ÒmgZj A‡ji Avw`evmx RvwZ‡Mvôxi fw g mgm¨v I mgvav‡bi DcvqÓ ...

5. f~wg †diZ I wg_¨v gvgjv evwZj: Avw`evmx‡`i †e`LjK…Z, Awc©Z kΓ m¤§wZi bv‡g `LjK…Z Rwg,
Rei`Lj nIqv mKj Rwg I f~wg AvBbMZ ¯^xK…wZmn Avw`evmx‡`i gv‡S wdwi‡q w`‡Z n‡e|
Avw`evmx‡`i f~wg msµvš— Avw`evmx‡`i bv‡g `v‡qiK…Z wg_¨v gvgjv Ges ebwefv‡Mi wg_¨v I ev‡bvqvU
gvgjvmg~n evwZj Ki‡Z n‡e| c~‡e© AwaMÖnYK…Z Rwgi Rb¨ c~Yv©½ wZc~iY Ges AwaMÖn‡Yi cvIbv cÖvc¨
UvKv †kva Ki‡Z n‡e|
6. RvZxq I Avš—©RvwZK AvB‡bi ev¯—evqb : Avw`evmx A‡j RvZxq I Avš—RvwZ©K AvBb I mb`‡K gvb¨
K‡i Avw`evmx‡`i c~Y© m¤§wZ Qvov †Kv‡bv evwYwR¨K Lbb, cÖKí, we‡bv`b‡K›`ª ev Dbœqb AeKvVv‡gv M‡o
†Zvjv hv‡e bv|
7. bvixi f~wg AwaKvi : Avw`evmx f~wgi Dci `wi`ª cÖvwš—K bvixi mgAwaKvi cÖwZôv Ki‡Z n‡e|
f~wg‡Kw›`ªK bvixi Kg©cwim‡ii wbivcËv wbwðZ Ki‡Z n‡e|
8. ¯’vbxq KvVv‡gv kw³kvjxKiY : ¯’vbxq BDwbqb cwil`‡K Kvh©Ki I kw³kvjx Kivi gva¨‡g ¯’vbxqfv‡e
f~wgAv`vjZ I f~wgcivgk© †K›`ª ¯’vcb Ki‡Z n‡e| f~wg welqK ¯’vbxq miKvi KvVv‡gv‡Z ¯’vbxq ¯^ ¯^
Avw`evmx mgv‡Ri wbR¯^ kvmb KvVv‡gvi cÖwZwbwa †bZ…Z¡‡K ghv©`vi mv‡_ Aš—©f~³ Ki‡Z n‡e|
9. f~wg cÖwZ‡ek I cwi‡ek : Avw`evmx GjvKvi f~wg‡Z f~wgi cwi‡ek-gvwUi ¯^v¯’¨-cÖwZ‡ek-cÖvY‰ewPΨ bó
nq Ggb †Kv‡bv Dbœqb cÖKí ‡bqvi c~‡e© Avw`evmx‡`i c~Y©m¤§wZ _vK‡Z _vK‡Z n‡e|
10. Lvm Rwgi AwaKvi : ¯’vbxq LvmRwg‡Z Avw`evmx‡`i c~Y© AwaKvi wbwðZ Ki‡Z n‡e| G‡‡Î f~wgnxb
Avw`evmx gyw³‡hv×v cwievi, bvixcÖavb cwievi, f~wg-K…wl-cwi‡ek-ebf~wg I AwaKvi ivi Av‡›`vj‡b
knx` cwievi‡K AMÖvwaKvi w`‡q we‡ePbv Ki‡Z n‡e|
Avgiv Avkv Kwi Avgiv AvjvcwU‡Z mgZj A‡ji Avw`evmx‡`i f~wg mgm¨v, mgm¨vi aiY, Kvib, HwZnvwmKZv,
wKQy mswß weeiY Ges mgm¨v mgvav‡b KiYxq wK n‡Z cv‡i Ggb wKQy cÖ¯—veI nvwRi Ki‡Z †c‡iwQ| AvR‡Ki
AvjvcwU mgZj A‡ji Avw`evmx‡`i f~wg mgm¨v mgvav‡b wKQy wPš—v awi‡q †`qvi m~Îai †Mv‡Qi weeiY| Avgiv
`„pfv‡e cÖZ¨vkv Kwi mgZ‡ji Avw`evmx‡`i f~wg mgm¨v mgvav‡b miKv‡ii cvkvcvwk MYgva¨gmn GK wekvj
