maswavlebelTa saWiro da mosalodneli raodenobis Sesaxeb kvleva
maswavlebelTa saWiro da mosalodneli raodenobis Sesaxeb kvleva
maswavlebelTa saWiro da mosalodneli raodenobis Sesaxeb kvleva
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<strong>maswavlebelTa</strong> profesiuli ganviTarebis centri<br />
socialuri kvlevisa <strong>da</strong> analizis instituti<br />
<strong>maswavlebelTa</strong> <strong>saWiro</strong> <strong>da</strong> <strong>mosalodneli</strong><br />
<strong>raodenobis</strong> <strong>Sesaxeb</strong> <strong>kvleva</strong><br />
2008<br />
weli<br />
1
kvleviTi proeqtis samuSao jgufi:<br />
<strong>maswavlebelTa</strong> profesiuli ganviTarebis centri:<br />
sofio gorgoZe _ centris direqtori<br />
paata sirbilaZe _ proeqtebis koordinatori<br />
maia araviSvili _ kvlevebis koordinatori<br />
nika cimakuriZe _ registraciis koordinatori<br />
socialuri kvlevisa <strong>da</strong> analizis instituti:<br />
iago kaWkaWiSvili _ centris direqtori<br />
lali suTiaSvili _ kvlevebis menejeri<br />
mamuka na<strong>da</strong>reiSvili _ statistikosi<br />
lia mezvriSvili _ sociologi/analitikosi<br />
ivane min<strong>da</strong>Ze _ konsultanti<br />
© <strong>maswavlebelTa</strong> profesiuli ganviTarebis centri<br />
2
sarCevi<br />
I <strong>maswavlebelTa</strong> arsebul <strong>da</strong> <strong>saWiro</strong> raodenobebs Soris balansis<br />
<strong>kvleva</strong> (monacemTa bazebis statistikuri analizi)<br />
I. monacemTa bazebis analizis meTodologia................................................5<br />
II. arsebuli situaciis analizi..................................................................................10<br />
III. cxrilebi.....................................................................................................................................21<br />
II <strong>maswavlebelTa</strong> arsebuli nakadis <strong>kvleva</strong>:<br />
saqarTvelos saSualo skolebis <strong>maswavlebelTa</strong> gamokiTxvis<br />
Sedegebi<br />
kvlevis meTodologia...........................................................................................................36<br />
I. saSualo ganaTlebis sferoSi mimdinare<br />
reformebis Sefaseba...............................................................................................................39<br />
II. <strong>da</strong>mokidebuleba <strong>maswavlebelTa</strong> sertificirebis mimarT..........44<br />
III. maswavleblad muSaobis upiratesobebi <strong>da</strong> skolaSi muSaobis<br />
alternativa.....................................................................................................................................57<br />
IV. saSualo ganaTlebis sferoSi arsebuli problemebi..............74<br />
ZiriTadi Sedegebi <strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>skvnebi..................................................................................78<br />
III <strong>maswavlebelTa</strong> <strong>mosalodneli</strong> nakadis <strong>kvleva</strong>:<br />
saqarTvelos umaRlesi saswavleblebis studentTa <strong>da</strong> kurs<strong>da</strong>mTavrebulTa<br />
gamokiTxvis Sedegebi<br />
kvlevis meTodologia..........................................................................................................83<br />
I. saSualo ganaTlebis sferoSi mimdinare<br />
reformebis Sefaseba..............................................................................................................90<br />
II. <strong>da</strong>mokidebuleba <strong>maswavlebelTa</strong> sertificirebis mimarT.........93<br />
III. saSualo ganaTlebis sistemis problemebi;<br />
3
maswavleblad muSaobis upiratesobebi...............................................................96<br />
IV. skolaSi maswavleblad muSaobis <strong>da</strong>wyebis survili;<br />
maswavleblad muSaobis <strong>da</strong>wyebis <strong>da</strong>matebiTi pirobebi;<br />
maswavlebloba versus sxva saqmianoba................................................................102<br />
V. ganaTlebis magistraturis Taviseburebebis Sefaseba;<br />
ganaTlebis magistraturaSi Cabarebis survili;<br />
sasurveli minimaluri xelfasebi...........................................................................122<br />
ZiriTadi Sedegebi <strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>skvnebi................................................................................133<br />
IV Semajamebeli <strong>da</strong>skvna....................................................................................................138<br />
4
<strong>maswavlebelTa</strong> arsebul <strong>da</strong> <strong>saWiro</strong> raodenobebs<br />
Soris balansis <strong>kvleva</strong><br />
(monacemTa bazebis statistikuri analizi)<br />
I. monacemTa bazebis analizis meTodologia<br />
1.1. skolebSi arsebuli maswavleblebis <strong>raodenobis</strong> gamoTvla<br />
saqarTvelos skolebSi dRes arsebuli maswavleblebis <strong>raodenobis</strong><br />
<strong>da</strong>Tvlisas gamoyenebul iqna saqarTvelos ganaTlebisa <strong>da</strong><br />
mecnierebis saministros mier gadmocemuli skolebisa <strong>da</strong> maswavleblebis<br />
monacemTa baza.<br />
arsebuli situaciis analizis procesSi maswavleblebis<br />
raodenobebi <strong>da</strong>iTvala mxolod imaTgan, vinc, gadmocemuli bazebis<br />
mixedviT, amJamad aswavlis erovnuli saswavlo gegmiT (2007-<br />
2008 saswavlo wlis mdgomareobiT) gaTvaliswinebul aucilebel<br />
sagnebs. es sagnebia:<br />
1. qarTuli ena <strong>da</strong> literatura;<br />
2. mSobliuri ena (araqarTuli skolebisaTvis);<br />
3. maTematika;<br />
4. fizika;<br />
5. qimia;<br />
6. biologia;<br />
7. istoria<br />
8. geografia;<br />
9. ucxo ena (rusuli, inglisuri, germanuli, franguli <strong>da</strong> sxv.);<br />
10. xazva 1 ;<br />
11. SromiTi swavleba 2 ;<br />
12. samoqalaqo ganaTleba;<br />
13. musika;<br />
14. saxviTi xelovneba;<br />
15. fizikuri aRzr<strong>da</strong>.<br />
5
maswavleblebis raodenobaSi aseve CaTvlilia <strong>da</strong>wyebiTi klasis<br />
maswavleblebi;<br />
monacemTa bazaSi zogierT pe<strong>da</strong>gogs miTiTebuli hqon<strong>da</strong>, rom<br />
is aris bunebismetyvelebis maswavlebeli. Tu am maswavlebels<br />
miTiTebuli hqon<strong>da</strong>, rom is aswavlis mxolod <strong>da</strong>wyebiT klasebs,<br />
maSin is CavTvaleT <strong>da</strong>wyebiTi klasebis maswavleblad,sxva SemTxvevaSi<br />
es maswavleblebi arcerT konkretul sagans ar mivakuTneT<br />
<strong>da</strong> maTi raodenoba calkea <strong>da</strong>Tvlili (vfiqrobT, am kontingentis<br />
gamoyeneba SegveZleba yvela im vakansiis Sesavsebad, rac calkeuli<br />
sabunebismetyvelo sagnebis swavlebas SeiZleba axldes ama<br />
Tu im regionis/raionis skolebSi).<br />
gar<strong>da</strong> am sagnebisa, monacemTa bazaSi miTiTebuli iyo erovnuli<br />
saswavlo gegmis mixedviT Semdegi arasavaldebulo sagnebi:<br />
ekonomika, qoreografia, metyveleba <strong>da</strong> logika, eTika, filosofia<br />
<strong>da</strong> religia, sasceno xelovneba, socialuri fsiqologia, astronomia,<br />
fsiqologia, sazRvargareTis literatura, sainformacio <strong>da</strong><br />
sakomunikacio teqnologiebi, esTetika, soflis meurneobis safuZvlebi,usafrTxoeba,sagangebo<br />
situaciebi <strong>da</strong> samoqalaqo Tav<strong>da</strong>cva,<br />
<strong>da</strong>wyebiTi samxedro momzadeba, agroteqnika, avtosaqme, samedicino<br />
sanitaruli momzadeba, religiebi <strong>da</strong> sazogadoeba, Jurnalistika,<br />
politologia. rogorc ukve aRiniSna, am sagnebis <strong>maswavlebelTa</strong><br />
raodenoba ar aris CaTvlili skolis <strong>maswavlebelTa</strong> saerTo<br />
raodenobaSi.<br />
1,2 – xazva 2008-2009 saswavlo wlis erovnul saswavlo gegmaSi amoRebulia, xolo SromiTi swavleba<br />
gaerTianebulia saganSi – saxviTi <strong>da</strong> gamoyenebiTi xelovneba.<br />
6
zogierT SemTxvevaSi, maswavlebels miTiTebuli hqon<strong>da</strong>, rom<br />
igi aswavlis ramdenime sagans. imisaTvis, rom ar momx<strong>da</strong>riyo ormagi<br />
<strong>da</strong>Tvla (anu, erTi <strong>da</strong> igive maswavlebeli ramdenjerme ar<br />
yofiliyo CaTvlili) <strong>da</strong> Tanac gaTvaliswinebuliyo is faqti,<br />
rom mocemul skolas aRniSnuli sagnebis maswavlebeli hyav<strong>da</strong>,<br />
gamoviyeneT Semdegi midgoma: yovel pe<strong>da</strong>gogs ganesazRvra erTi<br />
saStato erTeuli. Tu pe<strong>da</strong>gogi aswavlis ramdenime, programiT<br />
gaTvaliswinebul sagans,maSin am maswavleblis saStato erTeuli<br />
Tanabrad ganawil<strong>da</strong> aRniSnul sagnebze. magaliTad,Tu bazaSi pe<strong>da</strong>gogs<br />
ewera, rom igi aswavlis rogorc qimias, ise biologias, Cven<br />
vTvlidiT, rom am skolaSi aris 0.5 saStato erTeulze momuSave<br />
biologiis maswavlebeli <strong>da</strong> 0.5 saStato erTeulze momuSave qimiis<br />
maswavlebeli, anu, saboloo jamSi, erTi maswavlebeli <strong>da</strong> ara _<br />
ori. amiT Tavi<strong>da</strong>n avicileT <strong>maswavlebelTa</strong> arsebuli <strong>raodenobis</strong><br />
xelovnurad gazrdis safrTxe.<br />
TiToeul saganSi, skolaSi momuSave <strong>maswavlebelTa</strong> raodenoba<br />
<strong>da</strong>iTvala rogorc am saganSi <strong>da</strong>kavebuli maswavleblebis<br />
saStato erTeulebis jami.<br />
1.2. skolebSi <strong>saWiro</strong> maswavleblebis <strong>raodenobis</strong> gamoTvla<br />
skolaSi <strong>saWiro</strong> maswavleblebis <strong>raodenobis</strong> <strong>da</strong>Tvlisas<br />
visargebleT saqarTvelos ganaTlebisa <strong>da</strong> mecnierebis saministros<br />
mier 2007 wels miRebuli erovnuli saswavlo gegmiT,sa<strong>da</strong>c<br />
mocemulia 2007-2008 saswavlo wels moqmedi saaTobrivi bade.<br />
vinai<strong>da</strong>n aRniSnul dokumentSi ar aris miTiTebuli me-XII<br />
klasis saaTobrivi bade, amitom gamoTvlebis procesSi <strong>da</strong>Svebulia,rom<br />
me-XII klasSi saaTebi sagnebis mixedviT isevea ganawilebuli,<br />
rogorc me-XI klasSi.<br />
gamoTvlebis procesSi visargebleT Semegi midgomiT:<br />
1. <strong>da</strong>wyebiT klasebad gansazRvrulia I–VI klasebi. CavTvaleT,<br />
rom skolaSi un<strong>da</strong> iyos imdeni <strong>da</strong>wyebiTi klasis maswavlebeli,<br />
ramdeni <strong>da</strong>wyebiTi klasicaa (anu erT klass un<strong>da</strong> hyavdes erTi<br />
maswavlebeli) <strong>da</strong> TiToeulma masze gapirovnebul klasSi un<strong>da</strong><br />
aswavlos yvela sagani _ ucxo enis, musikis, fizikuri aRzrdis <strong>da</strong><br />
7
saxviTi <strong>da</strong> gamoyenebiTi xelovnebis gar<strong>da</strong>. am SemTxvevaSi, <strong>da</strong>wyebiTi<br />
klasebis maswavleblis <strong>da</strong>tvirTva meryeobs kviraSi 16-<strong>da</strong>n<br />
18 saaTamde, klasebis mixedviT.<br />
2. VI-XII klasebSi yovel j-ur saganSi skolaSi Casatarebeli<br />
jamuri saaTebis <strong>raodenobis</strong> <strong>da</strong>Tvlisas, visargebleT formuliT:<br />
sa<strong>da</strong>c<br />
pi aris paralelebis raodenoba i-ur klasSi;<br />
sij – i-ur klasSi j-ur saganSi Casatarebeli programiT gaTvaliswinebuli<br />
aucilebeli saaTebis raodenoba.<br />
3. skolaSi <strong>saWiro</strong> maswavleblebis raodenoba <strong>da</strong>viTvaleT<br />
sami gansxvavebuli midgomiT:<br />
8<br />
= ∑<br />
i<br />
i j<br />
pirveli varianti (minimaluri):<br />
T<br />
j<br />
p s<br />
i<br />
vinai<strong>da</strong>n skolaSi maswavleblis sruli ganakveTi Seadgens<br />
kviraSi 18 saaTs, amitom j-ur saganSi <strong>saWiro</strong> maswavleblebis<br />
raodenoba Mi gamoTvlil iqna am saganSi skolaSi Casatarebeli<br />
jamuri saaTebis Ti <strong>raodenobis</strong> 18-ze gayofiT:<br />
T<br />
j<br />
M<br />
j<br />
=<br />
1 8<br />
(1)<br />
am formuliT miRebuli maswavleblebis raodenoba maTematikurad<br />
zustia, magram misi gamoyenebiT miRebuli Sedegi, SesaZloa,<br />
ver asaxavdes realobas, vinai<strong>da</strong>n yovelTvis ar aris SesaZlebeli<br />
yvela maswavleblis sruli StatiT <strong>da</strong>tvirTva. amas SeiZleba sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva<br />
mizezi hqondes:<br />
• maswavlebeli aswavlides im sagans (sagnebs), romelTa<br />
moculoba ar utoldeba 18 saaTian kvireul <strong>da</strong>tvirTvas.<br />
aseTi sagnebi SeiZleba iyos yvela is sagani, romelzec<br />
Se<strong>da</strong>rebiT naklebi saaTebia gamoyofili;<br />
• skolaSi klasebis raodenoba iyos arasakmarisi imisaTvis,<br />
rom yvela maswavlebels SeeZlos normatuli <strong>da</strong>tvirTvis<br />
Sesruleba (es viTareba tipuria soflis skolebisaTvis).<br />
zemoTqmuli<strong>da</strong>n gamomdinare, am variantiT <strong>da</strong>Tvlili maswav-
leblebis raodenoba, cxadia, ar miuaxlovdeba pe<strong>da</strong>gogTa realur<br />
ricxvs,aramed iqneba bevrad ufro naklebi. skolebis optimizaciis<br />
politikam SeiZleba Seamciros sxvaoba am meTodiT <strong>da</strong>Tvlil<br />
<strong>da</strong> realur raodenobebs Soris. Tumca, am sxvaobis minimumamde<br />
<strong>da</strong>yvana mainc SeuZlebelia.<br />
gar<strong>da</strong> amisa, aRniSnuli formuliT miRebuli Sedegi SeiZleba<br />
ar iyos mTeli ricxvi.<br />
aRniSnuli<strong>da</strong>n gamomdinare, skolaSi <strong>saWiro</strong> maswavleblebis<br />
raodenoba <strong>da</strong>vTvaleT meore midgomiTac.<br />
meore varianti (maqsimaluri):<br />
Tu skolaSi romelime saganSi Casatarebeli saaTebis raodenoba<br />
naklebia 18-ze, CavTvaleT, rom skolas am saganSi sWirdeba<br />
erTi maswavlebeli.<br />
Tu skolaSi romelime saganSi Casatarebeli saaTebis raodenoba<br />
18-ze metia,maSin am saganSi <strong>saWiro</strong> maswavleblebis raodenoba<br />
gamoiTvleba (1) formuliT miRebuli Mi ricxvis <strong>da</strong>mrgvalebiT.<br />
magaliTad, Tu (1) formulis Tanaxmad skolas sWirdeba 1.7 biologiis<br />
<strong>da</strong> 3.2 maTematikis maswavlebeli, maSin CavTvliT, rom am<br />
skolaSi un<strong>da</strong> aswavlos biologiis orma <strong>da</strong> maTematikis samma<br />
maswavlebelma.<br />
es aris <strong>maswavlebelTa</strong> is maqsimaluri raodenoba romelic<br />
sWirdeba skolas.<br />
mesame varianti (optimaluri):<br />
Teoriulad SesaZlebelia,rom qalaqSi maswavleblebi srulad<br />
iyvnen <strong>da</strong>tvirTulni. kerZod, Tu maswavlebels erT skolaSi ar<br />
hyofnis saaTebi sruli <strong>da</strong>tvirTvis Sesasruleblad,es <strong>da</strong>naklisi<br />
SesaZlebelia Seivsos imave qalaqis sxva skolaSi muSaobiT. soflis<br />
SemTxvevaSi es Se<strong>da</strong>rebiT rTulia ga<strong>da</strong>adgilebis problemebis<br />
gamo. am <strong>da</strong>Svebis gaTvaliswinebiT, skolaSi <strong>saWiro</strong> maswavleblebis<br />
<strong>raodenobis</strong> <strong>da</strong>saTvlelad gamoviyeneT mesame midgomac:<br />
qalaqis skolebSi maswavleblebi <strong>da</strong>viTvaleT pirveli variantiT,<br />
xolo soflis skolebi _ meore variantiT. mesame varianti warmoadgens<br />
Sualedurs pirvelsa <strong>da</strong> meores Soris.<br />
9
II. arsebuli situaciis analizi<br />
2.1. maswavleblebis arsebuli raodenoba<br />
raionSi/regionSi <strong>saWiro</strong>/arsebuli maswavleblebis raodenoba<br />
warmoadgens mocemuli raionis/regionis skolebSi <strong>saWiro</strong>/arsebuli<br />
maswavleblebis jams.<br />
dReisaTvis saqarTvelos 2,462 skolaSi erovnuli saswavlo<br />
gegmiT (2007-2008 saswavlo wlisTvis) gaTvaliswinebul aucilebel<br />
sagnebs aswavli<strong>da</strong> 71,192 maswavlebeli.<br />
maswavleblebis raodenoba regionebis <strong>da</strong> sagnebis mixedviT<br />
mocemulia diagramebze #1 <strong>da</strong> #2, xolo <strong>maswavlebelTa</strong> raodenoba<br />
calkeul sagnebSi, raionebis mixedviT mocemulia cxrilSi #1.<br />
D<br />
diagrama #1<br />
maswavleblebis raodenoba regionebis mixedviT<br />
14,025<br />
11,406<br />
6,431<br />
5,703<br />
7,898<br />
4,571<br />
7,355<br />
7,665<br />
2,609<br />
2,252<br />
1,276<br />
kaxeTi<br />
Tbilisi<br />
Si<strong>da</strong> qarTli<br />
qvemo<br />
qarTli<br />
aWara<br />
guria<br />
samegrelo,<br />
zemo svaneTi<br />
imereTi<br />
samcxejavaxeT<br />
raWaleCxumi,<br />
qvemo svaneTi<br />
mcxeTa<br />
mTianeTi<br />
10
diagrama #2<br />
maswavleblebis raodenoba sagnebis mixedviT<br />
15 753<br />
9 097<br />
766<br />
11 661<br />
6 821<br />
4 560<br />
2 624 2 222 2 454 2 332<br />
2 068 2 211 3 169 1 496 1 075 2 109 771<br />
zogadi <strong>da</strong>wyebiTi<br />
qarTuli<br />
sxva mSobliuri<br />
ena<br />
maTematika<br />
fizika<br />
qimia<br />
biologia<br />
geografia<br />
istoria<br />
ucxo ena<br />
musika<br />
saxviTi<br />
xelovneba<br />
fizikuri aRzr<strong>da</strong><br />
samoqalaqo<br />
ganaTleba<br />
xazva<br />
SromiTi swavleba<br />
bunebismetyvele<br />
ba<br />
2.2. <strong>maswavlebelTa</strong> mier ramdenime sagnis swavlebis SemTxveva.<br />
monacemTa bazaSi fiqsirebuli, sabaziso <strong>da</strong> saSualo skolis<br />
aucilebeli sagnis 56,980 maswavlebli<strong>da</strong>n 11,827 (maswavleblebis<br />
20.8%) or <strong>da</strong> met sagans aswavlis. qalaqSi es ricxvi Se<strong>da</strong>rebiT<br />
pataraa (12.2%), maSin roca soflis maswavleblebis 28.1% erTze<br />
met sagans aswavlis.<br />
9,294 maswavlebeli aswavlis or sagans (<strong>maswavlebelTa</strong> 16.3%),<br />
1,958 sam sagans (3.4%), 574 sam <strong>da</strong> met sagans.<br />
yvelaze xSirad iTavseben sagans “samoqalaqo ganaTleba”. am<br />
sagnis 2,908 maswavlebli<strong>da</strong>n 2,589 (89.0%) sxva sagansac aswavlis.<br />
rogorc Cans,es sagani ZiriTa<strong>da</strong>d SeTavsebuli aqvT istoriis maswavleblebs.<br />
aRniSnuli sagnis 76.1% istoriasac aswavlis (2,214<br />
SemTxveva).<br />
aseve tipuria xazvis SeTavseba. xazvis maswavleblebis 82.7%<br />
sxva sagansac aswavlis. xazvis maswavleblebis 33.9% aswavlis<br />
maTematikasac, 25.0% saxviT xelovnebas, an 16.9% Sromas.<br />
11
Sromis maswavleblebis 62.9% aswavlis sxva sagansac. ZiriTa<strong>da</strong>d<br />
biologias (14.3%), maTematikasa(13.6%) <strong>da</strong> fizikur aRzr<strong>da</strong>s<br />
(12.3%).<br />
aseve xSiria istoriisa <strong>da</strong> geografiis (729 SemTxveva), maTematikisa<br />
<strong>da</strong> fizikis (1,085 SemTxveva), biologiisa <strong>da</strong> qimiis (1,135<br />
SemTxveva) SeTavseba.<br />
2.3. <strong>maswavlebelTa</strong> demografia.<br />
rogorc <strong>mosalodneli</strong> iyo, <strong>maswavlebelTa</strong> ZiriTadi nawili<br />
qalia. kacebi Seadgenen pe<strong>da</strong>gogebis 12.9%-s. maTi xvedriTi wili<br />
yvelaze nakleba<strong>da</strong>a warmodgenili TbilisSi (5.5%) <strong>da</strong> yvelaze<br />
metad _ aWaraSi (20.4%).<br />
maswavleblebis ganawileba sqesis mixedviT regionalur Wril-<br />
Si mocemulia diagramaze #3.<br />
diagrama #3<br />
pe<strong>da</strong>gogebis ganawileba sqesis mixedviT regionalur<br />
WrilSi<br />
20% 19% 19% 17% 15% 15% 13% 11% 9% 8% 5% 13%<br />
80% 81% 81% 83% 85% 85% 87% 89% 91% 92% 95% 87%<br />
kaci<br />
qali<br />
aWara<br />
raWaleYxumi<br />
<strong>da</strong> qvemo<br />
qvemo<br />
qarTli<br />
guria<br />
imereTi<br />
samegrel<br />
o-zemo<br />
svaneTi<br />
Si<strong>da</strong><br />
qarTli<br />
samcxejavaxeTi<br />
mcxeTamTianeTi<br />
kaxeTi<br />
Tbilisi<br />
sul<br />
12
<strong>maswavlebelTa</strong> saSualo asaki Seadgens 47.4 wels. yvelaze<br />
“axalgazrdulia” aWaris maswavleblebi (maTi saSualo asakia<br />
44.8), xolo yvelaze “asakovani” _ raWa-leCxumis/qvemo svaneTis<br />
maswavleblebi (saSualo asakia 49.0 weli) (ix. diagrama #4).<br />
diagrama #4<br />
maswavleblebis saSualo asaki regionebis mixedviT<br />
47.5 47.6 47.7 47.8 47.9 48.0<br />
48.8 48.9 49.0<br />
47.4<br />
44.8<br />
45.4<br />
aWara<br />
samcxejavaxeTi<br />
qvemo<br />
qarTli<br />
Tbilisi<br />
same<br />
grelozemo<br />
svaneTi<br />
imereTi<br />
guria<br />
Si<strong>da</strong><br />
qarTli<br />
kaxeTi<br />
mcxeTamTianeTi<br />
raWaleCxumi<br />
<strong>da</strong><br />
qvemo<br />
svaneTi<br />
sul<br />
2.4. <strong>maswavlebelTa</strong> arsebuli <strong>da</strong> <strong>saWiro</strong> raodenobebis Tanafardoba<br />
imisaTvis, rom <strong>da</strong>gvedgina, Tu ramdenad uzrunvelyofilia<br />
skolebi ama Tu im sagnis maswavleblebiT, skolaSi arsebuli maswavleblebis<br />
raodenobas gamovakeliT saswavlo procesis normaluri<br />
mimdinareobisaTvis <strong>saWiro</strong> <strong>maswavlebelTa</strong> raodenoba. Tu<br />
sxvaoba <strong>da</strong>debiTia, es gviCvenebs, rom skolaSi mocemuli sagnis<br />
maswavlebeli <strong>saWiro</strong>ze metia, xolo Tu sxvaoba uaryofiTia, es<br />
niSnavs, rom skolas am sagnis maswavlebeli aklia.<br />
cxrilebSi calkea gamoyofili im <strong>maswavlebelTa</strong> raodenoba,<br />
romlebsac monacemTa bazaSi miTiTebuli hqon<strong>da</strong>T, rom aswavlidnen<br />
bunebismetyvelebas an bunebismcodneobas. isini ar arian CaTvlilni<br />
arc erT sxva sagnis <strong>maswavlebelTa</strong> raodenobaSi.<br />
yvela gamoTvla Catarebulia zemoT aRniSnuli sami variantisTvis<br />
cal-calke.<br />
13
arsebuli <strong>da</strong> <strong>saWiro</strong> maswavleblebis raodenobebis Se<strong>da</strong>rebam<br />
gviCvena, rom ZiriTadi problema, samive variantis SemTxveva-<br />
Si, iqmneba <strong>da</strong>wyebiTi klasebis maswavleblebiT <strong>da</strong>kompleqtebisas.<br />
es bunebrivia, radgan aqamde <strong>da</strong>wyebiT klasebad iTvlebo<strong>da</strong><br />
I-IV klasebi <strong>da</strong> amitom <strong>saWiro</strong> maswavleblebis raodenoba mniSvnelovnad<br />
gaizar<strong>da</strong>.<br />
pirveli varianti (ix. cxrilebi #2, #5 <strong>da</strong> #8) 1 :<br />
diagrama #5<br />
arsebul <strong>da</strong> <strong>saWiro</strong> <strong>maswavlebelTa</strong> raodenobebs Soris sxvaoba<br />
qalaq/soflis WrilSi (varianti1)<br />
4000<br />
3000<br />
2000<br />
1000<br />
0<br />
-1000<br />
-2000<br />
-3000<br />
zogadi<br />
<strong>da</strong>wyebiTi<br />
qarTuli<br />
sxva mSobliuri<br />
ena<br />
maTematika<br />
fizika<br />
qimia<br />
biologia<br />
geografia<br />
istoria<br />
ucxo ena<br />
musika<br />
saxviTi<br />
xelovneba<br />
fizikuri<br />
aRzr<strong>da</strong><br />
samoqalaqo<br />
ganaTleba<br />
xazva<br />
SromiTi<br />
swavleba<br />
bunebismetyveleba<br />
qalaqi<br />
sofel<br />
i<br />
-4000<br />
-5000<br />
1 gawiTlebuli ujrebi cxrilebSi miuTiTebs, rom gvaqvs <strong>maswavlebelTa</strong> nakleboba.<br />
14
diagrama #8<br />
arsebul <strong>da</strong> <strong>saWiro</strong> <strong>maswavlebelTa</strong> raodenobebs<br />
Soris sxvaoba qalaq/soflis WrilSi (varianti2)<br />
3000<br />
2000<br />
1000<br />
0<br />
-1000<br />
-2000<br />
-3000<br />
zogadi<br />
<strong>da</strong>wyebiTi<br />
qarTuli<br />
sxva mSobliuri<br />
ena<br />
maTematika<br />
fizika<br />
qimia<br />
biologia<br />
geografia<br />
istoria<br />
ucxo ena<br />
musika<br />
saxviTi<br />
xelovneba<br />
fizikuri<br />
aRzr<strong>da</strong><br />
samoqalaqo<br />
ganaTleba<br />
xazva<br />
SromiTi<br />
swavleba<br />
bunebismetyveleba<br />
qalaqi<br />
sofel<br />
i<br />
-4000<br />
-5000<br />
mTlianobaSi, am variantis SemTxvevaSi, arsebuli maswavleblebis<br />
raodenoba 9,786 erTeuliT aWarbebs <strong>saWiro</strong>s.<br />
TiTqmis yvela sagnis maswavlebeli ufro metia <strong>saWiro</strong>ze _<br />
<strong>da</strong>wyebiTi klasebis, fizikuri kulturis <strong>da</strong> musikis maswavleblebis<br />
gar<strong>da</strong>. es situacia meordeba praqtikulad yvela regionSi.<br />
mxolod samcxe-javaxeTis regionSia ucxo enis maswavleblebis<br />
mcire nakleboba. aqve aRsanisnavia, rom Tbilisis skolebSi fiqsirdeba<br />
geografiis maswavleblebis nakleboba.<br />
analogiuri situacia SenarCunebulia qalaq/soflis WrilSic<br />
(ix. diagrama #5).<br />
15
umetes raionebSi, <strong>maswavlebelTa</strong> arsebuli jamuri raodenoba<br />
metia <strong>saWiro</strong>ze. gamonakliss mxolod ramdenime raioni warmoadgens.<br />
maTgan, maswavleblebis yvelaze didi deficiti aris dmanisisa<br />
<strong>da</strong> mestiis raionebSi, sa<strong>da</strong>c pe<strong>da</strong>gogebis arsebuli raodenoba,<br />
Sesabamisad, 19.1% <strong>da</strong> 10.7%-iT naklebia <strong>saWiro</strong>ze.<br />
meore varianti (ix. cxrilebi #3, #5 <strong>da</strong> #8):<br />
