2.1 LukrdksÙkj mikf/k dk;ZØe 2. tuojh vkSj tqykbZ l= esa ... - IGNOU

2-1-2 vkgkj foKku vkSj [kk| lsok izcaèku esa
,e-,llh- ¼,e-,llh-Mh-,Q-,l-,e-½
vkgkj&foKku vkSj [kk| lsok izcaèku ds {ks= esa ,e-,l-lh- dk;ZØe
vLirky@leqnk; vkgkj&foKku] [kk|&lsok izcaèku tSls jkstxkj
ds mHkjrs {ks= ds fy, yksxksa dks izf'kf{kr djus vkSj Jecy
¼vkgkj&fo'ks"kK] iks"k.k ijke'kZnkrk] [kk|&lsok izcaèkd bR;kfn½ dh
t:jrksa dh iwfrZ ds fy, rS;kj fd;k x;k gSA bl dk;ZØe esa [kk|
lsok laLFkkuksa esa dk;Z dj jgs dfeZ;ksa tSls vkgkj&fo'ks"kKksa] vkgkj
rduhf'k;uksa] ijke'kZnkrkvksa bR;kfn dh O;kolkf;d {kerkvksa dks
mUur djus ij /;ku dsafnzr fd;k x;k gSA fo|kFkhZ mRiknd dkS'kyksa
ds lkFk viuh tkudkjh esa lao`f) dj vius jkstxkj dh mUufr vkSj
vfHko`f) dj ldrs gSaA
bl dk;ZØe dh izeq[k fo'ks"krk ;g gS fd fo|kFkhZ 30 ØsfMV dk
ikB~;Øe dk;Z vkSj baVuZf'ki iwjk djus ij vkgkj foKku vkSj tu
iks"k.k esa LukrdksÙkj fMIyksek ¼ih th Mh Mh ih ,u½ izkIr dj ldrk
gSA
dk;ZØe dh lajpuk% bl dk;ZØe esa fl)kar ,oa iz;ksx nksuksa
?kVd 'kkfey gSaA ekLVj dk;ZØe esa 'kkfey ikB~;Øe ,oa mudk
ØsfMV ewY; bl izdkj gS %
ikB~;Øe dksM ikB~;Øe 'kh"kZd ØsfMV C;kSjk
fl}kar iz;ksxkRed fl)kar iz;ksxkRed
,e,Q,u&1 & & ,IykbM fQft;ksykWth 4 –
,e,Q,u&2 ,e,Q,u,y&2 U;wfVª'kuy ck;ksdsesLVªh 2 2
,e,Q,u&3 ,e,Q,u,y&3 QwM lsVh vkSj QwM
ekbØksck;ksykWth 2 2
,e,Q,u&4 ,e,Q,u,y&4 ,Mokal U;wfVª'ku 4 2
,e,Q,u&5 ,e,Q,u,y&5 Dyhfud vkSj
fFkjsI;wfVd U;wfVª'ku 4 2
,e,Q,u&6 ,e,Q,u,y&6 ifCyd U;wfVª'ku 4 2
,e,Q,u&7 ,e,Q,u,y&7 ,aVjizsujf'ki vkSj QwM
lfoZl eSustesaV 4 2
,e,Q,u&8 ,e,Q,u,y&8 fizflaiYl vkWQ QwM
lkbal 2 2
,e,Q,u&9 & fjlpZ eSFkM~l ,saM
ck;ksLVsfVDl 6 –
,e,Q,u&10 & vaMjLVSfMax daI;wVj
,Iyhds'ku 2 –
& ,e,Q,uih&11 baVuZf'ki izksxzke – 16*
& ,e,Q,uih&12 'kks/k&fuca/k – 8
* dk;Zjr vkgkj&fo'ks"kKksa }kjk dk;Z&vuqHko izek.ki= izLrqr fd, tkus ij]
mudks ØsfMV&varj.k dh lqfo/kk iznku dh tk,xhA
& ihthMhMhih,u ds fy, 12 ØsfMVA
,e-,llh ¼Mh,Q,l,e½ dk;ZØe%
izFke o"kZ % ,e,Q,u-1] ,e,Q,u-2]
ds ikB~;Øe ,e,Q,u,y-2] ,e,Q,u-3] ,e,Q,u,y-3]
,e,Q,u-6] ,e,Q,u,y-6] ,e,Q,u-8]
,e,Q,u,y-8 vkSj ,e,Q,u-10
f}rh; o"kZ % ,e,Q,u-4] ,e,Q,u,y-4]
18 bXuw lkekU; foojf.kdk
