ÒmgZj A‡ji Avw`evmx RvwZ‡Mvôxi fw g mgm¨v I mgvav‡bi DcvqÓ ...

ÒmgZj A‡ji Avw`evmx RvwZ‡Mvôxi f~wg mgm¨v I mgvav‡bi DcvqÓ
kxl©K †Mvj‡Uwej Av‡jvPbv
16 †deª“qvix 2010, mKvj 10.00 Uv, wmiWvc wgjbvqZb, †ZvdLvbv †ivW, XvKv|
†hŠ_ Av‡qvR‡b: RvZxq Avw`evmx cwil`, Kv‡cs dvD‡Ûkb, MÖvg weKvk †K›`ª
...........................................................................................................
mgZj A‡ji Avw`evmx RvwZ‡Mvôxi f~wg mgm¨v I mgvav‡b KiYxq
cv‡fj cv_© 1
DrmM©
PjwZ †jLvwU DrmM© Kiv n‡”Q †`‡ki GK cÖexY †ZuZzj MvQ‡K| myojv †gŠRvi mv‡eK 463 I nvj 502 `v‡Mi 81 kZK
Rwg GB †ZuZzjZjv †`e¯’v‡bi Aš—©f~³ hv Rbmvavi‡bi †`e¯’vb wn‡m‡e 1bs Lvm LwZqvb Aš—©f~³ n‡q‡Q| PvcvBbeveM‡Äi
bv‡Pv‡ji myojv MÖv‡gi GB cÖexY ‡ZuZzj e„ e‡i›`ªf~wgi Avw`evmx‡`i i³v³ f~wgAv‡›`vj‡bi ¯^vx|
exi w`k UvwÛ Kv‡Z
wejvb evBnvo †evb ˆZqvi †j`v †nv
mvuIZvj n‡cvb ey` AvwKj †eMi‡Z
mvZz evqvs ‡Vb
mvbvg Rwg †evb nv‡gU I †Pv‡qbv|
AvwMj nvcovg gnvRb †Vb
AvwW KPjb †Kv KPjb †Kt †Kvqv
nvq‡i nvq‡i nvq evQv‡i
mvuIZvj AvwW AvZ KPjb †Kv Rg †j`v 2 ||
( e‡i›`ªf~wgi IuivI I mvuIZvj‡`i GK cÖavb mvgvwRK cie Kvivg| GwU Kvivg ci‡ei GKwU MxZ| Gi GK ai‡bi evsjv GBiKg : eb
R½j cwi®‹vi Kwi, Rwg Rgv ˆZwi Kwi| gnvRb †bq †K‡o| g~L© mvuIZvj ZvB, Rwg hvq nvZ †Q‡o||
c~e© cyi“l hviv wQj, gnvRb Øviv| AZ¨vPvi Avi †kvl‡Y n‡jv me©nviv|
nvq nvq wePvi AvPvi bvB| mvuIZvj Avgiv wbhv©wZZ ZvB||)
evsjv‡`‡ki ÔmgZj A‡jiÕ Avw`evmx‡`i f~wgmgm¨v Ges mgvav‡b KiYxq welq wb‡q AvR‡Ki Avjvc ïi“ n‡”Q|
e¨w³MZ evnvm _vK‡jI AvR‡Ki Avjv‡c Ômvavibfv‡e PjwZ A‡_©Õ e¨eüZ aviYv †_‡KB ÔmgZj AÂjÕ cÖcÂwU
GLv‡b e¨envi Kiv n‡q‡Q| mvavibZ: cve©Z¨ PÆMÖvg Ges mgy`ª DcK’jxq GjvKv ev‡` †`‡ki DËi-cwðgvÂj,
e‡i›`ªf~wg, e„nËi wm‡jU I gqgwbsn AÂj, DËi-c~‡e©i mxgvš— GjvKv, `wY-cwðvÂj my›`ieb, Pjbwej,
nvIivÂj, gaycyi I fvIqvj Mo GjvKv‡K GKKfv‡e ÔmgZj AÂjÕ wn‡m‡e GKUv mvavib cwiP‡q we‡ePbv Kiv
1 M‡elK, RbDw¢`we`¨v I cÖvY‰ewPΨ msiY, eviwmK, evmv-50, moK-16(bZzb), cyivZb-27, avbgwÛ, XvKv-1209, evsjv‡`k| animistbangla@gmail.com
2 gvwbK, AvLZvi DwÏb| 1998, evsjv‡`‡ki mvuIZvj mgvR, DËiv cÖKvkbv, XvKv, c„. 34-35
1

n‡”Q| Avgiv Rvwb †fŠMwjK wfbœZvq †`‡ki wÎkwU cÖavb K…wlcÖwZ‡ek AÂj Ges 17wU nvB‡WªvjwRK¨vj A‡ji
me¸‡jvB ˆewPΨ I ˆef‡e wfbœ wfbœ ˆewk‡ó¨i| e‡i›`ª ev Mo ev wm‡j‡Ui wUjv ebf~wg wKsev Pjbwej GjvKv
†Kv‡bvUvB f~‡Mv‡ji gvcKvwV‡Z ÔmgZjÕ bq| ZviciI PjwZ mg‡q cve©Z¨ PÆMÖv‡gi Ôcvnvwo A‡ji Avw`evmxÕ
Ges Gi evB‡i †`‡ki mgy`ª DcK’jxq GjvKvev‡` mKj A‡ji Avw`evmx‡`i ÔmgZj A‡ji ev mgZ‡ji
Avw`evmxÕ wn‡m‡e wPwýZKi‡Yi GKUv AvcvZ mvavib cwiwPwZ ˆZwi n‡q‡Q| AvR‡Ki Avjv‡c †mB mvavib Pj
†_‡KB Avgiv ÔmgZj AÂjÕ aviYvwU‡K e¨envi K‡iwQ|
‡h‡Kv‡bv Avjv‡c g‡bv‡hvMx nIqvi Rb¨ Avjv‡ci mvavib kZ© I cÖ‡qvMmg~‡ni wewa †Lvjvmv Kiv Ri“ix| †`‡ki
RvwZMZfv‡e cÖvwš—K wbæe‡M©i RYM‡bi GK wekvj Ask wb‡R‡`i ÔAvw`evmxÕ wn‡me †h cwiPq `vuo Kwi‡q‡Qb †mB
Ômvavib PjÕ †_‡KB AvR‡Ki Avjv‡c ÔAvw`evmxÕ cÖcÂwUI RvqMv Kivi AwaKvi ˆZix K‡i‡Q| ÔRvwZÕ, ÔRvZxqZvÕ
Ges ÔRvwZ-ivóªÕ PjwZ mg‡qi RvZxq I Avš—©RvwZK ivRbxwZi ¸i“Z¡c~Y© cÖm½ 3 | hw`I mvsweavwbKfv‡e iv‡óªi
GKgvÎ ivóªfvlv evsjv, wKš‘, RvwZMZfv‡e ‡`‡ki MwiôfvM evOvwj Ges evOvwj wfbœ Acivci cÖvwš—K RvwZ
Kv‡iviB mvsweavwbK RvwZMZ ¯^xK…wZ †bB| Avw`evmxiv `xN©mgqe¨vwc mvsweavwbK ¯^xK…wZi `vwe Rvwb‡q Avm‡jI
ivR‰bwZKfv‡e Avw`evmx‡`i cwiPq‡K bvbvb mg‡q bvbvbfv‡e wPwýZ Kiv n‡q‡Q Ges n‡”Q| iv‡óªi wewfbœ bw_
`wjj Ges cÖPviYvq Avw`evmx‡`i wbR¯^ cwiPq wN‡i iv‡óªi GB eûgvwÎK we‡ivac~Y© PwiÎ iv‡óªi `~e©j KvVv‡gv‡KB
nvwRi K‡i| Avjv‡c †XvKvi Av‡M GBme evnvm ¸‡jv GKÎ Kiv Ri“ix|
weªwUk kvmbvg‡j cÖewZ©Z 1900 mv‡ji cve©Z¨ PÆMÖvg kvmbwewai 4,6,34,45,50 avivq Ô Indigenous
hillman(Avw`evmx cvnvox) wn‡m‡e D‡j−L Kiv n‡q‡Q| The Indian Income Tax act of 1922, The
Indian Finance act of 1941, The Forest act of 1927 GBme AvBb bxwZi †‡ÎI ` Indigenous
hillman’ K_vwU D‡j−L Kiv n‡q‡Q| cveZ©¨ GjvKvq cÖPwjZ evRvi dvÛ i“jm(1937), f~wg LwZqvb(cve©Z¨
PUªMÖvg) Aa¨v‡`k 1984, cve©Z¨ †Rjv cwil` AvBb 1989 ¸‡jvI cve©Z¨ Avw`evmx‡`i cÖm½ wb‡q ˆZix| ivóªxq
AwaMÖnY I cÖRv¯^Z¡ AvB‡bi(1950) 97 aviv‡Z GewiwRbvj kãwU Av‡Q hv evsjv‡`‡k ÔBbwWwRbvmÕ k‡ãi
KvQvKvwQ Ges evsjvq Gi gv‡b ÔAvw`evmxÕ k‡ãiB av‡iKv‡Q, KL‡bvB ÔDcRvwZÕ bq| 1984 mv‡ji AvqKi
Aa¨v‡`‡ki lô Zdwk‡ji 27bs Aby‡”Q‡` wZb cve©Z¨ †Rjvi cvnvwo RbMY‡K Avw`evmx e‡j AvL¨vwqZ Kiv
n‡q‡Q| 2002 mv‡ji 20 †deª“qvwi cÖavbgš¿xi Kvhv©j‡qi cÖKí Kg©m~wP msµvš— bxwZgvjvq Avw`evmx kã e¨envi
Kiv n‡q‡Q| ms¯’vcb gš¿Yvj‡qi 1991 mv‡j 13 †deª“qvwi wewa 1 kvLv 143 bs ¯§vi‡K cve©Z¨ PUªMÖv‡gi
Awaevmx‡`i Avw`evmx wn‡m‡e ejv n‡q‡Q| 1995 m‡b RvZxq msm‡` cÖYxZ 12bs AvB‡b Ges G AvB‡bi
Kvh©KvixZv cÖm‡½ RvZxq ivR¯^ †evW© KZ…©K 12 RyjvB 1996 Bs Zvwi‡L †jLv miKvix cwic‡ÎI ÔAvw`evmx
wMwievmx (Indigenous hillman) kãwU D‡j−L Kiv n‡q‡Q| GQvovI cÖavbgš¿xi we‡kl Znwej †_‡K
Avw`evmx‡`i Rb¨ †h eivÏ †mLv‡b Ô msL¨vjNy b„-ZvwË¡K Rb‡MvôxÕ kãLvbv e¨eüZ n‡q‡Q| 2003 mv‡j
evsjv‡`k Avw`evmx †dviv‡gi Avw`evmx w`e‡mi cÖKvkbv msnwZ‡Z (9/8/2003 ) ZrKvjxb cÖavbgš¿x ÔAvw`evmxÕ
D‡j−L K‡i evYx w`‡q‡Qb| 2005 mv‡ji `vwi`ª¨ we‡gvPb †KŠkjc‡Î Avw`evmx kãwU mshy³ n‡q‡Q|
iv‡óªi GiKg bvbvb AvBb I `wj‡j †hgb ÔAvw`evmxÕ kãwU Av‡Q Avevi ÔDcRvwZÕ kãwUI Av‡Q| weªwUk Avg‡j
cve©Z¨ PÆMÖvg Ôcve©Z¨ PÆMÖvg kvmbwewa 1900 Abyhvqx kvwmZ nq| 1918 m‡bi e½xq AvB‡bI ÔAvw`evmxÕ kãwU
cvIqv hvq 4 | cieZ©x‡Z Ôcve©Z¨ PÆMÖvg AvÂwjK cwil` AvBbÕ1998 Abymv‡i cÖvwš—K RvwZ Aa~¨wlZ G AÂj
DcRvwZ Aay¨wlZ AÂj wn‡m‡e ¯^xK…wZ cvq| iv‡óªi mKj cvV¨cy¯—‡K ÔDcRvwZÕ k‡ãi mv‡_ †Kv_vI †Kv_vI
Avw`evmxI hy³ Kiv n‡q‡Q| GwkqvwUK †mvmvBwU cÖKvwkZ evsjvwcwWqvI Dcwb‡ewkK DcRvwZ kãwU †i‡L‡Q|
1985-1997 mvj ch©š— me©‡gvU 26 evi AvbyôvwbK ‰eV‡Ki avivevwnKZvq 1997 mv‡j 2 wW‡m¤^i MYcÖRvZš¿x
3 Mohsin, Amena. 2002 (2 nd ed), The politics of nationalism : the case of the Chittagong hill tracts Bangladesh, The
University press limited, Dhaka, p.1
4 `ªs, mÄxe| 2008| Avw`evmx gvbevwaKvi 2008, evsjv‡`k Avw`evmx †dvivg, XvKv, c„.11
2