am variantis SemTxvevaSi, <strong>maswavlebelTa</strong> arsebuli raodenoba<br />
3,669-iT naklebia <strong>saWiro</strong>ze.<br />
arsebul <strong>da</strong> <strong>saWiro</strong> maswavleblebs Soris sxvaoba regionebisa<br />
<strong>da</strong> sagnebis mixedviT mocemulia diagramebze #6 <strong>da</strong> #7.<br />
diagrama #6<br />
arsebul <strong>da</strong> <strong>saWiro</strong> <strong>maswavlebelTa</strong> raodenobebs Soris<br />
sxvaoba regionebis mixedviT (varianti2)<br />
800<br />
600<br />
400<br />
200<br />
0<br />
-200<br />
-400<br />
-600<br />
-800<br />
-1000<br />
kaxeTi<br />
Tbilisi<br />
Si<strong>da</strong> qarTli<br />
qvemo qarTli<br />
samcxe-javaxeT<br />
aWara<br />
guria<br />
samegrelo, zemo<br />
svaneTi<br />
imereTi<br />
raWa-leCxumi, qvemo<br />
svaneTi<br />
mcxeTa mTianeTi<br />
-1200<br />
-1400<br />
16
diagrama #7<br />
arsebul <strong>da</strong> <strong>saWiro</strong> <strong>maswavlebelTa</strong> raodenobebs Soris<br />
sxvaoba sagnebis mixedviT (varianti2)<br />
4000<br />
3000<br />
2000<br />
1000<br />
0<br />
-1000<br />
-2000<br />
-3000<br />
-4000<br />
-5000<br />
zogadi <strong>da</strong>wyebiTi<br />
qarTuli<br />
sxva mSobliuri ena<br />
maTematika<br />
fizika<br />
qimia<br />
biologia<br />
geografia<br />
istoria<br />
ucxo ena<br />
musika<br />
saxviTi xelovneba<br />
fizikuri aRzr<strong>da</strong><br />
samoqalaqo ganaTleba<br />
xazva<br />
SromiTi swavleba<br />
-6000<br />
-7000<br />
am variantSi, <strong>da</strong>wyebiTi klasebis, fizikuri aRzrdis <strong>da</strong> musikis<br />
maswavleblebis gar<strong>da</strong>, pe<strong>da</strong>gogebis nakleboba SeimCneva samoqalaqo<br />
ganaTlebis, saxviTi <strong>da</strong> gamoyenebiTi xelovnebis maswavleblebSi.<br />
naklebobaa, aseve, qimiis, biologiisa <strong>da</strong> geografiis<br />
maswavleblebSi. Tumca, <strong>mosalodneli</strong>a, rom maTi kompensireba<br />
garkveulwilad xdeba bunebismetyvelebis maswavleblebis xarjze<br />
2 .<br />
am variantSi, <strong>maswavlebelTa</strong> yvelaze mwvave nakleboba SeimCneva<br />
mTian raionebSi: mestiaSi, yazbegSi, axalgorSi, duSeTSi, walka-<br />
Si, dmanisSi, TeTriwyaroSi, xulosa <strong>da</strong> SuaxevSi, sa<strong>da</strong>c arsebuli<br />
pe<strong>da</strong>gogebis saerTo raodenoba 30-60%-iT naklebia <strong>saWiro</strong>ze.<br />
aRsaniSnavia, rom did qalaqebSi (Tbilisi, quTaisi, gori, baTumi,<br />
rusTavi, foTi), am variantSic ki, <strong>maswavlebelTa</strong> raodenoba<br />
<strong>saWiro</strong>ze metia.<br />
17
ac Seexeba regionebs, maswavleblebis naklebobaa yvela regionSi,<br />
gar<strong>da</strong> Tbilisis, agreTve, kaxeTisa <strong>da</strong> Si<strong>da</strong> qarTlis regionebisa.<br />
SesamCnevia (am variantisTvis) gansxvaveba qalaqsa <strong>da</strong> sofelSi<br />
arsebul mdgomareobas Soris. qalaqSi <strong>saWiro</strong>ze 8.2%-iT meti maswavlebelia,<br />
maSin roca sofelSi pe<strong>da</strong>gogTa raodenoba <strong>saWiro</strong>ze<br />
13.2%-iT naklebia (ix. diagrama #8).<br />
mesame varianti (ix. cxrilebi #4, #7 <strong>da</strong> #8):<br />
am variantis SemTxvevaSi, <strong>maswavlebelTa</strong> arsebuli raodenoba<br />
mxolod 785-iT naklebia <strong>saWiro</strong>ze. es kidev erTxel miuTiTebs<br />
imaze, rom mesame varianti yvelaze ufro adekvaturad asaxavs arsebul<br />
realobas.<br />
mesame variantis SemTxvevaSi, arsebul <strong>da</strong> <strong>saWiro</strong> maswavleblebs<br />
Soris sxvaoba, regionebisa <strong>da</strong> sagnebis mixedviT, mocemulia<br />
diagramebze #9 <strong>da</strong> #10.<br />
2 monacemTa bazaSi maswavleblebs registraciisas miTiTebuli aqvT bunebismetyvelebis maswavlebeli,<br />
bunebismetyvelebaSi ki gaerTianebulia qimia, biologia <strong>da</strong> fizika.<br />
18
diagrama #9<br />
arsebul <strong>da</strong> <strong>saWiro</strong> <strong>maswavlebelTa</strong> raodenobebs Soris<br />
sxvaoba regionebis mixedviT (varianti3)<br />
2000<br />
1500<br />
1000<br />
500<br />
0<br />
-500<br />
-1000<br />
-1500<br />
kaxeTi<br />
Tbilisi<br />
Si<strong>da</strong> qarTli<br />
qvemo qarTli<br />
samcxe-javaxeT<br />
aWara<br />
guria<br />
samegrelo, zemo<br />
svaneTi<br />
imereTi<br />
raWa-leCxumi, qvemo<br />
svaneTi<br />
mcxeTa mTianeTi<br />
diagrama #10<br />
arsebul <strong>da</strong> <strong>saWiro</strong> <strong>maswavlebelTa</strong> raodenobebs<br />
Soris sxvaoba sagnebis mixedviT (varianti3)<br />
4000<br />
2000<br />
0<br />
-2000<br />
-4000<br />
-6000<br />
zogadi<br />
<strong>da</strong>wyebiTi<br />
qarTuli<br />
sxva<br />
mSobliuri<br />
maTematika<br />
fizika<br />
qimia<br />
biologia<br />
geografia<br />
istoria<br />
ucxo ena<br />
musika<br />
saxviTi<br />
xelovneba<br />
fizikuri<br />
aRzr<strong>da</strong><br />
samoqalaqo<br />
ganaTleba<br />
xazva<br />
SromiTi<br />
swavleba<br />
-8000<br />
19
2.5. <strong>maswavlebelTa</strong> <strong>saWiro</strong> <strong>raodenobis</strong> prognozireba<br />
<strong>maswavlebelTa</strong> momavalSi <strong>saWiro</strong> <strong>raodenobis</strong> prognozireba<br />
ganxorciel<strong>da</strong> im <strong>da</strong>SvebiT, rom sapensio asaks miRweuli maswavlebeli<br />
aucileblad gava pensiaze, xolo sxva mizeziT pe<strong>da</strong>gogi<br />
samuSaos ar <strong>da</strong>tovebs.<br />
dReisaTvis sapensio asakisaa <strong>da</strong>axloebiT 8,500 maswavlebeli.<br />
Cvens mier miRebuli <strong>da</strong>Svebis SemTxvevaSi, Semdeg wlebSi (2009-<br />
2018 ww.) <strong>da</strong>axloebiT 1000-1500 axali maswavlebeli <strong>da</strong>gvWirdeba<br />
weliwadSi.<br />
2018 wlisTvis, pirveli variantis SemTxvevaSi, <strong>da</strong>gvWirdeba<br />
<strong>da</strong>axloebiT 11 aTasi, meore variantis SemTxvevaSi _ <strong>da</strong>axloebiT<br />
22 aTasi, xolo mesame variantis SemTxvevaSi _ <strong>da</strong>axloebiT 20<br />
aTasi axali maswavleblis momzadeba.<br />
uaxloes 5 weliwadSi <strong>maswavlebelTa</strong> nakleboba <strong>mosalodneli</strong>a<br />
Semdeg sagnebSi: musika, fizikuri aRzr<strong>da</strong>, samoqalaqo<br />
ganaTleba, saxviTi <strong>da</strong> gamoyenebiTi xelovneba. rac Seexeba qimias<br />
<strong>da</strong> biologias, sa<strong>da</strong>c aseve SeiniSneba <strong>maswavlebelTa</strong> nakleboba,<br />
maTi kompensireba SesaZloa moxdes im maswavleblebis xarjze,<br />
romelTac sagnis grafaSi monacemTa bazaSi miTiTebuli aqvT<br />
“bunebismetyveleba”.<br />
<strong>saWiro</strong> maswavleblebis raodenoba <strong>da</strong> sxvaoba arsebul <strong>da</strong><br />
<strong>saWiro</strong> maswavleblebs Soris wlebis mixedviT (regionalur <strong>da</strong><br />
sagnobriv WrilebSi) mocemulia cxrilebSi ##9 – 16 2 .<br />
3 vinai<strong>da</strong>n axali erovnuli saswavlo gegmis mixedviT, xazva amoRebulia, xolo Sroma gaerTianebulia<br />
saxviT <strong>da</strong> gamoyenebiT xelovnebaSi, prognozirebisas xazvis <strong>maswavlebelTa</strong> raodenoba gaTvaliswinebuli<br />
ar aris.<br />
20
cxrilebi<br />
cxrili #1: arsebuli maswavleblebis raodenoba calkeul sagnebSi, raionebis<br />
mixedviT<br />
21
cxrili #2: arsebuli <strong>da</strong> <strong>saWiro</strong> maswavleblebis raodenobebis sxvaoba<br />
sagnebSi, raionebis mixedviT<br />
(pirveli varianti)<br />
23
cxrili #3: arsebuli <strong>da</strong> <strong>saWiro</strong> maswavleblebis raodenobebis sxvaoba<br />
sagnebSi raionebis mixedviT<br />
(meore varianti)<br />
25
cxrili #4: arsebuli <strong>da</strong> <strong>saWiro</strong> maswavleblebis raodenobebis sxvaoba<br />
sagnebSi raionebis mixedviT<br />
(mesame varianti)<br />
27
cxrili #5: arsebuli <strong>da</strong> <strong>saWiro</strong> maswavleblebis raodenobebis sxvaoba<br />
sagnebSi, regionebis mixedviT<br />
(pirveli varianti)<br />
cxrili #6. arsebuli <strong>da</strong> <strong>saWiro</strong> maswavleblebis raodenobebis sxvaoba<br />
sagnebSi, regionebis mixedviT<br />
(meore varianti)<br />
29
cxrili #7. arsebuli <strong>da</strong> <strong>saWiro</strong> maswavleblebis raodenobebis sxvaoba<br />
sagnebSi regionebis mixedviT<br />
(mesame varianti)<br />
30
cxrili #8: arsebuli <strong>da</strong> <strong>saWiro</strong> maswavleblebi <strong>da</strong> maT Soris sxvaobebi<br />
sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva variantebSi, qalaq/soflis WrilSi<br />
31
cxrili #9: dReisaTvis momqmedi maswavleblebi<strong>da</strong>n skolaSi <strong>da</strong>mrCeni maswavleblebis<br />
<strong>raodenobis</strong> prognozi 2008-18 wlebSi, regionebis mixedviT<br />
cxrili #10: 2009-18 wlebSi, arsebuli <strong>da</strong> <strong>saWiro</strong> maswavleblebis raodenobebis<br />
sxvaobis prognozi regionebis mixedviT (pirveli varianti)<br />
32
cxrili #11: 2009-18 wlebSi, arsebuli <strong>da</strong> <strong>saWiro</strong> maswavleblebis raodenobebis<br />
sxvaobis prognozi regionebis mixedviT (meore varianti)<br />
cxrili #12: 2009-18 wlebSi, arsebuli <strong>da</strong> <strong>saWiro</strong> maswavleblebis raodenobebis<br />
sxvaobis prognozi regionebis mixedviT (mesame varianti)<br />
33
cxrili #13: dReisaTvis momqmedi maswavleblebi<strong>da</strong>n skolaSi <strong>da</strong>mrCeni maswavleblebis<br />
<strong>raodenobis</strong> prognozi sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva wlebSi, sagnebis mixedviT<br />
cxrili #14: 2009-18 ww. arsebuli <strong>da</strong> <strong>saWiro</strong> maswavleblebis raodenobebis<br />
sxvaobis prognozi, sagnebis mixedviT (pirveli varianti)<br />
34
cxrili #15: 2009-18 ww. arsebuli <strong>da</strong> <strong>saWiro</strong> maswavleblebis raodenobebis<br />
sxvaobis prognozi, sagnebis mixedviT (meore varianti)<br />
cxrili #16: 2009-18 ww. arsebuli <strong>da</strong> <strong>saWiro</strong> maswavleblebis raodenobebis<br />
sxvaobis prognozi, sagnebis mixedviT (mesame varianti)<br />
35
<strong>maswavlebelTa</strong> arsebuli nakadis <strong>kvleva</strong>:<br />
saqarTvelos saSualo skolebis maswavlebel-<br />
Ta gamokiTxvis Sedegebi<br />
kvlevis meTodologia<br />
kvlevis mizani iyo <strong>maswavlebelTa</strong> arsebuli nakadis ganwyobebis<br />
<strong>da</strong> molodinebis <strong>kvleva</strong>, rasac, saboloo jamSi, un<strong>da</strong> ganesaz-<br />
Rvra <strong>maswavlebelTa</strong> mobilobis _ skolaSi <strong>da</strong>rCenis Tu skoli<strong>da</strong>n<br />
gadinebis Taviseburebebi.<br />
gamokvlevis tipi: erovnuli SerCevis raodenobrivi <strong>kvleva</strong>.<br />
kvlevis meTodi: pirispir interviu.<br />
kvlevis instrumenti; kiTxvari, romelic moicav<strong>da</strong> Ria, <strong>da</strong>xurul<br />
<strong>da</strong> naxevrad <strong>da</strong>xurul kiTxvebs.<br />
kvlevis samizne jgufs warmoadgens saxelmwifo/kerZo skolebSi<br />
<strong>da</strong>saqmebuli maswavleblebi.<br />
aRniSnuli jgufi CaiTvala, rogorc <strong>da</strong>moukidebeli generaluri<br />
erToblioba,romlis mimarTac aigo reprezentatuli Ser-<br />
Ceva.<br />
samizne jgufis Taviseburebebis Sesabamisad, SemuSav<strong>da</strong> kiTxvari,<br />
romelmac moicva Semdegi Temebi:<br />
36
• rogor afaseben maswavleblebi saSualo ganaTlebis<br />
sistemaSi mimdinare reformebs (upiratesobebi <strong>da</strong> naklovanebebi)<br />
• miiReben Tu ara isini monawileobas sasertifikacio<br />
gamocdebSi, romelic <strong>da</strong>iwyeba 2010 wli<strong>da</strong>n<br />
• ra aris, maTi azriT, zoga<strong>da</strong>d, saSualo ganaTlebis<br />
sistemis <strong>da</strong>, kerZod, maTi sakuTari skolebis ZiriTadi problemebi,<br />
romlebic pirvel rigSi un<strong>da</strong> ga<strong>da</strong>iWras<br />
• apireben Tu ara, rom <strong>da</strong>rCnen skolebSi, Tu <strong>da</strong>toveben<br />
skolas uaxloesi 10 wlis ganmavlobaSi<br />
• Seicvlian Tu ara samuSaos im SemTxvevaSi, Tu gamoCndeba<br />
sxva, ukeTesad anazRaurebadi samsaxuri<br />
• ra aris mTavari motivacia maTTvis, visac surs skolis<br />
<strong>da</strong>toveba ra SemTxvevaSi Seicvlidnen ga<strong>da</strong>wyvetilebas<br />
• ra aris skolaSi maswavleblad muSaobis upiratesobebi<br />
<strong>da</strong> ra alternativebi aqvs mas.<br />
SerCeva<br />
generaluri erToblioba: saqarTvelos skolebis maswavleblebi.<br />
SerCevis baza: ganaTlebisa <strong>da</strong> mecnierebis saministros mier<br />
mowodebuli skolebis baza, <strong>maswavlebelTa</strong> raodenobebis miTiTebiT.<br />
SerCevis moculoba: 4000 <strong>da</strong>srulebuli interviu.<br />
SerCevis dizaini: orsafexuriani stratificirebuli SerCeva.<br />
Tav<strong>da</strong>pirvelad SerCevis mTeli moculoba ga<strong>da</strong>nawil<strong>da</strong> regionebze<br />
ise, rom TiToeuli regionisaTvis SerCeviTi cdomileba<br />
ar yofiliyo 5%-ze meti 95%-iani saimedoobiT. mTeli qveynis mas-<br />
StabiT,SerCevis modeli uzrunvelyofs Sefasebis maqsimum 2%-ian<br />
cdomilebas (ix. cxrili #1a):<br />
37
cxrili #1a<br />
stratifikacia ganxorciel<strong>da</strong> ori niSnis mixedviT:<br />
stratebSi interviuebis raodenoba ga<strong>da</strong>nawil<strong>da</strong> maTSi maswavleblebis<br />
<strong>raodenobis</strong> proporciulad.<br />
SerCevis pirvelad erTeuls warmoadgen<strong>da</strong> skola. yovel Ser-<br />
Ceul skolaSi un<strong>da</strong> Catarebuliyo 10 interviu (gar<strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>wyebiTi<br />
skolebisa, sa<strong>da</strong>c tardeba 6 interviu)<br />
skolebis SerCeva ganxorciel<strong>da</strong> PPS (Probability Proportional to<br />
Size) meTodiT.<br />
sul SerCevaSi moxv<strong>da</strong> 403 saSualo skola, saqarTvelos 11<br />
regionSi (ix. cxrili #1b):<br />
38
cxrili #1b<br />
yovel SerCeul skolaSi interviuers ganesazRvra,romeli sagnis<br />
maswavleblebi gamoekiTxa. skolebis (rogorc saxelmwifo,ise<br />
kerZo) SerCeva ganxorciel<strong>da</strong> ise, rom yvela skolaSi gamoikiTxa<br />
TiTqmis yvela arsebuli sagnis erTi maswavlebeli mainc.<br />
Tu skolaSi romelime sagans ramdenime maswavlebeli aswavli<strong>da</strong>,<br />
maTgan respondenti SeirCa <strong>da</strong>badebis TariRis principiT.<br />
I. saSualo ganaTlebis sferoSi mimdinare reformebis<br />
Sefaseba<br />
<strong>maswavlebelTa</strong> gamokveTili umravlesoba (73.2%) sakuTari<br />
informirebulobis xarisxs, saSualo ganaTlebis sferoSi mimdinare<br />
reformebis <strong>Sesaxeb</strong>, afasebs, rogorc `sakmariss~. sruli<br />
informaciis flobaze pretenzias mxolod 17.4% acxadebs. <strong>maswavlebelTa</strong><br />
Soris yoveli meaTe aRiarebs, rom mwiri informacia<br />
gaaCnia mimdinare reformebze (ix. diagrama #1):<br />
39
diagrama #1<br />
ramdenad sruli informacia gaqvT bolo wlebSi<br />
saSualo ganaTlebis sferoSi mimdinare reformebis<br />
<strong>Sesaxeb</strong><br />
maqvs<br />
sakmarisi<br />
informacia<br />
73.2%<br />
maqvs sruli<br />
informacia<br />
17.4%<br />
informacia<br />
saerTod<br />
ar maqvs<br />
0.1%<br />
maqvs mwiri<br />
informacia<br />
9.3%<br />
pe<strong>da</strong>gogTa aseve gamokveTili umravlesobis (70.7%) ganwyoba,<br />
saerTo jamSi,gatarebuli reformebis mimarT <strong>da</strong>debiTia: maTi azriT,am<br />
reformebma xeli Seuwyo saSualo ganaTlebis sistemis ganviTarebas<br />
saqarTveloSi. Tumca, isic aRsaniSnavia, rom pe<strong>da</strong>gogTa<br />
am nawilis umciresobas Seadgenen isini, vinc erTmniSvnelovnad<br />
<strong>da</strong>debiTad afasebs saSualo ganaTlebis reformas, anu fiqrobs,<br />
rom gatarebulma cvlilebebma mniSvnelovnad Seuwyo xeli am<br />
sferos ganviTarebas saqarTveloSi. saerTo pozitiuri Sefasebis<br />
fonze, sayuradReboa isic, rom yoveli meoTxe gamokiTxuli pe<strong>da</strong>gogi<br />
Tvlis, rom gatarebuli reformebi xels uSlis saSualo<br />
ganaTlebis sistemis ganviTarebas. (ix. diagrama #2):<br />
40
cxrili #2<br />
maswavleblebs saSualeba hqon<strong>da</strong>T, SeefasebinaT saSualo<br />
ganaTlebis sferoSi gatarebuli esa Tu is konkretuli cvlileba<br />
an RonisZieba. rogorc gamokiTxvis Sedegebi aCvenebs, pe<strong>da</strong>gogTa<br />
ganskuTrebul mxar<strong>da</strong>Weras imsaxurebs Semdegi cvlilebebi<br />
Tu RonisZiebebi:<br />
• erTiani erovnuli gamocdebis SemoReba;<br />
• erovnuli saswavlo gegmebis <strong>da</strong>nergvis treningebi;<br />
• skolis bazaze <strong>maswavlebelTa</strong> profesiuli ganviTarebis<br />
treningebi;<br />
• moswavleTa qcevis kodeqsis Seqmna;<br />
• axali erovnuli saswavlo gegmebis SemoReba.<br />
<strong>da</strong>debiTi Sefasebis velSi eqceva, agreTve:<br />
• sameurveo sabWoebis Seqmna;<br />
• axali saskolo saxelmZRvaneloebis <strong>da</strong>nergva;<br />
• moswavleTa Sefasebis wesi.<br />
pe<strong>da</strong>gogTa gamokveTilad uaryofiT Sefasebas imsaxurebs mxolod<br />
erTi cvlileba: 12 wliani saSualo ganaTlebis SemoReba.<br />
uaryofiTi Sefasebis velSi eqceva, agreTve, sagnebis trimestruli<br />
swavleba.<br />
pe<strong>da</strong>gogTa Sefasebebi gaiyo (Tumca, ramdenadme uaryofiTi aqcentiT)<br />
iseT cvlilebebTan <strong>da</strong>kavSirebiT, rogoricaa skolis<br />
direqtorTaA SerCevis axali wesi <strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>finansebis vauCerul<br />
sistemaze ga<strong>da</strong>svla.<br />
41
Sedegebi detalurad mocemulia cxrilSi #3:<br />
cxrili #3<br />
reformebis mimarT pe<strong>da</strong>gogTa pozitiuri <strong>da</strong>mokidebuleba<br />
kidev erTxel vlindeba im konkretuli cvlilebebis Sefasebisas,<br />
romelTa gatarebac axlo momavalSi igegmeba. kerZod, laparakia<br />
or mniSvnelovan cvlilebaze:<br />
I cvlileba: ara zoga<strong>da</strong>d bakalavriatisa <strong>da</strong> magistraturis,<br />
aramed mxolod ganaTlebis bakalavriatis <strong>da</strong> ganaTlebis magistraturis<br />
kurs<strong>da</strong>mTavrebuls SeeZleba skolaSi maswavleblad<br />
muSaobis <strong>da</strong>wyeba;<br />
II cvlileba: ganaTlebis bakalavriatis kurs<strong>da</strong>mTavrebuls<br />
SeeZleba aswavlos mxolod <strong>da</strong>wyebiT klasebSi (I-VI klasi),xolo<br />
ZiriTad <strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>mamTavrebel klasebSi _ mxolod ganaTlebis magistraturis<br />
kurs<strong>da</strong>mTavrebuls.<br />
rogorc gamokiTxvis Sedegebi aCvenebs, <strong>maswavlebelTa</strong> umravlesobas<br />
orive cvlilebis gatareba gamarTlebulad miaCnia. Tumca,<br />
gasaTvaliswinebelia isic, rom, sul mcire, yoveli mesame maswavlebeli<br />
met-naklebad gaumarTleblad miiCnevs <strong>maswavlebelTa</strong><br />
kategoriul <strong>da</strong>yofas <strong>da</strong>wyebiTi <strong>da</strong> ara<strong>da</strong>wyebiTi klasebis pe<strong>da</strong>gogebad.<br />
1 pe<strong>da</strong>gogTa 4.0% acxadebs, rom aRniSnuli treningebi ar gauvlia.<br />
2 pe<strong>da</strong>gogTa 11.7% acxadebs, rom aRniSnuli treningebi ar gauvlia.<br />
42
Sedegebi detalurad mocemulia cxrilSi #4:<br />
cxrili #4<br />
43
II. <strong>da</strong>mokidebuleba <strong>maswavlebelTa</strong> sertificirebis<br />
mimarT<br />
2.1. sertificirebis zogadi Sefaseba <strong>da</strong> informirebulobis<br />
xarisxi<br />
gamokiTxvis Sedegebi aCvenebs, rom <strong>maswavlebelTa</strong> 2010 wlisTvis<br />
<strong>da</strong>gegmili sertificirebis 3 , rogorc saSualo ganaTlebis<br />
mimdinare reformis erT-erTi etapis, mimarT <strong>maswavlebelTa</strong><br />
<strong>da</strong>mokidebuleba araerTgvarovania. Tu pe<strong>da</strong>gogTa Tvalsazriss<br />
mTlianobaSi SevafasebT, SeiZleba iTqvas, rom respondentTa didi<br />
umravlesoba (TiTqmis 80%-mde), zoga<strong>da</strong>d, sertificirebis momxrea.<br />
Tumca, pe<strong>da</strong>gogTa am nawilSi ganwyoba, ZiriTa<strong>da</strong>d, or gansxvavebul<br />
pozicias Soris nawildeba: erTi poziciis Tanaxmad, <strong>maswavlebelTa</strong><br />
sertificireba 2010 wlisTvis drouli <strong>da</strong> aucilebelia,<br />
xolo,pe<strong>da</strong>gogTa meore,ufro didi nawilis azriT,sertificireba<br />
<strong>saWiro</strong>a, oRond, ara am etapze.<br />
sertificirebis mimarT kategoriulad uaryofiT <strong>da</strong>mokidebulebas<br />
amJRavnebs TiTqmis yoveli mexuTe gamokiTxuli pe<strong>da</strong>gogi.<br />
Sedegebi detalurad ix. diagramaze #2:<br />
diagrama #2<br />
rogoria Tqveni <strong>da</strong>mokidebuleba <strong>maswavlebelTa</strong><br />
sertificirebis (2010 wlisTvis) mimarT<br />
<strong>maswavlebelTa</strong><br />
serTificireba 2010<br />
wlisTvis<br />
<strong>da</strong>gvianebulia<br />
6%<br />
<strong>maswavlebelTa</strong><br />
serTificireba 2010<br />
wlisTvis drouli<br />
<strong>da</strong> aucilebelia<br />
33%<br />
<strong>maswavlebelTa</strong><br />
serTificireba<br />
<strong>saWiro</strong>a, oRond ara<br />
am etapze<br />
40%<br />
<strong>maswavlebelTa</strong><br />
serTificirebis<br />
<strong>saWiro</strong>ebas saerTod<br />
ver vxe<strong>da</strong>v<br />
19%<br />
miWirs pasuxis gacema<br />
4%<br />
3 rogorc cnobilia, saqarTvelos ganaTlebisa <strong>da</strong> mecnierebis saministro 2010 wels iwyebs <strong>maswavlebelTa</strong><br />
sertificirebas. 2010-<strong>da</strong>n 2014 wlis CaTvliT, sertificireba iqneba nebayoflobiTi,<br />
xolo Semdeg _ savaldebulo. amasTan, maswavleblebs eZlevaT SesaZlebloba, ramdenjerme gavidnen<br />
gamocdebze.<br />
44
pe<strong>da</strong>gogTa poziciebi erTmaneTs <strong>da</strong>Sor<strong>da</strong> im sakiTxSic, Tu<br />
ramdenad srulyofil informacias floben isini sertificirebasTan<br />
<strong>da</strong>kavSirebuli iseTi sakiTxebis <strong>Sesaxeb</strong>, rogoricaa sertificirebis<br />
vadebi, kriteriumebis <strong>da</strong> a.S. gamokiTxvis SedegebSi<br />
ori urierTgamomricxavi Sefaseba prevalirebs: a) `maqvs met-naklebad<br />
sruli informacia~ <strong>da</strong> b) `maqvs mwiri informacia~<br />
(ix. diagrama #3):<br />
diagrama #2<br />
ramdenad sruli informacia gaqvT imis <strong>Sesaxeb</strong>, Tu<br />
rogor un<strong>da</strong> Catardes <strong>maswavlebelTa</strong> sertificireba<br />
maqvs metnaklebad<br />
sruli<br />
informacia<br />
42%<br />
maqvs mwiri<br />
informacia<br />
44%<br />
maqvs<br />
amomwuravi<br />
informacia<br />
5%<br />
miWirs<br />
pasuxis gacema<br />
1%<br />
informacia<br />
saerTod ar<br />
maqvs<br />
8%<br />
2.2. sertificirebis procesSi monawileoba<br />
apireben Tu ara maswavleblebi sertificirebis procesSi<br />
monawileobas gamokiTxvis Sedegebi aCvenebs, rom pe<strong>da</strong>gogTa didi<br />
umravlesobis (86.3%)monawileobisTvis aris ganwyobili, Tumca,<br />
maTgan mxolod <strong>da</strong>axloebiT naxevars aqvs myarad ga<strong>da</strong>wyvetili,<br />
miiRos monawileoba (`aucileblad miviReb monawileobas~). aRsaniSnavia,<br />
rom <strong>maswavlebelTa</strong> mTel korpusSi mxolod 1.0% aRmoCn<strong>da</strong><br />
iseTi, vinc uari ganacxa<strong>da</strong> sertificirebaSi monawileobaze.<br />
<strong>da</strong>matebiT kidev 6.4% armonawileobisaken ixreba.<br />
45
Sedegebi detalurad ix. diagramaze #4:<br />
diagrama #4<br />
miiRebT Tu ara monawileobas sertificirebis<br />
procesSi<br />
aucileblad<br />
miviReb<br />
monawileobas<br />
45.7%<br />
albaT,<br />
miviReb<br />
monawileobas<br />
40.6%<br />
jer ar<br />
ga<strong>da</strong>miwyvetia<br />
6.3%<br />
ar miviReb<br />
monawileobas<br />
1.0%<br />
albaT, ar<br />
miviReb<br />
monawileobas<br />
6.4%<br />
<strong>maswavlebelTa</strong> is mcire nawili (7.4%), romelmac uaryofiTi<br />
<strong>da</strong>mokidebuleba gamoxata sertificirebis procesSi monawileobaze,<br />
ZiriTad mizezad imas asaxelebs, rom gamocdebis Cabarebis<br />
moTxovna maTTvis Seuracxmyofelia. <strong>da</strong>saxelebulia sxva obieqturi<br />
(mag. `ise<strong>da</strong>c vapireb skolis <strong>da</strong>tovebas~) Tu subieqturi<br />
(mag. `ar maqvs imedi, rom gamocdebi samarTlianad Catardeba~)<br />
mizezebic. Tumca, am azrs imdenad cota pe<strong>da</strong>gogi iziarebs, rom<br />
misi generalizeba SeuZlebelia (ix. cxrili #5):<br />
cxrili #5<br />
46
SeniSvna: cxrilSi monacemebi <strong>da</strong>Tvlilia pe<strong>da</strong>gogTa mTeli<br />
SerCevi<strong>da</strong>n; amasTan, respondentebs SeeZloT <strong>da</strong>esaxelebinaT er-<br />
Tze meti mizezi (amitom, pasuxTa jami 7.4%-s aWarbebs).<br />
ramdenad myaria pe<strong>da</strong>gogTa erTi nawilis uari sertificirebis<br />