ds ikB~;Øe ,e,Q,u-5] ,e,Q,u,y-5] ,e,Q,u-7]
,e,Q,u,y-7] ,e,Q,u-9] ,e,Q,uih-11
vkSj ,e,Q,uih-12
ihthMhMhih,u dk;ZØe
ikB~;Øe % ,e,Q,u-1] ,e,Q,u-2]
,e,Q,u-3] ,e,Q,u-4]
,e,Q,u-5] ,e,Q,u,y-5]
,e,Q,u-6] ,e,Q,u,y-6]
,e,Q,u-7] ,e,Q,u,y-7 vkSj
,e,Q,uih-11
iz;ksx% iz;ksx ikB~;Øe ,e-,llh- ¼Mh ,Q ,l ,e½ dk;ZØe ,d
egRoiw.kZ Hkkx gSA iz;ksx l=ksa esa Hkkx ysuk furkar vko';d gSA
izR;sd iz;ksx ikB~;Øe 2 ØsfMV dk gS vkSj iz;ksx l= dh vof/k 7
fnu dh gS vFkkZr~ blesa pkj-pkj ?kaVs ds 14 l= gSaA l=kar iz;ksx
ijh{kk ianzgoas iz;ksx l= esa vk;ksftr dh tk,xhA
baaVuZf'ki% ,e-,llh- ¼Mh,Q,l,e½ mikf/k iznku djus ds fy,
ekU;rkizkIr vLirky@laLFkku ds vkgkj foKku foHkkx esa Ng
lIrkg dh vof/k dh baVuZf'ki vfuok;Z gS ¼ØsfMV ds varj.k ds
ekeyksa dks NksM+dj½A ihthMhMhih ,u ds fo|kfFkZ;ksa ds fy, rhu
eghus dh baVuZf'ki ¼12 ØsfMV½ vfuok;Z gSA
fo'ofo|ky; ,e-,llh- ¼Mh,Q,e,e½ dk;ZØe esa lsokjr vkgkj
fo'ks"kK ¼MkbVsfVDl ,saM ifCyd gsYFk U;wfVª'ku esa LukrdksÙkj
fMIyksek esa mikf/k lfgr½ ds fy, ØsfMV varj.k dh btktr nsrk
gS vkSj fiNys ik¡p o"kks± esa fdlh ekU;rkizkIr laLFkku@ fo'ofo|ky;
ftlus rhu eghus ds baVuZf'ki dk;ZØe dks lQyrkiwoZd iwjk fd;k
gksA
2-1-3 xzke fodkl esa ,e-,- ¼,e-,-vkj-Mh-½
xzkeh.k lekt ls lacafèkr fodkl ds eqíksa dks le>us esa xzke fodkl
fo"k; dk vR;ar egRo gSA xzke fodkl esa LukrdksÙkj dk;ZØe dh
ikB~; lkexzh esa ,sls fofHkUu 'kS{kf.kd fo"k;ksa dks 'kkfey fd;k x;k gS
tks Hkkjrh; ifjizs{; esa bl fo"k; ds fy, vfr vko';d gSaA bl
dk;ZØe dk ,d vfuok;Z Hkkx 'kksèkdk;Z gS tks fd xzkeh.k {ks= esa fd,
x, vuqHkotU; 'kksèk ij vkèkkfjr gSA ;g dk;ZØe xzkeh.k ifjorZu esa
layXu fofHkUu ljdkjh foHkkxksa@vfHkdj.kksa@xSj ljdkjh laxBuksa]
lgdkjh lfefr;ksa] cSadksa vkSj vU; laLFkkvksa esa dk;Zjr dfeZ;ksa ds fy,
mi;ksxh gksxkA xzke fodkl ds {ks= esa dke djus ds bPNqd uo
Lukrdksa ds fy, Hkh ;g dk;ZØe mi;ksxh gksxkA
dk;ZØe esa fuEufyf[kr ikB~;Øe gSa%
ikB~;Øe dksM ikB~;Øe dk 'kh"kZd ØsfMV
izFke o"kZ
vfuok;Z ikB~;Øe
,e-vkj-Mh - -101 xzke fodkl & Hkkjrh; lanHkZ 6
,e-vkj-Mh- -102 xzke fodkl dk;ZØe 6
,e-vkj-Mh- -103 xzke fodkl & ;kstuk vkSj izcaèk 6
,e-vkj-Mh- -4 xzke fodkl esa 'kksèk i)fr;k¡ 6
,e-vkj-Mh-ih- -1 'kksèk fucaèk 1 2