evsjv‡`k miKvi I cve©Z¨ PÆMÖvg RbmsnwZ mwgwZi g‡a¨ ‡h cve©Z¨ Pzw³ ¯^vwiZ nq †mLv‡bI D‡j−L Kiv nq,
mKj †‡ÎB DcRvwZ kãLvwbB ejer _vK‡e| ivóªxqfv‡e ivRkvnx-iv½vgvwU-LvMovQwo-‡b·KvYv‡Z
Avw`evmx‡`i Rb¨ †hme mvs¯‹…wZK GKv‡Wgx Kiv n‡q‡Q, †mLv‡bI D‡j−L Kiv n‡q‡Q, DcRvZxq
mvs¯‹…wZK/KvjPvivj GKv‡Wgx| m¤cÖwZ GBme GKv‡Wgxi bvg cwieZ©b Kivi Rb¨ ivóªxq AvBb ˆZix n‡q‡Q|
evsjv‡`‡ki wewfbœ b„ZvwËK Rb‡Mvôx I m¤cÖ`v‡qi Abb¨ ˆewkó¨c~Y© AvÂwjK mvs¯‹…wZK HwZn¨ msiY, Dbœqb I
weKv‡ki j‡¨ b„ZvwË¡K Rb‡Mvôxi mvs¯‹…wZK cÖwZôvb cÖwZôv I Avbylvw½K welqvw` m¤ú‡K© weavb cÖYqbK‡í
AvbxZ we‡j Ôb„ZvwË¡K Rb‡MvôxÕ A_© wn‡m‡e ejv n‡q‡Q, Adwm‡j Dwj−wLZ wewfbœ Avw`evmx Z_v b„ZvwË¡K Rb‡Mvôx
I †kªYxi RbMY| Dwj−wLZ we‡ji aviv 2(1) Ges aviv 19 G PvKgv, gvigv, wÎcyiv, †gªv, Z½v, eg, cvs‡Lvqv,
PvK, wLqvs, Lywg, jymvB, †KvP, mvuIZvj, Wvjy, DmvB(DmyB), ivLvBb, gwYcyix, Mv‡iv, nvRs, Lvwmqv, gs, IivI,
eg©Y, cvnvox, gvjcvnvox bv‡g †gvU 25 Rb‡Mvôxi bvg Aš—f~©³ Kiv n‡q‡Q 5 |
Avš—RvwZ©K AvB‡bi g‡a¨ AvBš—©RvwZK kªg AvBb (AvBGjI) Kb‡fbkb 107 G ÔAvw`evmx I DcRvwZÕ kãwU
e¨vLv Ki‡Z wM‡q Kb‡fbk‡bi 1(L) Aby‡”Q‡` ejv n‡q‡Q, Zviv †`‡k emevmiZ †mB Rb‡Mvôxmg~‡ni eskai
A_ev †`‡ki Af¨š—‡i GKwU mywb`©ó A‡j emevm K‡i Dc‡iv³ AÂjmg~n AwaK…Z nevi c~‡e© ev Dcwb‡ewkKZv
¯’vc‡bi c~‡e©| ¯^Zš¿fv‡e AvBbx ghv©`vi wfwˇZ Zviv mvejxjfv‡e mvgvwRK, A_©‰bwZK Ges mvs¯‹…wZK
cÖwZôvbmg~n †fvM Ki‡Zv †mB mg‡q eZ©gv‡b Zviv †hme †`‡k emevm Ki‡Q Zvi Zzjbvq| Aciw`‡K 1989
mv‡ji Avš—©RvwZK kªg AvB‡bi 169 Gi 1(L) †ZI GKBfv‡e D‡j−L Kiv nq †h, ¯^vaxb †`‡ki Rb‡Mvôxmg~‡ni
g‡a¨ ZvivB Avw`evmx wn‡m‡e we‡ewPZ n‡e Dc‡iv³ †`‡ki emevmiZ Rb‡Mvôxi eskavivi wfwˇZ A_ev †mB
†fŠMwjK A‡j †hwU eZ©gvb mywbw`©ó ivóª mxgvbvi g‡a¨ Aš—©f~³ n‡q‡Q AwaK…Z nIqvi gva¨‡g wKsev
Dcwb‡ewkKZvi Kvi‡b A_ev eZ©gvb ivóªmxgv m„wói cÖv°v‡j| Aciw`‡K Zviv ¯^Zš¿fv‡e AvBb ghv©`v †fvM Ki‡Q
AvswkK ev cwic~Y©fv‡e Zv‡`i ¯^ ¯^ mvgvwRK, A_©‰bwZK, mvs¯‹…wZK I ivR‰bwZK cÖwZôv‡bi Dci wfwË K‡i 6 |
`ªs (2008) Rvwb‡q‡Qb, evsjv‡`‡k DcRvwZ wKsev Avw`evmx kãwU A‡bK mgq GK Ac‡ii cwic~iK wn‡m‡e
miKvwifv‡e we‡ewPZ nq 7 | 1985-1997 mvj ch©š— me©‡gvU 26 evi AvbyôvwbK ‰eV‡Ki avivevwnKZvq 1997
mv‡j 2 wW‡m¤^i MYcÖRvZš¿x evsjv‡`k miKvi I cve©Z¨ PÆMÖvg RbmsnwZ mwgwZi g‡a¨ GB cve©Z¨ Pzw³ ¯^vwiZ
nq hv A‡b‡Ki Kv‡QB kvwš— Pzw³ bv‡g cwiwPZ| D³ Pzw³i cÖ_g kZ©‡ZB ÔDcRvwZÕ kãwU ejer ivLvi K_v ejv
n‡q‡Q| evsjv‡`k ebwefvM KZ…©K ‰`wbK cÖ_g Av‡jv cwÎKvq 7 Ryb, 2003 L„. - G Ôgaycyi RvZxq D`¨vb Dbœqb
cÖKíÕ m¤úwK©Z GKwU weÁvcbwU gaycy‡ii Avw`evmx‡`i ÔAvw`evmxÕ wn‡m‡e D‡j−L K‡i evsjv‡`k ebwefvM 8 |
5 m~Î : evtmtgyt-3112 wR-09/10 (Kg/wR), 1,100 Kwc, 2009
6
`ªs, mÄxe| 2008| Avw`evmx gvbevwaKvi 2008, evsjv‡`k Avw`evmx †dvivg, XvKv, c„.11-12
7
c~‡ev©³, c„.12
8
wewfbœ cwÎKvq gaycyi RvZxh D`¨vb Dbœqb cÖKíi cÖKvwkZ msev‡`i wel‡q ebwefv‡Mi e¨vL¨v : wewfbœ cwÎKvq gaycyi RvZxq D`¨vb Dbœqb cÖK‡íi
AvIZvq mxgvbv cÖvPxi wbg©v‡Yi d‡j ¯’vbxq Avw`evmx‡`i D‡”Q`, †MU wbg©vY, hvZvqZ evavMÖ¯— Kiv, Pvlvev` wewNœZ Kiv, †Uvj Av`vq BZ¨vw` wel‡q
RbM‡Yi g‡a¨ weåvwš— m„wó n‡Z cv‡i weavq Dnv wbim‡bi j‡¨ Gm¤^‡Ü ebwefv‡Mi c †_‡K wb‡æv³ e¨vL¨v †`Iqv n‡jv:gaycyi RvZxq D`¨vbwU 21
nvRvi GKi msiwZ ebf~wg wb‡q MwVZ| AZx‡Z GB kvjebwU wewea cÖRvwZi MvQ I eb¨ cï-cvwL‡Z mg„× wQj | Kvjµ‡g Bnvi cÖvq A‡a©K GjvKv
¯’vbxq Avw`evmx I A-DcRvZxq‡`i Øviv Rei `Lj n‡q hvq, d‡j cÖvK…wZK cwi‡ek I Rxe‰ewP‡Îi gvivZ¥K weNœ N‡U| eZ©gv‡b RvZxq D`¨vb GjvKvq
wKQy msL¨K evbi, nbygvb, nwiY, I Ab¨vb¨ cï-cvwL Av‡Q, hviv Lv`¨ I wbivc` Avkªq¯’‡ji Afv‡ei g‡a¨ w`bvwZcvZ Ki‡Q| Rxe‰ewPÎ msiY I cïcvwLi
wbivc` Avevm¯’j m„wói j‡¨ miKvi 1999-2000Bs Avw_©K mv‡j evOjv‡`k miKv‡ii wbR¯^ A_©vq‡b gaycyi RvZxq D`¨vb Dbœqb cÖKí
Aby‡gv`b K‡i| D³ cÖK‡íi AvIZvq gaycyi D`¨v‡bi 21 nvRvi GKi ebf~wgi g‡a¨ †Kvi GjvKvi cÖvq 3,000.00 GKi ebf~wgi Pviw`‡K †eóbx
wbg©vY K‡i gaycyi ebv‡ji wejyßcÖvq Dw¢` cÖRvwZ msiY I cïcvwLmn wewfbœ eb¨cÖvbxi wbivc` Avevm¯’j wbg©v‡Yi Kg©m~Px i‡q‡Q|¯’vbxq
Avw`evmx‡`i mnvqZv e¨wZZ GB ai‡bi Kg©m~Px ev¯—evqb Kiv m¤¢e bq| G wel‡q eb wefvM AZ¨š— m‡PZb weavq cÖ¯—vweZ †eóbxi evwn‡i miKvix eb
GjvKvq ¯’vbxq Avw`evmx I A-DcRvZxq‡`i m¤ú„³Zvq Aswk`vwi‡Z¡i wfwˇZ cÖvq mvZ nvRvi cvuPkZ GKi evMvb m„wó Kiv n‡q‡Q Ges n‡”Q| Dnvi
Øviv Zv‡`i Av_©-mvgvwRK Dbœqb n‡e| †eóbxi wfZ‡i †Kvb DcRvZxq‡`i Nievox wKsev Pvlvev‡`i RwgRgv bvB, Kv‡RB Zv‡`i D‡”Q‡`i cÖkœ Aevš—i|
†eóbxi wfZ‡i hvZvq‡Zi iv¯—v RbM‡Yi Rb¨ Db¥y³ _vK‡e Ges iv¯—vMy‡jv e¨env‡ii Rb¨ †Kvb †UvjI Av`vq Kiv n‡e bv| ebwefvM ïay cïcvwL‡`i
GKwU wbivc` Avevm¯’j ivLvi e¨e¯’v Ki‡Z hv‡”Q| nqZt fwel¨Z cÖR‡b¥i Rb¨ wejyßcÖvq cÖRvwZ¸‡jvI GLv‡bB Lyu‡R cvIqv hv‡e,GLv‡bB M‡o DV‡e
eb¨ cÖvYx‡`i GKwU wbivc` AfqviY¨| Avgv‡`i †`‡ki wqòz ebf~wg, wejyßcÖvq eb¨cÖvYxi Rb¨ cwi‡ekwe` Z_v RbM‡Yi mn‡hvwMZv GKvš— cÖ‡qvRb|
cÖKí cwiPvjK gaycyi RvZxq D`¨vb Dbœqb cÖKí ( m~Î : ‰`wbK cÖ_g Av‡jv 7 Ryb 2003 L„.)
3

evsjv‡`k ciivóª gš¿Yvjq †_‡K cve©Z¨ PUªMÖvg welqK gš¿Yvj‡qi Kv‡Q cvVv‡bv 19 GwcÖj 2006 Zvwi‡Li GKwU
wPwV‡Z ÔAvw`evmxÕ bq, ÔDcRvwZÕ kãwU †jLvi Aby‡iva Rvbv‡bv nq|
evsjv‡`k AvIqvgx jxM beg RvZxq msm` wbevP©bx Bk‡Znv‡i Ôz`ª RvwZmËvÕ , ÔAvw`evmxÕ I Ôz`ª RvwZ‡MvôxÕ
kãmg~n e¨envi K‡i‡Q 9 | evsjv‡`‡ki KwDwb÷ cvwU© 10 I evsjv‡`‡ki IqvKv©m© cvwU© 11 beg RvZxq msm` wbev©Pbx
Bk‡Znv‡i ÔAvw`evmxÕ, Ôz`ª RvwZmËvÕ I ÔmsL¨vjNy RvwZmËvÕ k㸇jv e¨envi K‡i‡Q| evsjv‡`k RvZxqZvev`x
`j (weGbwc) beg RvZxq msm‡`i wbev©Pbx Bk‡Znv‡i Ôcvnvox I DcRvZxq RbMYÕ, Zdwkjx m¤cÖ`vq I
ÔAvw`evmxÕ k㸇jv e¨envi K‡i‡Q 12 |
evsjv‡`‡ki Avw`evmx‡`i †hgb †Kv‡bv GKK ivóxq cwiPq †bB, †Zgwb †bB Avw`evmx welqK †Kv‡bv wek¦¯—
Kvh©Kix RbmsL¨vbycvwZK Z_¨ DcvË| ivdx (2006) Avw`evmx‡`i wb‡q GK msL¨vbywcvZK mgxvq evsjv‡`‡ki
Avw`evmx‡`i‡K z`ª Rb‡Mvôx wn‡m‡e AvL¨vwqZ K‡i †`wL‡q‡Qb, z`ª Rb‡Mvôxiv †`‡ki †gvU RbmsL¨vi GK
`wi`ªZg z`ª Ask 13 | ivóªxq AwaMÖnY I cÖRv¯^Ë¡ (ms‡kvwaZ) AvBb 2004 (The State aquisition and
Tenancy (Amendment) act 2004) Gi 97 avivq Avw`evmx‡`i ÔAboriginal’ wn‡m‡e D‡j−L K‡i
evsjv‡`‡ki wewfbœ A‡j emevmKvix mvuIZvj, ewbqvm, fyuBqv, Wvjy, nv`x, f~wgR, Mv‡iv, nvRs, Lvwmqv, †KvP, gM,
†Lvov, IuivI, `vjyR, ‡gP, gyÛv, †Zvwo, LviIqvi, gvj, mywiqv, cvnvBqvm, gwÛqv, MÛv, Zzwim GB PweŸkwU RvwZi
K_v bw_f~³ Kiv n‡q‡Q 14 | 1991 m‡bi Av`gïgvix‡Z †`‡k Avw`evmx Rb‡Mvôxi msL¨v 30wU †`Lv‡bv n‡q‡Q
Ges Ab¨vb¨mn †jvKmsL¨v 12,05,978 e‡j D‡j−L Kiv n‡q‡Q| 2001 mv‡ji Av`gïgvix‡Z Avw`evmx
RbmsL¨v‡K Avjv`v K‡i †`Lv‡bv nqwb| wØZxq cÖv_wgK wkv Dbœqb cÖKí (wcBwWwc-Uz) `wj‡j 2001 mv‡j
Avw`evmx RbmsL¨v‡K †`Lv‡bv n‡q‡Q cÖvq 18 jvL| G‡‡Î 1991 Gi RbmsL¨vi mv‡_ 2001 m‡bi Rb¥nvi w`‡q
¸Y K‡i 2001 m‡bi Avw`evmx RbmsL¨v wnmve K‡i‡Q miKvi| `ªs (2008) Rvwb‡q‡Qb, evsjv‡`k Avw`evmx
†dvivg Avw`evmx Rb‡Mvôxi msL¨v 45 Ges †jvKmsL¨v cÖvq 30 jvL e‡j `vwe K‡i Avm‡Q 15 | m¤cÖwZ evsjv‡`‡ki
wewfbœ ÔDcRvZxq mvs¯‹…wZK GKv‡WgxÕ mg~‡ni bvg e`‡j Ôb„ZvwË¡K Rb‡MvôxÕ e¨envi Kivi Rb¨ ivóªxqfv‡e GKwU
wej cvk n‡q‡Q| Dwj−wLZ we‡ji aviv 2(1) Ges aviv 19 G PvKgv, gvigv, wÎcyiv, †gªv, Z½v, eg, cvs‡Lvqv,
PvK, wLqvs, Lywg, jymvB, †KvP, mvuIZvj, Wvjy, DmvB(DmyB), ivLvBb, gwYcyix, Mv‡iv, nvRs, Lvwmqv, gs, IivI,
eg©Y, cvnvox, gvjcvnvox bv‡g †gvU 25 Rb‡Mvôxi bvg Aš—f~©³ Kiv n‡q‡Q 16 | evsjv‡`‡ki †KvP-nvRs-WvjyweòzwcÖqv
gwYcyix-‰g ˆZ gwYcyix-jv‡js-PvKgv-wÎcyiv-ivLvBb-gªvBbgv-Lvwm-gvw›`-evbvB-Lvwoqv-gvnvwj-jymvB-‡gªvcvs‡Lv-eg-gyÛv-‡jOvg-mvuIZvj-IuivI-f~wgR-‡`‡kvqvwj-Kg©Kvi-nw`-ivReskx-wÎqeg©Y-cvOb-PvK-ZÂsM¨v-
‡Kvj-wg‡Rv-cvnvwoqv-Lywg-wLqvs-K›` RvwZmg~‡ni cÖvwš—KZv G‡ZvUvB ¯úó †h ivóª wn‡m‡e evsjv‡`k cÖejfv‡e
evOvwj RvZ¨vwfgvb nvwRi I envj iv‡L| Avi GB cÖvwš—K RvwZ‡`i‡KB AwacwZ ivóª Avgv‡`i Kv‡Q KL‡bv
ÔDcRvwZÕ, KL‡bv ÔAvw`evmxÕ, z`ª RvwZmËv, UªvBevj, G_wbK gvBbwiwU, BbwWwRbvm wccj, GeAwiwRbvj, b„-
9 w`b e`‡ji mb`, beg RvZxq msm` wbev©Pb : wbev©Pbx Bk‡Znvi 2008, evsjv‡`k AvIqvgx jxM, †K›`ªxq KwgwU, XvKv|
10 beg RvZxq msm` wbev©Pb : wbev©Pbx Bk‡Znvi, 2008, evsjv‡`‡ki KwgDwb÷ cvwU©, †Kw›`ªxq KwgwU, XvKv, c„.18-19
11 9g RvZxq msm` wbev©Pb, wbev©Pbx Bk‡Znvi, evsjv‡`‡ki IqvKv©m© cvwU©, †K›`ªxq KwgwU, XvKv, c„.13
12 m~Î : http://kanakbarman.wordpress.com/2008/12/19/manifesto-of-bnp-2008/
13 Rafi, Mohammad. 2006, Small ethnic groups of Bangladesh : a mapping excercise, Panjeree Publications Ltd,
Dhaka, p. 2
14 fyTªv, †gv. nvwdRyi ingvb| 2003, hyM ci¤úivq evsjvi f~wg AvBb I f~wg e¨e¯’v : cvwK¯’vb I evsjv‡`k Avgj, KvwbR dvwZgv I †gv. nvwdRyi
ingvb f~Tv †hŠ_fv‡e eBwU cÖKvk K‡i‡Qb, PÆMÖvg, c„. 54
15 `ªs, mÄxe| 2008| Avw`evmx gvbevwaKvi 2008, evsjv‡`k Avw`evmx †dvivg, XvKv, c„.10-11
16 m~Î : evtmtgyt-3112 wR-09/10 (Kg/wR), 1,100 Kwc, 2009
4