procesSi monawileobasTan <strong>da</strong>kavSirebiT gamokiTxvis Sedegebi<br />
aCvenebs, rom <strong>maswavlebelTa</strong> im jgufi<strong>da</strong>n (7.4%), romelic<br />
uaryofiTa<strong>da</strong>a ganwyobili sertificirebisadmi,yoveli mesame aRiarebs,rom<br />
<strong>mosalodneli</strong>a,Seicvalos pozicia <strong>da</strong> gavides sasertifikacio<br />
gamocdebze. am SesaZleblobas ar miesalmeba aRniSnuli<br />
kategoriis respondentTa Uumravlesoba (56.0%, rac mTeli SerCevisaTvis<br />
4.1%-ia), Tumca, maT Sorisac ki ufro mcire nawils Seadgenen<br />
isini, vinc ga<strong>da</strong>wyvetilad pasuxobs, rom pozicias ar Seicvlis<br />
<strong>da</strong> ar miiRebs monawileobas sertificirebis procesSi. es<br />
nawili pe<strong>da</strong>gogTa saerTo SerCevisaTvis 1.6%-s Seadgens. amdenad,<br />
gamokiTxvis monacemebiT irkveva, rom dRes <strong>da</strong>saqmebul pe<strong>da</strong>gogTa<br />
mxolod 1.6% ambobs uars sasertifikacio gamocdebis Cabarebaze<br />
<strong>da</strong>, uares SemTxvevaSi, es ricxvi SeiZleba 4.2%-mde gaizardos<br />
(ix. diagrama #5):<br />
diagrama #5<br />
ramdenad <strong>mosalodneli</strong>a, rom SeicvaloT pozicia<br />
<strong>da</strong> miiRoT monawileoba sasertifikacio gamocdebSi<br />
3.0%<br />
2.5%<br />
2.6%<br />
2.0%<br />
1.5%<br />
1.7%<br />
1.6%<br />
1.0%<br />
0.9%<br />
0.6%<br />
0.5%<br />
0.0%<br />
savsebiT<br />
<strong>mosalodneli</strong>a<br />
ufro<br />
<strong>mosalodneli</strong>a,<br />
vidre ara<br />
ufro ar aris<br />
<strong>mosalodneli</strong>,<br />
vidre ki<br />
ar aris<br />
<strong>mosalodneli</strong><br />
miWirs pasuxis<br />
gacema<br />
47
SeniSvna: am SekiTxvas pasuxobs pe<strong>da</strong>gogTa 7.4%,vinc uaryofiTa<strong>da</strong>a<br />
ganwyobili sertificirebis procesSi monawileobisaTvis.<br />
sertificirebis mimarT negatiurad ganwyobil pe<strong>da</strong>gogTa is<br />
nawili (5.2%), romelic ar gamoricxavs, rom SeiZleba pozicia Seicvalos,<br />
sertificirebaSi monawileobis mTavar pirobad ayenebs<br />
imas, rom gamocdebi Catardes iseTi testebiT, romelTa Sinaarsi<br />
ganisazRvreba im sagniTa <strong>da</strong> klasiT, romelsac aswavlian. ramdenadme<br />
gasaTvaliswinebel pirobas warmoadgens, agreTve, sertificirebis<br />
gavlis Semdeg realuri privilegiebis miniWeba. <strong>da</strong>nar-<br />
Ceni pirobebis xvedriTi wili umniSvneloa (ix. cxrili #6):<br />
cxrili #6<br />
SeniSvna: am SekiTxvas pasuxobs pe<strong>da</strong>gogTa 5.2%, vinc ar gamoricxavs,<br />
rom SeiZleba Seicvalos pozicia <strong>da</strong> miiRos monawileoba<br />
sasertifikacio gamocdebSi. amasTan, respondentebs SeeZloT, <strong>da</strong>esaxelebinaT<br />
erTze meti piroba (amitom, pasuxTa jami 5.2%-s aWarbebs).<br />
pe<strong>da</strong>gogTa im didi umravlesobi<strong>da</strong>n (86.3%), vinc sasertifikacio<br />
gamocdebis Cabarebas apirebs, ZiriTadi nawili (44.6%) amas<br />
2010 wlisTvis gegmavs. sainteresoa, rom sakmaod did raodenobas<br />
(30%-mde) uWirs <strong>da</strong>asaxelos is weli, rodesac sasertifikacio<br />
gamocdebze gava (ix. diagrama #6):<br />
48
diagrama #6<br />
romel wels apirebT sertificirebis gavlas<br />
2010 wels<br />
38.4%<br />
44.6%<br />
2011 wels<br />
2012 wels<br />
2013 wels<br />
2014 wels<br />
miWirs pasuxis<br />
gacema<br />
5.9%<br />
5.1%<br />
8.3%<br />
7.2%<br />
2.8%<br />
2.4%<br />
8.8%<br />
7.5%<br />
% vinc apirebs Caabaros<br />
saserTifikacio gamocdebi<br />
% mTeli SerCevi<strong>da</strong>n<br />
29.6%<br />
25.7%<br />
SeniSvna: pirvel svetSi Sedegebi <strong>da</strong>Tvlilia <strong>maswavlebelTa</strong><br />
im raodenobi<strong>da</strong>n, romelic apirebs (`aucileblad~ an `albaT~)<br />
Caabaros sasertifikacio gamocdebi (aseTia 86.3%); xolo, meore<br />
svetSi monacemebi <strong>da</strong>Tvlilia pe<strong>da</strong>gogTa mTeli SerCevi<strong>da</strong>n.<br />
is, rom saqarTvelos <strong>maswavlebelTa</strong> ZiriTadi nawili ganwyobilia<br />
sertificirebis procesSi monawileobisaTvis, imiTac <strong>da</strong>sturdeba,<br />
rom isini apireben xelmeored gavidnen gamocdebze, Tu<br />
maTi pirveli <strong>da</strong> Semdegi mcdelobac warumateblad <strong>da</strong>mTavr<strong>da</strong><br />
(ix. diagramebi ##7,8):<br />
49
diagrama #7<br />
Tu mox<strong>da</strong> ise, rom sertificirebis pirveli<br />
mcdeloba TqvenTvis warumateblad <strong>da</strong>srul<strong>da</strong>,<br />
apirebT Tu ara xelmeored CaabaroT gamocdebi<br />
vapireb<br />
83.1%<br />
miWirs<br />
pasuxis<br />
gacema<br />
8.8%<br />
ar vapireb<br />
8.1%<br />
SeniSvna: Sedegebi <strong>da</strong>Tvlilia <strong>maswavlebelTa</strong> mTeli SerCevis<br />
im raodenobi<strong>da</strong>n, romelic apirebs, Caabaros sasertifikacio<br />
gamocdebi (aseTia 86.3%).<br />
50
diagrama #8<br />
Tu mox<strong>da</strong> ise, rom sertificirebis meore mcdelobac<br />
TqvenTvis warumateblad <strong>da</strong>srul<strong>da</strong>, apirebT Tu ara<br />
kidev gaxvideT gamocdebze<br />
vapireb<br />
77.4%<br />
miWirs<br />
pasuxis<br />
gacema<br />
9.7%<br />
ar vapireb<br />
12.9%<br />
SeniSvna: Sedegebi <strong>da</strong>Tvlilia <strong>maswavlebelTa</strong> im raodenobi<strong>da</strong>n,<br />
romelic apirebs, xelmeored gavides sasertifikacio gamocdebze<br />
im SemTxvevaSi,Tu misi pirveli mcdeloba warumateblad <strong>da</strong>srul<strong>da</strong><br />
(aseTia 83.1% <strong>maswavlebelTa</strong> mTeli SerCevis im raodenobi<strong>da</strong>n,<br />
romelic, saerTod, apirebs, Caabaros sasertifikacio gamocdebi).<br />
rogor afaseben sasertifikacio gamocdebisaTvis sakuTar SesaZleblobebs<br />
maswavleblebi (imis gaTvaliswinebiT, rom maTi SesaZleblobebi<br />
obieqturad Sefasdeba) rogorc gamokiTxvis Sedegebi<br />
aCvenebs, gamocdebis verCabarebis (anu, konkursSi vergasvlis)<br />
SiSi pe<strong>da</strong>gogTa Zalze mcire raodenobas awuxebs. sertificirebaSi<br />
monawileobis msurveli pe<strong>da</strong>gogebi ZiriTa<strong>da</strong>d or, TiTqmis<br />
51
Tanabar kategoriad iyofian: a) isini,vinc fiqroben,rom gamocdebs<br />
uproblemod Caabareben, radgan maTi kvalifikacia maRalia <strong>da</strong> b)<br />
isini, vinc fiqroben, rom gamocdebs im SemTxvevaSi Caabareben, Tu<br />
amisaTvis <strong>da</strong>matebiT seriozulad moemzadebian.<br />
Sedegebi detalurad ix. cxrilSi #7:<br />
cxrili #7<br />
SeniSvna: pirvel svetSi Sedegebi <strong>da</strong>Tvlilia <strong>maswavlebelTa</strong><br />
mTeli SerCevis im raodenobi<strong>da</strong>n, vinc apirebs, Caabaros sasertifikacio<br />
gamocdebi (aseTia 86.3%).<br />
rogorc gamokiTxvis sxva Sedegebi aCvenebs, <strong>maswavlebelTa</strong><br />
mier sakuTari Sansebis Sefaseba praqtikulad emTxveva maTive<br />
skolis <strong>maswavlebelTa</strong> saerTo SesaZleblobebis Sefasebas, saserTifikacio<br />
gamocdebis warmatebiT CabarebasTan <strong>da</strong>kavSirebiT.<br />
kerZod, respondnetTa didi umravlesoba miiCnevs, rom maTi skolis<br />
<strong>maswavlebelTa</strong> arsebuli Semadgenlobis TiTqmis 73.0% SeZlebs<br />
sertificirebis warmatebiT gavlas (ix. cxrili #8):<br />
cxrili #8<br />
52
is, rom pe<strong>da</strong>gogebs sakmaod maRali warmodgena aqvT sakuTari<br />
kolegebis kvalifikaciaze, gamokiTxvis sxva monacemebiTac <strong>da</strong>sturdeba.<br />
respondentTa gamokveTili umravlesoba (60%-ze meti)<br />
maTi skolis <strong>maswavlebelTa</strong> kvalifikacias afasebs, rogorc `sa-<br />
Sualoze maRals~, 15% ki _ rogorc `Zalze maRals~. praqtikulad<br />
aravin miuTiTebs pe<strong>da</strong>gogTa Tun<strong>da</strong>c saSualoze <strong>da</strong>bal kvalifikaciaze<br />
(ix. diagrama #9):<br />
diagrama #9<br />
rogor SeafasebdiT <strong>maswavlebelTa</strong> kvalifikaciis<br />
dones Tqvens skolaSi<br />
70%<br />
61.2%<br />
60%<br />
50%<br />
40%<br />
30%<br />
20%<br />
15.2%<br />
20.5%<br />
10%<br />
0%<br />
Zalze<br />
maRalia<br />
saSualoze<br />
maRalia<br />
saSualoa<br />
0.5%<br />
saSualoze<br />
<strong>da</strong>balia<br />
0%<br />
Zalze<br />
<strong>da</strong>balia<br />
2.6%<br />
miWirs<br />
pasuxis<br />
gacema<br />
rac Seexeba pe<strong>da</strong>gogTa molodins imasTan <strong>da</strong>kavSirebiT, Tu<br />
ramdenad samarTlianad Catardeba sasertifikacio gamocdebi,<br />
gamokiTxva sakmaod optimistur Sedegebs aCvenebs: sertificirebis<br />
met-naklebad samarTlianad Catarebis molodini aqvs <strong>maswavlebelTa</strong><br />
gamokveTil umravlesobas (64.8%). met-nakleb usamarTlobas,<br />
am mimarTulebiT, respondentTaAgacilebiT naklebi<br />
raodenoba _ 16.0% _ elodeba. amasTan, TiTqmis yovel mexuTe pe<strong>da</strong>gogs<br />
uWirs, Seafasos sertificirebis samarTlianobis xarisxi<br />
(ix. diagrama #10):<br />
53
diagrama #10<br />
rogor fiqrobT, samarTlianad Catardeba Tu ara<br />
<strong>maswavlebelTa</strong> sasertifikacio gamocdebi<br />
samarTlianad<br />
Catardeba<br />
21.5%<br />
64.8 %<br />
ufro<br />
samarTlianad<br />
Catardeba,<br />
vidre<br />
usamarTlod<br />
43.3%<br />
miWirs pasuxis<br />
gacema<br />
19.1%<br />
usamarTlod<br />
Catardeba<br />
3.6%<br />
16.0 %<br />
ufro<br />
usamarTlod<br />
Catardeba,<br />
vidre<br />
samarTlianad<br />
12.4%<br />
pe<strong>da</strong>gogTa poziciebi ramdenime nawilad gaiyo im sakiTxTan<br />
<strong>da</strong>kavSirebiT, Tu vin un<strong>da</strong> Caataros sasertifikacio gamocdebi.<br />
yvelaze meti momxre hyavs pozicias, rom gamocdebis Catareba uzrunvelyos<br />
Tavad skolis direqciam. gamokveTili mxar<strong>da</strong>mWerebi<br />
hyavs sxva instituciebsac: ganaTlebis saministros resurs-centrebi<br />
<strong>da</strong> gamocdebis erovnuli centri. rogorc Cans, es sakiTxi<br />
<strong>maswavlebelTa</strong> arsebuli korpusis segregacias iwvevs<br />
(ix. diagrama #11):<br />
54
diagrama #11<br />
vin un<strong>da</strong> Caataros <strong>maswavlebelTa</strong> sasertifikacio<br />
gamocdebi<br />
ganaTlebis<br />
saministros<br />
resurs-centrebma<br />
26.0%<br />
ucxoelma<br />
<strong>da</strong>moukidebelma<br />
eqspertebma<br />
6.9%<br />
gamocdebis<br />
erovnulma<br />
centrma<br />
25.7%<br />
Tavad skolis<br />
direqciam<br />
35.4%<br />
sxva<br />
0.4%<br />
miWirs pasuxis<br />
gacema<br />
5.6%<br />
sertificirebasTan <strong>da</strong>kavSirebuli mosazrebebi<br />
gamokiTxvam gamokveTa pe<strong>da</strong>gogTa poziciebi iseT sakiTxebTan<br />
<strong>da</strong>kavSirebiT, rogoricaa:<br />
• sertificireba _ savaldebulo moTxovna, Tu pe<strong>da</strong>gogis<br />
nebayoflobiTi arCevani<br />
• sertificirebis gavla, rogorc maswavleblis skolaSi<br />
<strong>da</strong>rCenis mTavari piroba Tu alternatiuli midgomebis Sesa-<br />
Zlebloba<br />
• sertificireba, rogorc maswavleblebisTvis realuri<br />
privilegiebis miniWebis safuZveli, Tu _ misi profesionalizmis<br />
simboluri demonstrireba<br />
55
aRniSnul sakiTxebTan <strong>da</strong>kavSirebiT,<strong>maswavlebelTa</strong>AgamokveTili<br />
umravlesoba Semdeg midgomas emxroba: a) sertificireba un<strong>da</strong><br />
iyos mxolod nebayoflobiTi; b) im pe<strong>da</strong>gogebs, romlebic ver<br />
Caabareben gamocdebs, un<strong>da</strong> SeeZloT skolaSi <strong>da</strong>rCena Sesabamisi<br />
vakansiis Seuvseblobis SemTxvevaSi; g) sertificirebul maswavleblebs<br />
un<strong>da</strong> mieniWoT garkveuli privilegiebi (mag. gaezardoT<br />
xelfasi).<br />
gamokiTxvis Sedegebi ufro detalurad mocemulia cxrilSi #9:<br />
cxrili #9<br />
56
III. maswavleblobis upiratesobebi <strong>da</strong> skolaSi<br />
muSaobis alternativa<br />
skolaSi maswavleblad muSaobis upiratesobebi<br />
pe<strong>da</strong>gogebma skolaSi muSaobis yvelaze did upiratesobad CaTvales<br />
bavSvebTan/axalgazrdebTan muSaobis SesaZlebloba. mniSvnelovan<br />
upiratesobebad CaiTvala, agreTve, stabiluri samuSaos<br />
<strong>da</strong> meti Tavisufali drois qona ojaxisaTvis.<br />
57
detalurad Sedegebi ix. cxrilSi #10:<br />
cxrili #10<br />
gamokiTxva aCvenebs, rom maswavleblebi, erTi mxriv, sakuTari<br />
profesiis prestiJs icaven, xolo, meore mxriv, ar isurvebdnen<br />
maTi ojaxis wevrisTvis skolaSi muSaobas. kerZod, maswavlebel-<br />
Ta gamokveTili umravlesoba (60.1%) miiCnevs, rom maswavlebloba<br />
sapatio profesiaa, romelsac a<strong>da</strong>mianebi Segnebulad irCeven;<br />
yoveli meore gamokiTxuli maswavlebeli imasac eTanxmeba, rom<br />
maswavleblad muSaobas swavlaSi warCinebuli studentebi iwyeben.<br />
Tumca, rodesac saqme arCevanze midgeba, pe<strong>da</strong>gogebi TavianTi<br />
axloblebisaTvis sxva samsaxurSi <strong>da</strong>saqmebas isurveben. cxadia,<br />
aseT disonanss respondentTa mosazrebebsa <strong>da</strong> praqtikul rekomen<strong>da</strong>ciebs<br />
Soris Tavisi mizezebi moeZebneba, romlebic, SesaZloa,<br />
saSualo ganaTlebis winaSe mdgari problemebiT iyos gamowveuli<br />
(amaze cota qvemoT iqneba saubari).<br />
58
ufro detalurad <strong>maswavlebelTa</strong> ganwyobebi pe<strong>da</strong>gogis profesiis<br />
Taviseburebebis <strong>Sesaxeb</strong> ix. cxrilSi #:11:<br />
cxrili #11<br />
skolaSi maswavleblad muSaobis alternativa<br />
rogorc gamokiTxvis Sedegebi aCvenebs, anazRaurebis faqtori<br />
Zalze mniSvnelovania imisaTvis, rom maswavleblebma alternatiul<br />
samsaxurze (samsaxuris gamocvlaze) ifiqron. igive anaz-<br />
RaurebiT sxva samsaxuris SeTavazebis SemTxvevaSi,<strong>maswavlebelTa</strong><br />
umravlesoba myarad icavs Tavis statuss <strong>da</strong> ar apirebs Seelios<br />
maswavleblobas. pe<strong>da</strong>gogTa mxolod Zalze mcire raodenoba gamoicvli<strong>da</strong><br />
siamovnebiT samsaxurs imave anazRaurebis pirobebSic<br />
ki. viTareba arsebiTad icvleba maSin, rodesac respondentebs<br />
sTavazoben ukeTesad anazRaurebad sxva iseT samsaxurs, romelic<br />
maT interesebsac pasuxobs. am SemTxvevaSi,yoveli meoTxe pe<strong>da</strong>gogi<br />
(24.4%) samsaxuris gamocvlas upirobod Tanxmdeba, xolo, <strong>da</strong>matebiT,<br />
yoveli mesame (32.5%) _ samsaxuris Secvlisaken ixreba.<br />
59
gamokiTxvam gamoavlina erTgul pe<strong>da</strong>gogTa is nawili, romelic<br />
maswavleblobas arcerT sxva samsaxurSi ar gacvli<strong>da</strong>, Tun<strong>da</strong>c<br />
ukeTesi anazRaurebis SeTavazebis sanacvlod. aseTia pe<strong>da</strong>gogTa<br />
mTeli SerCevis meoTxedi (24.8%).<br />
aRniSnul sakiTxze gamokiTxvis Sedegebi detalurad mocemulia<br />
diagramebze ##12,13:<br />
diagrama #12<br />
<strong>da</strong>TanxmdebodiT Tu ara met-naklebad saintereso<br />
samsaxurs igive anazRaurebiT<br />
albaT, ar<br />
<strong>da</strong>vTanxmdebo<br />
di<br />
31.2%<br />
araviTar<br />
SemTxvevaSi ar<br />
<strong>da</strong>vTanxmdebo<br />
di<br />
52.6%<br />
albaT,<br />
<strong>da</strong>vTanxmdebo<br />
di<br />
7.7%<br />
aucileblad<br />
<strong>da</strong>vTanxmdebo<br />
di<br />
3.6%<br />
miWirs pasuxis<br />
gacema<br />
4.9%<br />
60
diagrama #13<br />
<strong>da</strong>TanxmdebodiT Tu ara met-naklebad saintereso<br />
samsaxurs ukeT es i anazRaurebiT<br />
albaT,<br />
<strong>da</strong>vTanxmdebo<br />
di<br />
32.5%<br />
araviTar<br />
SemTxvevaSi ar<br />
<strong>da</strong>vTanxmdebo<br />
di<br />
24.8%<br />
aucileblad<br />
<strong>da</strong>vTanxmdebo<br />
di<br />
24.4%<br />
miWirs pasuxis<br />
gacema<br />
6.1%<br />
albaT, ar<br />
<strong>da</strong>vTanxmdebo<br />
di<br />
12.2%<br />
diagramaTa monacemebi kidev erT saintereso Sedegs iZleva:<br />
jamSi, im <strong>maswavlebelTa</strong> xvedriTi wili, romlebic sxva samsaxur-<br />
Si ga<strong>da</strong>svlas (imave,an ukeTesi anazRaurebis pirobebSi),sul cota,<br />
ar gamoricxaven mainc, 47.4%-ia, rodesac laparakia imave anazRaurebiT<br />
sxva samsaxuris <strong>da</strong>wyebaze, <strong>da</strong> _ 75.2%, rodesac laparakia<br />
ukeTes anazRaurebaze.<br />
<strong>maswavlebelTa</strong> am nawilma, gamokiTxvis procesSi, gansazRvra:<br />
a) is minimaluri anazRaureba, romelic maTTvis iqnebo<strong>da</strong><br />
skolaSi maswavleblad <strong>da</strong>rCenis sakmarisi piroba;<br />
b) anazRaurebis is raodenoba, romlis SemTxvevaSic <strong>da</strong>-<br />
Tanxmdebodnen skolis <strong>da</strong>tovebas <strong>da</strong> sxva samsaxurSi ga<strong>da</strong>svlas.<br />
61
ogorc gamokiTxvis Sedegebi aCvenebs,minimaluri anazRaureba,<br />
romlebsac maswavleblebi skolaSi <strong>da</strong>rCenisTvis asaxeleben, Tve-<br />
Si saSualod 690 laria (minimaluri anazRaurebis es moculoba<br />
<strong>da</strong>axloebiT oTxjer metia, vidre dRes arsebuli minimaluri xelfasi<br />
_ 170 lari TveSi). sxva samsaxurSi ga<strong>da</strong>svlis `safasuri~<br />
gacilebiT Zviria _ TveSi saSualod 1100 lari.<br />
gamokiTxvis zusti Sedegebi mocemulia cxrilebSi ##12; 13; 14:<br />
cxrili #12<br />
SeniSvna: monacemebi <strong>da</strong>Tvlilia <strong>maswavlebelTa</strong> im raodenobi<strong>da</strong>n,<br />
romelmac SekiTxvaze: `<strong>da</strong>TanxmdebodiT Tu ara sxva samsaxurs<br />
ukeTesi anazRaurebiT~ gasca nebismieri pasuxi, gar<strong>da</strong><br />
erTisa: `araviTar SemTxvevaSi ar <strong>da</strong>vTanxmdebodi~.<br />
cxrili #13<br />
SeniSvna: monacemebi <strong>da</strong>Tvlilia <strong>maswavlebelTa</strong> im raodenobi<strong>da</strong>n,<br />
romelmac SekiTxvaze: `<strong>da</strong>TanxmdebodiT Tu ara sxva samsaxurs<br />
ukeTesi anazRaurebiT~ gasca nebismieri pasuxi, gar<strong>da</strong><br />
erTisa: `araviTar SemTxvevaSi ar <strong>da</strong>vTanxmdebodi~.<br />
62
aRniSnuli monacemebiT irkveva, rom, 700 lariani minimaluri<br />
anazRaureba sakmarisia imisaTvis, rom dRes momuSave <strong>maswavlebelTa</strong><br />
60.7%-ma, vinc, sul cota, ar gamoricxavs, rom, SeTavazebis<br />
SemTxvevaSi, sxva samsaxurSi ga<strong>da</strong>va, sakuTari Sromis ukugeba<br />
adekvaturad CaTvalos <strong>da</strong> gauCndes motivacia skolaSi <strong>da</strong>rCenisTvis.<br />
skolaSi <strong>da</strong>rCenisTvis minimaluri anazRaurebis,iseve rogorc<br />
sxva samsaxurSi ga<strong>da</strong>svlisTvis sakmarisi anazRaurebis monacemebi,<br />
SesaZlebelia, warmovadginoT finansuri intervalebis saxiT<br />
_ imaze miTiTebiT, Tu <strong>maswavlebelTa</strong> ra nawilisTvisaa sakmarisi<br />
esa Tu is finansuri anazRaureba skolaSi <strong>da</strong>sarCenad,an sxva samsaxurSi<br />
ga<strong>da</strong>sasvlelad (ix. diagramebi ##14;15):<br />
diagrama #14<br />
minimaluri anazRaureba skolaSi <strong>da</strong>sarCenad<br />
120%<br />
32%<br />
35%<br />
100%<br />
100%<br />
30%<br />
80%<br />
93%<br />
25%<br />
60%<br />
50%<br />
19%<br />
60%<br />
67%<br />
76% 76%<br />
17%<br />
20%<br />
15%<br />
40%<br />
20%<br />
0%<br />
10%<br />
2%<br />
1%<br />
200<br />
laramde<br />
maswavleblebi<br />
5%<br />
8% 8%<br />
200-300<br />
lari<br />
5%<br />
18%<br />
301-400<br />
lari<br />
401-500<br />
lari<br />
6%<br />
10%<br />
501-600<br />
lari<br />
4%<br />
7%<br />
601-700<br />
lari<br />
6%<br />
9%<br />
701-800<br />
lari<br />
1%<br />
0.4%<br />
801-900<br />
lari<br />
10%<br />
901-1000<br />
lari<br />
4%<br />
7%<br />
1000<br />
lari <strong>da</strong><br />
meti<br />
10%<br />
5%<br />
0%<br />
63
SeniSvnebi:<br />
1. wiTel svetebSi mocemulia im <strong>maswavlebelTa</strong> procentuli<br />
raodenobebi,romlebmac SekiTxvaze: „ra aris is minimaluri<br />
anazRaureba, romelic TqvenTvis skolaSi maswavleblad <strong>da</strong>r-<br />
Cenis sakmarisi piroba iqnebo<strong>da</strong>“ _ <strong>da</strong>asaxeles gansazRvruli<br />
Tanxa (aseTia <strong>maswavlebelTa</strong> saerTo SerCevis 60.7%).<br />
2. lurj svetebSi im <strong>maswavlebelTa</strong> raodenoba, romlebmac<br />
gansazRvruli Tanxa <strong>da</strong>asaxeles skolaSi <strong>da</strong>rCenisTvis,<br />
warmodgenilia, rogorc calke erToblioba (100%) <strong>da</strong> pasuxebi<br />
ga<strong>da</strong>nawilebulia am erTobliobis SigniT.<br />
3. rux svetebze aRniSnuli procentebi aRwers <strong>maswavlebelTa</strong><br />
im jamur moculobas, romelic skolaSi <strong>da</strong>rCeba, Sesabamisi<br />
finansuri anazRaurebis SemTxvevaSi.<br />
diagrama #15<br />
sxva samsaxurSi ga<strong>da</strong>svlisTvis sakmarisi anazRaureba<br />
120%<br />
32%<br />
35%<br />
100%<br />
100%<br />
30%<br />
80%<br />
20%<br />
79%<br />
21%<br />
25%<br />
20%<br />
60%<br />
40%<br />
20%<br />
0%<br />
5%<br />
2%<br />
3%<br />
0.4% 2%<br />
0.2%<br />
2%1%<br />
200<br />
laramde<br />
maswavleblebi<br />
200-300<br />
lari<br />
301-400<br />
lari<br />
17%<br />
8%<br />
13%<br />
401-500<br />
lari<br />
5%<br />
26%<br />
8%<br />
501-600<br />
lari<br />
34%<br />
5%<br />
8%<br />
601-700<br />
lari<br />
46%<br />
7%<br />
12%<br />
701-800<br />
lari<br />
47%<br />
2%<br />
1%<br />
801-900<br />
lari<br />
901-1000<br />
lari<br />
13%<br />
1000<br />
lari <strong>da</strong><br />
meti<br />
15%<br />
10%<br />
5%<br />
0%<br />
64
SeniSvnebi:<br />
1. wiTel svetebSi mocemulia im <strong>maswavlebelTa</strong> procentuli<br />
raodenobebi, romlebmac SekiTxvaze: „ra anazRaurebis<br />
SemTxvevaSi <strong>da</strong>TanxmdebodiT sxva samsaxurSi ga<strong>da</strong>svlas“ _<br />
gansazRvruli Tanxa <strong>da</strong>asaxeles (aseTia <strong>maswavlebelTa</strong> saer-<br />
To SerCevis 62.5%).<br />
2. lurj svetebSi im <strong>maswavlebelTa</strong> raodenoba, romlebmac<br />
gansazRvruli Tanxa <strong>da</strong>asaxeles sxva samsaxurSi ga<strong>da</strong>svlisTvis,<br />
warmodgenilia, rogorc calke erToblioba (100%) <strong>da</strong><br />
pasuxebi ga<strong>da</strong>nawilebulia am erTobliobis SigniT.<br />
3. rux svetebze aRniSnuli procentebi aRwers <strong>maswavlebelTa</strong><br />
im jamur moculobas, romelic, Sesabamisi finansuri<br />
anazRaurebis SemTxvevaSi, sxva samsaxurSi wamsvlelia.<br />
minimaluri anazRaurebis <strong>Sesaxeb</strong> <strong>maswavlebelTa</strong> Tvalsazrisi<br />
korelaciaSia respondentTa mTeli SerCevis mier maswavleblis<br />
saSualo anazRaurebis gansazRvrasTan _ esaa, sruli ganakveTisaTvis<br />
<strong>da</strong>axloebiT 760 lari TveSi. rogorc Cans, minimalur <strong>da</strong><br />
saSualo xelfass Soris sxvaoba <strong>da</strong>axloebiT 70 laria<br />
(ix. cxrili #14):<br />
cxrili #14<br />
saSualo anazRaurebis <strong>Sesaxeb</strong> <strong>maswavlebelTa</strong> mosazrebebi<br />
SesaZlebelia, agreTve, warmovadginoT finansuri intervalebis<br />
saxiT _ imaze miTiTebiT, Tu <strong>maswavlebelTa</strong> ra jamuri nawilisTvisaa<br />
sakmarisi saSualo anazRaurebis esa Tu is finansuri moculoba<br />
(ix. diagrama #16):<br />
65
120%<br />
maswavleblis saSualo anazRaureba sruli ganakveTisaTvis<br />
diagrama #16<br />
35%<br />
100%<br />
30%<br />
28%<br />
100%<br />
30%<br />
80%<br />
91%<br />
20%<br />
25%<br />
70%<br />
71%<br />
19%<br />
20%<br />
60%<br />
40%<br />
20%<br />
0%<br />
0.3%<br />
0.2%<br />
200<br />
laramde<br />
4%<br />
maswavleblebi<br />
4%<br />
4%<br />
200-300<br />
lari<br />
11%<br />
40%<br />
6%<br />
6%<br />
301-400<br />
lari<br />
401-500<br />
lari<br />
51% 58%<br />
11%<br />
11%<br />
501-600<br />
lari<br />
7%<br />
7%<br />
601-700<br />
lari<br />
11%<br />
11%<br />
701-800<br />
lari<br />
2%<br />
1.6%<br />
801-900<br />
lari<br />
901-1000<br />
lari<br />
9%<br />
9%<br />
1000<br />
lari <strong>da</strong><br />
meti<br />
15%<br />
10%<br />
5%<br />
0%<br />
SeniSvnebi:<br />
66<br />
1. wiTel svetebSi mocemulia im <strong>maswavlebelTa</strong> procentuli<br />
raodenobebi, romlebmac SekiTxvaze: „ramdeni un<strong>da</strong> iyos<br />
maswavleblis saSualo anazRaureba sruli ganakveTisaTvis“<br />
_ <strong>da</strong>asaxeles gansazRvruli Tanxa (aseTia <strong>maswavlebelTa</strong><br />
saerTo SerCevis 94.9%).<br />
2. lurj svetebSi im <strong>maswavlebelTa</strong> raodenoba, romlebmac<br />
gansazRvruli Tanxa <strong>da</strong>asaxeles, warmodgenilia, rogorc<br />
calke erToblioba (100%) <strong>da</strong> pasuxebi ga<strong>da</strong>nawilebulia am<br />
erTobliobis SigniT.<br />
3. rux svetebze aRniSnuli procentebi aRwers <strong>maswavlebelTa</strong><br />
im saerTo moculobas, romlis warmodgenac saSualo<br />
anazRaurebis <strong>Sesaxeb</strong> Tavsdeba Sesabamis finansur interval-<br />
Si.
