introducere in instrumente financiare derivate - Bursa de valori ...
introducere in instrumente financiare derivate - Bursa de valori ...
introducere in instrumente financiare derivate - Bursa de valori ...
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SC <strong>Bursa</strong> <strong>de</strong> Valori Bucuresti SA<br />
I. Introducere <strong>in</strong> <strong>in</strong>strumentele f<strong>in</strong>anciare <strong><strong>de</strong>rivate</strong><br />
1. Ce sunt <strong>in</strong>strumentele f<strong>in</strong>anciare <strong><strong>de</strong>rivate</strong>?<br />
Instrumentele f<strong>in</strong>anciare <strong><strong>de</strong>rivate</strong> (IFD) sunt <strong>in</strong>strumente f<strong>in</strong>anciare al caror randament are la baza<br />
randamentul oferit <strong>de</strong> un alt <strong>in</strong>strument f<strong>in</strong>anciar sau marfa, <strong>de</strong>numit activ suport (un<strong>de</strong>rly<strong>in</strong>g asset). Pr<strong>in</strong><br />
urmare, randamentul IFD este <strong>de</strong>rivat d<strong>in</strong> evolutia pretului unui <strong>in</strong>strument, marfa sau alt activ.<br />
Instrumentele f<strong>in</strong>anciare <strong><strong>de</strong>rivate</strong> pot fi <strong>de</strong>zvoltate avand la baza orice tip <strong>de</strong> activ / eveniment care are drept<br />
valoare / rezultat aleatoriu, cum ar fi: aur, valute, actiuni, <strong>in</strong>dici bursieri sau chiar temperatura atmosferica<br />
(weather <strong>de</strong>rivatives).<br />
Tranzactionarea contractelor futures si options reprez<strong>in</strong>ta o strategie complementara la tranzactionarea<br />
<strong>in</strong>strumentelor care constituie active suport (actiuni listate, titluri <strong>de</strong> stat, marfuri, etc.) pentru adm<strong>in</strong>istrarea<br />
unui portofoliu a<strong>de</strong>cvat riscului dorit <strong>de</strong> fiecare <strong>in</strong>vestitor <strong>in</strong> parte.<br />
Tranzactionarea <strong>de</strong> catre un <strong>in</strong>vestitor pentru prima data a unui <strong>in</strong>strument f<strong>in</strong>anciar <strong>de</strong>rivat conduce la<br />
<strong>in</strong>itierea unei pozitii <strong>de</strong>schise (open position), astfel:<br />
Cumparare: pozitie <strong>de</strong>schisa Long;<br />
Vanzare: pozitie <strong>de</strong>schisa Short.<br />
2. Care este rolul <strong>in</strong>strumentelor f<strong>in</strong>anciare <strong><strong>de</strong>rivate</strong>?<br />
a) Managementul riscului este cel mai important obiectiv al tranzactionarii IFD:<br />
forma <strong>de</strong> asigurare impotriva pier<strong>de</strong>rilor f<strong>in</strong>anciare <strong>de</strong>term<strong>in</strong>ate <strong>de</strong> evolutia nefavorabila a<br />
pretului sau <strong>valori</strong>i activului suport;<br />
accesul facil pe piata IFD d<strong>in</strong> punct <strong>de</strong> ve<strong>de</strong>re al costurilor <strong>de</strong> operare reduse ca urmare a faptului<br />
ca IFD reprez<strong>in</strong>ta o modalitate <strong>de</strong> asigurare impotriva riscului f<strong>in</strong>anciar.<br />
b) Descoperirea pretului (price discovery) reprez<strong>in</strong>ta un aspect important <strong>in</strong> ceea ce priveste<br />
functionarea pietelor la ve<strong>de</strong>re si la termen. Instrumentele f<strong>in</strong>anciare <strong><strong>de</strong>rivate</strong> au un rol important <strong>in</strong><br />
procesul <strong>de</strong> <strong>de</strong>scoperire a pretului „corect” (fair price), premisa necesara pentru o piata eficienta:<br />
pietele futures furnizeaza <strong>in</strong>dicii valoroase referitoare la pretul activelor suport;<br />
pietele options furnizeaza <strong>in</strong>formatii priv<strong>in</strong>d volatilitatea activelor suport.<br />
c) Cresterea lichiditatii si eficientei pietelor la ve<strong>de</strong>re si la termen reprez<strong>in</strong>ta un beneficiu al<br />
tranzactionarii <strong>in</strong>strumentelor f<strong>in</strong>anciare <strong><strong>de</strong>rivate</strong> ca urmare a utilizarii <strong>de</strong> catre o anumita categorie <strong>de</strong><br />
participanti la piata a tehnicilor <strong>de</strong> arbitraj, realizate <strong>in</strong><strong>de</strong>osebi pr<strong>in</strong> <strong>in</strong>termediul tranzactionarii asistate<br />
<strong>de</strong> calculator (program trad<strong>in</strong>g). Astfel, <strong>in</strong>strumentele f<strong>in</strong>anciare <strong><strong>de</strong>rivate</strong> contribuie la:<br />
al<strong>in</strong>irea preturilor d<strong>in</strong> piata la ve<strong>de</strong>re si la termen la nivelurile teoretice (preturile corecte);<br />
cresterea volumului tranzactionat atat <strong>in</strong> piata activului suport cat si a <strong>in</strong>strumentului f<strong>in</strong>anciar<br />
<strong>de</strong>rivat.<br />
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