‡Mvôx, b„-ZvwË¡K Rb‡Mvôx GiKg bvbvb bv‡g cwiPq Kivq| cÖvwš—K RvwZmg~‡ni †gvU RbmsL¨v ‡Kv_vI e‡j ev‡iv
jvL, †Kv_vI AvVv‡iv jvL, †Kv_vI ejv nq wZwik jvL| †Kv_vI †`Lv‡bv nq RvwZ msL¨v 24, 25, 27 Avevi
†Kv_vI †`Lv‡bv nq 45 ev ZviI Kg †ekx| Avgiv AvR‡Ki Avjv‡c GB Avw`evmx‡`i †fZi hviv cve©Z¨ PÆMÖvg
Ges mgy`ª DcK’jxq GjvKvi evB‡i emevm Ki‡Qb Zv‡`i‡KB ÔmgZj A‡ji Avw`evmxÕ wn‡m‡e cvV KiwQ|
ÔAvw`evmxÕ kã Ges avibvwUi GK e¨vcK ivR‰bwZK we¯Z…wZ `wY Gwkqvq Av‡Q, Gi gv‡b †Kv‡bv fv‡eB ÔAvw`
evwm›`vÕ bq †mwU †Lqvj ivLevi webxZ cÖv_©bv Rvwb‡qB Avgiv mivmwi mgZ‡ji Avw`evmx‡`i f~wg mgm¨v Ges
mgvav‡b KiYxq wKQy cÖm½‡K Kvh©Kix K‡i †Zvjvi ZvwM‡` Avjv‡c cÖ‡ek KiwQ|
Avw`evmx‡`i †Rvi K‡i f~wgnxb Kiv n‡”Q
gvw›` Kzmy‡K ( gvw›` RvwZi Av.wPK fvlvq) AvM ivs weªs gv‡b nj wbR¯^ ¯^vaxb ebf~wg| gvw›` BwZnvm g‡Z, gvbyl gv‡b
gvw›`‡`i Rb¥ nq wP‡MjevwoIqvwiLywÆ bv‡gi GK cvnvwo AiY¨-Øx‡c|
Zvici gvw›`iv Ny‡i‡Q KZ ebc_-cvnvowUjv-mgZj-Rjvf~wg| †hLv‡b M‡o D‡V‡Q gvw›`‡`i wbR¯^ mf¨Zv
‡mLv‡bB Zv‡`i AvM ivs _vs Ges wPw`K _vs gv‡b wbR¯^ mvqË¡kvwmZ f~wg| GB f~wg‡Z gvw›`iv
¯^vaxb nvevûBQvAv (RygAvev`) K‡i‡Q| Avb›`-‡e`bvq wPrKvi w`‡q e‡j‡Q, GB Avgvi evwo, GB
Avgvi Ni| GB Avgvi cwievi| GBLv‡bB Avgvi Av”Pz-Avw¤^i (`v`v-bvbx) wbR¯^ Ni| GLv‡b †Kv‡bv wPš—v bvB, GLv‡b Pz
(HwZn¨MZ mvgvwRK cvbxq) †L‡q Avwg Avgvi gZ bvP‡Z cvwi, MvB‡Z cvwi|
GLv‡b Avgv‡K evav †`qvi †KD bvB| gvw›` Kzmy‡K G‡K e‡j AvMivs _vs D A‡°j †bvIqv Ges
wP‡`K _vs D wM‡mK †bvIqv| mv‡gMv‡iv MÖv‡gB gvw›`‡`i cqjv evRvi I evwYR¨‡K›`ª M‡o D‡V| wgwm mvjRs, M½v Av.nwbs
`wMwmg, mywlwg wm‡½dv I Kvgvj Av‡qdv Av‡Rdviv H evRv‡i Avm‡Zb| Imgvb gvsmvs Avi msivg mvgcvj‡`i KvQ †_‡K
Avwg gvw›`‡`i ‡mBme mf¨Zvi K_v ï‡bwQ| nv.wegv‡Z ( gvw›`iv Uv½vB‡ji gaycyi kvjebf~wg GjvKv‡K nv.wegv ev gvZ„f~wg
wn‡m‡e wPwýZ K‡ib) Zv‡`i g‡Zv gvw›` BwZnvm †KD Rvb‡Zv bv| gvw›`‡`i †mBme w`b GLb Avi bvB|
gvw›`iv †Kv‡bvw`bB wb‡R‡`i gvwUi gvwjK g‡b K‡i bvB| Rwgi KvMRcÎ iv‡L bvB| wb‡Ri ¯^vaxb RvqMvq Avi gvw›`iv
civaxb nB‡Q, gvwU nvivBqv †Kv‡bviK‡g wUKv Av‡Q| GK gvw›` bvg cwiPq Avi
‡Pnvivq wKQy Qvc Qvov Avi wKQyB GLb bvB 17 |
14,7570 eM© wK.wg. evsjv‡`‡ki †gvU ¯’j f~wgi cwigvb 13,4615 eM© wK.wg Gi †fZi f~wgi cwigvb 14.40
wgwjqb †n±i 18 | evsjv‡`k cÖwZôvi cici cwieviwfwËK f~wg msiY mxgv 375 weNvi ¯’‡j 100 weNvq bvwg‡q
Avbv nq| 25 weNv ch©š— Rwgi gvwj‡Ki LvRbv gIKzd Kiv nq| cvwK¯’vb Avg‡ji e‡Kqv LvRbvI gIKzd Kiv
nq| f~wg ms¯‹vi AvBb 1984 Abyhvqx f~wg msiY mxgv 60 weNvq bvwg‡q Avbv nq 19 | evsjv‡`‡k welgnv‡i
f~wge›Ub I e¨e¯’vcbv Ae¨vnZ Av‡Q| K…wlRwg w`‡b w`‡b K‡g wfbœfv‡e e¨en«Z n‡”Q| Avw`evmxiv †h‡nZz Ryg I
K…wli Dci wbf©ikxj ZvB G‡‡Î Avw`evmx f~wgB AK…wlLv‡Z f~wg e¨env‡ii cÖavb welq n‡q `vuwo‡q‡Q|
1987 mv‡ji f~wg ms¯‹vi AvB‡b ivóªxqfv‡e Ôf~wgnx‡biÕ ˆewkó¨ cwiPq ˆZix Kiv n‡q‡Q| D³ AvB‡b ejv n‡q‡Q,
†mB cwievi f~wgnxb ‡h cwiev‡ii emZevwU Ges K…wlRwg wKQy&zB bvB, wKš‘ cwieviwU K…wl wbf©i| †h cwiev‡ii
emZevwU Av‡Q wKš‘ K…wl Rwg †bB A_P K…wl wbf©i| †h cwiev‡ii emZevwU Ges K…wl Rwg DfqB Av‡Q wKš‘ Dnvi
†gvU cwigvb 0.50 GK‡ii Kg A_P K…wl wbf©i ZvivB f~wgnxb 20 | ivóªxq AvB‡bi fvl¨ I bw_g‡Z †`‡ki
17
gvw›` `vk©wbK RwbK bK‡i‡Ki (100) eqvb| Uv½vB‡ji gaycyi kvje‡bi Pzwbqv MÖv‡gi GB cÖexY `vk©wbK GLbI wbR¯^ mvsmvwiK ag© Avi gvw›`
`vK‡eIqvj (ms¯‹…wZ) wb‡q gyg~ly© kvje‡bi KsKv‡ji Dci `vwuo‡q Av‡Qb| Iqvbœv 1412
18
fyTªv, †gv. nvwdRyi ingvb| 2003, hyM ci¤úivq evsjvi f~wg AvBb I f~wg e¨e¯’v : cvwK¯’vb I evsjv‡`k Avgj, KvwbR dvwZgv I †gv. nvwdRyi
ingvb f~Tv †hŠ_fv‡e eBwU cÖKvk K‡i‡Qb, PÆMÖvg, c„. 26
19
c~‡ev©³| f~wgKv
20
m~Î : f~wg ms¯‹vi Awfhvb 1987, b¤^i f~wg-‡Kvl/1-1/17, ZvwiL 1/7/87, f~wg ms¯‹vi †mj, f~wg gš¿Yvjq, MYcÖRvZš¿x evsjv‡`k miKvi, 41 bs
aviv-K,L,M)
5