skolaSi <strong>da</strong>rCenis survili<br />
dRes skolaSi <strong>da</strong>saqmebul <strong>maswavlebelTa</strong> did umravlesobas<br />
surs skolaSi <strong>da</strong>rCena. saqarTveloSi arsebuli umuSevrobis<br />
masStabebis gaTvaliswinebiT, es Sedegi savsebiT bunebrivia<br />
(ix. diagrama #17):<br />
diagrama #17<br />
gsurT Tu ara, dResdReobiT, skolaSi <strong>da</strong>rCena<br />
diax, msurs<br />
86.4%<br />
miWirs pasuxis<br />
gacema<br />
8.7%<br />
ara, ar msurs<br />
4.9%<br />
pe<strong>da</strong>gogTa 70%-s met-naklebad Camoyalibebuli pozicia aqvs<br />
imasTan <strong>da</strong>kavSirebiTac, Tu ramden xanSi <strong>da</strong>anebebs Tavs maswavleblobas.<br />
rogorc gamokiTxvis Sedegebi aCvenebs, uaxloes 10<br />
weliwadSi <strong>maswavlebelTa</strong> <strong>da</strong>axloebiT meoTxedi (25.3%) apirebs<br />
skoli<strong>da</strong>n wasvlas. amasTan, 10 wlian periodSi, skoli<strong>da</strong>n wamsvlelTa<br />
proporciebi calkeul wlebs Soris TiTqmis Tanabrad<br />
nawildeba. es niSnavs, rom aRniSnul periodSi, <strong>maswavlebelTa</strong><br />
67
kadrebis gadinebis TvalsazrisiT, raime koliziebs ar un<strong>da</strong> velodoT.<br />
pe<strong>da</strong>gogTa ZiriTadi nawili (45.5%) skoli<strong>da</strong>n wasvlas 10 welze<br />
ufro gvian gegmavs. un<strong>da</strong> aRiniSnos isic, rom respondentTa sakmaod<br />
did raodenobas gauWir<strong>da</strong> imis gansazRvra, Tu rodis wava<br />
skoli<strong>da</strong>n (ix. diagrama #18):<br />
diagrama #18<br />
ramden xanSi <strong>da</strong>anebebT Tavs maswavleblobas<br />
ufro gvian<br />
45.5%<br />
10.9%<br />
1-<strong>da</strong>n 10<br />
wlamde<br />
25.2%<br />
miWirs<br />
asuxis gacema<br />
29.2%<br />
4.3%<br />
1.2%<br />
1.1%<br />
1.4% 1.2%<br />
1.9%<br />
1.5%<br />
1.3%<br />
0.4%<br />
2009<br />
wels<br />
2010<br />
wels<br />
2011<br />
wels<br />
2012<br />
wels<br />
2013<br />
wels<br />
2014<br />
wels<br />
2015<br />
wels<br />
2016<br />
wels<br />
2017<br />
wels<br />
2018<br />
wels<br />
kvlevis Sedegad gamoikveTa is ZiriTadi mizezebi, ris gamoc<br />
pe<strong>da</strong>gogebi, uaxloes 10 wlian periodSi, skoli<strong>da</strong>n wasvlas apireben:<br />
a) pensiaSi gasvla;<br />
b) <strong>da</strong>bali anazRaureba.<br />
68<br />
mizezebis CamonaTvali detalurad mocemulia cxrilSi #15:
cxrili #15<br />
regionebis WrilSi ganxiluli monacemebi aCvenebs,rom uaxloes<br />
10 weliwadSi skolis <strong>da</strong>tovebas guriisa <strong>da</strong> kaxeTis regionebis<br />
yoveli mesame maswavlebeli apirebs. skoli<strong>da</strong>n wamsvlel pe<strong>da</strong>gogTa<br />
xvedriTi wili, sxva regionebTan Se<strong>da</strong>rebiT, mniSvnelovnad<br />
klebulobs raWa-leCxumi/qvemo svaneTisa <strong>da</strong> samcxe-javaxeTis regionebis<br />
<strong>maswavlebelTa</strong> Soris (ix. diagrama #19):<br />
diagrama #19<br />
skoli<strong>da</strong>n wamsvlel pe<strong>da</strong>gogTa raodenoba<br />
TiToeul regionSi<br />
(momavali 10 wlis ganmavlobaSi)<br />
Tbilisi<br />
28.1<br />
kaxeTi<br />
32.7<br />
Si<strong>da</strong> qarTli<br />
qvemo qarTli<br />
samegrelo/zemo svaneTi<br />
aWara<br />
25.0<br />
25.4<br />
23.9<br />
21.4<br />
guria<br />
33.1<br />
imereTi<br />
25.8<br />
raWa-leCx./qv. svaneTi<br />
samcxe-javaxeTi<br />
11.8<br />
11.4<br />
mcxeTa-mTianeTi<br />
24.7<br />
69
ogorc <strong>mosalodneli</strong> iyo, momavali 10 wlis ganmavlobaSi<br />
skoli<strong>da</strong>n wamsvlel pe<strong>da</strong>gogTa Soris yvelaze did jgufs Seadgenen<br />
56 wlis <strong>da</strong> ufrosi asakis maswavleblebi, xolo yvelaze<br />
mcirericxovan jgufs _ 36 wlamde pe<strong>da</strong>gogebi (ix. diagrama #20):<br />
diagrama #20<br />
skoli<strong>da</strong>n wamsvlel pe<strong>da</strong>gogTa<br />
ganawileba asakis mixedviT<br />
(momavali 10 wlis ganmavlobaSi) 40.8%<br />
24.7%<br />
10.7% 11.3% 12.4%<br />
35 wlis<br />
CaTvliT<br />
36-42 wlis 43-48 wlis 49-55 wlis 56 wlis <strong>da</strong><br />
ufrosi<br />
70
ac Seexeba imas, Tu romeli sagnis maswavleblebi apireben<br />
ufro metad skolis <strong>da</strong>tovebas 10 wlis periodSi, <strong>kvleva</strong>m aCvena,<br />
rom yoveli meore xazvis maswavlebeli amas apirebs (Tumca, isic<br />
un<strong>da</strong> gaviTvaliswinoT, rom xazvis <strong>maswavlebelTa</strong> xvedriTi wili<br />
saerTo SerCevaSi Zalze mcirea _ 0.1%). sxva sagnebis <strong>maswavlebelTa</strong>A<br />
Soris gamoirCevian, agreTve, fizikisa <strong>da</strong> xatvis maswavleblebi:<br />
TiTqmis yoveli mesame skoli<strong>da</strong>n wasvlas gegmavs (ix.<br />
diagrama #21):<br />
diagrama #21<br />
skoli<strong>da</strong>n wamsvlel pe<strong>da</strong>gogTa<br />
xvedriTi wili sagnebis mixedviT<br />
(momavali 10 wlis ganmavlobaSi)<br />
xazva<br />
fizika<br />
xatva<br />
maTematika<br />
mSobliuri ena <strong>da</strong> literatura<br />
rusuli<br />
qimia<br />
asazogadoebaT-mcodneoba<br />
meore ucxo ena<br />
geografia<br />
biologia<br />
istoria<br />
Sroma<br />
<strong>da</strong>wyebiTi<br />
fizikuri aRzr<strong>da</strong><br />
astronomia<br />
musika<br />
sxva<br />
informatika<br />
6.2%<br />
31.9%<br />
31.1%<br />
28.2%<br />
28.2%<br />
27.6%<br />
27.1%<br />
26.6%<br />
25.9%<br />
25.2%<br />
24.0%<br />
22.9%<br />
22.9%<br />
22.3%<br />
21.9%<br />
21.3%<br />
20.2%<br />
15.1%<br />
53.3%<br />
71
IV. saSualo ganaTlebis sferoSi arsebuli<br />
problemebi<br />
im problemebs Soris, romlebic, rogorc zoga<strong>da</strong>d saSualo<br />
ganaTlebis sferos, ise konkretulad saSualo skolebis winaSe<br />
dgas, pe<strong>da</strong>gogebi erTmniSvnelovnad <strong>da</strong> upiratesad miuTiTeben<br />
<strong>da</strong>bali xelfasebis arsebobaze. es problema didi SualediT aRemateba<br />
<strong>da</strong>narCeni problemebis reitings.<br />
skolebis winaSe arsebul problemebs Soris ikveTeba mwiri<br />
materialur-teqnikuri bazis problema. sagulisxmoa,rom am problemaze,<br />
rogorc zoga<strong>da</strong>d saSualo ganaTlebis sferos naklze,<br />
pe<strong>da</strong>gogTa gacilebiT naklebi raodenoba miuTiTebs. aq uTuod<br />
igrZnoba PR kampaniis kvali: xSirad xdeba apelireba imaze, rom<br />
saSualo skolebis materialur-tenikuri baza saqarTveloSi<br />
mniSvnelovnad gaumjobes<strong>da</strong>. Sesabamisad, maswavleblebi fiqroben,<br />
rom aRniSnuli bazis simwire aris ara tipuri problema, aramed<br />
_ mxolod calkeuli skolebis <strong>da</strong>, maT Soris, maTi skolisac.<br />
aRniSvnis Rirsia, agreTve, respondentTa mier iseTi problemebis<br />
win wamoweva, rogoricaa moswavleTa <strong>da</strong>bali motivacia swavlisaTvis,<br />
skolebSi disciplinis moSla <strong>da</strong> sxv.<br />
problemaTa reitingebi mocemulia cxrilSi #20:<br />
74
cxrili #20<br />
maswavleblebis gamokveTil umravlesobas sjera,rom uaxloes<br />
wlebSi <strong>da</strong>saxelebuli prolemebis nawili ga<strong>da</strong>iWreba. ukiduresad<br />
optimisturi („yvela problema ga<strong>da</strong>iWreba“), iseve rogorc<br />
pesimisturi prognozebis („viTareba ar Seicvleba“ <strong>da</strong> „viTareba<br />
gauaresdeba“) xvedriTi wili sakmaod <strong>da</strong>balia<br />
(ix. diagrama #22):<br />
75
diagrama #22<br />
moxdeba Tu ara problemebis ga<strong>da</strong>Wra uaxloes<br />
wlebSi<br />
yvela problema<br />
ga<strong>da</strong>iWreba<br />
15.0%<br />
problemebis<br />
nawili ga<strong>da</strong>iWreba<br />
67.8%<br />
viTareba ar<br />
Seicvleba<br />
10.1%<br />
problemebi<br />
gaRrmavdeba <strong>da</strong><br />
viTareba<br />
gauaresdeba<br />
1.9%<br />
miWirs pasuxis<br />
gacema<br />
5.1%<br />
aris Tu ara zemoaRniSnuli problemebi ufro metad sajaro,<br />
Tu kerZo skolebisTvis <strong>da</strong>maxasiaTebli <strong>da</strong> iwvevs Tu ara es<br />
problemebi maT Soris, swavlebis xarisxis TvalsazrisiT, mniSvnelovan<br />
gansxvavebas rogorc gamokiTxvis Sedegebi aCvenebs,<strong>maswavlebelTa</strong><br />
Tvalsazrisi am sakiTxis garSemo erTmaneTs Sordeba:<br />
Se<strong>da</strong>rebiT ufro didi nawili (37.8%) Tvlis, rom swavlebis<br />
xarisxi <strong>da</strong>axloebiT Tanabaria orive tipis skolebSi. gansxvavebul<br />
poziciazea pe<strong>da</strong>gogTa ori sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva jgufi, romlebic upiratesobas<br />
an sajaro skolas aZleven, an _ kerZos (ix. diagrama<br />
#23):<br />
76
diagrama #23<br />
Tu Seva<strong>da</strong>rebT, sad ufro maRalia swavlebis<br />
xarisxi - sajaro Tu kerZo skolebSi<br />
kerZo skolebSi<br />
ufro maRalia,<br />
vidre sajaro<br />
skolebSi<br />
22%<br />
sajaro skolebSi<br />
ufro maRalia,<br />
vidre kerZo<br />
skolebSi<br />
28%<br />
<strong>da</strong>axloebiT<br />
Tanabaria rogorc<br />
kerZo, ise sajaro<br />
skolebSi<br />
38%<br />
miWirs pasuxis gacema<br />
12%<br />
77
ZiriTadi Sedegebi <strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>skvnebi<br />
saSualo ganaTlebis sferoSi gatarebuli reformebis mimarT<br />
pe<strong>da</strong>gogTa gamokveTili umravlesoba (70.7%) <strong>da</strong>debiTa<strong>da</strong>a ganwyobili<br />
<strong>da</strong> miiCnevs, rom am reformebma, saerTo jamSi, xeli Seuwyo<br />
saSualo ganaTlebis sistemis ganviTarebas saqarTveloSi.<br />
<strong>maswavlebelTa</strong> gansakuTrebul mxar<strong>da</strong>Weras imsaxurebs Semdegi<br />
reformistuli cvlilebebi: erTiani erovnuli gamocdebis<br />
SemoReba; erovnuli saswavlo gegmebis <strong>da</strong>nergvis treningebi; skolis<br />
bazaze <strong>maswavlebelTa</strong> profesiuli ganviTarebis treningebi;<br />
moswavleTa qcevis kodeqsis Seqmna; axali erovnuli saswavlo<br />
gegmebis SemoReba.<br />
pe<strong>da</strong>gogTa gamokveTilad uaryofiT Sefasebas imsaxurebs mxolod<br />
erTi cvlileba: 12 wliani saSualo ganaTlebis SemoReba.<br />
uaryofiTi Sefasebis velSi eqceva sagnebis trimestruli swavlebac.<br />
pe<strong>da</strong>gogTa Sefasebebi erTmaneTs <strong>da</strong>Sor<strong>da</strong> (gaiyo) iseT cvlilebebTan<br />
<strong>da</strong>kavSirebiT,rogoricaa skolis direqtorTaA SerCevis<br />
axali wesi <strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>finansebis vauCerul sistemaze ga<strong>da</strong>svla.<br />
pe<strong>da</strong>gogebi, ZiriTa<strong>da</strong>d, gamarTlebulad miiCneven momavalSi<br />
<strong>da</strong>gegmil cvlilebebs, romelTa Tanaxma<strong>da</strong>c: a) skolaSi maswavleblad<br />
muSaobis <strong>da</strong>wyeba SeeZlebaT mxolod ganaTlebis bakalavriatis<br />
<strong>da</strong> magistraturis kurs<strong>da</strong>mTavrebulebs <strong>da</strong> b) bakalavrs<br />
SeeZleba aswavlos mxolod <strong>da</strong>wyebiT klasebSi, xolo magistrs<br />
_ mxolod ZiriTad <strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>mamTavrebel klasebSi. Tumca, am ukanasknel<br />
(b) moTxovnas pe<strong>da</strong>gogTa mesamedze meti ar miesalmeba.<br />
2010 wlisTvis <strong>da</strong>gegmili sertificirebis mimarT <strong>maswavlebelTa</strong><br />
<strong>da</strong>mokidebuleba araerTgvarovania. Sefasebebi gaiyo ara<br />
sertificirebis principul <strong>saWiro</strong>ebasTan, aramed imasTan <strong>da</strong>kav-<br />
SirebiT,Tu rodisaa mizanSewonili misi Catareba: pe<strong>da</strong>gogTa erTi<br />
nawili miiCnevs,rom <strong>maswavlebelTa</strong> sertificireba 2010 wlisTvis<br />
drouli <strong>da</strong> aucilebelia, xolo, meore, ufro didi nawilis azriT,<br />
<strong>maswavlebelTa</strong> sertificireba <strong>saWiro</strong>a, oRond, ara am etapze,<br />
aramed ufro gvian.<br />
78
sagulisxmoa, rom sertificirebis mimarT kategoriulad<br />
uaryofiT <strong>da</strong>mokidebulebas amJRavnebs TiTqmis yoveli mexuTe<br />
gamokiTxuli pe<strong>da</strong>gogi.<br />
pe<strong>da</strong>gogTa poziciebi erTmaneTs <strong>da</strong>Sor<strong>da</strong> im sakiTxSic, Tu<br />
ramdenad srulyofil informacias floben isini sertificirebis<br />
vadebis, kriteriumebis <strong>da</strong> a.S. <strong>Sesaxeb</strong>. aq ori sapirispiro Sefaseba<br />
ikveTeba: a) `maqvs met-naklebad sruli informacia~ <strong>da</strong> b)<br />
`maqvs mwiri informacia~.<br />
myari ga<strong>da</strong>wyvetileba sasertifikacio gamocdebSi monawileobisTvis<br />
miRebuli aqvs pe<strong>da</strong>gogTa 45.7%-s. Tumca, kidev 40.6% ganwyobilia<br />
monawileobisaTvis (`albaT miviReb monawileobas~).<br />
rogorc gamokiTxvis Sedegebi aCvenebs,dRes <strong>da</strong>saqmebul pe<strong>da</strong>gogTa<br />
mxolod 1.6% ambobs uars sasertifikacio gamocdebis Cabarebaze<br />
<strong>da</strong>, uares SemTxvevaSi, es ricxvi SeiZleba 4.1%-mde gaizardos.<br />
sertificirebaSi monawileobaze uaris ZiriTad mizezad pe<strong>da</strong>gogebi<br />
imas asaxeleben, rom gamocdebis Cabarebis moTxovna maT-<br />
Tvis Seuracxmyofelia.<br />
sertificirebis mimarT negatiurad ganwyobil pe<strong>da</strong>gogTa is<br />
nawili (5.2%), romelic ar gamoricxavs, rom SeiZleba pozicia<br />
Seicvalos, mTavar pirobad ayenebs imas, rom gamocdebi Catardes<br />
iseTi testebiT, romelTa Sinaarsi ganisazRvreba im sagniTa <strong>da</strong><br />
klasiT, romelsac isini aswavlian.<br />
pe<strong>da</strong>gogTa ZiriTadi nawili (38.4%) sertificirebis gamocdebze<br />
gasvlas 2010 wlisTvis gegmavs. yovel meoTxe pe<strong>da</strong>gogs<br />
uWirs, <strong>da</strong>asaxelos is weli, rodesac gamocdebs Caabarebs. aRsani-<br />
Snavia, rom <strong>maswavlebelTa</strong> didi umravlesoba sertificirebaSi<br />
monawileobas im SemTxvevaSic gegmavs, Tu pirveli <strong>da</strong> meore mcdelobac<br />
warumateblad <strong>da</strong>mTavr<strong>da</strong>.<br />
sertificirebis met-naklebad samarTlianad Catarebis molodini<br />
aqvs <strong>maswavlebelTa</strong> gamokveTil umravlesobas (64.8%). metnakleb<br />
usamarTlobas, am mimarTulebiT, respondentTaAgacilebiT<br />
naklebi raodenoba _ 16.0% elodeba. amasTan, TiTqmis yovel mexuTe<br />
pe<strong>da</strong>gogs uWirs, Seafasos sertificirebis samarTlianobis<br />
xarisxi.<br />
79
sasertifikacio gamocdebis verCabarebis SiSi pe<strong>da</strong>gogTa Zalze<br />
mcire raodenobas awuxebs (3.2%). sertificirebaSi monawileobis<br />
msurveli pe<strong>da</strong>gogebi ZiriTa<strong>da</strong>d or, TiTqmis Tanabar kategoriad<br />
iyofian: a) isini, vinc fiqroben, rom gamocdebs uproblemod<br />
Caabareben, radgan maTi kvalifikacia maRalia <strong>da</strong> b) isini, vinc<br />
fiqroben, rom gamocdebs im SemTxvevaSi Caabareben, Tu amisaTvis<br />
<strong>da</strong>matebiT moemzadebian.<br />
pe<strong>da</strong>gogTa poziciebi ramdenime nawilad gaiyo im sakiTxTan<br />
<strong>da</strong>kavSirebiT, Tu vin un<strong>da</strong> Caataros sasertifikacio gamocdebi.<br />
yvelaze meti momxre hyavs pozicias, rom gamocdebis Catareba uzrunvelyos<br />
Tavad skolis direqciam. gamokveTili mxar<strong>da</strong>mWerebi<br />
hyavs sxva instituciebsac: ganaTlebis saministros resurs-centrebi<br />
<strong>da</strong> gamocdebis erovnuli centri.<br />
gamoikveTa pe<strong>da</strong>gogTa midgoma sertificirebasTan <strong>da</strong>kavSirebul<br />
sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva sakiTxis mimarT: a) sertificireba un<strong>da</strong> iyos mxolod<br />
nebayoflobiTi; b) im pe<strong>da</strong>gogebs, romlebic ver Caabareben<br />
gamocdebs, un<strong>da</strong> SeeZloT skolaSi <strong>da</strong>rCena Sesabamisi vakansiis<br />
Seuvseblobis SemTxvevaSi; g) sertificirebul maswavleblebs<br />
un<strong>da</strong> mieniWoT garkveuli privilegiebi (mag. gaezardoT xelfasi).<br />
skolaSi muSaobis mTavar upiratesobad maswavleblebi bavSvebTan/axalgazrdebTan<br />
muSaobis SesaZleblobas miiCneven. mniSvnelovan<br />
upiratesobebad CaiTvala, agreTve, stabiluri samuSaos<br />
<strong>da</strong> meti Tavisufali drois qona ojaxisaTvis.<br />
<strong>kvleva</strong>m aCvena, rom maswavleblis profesis `idealuri~ (araempiriuli)<br />
tipi ewinaaRmdegeba respondentTa warmodgenas am profesiis<br />
empiriuli Rirebulebis <strong>Sesaxeb</strong>. respondentebi,erTi mxriv,<br />
Tvlian, rom pe<strong>da</strong>gogoba sapatio profesiaa <strong>da</strong> mas ara xelmocaruli,<br />
aramed warmatebuli a<strong>da</strong>mianebi irCeven. Tumca, meore mxriv,<br />
pe<strong>da</strong>gogebs ar surT, rom maTi ojaxis wevrma muSaoba skolis<br />
maswavleblad <strong>da</strong>iwyos. amis mizezi un<strong>da</strong> veZeboT im problemebSi,<br />
rac dRes saSualo ganaTlebis sistemis <strong>da</strong>,konkretulad,skolebis<br />
winaSe dgas. am problemebs Soris, gamokiTxvis SedegebiT, umwvavesia<br />
<strong>da</strong>bali xelfasebis problema. ikveTeba,agreTve,skolebis<br />
materialur-teqnikuri bazis simwire. aRniSvnis Rirsia respondentTa<br />
mier iseTi problemebis win wamowevac, rogoricaa moswavleTa<br />
<strong>da</strong>bali motivacia swavlisaTvis, skolebSi disciplinis<br />
moSla <strong>da</strong> sxv.<br />
80
maswavleblebis gamokveTil umravlesobas sjera,rom uaxloes<br />
wlebSi <strong>da</strong>saxelebuli prolemebis nawili ga<strong>da</strong>iWreba. ukiduresad<br />
optimisturi, iseve rogorc pesimisturi prognozebis xvedri-<br />
Ti wili sakmaod <strong>da</strong>balia.<br />
rogorc gamokiTxvis Sedegebi aCvenebs, anazRaurebis faqtori<br />
Zalze mniSvnelovania imisaTvis, rom maswavleblebma alternatiul<br />
samsaxurze (samsaxuris gamocvlaze) ifiqron. igive anaz-<br />
RaurebiT sxva samsaxuris SeTavazebis SemTxvevaSi, maswavlebel-<br />
Ta umravlesoba (sul mcire, 52.6%) ar apirebs skolis <strong>da</strong>Tmobas.<br />
viTareba arsebiTad icvleba maSin, rodesac respondentebs sTavazoben<br />
ukeTesad anazRaurebad sxva iseT samsaxurs, romelic maT<br />
interesebsac pasuxobs. am SemTxvevaSi, yoveli meoTxe pe<strong>da</strong>gogi<br />
(24.4%) samsaxuris gamocvlas upirobod Tanxmdeba, xolo <strong>da</strong>matebiT,<br />
yoveli mesame (32.5%) _ samsaxuris Secvlisaken ixreba.<br />
jamSi, im <strong>maswavlebelTa</strong> xvedriTi wili, romlebic sxva samsaxurSi<br />
ga<strong>da</strong>svlas (imave, an ukeTesi anazRaurebis pirobebSi),<br />
sul cota, ar gamoricxaven mainc, 47.4%-ia, rodesac laparakia imave<br />
anazRaurebiT sxva samsaxuris <strong>da</strong>wyebaze, <strong>da</strong> _ 75.2%, rodesac<br />
laparakia ukeTes anazRaurebaze.<br />
gamokiTxvam gamoavlina erTgul pe<strong>da</strong>gogTa is nawili _ TiTqmis<br />
25%, anu yoveli meoTxe pe<strong>da</strong>gogi _ romelic maswavleblobas arcerT<br />
sxva samsaxurSi ar gacvli<strong>da</strong>, Tun<strong>da</strong>c ukeTesi anazRaurebis<br />
SeTavazebis sanacvlod.<br />
is maswavleblebi, romlebic, sul cota, ar gamoricxaven,<br />
rom ukeTesi anazRaurebis pirobebSi skolas <strong>da</strong>toveben (aseTia,<br />
rogorc iTqva,75.2%),asaxeleben minimalur anazRaurebas skolaSi<br />
<strong>da</strong>rCenisTvis _ esaa, <strong>da</strong>axloebiT, 690 lari TveSi. sxva samsaxurSi<br />
ga<strong>da</strong>svlisTvis finansuri piroba gacilebiT Zviria _ saSualod<br />
1100 lari TveSi.<br />
amrigad, 700 lariani minimaluri anazRaureba sakmarisia imisaTvis,<br />
rom dRes momuSave <strong>maswavlebelTa</strong> 60.7%-ma, vinc, sul cota,<br />
ar gamoricxavs, rom SeTavazebis SemTxvevaSi sxva samsaxurSi ga<strong>da</strong>va,<br />
sakuTari Sromis ukugeba adekvaturad CaTvalos <strong>da</strong> gauCndes<br />
motivacia skolaSi <strong>da</strong>rCenisTvis (yovel SemTxveaSi, <strong>da</strong>rCeba<br />
manam, vidre ar gamouCndeba sxva, minimum 1100 lariani samsaxuri<br />
TveSi).<br />
81
maswavleblis sasurveli minimaluri xelfasi korelaciaSia<br />
maswavleblis sasurvel saSualo anazRaurebasTan _ esaa <strong>da</strong>axloebiT<br />
760 lari TveSi sruli ganakveTisaTvis (rogorc Cans,<br />
minimalur <strong>da</strong> saSualo xelfass Soris sxvaoba <strong>da</strong>axloebiT 70<br />
laria).<br />
dRes skolaSi <strong>da</strong>saqmebul <strong>maswavlebelTa</strong> 86.4%-s surs skolaSi<br />
<strong>da</strong>rCena. pe<strong>da</strong>gogTa 70%-s met-naklebad Camoyalibebuli<br />
pozicia aqvs imasTan <strong>da</strong>kavSirebiTac, Tu ramden xanSi <strong>da</strong>anebebs<br />
Tavs maswavleblobas. pe<strong>da</strong>gogTa ZiriTadi nawili (45.5%) skoli<strong>da</strong>n<br />
wasvlas 10 welze ufro gvian gegmavs. uaxloes 10 weliwadSi<br />
<strong>maswavlebelTa</strong> <strong>da</strong>axloebiT meoTxedi (25.3%) apirebs skolis<br />
<strong>da</strong>tovebas. amasTan, 10 wlian periodSi, skoli<strong>da</strong>n wamsvlelTa<br />
proporciebi calkeul wlebs Soris TiTqmis Tanabrad nawildeba<br />
(weliwadSi saSualod 2.5%). es niSnavs, rom aRniSnul periodSi,<br />
<strong>maswavlebelTa</strong> kadrebis gadinebis TvalsazrisiT, raime koliziebs<br />
ar un<strong>da</strong> velodoT.<br />
pensiaSi gasvla <strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>bali anazRaureba <strong>da</strong>saxelebulia im<br />
ZiriTad mizezebad, ris gamoc pe<strong>da</strong>gogebi, uaxloes aTwlian periodSi,<br />
skoli<strong>da</strong>n wasvlas apireben.<br />
82
<strong>maswavlebelTa</strong> <strong>mosalodneli</strong> nakadis <strong>kvleva</strong>:<br />
saqarTvelos umaRlesi saswavleblebis studentTa <strong>da</strong> kurs<strong>da</strong>mTavrebulTa<br />
gamokiTxvis Sedegebi<br />
kvlevis meTodologia<br />
gamokvlevis ZiriTadi mizani iyo <strong>maswavlebelTa</strong> <strong>mosalodneli</strong><br />
nakadis <strong>kvleva</strong> potenciur samizne jgufebSi, anu umaRlesi<br />
saswavleblebis ramdeni studentisa <strong>da</strong> kurs<strong>da</strong>mTavrebulis mozidvaa<br />
<strong>mosalodneli</strong> skolaSi maswavleblad.<br />
gamokvlevis tipi: erovnuli SerCevis raodenobrivi <strong>kvleva</strong>.<br />
kvlevis meTodi: pirispir interviu.<br />
kvlevis instrumenti _ kiTxvari, romelic moicav<strong>da</strong> Ria, <strong>da</strong>xurul<br />
<strong>da</strong> naxevrad <strong>da</strong>xurul SekiTxvebs.<br />
<strong>kvleva</strong> mimarTuli iyo or samizne jgufze:<br />
1. umaRlesi saswavleblebis (rogorc pe<strong>da</strong>gogiuri, ise arape<strong>da</strong>gogiuri<br />
profilis) studentebi;<br />
2. umaRlesi saswavleblebis (rogorc pe<strong>da</strong>gogiuri, ise arape<strong>da</strong>gogiuri<br />
profilis) kurs<strong>da</strong>mTavrebulebi.<br />
aRniSnuli jgufebi CaiTvala, rogorc <strong>da</strong>moukidebeli generaluri<br />
erTobliobebi. amdenad, reprezentatuli SerCeva aigo Ti-<br />
Toeul samizne jgufTan mimarTebaSi.<br />
83
84<br />
kvlevis ZiriTadi Temebia:<br />
• saSualo ganaTlebis sferoSi mimdinare reformebis Sefaseba;<br />
• <strong>da</strong>mokidebuleba <strong>maswavlebelTa</strong> sertificirebis mimarT;<br />
• problemebi saSualo ganaTlebis sistemaSi;<br />
• maswavleblad muSaobis upiratesobebi;<br />
• skolaSi maswavleblad muSaobis <strong>da</strong>wyebis survili; maswavleblad<br />
muSaobis <strong>da</strong>wyebis <strong>da</strong>matebiTi pirobebi; maswavlebloba<br />
versus sxva saqmianoba;<br />
• ganaTlebis magistraturis Taviseburebebis Sefaseba;<br />
ganaTlebis magistraturaSi Cabarebis survili.<br />
SerCeva:<br />
a) studentebisaTvis<br />
SerCeviTi erToblioba: saqarTvelos umaRlesi saswavleblebis<br />
is studentebi, romlebic:<br />
S1. amTavreben III kurss <strong>da</strong> 2008-09 wlebSi iqnebian bakalavriatis<br />
<strong>da</strong>mamTavre-beli (me-IV) kursis studentebi.<br />
<strong>da</strong><br />
S2. swavloben iseT specialobebze, rom potenciurad (survilisa<br />
<strong>da</strong> Sesabamisi sakvalifikacio gamocdis Cabarebis SemTxvevaSi)<br />
Sansi aqvT, gaxdnen maswavle-blebi.<br />
aseTi specialobebad miCneul iqna:<br />
• sabunebismetyvelo specialobebi: maTematika, fizika,<br />
qimia, biologia, geografia;<br />
• humanitaruli specialobebi: filologia (qarTuli,<br />
rusuli,inglisuri,germanuli,franguli,azerbaijanuli,somxuri),<br />
istoria;<br />
• fizikuri aRzr<strong>da</strong>;<br />
• musika <strong>da</strong> saxviTi xelovneba.<br />
SerCevis baza: mecnierebisa <strong>da</strong> ganaTlebis saministros mier<br />
mowodebuli studentebis baza (umaRlesi saswavleblebisa <strong>da</strong><br />
specialobebis miTiTebiT).
