demokratia, ganaTleba da multikulturalizmi
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demokratia, ganaTleba da multikulturalizmi

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CaTvliT, rac iTvaliswineb<strong>da</strong> imas, moqalaqeobis formireba mmarTveli<br />

klasis strategiebis Sedegi iyo, Tu mravali socialuri brZolisa (anu,<br />

moqalaqeoba `zemo<strong>da</strong>n” moqalaqeoba `qvemo<strong>da</strong>n”-isagan gansxvavebiT); rogor<br />

gansxvavdeba moqalaqeoba gansxvavebuli iuridiuli tradiciebis<br />

gaTvaliswinebiT (magaliTad, romauli kontinenturi sistemebi britanul<br />

precendentur samarTalTan SepirispirebiT); an gansxvavebebi politikuri<br />

sistemebis tipebSi, romelSic formulirebulia moqalaqeobis cneba (mag.,<br />

liberaluri, reformistuli, avtoritaruli, monarqistuli, faSisturi <strong>da</strong><br />

avtoritarul-socialisturi) (T.Hh. marSali, 1950, 1963, 1981; mani, 1989; veberi,<br />

1966; somersi, 1993; terneri, 1986).<br />

moqalaqeobis Teoriebze <strong>da</strong> ganaTlebisaTvis maT mniSvnelovnebaze<br />

diskusiis wamosawyebad aucilebelia gavcdeT istoriul <strong>da</strong> iuridiul<br />

mosazrebebs. amis msgavsad, mniSvnelovania gavcdeT moqalaqeobis cnebas,<br />

rogorc garkveuli tipis personalur statuss, uflebebisa <strong>da</strong><br />

movaleobebis kombinacias, romelsac erovnuli saxelmwifos yvela<br />

legaluri wevri flobs. moqalaqeobis Teoriebis ganxilva moiTxovs<br />

principis Tavi<strong>da</strong>nve Camoyalibebas: Teoria, imis Sesaxeb, Tu ra aris kargi<br />

moqalaqe, Se<strong>da</strong>rebiT <strong>da</strong>moukidebeli un<strong>da</strong> iyos im sakiTxis iuridiuli<br />

problemis formaluri winapirobebisgan, Tu ras niSnavs iyo moqalaqe. es<br />

asea moqalaqeobis ormagi Teoriuli mniSvnelobis gamo: moqalaqeoba,<br />

rogorc identoba <strong>da</strong> rogorc mTeli rigi moqalaqeobrivi Rirsebebi. Tumca,<br />

rogorc SemdgomSi iqneba argumentirebuli, miuxe<strong>da</strong>vad imisa, rom<br />

moqalaqeoba rogorc identoba Warbob<strong>da</strong> moqalaqeobis Teoriebis<br />

formulirebebSi, me winamdebare teqstSi xazs vusvam imas, rom<br />

mniSvnelovania, gavcdeT am mijnas <strong>da</strong> ga<strong>da</strong>videT moqalaqeobis, rogorc<br />

moqalaqeobrivi Rirsebebis cnebaze. Tumca, politikuri ekonomikis aspeqtisa<br />

<strong>da</strong> moqalaqeobis istoriuli, struqturuli analizis saWiroebis<br />

gaTvaliswinebis gareSe, nebismieri azri imis Sesaxeb, rom moqalaqeoba<br />

umTavresad moqalaqeobrivi Rirsebebis funqciaa, SeiZleba aRqmul iqnes,<br />

rogorc idealisturi Sexeduleba. moqalaqeobriv Rirsebebs sWirdeba<br />

samoqalaqo minimumi, romelic SesaZlebelia moiZebnos mxolod istoriulstruqturul<br />

konteqstSi, sa<strong>da</strong>c es samoqalaqo minimumebi nawilobriv<br />

emTxveva ZiriTad materialur pirobebs – rogorc ganmartebulia<br />

winamdebare Tavis komentarSi – <strong>da</strong> romlebic warmoadgens ZiriTad<br />

winapirobebs sruli moqalaqeobis formirebaSi.<br />

ufro metic, moqalaqeobis Teoriebi <strong>da</strong>mokidebulia konteqstze. Zvel<br />

saberZneTSi, moqalaqis wodeba mWidrod iyo <strong>da</strong>kavSirebuli patriciebis<br />

klasTan. ra Tqma un<strong>da</strong>, moqalaqeoba did rols TamaSob<strong>da</strong> saxelmwifo<br />

saqmeebis (raison d'état) marTvis unaris mqone individTa diferencirebaSi<br />

plebeebisagan, individTagan, romlebsac ar gaaCn<strong>da</strong>T aranairi arCevani,<br />

144

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