AwaKvsk Avw`evmx cwieviB AvR f~wgnxb| mgZj A‡ji Avw`evmx‡`i †‡Î GB f~wgnxbZvi Kvwnbx Ki“Y Ges
cÖkœnxb| Avw`evmx f~wg I A‡ji f~wgwe‡iva‡K †Kv‡bv ai‡bi myivnv bv K‡iB 1984 m‡b †`‡ki gnKzgv‡K
cyb©web¨vm K‡i 64wU †Rjv MVb Kiv nq|
1765 m‡b weªwUk B÷ BwÛqv †Kv¤úvwb evsjv wenvi Iwokv Z_v Ômy‡e evsjviÕ †`Iqvbx AwaKvi AR©b Kij|
Zvici †Z‡KB ivR¯^ Av`vq I e„w×i Ici †Kv¤úvwbi kvm‡Kiv †Rvi w`j| Zv‡`i evwY‡R¨i cÖ‡qvRbxq cuywR
wnmv‡e msM„nxZ ivR¯^‡K Kv‡R jvMv‡bvi w`‡KB Zv‡`i †SvuK wQj| f~wg ivR¯^B wQj ZLb miKvix Av‡qi cÖavb
Drm| GRb¨ f~wg e¨e¯’vq `kkvjv ev cvuPkvjv e‡›`ve‡¯—i cixv-wbixvi †k‡l jW© Kb©Iqvwjk 1793 m‡b
wPi¯’vqx e‡›`ve¯— cÖeZ©b K‡ib| Avengvb Kvj †_‡K K…l‡KivB Rwgi cÖK…Z gvwjK wQj, K…l‡Kiv Zv‡`i wPiKv‡ji
GB AwaKvi nvivj| Rwgi mvgvwRK ev †Mvôx gvwjKvbv wejyß nj| Rwg‡Z e¨vw³MZ gvwjKvbv Kv‡qg nj, Rwg
c‡Y¨ cwiYZ nj| GZKvj Drcbœ dm‡ji GKUv Ask ivR¯^ wn‡m‡e Rwg`vi ev ivRv‡`i †`evi †h e¨e¯’v wPj Zv
†jvc †cj| bM` ev gy`ªvq LvRbv e¨e¯’v cÖewZ©Z nj| Rwg cY¨ wn‡m‡e MY¨ nevi d‡j Zv †Kbv‡ePvi mvgMÖx
wn‡m‡eI MY¨ nj 21 | evsjvi bev‡ei Avg‡ji †kl eQ‡i 1764-65 m‡b ivR¯^ Av`vq n‡qwQj 8,17,000 cvDÛ|
wPi¯’vqx e‡›`ve¯— Rvwi nIqvi ci ivR¯^ Av`vq Kiv nq 34 jvL cvDÛ, hv bevex Avg‡ji PvB‡Z cÖvq mv‡o Pvi
¸Y †ekx| GZ Aí mg‡q GZ ¸Y ivR¯^ e„w× Lye KgB †`Lv hvq| ZvB ivR¯^ Avi evov‡bvi PvB‡Z ivR¯^
Av`vq‡qi wbðqZvB n‡q D‡VwQj cÖavb cš’v| wbw`©ó mg‡q Rwg`viiv hv‡Z ivR¯^ Rgv w`‡Z eva¨ nb Zvi Rb¨ Pvjy
Kiv nj myhv©¯— AvBb I bvbviKg K‡Vvi kvw¯—| wPi¯’vqx e‡›`ve¯— †h K…lK‡`i wK me©bvk Kij, gvÎ Ewbk eQi
c‡i jW© mfvi cÂg wi‡cv‡U© Zvi ¯^iƒc wKQzUv D`NvwUZ nj, wPi¯’vqx e‡›`ve¯— †h wb`vi“b `y`©kv I wfve„wË m„wó
K‡i‡Q, evsjvi f~-m¤úwˇZ †h weivU cwieZ©b msNwUZ K‡i‡Q, †evanq †KejgvÎ AvBb cÖYq‡bi gvid‡Z Avi
†KvbI †`‡k Avi †Kv‡bv hy‡M GZ Aí mg‡qi g‡a¨ Zv Avi m¤¢e nq wb 22 |
1765 mv‡j weªwUk B÷ BwÛqv †Kv¤úvwb hLb †`Iqvwb(miKviwi ivR¯^ Av`v‡qi AwaKvi) jvf Kij ZLb Zvi
miKvi, kvm‡bi cÖavb `ywU D‡Ïk¨, h_v, †`k †_‡K ivR‡¯^i cwigvb mev©waK Kiv Ges evsjvi gZv my`„p Kivi
Rb¨ miKvwi BRviv`vwi e¨e¯’vi cÖeZ©b Kij Ges Rwg`v‡ii ˆmb¨mvg‡š—i msL¨v n«vm KieviI †Póv Kij| 1771
mv‡j †R. j‡ij w`bvRcyi I iscyi †Rjvq bZzb ivR¯^ e‡›`ve¯— Kivi we‡kl Kg©fvi cÖvß n‡q †cÖwiZ nb|
w`bvRcy‡i wZwb ivR¯^ Av`v‡qi Rb¨ mg¯— Rwg`vwiwU GK †_‡K wZb eQ‡ii Rb¨ mËiwUiI †ewk †vU †QvU
BRviv‡`i nv‡Z Zz‡j †`b Ges †hme †PŠaywi, ciMYv¸wji fvicÖvß Rwg`vi‡`i ¯’vbxq Kg©Pvix wQ‡jb Zv‡`i
mevB‡K eiLv¯— K‡i Rwg`vi‡`i ÔAZ¨waK cÖeveÕ Le© Kivi cÖwZI GKwU mvnmx c`‡c wb‡qwQ‡jb| 1792 m‡b
cvk nIqv Ôevsjv wenvi Dwol¨vi Kv‡j±iwk‡ci cywjwk AvBbÕ Gi gva¨‡g †Kv¤úvwbi miKvi Rwg`vi‡`i cywjwk ev
_vbv`vwi e¨e¯’v‡K AwaMÖnY K‡i| miKvwi cywjk Awdmvi ev `v‡ivMv †kªYx wb‡qvwRZ n‡jb Rwg`vwi GjvKvq
Zvu‡`i mvnv‡h¨i Rb¨ ev iBj AvavmvgwiK evwnbx| w`bvRcyi Rwg`vwiwU 25wU _vbv ev cywjwk GjvKvq wef³ nj
Ges GKRb K‡i `v‡ivMv Zvui evwnbxmn wbhy³ n‡jb cÖwZwU _vbvq| 1787/88 m‡b w`bvRcyi †RjvwU 28wU
Rwg`vwi wb‡q MwVZ wQj, wKš‘ †RjvwUi cÖvq beŸB kZvsk wb‡q MwVZ cyivZb Rwg`v‡ii Rwg`vwiwUi cZ‡bi
Ae¨ewnZ c‡iB Zvi gvwjK n‡jb Kg K‡iI 400 Rb †QvU †QvU Rwg`vi| KY©Iqvwjk e¨e¯’v Ges f~wgi-evRv‡ii
D¢e nj bZzb Dcv`vb †h¸wji AwfÁZv Ôcyiv‡bvÕ Rwg`vi‡`i Av‡M nqwb| wPi¯’vqx e‡›`ve‡¯—i c‡iB wecyj
cwigv‡b miKvwi I †emiKvwi Rwg I f~wgi wewµ N‡U 23 |
21 ‡PŠayix, Ai“Y| mvuIZvj Afy¨Ìvb I DcRvZxq‡`i msMÖvg, b¨vkbvj eyK G‡RwÝ cÖvB‡fU wjwg‡UW, KjKvZv, fviZ| 2006, c„. 1-17
22 ‡PŠayix, Ai“Y| mvuIZvj Afy¨Ìvb I DcRvZxq‡`i msMÖvg, b¨vkbvj eyK G‡RwÝ cÖvB‡fU wjwg‡UW, KjKvZv, fviZ| 2006, c„. 39
23 Zvwb¸wP, wkbwKwP| evsjvi wPi¯’vqx e‡›`ve¯— I w`bvRcyi Rwg`vwii Aemvb| GB †jLvwU wkbwKwP Zvwb¸wP, gvmvwn‡Kv †ZvMvIqv Ges †ZrmyBqv
bvKvZvwb m¤úvw`Z ÔMÖvgevsjv : BwZnvm, mgvR I A_©bxwZÕ kxl©K cy¯—K †_‡K †bqv n‡q‡Q| AvB wm we Gm, w`jxi c‡ †K wc evMPx †Kv¤úvbx,
KjKvZv, fviZ, 2007, c„. 5-26
6

1765 mv‡j Bó BwÛqv †Kv¤úvwb Awef³ fvi‡Z evwYR¨ I mvgªvR¨ `yBB ¯’vcb Kivi ci ïi“ nj f~wg‡Kw›`ªK
Rei`Lj Ges Avw`evmx wbcxob| 1772 mv‡j Bs‡iR miKvi K¨v‡Þb K¨vgvK‡K cvjv©‡g‡›Ui kvmbKZv© wbhy³
K‡i cvVv‡jb| wZwb †QvUbvMcy‡ii cÖvPxb Rwg`vi‡`i D‡”Q` K‡i emv‡jb bZzb Rwg`vi| G mKj e¨vw³iv
†mLvbKvi Rbmvavi‡bi m‡½ cwiwPZ wQj bv| †Kej Bs‡iR miKvi‡K mš‘ó Kivi Rb¨ Avw`evmx cÖRv‡`i Dci
fxlY AZ¨vPvi K‡i Ki Av`vq Kiv ïi“ nj| Rwg`vi‡`i AZ¨vPvi µgk: GZ †e‡o †h‡Z jvMj †h Avw`evmxiv
AwZó n‡q DVj 24 |
‡mb I Ab¨vb¨iv (2007) ivRkvnx, wm‡jU, †gŠjfxevRvi I nweMÄ †Rjvi Avw`evmx‡`i Dci cwiPvwjZ GK
mgxvq †`wL‡q‡Qb, Dwj−wLZ GjvKvi cÖvq 41.2 fvM Avw`evmx f~wgnxb| ivRkvnx‡Z 39.9% cwievi,
†gŠjfxevRvi I nweM‡Ä 80.2% Ges wm‡jU A‡j 28.2% cwievi f~wgnxb| ivRkvnx A‡j 140 cwievi Ges
wm‡j‡Ui 179 cwiev‡ii f~wg †e`Lj n‡q‡Q 25 | MvBb Ges Ab¨vb¨iv (2000) GK mgxvq †`wL‡q‡Qb, 27.01
fvM Avw`emx m¤ú~Y© f~wgnxb 26 | AvBqye I Ab¨viv (2009) GKwU †jLvq Rvwb‡q‡Qb, g~j‡mªv‡Zi gvbylm„ó wewea
ˆeix Ave‡n †`‡ki Aa©kZvwaK Avw`evmx b„‡Mvôxi AwaKvsk gvbyl eZ©gv‡b f~wgnxb| †Kv‡bv m¤cÖ`v‡qi †‡Î Gi
nvi kZKiv 50 fvM, Avevi †Kv‡bv m¤cÖ`v‡qi †‡Î 95 fvM| 1947 mv‡j fviZ wefv‡Mi c~e© ch©š— G‡`‡k
Avw`evmx‡`i g‡a¨ f~wgnx‡bi msL¨v wQj kZKiv 20-25 fvM, hv eZ©gv‡b †e‡o `vuwo‡q‡Q kZKiv 90 fv‡M 27 |
DËi-cwðgvÂj I e‡i›`ª Rbc`
ivq I Ab¨vb¨iv (2007) evsjv‡`‡ki mgZj A‡ji Avw`evmx‡`i Dci cwiPvwjZ wkv I f~wg welqK †ekwKQy
cÖKvwkZ I AcÖKvwkZ cÖwZ‡e`b we‡k−lY K‡i Rvwb‡q‡Qb, mgZj GjvKvi Avw`evmxiv we”Qbœ I weßfv‡e mgZj
GjvKvi wewfbœ †Rjvq emevm, msL¨vjwNôZv Ges bvbv †kvlY I wbhv©Z‡bi hvuZvK‡j wcó n‡q GLbI cÖvwš—Kchv©‡q
i‡q‡Qb| wb‡Ri Rwgi †iKW© ivL‡Z e¨_© nIqvq cÖfvekvjx‡`i bR‡i c‡o D³ Rwg Rei`w¯— `Lj n‡”Q Ges
Awkvi my‡hvM wb‡q RvwjqvwZ K‡i A‡b‡K Zv‡`i Rwg `Lj K‡i‡Q| Avi Gfv‡e Rwgi gvwjKvbv †_‡K w`b w`b
Avw`evmx‡`i bvg gy‡Q hv‡”Q 28 | DËie‡½i Avw`evmx‡`i Dci cwiPvwjZ GK mgxvq AvLZvi (2004)
Rvwb‡q‡Qb, e„nËi DËie‡½i mvuIZvj, IuivI, gvnvjx, cvnvb, iwe`vm, cvnvwo, wms, iv‡Rvqvi Avw`evmxiv µgvš^‡q
f~wgnxb n‡q co‡Q 29 | DËi-cwðgv‡ji mvuIZvj, ivReskx, gvnvjx, †KvP Avw`evmx‡`i †fZi cwiPvwjZ GK
mgxvq Kvgvj (2000) Rvwb‡q‡Qb, AwaKvsk Avw`evmxivB wbR¯^ f~wg nvwi‡q‡Qb| cÖvq 42 kZvs‡ki †Kv‡bv Rwg
I emZwfUv †bB 30 | Kvgvj (2001) ivRkvnx A‡ji Avw`evmx‡`i †fZi Aci GK mgxvq †`wL‡q‡Qb cÖvq
42.7 fvM Avw`evmx f~wgnxb Ges 53.6 fvM †ZgRyi 31 |
24 ‡ngeªg, cwigj| mvuIZvj‡`i BwZnvm mÜv‡b| Avw`evmx mvwnZ¨ cÖKvkbx, KjKvZv, fviZ| 2000, c„.108-116
25 ‡mb, myKvš—; ivq, AwfwRr I jvwgb, wmjfvbym| 2007, mgZ‡ji Avw`evmx : AwaKvi I AwaKvinxbZv, eviwmK, XvKv, c„. 94-99
26 Gain, P., Moral, S. Tigga, S.E. 2000, Discrepancies in census and scio-economic status of ethnic communities,
SHED, Dhaka
27 ‡nv‡mb, AvBqye; nK, Pvi“ I wiw¯—, wiRyqvbv| 2009, evsjv‡`‡ki z`ª RvwZ‡Mvôx, nv°vbx cvwjkvm©, XvKv, c„. 37-39
28 ivq, AwfwRr; kvgxg, gynv¤§` kv‡n`yi ingvb; mygx, dviRvbv ingvb; wgZzj, Rvnvbviv cÖavb; jvwgb, wmjfvbym Ges †mb, myKvš—| 2007, mgZj
f~wgi Avw`evmx‡`i wkv I f~wg AwaKvi ( cÖKvwkZ, AcÖKvwkZ MÖš’ I M‡elYv), eviwmK, XvKv, f~wgKv Ask
29 Akhter, S. and M., Kamal. 2004, Indigenous society in North Bengal : a participatory study, RDC, Dhaka
30 Kamal, Mesbah. 2000, Baseline survey on indigenous peoples of Northwest Bangladesh, RDC, Dhaka
31 Kvgvj, †gmevn| 2001, e„nËi ivRkvnx A‡ji Avw`evmx‡`i mv¤cÖwZK mgm¨vejx : GKwU cwimsL¨vbwfwËK chv©‡jvPbv, mgvR wbixY : msL¨v
80, mgvR wbixY †K›`ª, XvKv
7