SerCevis moculoba: 600 <strong>da</strong>srulebuli interviu.<br />
SerCevis dizaini: orsafexuriani stratificirebuli SerCeva.<br />
bazis mixedviT, samizne (generaluri) erToblioba Seadgen<strong>da</strong><br />
3464 students.<br />
stratifikacia ganxorciel<strong>da</strong> specialobebis mixedviT. sul<br />
gamoiyo 13 strata.<br />
studentebis raodenoba, stratebis mixedviT, ase gamoiyureba<br />
(ix. cxrili #1a):<br />
cxrili #1a<br />
Tav<strong>da</strong>pirvelad SerCevis mTeli moculoba ga<strong>da</strong>nawil<strong>da</strong><br />
stratebSi, maTSi studentebis <strong>raodenobis</strong> proporciulad.<br />
SerCevis pirvelad erTeuls (klasters) warmoadgens fakulteti.<br />
TiToeul SerCeul fakultetze gamoikiTxeba 5 studenti (gar<strong>da</strong><br />
musikisa <strong>da</strong> saxviTi xelovnebis fakultetebisa, sa<strong>da</strong>c, Sesabamisad,<br />
gamoikiTxeba 2 <strong>da</strong> 3 studenti). SesarCevi fakultetebis<br />
85
aodenoba ganisazRvra strataSi Casatarebeli interviuebis 5-ze<br />
gayofiT.<br />
fakultetebis SerCeva ganxorciel<strong>da</strong> PPS (Probability Proportional<br />
to Size) meTodiT.<br />
SerCevis meorad erTeuls warmoadgens studenti.<br />
studentebis SerCeva ganxorciel<strong>da</strong> martivi SemTxveviTi Ser-<br />
Cevis saSualebiT. Sedga <strong>da</strong>matebiTi sia. im SemTxvevaSi, Tu romelime<br />
SerCeul studentTan intervius Catareba ver moxerx<strong>da</strong> (kontaqti<br />
ar Sedga an uari ganacxa<strong>da</strong> interviuze),maSin mas Caenacvla<br />
imave klasteris studenti <strong>da</strong>matebiTi sii<strong>da</strong>n.<br />
b) umaRlesi saswvleblis kurs<strong>da</strong>mTavrebulTaTvis<br />
SerCeviTi erToblioba: saqarTvelos umaRlesi saswavleblebis<br />
is kurs<strong>da</strong>mTavrebulebi, romlebmac:<br />
S1. <strong>da</strong>amTavres bakalavriati 2007 an 2008 wels.<br />
<strong>da</strong><br />
S2. swavlobdnen iseT specialobebze, rom potenciurad<br />
(survilisa <strong>da</strong> Sesabamisi sakvalifikacio gamocdis Cabarebis<br />
SemTxvevaSi) Sansi aqvT, gaxdnen maswavleblebi, magram jer ar<br />
muSaoben maswavleblad.<br />
aseT specialobebad miCneul iqna:<br />
• sabunebismetyvelo specialobebi: maTematika, fizika,<br />
qimia, biologia, geografia;<br />
• humanitaruli specialobebi: filologia (qarTuli,<br />
rusuli,inglisuri,germanuli,franguli,azerbaijanuli,somxuri),<br />
istoria;<br />
• fizikuri aRzr<strong>da</strong>;<br />
• musika <strong>da</strong> saxviTi xelovneba.<br />
SerCevis baza: mecnierebisa <strong>da</strong> ganaTlebis saministros mier<br />
mowodebuli studentebis baza (umaRlesi saswavleblebisa <strong>da</strong><br />
specialobis miTiTebiT).<br />
86
SerCevis moculoba: 400 <strong>da</strong>srulebuli interviu: 200 interviu<br />
2007 wels kurs<strong>da</strong>mTavrebulebTan <strong>da</strong> 200 interviu 2008 wels<br />
kurs<strong>da</strong>mTavrebulebTan.<br />
SerCevis dizaini: orsafexuriani stratificirebuli SerCeva.<br />
bazis mixedviT samizne erToblioba Seadgen<strong>da</strong> 19122 kurs<strong>da</strong>mTavrebuls.<br />
stratifikacia ganxorciel<strong>da</strong> specialobebis mixedviT. kurs<strong>da</strong>mTavrebulTa<br />
raodenoba stratebis mixedviT Semdegia<br />
(ix. cxrili #1b):<br />
cxrili #1b<br />
SerCeva gakeT<strong>da</strong> 2007 <strong>da</strong> 2008 wlebSi kurs<strong>da</strong>mTavrebulebisaTvis<br />
cal-calke.<br />
Tav<strong>da</strong>pirvelad SerCevis mTeli moculoba ga<strong>da</strong>nawil<strong>da</strong><br />
stratebSi, maTSi studentebis <strong>raodenobis</strong> proporciulad.<br />
SerCevis pirvelad erTeuls (klasters) warmoadgens fakulteti.<br />
TiToeul SerCeul fakultetze gamoikiTxa 5 kurs<strong>da</strong>mTavrebuli<br />
(gar<strong>da</strong> musikisa <strong>da</strong> saxviTi xelovnebis fakultetebisa, sa<strong>da</strong>c<br />
87
gamoikiTxa 2 an 3 respondenti).<br />
SesarCevi fakultetebis raodenoba ganisazRvra strataSi<br />
Casatarebeli interviuebis 5-ze gayofiT.<br />
fakultetebis SerCeva ganxorciel<strong>da</strong> PPS (Probability Proportional<br />
to Size) meTodiT.<br />
SerCevis meorad erTeuls warmoadgens studenti.<br />
respondentebis SerCeva ganxorciel<strong>da</strong> martivi SemTxveviTi<br />
SerCevis saSualebiT.<br />
Sedga <strong>da</strong>matebiTi sia. im SemTxvevaSi, Tu romelime SerCeul<br />
respondentTan intervius Catareba ver moxerx<strong>da</strong> (kontaqti ar<br />
Sedga an uari ganacxa<strong>da</strong> interviuze), maSin mas Caenacvla imave<br />
klasteris respondenti <strong>da</strong>matebiTi sii<strong>da</strong>n.<br />
sabolood, SerCevis moculobebi stratebSi Semdegnairad ga<strong>da</strong>nawil<strong>da</strong><br />
(ix. cxrili #1g):<br />
cxrili #1g<br />
SerCevis dizaini mocemulia cxrilebSi: ##2a,2b, regionebisa<br />
<strong>da</strong> umaRlesi saswavleblebis mixedviT:<br />
88
cxrili #2a<br />
cxrili #2b<br />
89
I. saSualo ganaTlebis sferoSi mimdinare reformebis<br />
Sefaseba<br />
saSualo ganaTlebis sferoSi mimdinare reformebis <strong>Sesaxeb</strong><br />
studentebisa <strong>da</strong> kurs<strong>da</strong>mTavrebulebis informirebulobis<br />
xarisxi, maTive subieqturi TviTSefasebiT, praqtikulad erTnairia<br />
_ orive jgufis umravlesoba (60%-mde) acxadebs, rom sakmaris<br />
informacias flobs reformebis <strong>Sesaxeb</strong>. saerTo jamSi, kargad<br />
informirebulTa (maTive TviTSefasebi<strong>da</strong>n gamomdinare) xvedriTi<br />
wili, orive jgufSi, mniSvnelovnad (orjer <strong>da</strong> ufro metad) sWarbobs<br />
cu<strong>da</strong>d informirebulTa xvedriT wils (ix. diagrama #1):<br />
diagrama #1<br />
ramdenad sruli informacia gaqvT bolo wlebSi<br />
saSualo ganaTlebis sferoSi mimdinare reformebis<br />
<strong>Sesaxeb</strong><br />
70<br />
60<br />
58.5<br />
59.3<br />
studentebi<br />
kurs<strong>da</strong>mTavrebulebi<br />
50<br />
40<br />
30<br />
29.6<br />
29.5<br />
20<br />
10<br />
10.2<br />
9.2<br />
1.7<br />
2.0<br />
0<br />
maqvs sruli<br />
informacia<br />
maqvs sakmarisi<br />
informacia<br />
maqvs mwiri<br />
informacia<br />
informacia<br />
saerTod ar<br />
maqvs<br />
orive samizne jgufis didi umravlesoba aRiarebs,rom gatarebulma<br />
reformebma xeli Seuwyo saSualo ganaTlebis sistemis<br />
ganviTarebas saqarTveloSi. uaryofiTad respondentTa mxolod<br />
mcire raodenoba afasebs<br />
(ix. diagrama #2):<br />
90
diagrama #2<br />
rogor imoqme<strong>da</strong> gatarebulma reformebma saSualo<br />
ganaTlebis sistemis ganviTarebaze saqarTveloSi<br />
70<br />
60<br />
55.8<br />
60.3<br />
studentebi<br />
kurs<strong>da</strong>mTavrebulebi<br />
50<br />
40<br />
30<br />
20<br />
10<br />
0<br />
16.9<br />
18.9<br />
mniSvnelovnad<br />
Seuwyo xeli<br />
ufro xeli Seuwyo,<br />
vidre SeuSala<br />
14.7<br />
10.9<br />
ufro xeli SeuSala,<br />
vidre Seuwyo<br />
3.0<br />
1.2<br />
mniSvnelovnad<br />
SeuSala xeli<br />
9.5<br />
8.7<br />
miWirs pasuxis<br />
gacema<br />
rac Seexeba bolo wlebSi ganaTlebis sferoSi gatarebuli<br />
konkretuli reformistuli cvlilebebis Sefasebas, respondent-<br />
Ta aSkara mxar<strong>da</strong>Weras (orive samizne jgufSi) imsaxurebs Semdegi<br />
cvlilebebi:<br />
• erTiani erovnuli gamocdebis SemoReba (am cvlilebas yvelaze<br />
didi mxar<strong>da</strong>Wera aqvs);<br />
• skolebSi sameurveo sabWoebis Seqmna;<br />
• skolebis <strong>da</strong>finansebis vauCerul sistemaze ga<strong>da</strong>svla.<br />
ufro <strong>da</strong>debiTi Sefasebis velSi eqceva, agreTve, skolebisaTvis<br />
axali erovnuli saswavlo gegmebis Seqmna.<br />
91
espondentTa gamokveTilad uaryofiTi Sefaseba (orive samizne<br />
jgufSi) wilad xv<strong>da</strong> 12 wliani saSualo ganaTlebis SemoRebas.<br />
uaryofiTi Sefasebis velSi eqceva skolis direqtorTa Ser-<br />
Cevis axali wesic.<br />
rogorc studentebis, ise kurs<strong>da</strong>mTavrebulebis azri gaiyo<br />
axali saskolo saxelmZRvaneloebis SefasebasTan <strong>da</strong>kavSirebiT:<br />
erT nawils es saxelmZRvaneloebi moswons, xolo meore, Se<strong>da</strong>rebiT<br />
mcire nawils _ ara.<br />
Sedegebi ufro detalurad mocemulia cxrilSi #:3:<br />
cxrili #3<br />
orive jgufis respondentebs erTmaneTisTvis un<strong>da</strong> See<strong>da</strong>rebinaT<br />
saSualo <strong>da</strong> umaRlesi ganaTlebis sferoebSi Catarebuli<br />
cvlilebebi <strong>da</strong> aReniSnaT, romeli sferos reformireba aRmoCn<strong>da</strong><br />
ufro warmatebuli. am sakiTze respondentTa poziciebi (orive<br />
jgufSi) araerTgvarovania. SeimCneva jgufebis Tvalsazrisebs<br />
Soris gansxvavebac. kerZod, yoveli mesame gamokiTxuli studenti<br />
92
miiCnevs, rom ufro warmatebuli aRmoCn<strong>da</strong> umaRlesi ganaTlebis<br />
sferoSi gatarebuli cvlilebebi. es pozicia am jgufSi ufro<br />
gamokveTilia. rac Seexeba kurs<strong>da</strong>mTavrebulebs, am pozicias imdenive<br />
momxre hyavs, ramdenic alternatiul mosazrebas, romlis<br />
Tanaxma<strong>da</strong>c, orive sferoSi gatarebuli cvlilebebi erTnairad<br />
warmatebulia. orive sferoSi cvlilebebis warumateblobaze<br />
gamokiTxulTa mxolod mcire raodenoba miuTiTebs (ix. cxrili<br />
#4):<br />
cxrili #4<br />
II. <strong>da</strong>mokidebuleba <strong>maswavlebelTa</strong> sertificirebis<br />
mimarT<br />
gamokiTxvis Sedegebi aCvenebs,rom <strong>maswavlebelTa</strong> sertificireba<br />
1 orive samizne jgufis respondentebi saSualo ganaTlebis<br />
sferoSi mimdinare reformis aucilebel etapad miiCneven. metic:<br />
gamokiTxulTa mniSvnelovani raodenoba Tvlis, rom 2010 wlisTvis<br />
sertificirebis <strong>da</strong>gegmva <strong>da</strong>gvianebulic kia. am procesis ga<strong>da</strong>debas<br />
an saerTod mis arCatarebas gamokiTxulTa mcire nawili<br />
uWers mxars (ix. diagrama #3):<br />
93
diagrama #3<br />
rogoria Tqveni <strong>da</strong>mokidebuleba <strong>maswavlebelTa</strong><br />
sertificirebis (2010 wlisTvis) mimarT<br />
serTificireba 2010<br />
wlisTvis<br />
<strong>da</strong>gvianebulia<br />
26.1<br />
31.2<br />
serTificireba 2010<br />
wlisTvis drouli<br />
<strong>da</strong> aucilebelia<br />
46.7<br />
49.9<br />
serTificireba<br />
<strong>saWiro</strong>a, oRond ara<br />
am etapze<br />
8.2<br />
10.4<br />
serTificirebis<br />
<strong>saWiro</strong>ebas saerTod<br />
ver vxe<strong>da</strong>v<br />
4.7<br />
7.4<br />
miWirs pasuxis gacema<br />
6.5<br />
8.9<br />
studentebi<br />
kurs<strong>da</strong>mTavrebulebi<br />
<strong>maswavlebelTa</strong> sertificirebis mimarT respondentTa aSkara<br />
mxar<strong>da</strong>Wera <strong>da</strong><strong>da</strong>stur<strong>da</strong> gamokiTxvis sxva monacemebiTac:<br />
• rogorc studentTa,ise kurs<strong>da</strong>mTavrebulTa gamokveTili umravlesoba<br />
miiCnevs, rom sertificireba savaldebulo un<strong>da</strong> iyos<br />
maswavleblebisTvis;<br />
• respondentTa umravlesobaSi erTsulovnebaa imasTan <strong>da</strong>kav-<br />
SirebiTac,rom sertificirebagavlil maswavleblebs mieceT privilegiebi<br />
(mag. gaezardoT xelfasi <strong>da</strong> sxv.).<br />
1 rogorc cnobilia, saqarTvelos ganaTlebisa <strong>da</strong> mecnierebis saministro 2010 wels iwyebs <strong>maswavlebelTa</strong><br />
sertificirebas. 2010-<strong>da</strong>n 2014 wlis CaTvliT, sertificireba iqneba nebayoflobiTi,<br />
xolo Semdeg _ savaldebulo. amasTan, maswavleblebs eZlevaT SesaZlebloba, ramdenjerme gavidnen<br />
gamocdebze.<br />
94
is,rasac gamokiTxulTa umravlesoba (orive jgufSi) ar eTanxmeba,<br />
esaa <strong>maswavlebelTa</strong>Tvis, Tu isini sertificirebas ver gaivlian,<br />
skolaSi muSaobis akrZalva (Tumca, aseT simkacres mainc<br />
yoveli mesame gamokiTxuli iziarebs). respondentebi ufro metad<br />
ixrebian imisken, rom sertificirebagauvlel maswavleblebs<br />
mieceT skolaSi muSaobis ufleba, Tu mocemul saganSi pe<strong>da</strong>gogis<br />
vakansia skolaSi ver Seivso.<br />
ufro detalurad Sedegebi ix. cxrilSi #5:<br />
cxrili #5<br />
95
III. saSualo ganaTlebis sistemis problemebi;<br />
maswavleblad muSaobis upiratesobebi<br />
3.1. saSualo ganaTlebis sistemis problemebi<br />
saSualo ganaTlebis sistemaSi arsebul problemebs Soris<br />
pirveli adgili uWiravs <strong>maswavlebelTa</strong> <strong>da</strong>bali anazRaurebis<br />
problemas. amaze, rogorc studentTa, ise kurs<strong>da</strong>mTavrebulTa<br />
gamokveTili umravlesoba miuTiTebs.<br />
sxva problemaTa Soris met-naklebad gamoikveTa:<br />
• skolebSi disciplinis moSla;<br />
• <strong>maswavlebelTa</strong> <strong>da</strong>bali kvalifikacia;<br />
• moswavleTa <strong>da</strong>bali motivacia swavlisaTvis;<br />
• mwiri materialur-teqnikuri baza.<br />
sainteresoa, rom kurs<strong>da</strong>mTavrebulTa jgufSi (studentebisagan<br />
gansxvavebiT) skolebSi korufciis problemis arsebobazec<br />
gaamaxviles yuradReba.<br />
problemaTa sruli CamonaTvali mocemulia cxrilSi #6:<br />
cxrili #6<br />
96
SeniSvna: respondentebs miewo<strong>da</strong>T problemebis CamonaTvali,<br />
sai<strong>da</strong>nac maT SeeZloT amoerCiaT sami, maTi azriT, yvelaze mniSvnelovani<br />
problema. swored amitom, pasuxTa procentuli jami<br />
100%-s aWarbebs.<br />
respondentebi (orive jgufSi) sakmaris optimizms amJRavneben<br />
imasTan <strong>da</strong>kavSirebiT,moxdeba Tu ara saSualo ganaTlebis winaSe<br />
mdgari zemoaRniSnuli problemebis ga<strong>da</strong>Wra uaxloes wlebSi.<br />
dominanturi pozicia am SemTxvevaSi isaa, rom uaxloes wlebSi<br />
problemebis mxolod nawilis ga<strong>da</strong>Wra moxerxdeba. ukiduresad<br />
optimistur (`uaxloes wlebSi yvela problema ga<strong>da</strong>iWreba~) <strong>da</strong>,<br />
gansakuTrebiT, pesimistur prognozebs (`viTareba ar Seicvleba~,<br />
an `viTareba gauaresdeba~) respondentebi naklebad akeTeben.<br />
(ix. diagrama #4):<br />
diagrama #4<br />
moxdeba Tu ara saSualo ganaTlebis problemebis<br />
ga<strong>da</strong>Wra uaxloes wlebSi<br />
uaxloes wlebSi yvela problema<br />
ga<strong>da</strong>iWreba<br />
14.6<br />
18.8<br />
uaxloes wlebSi problemebis nawili<br />
ga<strong>da</strong>iWreba<br />
problemebi problemebadve <strong>da</strong>rCeba<br />
<strong>da</strong> viTareba ar Seicvleba<br />
7.5<br />
6.9<br />
66.3<br />
70.7<br />
problemebi gaRrmavdeba <strong>da</strong> viTareba<br />
gauaresdeba<br />
1.0<br />
1.7<br />
miWirs pasuxis gacema<br />
6.4<br />
6.0<br />
studentebi<br />
kurs<strong>da</strong>mTavrebulebi<br />
97
3.2. maswavleblad muSaobis upiratesobebi<br />
orive samizne jgufma skolaSi maswavleblad muSaobis Ziri-<br />
Tad upiratesobebad (romelTa gamoc vinmem,SesaZloa,es profesia<br />
airCios) <strong>da</strong>asaxela:<br />
• bavSvebTan/axalgazrdebTan muSaoba;<br />
• stabiluri samuSao;<br />
• meti Tavisufali dro ojaxisaTvis.<br />
aRsaniSnavia,rom Zalze mcirea respondentTa is nawili (orive<br />
samizne jgufSi), romelic fiqrobs, rom skolaSi maswavleblad<br />
muSaobas aranairi upiratesoba ara aqvs.<br />
detalurad Sedegebi mocemulia cxrilSi #:7<br />
cxrili #7<br />
SeniSvna: respondentebs SeeZloT <strong>da</strong>esaxelebinaT ori upiratesoba;<br />
aqe<strong>da</strong>n gamomdinare, pasuxTa procentuli jami 100%-s<br />
aWarbebs.<br />
98
gamokiTxvam aCvena, rom skolis pe<strong>da</strong>gogoba, respondentTa umravlesobisaTvis,<br />
ar aris swavlaSi <strong>da</strong> saqmeSi xelmocarul-<br />
Ta `TavSesafari~. piriqiT, maTi azriT, skolaSi maswavleblobas<br />
ufro is kurs<strong>da</strong>mTavrebulebi iwyeben,vinc umaRles saswavlebel-<br />
Si gamorCeuli studenti iyo <strong>da</strong> rom maswavlebloba warmatebuli<br />
a<strong>da</strong>mianebis Segnebuli arCevania (ix. cxrili #8):<br />
cxrili #:8<br />
ismis kiTxva: aris Tu ara pe<strong>da</strong>gogobis yvela is zemoaRniSnuli<br />
xibli, razec respondentebi miuTiTeben, sakmarisi safuZveli<br />
imisTvis, rom maT sakuTari ojaxis wevrisaTvis maswavlebloba<br />
isurvon, sxva saqmianobis <strong>da</strong>wyebis sanacvlod rogorc gamokiTxvis<br />
Sedegebi aCvenebs _ ara. aq saqme gvaqvs erTgvar kognitur<br />
disonansTan, romelic SeiZleba ase aRiweros: maswavlebloba<br />
kargi profesiaa,magram arc imdenad,rom is sasurvel saqmianobad<br />
miviCnioT. es niSnavs, rom respondentebisTvis skolis pe<strong>da</strong>gogoba<br />
pozitiuri simboluri xatia, Tumca, rogorc ki es xati realobas<br />
(anu, sakuTar gamocdilebas) `exeba~, misi <strong>da</strong>debiTi Sinaarsi fermkrTaldeba<br />
(ix. cxrili #9):<br />
99
cxrili #9<br />
is, rom respondentebi realurad maswavleblis profesias ar<br />
aRiqvamen, rogorc konkurenturnarians, sxva profesiebTan Se<strong>da</strong>rebiT,<br />
<strong>da</strong>sturdeba gamokiTxvis im monacemebiT, romlebic, respondentTa<br />
TvalsazrisiT, sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva profesiaTa prestiJulobas<br />
gansazRvravs.<br />
yvelaze prestiJul profesiaTa sia, studentTa <strong>da</strong> kurs<strong>da</strong>mTavrebulTa<br />
azriT, ase gamoiyureba:<br />
• eqimi;<br />
• biznesis administratori;<br />
• Jurnalisti;<br />
• mosamarTle;<br />
• umaRlesi saswavleblis pe<strong>da</strong>gogi.<br />
yvelaze araprestiJul profesiebad respondentebma miiCnies<br />
xelosnoba <strong>da</strong> baRis maswavlebloba 2 .<br />
rac Seexeba skolis maswavleblobas, es profesia, orive jgufis<br />
respondentTa SefasebiT,prestiJulobis velSi moxv<strong>da</strong>. Tumca,<br />
misi reitingi 15 CamoTvlil profesias Soris me-10 adgils ikavebs<br />
<strong>da</strong> ufro <strong>da</strong>bali aRmoCn<strong>da</strong>, vidre, magaliTad, iseTi profesiebis,<br />
rogoricaa, sportsmenoba <strong>da</strong> msaxioboba.<br />
Sedegebi detalurad mocemulia cxrilSi #10:<br />
100
cxrili #10<br />
SeniSvna: profesiaTa prestiJuloba Sefasebulia 5 qulian skalaze,<br />
sa<strong>da</strong>c cifri 1 aRniSnavs `yvelaze araprestiJuls~, xolo<br />
5 _ `yvelaze prestiJuls~. skalis neitraluri punqtia 3. profesiebi,<br />
romelTa reitingi 3-ze _ prestiJulobis velSi.<br />
2 respondentebma, mocemuli CamonaTvalis mixedviT, gansazRvres profesiaTa prestiJulobis done.<br />
profesiaTa sia Sedga imis gaTvaliswinebiT, rom mas moecva saqmianobis sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva sfero <strong>da</strong> tipi.<br />
101
IV. skolaSi maswavleblad muSaobis <strong>da</strong>wyebis<br />
survili; maswavleblad muSaobis <strong>da</strong>wyebis <strong>da</strong>matebiTi<br />
pirobebi; maswavlebloba versus sxva<br />
saqmianoba<br />
4.1. maswavleblad muSaobis <strong>da</strong>wyebis survili<br />
SekiTxvaze: `gsurT Tu ara skolaSi maswavleblad muSaobis<br />
<strong>da</strong>wyeba~ _ studentebma <strong>da</strong> kurs<strong>da</strong>mTavrebulebma gansxvavebulad<br />
upasuxes. studentebis umravlesoba skolaSi muSaobis<br />
survils ar gamoxatavs, xolo kurs<strong>da</strong>mTavrebulTa survilebi, am<br />
mimarTulebiT, gayofilia. aseTi sxvaoba un<strong>da</strong> aixsnas im garemoebiT,<br />
rom studentebi, jerjerobiT, ar <strong>da</strong>mdgaran samuSao adgilebis<br />
Sovnis sirTuleebis winaSe. amdenad, maTi survilebi am<br />
mimarTulebiT ufro `Tavisufalia~. rac Seexeba kurs<strong>da</strong>mTavrebulebs,<br />
isini ufro metad acnobiereben umuSevrobis saSiSroebas<br />
<strong>da</strong>, Sesabamisad, ufro metad `ufrTxildebian~ SesaZlo samuSao<br />
adgilebs (miT ufro, Tu gaviTvaliswinebT, rom gamokiTxul kurs<strong>da</strong>mTavrebulTaASoris<br />
80%-ze meti umuSevaria).<br />
konkretuli Sedegebi mocemulia diagramaze #5<br />
diagrama #5<br />
gsurT Tu ara skolaSi maswavleblad muSaobis<br />
<strong>da</strong>wyeba<br />
msurs /<br />
ufro<br />
msurs, 42.0<br />
studentebi<br />
ar msurs /<br />
ufro ar<br />
msurs, 53.6<br />
kurs<strong>da</strong>mTavrebulebi<br />
miWirs<br />
pasuxis<br />
gacema, 4.4<br />
msurs /<br />
ufro<br />
msurs, 49.6<br />
miWirs<br />
pasuxis<br />
gacema, 3.0<br />
ar msurs /<br />
ufro ar<br />
msurs, 47.4<br />
3 <strong>da</strong>mwyebi maswavleblis sruli ganakveTi moicavs 18 saaTian <strong>da</strong>tvirTvas kviraSi.<br />
102
aris Tu ara sakmarisi maswavleblad muSaobis survili imisaTvis,<br />
rom respondnetebi <strong>da</strong>Tanxmdnen muSaobis <strong>da</strong>wyebas im xelfasiT<br />
(170 lari), rac <strong>da</strong>mwyebi maswavleblis Tviur anazRaurebas<br />
Seadgens srul ganakveTze 3 <br />
rogorc gamokiTxvis Sedegebi aCvenebs, respondentTa mzaoba<br />
maswavleblobisTvis am SemTxvevaSi kidev ufro iklebs <strong>da</strong><br />
orive jgufis umravlesoba uars acxadebs am xelfasiT muSaobis<br />
<strong>da</strong>wyebaze (es uari zogjer principulia (`ar <strong>da</strong>vTanxmdebodi~),<br />
xolo zogjer _ naklebad principuli (`albaT ar <strong>da</strong>vTanxmdebodi~).<br />
samizne jgufebs Soris mcire gansxvaveba mainc SeimCneva:<br />
maTi xvedriTi wili, vinc zemoaRniSnuli anazRaurebiT maswavleblobas<br />