bvMwiK mgvRI GB cÖkœnxb weivRgvb mgm¨v mgvav‡b Av‡iv AwaKZi MwZkxj n‡q DV‡e| mgZ‡ji Avw`evmxiv
wb‡R‡`i f~wg‡Kw›`ªK Rxeb `k©b‡K e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z wM‡q e‡jb, ...Avgiv f~wg †_‡K Avwm, Avevi f~wg‡Z wd‡i hvB|
Avgiv Avw`evmx RbM‡Yi †mB Awe¯§iYxq f~wg ¯^cœ I `k©b‡K Qyu‡Z PvB| Avi GwU m¤¢e hw` Avgiv GLb †_‡KB
ivR‰bwZKfv‡e Gi myivnvi Rb¨ cÖ¯‘wZ wbB| mbœ¨vmx we‡`ªvn ( 1763-1800), Iqvnvex Av‡›`vjb ( 1831),
div‡qRx Av‡›`vjb( 1838-48), bxj we‡`ªvn(1859-61), wmivRMÄ K…lKcÖRv we‡`ªvn ( 1872-73), Pzqvi
we‡`ªvn(1770-99), PvKgv we‡`ªvn(1776-87), bv‡qK we‡`ªvn(1806-16), nvZx‡L`v Av‡›`vjb ( 18 kZ‡Ki
†klfvM), cvMjcš’x Av‡›`vjb( 1825-27), †Kvj we‡`ªvn( 1823-1889), wÎcyivi Av‡›`vjb ( 1844-90), ûj
ev mvuIZvj we‡`ªvn( 1855), †gvcjv we‡`ªvn( 1836-96), gyÛv we‡`ªvn ( 1895-1900), wmcvnx we‡`ªvn (1857),
UsK Av‡›`vjb, Lvwmqv we‡`ªvn, †ZfvMv Av‡›`vjb, bvbKvi we‡`ªvn, fvbywej cÖRv¯^Z¡ Av‡›`vjb, Pv evMv‡b nvZeÜ
Av‡›`vjb, B‡KvcvK© we‡ivax Av‡›`vjb, dzjevwo KqjvLwb Av‡›`vjbmn cÖwZw`‡bi hvwcZ Rxe‡b Avgiv
Avw`evmxmn †`‡ki †gnbwZ wbæe‡M©i jovKz i³‡mªvZ enb K‡i P‡jwQ Kvj †_‡K Kv‡j, BwZnvm †_‡K BwZnv‡mi
cv‡b| Avgiv Aek¨B Avw`evmx‡`i ewÂZ f~wg AwaKvi‡K GKw`b mdj K‡i Zzj‡Z cvi‡evB|
exiev›Uv Avw`evmx eqnv-wg‡miv‡Kv
‡` †e‡ir†c †` †Zs‡Mvb‡c
‡Kv¤^‡ov‡Kv nv‡gU AvKvr Av‡evqv Rxqb AvB`vix Avi nvmv wRivZ
jvonvB Kv‡Z‡iun‡evb i“wLqv iƒqvo †Mqv
KzwW-‡UsMb, Av: Avcvwo Avi UvOw&M jv‡migv‡evb R‡Zv RgK‡Z
Rvbvg-nvmv wRivZ iƒqvo jvwMr
wZwiqv avgmv mv‡W iƒqvov‡evb h‡Zv Av‡Zv RvMvI‡i|
Rvbvg-nvmv, iix›`ªbv_ m‡ib
( mvuIZvjx fvlvq †jLv iex›`ªbv_ m‡i‡bi Rvbvg-nvmv KweZvi evsjv gv‡b `vuovq ÔRb¥f~wgÕ| msMÖvgx Avw`evmx fvB †ev‡biv/ †R‡M I‡Vv,
`vuovI/ †Pv‡iiv Avgv‡`i AwaKvi I Rwg RvqMv `Lj K‡i‡Q/nviv‡bv m¤ú` ivi Rb¨ jovB K‡iB Zv iv Ki‡ev/†Kv`vj-Kzovj-Zxi-
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