DËie‡½i Avw`evmx‡`i cÖwZwbqZ wbR¯^ f~wgi b¨vh¨ AwaKvi †_‡K ewÂZ Kiv cÖm‡½ gvwbK (1998) wj‡L‡Qb,
GUv aviYv Kiv Am½Z n‡e bv †h, evsjv‡`‡ki Avw`evmxivB we‡k¦i mev©waK wbcxwoZ m¤cÖ`vq| Avw`evmx‡`i
g‡a¨ f~wgnx‡bi msL¨v kZKiv cÖvq 95 fvM| †Kv‡bv Avw`evmx‡K mvnvRx e‡j m‡¤^vab Ki‡j †m Lye Lykx nq|
mvnvRx ej‡Z ¯’vbxqfv‡e abevb e¨vw³ †evSvq| Zvic‡i GKmgq Zvi mnvq m¤ú` †K‡o †bq| Avw`evmxiv Zv
†Ui cvq bv| Avw`evmx‡`i Rwg webv ‡iwRwóª‡Z GK †kªYxi `Lj`vi gvbyl Rei`Lj K‡i †fvM Ki‡Q| †`‡ki
wewfbœ A‡ji †jvK G‡m DËiv‡ji Avw`evmx‡`i RwgRgv me `Lj K‡i wb‡q‡Q| Zv‡`i nv‡Z Avw`evmxiv cÖvq
me©¯^vš— n‡q †M‡Q 32 | †`‡ki K…lK I ¯^vaxbZv Av‡›`vjbmn mKj RbMYZvwš¿K Av‡›`vj‡b Avw`evmx‡`i ¸i“Z¡c~Y©
Ae`vb‡K †Kv‡bvfv‡eB ¯^xK…wZ I we‡ePbv Kiv nqbv KL‡bvB| GgbwK DËie‡½i Avw`evmx gyw³‡hv×v cwievi
¸‡jvI AvR f~wg I ¯^xK…wZnxb GK `y:mgq cvwo w`‡”Qb| cv_© I †nv‡mb (2009) GKwU eB‡Z DËie‡½i 69 Rb
Avw`evmx cyi“l gyw³‡hv×vi weeiY w`‡q‡Qb †hLv‡b MwiôfvMB DËie‡½i Avw`evmx‡`i cÖavb mgm¨v wn‡m‡e f~wg
mgm¨v‡K †`wL‡q‡Qb 33 |
Avjg (2006) DËie‡½i mvuIZvj‡`i f~wgnxbZv cÖm‡½ e‡j‡Qb, beŸB kZvsk mvuIZvj‡`i c~‡e© wb‡R‡`i
K…wlRwg wQj Ges Zviv wb‡Ri Rwg‡ZB K…wlKvR Ki‡Zv| Zv‡`i g‡a¨ eZ©gv‡b cuPvwk kZvsk †jv‡Ki †Kv‡bv Rwg
bvB 34 | mvuIZvj‡`i f~wgnxbZv cÖm‡½ Rvnvb (2008) Rvwb‡q‡Qb, evOvwj KZ…©K mvuIZvj‡`i Rwg †Rvic~e©K `Lj,
Rvj `wjj ˆZwi, Rwg nviv‡bv, fq-fxwZ cÖ`k©b, mš¿vm BZ¨vw` welqvejx evOvwj-mvuIZvj m¤ú‡K©i g‡a¨ e¨eavb
ˆZwi K‡i‡Q 35 | `ªs(1997) Zvi w`bvRcyi åg‡bi AwfÁZv †_‡K Rvbvb, w`bvRcyi †Rjvi g‡nkcy‡i G‡m
GLvbKvi Avw`evmx‡`i mv‡_ K_v e‡jI Rvb‡Z cvijvg, GLv‡bi Avw`evmx‡`iI cÖavb mgm¨v Rwg| mvuIZvjx
fvlvq `yB A_© evi| mvuIZvj nq‡Zv evi GKi ev `yB GKi Rwg wewµ K‡i‡Qb| wKš‘ K_vi gvic¨vu‡P †m Rwgi
cwigvY n‡q †M‡Q evi| Gfv‡e `yB GKi ev evi GKi Rwg ev‡iv GKi n‡q hvq evsjvq| G †_‡K my‡hvM †bq wKQz
UvDU-evUcvi I Lvivc †jvK| Zviv Avw`evmx bq 36 | Kvgvj I Ab¨vb¨iv (2003) Rvwb‡q‡Qb, mvuIZvj mgv‡R
f~wgB nj cÖ`vb m¤ú`| 1980 `k‡Ki ïi“ evsjv‡`k ebwefvM w`bvRcy‡ii beveM‡Äi cÖvq 1500 GKi fywg `Lj
K‡i| †h f~wgi cÖvq beŸB kZvsk gvwjKvbv mvuIZvj Ges `k kZvsk evOvwj‡`i 37 | mvuIZvj‡`i f~wg `L‡ji Rb¨
evOvwj I ebwefvM‡K `vqx K‡i Kvgvj I evby (2003) Rvbvb, e„nËi Rb‡Mvôx evOvwj Ges ebwefv‡Mi gva¨‡gB
Avw`evmx mvuIZvj‡`i AwaKvsk f~wg `Lj n‡q _v‡K 38 |
DËie‡½i mKj Avw`evmx‡`i RxebB AvR f~wgwe‡iva I f~m¤ú`‡Kw›`ªK P~ovš— msN‡l©i cÖvš—mxgvq Uj‡Q| wek¦vm
(2005) ivReskx Avw`evmx‡`i mvwe©K cwiw¯’wZ wb‡q Av‡jvPbv K‡i e‡j‡Qb, evsjv‡`‡ki ivReskxiv AwaKvskB
32 gvwbK, AvLZvi DwÏb| 1998, evsjv‡`‡ki mvuIZvj mgvR, DËiv cÖKvkbv, XvKv, 10-11
33 cv_©, cv‡fj I †nv‡mb, †gvqv‡¾g| 2009, DËie‡½i Avw`evmx gyw³‡hv×v (cÖ_g fvM), MÖvg weKvk †K›`ª, w`bvRcyi|
34 Avjg, G‡KGg gyKmy`yj| 2006, cwikªwg mvuIZvj RvwZi eZ©gvb Ae¯’v, W. AvwZDi ingvb m¤úvw`Z cÖvš—¯^i cwÎKv †_‡K †jLvwU †bqv n‡q‡Q| 2
el© 4_© msL¨v, mgybœq, XvKv, 6
35 Rvnvb, dvinvZ| 2008, evsjv‡`‡ki mvuIZvj I f~wg m¤úK©, mvuIZvj we‡`ªv‡ni 153Zg evwl©Kx Dcj‡¨ evsjv‡`k Avw`evmx AwaKvi Av‡›`vjb
cÖKvwkZ we‡kl ¯§iwYKv ÔûjÕ †_‡K †jLvwU †bqv n‡q‡Q| GwU m¤úv`bv K‡i‡Qb Rqš— AvPvh©, RvbœvZ-G-‡di‡`Šmx, wniY wgÎ PvKgv, ivwRe wÎcyiv I
gvBeg mvab| XvKv, c„. 27 (hw`I c„ôv bs g~w`ªZ nqwb)
36 `ªs, mÄxe| 1997| Avw`evmx †g‡q, Zid`vi cÖKvkbx, XvKv| c„.151
37 Kamal, Mesbah; Samad, Dr. Muhammad & Banu, Nilufar. 2003, The Santal community in Bangladesh : problems
and prospects, RDC, Dhaka, p. 16-20
38 Kamal, M. and Samad, Dr. M Banu. 2003, Santal community in Bangladesh : problems and prospects, RDC, Dhaka
8

f~wgnxb K…lK I Aí Rwgi gvwjK 39 | ‡Mv‡gR (1988) GK mgxvq †`wL‡q‡Qb, evsjv‡`‡ki DËi-cwðv‡ji
cvnvwoqv Avw`evmx‡`i cÖvq 62 kZvsk f~wgnxb 40 |
gaycyiMo I e„nËi gqgbwmsn AÂj
Ryg Pvl Avgv‡`i mgv‡RiB Ask...|
1960 mv‡ji Av‡M Avgv‡`i wcZv I wcZvgnMY Ryg Pvl K‡i‡Qb
Ges Avgiv †mB Ryg Pvl Pvwj‡q G‡mwQ| Avi 1970 mv‡ji ci Avgv‡`i
¯^vaxbZv hy‡×i ci evOvwjiv Gj Ges R½j †K‡U †dj‡jv,
d‡j AvR Avi Ryg Pv‡li RvqMv †bB, †bD Mfxi ROMj 41 ...
Dc‡ii DØ„wZwU cve©Z¨ PÆMÖv‡gi GK Rywgqv bvixi| †mLv‡b ivóª KZ…©K Ryg wbqš¿Y ebwefvM _vKvi ciI GLbI
wKQy RygAvev` nq| wKš‘ Avgiv DÌvcb KiwQ gaycyi kvje‡bi RygAvev‡`i K_v hvi mv‡_ gaycyiM‡oi
Avw`evmx‡`i f~wgmgm¨vi cÖm½ IZ‡cÖvZfv‡e RwoZ| gaycyi kvje‡b AvR Avw`evmx‡`i †h i³qx f~wgAv‡›`vjb
Zvi g~j Kvib ivóª KZ…©K Avw`evmx‡`i RygAvev` †Rvi K‡i eÜ K‡i w`‡q Avw`evmx‡`i cÖ_vMZ ebf~wgAwaKvi
†_‡K Avw`evmx‡`i ewÂZ Kiv| RygAvev` eÜ K‡i gaycyi‡K GKevi RvZxq D`¨vb, GKevi Gwkq Dbœqb e¨vs‡Ki
ivevi evMvb, GKevi mvgvwRK ebvq‡bi bv‡g AvMÖvwm evwYR¨, Avbvi‡mi ci Kjv, B‡KvcvK©, AvBc¨vK bvbvb
Kvq`vq †Pv‡Li mvg‡b ivóª MjvwU‡c gaycyi kvjeb I kvjebf~wgi cÖvYm¤úK© nZ¨v Ki‡Q| evwj©s(1997) gaycyi
kvje‡b gvw›`‡`i RygPvl cÖm‡½ e‡jb‡Qb, cvnvwo GjvKvi Mv‡iviv HwZn¨evnx Ryg Pv‡li PPv© Ki‡Zb| GKwU
GjvKv cwi®‹vi K‡i Av¸b w`‡q H GjvKvwU Pv‡li Rb¨ 1/2 eQi e¨envi Ki‡Zb| †Kv‡bv ai‡bi †mP Qvov
Mv‡iviv GK we‡kl ai‡bi avb Rb¥v‡Zb elv© gImy‡g| evwj©s gaycy‡ii gvw›`‡`i RygPv‡li cÖm½‡K e‡j‡Qb GwU
Av‡M wQj wKš‘ GLb eZ©gvb †bB wn‡m‡e| evwj©s gaycyi GjvKvq 1950 `kK †_‡KB f~wg AwaKv‡ii wZ³
AwfÁZvi cÖm½ ¸‡jv ï‡b G‡m‡Qb| evwl©K e¨w³MZ Rygf~wg e›U‡bi †‡Î †Zgb mgm¨v bv n‡jI MÖv‡gi Avf¨š—
ixY Rwg wb‡q wQj mxgvnxb we‡iva 42 | ‡gvnmxb (1997) gaycyi kvjeb GjvKvq gvw›` (hw`I wZwb ÔMv‡iv kãwU
e¨envi K‡i‡Qb, wKš‘ gvw›`iv wb‡R‡`i‡K gvw›` bv‡g cwiPq w`‡ZB ¯^v”Q›`¨ †eva K‡i) Avw`evmx‡`i f~wgnxbZvi
cÖm½ ‡U‡b e‡jb :
39 wek¦vm, A‡kvK| 2005, evsjv‡`‡ki ivReskx, evsjv GKv‡Wgx, XvKv, 175
40 Gomes, Father Stephen G CSC. 1988, The Paharias : a glimpse of tribal life in Northwestern Bangladesh, CARITAS
Bangladesh
41 Rxeb Avgv‡`i bq : evsjv‡`‡ki cve©Z¨ PÆMÖv‡g f~wg I gvbevwaKvi, 2001, Life is not ours : land and human rights in the
Chittagong hill tracts, Bangladesh, 1991 including updates 2000, International work group for Indigenous affairs
(IWGIA), Denmark, GB eBwUi evsjv ms¯‹ib cÖKvk K‡i‡Q cve©Z¨ PÆMÖvg Kwgkb, XvKv, c„. 80
42 Burling, Robbins. 1997. The strong women of Madhupur, The University Press Limited, Dhaka, pp 25, 52
9