emxroba , kurs<strong>da</strong>mTavrebulTaASoris ufro metia, vidre<br />
studentTa Soris. savaraudoa, rom am SemTxvevaSic igive mizezi<br />
moqmedebs, razec zemoT iyo saubari (ix. diagram #6):<br />
diagrama #6<br />
<strong>da</strong>TanxmdebodiT Tu ara <strong>da</strong>mwyebi maswavleblis<br />
xelfasiT (170 l. TveSi) skolaSi muSaobis <strong>da</strong>wyebas<br />
studentebi<br />
kurs<strong>da</strong>mTavrebulebi<br />
40.0<br />
40.7<br />
16.8<br />
23.3<br />
19.8<br />
17.9<br />
18.6<br />
13.9<br />
4.9<br />
4.2<br />
<strong>da</strong>vTanxmdebodi<br />
albaT,<br />
<strong>da</strong>vTanxmdebodi<br />
albaT, ar<br />
<strong>da</strong>vTanxmdebodi<br />
ar<br />
<strong>da</strong>vTanxmdebodi<br />
miWirs pasuxis<br />
gacema<br />
103
* * *<br />
sainteresoa erTi garemoeba: studentTa <strong>da</strong> kurs<strong>da</strong>mTavrebulTa<br />
mTel SerCevaSi arsebul ganawilebasTan Se<strong>da</strong>rebiT, icvleba<br />
Tu ara im respondentTa socialur-demografiuli suraTi,<br />
romlebic Tanaxma arian skolaSi muSaoba 170 lariani xelfasiT<br />
<strong>da</strong>iwyon<br />
gamokiTxvis Sedegebis mixedviT, socialur-demografiuli maxasiaTeblebi,romlebic<br />
sayuradRebo gansxvavebas iwveven,Semdegia:<br />
sqesi,umaRlesi saswavlebeli,specialoba,akademiuri moswreba <strong>da</strong><br />
<strong>da</strong>saqmebis statusi. kerZod:<br />
• 170 lariani xelfasiT skolaSi muSaobis msurvelTa Soris<br />
qalebis raodenoba matulobs, xolo mamakacebis, piriqiT,<br />
mcirdeba (mTel SerCevaSi arsebul ganawilebasTan Se<strong>da</strong>rebiT);<br />
• am xelfasiT maswavleblobis <strong>da</strong>wyebis msurvelTa Soris<br />
izrdeba pe<strong>da</strong>gogiuri profilis umaRlesi saswavleblebis<br />
(ilia WavWavaZis sax. saxelmwifo universiteti, Telavis<br />
saxelmwifo universiteti, axlacixis instituti, quTaisis<br />
akaki wereTlis saxelobis universiteti) respondentTa (ZiriTa<strong>da</strong>d,<br />
studentTa) xvedriTi wili; piriqiT, am xelfasiT<br />
maswavleblobis msurvelTa Soris mcirdeba Tsu-s rogorc<br />
studentebis, ise kurs<strong>da</strong>mTavrebulebis, stu-sa <strong>da</strong> soxumis<br />
universitetis studentebis xvedriTi wili.<br />
• aRniSnuli anazRaurebiT maswavleblobis msurveleb-<br />
Si aSkarad izrdeba <strong>da</strong>wyebiTi ganaTlebis specialobis respondentTa<br />
raodenoba. matulobs, agreTve, qarTuli enisa <strong>da</strong><br />
literaturis specialobis respondentTa ricxvic, rasac ver<br />
vityviT, vTqvaT, sabunebismetyvelo specialobebis respondentebze.<br />
• am anazRaurebiT maswavleblobis <strong>da</strong>wyebis msurvelTa<br />
Soris saSualo ganaTlebis respondentebs Se<strong>da</strong>rebiT naklebad<br />
vxvdebiT.<br />
• cxadia, am anazRaurebiT pe<strong>da</strong>gogobis msurvelTa Soris<br />
umuSevar respondentTa xvedriTi wili, saerTo ganawilebasTan<br />
Se<strong>da</strong>rebiT, aSkarad matulobs.<br />
104
Sedegebi detalurad ix. cxrilSi #11:<br />
cxrili #11<br />
SeniSvnebi:<br />
• cxrilSi mocemulia mxolod is maxasiaTeblebi, romlebic<br />
statistikurad mniSvnelovania saerTo SerCevaSi arsebul<br />
ganawilebasTan gansxvavebis TvalsazrisiT. amdenad,<br />
garkveul maxasiaTeblebTan (umaRlesi saswavlebeli, specialoba)<br />
<strong>da</strong>kavSirebiT, pasuxTa procentuli jami 100%-s ar<br />
Seadgens.<br />
105
• mocemul cxrilSi erTmaneTTan Sesa<strong>da</strong>reblad aRebulia<br />
ori erToblioba: a) studentTa <strong>da</strong> kurs<strong>da</strong>mTavrebulTa<br />
mTeli SerCeva (600 studenti <strong>da</strong> 400 studenti) <strong>da</strong> b) isini,<br />
vinc 170 lariani xelfasiT skolaSi muSaobaze Tanaxmani<br />
arian. ase rom, vTqvaT, cxrilSi mocemuli monacemi, rom (b)<br />
kategoriis studentTa Soris 30.8% ucxo enis pe<strong>da</strong>gogebi<br />
arian, cxadia, ar niSnavs imas, rom ucxo enis specialobis<br />
studentTa 30.8% am xelfasiT skolaSi wamsvlelia. Tu am<br />
raodenobas mTeli SerCevisTvis <strong>da</strong>viTvliT, ucxo enis specialobis<br />
mqone studentTa xvedriTi wili iqneba 5.2%.<br />
4.2. maswavleblad muSaobis <strong>da</strong>wyebis <strong>da</strong>matebiTi pirobebi<br />
orive jgufis im respondentebs, romlebsac ar gamouTqvamT<br />
principuli Tanxmoba skolaSi 170 larad maswavleblad muSaobis<br />
<strong>da</strong>wyebaze (anu, maT, vinc upasuxes: `albaT <strong>da</strong>vTanxmdebodi~, `albaT<br />
ar <strong>da</strong>vTanxmdebodi“ <strong>da</strong> „ar <strong>da</strong>vTanxmdebodi“), SesaZlebloba<br />
hqon<strong>da</strong>T,Ria SekiTxvaSi gamoexataT TavianTi pozicia imis <strong>Sesaxeb</strong>,<br />
Tu ra iqnebo<strong>da</strong> is minimaluri anazRaureba, romlis SemTxveva-<br />
Sic skolaSi maswavleblad muSaobas <strong>da</strong>iwyebdnen. respondentTa<br />
Tvalsazrisebi ase ganawil<strong>da</strong> (ix. cxrili #12):<br />
cxrili #12<br />
SeniSvna: cxrilSi monacemebi <strong>da</strong>Tvlilia ara mTeli SerCevi<strong>da</strong>n<br />
4, aramed respondentTa im raodenobi<strong>da</strong>n, romelmac SekiTxvaze:<br />
„<strong>da</strong>TanxmdebodiT Tu ara <strong>da</strong>mwyebi maswavleblis xelfasiT (170<br />
lari) skolaSi muSaobaze“ _ ar upasuxa „<strong>da</strong>vTanxmdebodi“.<br />
106
espondentTa mzaoba gazrdili anazRaurebis pirobebSi skolaSi<br />
muSaobis <strong>da</strong>sawyebad, sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva finansuri intervalis<br />
mixedviT, ase ganawil<strong>da</strong> (ix. diagramebi ##7,8):<br />
diagrama #7<br />
minimaluri anazRaureba maswavleblad muSaobis <strong>da</strong>sawyebad<br />
100%<br />
90%<br />
80%<br />
39%<br />
80%<br />
85%<br />
88%<br />
93% 93%<br />
98%<br />
100%<br />
45%<br />
40%<br />
35%<br />
70%<br />
60%<br />
25%<br />
67%<br />
30%<br />
25%<br />
50%<br />
40%<br />
48%<br />
19%<br />
20%<br />
30%<br />
12%<br />
13%<br />
15%<br />
20%<br />
10%<br />
0%<br />
6%<br />
studentebi<br />
9%<br />
200<br />
laramde<br />
200-300<br />
lari<br />
301-400<br />
lari<br />
8%<br />
401-500<br />
lari<br />
5%<br />
5%<br />
3%<br />
2%<br />
3%<br />
1%<br />
501-600<br />
lari<br />
601-700<br />
lari<br />
701-800<br />
lari<br />
0% 0%<br />
801-900<br />
lari<br />
4%<br />
3%<br />
901-1000<br />
lari<br />
1%<br />
2%<br />
1000<br />
lari <strong>da</strong><br />
meti<br />
10%<br />
5%<br />
0%<br />
4 mTeli SerCeva, anu a) 600 studenti <strong>da</strong> b) 400 kurs<strong>da</strong>mTavrebuli.<br />
107
diagrama #8<br />
minimaluri anazRaureba maswavleblad muSaobis <strong>da</strong>sawyebad<br />
100%<br />
90%<br />
80%<br />
70%<br />
36%<br />
78%<br />
84%<br />
87%<br />
90%<br />
92%<br />
95%<br />
100%<br />
40%<br />
35%<br />
30%<br />
60%<br />
21%<br />
61%<br />
25%<br />
50%<br />
42%<br />
20%<br />
40%<br />
15%<br />
30%<br />
11% 10%<br />
1%<br />
10%<br />
20%<br />
10%<br />
6%<br />
19% 17%<br />
6%<br />
4% 3%<br />
3% 3%<br />
3%<br />
2% 2% 2% 2%<br />
5%<br />
3%<br />
5%<br />
0%<br />
200<br />
laramde<br />
200-300<br />
lari<br />
kurs<strong>da</strong>mTavrebulebi<br />
301-400<br />
lari<br />
401-500<br />
lari<br />
501-600<br />
lari<br />
601-700<br />
lari<br />
701-800<br />
lari<br />
801-900<br />
lari<br />
901-1000<br />
lari<br />
1000<br />
lari <strong>da</strong><br />
meti<br />
0%<br />
108<br />
SeniSvnebi diagramebisTvis ##7,8:<br />
1. wiTel svetebSi mocemulia respondentTa is raodenoba,<br />
romelmac SekiTxvaze: „<strong>da</strong>iwyebdiT Tu ara skolaSi muSaobas<br />
<strong>da</strong>mwyebi maswavleblis xelfasiT (170 lari) “ _ <strong>da</strong>asaxela<br />
gansazRvruli Tanxa (aseTia studentebis mTeli SerCevis<br />
63.2%, xolo kurs<strong>da</strong>mTavrebulebis mTeli SerCevis 53.4%).<br />
2. lurj svetebSi respondentTa is raodenoba, romelmac<br />
gansazRvruli Tanxa <strong>da</strong>asaxela, war-modgenilia, rogorc<br />
calke erToblioba (100%) <strong>da</strong> pasuxebi ga<strong>da</strong>nawilebulia am<br />
erTobliobis SigniT.<br />
3. rux svetebze gamoxatuli procentebi aRwers respondentTa<br />
im jamur xvedriT wils, romelic, Sesabamisi finansuri<br />
anazRaurebis SemTxvevaSi, maswavleblad muSaobaze<br />
<strong>da</strong>Tanxmdeba.
4.3. maswavlebloba versus sxva saqmianoba<br />
ismis kiTxva: ramdenad orientirebulia skolaSi muSaobaze<br />
samizne jgufebis is nawili, romelic, arsebuli Tu ukeTesi<br />
anazRaurebis pirobebSi, ar gamoricxavs skolaSi maswavleblad<br />
muSaobis <strong>da</strong>wyebas (anu, es is nawilia, romelic ar irCevs pozicias:<br />
„aranairi anazRaurebis pirobebSi ar <strong>da</strong>viwyebdi skolaSi<br />
muSaobas “) rogorc ukve aRvniSneT, am poziciazea studentebis<br />
11.2% <strong>da</strong> kurs<strong>da</strong>mTavrebulebis - 8.3%.<br />
gamokiTxvis Sedegebi aCvenebs, rom am kategoriis studentebis<br />
40.4%_isTvis, xolo kurs<strong>da</strong>mTavrebulTa 38.9%-isTvis maswavlebloba<br />
ar aris prioritetuli saqmianoba <strong>da</strong> mas siamovnebiT an<br />
umtkivneulod Caanacvlebdnen sxva, imave rangis <strong>da</strong> anazRaurebis<br />
samsaxuriT.<br />
109
Mmaswavleblobas, imave rangis <strong>da</strong> anazRaurebis sxva samsaxurTan<br />
Se<strong>da</strong>rebiT, met-naklebad prioritetulad Tvlis maswavleblobis<br />
mimarT loialurad ganwyobili studentebis 44.3%, xolo<br />
kurs<strong>da</strong>mTavrebulTa 48.6% (ix. diagrama #9):<br />
diagrama #9<br />
Tu, maswavleblobis gar<strong>da</strong>, SemogTavavzeben sxva, metnaklebad<br />
saintereso, samsaxurs igive anazRaurebiT,<br />
<strong>da</strong>TanxmdebodiT Tu ara<br />
28.7<br />
29.2<br />
24.5<br />
27.0<br />
studentebi<br />
kurs<strong>da</strong>mTavrebulebi<br />
19.8<br />
21.6<br />
11.7<br />
9.7<br />
15.3<br />
12.4<br />
aucileblad<br />
<strong>da</strong>vTanxmdebodi<br />
albaT,<br />
<strong>da</strong>vTanxmdebodi<br />
albaT, ar<br />
<strong>da</strong>vTanxmdebodi<br />
araviTar<br />
SemTxvevaSi ar<br />
<strong>da</strong>vTanxmdebodi<br />
miWirs pasuxis<br />
gacema<br />
SeniSvna: diagramaze monacemebi <strong>da</strong>Tvlilia ara mTeli Ser-<br />
Cevi<strong>da</strong>n, aramed samizne jgufebis im raodenobi<strong>da</strong>n, romelic ar<br />
irCevs pozicias: „aranairi anazRaurebis pirobebSi ar <strong>da</strong>viwyebdi<br />
skolaSi muSaobas“.<br />
110
a <strong>da</strong>skvna SeiZleba gamovitanoT am monacemebi<strong>da</strong>n (igulisxmeba diagrama<br />
#9)<br />
SeiZleba iTqvas, rom maswavleblobis kandi<strong>da</strong>tTa xvedriTi wili, orive<br />
samizne jgufSi, kidev ufro gamoikveTa: studentTa Soris (mTeli SerCevis<br />
gaTvaliswinebiT) 39.3%, xolo kurs<strong>da</strong>mTavrebulTa Soris _ 44.5% SeiZleba<br />
ganvixiloT, rogorc maswavleblobis potenciur kandi<strong>da</strong>tTa baza.<br />
meore mxriv, rogorc monacemebi aCvenebs, studentTa am nawili<strong>da</strong>n mxolod<br />
17.6% gamoxatavs maswavleblad <strong>da</strong>saqmebis principul survils (es praqtikulad<br />
is raodenobaa, romelic pe<strong>da</strong>gogobaze arsebuli anazRaurebis<br />
pirobebSic Tanxmdeba). studentTa <strong>da</strong>rCenili nawili (21.7%) maswavleblobas<br />
sxva saqmianobasTan Se<strong>da</strong>rebiT prioritetulad miiCnevs, Tumca,<br />
ara ualternativod. (rogorc irkveva, es is nawilia, romelic maswavleblobaze<br />
mxolod gazrdili anazRaurebis pirobebSi Tanxmdeba).<br />
rac Seexeba kurs<strong>da</strong>mTavrebulebs (romlebic maswavleblobis met-naklebad<br />
realur kandi<strong>da</strong>tebad moazrebian), maTgan mxolod 19.7%-ia maswavleblobaze<br />
principulad orientirebuli, xolo 24.8% maswavleblobas prioritetulad<br />
miiCnevs, Tumca, ara ualternativo saqmianobad (maT Soris<br />
absolutur umravlesobas isini Seadgenen, vinc maswavleblad muSaobas<br />
mxolod gazrdili anazRaurebis pirobebSi <strong>da</strong>Tanxmdeba).<br />
maSasa<strong>da</strong>me, SeiZleba iTqvas, rom studentebis <strong>da</strong> kurs<strong>da</strong>mTavrebulebis<br />
dRes arsebul nakadSi maswavleblad <strong>da</strong>saqmebisTvis yvelaze realuri<br />
raodenoba studentebs Soris aris TiTqmis 18%, xolo kurs<strong>da</strong>mTavrebulebs<br />
Soris _ TiTqmis 20%. es maCveneblebi orive jgufisaTvis SeiZleba<br />
mniSvnelovnad gaizardos (maqsimaluri Teoriuli zRvari studentTa Soris<br />
40%-mdea, xolo kurs<strong>da</strong>mTavrebulTaA Soris _ 45%-mde). amis mTavar pirobas,<br />
rogorc iTqva, minimaluri xelfasis 300%-mde gazr<strong>da</strong> warmoadgens.<br />
gamokiTxvis Sedegad SesaZlebeli gax<strong>da</strong> respondentTa im<br />
nawilis gamovlena, visTvisac maswavlebloba upirvelesi prioritetia<br />
<strong>da</strong> mas sxva profesiaSi ar gacvlian. indikatorad gamoyenebul<br />
iqna respondentebis ga<strong>da</strong>wyvetileba, Tu ras airCeven isini<br />
_ maswavleblobas Tu met-naklebad sainterso sxva samsaxurs<br />
ukeTesi anazRaurebiT.<br />
111
un<strong>da</strong> aRiniSnos isic, rom am arCevanis winaSe <strong>da</strong>dgnen is respondentebi,<br />
romlebic ar gamoricxaven skolaSi maswavleblad<br />
muSaobas (anu, es is nawilia, romelic ar iziarebs pozicias:<br />
„aranairi anazRaurebis pirobebSi ar <strong>da</strong>viwyebdi skolaSi muSaobas.“).<br />
gamokiTxvis Sedegebi aCvenebs, rom maswavleblobis mimarT<br />
loialurad ganwyobili respondentebis _ rogorc studentebis,<br />
ise kurs<strong>da</strong>mTavrebulebis _ mxolod mcire nawili amJRavnebs<br />
principul erTgulebas skolis pe<strong>da</strong>gogis saqmianobis mimarT.<br />
studentebs Soris pozicias _ „araviTar SemTxvevaSi ar <strong>da</strong>vTanxmdebodi<br />
sxva samsaxurs ukeTesi anazRaurebiT“ _ irCevs 4.5%,xolo<br />
kurs<strong>da</strong>mTavrebulTa Soris 3.5.%. maswavleblobis aseT „upirobo<br />
siyvarulTan“ siaxloves amJRavnebs <strong>da</strong>matebiT respondentTa is<br />
nawili,vinc irCevs pozicias: „albaT ar <strong>da</strong>vTanxmdebodi sxva samsaxurs<br />
ukeTesi anazRaurebiT“ (ix. diagrama #10):<br />
diagrama #10<br />
Tu, maswavleblobis gar<strong>da</strong>, SemogTavavzeben sxva, metnaklebad<br />
saintereso, samsaxurs ukeTesi<br />
anazRaurebiT, <strong>da</strong>TanxmdebodiT Tu ara<br />
43.0<br />
48.9<br />
38.5<br />
studentebi<br />
kurs<strong>da</strong>mTavrebulebi<br />
31.6<br />
6.4<br />
5.9<br />
4.5<br />
3.5<br />
7.5<br />
10.0<br />
aucileblad<br />
<strong>da</strong>vTanxmdebodi<br />
albaT,<br />
<strong>da</strong>vTanxmdebodi<br />
albaT, ar<br />
<strong>da</strong>vTanxmdebodi<br />
araviTar<br />
SemTxvevaSi ar<br />
<strong>da</strong>vTanxmdebodi<br />
miWirs pasuxis<br />
gacema<br />
SeniSvna: diagramaze monacemebi <strong>da</strong>Tvlilia ara mTeli Ser-<br />
Cevi<strong>da</strong>n, aramed samizne jgufebis im raodenobi<strong>da</strong>n, romelic ar<br />
irCevs pozicias: „aranairi anazRaurebis pirobebSi ar <strong>da</strong>viwyebdi<br />
skolaSi muSaobas.“.<br />
112
Tu diagramaze mocemul maCveneblebs samizne jgufebis mTeli<br />
SerCevisTvis <strong>da</strong>viTvliT, aRmoCndeba, rom maswavleblobis „Tavga<strong>da</strong>kluli“<br />
msurvelebi studentTa arsebul nakadSi mxolod<br />
4.0%-ia, xolo kurs<strong>da</strong>mTavrebulTa Soris _ 3.2%. met-naklebad ase-<br />
Tive ganwyobisaa <strong>da</strong>matebiT studentebis 5.6% <strong>da</strong> kurs<strong>da</strong>mTavrebulebis<br />
5.5%.<br />
4.4. maswavlebloba arakomfortul (an,„eqstremalur“) pirobebSi<br />
gamokiTxvis Sedegebi aCvenebs, rom orive jgufis im respondentTa<br />
gamokveTili umravlesoba (65%-ze meti), romlebic ga<strong>da</strong>WriT<br />
ar ewinaaRmdegebian skolaSi maswavleblad muSaobis <strong>da</strong>wyebas<br />
(anu, ar irCeven pozicias: „aranairi anazRaurebis pirobebSi<br />
ar <strong>da</strong>viwyebdi skolaSi muSaobas.), maswavleblad wasvlaze ar<br />
Tanxmdeba, Tu amisTvis sakuTari sacsovrebeli adgilis Secvla<br />
mouwevs. aseT „msxverpls“ umtkivneulod gaiReb<strong>da</strong> studentTa mxolod<br />
10.6% <strong>da</strong> kurs<strong>da</strong>mTavrebulTa 13.8%.<br />
Sedegebi detalurad ix. diagramaze #11:<br />
diagrama #11<br />
<strong>da</strong>iwyebdiT Tu ara maswavleblad muSaobas im<br />
skolaSi, romelic Tqvengan sacxovrebeli adgilis<br />
Secvlas iTxovs<br />
46.8<br />
44.6<br />
studentebi<br />
kurs<strong>da</strong>mTavrebulebi<br />
10.6<br />
13.8<br />
16.2<br />
15.1<br />
20.6<br />
20.3<br />
5.8<br />
6.2<br />
<strong>da</strong>viwyebdi yvela<br />
SemTxvevaSi<br />
albaT,<br />
<strong>da</strong>viwyebdi<br />
albaT, ar<br />
<strong>da</strong>viwyebdi<br />
ar <strong>da</strong>viwyebdi<br />
miWirs pasuxis<br />
gacema<br />
113
SeniSvna: diagramaze monacemebi <strong>da</strong>Tvlilia ara mTeli Ser-<br />
Cevi<strong>da</strong>n, aramed samizne jgufebis im raodenobi<strong>da</strong>n, romelic ar<br />
irCevs pozicias: „aranairi anazRaurebis pirobebSi ar <strong>da</strong>viwyebdi<br />
skolaSi muSaobas“.<br />
rogorc irkveva, anazRaurebis faqtorma, SesaZloa, mniSvnelovnad<br />
Secvalos im respondentebis ganwyoba, romlebsac<br />
ar surT maswavleblobisTvis sacxovrebeli adgilis Secvla.<br />
kerZod, TveSi 780 laramde minimaluri anazRaurebis pirobebSi,<br />
aseT studentTa 57.4% Tanxmdeba maswavleblad muSaobis <strong>da</strong>wyebas<br />
sxva sacxovrebel adgilas. igives gaakeTeb<strong>da</strong> am kategoriis<br />
kurs<strong>da</strong>mTavrebulTa 61.1%, Tu minimaluri anazRaureba TveSi 830<br />
laramde iqnebo<strong>da</strong><br />
detaluri monacemebi ix. cxrilSi #13:<br />
cxrili #13<br />
SeniSvna: cxrilSi monacemebi <strong>da</strong>Tvlilia samizne jgufebis<br />
ara mTeli SerCevi<strong>da</strong>n, aramed im raodenobi<strong>da</strong>n, romelic:<br />
a) ar irCevs pozicias: „aranairi anazRaurebis pirobebSi ar<br />
<strong>da</strong>viwyebdi skolaSi muSaobas“;<br />
b) SekiTxvaze: `<strong>da</strong>iwyebdiT Tu ara maswavleblobas im skolaSi,<br />
romelic Tqvengan sacxovrebeli adgilis Secvlas iTxovs~ - ar<br />
pasuxobs `<strong>da</strong>viwyebdi~.<br />
114
sacxovrebeli adgilis Secvlis SemTxvevaSi, respondentTa<br />
mzaoba maswavleblobisaTvis, sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva finansuri intervalis<br />
mixedviT, ase ganawil<strong>da</strong> (ix. diagramebi ##12,13):<br />
diagrama #12<br />
minimaluri anazRaureba maswavleblobisaTvis, sacxovrebeli<br />
adgilis Secvlis SemTxvevaSi<br />
100%<br />
24%<br />
100%<br />
25%<br />
90%<br />
80%<br />
87%<br />
20%<br />
70%<br />
69%<br />
70%<br />
17%<br />
60%<br />
50%<br />
40%<br />
30%<br />
20%<br />
10%<br />
1%<br />
1%<br />
9%<br />
3%<br />
7%<br />
10% 11%<br />
5%<br />
19%<br />
43%<br />
54%<br />
5%<br />
11%<br />
63%<br />
4%<br />
9%<br />
3%<br />
6%<br />
1%<br />
1%<br />
8%<br />
6%<br />
13%<br />
15%<br />
10%<br />
5%<br />
0%<br />
200<br />
laramde<br />
studentebi<br />
200-300<br />
lari<br />
301-400<br />
lari<br />
401-500<br />
lari<br />
501-600<br />
lari<br />
601-700<br />
lari<br />
701-800<br />
lari<br />
801-900<br />
lari<br />
901-1000<br />
lari<br />
1000<br />
lari <strong>da</strong><br />
meti<br />
0%<br />
115
diagrama #13<br />
minimaluri anazRaureba maswavleblobisaTvis, sacxovrebeli<br />
adgilis Secvlis SemTxvevaSi<br />
100%<br />
18%<br />
100%<br />
20%<br />
90%<br />
18%<br />
80%<br />
86%<br />
16%<br />
70%<br />
13% 73% 14% 14%<br />
70%<br />
14%<br />
60%<br />
50%<br />
40%<br />
30%<br />
20%<br />
10%<br />
2%<br />
1%<br />
3%<br />
8%<br />
7%<br />
5%<br />
18%<br />
10%<br />
9%<br />
37%<br />
48%<br />
5%<br />
11%<br />
57%<br />
5%<br />
9%<br />
6%<br />
1%<br />
2%<br />
7%<br />
7%<br />
12%<br />
10%<br />
8%<br />
6%<br />
4%<br />
2%<br />
0%<br />
200<br />
laramde<br />
200-300<br />
lari<br />
kurs<strong>da</strong>mTavrebulebi<br />
301-400<br />
lari<br />
401-500<br />
lari<br />
501-600<br />
lari<br />
601-700<br />
lari<br />
701-800<br />
lari<br />
801-900<br />
lari<br />
901-1000<br />
lari<br />
1000<br />
lari <strong>da</strong><br />
meti<br />
0%<br />
116<br />
SeniSvnebi diagramebisTvis ##12,13:<br />
1. wiTel svetebSi mocemulia respondentTa is raodenoba,<br />
romelmac SekiTxvaze: „ram-dens un<strong>da</strong> Seadgendes minimaluri<br />
anazRaureba imisTvis, rom <strong>da</strong>TanxmdeT maswavleblad muSaobas<br />
sacxovrebeli adgilis Secvlis SemTxvevaSi“ _ <strong>da</strong>asaxela<br />
gansazRvruli Tanxa (aseTia studentebis 45.1%, xolo<br />
kurs<strong>da</strong>mTavrebulebis 48.7%).<br />
2. lurj svetebSi respondentTa is raodenoba, romelmac<br />
gansazRvruli Tanxa <strong>da</strong>asax-ela, warmodgenilia, rogorc<br />
calke erToblioba (100%) <strong>da</strong> pasuxebi ga<strong>da</strong>nawilebu-lia am<br />
erTobliobis SigniT.<br />
3. rux svetebze gamoxatuli procentebi aRwers respondentTa<br />
im jamur xvedriT wils, romelic, garkveuli finansuri<br />
anazRaurebis SemTxvevaSi, maswavleblad muSaobaze<br />
<strong>da</strong>Tanxmdeba.
