Ammoniak-HAN-1995

Recommendations

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-xi- §1 Emission of ammonia The emission of ammonia derived from manUre as reported in the Dutch Priority Programme on Acidification (APV) is subject to large uncertainties. Locally (5 x 5 km grid) the uncertalnties at feast 40~). §2 Deposition of ammonia Figures for the deposition of ammonia are also subject to large uncertainties (50-90o/cJ at the locallevel). §3 Effects of ammonia on the environment Direct effects are marginal. The direct effects of soil acidification are of minor importance. As to the indirect effe cts of soil acidification three processes may be distinguished: • aluminium mobilisation • imbalanced nutrient availability • leakage of nitrate • In the past it was believed that an increased aluminium-concentration would reduce the vitality of trees. This is increasingly doubted. The Al-concentration level cannot be used as an indicator of critical deposition levels. • Imbalanced nutrient availability is a complex phenomenon. Exact data are difficult to co me by. The nutrient balance is strongly affected by climatological influences. • Leakage of nitrate into the groundwater cannot be related directly to ammonia deposition. The prevention of changes in vegetation as a result of eutrophication (nitrogen-enrichment) appears to have become one of the most important criteria for the determination of critical deposition levels of ammonia.
-xii- However, the value that should be placed on the prevention of vegetational changes is subjective and not clearly defined. An artificial distinction is maintained behveen natural changes in vegetation and human-induced changes. There is no demonstrated relationship between the vitality of forests and the deposition of ammonia and other acidifying elements. Dieback of forests ('\Valdsterben') as a result of the deposition of acidifying elements has not taken place and is unlikely to happen.
Page 1 and 2: De Wetenschappelijke Basis van het
Page 3 and 4: INHOUD V oorwoord van de opdrachtge
Page 5 and 6: -i- Voorwoord van de Opdrachtgever
Page 7 and 8: -iii- §1· Emissièe~ depositie va
Page 9 and 10: -ven b.) doelstellinge~' te hebben
Page 11 and 12: -vii- §1 Aanleiding van het onderz
Page 13: -ix- • De verstoring van de voedi
Page 17 and 18: -2- §1.2 Inleiding De APV-rapporta
Page 19 and 20: -4- tiemetingen van NH 3 slechts re
Page 21 and 22: -6- De NH 3 -emissies voor 1990, 19
Page 23 and 24: -8- §1.5 Conclusies De emissie van
Page 25 and 26: -10- een hoofdrol.'i De ernst van s
Page 27 and 28: -12- ligt de chemie wat gecomplicee
Page 29 and 30: -14- is niet eenvoudig te bepalen.
Page 31 and 32: -16- hetgeenleidt tot neutralisatie
Page 33 and 34: -18- Droog Nat Totaal SOx 790 210 1
Page 35 and 36: -20- afgaan op tabel 2.4.1 dan 'zou
Page 37 and 38: §3.1 Samenvatting en Conclusiés I
Page 39 and 40: -25- reinigingen verzurende deposit
Page 41 and 42: -27- worden veel waarnemingen, geda
Page 43 and 44: -29- Kortom: bodemverzuring wordt g
Page 45 and 46: -31- Laten we genoemde termen in bo
Page 47 and 48: -33- verzuring van de bodem is het
Page 49 and 50: -35- thereby masking the effe~t of
Page 51 and 52: -37- Uit labexperimenten lijkt alum
Page 53 and 54: -39- §3.4.3 Stikstofdepositie Nutr
Page 55 and 56: -41- Momenteel wordt in de meeste N
Page 57 and 58: -43- lies en stamschade ('sap bleed
Page 59 and 60: -45- sindsdien geS(;hatrelatief ten
Page 61 and 62: -47- §3.7 De Interimwet Tot slot w
Page 63 and 64: -49- bloemdijken, die niet zijn gel
Page 65 and 66:
-51- vereist hernieuwd onderzoek da
Page 67 and 68:
-54- wijl daar in de IKC-studie wel
Page 69:
-56- Coördinator: Dr. J.C. Hanekam
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Ammoniak-HAN-1995

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