...GUv mnR‡eva¨ †h msL¨vjNy‡`i cÖwZ iv‡óªi e¨vLvb AvwacZ¨kxj| GUv ivóª‡K †m ai‡bi bxwZ MÖn‡Yi AbygwZ
†`q hv wKbv msL¨vjNy‡`i AwaKvi Le© Ki‡Z cv‡i| f~wg msµvš— welqmg~‡n GUv we‡klfv‡e cÖZxqgvb nq|
G_wbK msL¨vjNy Rb‡Mvôx AwaKvsk †‡Î ivóªxq Giƒc e¨vLvb Ges Gi AbyeZx© bxwZmg~‡ni Øviv wZMÖ¯’ n‡q‡Q|
wKš‘ Gi cÖfve me †_‡K Zxeªfv‡e Abyf~Z n‡q‡Q cve©Z¨ PÆMÖv‡gi cvnvox Rb‡Mvôx Ges Mv‡iv‡`i g‡a¨ Ges Gi
d‡j Zviv Zv‡`i m¤ú` †_‡K wePz¨Z n‡q‡Q| Mv‡iv‡`i Zv‡`i n‡Z wePz¨ZKiY mgm¨vwU evsjv‡`k iv‡óª ZxeªZv
jvf K‡i miKv‡ii ebweev‡Mi Kvh©µ‡gi Kvi‡Y| hvi g‡a¨ Aš—f~©³ wQj ivevi evMvb Ges R¡vjvbx Kv‡Vi
evwYwR¨K Drcv`b| Mv‡iviv g~jZ: K…lK| Mv‡iviv evsjv‡`‡ki Dˇi gqgbwms‡n Ges gaycyi Mo A‡ji ¯’vqx
evwm›`v| Zviv Ryg Pv‡li m‡½ m‡½ nvj PvlI K‡i Zv‡K| Gi µgm¤cÖmvi‡Yi wcP‡b GKw`‡K †hgb wQj
cwi‡ekMZ Pvc †Zgwb Ab¨w`‡K wQj e„w×gvb RbmsL¨vi Pvc| f~wg wQj m¤cÖ`v‡qi gvwjKvbvaxb Ges Mv‡iv‡`i
e¨vw³MZ m¤úwËi aviYv wQj bv| 1950 mv‡j Rwg`vix cÖ_vi wejywßi ci gaycyi Mo A‡ji mKj e„ Av”Qvw`Z
D”Pf~wg miKvi ebwefvM‡K n¯—vš—i K‡i| GQvov Mv‡iv‡`i †ivcv avb Pv‡li bxPz Rwg¸‡jv wbqš¿‡Yi AwaKvi
Ae¨vnZ iv‡L ebwefvM| 1955 mv‡j gaycyi Mo AÂj msiwZ ebvÂj wn‡m‡e †NvwlZ nq| 1955 mv‡j Ryg Pvl
gaycyi Mo A‡j m¤ú~Y©iƒ‡c wbwl× n‡q hvq Ges Mv‡iv‡`i eva¨ n‡q †ivcv avb Pvl Ki‡Z nq| wKš‘ †mB †ivcv
avb Pvl Kivi Dchy³ Rwgi cÖvq meUzKz wb‡q †bIqv n‡qwQj| Gi d‡j Mv‡iv‡`i A_©‰bwZK I mvgvwRK ¯—
iweb¨v‡mi ZxeªZv e„w× cvq| †hme M„n¯’vjx‡Z kªgkw³ AwaK msL¨K wQj ev hviv Zv‡`i Rwg AwaK `Zvi mv‡_
cwiPvjbv Ki‡Z cviZ Zviv Ab¨‡`i Zzjbvq abx n‡q DV‡Z jvM‡jv| wKš‘ Ryg Pvl c×wZ‡Z f~wgnxbZv wQj
ARvbv Ges †KejgvÎ Ryg Pvl wbwl×Ki‡Yi Kvi‡Y Mv‡iv‡`i gv‡S f~wgnxbZvi m„wó nq 43 |
gaycy‡i ivóªKZ…©K cÖkœnxbfv‡e Avw`evmx‡`i RygPvl eÜ K‡i †`qv Ges ebf~wgi Dci Avw`evmx‡`i cÖ_vMZ
AwaKvi †K‡o †bqv cÖm‡½ Lv‡jK (1985) D‡j−L K‡i‡Qb, 1951 mv‡j Rwg`vix e¨e¯’v we‡jv‡ci c‡i 100
eQ‡ii Rb¨ gaycy‡ii eb e¨e¯’vcbvi `vwqZ¡ mivmwi AvÂwjK eb Kg©KZv©i Kv‡Q Ac©b Kvii K_v †NvlYv Kiv nq
Ges 1952 m‡b eb e¨e¯’vcbvi eb wefv‡Mi Kv‡Q b¨¯— nq| 1955 m‡b GB GjvKv‡K ÔmsiwZ ebÕ †NvlYv Kiv
nq| eb e¨e¯’vcbv ebwefv‡Mi nv‡Z P‡j hvIqvi ci †_‡KB GB wefvM Szg Pv‡li Dci wb‡lavÁv Av‡ivc K‡i
Ges Mv‡iv‡`i‡K Szg Pvl †_‡K weiZ _vK‡Z e‡j| Rwg`vi Avg‡j cvIqv cËbx Rwg Qvov Ab¨ me Rwg‡Z
Mv‡iv‡`i AwaKvi AMÖvn¨ Kiv nq| 1952-53 m‡bi w`K †_‡K SzgPvl m¤ú~Y©iƒ‡c eÜ n‡q hvq 44 | gaycyiM‡o
ebwefvM wKfv‡e evievi ebwbf©i Avw`evmx‡`i KvQ †_‡K cÖ_vMZ AwaKvi †K‡o †bq Ges bvbvb AwacwZ Dbœqb
cÖKí nvwRi K‡i G cÖm‡½ Bqvmgxb (2006) Rvbvb, ebwefvM Avw`evmx‡`i HwZn¨MZ f~wg‡K eivei ivevi
evMvb-mvgvwRK ebvqb-B‡KvcvK© Dbœq‡bi bv‡g msiwZ ebf~wg wn‡m‡e wPwýZ K‡i| ebf~wg Mv‡iv‡`i Rxe‡b
Zv‡`i †gŠwjK Pvwn`v c~i‡Y Abb¨ f~wgKv cvjb K‡i| Avw`evmxiv eb †_‡K wewfbœ ebAvjy msMÖn K‡i Ges
G¸‡jvi †kKo cieZx© eQ‡ii Rb¨ jvMvq I evuwP‡q iv‡L| eb †_‡K Avw`evmx‡`i cÖ‡qvRbxq R¡vjvwb msMÖn K‡i|
wKš‘ eZ©gv‡b Zviv eb †_‡K msMÖn Ki‡Z evavMÖ¯’ nq| ebwefvM †Uvj Av`vq K‡i| KLbI KLbI ebix‡`i
gva¨‡g Zviv kvixwiK wbhv©Zb Ges wg_¨v ebgvgjvi dvu‡` c‡o| Kvib ebwefvM Mv‡iv‡`i cÖ_vMZ ebAwaKvi‡K
A¯^xKvi K‡i 45 |
e„nËi gqgbwmsn A‡j Avw`evmx‡`i wb`vi“b f~wgnxbZvi cÖm‡½ eveyj (2007) wj‡L‡Qb, Avw`evmxiv †h nv‡i
Rwg nviv‡”Q, †m nv‡i nviv‡Z _vK‡j Zv‡`i Aw¯—Z¡ wUwK‡q ivLv KwVb n‡q co‡e, Zv Rvbvi Rb¨ we‡klÁ nIqvi
43 †gvnwmb, Av‡gbv| ‡g 1997| Mv‡iv Rb‡Mvôx : g~javivq Aš—jx©b ?, mgvR wbixY : 64, mgvR wbixY †K›`ª, XvKv, evsjv‡`k| c„. 72-75
44 Lv‡jK, wKewiqvDj| 1985| gaycyi M‡oi Mv‡iv‡`i eZ©gvb Av_©-mvgvwRK Ae¯’v| cÖeÜwU †bqv n‡q‡Q wewa wcUvi `vsM m¤úvw`Z ¯§iwYKv †_‡K|
ÔDcRvZxq mvwnZ¨ I ms¯‹…wZ kxl©K †mwgbvi 1985 Dcj‡¨ GwU cÖKvwkZ nq| DcRvZxq KvjPvivj GKv‡Wgx, wewiwkwi, †b·KvYv, c„.3-7
45 Yeshmin, Farhana and Rema, Rakesh. 2006, land rights and the eco-park, in the book The Garos : struggling to
survive in the valley of death Edited by Prof. Dr. Mizanur RahmanRahman, (this publication prepared with funds by
USAID and AED), ELCOP, Dhaka, p.157,171
10

cÖ‡qvRb c‡o bv| weMZ K‡qK eQ‡i Aa©kZvwaK Avw`evmx MÖvg wbwðý nIqvi gZ NUbv wb:m‡›`‡n fqven|
fvi‡Zi †jvKmfvi mv‡eK w¯úKvi wg. wc Gb mvsgvi ˆcwÎK MÖvg Uv½vB‡ji gaycy‡ii Rvjvjcyi AvR Avw`evmx
k~b¨, c„w_exi cÖ_g Mv‡iv wekc c‡bb cj Kzwei Rb¥¯’vb †`qvPvjv MÖv‡gI Avi †Kv‡bv Avw`evmx †bB 46 | GKUv mgq
ch©š— †kicyi-gqgbwmsn-Rvgvjcyi GjvKvi †gNvjq cvnv‡oi mxgv‡š—i Wvjy RvwZi †ek ¯^wbf©i mf¨Zv wQj| wKš‘
Kv‡j Kv‡j †mB ¯^wbf©iZv wejxb I wbwðý n‡q‡Q| g~jZ: K…wlRxex Wvjyiv eZ©gv‡b f~wgnxb w`bgRy‡i cwiYZ
n‡q‡Qb| evsjv‡`‡ki Wvjy eB‡Z ivq I Ab¨viv (2009) Wvjy‡`i fywg mgm¨vi cÖm½ Av‡jvPbv Ki‡Z wM‡q e‡jb,
g~jZ: 1943, 1950, 1964 mv‡j msNwUZ mv¤cÖ`vwqK `v½v I 1971 mv‡j evsjv‡`‡ki ¯^vaxbZv hy‡×i mgq Wvjy
Rb‡Mvôx me‡P‡q †ewk wZMÖ¯’ nq e‡j Zviv g‡b K‡i| GB mgq ¸‡jv‡Z Wvjy‡`i hyM hyM a‡i †fvM`Lj K‡i
Avmv Rwgi AwaKvskB `Lj n‡q hvq 47 |
e„nËi wm‡jU I nvIi AÂj
e„nËi wm‡jU A‡ji PvevMvb ¸‡jv‡Z emeviZ Avw`evmx‡`i f~wg AwaKvi AwbwðZ| GQvov Lvwmqv, weòz„wcÖqv
gwYcyix, ˆg‰Z gwYcyix, jv‡js, ˆRwš—qv, wÎcyixmn nvIi I †gNvjq mxgvš—eZx© nvRs-Lvwmqv-evbvB-eg©Y
Avw`emx‡`iI wUjvf~wg Ges nvIi Rjvf~wg‡Z †Kv‡bv me©Rbxb cÖ_vMZ AwaKvi †bB| jvwgb (2009) evsjv‡`‡ki
DËi-c~e© A‡ji e„nËi wm‡jU wefv‡Mi wewfbœ Lvwmqv cywÄi f~wg mgm¨v welq‡K e¨vLv Kivi Rb¨ wj‡L‡Qb,
...Ab¨vb¨ mgZ‡ji Avw`evmx‡`i g‡Zv Lvwmqv‡`i cÖavb mgm¨v n‡”Q f~wg| eskci¤úivq IB GjvKvq emevm
Kivi ciI AvR Zviv wbR emZwfUv I f~wg †_‡K weZvwoZ n‡”Q| cÖfvekvjx‡`i fqfxwZ, †Rvic~e©K `Lj,
cÖkvm‡bi Amn‡hvwMZv Ges Awkvi my‡hvM wb‡q Gme †Rvic~e©K Rwg `L‡ji NUbv N‡U‡Q cÖwZwbqZ 48 |
cvbRywgqv Lvwmqv‡`i f~wg mgm¨vi welq ¸‡jv wb‡q cZvg (2005) Zvi eB‡Z wj‡L‡Qb, ...Lvwmqv‡`i cÖavb mgm¨v
n‡jv f~wg mgm¨v| kZKiv 70 fvMB Lvwmqv‡`i wbR¯^ †Kvb f~wg †bB| †Kvb †Kvb †‡Î wbR¯^ wKQz D‡`¨vM
e¨ZxZ PvlK…Z ev `LjK…Z f~wgi wmsnfvM n‡jv wewfbœ gvwjKvbvaxb f~wgi Ask †_‡K e‡›`ve¯— †bIqv ev miKvix
Lvmf~wg Ges wKQz Ask ebwefvM KZ…©K msiwZ ebv‡j Lvwmqv‡`i Rb¨ eivÏK…Z ebf~wg| miKvix Lvm f~wgi
e‡›`ve¯—i †‡Î eivÏKi‡Y bvbvwea mgm¨vi Kvi‡Y Lvwmqviv Gme `LjK…Z f~wgi gvwjKvbv n‡Z ewÂZ n‡”Q|
f~wg e‡›`ve¯— I eivÏKi‡Y nqivbx I bv‡Rnvj n‡Z n‡”Q 49 | e„nËi wm‡jU A‡ji Lvwmqviv wKQy e¨vwZµg ev‡`
g~jZ: ebwefvM ev PvevMvb †_‡K AvBbMZfv‡e Rwg jxR wb‡q cvb-‡jey-mycvwi-djdjvw` Ryg-Avev` K‡i emevm
K‡ib| HwZnvwmKfv‡e wm‡j‡Ui GK wekvj As‡ki f~wg-DËivwaKvi Lvwmqviv n‡jI AvR Lvwmqviv †mB f~wg‡Z
f~wgnxb| cÖkœnxbfv‡e LvwmqvcywÄ (MÖvg) D‡”Q` n‡”Q, Lvwmqv Rbc‡` M‡o †Zvjv n‡”Q K‡cv©‡iU cyi“lZvwš¿K ch©Ub
evwYR¨, cv_i evwYR¨ I cÖwZ‡ekwebvkx B‡KvcvK©|
wm‡j‡Ui Lvw`g cvnv‡oi Lv‡`g (ZË¡veavqK) wb‡R‡`i g‡b K‡i jv‡js RvwZ| nhiZ kvnRvjvj (i:)mn 360
AvDwjqvi evsjv‡`‡k AvMgb Ges ÔBmjvg cÖPviÕ jv‡js‡`i Rb¨ wbR¯^ f~wg AwaKvinxbZv wn‡m‡e †`Lv †`q|
jv‡js f~wg‡ZB M‡o DV‡Z _v‡K gvRv‡ii ci gvRvi, Pv Pv‡li Rb¨ Rei`w¯— K‡i †K‡o †bqv nq Avw`evmx
jv‡js‡`i mxgvbv, cieZx©‡Z wm‡jU †mbvwbevm Ges Imgvbx wegvbe›`‡ii Rb¨ jv‡js‡`i MÖvg cÖkœnxbfv‡e
AwaMÖnY Kiv nq| wm‡jU m`i Dc‡Rjvq jv‡js MÖvg mg~n _vKvq cieZx©‡Z wmivwgKm †Kv¤úvwb Ges wewfbœ ch©Ub
I we‡bv`b‡K›`ª gvwjK bvbvbfv‡e jv‡js‡`i mKj RvqMv Rwg `Lj Ki‡Z _v‡K| Zxeª f~wg AwaKvinxbZvi †fZi
gvÎ 3500 jv‡js evsjv‡`‡ki wm‡jU Lvw`g cvnv‡o wU‡K _vKevi jovB Ki‡Q| jv‡js‡`i (hw`I †iLK
46 bK‡iK, eveyj wW| 2007, e„nËi gqgbwms‡n Avw`evmx‡`i fwel¨Z I m¤¢ve¨ P¨v‡jÄ, Avš—©RvwZK Avw`evmx w`em Dcj‡¨ evsjv‡`k Mv‡iv QvÎ
msMVb (evMvQvm)-XvKv gnvbMi kvLvi we‡kl cÖKvkbv wPwis †_‡K †jLvwU †bqv n‡q‡Q, wPwis m¤úv`bv K‡i‡Qb wc›Uz nvDB, XvKv, c„. 12
47 ivq, AwfwRr; Avjx, †gv. Gikv` I †mb, myKvš—| 2009, evsjv‡`‡ki Wvjy, eviwmK, XvKv, c„. 119
48 jvwgb, wmjfvbym| 2009, wecbœ Lvwm mgvR, wecbœ Lvwm ms¯‹…wZ-fvlv, ˆRwš—qv-Lvwm‡`i Ab¨Zg mvgvwRK Drme nKZB Dcj‡¨ cÖKvwkZ we‡kl
¯§iwYKv ÔnKZBÕ †_‡K †jLvwU †bqv n‡q‡Q, mRj ¯^vZx©i m¤úv`bvq GwU cÖKvk K‡i‡Q wm‡jU ˆRš—vcy‡ii Lvwmqv ‡mev msN, c„. 41
49 cZvg, i“k| 2005, Lvwmqv Rb‡Mvôx : BwZnvm, HwZn¨ I ms¯‹…wZ, wmjevbym jvwgb KZ…©K cÖKvwkZ| XvKv, c„.184-185
11