kidev ufro mcirea studentebis <strong>da</strong> kurs<strong>da</strong>mTavrebulebis<br />
mzaoba maswavleblad muSaobisaTvis maSin, Tu maT pe<strong>da</strong>gogoba<br />
rTuli klimaturi pirobebis <strong>da</strong> mouwyobeli sacxovrebeli garemos<br />
(ugzooba, ugazoba <strong>da</strong> a.S.) viTarebaSi mouwevT. Tumca, am<br />
SemTxvevaSic ki,mniSvneloba aqvs imas,rTuli sacxovrebeli garemo<br />
respondentebs sakuTar regionSi xvdebaT, Tu _ sxva regionSi.<br />
sakuTar regionSi rTul klimatur sacxovrebel pirobebSi maswavleblobis<br />
msurveli Zalian cotaa, xolo sxva regionSi, praqtikulad,<br />
ar arsebobs.<br />
Sedegebi detalurad mocemulia diagramebze ##14,15:<br />
diagrama #14<br />
<strong>da</strong>iwyebdiT Tu ara maswavleblad muSaobas Tqveni<br />
regionis im nawilSi, romelic rTuli klimaturi <strong>da</strong><br />
sacxovrebeli pirobebiT gamoirCeva<br />
<strong>da</strong>viwyebdi<br />
4.3<br />
4.6<br />
albaT,<br />
<strong>da</strong>viwyebdi<br />
23.8<br />
17.8<br />
albaT, ar<br />
<strong>da</strong>viwyebdi<br />
14.3<br />
50.0<br />
54.1<br />
17.3<br />
ar <strong>da</strong>viwyebdi<br />
miWirs pasuxis<br />
gacema<br />
7.5<br />
6.2<br />
studentebi<br />
kurs<strong>da</strong>mTavrebulebi<br />
117
diagrama #15<br />
<strong>da</strong>iwyebdiT Tu ara maswavleblad muSaobas sxva<br />
regionSi, romelic rTuli klimaturi <strong>da</strong><br />
sacxovrebeli pirobebiT gamoirCeva<br />
<strong>da</strong>viwyebdi<br />
1.7<br />
2.7<br />
albaT,<br />
<strong>da</strong>viwyebdi<br />
7.2<br />
6.2<br />
albaT, ar<br />
<strong>da</strong>viwyebdi<br />
12.1<br />
73.6<br />
74.1<br />
13.2<br />
ar <strong>da</strong>viwyebdi<br />
miWirs pasuxis<br />
gacema<br />
5.5<br />
3.8<br />
studentebi<br />
kurs<strong>da</strong>mTavrebulebi<br />
SeniSvna: diagramebze monacemebi <strong>da</strong>Tvlilia ara mTeli Ser-<br />
Cevi<strong>da</strong>n, aramed samizne jgufebis im raodenobi<strong>da</strong>n, romelic ar<br />
irCevs pozicias: „aranairi anazRaurebis pirobebSi ar<strong>da</strong>viwyebdi<br />
skolaSi muSaobas“.<br />
icvleba Tu ara respondentTa mzaoba maSin, rodesac saqmeSi<br />
anazRaurebis faqtori erTveba gamokiTxva aCvenebs, rom rTul<br />
klimatur <strong>da</strong> sacxovrebel garemoSi maswavleblobis mimarT metnaklebad<br />
skeptikurad ganwyobil respondentTa (orive jgufSi)<br />
Soris:<br />
a) sul mcire, yoveli meore 5 Seicvli<strong>da</strong> pozicias <strong>da</strong> sakuTari<br />
regionis rTul pirobebSi <strong>da</strong>iwyeb<strong>da</strong> maswavleblobas, Tu minimaluri<br />
anazRaureba iqnebo<strong>da</strong>, <strong>da</strong>axloebiT, 820 lari (studentebis<br />
azriT) an 900 lari (kurs<strong>da</strong>mTavrebulebis azriT);<br />
b) sul mcire, yoveli mesame 6 <strong>da</strong>Tanxmdebo<strong>da</strong> sxva regionis<br />
rTul pirobebSi maswavleblobas, Tu minimaluri anazRaureba<br />
118
iqnebo<strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>axloebiT 1230 lari (studentebi), an _ 1310 laramde<br />
(kurs<strong>da</strong>mTavrebulebi).<br />
sakuTar an sxva regionSi rTulis sacxovrebeli garemos pirobebSi<br />
respondentTa mzaoba maswavleblobisaTvis, sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva<br />
finansuri intervalis mixedviT, ase ganawil<strong>da</strong> (ix. diagramebi<br />
##16,17,18,19):<br />
5 rTul pirobebSi muSaobis mimarT skeptikurad ganwyobili studentebis 54.8% <strong>da</strong> kurs<strong>da</strong>mTavrebulebis<br />
53.3%.<br />
6 rTul pirobebSi muSaobis mimarT skeptikurad ganwyobili studentebis 37.4% <strong>da</strong> kurs<strong>da</strong>mTavrebulebis<br />
35.0%.<br />
119
diagrama #16<br />
minimaluri anazRaureba maswavleblobisaTvis, rTuli<br />
sacxovrebeli garemos pirobebSi (sakuTar regionSi)<br />
100%<br />
100%<br />
20%<br />
90%<br />
17%<br />
17%<br />
18%<br />
80%<br />
85%<br />
15%<br />
16%<br />
70%<br />
14%<br />
60%<br />
50%<br />
40%<br />
30%<br />
20%<br />
10%<br />
0%<br />
studentebi<br />
2%<br />
1%<br />
200<br />
laramde<br />
4%<br />
11%<br />
9%<br />
200-300<br />
lari<br />
10%<br />
5%<br />
21%<br />
301-400<br />
lari<br />
8%<br />
38%<br />
401-500<br />
lari<br />
47%<br />
9%<br />
58%<br />
12%<br />
5%<br />
4% 4%<br />
501-600<br />
lari<br />
601-700<br />
lari<br />
67% 68%<br />
9%<br />
701-800<br />
lari<br />
0.3%<br />
0.7%<br />
801-900<br />
lari<br />
8%<br />
901-1000<br />
lari<br />
7%<br />
1000<br />
lari <strong>da</strong><br />
meti<br />
12%<br />
10%<br />
8%<br />
6%<br />
4%<br />
2%<br />
0%<br />
diagrama #17<br />
minimaluri anazRaureba maswavleblobisaTvis, rTuli<br />
sacxovrebeli garemos pirobebSi (sxva regionSi)<br />
100%<br />
38%<br />
100%<br />
40%<br />
90%<br />
35%<br />
80%<br />
30%<br />
70%<br />
60%<br />
62%<br />
25%<br />
50%<br />
18%<br />
20%<br />
40%<br />
30%<br />
20%<br />
10%<br />
0%<br />
200<br />
laramde<br />
studentebi<br />
2%<br />
0.8% 1%<br />
2% 6%<br />
200-300<br />
lari<br />
3%<br />
301-400<br />
lari<br />
31%<br />
41%<br />
44%<br />
3% 20%<br />
6%<br />
14%<br />
8%<br />
401-500<br />
lari<br />
2%<br />
6%<br />
501-600<br />
lari<br />
11%<br />
4% 3%<br />
601-700<br />
lari<br />
10%<br />
701-800<br />
lari<br />
1%<br />
3%<br />
801-900<br />
lari<br />
901-1000<br />
lari<br />
12%<br />
1000<br />
lari <strong>da</strong><br />
meti<br />
15%<br />
10%<br />
5%<br />
0%<br />
120
diagrama #18<br />
minimaluri anazRaureba maswavleblobisaTvis, rTuli<br />
sacxovrebeli garemos pirobebSi (sakuTar regionSi)<br />
100%<br />
100%<br />
25%<br />
90%<br />
80%<br />
21%<br />
84%<br />
20%<br />
70%<br />
70%<br />
73%<br />
16%<br />
60%<br />
50%<br />
40%<br />
30%<br />
20%<br />
10%<br />
0%<br />
1%<br />
0.3%<br />
200<br />
laramde<br />
3%<br />
6%<br />
7%<br />
200-300<br />
lari<br />
kurs<strong>da</strong>mTavrebulebi<br />
6%<br />
13%<br />
20%<br />
301-400<br />
lari<br />
10%<br />
40%<br />
401-500<br />
lari<br />
46%<br />
3%<br />
6%<br />
501-600<br />
lari<br />
57%<br />
5%<br />
10%<br />
601-700<br />
lari<br />
6%<br />
13%<br />
701-800<br />
lari<br />
3%<br />
1%<br />
801-900<br />
lari<br />
6%<br />
12%<br />
901-1000<br />
lari<br />
7%<br />
1000<br />
lari <strong>da</strong><br />
meti<br />
15%<br />
10%<br />
5%<br />
0%<br />
diagrama #19<br />
minimaluri anazRaureba maswavleblobisaTvis, rTuli<br />
sacxovrebeli garemos pirobebSi (sxva regionSi)<br />
100%<br />
90%<br />
100%<br />
32%<br />
35%<br />
30%<br />
80%<br />
70%<br />
25%<br />
68%<br />
60%<br />
19%<br />
20%<br />
50%<br />
40%<br />
30%<br />
11%<br />
9%<br />
36%<br />
13%<br />
46%<br />
10%<br />
49%<br />
10%<br />
15%<br />
10%<br />
20%<br />
10%<br />
1%<br />
3%<br />
3%<br />
14%<br />
23%<br />
3%<br />
4%<br />
3%<br />
1%<br />
3%<br />
6%<br />
5%<br />
0%<br />
200<br />
laramde<br />
200-300<br />
lari<br />
kurs<strong>da</strong>mTavrebulebi<br />
3%<br />
301-400<br />
lari<br />
401-500<br />
lari<br />
501-600<br />
lari<br />
601-700<br />
lari<br />
701-800<br />
lari<br />
801-900<br />
lari<br />
901-1000<br />
lari<br />
1000<br />
lari <strong>da</strong><br />
meti<br />
0%<br />
121
122<br />
SeniSvnebi diagramebisTvis ##16,17,18,19:<br />
1. wiTel svetebSi mocemulia respondentTa is raodenoba,<br />
romelmac SekiTxvaze: „ramdeni un<strong>da</strong> iyos minimaluri anaz-<br />
Raureba, rom maswavleblad <strong>da</strong>iwyoT muSaoba Tqvens/sxva regionSi<br />
rTuli sacxovrebeli garemos pirobebSi“ _ <strong>da</strong>asaxela<br />
gansazRvruli Tanxa (aseTia studentebis 46.5% (sakuTari<br />
regioni) <strong>da</strong> 32.4% (sxva regioni), xolo kurs<strong>da</strong>mTavrebulebis<br />
46.7% (sakuTari regioni) <strong>da</strong> 31.5% (sxva regioni)).<br />
2. lurj svetebSi respondentTa is raodenoba, romelmac<br />
gansazRvruli Tanxa <strong>da</strong>asaxela, warmodgenilia, rogorc<br />
calke erToblioba (100%) <strong>da</strong> pasuxebi ga<strong>da</strong>nawilebulia am<br />
erTobliobis SigniT.<br />
3. rux svetebze gamoxatuli procentebi aRwers respondentTa<br />
im jamur xvedriT wils, romelic, garkveuli finansuri<br />
anazRaurebis SemTxvevaSi, maswavleblad muSaobaze<br />
<strong>da</strong>Tanxmdeba.<br />
V. ganaTlebis magistraturis Taviseburebebis<br />
Sefaseba; ganaTlebis magistraturaSi Cabarebis<br />
survili; sasurveli minimaluri xelfasebi<br />
5.1. ganaTlebis magistraturis Taviseburebebis Sefaseba<br />
orive samizne jgufis respondentebma, ZiriTa<strong>da</strong>d, moiwones sa-<br />
Sualo ganaTlebis reformis farglebSi <strong>da</strong>gegmili axali iniciativebi:<br />
I iniciativa: ara zoga<strong>da</strong>d bakalavriatisa <strong>da</strong> magistraturis,<br />
aramed mxolod ganaTlebis bakalavriatisa <strong>da</strong> ganaTlebis magistraturis<br />
kurs<strong>da</strong>mTavrebuls SeeZleba skolaSi maswavleblad<br />
muSaobis <strong>da</strong>wyeba;<br />
II iniciativa: ganaTlebis bakalavrs SeeZleba aswavlos mxolod<br />
<strong>da</strong>wyebiT klasebSi (I-VI klasi), xolo ZiriTad <strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>mamTavrebel<br />
klasebSi _ mxolod ganaTlebis magistraturis kurs<strong>da</strong>mTavrebuls.<br />
rogorc gamokiTxvis Sedegebi aCvenebs, studentTa <strong>da</strong> kurs<strong>da</strong>mTavrebulTa<br />
gamokveTili umravlesoba (60-62%) aRniSnul iniciativebs<br />
gamarTlebulad (savsebiT an ufro) miiCnevs<br />
(ix. diagrama #20):
diagrama #20<br />
ramdenad gamarTlebulad migaCniaT axali<br />
iniciativebi<br />
gamarTlebulia (savsebiT an ufro)<br />
I iniciativa<br />
59.4<br />
62.2<br />
II iniciativa<br />
63.1<br />
61.2<br />
ar aris gamarTlebuli (sruliad an ufro)<br />
I iniciativa<br />
33.1<br />
32.5<br />
II iniciativa<br />
29.6<br />
33.7<br />
miWirs pasuxis gacema<br />
I iniciativa<br />
II iniciativa<br />
7.4<br />
7.2<br />
studentebi<br />
5.2<br />
5.0<br />
kurs<strong>da</strong>mTavrebulebi<br />
5.2. ganaTlebis magistraturaSi Cabarebis survili<br />
mas Semdeg,rac respondentebs miewo<strong>da</strong>T informacia ganaTlebis<br />
magistraturis xangrZlivobis (2 weli) <strong>da</strong> savaraudo safasuris<br />
(weliwadSi 1500 lari)<strong>Sesaxeb</strong>, maT <strong>da</strong>esvaT SekiTxva, Tu ramdenad<br />
<strong>mosalodneli</strong>a, rom isini, aRniSnuli pirobebis gaTvaliswinebiT,<br />
Caabareben ganaTlebis magistraturaSi, raTa Semdeg <strong>da</strong>iwyon maRal<br />
klasebSi maswavleblad muSaoba. studentTa <strong>da</strong> kurs<strong>da</strong>mTavrebulTa<br />
pasuxebi ase ganawil<strong>da</strong> (ix. diagrama #21):<br />
123
diagrama #21<br />
ramdenad <strong>mosalodneli</strong>a, rom CaabaroT ganaTlebis<br />
magistraturaSi<br />
studentebi<br />
kurs<strong>da</strong>mTavrebulebi<br />
42.2<br />
40.9<br />
17.5<br />
20.3<br />
16.9 16.0 16.7<br />
14.3<br />
9.4<br />
5.7<br />
aucileblad<br />
Cavabareb<br />
albaT,<br />
Cavabareb<br />
albaT, ar<br />
Cavabareb<br />
ar Cavabareb<br />
miWirs<br />
pasuxis<br />
gacema<br />
rogorc diagramaze motanili monacemebi aCvenebs, orive samizne<br />
jgufSi TiTqmis Tanabari raodenoba, saSualod 17%, gamoxatavs<br />
gamokveTil mzadyofnas (arsebuli pirobebiT) ganaTlebis<br />
magistraturaSi Cabarebis <strong>Sesaxeb</strong>. respondentTa umravlesoba am<br />
perspeqtivas uaryofiTad uyurebs.<br />
im respondnetebma, romlebsac ganaTlebis magistraturaSi Casabareblad<br />
gamokveTili mzadyofna ar aRmoaCn<strong>da</strong>T, <strong>da</strong>asaxeles<br />
sakuTari mizezebi amisaTvis. am mizezebs Soris ZiriTa<strong>da</strong>d gamoikveTa<br />
sami mizezi:<br />
1. swavla fasiania;<br />
2. maswavlebloba ar Sedis Cems gegmebSi (ar vapireb maswavleblobas);<br />
3. ar Rirs Cabareba im xelfasis fasad, rasac maswavleblebs<br />
uxdian.<br />
124
detalurad Sedegebi ix. cxrilSi #16:<br />
cxrili #16<br />
SeniSvna: cxrilSi monacemebi <strong>da</strong>Tvlilia respondentTa im<br />
raodenobi<strong>da</strong>n, romlebmac SekiTxvaze _ `ramdenad <strong>mosalodneli</strong>a,<br />
rom CaabaroT ganaTlebis magistraturaSi~ ar upasuxes: `aucileblad<br />
Cavabareb~.<br />
gamokiTxva iTvaliswineb<strong>da</strong> imis garkvevas, ramdenad izrdeba<br />
ganaTlebis magistraturaSi Cabarebis motivacia samizne jgufebSi,<br />
Tu maTTvis SeTavazebuli iqneba Semdegi SeRavaTiani pirobebi:<br />
• ganaTlebis magistraturaSi swavla iqneba ufaso;<br />
• magistraturis xangrZlivoba Semcirdeba erT wlamde;<br />
• magistraturis kurs<strong>da</strong>mTavrebul maswavleblebs mniSvnelovnad<br />
gaezrdebaT xelfasi.<br />
gamokiTxvis Sedegebi aCvenebs, rom samive es piroba mniSvnelovnad<br />
amaRlebs magistraturaSi Cabarebis motivacias <strong>da</strong><br />
zrdis SesaZlo kandi<strong>da</strong>tTa raodenobas. Tumca, un<strong>da</strong> aRiniSnos,<br />
rom magistraturaSi swavlis safasuris gauqmebam gansakuTrebiT<br />
imoqme<strong>da</strong> respodentTa ganwyobaze.<br />
125
gamokiTxvis Sedegebi, samive aRniSnuli SeRavaTiani pirobis<br />
gaTvaliswinebiT, samizne jgufebis mTeli SerCevisTvis, detalurad<br />
mocemulia cxrilebSi ##:17,18<br />
cxrili #:17 studentebi<br />
126
cxrili #:18 kurs<strong>da</strong>mTavrebulebi<br />
ismis kiTxva: ramdenia im respondentTa xvedriTi wili,romelTac:<br />
a) arc erTi zemoT <strong>da</strong>saxelebuli piroba (ufaso magistratura,<br />
erTwliani magistratura, xelfasis momateba) cal-calke ar aris<br />
sakmarisi imisaTvis, rom ganaTlebis magistraturaSi Caabaros<br />
b) am pirobebi<strong>da</strong>n ar akmayofilebs ori piroba mainc imisaTvis,<br />
rom ganaTlebis magistraturaSi Caabaros<br />
Sedegebi,orive jgufis mTeli SerCevisTvis,ixileT cxrilSi #19:<br />
127
cxrili #19<br />
rogorc Sedegebi aCvenebs, arc Tu ise didia im respondentTa<br />
xvedriTi wili, visTvisac romelime erTi <strong>da</strong>saxelebuli SeRava-<br />
Tiani piroba iyos sruliad arasakmarisi imisTvis, rom magistraturaSi<br />
Cabarebisken ubiZgos.<br />
axla sainteresoa _ isini, visac ar akmayofilebs arcerTi<br />
calke aRebuli piroba magistraturaSi Casabareblad, Seicvlian<br />
Tu ara pozicias, Tu romelime ori piroba an samive erTad (kombinaciaSi)<br />
iqna SeTavazebuli (ix. cxrili #20):<br />
cxrili #20<br />
128
ogorc monacemebi aCvenebs, respondentTa es kategoria (anu,<br />
isini, visTvisac magistraturaSi Casabareblad sakmarisi motivacia<br />
ar aRmoCn<strong>da</strong> arc erTi SeTavazebuli piroba) sakmaod Zneli<br />
`gadmosabirebeli~ aRmoCn<strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong> vercerTma SeTavazebulma kombinaciam,<br />
ZiriTa<strong>da</strong>d, Sedegi ver gamoiRo. erTgvar gamonakliss<br />
warmoadgens mxolod samive pirobis gaerTianebuli varianti: am<br />
variantma skeptikos respondentTa garkveul nawilSi magistraturaSi<br />
Cabarebis mimarT interesi gaaCina.<br />
rac Seexeba im mcirericxovan respondentebs (romlebic, calcalke<br />
aRebul romelime or SeTavazebul pirobas arasakmarisad<br />
miiCneven), Tu SevTavazebT maT mier arasakmarisad gamocxadebul<br />
pirobaTa kombinacias, gansazRvruli nawili icvlis pozicias <strong>da</strong><br />
magistraturaSi Cabarebisken ixreba.<br />
Sedegebi orive jgufis mTeli SerCevisaTvis detalurad ix.<br />
cxrilSi #21:<br />
cxrili #21<br />
129
gamokiTxvis Sedegebma gamoavlina, agreTve, im respondentTa<br />
xvedriTi wili, romlebic arcerTi zemoaRniSnuli (ix. cxrili<br />
#21) ori pirobis kombinacias sakmarisad ar miiCneven imisaTvis,<br />
rom magistraturaSi CabarebisTvis pozitiurad ganewyon. esaa<br />
studentTa 5.0%,xolo kurs<strong>da</strong>mTavrebulTa 8.2%. sakiTxavia,rogor<br />
moiqcevian es respondentebi, Tu maT SesTavazeben samive pirobis<br />
gaerTianebas, anu Tu magistratura iqneba ufaso, erTwliani <strong>da</strong><br />
kurs<strong>da</strong>mTavrebul maswavlebels xelfasic gaezrdeba rogorc<br />
gamokiTxvis qvemoT motanili Sedegebi aCvenebs, am kategoriis respondentTa<br />
umravlesobaze aseTi SeRavaTi <strong>da</strong>debiTad moqmedebs<br />
<strong>da</strong> maT magistraturaSi CabarebisTvis ganawyobs (ix. cxrili<br />
#22):<br />
cxrili #22<br />
130
5.3. sasurveli minimaluri xelfasebi<br />
ismis kiTxva: ra iqnebo<strong>da</strong> maswavleblis sasurveli minimaluri<br />
xelfasi yvela im respondentisaTvis, romelic, ama Tu im pirobiT,<br />
ganaTlebis magistraturaSi Cabarebas pozitiurad uyurebs<br />
rogorc gamokiTxvis Sedegebi aCvenebs:<br />
• ganaTlebis magistraturaSi Cabarebis msurvelTa mier<br />
maswavleblad muSaobis <strong>da</strong>wyebisTvis moTxovnili minimaluri<br />
xelfasi 500-<strong>da</strong>n 600 laramde meryeobs. es ramdenadme aWarbebs<br />
(100-150 laris farglebSi) maswavleblobis `safasurs~<br />
im SemTxvevisTvis, rodesac pe<strong>da</strong>gogad muSaobis <strong>da</strong>wyebis<br />
pirobas ganaTlebis magistraturis gavla ar warmoadgens<br />
(rogorc adre aRiniSna,saSualo minimaluri sasurveli xelfasi<br />
am SemTxvevaSi 500 laramdea). maSasa<strong>da</strong>me, bakalavriatis<br />
studentebisTvis <strong>da</strong> kurs<strong>da</strong>mTavrebulebisTvis ganaTlebis<br />
magistraturis gavlis aucilebeloba (skolaSi muSaobis<br />
<strong>da</strong>sawyebad) ramdenadme aZvirebs maswavleblis vakansias.<br />
• maswavleblad muSaobis <strong>da</strong>wyebisaTvis minimaluri xelfasis<br />
<strong>raodenobis</strong> gansazRvraze gavlenas ar axdens ganaTlebis<br />
magistrturaSi Casabareblad SeTavazebuli sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva<br />
SeRavaTiani piroba: arc is, rom magistratura iyos ufaso;<br />
arc is, rom misi xangrZlivoba Semcirdes erT wlamde <strong>da</strong><br />
arc is, rom magistraturagavlil maswavleblebs gaezardoT<br />
xelfasi.<br />
• rac Seexeba minimaluri xelfasis gansazRvris SesaZlo<br />
cvalebadobebs ganaTlebis magistraturis sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva SeRavaTiani<br />
pirobis kombinaciis SemTxvevaSi,gamokiTxvam <strong>da</strong>a<strong>da</strong>stura,<br />
rom aseTi urTierT<strong>da</strong>mokidebuleba, praqtikulad, ar<br />
arsebobs.<br />
ufro detalurad Sedegebi ix. cxrilSi #23:<br />
131
gamokiTxvis Sedegebi, orive samizne jgufis saerTo SerCevisaTvis,<br />
aseTia (ix. cxrili #23):<br />
cxrili #23.<br />
132
ZiriTadi Sedegebi <strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>skvnebi<br />
samizne jgufebis (studentebisa <strong>da</strong> kurs<strong>da</strong>mTavrebulebis) umravlesoba<br />
<strong>da</strong>debiTad afasebs bolo wlebSi saSualo ganaTlebis<br />
sferoSi gatarebul reformebs <strong>da</strong> miiCnevs, rom am reformebma<br />
xeli Seuwyo saSualo ganaTlebis ganviTarebas saqarTvelo-<br />
Si. yvelaze didi mxar<strong>da</strong>Wera (orive jgufSi) wilad xv<strong>da</strong> er-<br />
Tiani erovnuli gamocdebis SemoRebas. warmatebul cvlilebebad<br />
aRiqmeba skolebSi sameurveo sabWoebis Seqmna <strong>da</strong> skolebis<br />
<strong>da</strong>finansebis vauCerul sistemaze ga<strong>da</strong>svla. <strong>da</strong>debiTi Sefasebis<br />
velSi eqceva, agreTve, skolebisaTvis axali erovnuli saswavlo<br />
gegmebis Seqmna.<br />
respondentTa gamokveTilad uaryofiTi Sefaseba (orive samizne<br />
jgufSi) wilad xv<strong>da</strong> 12 wliani saSualo ganaTlebis SemoRebas.<br />
uaryofiTi Sefasebis velSi eqceva skolis direqtorTa Ser-<br />
Cevis axali wesic.<br />
<strong>maswavlebelTa</strong> sertificirebis moTxovnis mimarT orive jgufis<br />
respondentebSi aSkara mxar<strong>da</strong>Weraa: umravlesoba miiCnevs,rom<br />
sertificireba savaldebulo un<strong>da</strong> iyos maswavleblebisaTvis.<br />
amasTan, vinc sertificirebas gaivlis, un<strong>da</strong> mieniWos sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva<br />
privilegia (mag. gaezardos xelfasi). maTi azriT, sertificirebagauvlel<br />
maswavlebels mxolod im SemTxvevaSi un<strong>da</strong> mieces<br />
skolaSi muSaobis ufleba, Tu mis saganSi pe<strong>da</strong>gogis vakansia Seuvsebeli<br />
<strong>da</strong>rCeba.<br />
saSualo ganaTlebis sferoSi arsebul problemebs Soris yvelaze<br />
mwvave problemad orive samizne jgufSi <strong>maswavlebelTa</strong>A<strong>da</strong>bali<br />
anazRaureba <strong>da</strong>saxel<strong>da</strong>. sxva problemaTa Soris met-naklebad<br />
gamoikveTa: skolebSi disciplinis moSla; <strong>maswavlebelTa</strong> <strong>da</strong>bali<br />
kvalifikacia; moswavleTa <strong>da</strong>bali motivacia swavlisaTvis; mwiri<br />
materialur-teqnikuri baza.<br />
gamokiTxvam aCvena, rom orive jgufis respondentebSi maswavleblis<br />
profesiis simboluri <strong>da</strong> realuri sazrisebi sakmaod<br />
Sordeba erTmaneTs. maswavleblis profesiis simboluri xati (anu,<br />
maswavlebloba, rogorc aseTi) realurze gacilebiT pozitiuria<br />
_ am xatis mixedviT, maswavlebloba sapatio profesiaa, romelsac<br />
swavlaSi warCinebuli <strong>da</strong> warmatebuli a<strong>da</strong>mianebi Segnebulad<br />
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irCeven. Tumca, rodesac saqme exeba am profesiis sakuTari ojaxis<br />
wevrTa gamocdilebaSi `Semotanas~, es ukve aRar warmoadgens<br />
sasurvel perspeqtivas respondentTaTvis <strong>da</strong> maTi umravlesoba<br />
sxva profesiis <strong>da</strong>uflebas uWers mxars.<br />
amis <strong>da</strong>ma<strong>da</strong>sturebelia isic, rom respondentebma aRiares maswavleblis<br />
profesiis naklebkonkurentuloba sxva profesiebTan<br />
Se<strong>da</strong>rebiT. 15 CamoTvlil profesias Soris respondentebma maswavlebloba<br />
gacilebiT naklebprestiJulad miiCnies, vidre eqimis,<br />
biznesis administratoris, Jurnalistis, mosamarTlis, umaRlesi<br />
saswavleblis pe<strong>da</strong>gogis. sportsmenis, mecnier-muSakis, msaxiobis<br />
<strong>da</strong> sxv. profesiebi. saboloo jamSi, 15 profesiisAreitingSi maswavleblobam<br />
me-10 adgili <strong>da</strong>ikava.<br />
studentTa arsebuli korpusi<strong>da</strong>n, 170 lariani anazRaurebis<br />
pirobebSi,realurad SesaZlebelia <strong>da</strong>axloebiT 17%-is rekrutireba<br />
maswavleblad. kurs<strong>da</strong>mTavrebulTa Soris aseTi potenciis matarebelia<br />
23%. kvlevis Sedegebi aCvenebs, rom maswavleblobis<br />
msurvelTa ricxvi orive samizne jgufSi mniSvnelovnad gaizrdeba,<br />
Tu moxdeba minimaluri anazRaurebis SeTavazeba 460-470 laris<br />
farglebSi. gazrdili anazRaurebis pirobebSi studentTa <strong>da</strong>matebiT<br />
63.5%, xolo kurs<strong>da</strong>mTavrebulTa <strong>da</strong>matebiT 59% loaluria<br />
maswavleblis saqmianobis mimarT (anu, es nawili skolas ganixilavs,<br />
rogorc maTi <strong>da</strong>saqmebis SesaZlo instituts).<br />
is nawili,romelic gamoricxavs skolaSi maswavleblad muSaobas<br />
(<strong>da</strong> am sakiTxs anazRaurebaze <strong>da</strong>mokidebulad ar miiCnevs)<br />
