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614 Ivan Sazima longer after a successful attack than after an unsuccessful one (Betts and Betts 1977). The heron’s presence every time the geese were being bread-fed as well as its arrival shortly after I managed to attract the waterfowl to their habitual place strongly indicates that the heron used the noisy aggregation as a cue to potential bread bait availability. Its absence on the bank when I threw bread to fishes and no geese was near the bridge, as well as when I threw pebbles or made mock throws, apparently strengthens the above suggestion. The potential to recognise, and learn from, a new situation is already recorded for the Green Heron (e.g., Lowell 1958, Sisson 1974, Higuchi 1986, Martínez-Vilalta and Motis 1992, Davis and Kushlan 1994) and the observations reported here add to this potential. Acknowledgments I thank my family for supporting love and help, and the CNPq for essential financial support. References Betts, B. J. and D. L. Betts (1977). The relation of hunting site changes to hunting success in green herons and green kingfishers. Condor 79:269‐271. Boswall, J. (1983) Tool-using and related behaviour: more notes. Avicultural Magazine 89:94‐108. Browning, R. (1888) The pied piper of Hamelin. London: Frederick Warne and Company. Burton, R. (1985) Bird behavior. New York: Alfred A Knopf. Davis, W. E. and J. A. Kushlan (1994) Green heron (Butorides virescens), p. 1‐19. In: A. Poole and F. Gill (eds.) The Birds of North America, No. 129. Philadelphia: The Birds of North America, Inc. Online edition, doi:10.2173/bna.129. Froese, R. and D. Pauly (2007) FishBase. World Wide Web electronic publication. (last access May 2007). Higuchi, H. (1986) Bait-fishing by the green-backed heron Ardeola striata in Japan. Ibis 128(7):285‐290. Lowell, H. B. (1958) Baiting of fish by a green heron. Wilson Bulletin 70:280‐281. Martin, P. and P. Bateson (1986) Measuring behaviour, an introductory guide. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Martínez-Vilalta, A. and A. Motis (1992) Family Ardeidae (herons), p. 376‐429. In: J. del Hoyo, A. Elliot and J. Sargatal (eds.) Handbook of the birds of the world. Vol. 1. Ostrich to ducks. Barcelona: Lynx Edicions. Sisson, R. F. (1974) Aha! It really works! National Geographic 145:53‐54. Willis, E. O. And Y. Oniki (2003) Aves do estado de São Paulo. Rio Claro: Divisa Editora.
NOTA Revista Brasileira de Ornitologia 15(4):615-616 dezembro de 2007 Spider web as a natural trap for small birds Charles Duca 1,3 and Wellington Modesto 2 1. Departamento de Zoologia, Laboratório de Ornitologia, Universidade de Brasília, 70910‐900, Brasília, DF, Brasil. Brasil. E‐mail: chduca@ig.com.br 2. Departamento de Zoologia, Laboratório de Aracnídeos Universidade de Brasília, 70910‐900, Brasília, DF, Brasil. E‐mail: silvawm@unb.br 3. Corresponding author. Present address: Rua Itabira 592/302, Bloco 03, Lagoinha, 31110‐340, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil. Recebido em 23 de agosto de 2007; aceito em 20 de dezembro de 2007. Resumo: Teia de aranha como uma armadilha natural para aves pequenas. Registramos um indivíduo de Sporophila nigricollis (Emberizidae) aprisionado em uma teia de aranha da espécie Nephilengys cruentata (Nephilidae) em uma área rural em Minas Gerais, Brasil. Embora a aranha não tenha se alimentado do pássaro, ficou evidente que as teias dessas aranhas podem ser consideradas como uma ‘armadilha natural’ para aves de pequeno porte, causando a morte de alguns indivíduos. Palavras-chave: Araneae, Emberizidae, causa de mortalidade, Nephilengys cruentata, Sporophila nigricollis. Key-words: Araneae, Emberizidae, mortality cause, Nephilengys cruentata, Sporophila nigricollis. Some bird species look for spider webs to find food or material to build the nest. For example, some hummingbirds (Sick 1997) and flycatcher species as Suiriri affinis and S. islerorum (Lopes and Marini 2005) use spider webs as material to build their nests. However, this can be a natural trap for small birds because some spider species have webs strong enough to capture prey as large as birds and bats (e.g. McCormick and Polis 1982, Texeira et al. 1991). On January 11 th 2006, we recorded a male of Sporophila nigricollis imprisoned in a web of Nephilengys cruentata (Nephilidae) located 3.8 m above the ground (Figure 1). This record was in a farm in the municipality of Conceição do Mato Dentro (18°56’07.1”S, 43°23’59.9”W), state of Minas Gerais, Brazil. We found the individual at 12:20 h and observed it to be imprisoned during 47 min. During this time, the spider tried to bite the bird twice but failed in both attempts due to the movement of the bird when the spider approached. After this Figure 1. Sporophila nigricolis male imprisoned in a Nephilengys cruentata (Nephilidae) web. Figura 1. Macho de Sporophila nigricolis aprisionado em uma teia de Nephilengys cruentata (Nephilidae). Figure 2. Sporophila nigricolis male on the ground trying to remove the spider web from its tarsus and wings. Figura 2. Macho de Sporophila nigricolis no chão tentando remover a teia de aranha presa nos seus tarsos e asas.
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