jv‡js‡`i‡K cvÎ bv‡gB cwiPq w`‡q‡Qb, wKš‘ jv‡jsiv wb‡R‡`i‡K jv‡js bv‡gB cwiPq Kivb) m¤ú‡K© G_‡bvMÖvd
RvZxq mgxvMÖ‡š’ PµeËx (2000) wj‡L‡Qb,
.......cv·`i †P‡q `wi`ª †Kv‡bv m¤cÖ`vq evsjv‡`‡k Ae¯’vb Ki‡Q bv e‡jB a‡i †bqv †h‡Z cv‡i| D‡j−L¨ †h,
¯^vfvweKfv‡e m¤ú‡`i b~b¨Zg Zv‡`i AwaKv‡i †bB| †K D †KD g‡b K‡i †h wewfbœ mgq I cwiw¯’wZ‡Z f~wg-
AwaKvi nvwi‡q †djvi Rb¨ cv·`i GB `yie¯’v| cv·`i `wi`ª nevi †cQ‡b GKgvÎ Kvib nj Zv‡`i f~wg n¯—vš—
i| AZx‡Z AwaKvsk cvÎB Kg‡ewk f~wgi gvwjK wQj A_ev †ek wKQz cwigvY f~wg Zv‡`i mK‡jiB AwaKv‡i wQj|
Kvjµ‡g Zviv GB f~wg AwaKvi nvwi‡q †d‡j hvi m~Pbv nq Ewbk kZ‡Ki ga¨fv‡M Pv-Pvl Gi ïi“‡Z| BD‡ivcxq
Pv-KiMY cv·`i emwZ cvnvo I wUjvmwbœwnZ AÂj Pv-Pv‡li Rb¨ †e‡Q †bq Ges Rei`L‡ji gva¨‡g cv·`i
D‡”Q` K‡i cÖwZôv K‡i Zv‡`i KZ…©Z¡| cv·`i g‡a¨ f~wgnx‡bi msL¨v GK-Z…Zxqvsk hv‡`i cÖvq mK‡jB w`bgRyi
wn‡m‡e KvR K‡i| Jcwb‡ewkK Avg‡j Pv-Pv‡li m~Pbvq cv·`i f~wg wbqš¿‡Yi †h cÖfve m„wó K‡i‡Q Zvi †P‡q
Zv‡`i f~wg wbqš¿Y †ewk cÖfvweZ n‡q‡Q cieZx©Kv‡j evOvwj AbycÖ‡e‡ki gva¨‡g 50 |
kvnRvjvj weÁvb I cÖhyw³ wek¦we`¨vj‡qi b„weÁvb wefvM †_‡K øvZ‡KvËi †kªYxi GK mgxvq nvB (2007)
†`wL‡q‡Qb, GKUv mg‡q jv‡jsiv A‡bK Rwgi gvwjK n‡jI Kvjµ‡g Rwg nvwi‡q eZ©gv‡b Zviv f~wgnxb w`bgRy‡i
cwiYZ n‡q‡Q 51 | 1996-1997 mv‡j 310 cwievi cv·`i Dci cwiPvwjZ GK mgxvq PµeËx© (2000)
†`wL‡qwQ‡jb, cvÎ m¤cÖ`v‡qi 30.61 % cwievi f~wgnxb 52 | ‡mb I Ab¨viv (2007) jv‡js‡`i f~wg `L‡ji
wcQ‡b ewnivMZ cÖfvekvjx evOvwj‡`i `vqx K‡i e‡j‡Qb, wm‡jU A‡j cv·`i KvQ †_‡K Ava †Kqvi (15
kZK) Rwg µq Kivi mgq AvU †Kqvi (240 kZvsk) Rwg wj‡L †bqv evOvwjiv 53 |
fvIqvjMo AÂj
AvPvh© I Ab¨viv (2007) fvIqvj M‡oi Avw`evmx‡`i f~wg nviv‡bvi cÖm‡½ GKwU D`vnib †U‡b e‡jb, †m‡Uj‡g›U
Awd‡mi Gm G †iKW© †_‡K †`Lv hvq, MvRxcyi †Rjvi †KŠPvKzwo †gŠRvi cÖvq 5wU MÖv‡g 44wU Avw`evmx cwievi
wQj| G‡`i g‡a¨ eZ©kv‡b gvÎ 13wU cwievi emevm Ki‡Q Ab¨iv ¯’vbš—wiZ n‡q‡Q| GB cwievi¸wji M‡o cÖvq
cvuP GKi K‡i Rwg wQj A_P eZ©gv‡b AwaKvskB f~wgnxb Ges Kv‡iviB GK GKiI Rwg †bB 54 | AvPvh© I
Ab¨vb¨iv (2007) fvIqvjM‡oi Avw`evmx‡`i f~wgnxbZv cÖm‡½ Av‡iv Rvbvb, MvRxcyi †Rjvi kªxcyi _vbvi
dzjevwo BDwbq‡bi AvIZvaxb ivgP›`ªcyi, †K›`yqvi evBZ MÖvg¸‡jv‡Z GKmgq eskx(eg©Y) Avw`evmx‡`i cÖvavY¨
wQj| Kvwjqv‰Ki Dc‡Rjvi PvevMvb MÖv‡g 50wU †eŠbv/ey‡bv cwievi eskvbyµwgK fv‡e K‡qKk eQi a‡i GB
GjvKvi Rwg †fvM `Lj K‡i AvmwQj| Zv‡`i †Kv‡bv †iKW©K…Z Rwg wQj bv| G¸‡jv g~jZ: †gŠwLKfv‡e
wewje›UK…Z Rwg| wKš‘ weMZ K‡qKeQi a‡i mgZ‡ji GB Avw`evmxiv Zv‡`i †fvM`L‡j _vKv Rwg Rgv nvwi‡q
wb:¯^cÖvq| Gi d‡j Zv‡`i Av_©-mvgvwRK, ivR‰bwZK, agx©q, mvs¯‹…wZK Rxe‡b G‡m‡Q cwieZ©b| MvRxcyi †Rjvi
Avw`evmx‡`i‡K weMZ cvuP `k‡K 94% f~wg nviv‡Z n‡q‡Q 55 |
50 PµeËx©, W. iZb jvj| 2000| wm‡j‡Ui wb:¯^ Avw`evmx cvÎ, gvIjv eªv`vm©, XvKv, c„. 61
51 Hye, Muhammad Abdul. 2007, The Laleng community of Sylhet, JASHIS, Sylhet, p.44
52 PµeËx©, W. iZb jvj| 2000| wm‡j‡Ui wb:¯^ Avw`evmx cvÎ, gvIjv eªv`vm©, XvKv, c„. 60
53 ‡mb, myKvš—; ivq, AwfwRr I jvwgb, wmjfvbym| 2007, mgZ‡ji Avw`evmx : AwaKvi I AwaKvinxbZv, eviwmK, XvKv, c„. 97
54 AvPvh©, Rqš—; eg©Y, wch„l; PµeZx©, wefvl Ges wmK`vi, †mŠif| 2007, Avw`evmx‡`i f~wg nviv‡bvi KviY Ges mvgvwRK Rxe‡b Gi cÖfve : †cÖwZ
MvRxcyi †Rjv, A·dvg-wRwe evsjv‡`k †cÖvMÖvg, XvKv, c„.70
55 AvPvh©, Rqš— I eg©Y, wchyl| 2007| Avw`evmx‡`i f~wg nviv‡bvi Kvib Ges mvgvwRK Rxe‡b Gi cÖfve : †cÖwZ MvRxcyi, A·dvg wRwe-evsjv‡`k,
XvKv, c„. 60-70
12

Pv evMvb AÂj
wK cve©Z¨ PÆMÖvg, mgZj AÂj I mgy`ª DcK’j me A‡ji Avw`evmx‡`i Av‡jvPbvq Lye mveav‡b Gwo‡q hvIqv
nq evsjv‡`‡ki Pv evMv‡b emeviZ GK wekvj Avw`evmx Aa¨vq‡K| hv‡`i wKQy Ask PvMv‡bi PvkªwgK n‡jI
AwaKvs‡kiB †Kv‡bv f~wg ev RxweKv wbivcËv †bB| mvuIZvj, IuivI, gyÛv, cvnvb, gvnvjx, †Kvj, f~wgR, Lvwoqv,
†`‡kvqvjx, Kzgx©, wms, cvnvwo, iv‡Rvqvi, gv`ªvRx, †bcvwj, Avmvgx GiKg cwimsL¨vbnxb cÖvq `k jvL Avw`evmx
RvwZi evm †`‡ki wm‡jU I PÆMÖvg wefv‡Mi PvevMb ¸‡jv‡Z| hv‡`i mv‡_ jv‡js I f~wgDØv¯‘ gvw›`‡`i GK eo
emevm Ki‡Q| weªwUk Dcwb‡ek Avg‡j PvevwY‡R¨i Rb¨ wg_¨v Avk¦vm w`‡q fvi‡Zi zav I `~wf© cxwoZ
Avw`evmx‡`i ÔMvQ wQjv‡j iƒwcqv wg‡j..Õ e‡j Avw`evmx‡`i GK e¨vcK Ask‡K PvevMv‡bi Pzw³e× `vmkªwgK
evbv‡bv nq| evsjv‡`‡ki Pv evMv‡b Avw`evmx‡`i AvMgb m¤ú‡K© fyTv (2003) Rvwb‡q‡Qb, 1871 mv‡j gvÎ 10
erm‡i 71,950 Rb Pv kªwgK Avg`vbx Kiv nq Ges cieZx© 10 ermi wظb A_v©r 1,49, 650 Rb kªwgK Avg`vbx
Kiv nq| 1901 mv‡j 1,44,876 Rb Avg`vbxK…Z Pv kªwgK‡`i g‡a¨ fvi‡Zi †QvU bvMcyi n‡Z 22,745 Rb Ges
evsjvi wewfbœ AÂj n‡Z 22,067 Rb, hy³cÖ‡`k n‡Z 41,169 Rb Pv kªwgK Avg`vbx Kiv n‡qwQj 56 | wMiwgwU ev
AvRxeb `vmZ¡ Pzw³i gva¨‡g Avmv PvkªwgK‡`i AwaKvskB AvR Avi Pv evMv‡bi kªwgK bb, ivóª GLbI ch©š— ¯’vqx
f~wg eivÏ Ki‡Z cv‡iwb PvevMvwbqv‡`i Rb¨| PvevMvb gvwjK, ¯’vbxq cÖfvekvjx evOvwj, ebwefvM, GgbwK Lvwmqv
cywÄi mv‡_ G wb‡q PvkªwgK‡`i cÖkœnxb f~wg we‡iva wU‡KB Av‡Q|
`wY-cwðgvÂj I my›`ieb
evsjv‡`‡ki `wY-cwðgv‡ji c„w_exi me‡P eo GKK g¨vb‡MÖvf ebf~wg my›`ieb A‡ji Avw`evmx gyÛv,
gvnv‡Zv, evºxivI Ab¨vb¨ GjvKvi gZB GK f~wgnxb Ae¯’v cvwo w`‡”Qb| ewnivMZ evOvwj KZ…©K f~wg `Lj I
bvbvb †KŠk‡j Avw`evmx f~wg †K‡o †bqvi cvkvcvwk Avwki `kK †_‡K hy³ n‡q‡Q K…wlRwg‡Z cÖkœnxb K‡cv©‡iU
wPswo evwY‡R¨i †Ni| wPswo †N‡ii d‡j Avw`evmx‡`i K…wlRwg bvbvbfv‡e †RviRei`w¯— K‡i †K‡o †bqvi gZB
GK mvaib Pj Pvjy Av‡Q `wY-cwðgv‡j| `vm (2002) G cÖm‡½ Rvwb‡q‡Qb, gnvivRv exi gvwbK¨ 1931 I
1943 mv‡j DcRvwZ Rb‡Mvôx¸‡jvi Rb¨ †h Rwg msiY K‡i wM‡qwQ‡jb, Avev` Movi KvR †kl K‡i Zv‡`i
wKPz †jvK †m Rwg‡ZB †_‡K hvq| Rwg`vi‡`iv Zv‡`i Ggbfv‡e Rwg `vb K‡iwQ‡jb †h, †m Rwg weµq m¤ú~Y©
wbwl× wQj d‡j gyÛv‡`i Rwg Avi bvg cËb nqwb| ax‡i ax‡i mnR mij wbii GB gyÛviv ¯’vbxq †kvlK gvZeŸi
†kªYxi nv‡Z wbhv©wZZ n‡Z _v‡K Ges gvZeŸi †kªYxiv gyÛv‡`i mi`vi Dcvwa w`‡q Rwg RvqMv GgbwK wf‡U ch©š—
wb‡Ri bv‡g wj‡L †bq 57 | myavsï (2005) †`‡ki `wY-cwðgv‡ji gyÛv‡`i f~wgnxbZv m¤ú‡K© Av‡iv Rvbvb †h,
GKmgq †h gyÛvivB †Kej my›`ieb msjMœ Avev`x Rwg ˆZwi K‡i Pvlvev‡`i cÖeZ©b K‡iwQj AvR †mB gyÛv‡`i
AwaKvs‡kiB wbR¯^ †Kv‡bv Rwg †bB| Zviv c‡ii Rwg A_ev Lvm Rwg‡Z emevm K‡i 58 |
DËi-cwðgvÂjmn †`‡ki mgZ‡ji Avw`evmx‡`i f~wgnxbZvi welq wb‡q wbðqB Avgv‡`i gv‡S ‡Kv‡bv m‡›`n
†bB| Avw`evmx‡`i GB f~wgnxbZvi Kvwnbxi HwZnvwmKZv Av‡Q, f~wgivq Avw`evmx‡`i i‡q‡Q `xN© ‡kªYxwec−‡ei
Awe¯§iYxq me AvL¨vb| Avgiv Avjv‡ci GB chv©‡q mgZj A‡ji Avw`evmx‡`i f~wgnxbZvi wKQy my¯úó Kvib
Ges RvZxqfv‡e g‡bv‡hvM ˆZix nIqv f~wg Av‡›`vj‡bi mswß wKQy aviYv Zz‡j aiwQ|
56 fyTv, †gv. nvwdRyi ingvb| 2003, hyM ci¤úivq evsjvi f~wg AvBb I f~wg e¨e¯’v : AvaywbK hyM weªwUk Avgj, KvwbR dvwZgv I †gv. nvwdRyi ingvb
f~Tv †hŠ_fv‡e eBwU cÖKvk K‡i‡Qb, PÆMÖvg, c„. 42
57 `vm, wgjb| 2002, Avw`evmx gyÛv‡`i Rxeb-‰ewPΨ, cwiÎvY, mvZxiv
58 gwj−K, myavsï| 2005, evsjv‡`‡ki `wY-cwðv‡ji gyÛv m¤cÖ`v‡qi PvjwPÎ, mvßvwnK 2000, msL¨v 46, XvKv
13