studentTa Soris 11%-ia, xolo kurs<strong>da</strong>mTavrebulTa Soris – 8%.<br />
gamokiTxvis Sedegad kidev ufro gamoikveTaAmaswavleblobis<br />
kandi<strong>da</strong>tTa baza studentTa <strong>da</strong> kurs<strong>da</strong>mTavrebulTA Soris _ im<br />
respondentTa gamoyofiT,romelTac maswavlebloba, imave rangisa<br />
<strong>da</strong> anazRaurebis sxva samsaxurTan Se<strong>da</strong>rebiT, met-naklebad prioritetulad<br />
miaCnia.<br />
saboloo jamSi, irkveva, rom studentebisa <strong>da</strong> kurs<strong>da</strong>mTavrebulebis<br />
dRes arsebul nakadSi maswavleblad <strong>da</strong>saqmebisTvis yvelaze<br />
realuri raodenoba studentebs Soris aris TiTqmis 18%,<br />
xolo kurs<strong>da</strong>mTavrebulebs Soris _ TiTqmis 20%. es maCveneblebi<br />
orive jgufisaTvis SeiZleba mniSvnelovnad gaizardos (maqsimaluri<br />
Teoriuli zRvari studentTa Soris 40%-mdea,xolo kurs-<br />
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<strong>da</strong>mTavrebulTaA Soris _ 45%-mde). amis mTavar pirobas, rogorc<br />
iTqva, minimaluri xelfasis 300%-mde gazr<strong>da</strong> warmoadgens.<br />
gamokiTxvam gamoavlina maswavleblobis yvelaze erTgul respondentTa<br />
nawili, romelic am saqmianobas ar gacvli<strong>da</strong> sxva,<br />
ufro maRalanazRaurebad samsaxurSi. rogorc <strong>mosalodneli</strong> iyo,<br />
es nawili, orive samizne jgufSi, gacilebiT mcirea, vidre maswavleblobis<br />
„Cveulebrivi“ msurvelebis: studentTa Soris aseTia<br />
4.0% (romelsac, ukeTes SemTxvevaSi, SeiZleba kidev 5.6% <strong>da</strong>ematos)<br />
<strong>da</strong> kurs<strong>da</strong>mTavrebulTa Soris _ 3.2% (romelsac, ukeTes SemTxvevaSi,<br />
SeiZleba kidev 5.5% <strong>da</strong>ematos).<br />
studentTa <strong>da</strong> kurs<strong>da</strong>mTavrebulTa mxolod mcire nawili (Sesabamisad,9.5%<br />
<strong>da</strong> 12.9%) gamoTqvams mzadyofnas imisaTvis,rom maswavlebloba,dRes<br />
arsebuli anazRaurebis pirobebSi,sxva sacxovrebel<br />
adgilas <strong>da</strong>iwyos. Tumca, anazRaurebis gazrdis SemTxvevaSi<br />
viTareba arsebiTad icvleba: Tu minimaluri anazRaureba TveSi<br />
<strong>da</strong>axloebiT 780 lari iqneba, <strong>mosalodneli</strong>a, <strong>da</strong>matebiT studentebis<br />
45.1% <strong>da</strong>Tanxmdes maswavleblobas sxva sacxovrebel adgilas.<br />
sacxovrebeli adgilis gamocvlas <strong>da</strong> maswavleblobis <strong>da</strong>wyebas<br />
SesaZleblad miiCnevs kurs<strong>da</strong>mTavrebulebis 48.7%,<strong>da</strong>axloebiT,830<br />
lariani minimaluri anazRaurebis pirobebSi.<br />
kidev ufro „Zviri“ jdeba maswavlebloba im SemTxvevaSi, Tu<br />
respondentebs mis <strong>da</strong>wyebas sTavazoben rTul klimatur <strong>da</strong> sacxovrebel<br />
pirobebSi, miT ufro, sxva regionSi ga<strong>da</strong>svliT. am SemTxvevaSi<br />
respondentTa mzaoba maswavleblobisaTvis (arsebuli<br />
anazRaurebis pirobebSi) uaRresad <strong>da</strong>balia. Tumca, finansebi am<br />
SemTxvevaSic mniSvnelovani aRmoCn<strong>da</strong> respondentTa motivaciis<br />
zrdisTvis. gansakuTrebiT maSin, rodesac saqme sakuTar regionSi<br />
rTul pirobebSi muSaobas exeba _ yoveli meore studenti,minimum<br />
820 lariani anazRaurebis pirobebSi,SesaZleblad miiCnevs maswavleblad<br />
muSaobas. yoveli meore kurs<strong>da</strong>mTavrebulisaTvis aseT<br />
viTarebaSi maswavleblobis safasuri cota ufro meti aRmoCn<strong>da</strong><br />
_ minimum 900 laramde.<br />
rac Seexeba maswavleblobis <strong>da</strong>wyebas sxva regionis rTul<br />
klimatur <strong>da</strong> sacxovrebel viTarebaSi _ anazRaurebis faqtori<br />
<strong>da</strong>debiTi motivaciis gaCenisaTvis efeqturi aRmoCn<strong>da</strong> student-<br />
Ta <strong>da</strong> kurs<strong>da</strong>mTavrebulTa, saSualod, mesamedisaTvis, Tumca, gacilebiT<br />
maRali minimaluri anazRaurebis fasad: studentebisTvis<br />
135
es minimumi 1230 laria, xolo kurs<strong>da</strong>mTavrebulebisTvis _ 1310<br />
lari. orive jgufSi yoveli meore respondenti acxadebs, rom<br />
aranairi anazRaurebis fasad ar <strong>da</strong>iwyeb<strong>da</strong> muSaobas sxva regionis<br />
sacxovreblad rTul garemoSi.<br />
orive jgufis respondentTa umravlesoba iwonebs saSualo<br />
ganaTlebis reformis farglebSi <strong>da</strong>gegmil axal iniciativebs,<br />
romlebic iTvaliswinebs imas, rom a) skolaSi maswavleblad<br />
muSaobis <strong>da</strong>wyeba SeeZleba mxolod ganaTlebis bakalavriatisa<br />
<strong>da</strong> magistraturis kurs<strong>da</strong>mTavrebulebs <strong>da</strong> b) ganaTlebis bakalavrs<br />
SeeZleba aswavlos mxolod <strong>da</strong>wyebiT klasebSi (I-VI klasi),<br />
xolo ZiriTad <strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>mamTavrebel klasebSi _ mxolod ganaTlebis<br />
magistraturis kurs<strong>da</strong>mTavrebuls.<br />
ganaTlebis magistraturaSi Cabarebis gamokveTil survils, im<br />
SemTxvevaSi, Tu is iqneba orwliani <strong>da</strong> fasiani (weliwadSi 1500<br />
lari), studentTa Soris TiTqmis 18%, xolo kurs<strong>da</strong>mTavrebulTa<br />
Soris _ 17% gamoTqvams. respondentTa <strong>da</strong>rCenili nawili, romelsac<br />
aseTi survili ar gamouTqvams, amisaTvis sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva mizezs<br />
asaxelebs, romelTa Soris ikveTeba sami: a) swavla fasiania; b)<br />
maswavlebloba ar Sedis Cems gegmebSi; g) ar Rirs magistratura-<br />
Si Cabareba im xelfasis fasad, rasac maswavleblebs uxdian.<br />
rogorc gamokiTxvis Sedegebi aCvenebs, ganaTlebis magistraturaSi<br />
Cabarebis mimarT met-naklebad skeptikurad ganwyobil<br />
respondentTa `gadmosabireblad~ efeqturia iseTi SeRavaTebi,<br />
rogoricaa magistraturis safasuris moxsna, misi xangrZlivobis<br />
erT wlamde Semcireba <strong>da</strong> magistraturis gavlis safasurad<br />
maRali anazRaurebis SeTavazeba maswavleblad muSaobis <strong>da</strong>wyebisas.<br />
<strong>da</strong>matebiT, orive jgufis respondentTa mniSvnelovan nawils<br />
(meryeobs 33%-<strong>da</strong>n 48.0%-mde), ama Tu im <strong>da</strong>saxelebuli SeRavaTis<br />
pirobebSi, gauCn<strong>da</strong> magistraturaSi Cabarebis mimarT interesi.<br />
im respondentTa xvedriTi wili, romelTaTvisac sakmarisi ar<br />
aRmoCn<strong>da</strong> arc erTi, calke aRebuli SeRavaTiani piroba imisTvis,<br />
rom ganaTlebis magistraturaSi Cabarebaze ifiqros, studentTa<br />
Soris 9.7%-ia,xolo kurs<strong>da</strong>mTavrebulTa Soris _ 6.6%. am nawilis<br />
gadmobireba, ZiriTa<strong>da</strong>d, warumatebeli aRmoCn<strong>da</strong> iseTi `momxibvleli~<br />
SeTavazebebis miuxe<strong>da</strong>vad, rogoricaa samive zemoaRniSnuli<br />
pirobis (ufaso, erTwliani magistratura <strong>da</strong> misi <strong>da</strong>srulebis<br />
Semdeg maRali anazRaureba), an maTgan romelime oris erTdrou-<br />
136
lad <strong>da</strong>kmayofileba.<br />
im respondentTa xvedriTi wili, romelTac magistraturis mimarT<br />
interesi ar gauRviZa aRniSnuli sami pirobi<strong>da</strong>n romelime,<br />
calke aRebulma orma pirobam, studentTa Soris 8.5%-ia, xolo<br />
kurs<strong>da</strong>mTavrebulTa Soris _ 11.3%. am kategoriis respondentTa<br />
garkveul nawilSi efeqturad imuSava ori SeRavaTiani pirobis<br />
gaerTianebis SeTavazebam: studentTa Soris <strong>da</strong>matebiT 3.5%, xolo<br />
kurs<strong>da</strong>mTavrebulTa Soris _ 3.1% <strong>da</strong>debiTad ganewyo ganaTlebis<br />
magistraturaSi Cabarebis mimarT.<br />
gamokiTxvis Sedegad gamovlin<strong>da</strong> respondentTa kidev erTi<br />
mcirericxovani kategoria _ isini, visTvisac arc erTi romelime<br />
ori SeRavaTiani pirobis kombinacia sakmarisi ar aRmoCn<strong>da</strong><br />
ganaTlebis magistraturis mimarT interesis gaCenisTvis (studentebSi<br />
aseTi 5.0%-ia,xolo kurs<strong>da</strong>mTavrebulebSi _ 8.2%). Tumca,aRmoCn<strong>da</strong>,rom<br />
Tu am kategorias samive zemoaRiSnul SeRavaTs erTad<br />
SevTavazebT, maTma mniSvnelovanma nawilma, <strong>mosalodneli</strong>a, pozicia<br />
Seicvalos <strong>da</strong> magistraturaSi Caabaros (studentebs Soris<br />
poziciis Secvlis mzaobas gamoxatavs 3.7%, xolo kurs<strong>da</strong>mTavrebulTa<br />
Soris 5.0%).<br />
gamokiTxvis Sedegebi aCvenebs, rom ganaTlebis magistraturis<br />
gavlis aucilebloba pe<strong>da</strong>gogad muSaobis <strong>da</strong>wyebis `safasurs~<br />
ramdenadme aZvirebs: Tu, ganaTlebis magistraturis moTxovnis<br />
gareSe, sasurveli minimaluri xelfasi TveSi 500 laramdea, magistraturaSi<br />
Cabarebis pirobis arsebobis SemTxvevaSi minimaluri<br />
xelfasis raodenoba 600 laramde matulobs. amasTan, minimaluri<br />
xelfasis <strong>raodenobis</strong> gansazRvraze gavlenas ar axdens ganaTlebis<br />
magistraturaSi Casabareblad SeTavazebuli sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva SeRavaTiani<br />
piroba: arc is, rom magistratura iyos ufaso; arc is, rom<br />
misi xangrZlivoba Semcirdes erT wlamde <strong>da</strong> arc is, rom magistraturagavlil<br />
maswavleblebs gaezardoT xelfasi.<br />
137
Semajamebeli <strong>da</strong>skvna 1<br />
1. <strong>maswavlebelTa</strong> arsebuli <strong>da</strong> <strong>saWiro</strong> raodenoba<br />
erovnuli saswavlo gegmiT (2007-2008 saswavlo wlebisTvis)<br />
gaTvaliswinebul aucilebel sagnebSi 2 dRes <strong>maswavlebelTa</strong> arsebuli<br />
raodenobaa 71,191, xolo <strong>saWiro</strong> _ 71,976, anu maswavlebel-<br />
Ta <strong>saWiro</strong> raodenoba saqarTvelos skolebSi arsebulze 785-iT<br />
metia.<br />
<strong>maswavlebelTa</strong> arsebuli <strong>da</strong> <strong>saWiro</strong> raodenobebi, regionebisa<br />
<strong>da</strong> sagnebis mixedviT mocemulia cxrilebSi ##1,2:<br />
cxrili #1: <strong>maswavlebelTa</strong> arsebuli raodenoba<br />
1 SeniSvna: Semajamebeli <strong>da</strong>skvnisTvis vixelmZRvanelebT<br />
skolebSi maswavleblebis <strong>saWiro</strong> <strong>raodenobis</strong> gansazRvris mesame<br />
variantiT, romelic, Cveni azriT, yvelaze ufro realisturad gamoiyureba.<br />
2 es sagnebia: qarTuli ena <strong>da</strong> literatura, mSobliuri ena<br />
(araqarTuli skolebisaTvis), maTematika, fizika, qimia, biologia,<br />
istoria, geografia, ucxo ena, xazva, SromiTi swavleba, samoqalaqo<br />
ganaTleba, musika, saxviTi xelovneba, fizikuri aRzr<strong>da</strong><br />
138
cxrili #2: <strong>maswavlebelTa</strong> <strong>saWiro</strong> raodenoba<br />
3 2009 wlis saswavlo gegmiT SromiTi swavleba gaerTian<strong>da</strong> saxviT <strong>da</strong> gamoyenebiT xelovnebaSi,<br />
amdenad maTi monacemebi erTa<strong>da</strong>a <strong>da</strong>Tvlili.<br />
4 samoqalaqo ganaTlebis maswavlebeli ar hyavs 590 skolas.<br />
139
2. <strong>maswavlebelTa</strong> nakleboba<br />
maswavleblebTa nakleboba ZiriTa<strong>da</strong>d modis iseT sagnebze,<br />
rogoricaa:<br />
• fizikuri aRzr<strong>da</strong> (un<strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>ematos 1703 pe<strong>da</strong>gogi, anu arsebulis<br />
53.7%);<br />
• musika (un<strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>ematos 979 pe<strong>da</strong>gogi, anu arsebulis<br />
47.3%);<br />
• samarTali-samoqalaqo ganaTleba (un<strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>ematos 544<br />
pe<strong>da</strong>gogi, anu arsebulis 36.1%);<br />
aRniSnul sagnebSi 4 <strong>maswavlebelTa</strong> nakleboba, SesaZloa,<br />
gamowveuli iyos Semdegi mizezebiT:<br />
1. axali erovnuli saswavlo gegmis mixedviT, zogierT saganSi<br />
(mag. musika) saaTebis raodenoba gazrdilia.<br />
2. moiTxoveba,rom <strong>da</strong>wyebiT klasebSi calke maswavlebeli<br />
hyavdes fizikur aRzr<strong>da</strong>s <strong>da</strong> musikas.<br />
bevr skolas aRniSnul sagnebSi saerTod ar hyavs pe<strong>da</strong>gogebi.<br />
Tavis mxriv, amis mizezebi, SesaZloa, iyos: a)skolebSi Sesabamisi<br />
infrastruqturis (sportuli <strong>da</strong>rbazi, musikis, Sromis oTaxebi <strong>da</strong><br />
sxv.) ararseboba; b) arsebuli stereotipi, rom aRniSnuli sagnebi<br />
ar aris mTavari; g) skolaSi muSaobis msurvel Sesabamis specialistTa<br />
nakleboba; d) zogierTi sagani (mag. samoqalaqo ganaTleba)<br />
Se<strong>da</strong>rebiT axalia programisTvis <strong>da</strong> sxv. gar<strong>da</strong> amisa, aRsaniSnavia,<br />
rom skolebi ganicdian deficitur sagnebSi specialistebis<br />
simcires. am sagnebs, rogorc wesi, iTavseben sxva disciplinebis<br />
maswavleblebi. kerZod, samoqalaqo ganaTlebis, maswavleblebi<br />
paralelurad arian sxva sagnebis maswavleblebic.<br />
<strong>da</strong>wyebiTi klasebis <strong>maswavlebelTa</strong> mwvave naklebobaa saqarTvelos<br />
yvela regionis TiTqmis yvela skolaSi. amis mizezi isaa,<br />
rom tradiciulad <strong>da</strong>wyebiT klasebad iTvlebo<strong>da</strong> I-IV klasebi,<br />
xolo axali erovnuli saswavlo gegmis mixedviT <strong>da</strong>wyebiT klasebad<br />
iTvleba I-VI klasebi. aqe<strong>da</strong>n gamomdinare, <strong>saWiro</strong> maswavleblebis<br />
raodenoba, MmniSvnelovnad gaizar<strong>da</strong>.<br />
140<br />
specialurad un<strong>da</strong> aRiniSnos geografiis <strong>maswavlebelTa</strong> Ses-
axeb: bazebis analizi aCvenebs, rom geografiis maswavleblTa arsebuli<br />
raodenoba <strong>saWiro</strong>ze 435-iT naklebia (anu <strong>da</strong>samatebelia<br />
arsebuli <strong>raodenobis</strong> 18.6%).<br />
Tu <strong>maswavlebelTa</strong> <strong>da</strong>nakliss regionul WrilSi ganvixilavT,<br />
TiTqmis yvela regioni imeorebs saqarTvelos masStabiT arsebul<br />
tendenciebs. Tumca, arsebobs garkveuli ga<strong>da</strong>xrebi:<br />
• samoqalaqo ganaTlebis <strong>maswavlebelTa</strong> ara Tu <strong>da</strong>naklisi,<br />
aramed siWarbec kia Tbilisis skolebSi (samoqalaqo ganaTlebis<br />
91 maswavlebeli zedmetia <strong>saWiro</strong> raodenobaze);<br />
• <strong>da</strong>matebiT, saxviTi xelovnebis maswavleblebis nakleboba<br />
fiqsirdeba qvemo qarTlis (77 maswavlebliT), samcxe-javaxeTis<br />
(75-iT), aWaris (18-iT), raWa-leCxum/qvemo svaneTis (27-iT) <strong>da</strong> mcxeTamTianeTis<br />
(19-iT) skolebSi;<br />
• samcxe-javaxeTis, raWa-leCxumis, qvemo svaneTis <strong>da</strong> mcxeTamTianTis<br />
skolebSi bunebismetyvelebis arsebul <strong>maswavlebelTa</strong><br />
raodenoba ver akompensirebs pea<strong>da</strong>gogTa naklebobas iseT sagnebSi,<br />
rogoricaa fizika, qimia, biologia.<br />
3. <strong>maswavlebelTa</strong> siWarbe<br />
<strong>maswavlebelTa</strong> arsebuli raodenoba <strong>saWiro</strong> raodenobaze metia<br />
erovnuli saswavlo gegmiT gaTvaliswinebul Semdeg aucilebel<br />
sagnebSi:<br />
• qarTuli ena <strong>da</strong> literatura (<strong>saWiro</strong> raodenoba 3,122<br />
pe<strong>da</strong>gogiT, anu 34.3%-iT naklebia arsebulze);<br />
• mSobliuri ena araqarTuli skolebisaTvis (<strong>saWiro</strong><br />
raodenoba 242 pe<strong>da</strong>gogiT, anu 31.5%-iT naklebia arsebulze);<br />
• maTematika (<strong>saWiro</strong> raodenoba 1,182 pe<strong>da</strong>gogiT, anu 17.3%-<br />
iT naklebia arsebulze);<br />
• fizika (<strong>saWiro</strong> raodenoba 423 pe<strong>da</strong>gogiT, anu 16.1%-iT<br />
naklebia arsebulze);<br />
• biologia (<strong>saWiro</strong> raodenoba 253 pe<strong>da</strong>gogiT, anu 10.3%-iT<br />
naklebia arsebulze);<br />
• istoria (<strong>saWiro</strong> raodenoba 875 pe<strong>da</strong>gogiT, anu 19.2%-iT<br />
naklebia arsebulze);<br />
• ucxo ena (<strong>saWiro</strong> raodenoba 2,649 pe<strong>da</strong>gogiT, anu 22.7%-<br />
iT naklebia arsebulze);<br />
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Tu <strong>maswavlebelTa</strong> siWarbes regionul WrilSi ganvixilavT,<br />
TiTqmis yvela regioni imeorebs saqarTvelos masStabiT arsebul<br />
tendenciebs. Tumca, arsebobs garkveuli ga<strong>da</strong>xrebi. kerZod,<br />
saqarTvelos mTian regionebSi (samcxe-javaxeTi, mcxeTa-mTianeTi,<br />
raWa-leCxum/qvemo svaneTi) ucxo enis, fizikisa <strong>da</strong> biologiis <strong>maswavlebelTa</strong><br />
naklebobaa:<br />
1. ucxo enis pe<strong>da</strong>gogebi <strong>saWiro</strong>ze naklebia samcxe-javaxeTSi<br />
89-iT, xolo mcxeTa-mTianeTSi - 24-iT;<br />
2. biologiis pe<strong>da</strong>gogebi <strong>saWiro</strong>ze naklebia samcxe-javaxeTSi<br />
41-iT, raWa-leCxum/qvemo svaneTSi - 24-iT, xolo mcxeTamTianeTSi<br />
- 15-iT;<br />
3. fizikis pe<strong>da</strong>gogebi <strong>saWiro</strong>ze naklebia samcxe-javaxeT-<br />
Si 12-iT, raWa-leCxum/qvemo svaneTSi - 19-iT, xolo mcxeTamTianeTSi<br />
- 18-iT;<br />
4. momavali 10 wlis ganmavlobaSi <strong>maswavlebelTa</strong> <strong>raodenobis</strong><br />
cvlilebis prognozi<br />
<strong>maswavlebelTa</strong> momavalSi <strong>saWiro</strong> <strong>raodenobis</strong> prognozireba<br />
eyrdnoba Semdeg <strong>da</strong>Svebebs:<br />
142<br />
1. sapensio asaks miRweuli maswavlebeli aucileblad<br />
gava pensiaze, xolo sxva mizeziT pe<strong>da</strong>gogi samuSaos ar <strong>da</strong>tovebs;<br />
2. saswavlo gegmebi arsebiTad ar Seicvleba;<br />
3. klasebis jamuri raodenoba arsebiTad ar Seicvleba.<br />
Tu aRniSnuli <strong>da</strong>Svebebi <strong>da</strong>irRva (kerZod, Tu saswavlo sagnebis<br />
saaTobrivi bade <strong>da</strong> klasebis jamuri raodenoba arsebi-<br />
Tad Seicvala, an Tu uaxloesi 10 wlis manZilze maswavlebel-<br />
Ta skolebi<strong>da</strong>n masobrivi gadineba mox<strong>da</strong>), maSin <strong>maswavlebelTa</strong><br />
<strong>raodenobis</strong> prognozirebis maCveneblebi moiTxovs Sesabamis koreqtirebas.<br />
un<strong>da</strong> aRiniSnos, rom prognozirebis modelSi mizanSewonilad<br />
ar CaiTvala demografiuli suraTis, kerZod, Sobadobis maCveneblebis<br />
gaTvaliswineba. aRsaniSnavia,rom maswavleblebis <strong>saWiro</strong><br />
raodenoba mniSvnelovanwilad <strong>da</strong>mokidebulia ara moswavleebis,
aramed klasebis raodenobaze. marTalia, moswavleebisa <strong>da</strong> klasebis<br />
raodenobaTa Soris garkveuli mimarTeba arsebobs,Tumca,es ar<br />
aris mWidro korelaciuri kavSiri _ moswavleTa saerTo raodenoba<br />
ar gansazRvravs klasebis raodenobas (magaliTad, sofelSi<br />
rogorc 5, ise 30 moswavleze erTi klasi gaixsneba, xolo 31 moswavleze<br />
ukve 2 klasis gaxsna iqneba <strong>saWiro</strong>).<br />
zemoT aRniSnuli <strong>da</strong>Svebebis gaTvaliswinebiT, momavali 10<br />
wlis ganmavlobaSi <strong>maswavlebelTa</strong> <strong>raodenobis</strong> cvlilebis prognozi<br />
aseTia:<br />
dReisaTvis sapensio asakisaa, <strong>da</strong>axloebiT, 8 500 maswavlebeli,<br />
romlebic (Cven mier miRebuli <strong>da</strong>Svebis _ pensiaSi gasvlis _<br />
SemTxvevaSi) 2009 wlamde <strong>da</strong>toveben skolas. Semdegi 10 wlis periodSi<br />
(2009-2018 ww.), amave mizeziT, weliwadSi, <strong>da</strong>axloebiT, 1000-<br />
1500 maswavlebeli <strong>da</strong>tovebs skolas.<br />
es monacemebi Seesabameba <strong>maswavlebelTa</strong> gamokiTxvis Sedegebs,<br />
romelTa Tanaxmad, momavali 10 wlis ganmavlobaSi, <strong>da</strong>axloebiT,<br />
18_20 aTasi maswavlebeli (anu <strong>maswavlebelTa</strong> saerTo <strong>raodenobis</strong><br />
<strong>da</strong>axloebiT 25%) apirebs sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva mizeziT (pensiaSi gasvla,<br />
xelfasis sicire <strong>da</strong> sxv.) skolis <strong>da</strong>tovebas.<br />
Tu gaviTvaliswinebT <strong>maswavlebelTa</strong> dReisaTvis <strong>saWiro</strong><br />
raodenobas <strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>vuSvebT, rom es moTxovna ar Seicvleba uaxloesi<br />
10 wlis manZilze, 2018 wlisTvis, <strong>da</strong>axloebiT, 20 aTasi axali<br />
maswavleblis momzadeba iqneba <strong>saWiro</strong>.<br />
regionul WrilSi suraTi ar icvleba: 2009 wli<strong>da</strong>n yvela regionSi<br />
iqneba <strong>maswavlebelTa</strong> nakleboba.<br />
uaxloes 3-4 weliwadSi <strong>maswavlebelTa</strong> Se<strong>da</strong>rebiT naklebi<br />
<strong>raodenobis</strong> momzadeba iqneba <strong>saWiro</strong> iseT sagnebSi, rogoricaa:<br />
qarTuli ena <strong>da</strong> literatura, sxva mSbliuri ena (araqarTuli<br />
skolebisTvis), istoria, ucxo ena, maTematika, fizika.<br />
2009 wli<strong>da</strong>nve <strong>maswavlebelTa</strong> nakleboba <strong>mosalodneli</strong>a Semdeg<br />
sagnebSi: musika, fizikuri aRzr<strong>da</strong>, samoqalaqo ganaTleba, aseve _<br />
qimia, biologia <strong>da</strong> geografia.<br />
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ogorc studentTa <strong>da</strong> kurs<strong>da</strong>mTavrebulTa <strong>kvleva</strong>m aCvena, am<br />
samizne jgufebis <strong>da</strong>axloebiT 20% gamoTqvams survils, arsebuli<br />
anazRaurebis pirobebSi <strong>da</strong>iwyos skolaSi maswavleblad muSaoba.<br />
2007 <strong>da</strong> 2008 wlebSi umaRles saswavlebelTa im fakultetebis<br />
bakalavriati, romlebic studentebs saskolo disciplinebis<br />
profiliT amzadeben, <strong>da</strong>asrula <strong>da</strong>axloebiT 19 000-ma studentma<br />
(9 500-ma weliwadSi), xolo bakalavriatis IV kursze ga<strong>da</strong>vi<strong>da</strong><br />
aRniSnuli profilis 3 500-mde studenti 5 . es niSnavs, rom 2007 <strong>da</strong><br />
2008 wlebSi kurs<strong>da</strong>mTavrebulTa Soris, <strong>da</strong>axloebiT, 3 800 a<strong>da</strong>miani<br />
gamoTqvams skolaSi muSaobis survils, xolo 2009 <strong>da</strong> Semdeg<br />
wlebSi kurs<strong>da</strong>mTavrebulTa Soris maswavleblobis msurvelTa<br />
ricxvi Semcirdeba <strong>da</strong> iqneba, <strong>da</strong>axloebiT, 600-700.<br />
Tu gaviTvaliswinebT, rom skolebi<strong>da</strong>n <strong>maswavlebelTa</strong> gadinebis<br />
sakompensaciod yovelwliurad <strong>saWiro</strong>a, <strong>da</strong>axloebiT, 2 000<br />
pe<strong>da</strong>gogi, maSin, savaraudoa, rom pe<strong>da</strong>gogobis msurvelTa <strong>mosalodneli</strong><br />
nakadi ver Seavsebs pe<strong>da</strong>gogTa momavalSi <strong>saWiro</strong> raodenobas.<br />
gasaTvaliswinebelia is garemoebac, rom zogierT saganSi<br />
<strong>maswavlebelTa</strong> siWarbe (mag. qarTuli ena <strong>da</strong> literatura, ucxo<br />
ena, istoria) narCundeba momavali, sul mcire, 5 wlis ganmavloba-<br />
Si. Tumca am sagnebSi <strong>maswavlebelTa</strong> siWarbis miuxe<strong>da</strong>vad, regionul<br />
WrilSi SeiZleba sxvagvari suraTi gvqondes <strong>da</strong> zogierT<br />
saswavlo disciplinaSi maswavleblis vakansia ar Seivsos.<br />
5 kurs<strong>da</strong>mTavrebulTa ricxvi 2007-2008 ww.-Si TiTqmis ganaxevr<strong>da</strong>, risi axsnac nawilobriv imiT<br />
SeiZleba, rom zogierTma umaRlesma saswavlebelma ver gaiara akreditacia.<br />
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