mgZj A‡ji Avw`evmx f~wgi i³v³ †`ªvnx Mv_v
Kz‡Äi NviKvi
eyonv eyown
Av‡Rv ew›`
evc `v`v †PŠÏ cyi“l
gvbKv AvIwa|
GB M„‡ni Avw` †`eZv/e„×-e„×viv hv‡K e›`bv K‡i‡Q/AvgivI Zv‡`i e›`bv KiwQ,/
c~e© cyi“‡liv hv‡K †g‡b G‡m‡Q/ AvgivI Zv‡K †g‡b AvmwQ 59 |
(†mvnivB ci‡ei GKwU IuivI gš¿)
Aw`ª wPwmg I Asï wPwmg
Avgiv `yB mš—vb‡K
hviv wkï eq‡m ARv‡š—B Mv‡iv cvnv‡o I‡`i Rb¥f~wg †`k nvwi‡q‡Q, †gb‡bs b`xi K’‡j
c~e©cyi“‡li RvqMv-Rwg-MÖvg nvwi‡q‡Q| Avw`evmx Mvb-b„Z¨-ms¯‹…wZ-HwZn¨ RMZ nvwi‡q‡Q 60 |
Avw`evmxiv HwZnvwmKfv‡e f~wgi mvgvwRK gvwjKvbvq Af¨¯’| f~wg I m¤ú‡`i e¨vw³MZ gvwjKvbvi Pvc
Avw`evmx‡`i Dci cÖkœnxbfv‡e Pvwc‡q‡Q ivóª| f~wgi wPwýZKi‡Yi Rb¨ `wjj `¯—v‡e‡Ri gZ KvMR I bw_
msi‡Yi Af¨vmI AwaKvsk Avw`evmx GjvKvq †Kv‡bv mvavib Pj n‡q `vuovqwb| f~wg‡Kw›`ªK Avw`evmx‡`i
cvi¯úwiK `vk©wbK wfwË hv eivei f~wgi mPjZv Ges cwieZ©bkxjZvi cÖwZ m¤§vb Rvbvq Ges f~wg‡K Rxe‡bi GK
Agi Aw¯—Z¡ g‡b K‡i| wKš‘ ivóª ev evOvwj ev ebwefv‡Mi f~wgi cÖwZ wek¦vm I `k©‡bi mv‡_ Avw`evmx GB f~wg
`k©‡bi i‡q‡Q we¯—i dvivK| Avi f~wgi cÖwZ GB `k©bMZ we‡ivaB Avw`evmx‡`i KvQ †_‡K †Rvic~e©K f~wg wQwb‡q
†bqv‡K evOvwj Rb‡Mvôx ev ivóª GKwU ÔmvavibÕ NUbv g‡b K‡i| Avw`evmxiv `xN©w`b hveZ wbR¯^ f~wgi cÖ_vMZ
gvwjKvbv‡ZB Af¨¯’ wQ‡jb Ges cieZx©‡Z f~wgi ivl&ªUxq Rwic I †iKW© ïi“ n‡j Avw`evmx‡`i Rwg fyj fv‡e
Ges A‡bK †‡Î hZUzKz Rwg Av‡Q Zvi PvB‡Z A‡bK Kg ev Avw`evmxi Rwg Ab¨ †Kv‡bv evOvwji bv‡g †iKW©
Kiv nq| Avw`evmxiv hLb Pv‡c c‡o wbR¯^ Rwg wewµ Ki‡Z eva¨ nb ZLbI †`Lv hvq Avw`evmxiv Rwgi b¨vh¨
`vg cvb bv| A‡bK‡‡ÎB hZUzKz Rwg wewµ K‡ib GKRb Avw`evmx wKš‘ †µZv evOvwj n‡j wZwb †KŠk‡j †mLv‡b
AviI †ekx Rwg wjwL‡q †bb| gnvRb, FYMÖnxZv Ges PjwZmg‡qi z`ªFYe¨emvqx GbwRI‡`i gva¨‡gI
Avw`evmxiv Rwg wRivZ eÜK ivL‡Z eva¨ nb, wKš‘ cieZx©‡Z F‡Yi UvKv †kva K‡iI Avi KL‡bvB Rwg wd‡i cvb
bv e‡j A‡b‡KB Rvwb‡q‡Qb| ewnivMZ evOvwjiv bvbvb mg‡q Avw`evmx Abyôvb, c~Rv Ges mvgvwRK Drm‡e G‡m
mgm¨v K‡i Ges MÖvgxY mvavib NUbv mg~nB GKchv©‡q Avw`evmx-evOvwj we‡iv‡a iƒc †bq Ges Gi djkÖ“wZ‡Z
evOvwjiv cieZx©‡Z `jejmn Avw`evmx MÖvg `Lj K‡i| Avw`evmx‡`i GjvKvq evwYwR¨K ZvgvK-f~Æv-nvBweªW Pvl,
evwYwR¨K grm¨Lvgvi, evwYwR¨K wPswo †Ni, evwYwR¨K ‡K›`ª, we‡bv`b‡K›`ª M‡o †Zvjvi gva¨‡g Avw`evmx‡`i
D‡”Q` Kiv GK Ômvavib NUbvÕ| cÖvK…wZK ebf~wg Ges ebwf©i Avw`evmx‡`i Rxeb I f~wg AwaKvi wecbœ K‡i
†kicy‡ii MRbx‡Z ˆZix Kiv MRbx AeKvk hvcb †K›`ª, Uv½vB‡ji gaycyi B‡KvcvK©, †gŠjfxevRv‡ii gvaeKyÛ
B‡KvcvK©, LvMovQwoi AvjywUjv ¸nv, w`bvRcy‡ii ¯^cœcyix, wm‡j‡U jv‡js Avw`evmx‡`i D‡”Q` K‡i RvKvwiqv wmwU
I Rvdjs-G M‡o †Zvjv n‡q‡Q evwYwR¨K we‡bv`b †K›`ª|
ivq I Ab¨vb¨iv (1943) Rvbvb, †`kfvM I bvbvb mg‡q msMwVZ mv¤cÖ`vwqK `v½vmg~nI Avw`evmx f~wgnxbZvi
GK Ab¨gZ Kvib| g~jZ: 1943, 1950, 1964 mv‡j msNwUZ mv¤cÖ`vwqK `v½v I 1971 mv‡j evsjv‡`‡ki
59 Rwjj, W. gn¤§` Ave`yj| 1999, DËie‡½i Avw`evmx †jvKRxeb I †jvKmvwnZ¨ : IivIu, wek¦mvwnZ¨ feb, XvKv, c„. 83
60 `ªs, mÄxe| 2001, evsjv‡`‡ki wecbœ Avw`evmx, bI‡ivR wKZvwe¯—vb, XvKv| eBwUi DrmM© c„ôvq wb‡Ri mš—vb‡`i eBwU DrmM© Ki‡Z †h‡q †jLK
Avw`evmx‡`i ¯^wbf©i mf¨Zv I Avcb f~wg nviv‡bvi †e`bv †P‡c ivL‡Z cv‡ib wb|
14

¯^vaxbZv hy‡×i mgq Wvjy Rb‡Mvôx me‡P‡q †ewk wZMÖ¯’ nq e‡j Zviv g‡b K‡i| GB mgq ¸‡jv‡Z Wvjy‡`i hyM
hyM a‡i †fvM`Lj K‡i Avmv Rwgi AwaKvskB `Lj n‡q hvq 61 |
Avw`evmx f~wg `L‡ji GKwU cÖavb c evsjv‡`k ebwefvM| ebwefv‡Mi mv‡_ ebwbf©i Avw`evmx‡`i i‡q‡Q
HwZnvwmK AgxgvswmZ we‡iva| ebwefv‡Mi †Kv‡bv Kg©m~wPB Avw`evmx‡`i c~e© AbygwZ I wm×vš— Abyhvqx Kiv nq
bv| †hgb, mvgvwRK ebvqb, hv ˆZwi n‡q‡Q Gwkq Dbœqb e¨vs‡Ki wb‡`©‡k| †`‡ki cÖvK…wZK ebf~wg DRvo K‡i
cÖvK…wZK ebf~wg wbf©i Avw`evmx‡`i Zvwo‡q ebwefvM GB cÖwZ‡ekwebvkx mvgvwRK ebvqb Kg©m~wP ev¯—evq‡b †ek
D‡j−L‡hvM¨ f~wgKv ivL‡Q| GwWwei ZË¡veav‡b evsjv‡`‡ki Ôd‡iw÷ª gv÷vi c−¨vb Kiv n‡q‡Q hv G‡RÛv-21, Avš—
RvwZ©K cÖvY‰ewPΨ mb` Ges Avw`evmx AwaKv‡ii RvqMv †_‡K ÔcÖvBIi BbdigW Kb‡m›UÕ bq 62 | m‡ib (2006)
G cÖm‡½ DËie‡½i Avw`evmx‡`i f~wg mgm¨vi GK cÖavb Kvib wn‡m‡e wPwýZ K‡i‡Qb ebwefv‡Mi cÖkœnxb
mvgvwRK ebvqb Kvh©µg‡K| wZwb Rvbvb, evsjv‡`‡ki DËie‡½i ivRkvnx wefv‡Mi 16wU †Rjvq mvuIZvj, gyÛv,
IivI, iv‡Rvqvi, Zzwi, Kg©Kvi, gv‡jv, gvnv‡Zv, gvjcvnvwoqv, MÛ, cvUwb, evMw`, gvnvjx, gymni, †KvjKvgvi,
fyuBgvwj, †KvP, †Zjx, †MvovZ, PvuB, evBQbx, jniv, nvwo, Nv‡Uvqvj, †`vlv`, Pvovj, Wniv, f~wgR,
Av½yqviiv‡RvqvW, †ewZqv, bywbqvnvwo, ivReskx, cvnvwoqv, fuyBqv, evM`x, iwe`vm, ivB, †ew`qvmn cÖvq 38wU
RvwZmËvi cÖvq 15 jv‡LiI †ekx Avw`evmx emevm K‡ib| Gwkq Dbœqb e¨vsK(GwWwe) Gi mnvqZv I cwiKíbvq
Z_vKw_Z mvgvwRK ebvq‡bi bv‡g evsjv‡`k ebwefvM 63 w`bvRcy‡ii beveMÄ, cve©Zxcyi, weivgcyi, †NvovNvU,
weij I exiMÄ Dc‡Rjvi Avw`evmx‡`i‡K Rb¥gvwU †_‡K D‡”Q` K‡i‡Q|
Avgiv `iKvi n‡j GLv‡bB gie wKš‘ Rwg Qvoe bv|
Avgiv GLv‡b Ggb Lwb PvB bv hv Avgv‡`i D‡”Q` Ki‡e 64 |
Dc‡ii e³e¨wU ixbv UzWyi| w`bvRcy‡ii eoeyKwP MÖv‡gi mvuIZvj K…lvYx ixbv UzWyi (45) Pv‡li Rwg 20 weNv Ges
emZevwo I av‡bi Rwg wgwj‡q Av‡iv 5 weNv Rwg Av‡Q| G RwgB Zvi Rxeb RxweKvi GKgvÎ Drm| ivóª hLb
K‡cv©‡iU Gwkqv GbvRx©‡K Db¥y³ c×wZ‡Z Kqjv D‡Ëvj‡bi cÖkœnxb AbygwZ w`‡qwQj ZLb ixbv UzWyi gZ A‡b‡KB
ey‡Ki i³ w`‡q iv‡óªi GB wm×v‡š—i wei“‡× `vuovq| Avw`evmxiv Db¥y³ Kqjv D‡Ëvj‡bi bv‡g dzjevwo, weivgcyi,
beveMÄ, cve©Zxcyi Dc‡Rjvi 67wU Avw`evmx MÖvg D‡”Q` Kiv Pj‡e bv 65 e‡j msMwVZ K‡i‡Qb †`kxq m¤ú` I
Avcb f~wg ivi GK †Rvi`vi cÖwZ‡iva| weªwUk K‡cv©‡iU Lwb †Kv¤úvwb Gwkqv GbvwR© w`bvRcy‡ii dzjevwocve©Zxcyi-beveMÄ-weivgcyi
Dc‡Rjvi g‡nkcyi, exiUjv, PKPKv, cvwUKvNvU, cvuPcyKzwiqv, Mv‡ivcvov,
wMwieicvov, ‰KeyiPvù , †Nvovcv_i, avbRywo, mM‡j, PwÛcyimn cÖvq 67wU MwiôfvM mvuIZvj Aay¨wlZ MÖvgcÖvK…wZK
Rjvf~wg, MÖvgxY eb, K…wlRwg I ¯’vbxq mf¨Zv‡K Lyb K‡i Kqjv evwb‡R¨i Rb¨ cÖwZev`x wgwQ‡j
61 ivq, AwfwRr; Avjx, †gv. Gikv` I †mb, myKvš—| 2009, evsjv‡`‡ki Wvjy, eviwmK, XvKv, c„. 119
62 Roy, Raja Devasish. 2005. Perspectives of Indigenous peoples on the review of Asian Development Bank’s Forest
Policy, GB cÖeÜwU evsjv‡`k Avw`evmx †dvivg, XvKv KZ©©„K cÖKvwkZ 9 AvM÷ 2005 mv‡ji Avš—RvwZ©K Avw`evmx w`e‡mi cÖKvkbv ÔmsnwZÕ bv‡gi
¯§iwYKv †_‡K †bqv n‡q‡Q| c„. 59-66
63 m‡ib, iex›`ªbv_| DËie‡½i Avw`evmx : f~wg mgm¨v Rxe‡bi msKU| mvuIZvj we‡`ªv‡ni 151Zg evwl©Kx Dcj‡¨ mvuIZvj we‡`ªv‡ni 151 Zg evwl©Kx
D`hvcb RvZxq KwgwU KZ©„K cÖKvwkZ nyj bv‡gi ¯§iwYKv †_‡K †jLvwU †bqv n‡q‡Q| GwU m¤úv`bv K‡i‡Qb cv‡fj cv_©, wniYwgÎ PvKgv, wmjfvbym
jvwgb Ges RvbœvZ-G-‡di‡`Šmx, evsjv‡`‡ki XvKv †_‡K GwU cÖKvwkZ n‡q‡Q 30 Ryb 2006, c„. 23-25
64 MvBb, wdwjc| 2006, w`bvRcy‡i Db¥y³ c×wZ‡Z Kqjv D‡Ëvjb cÖKí : A‡bK gybvdvi nvZQvwb, Lx‡mi wewbg‡q †gvUv gybvdv? †K n‡e †ewk
jvfevb? Kvi n‡e †ewk wZ?, †kW cÖKvwkZ awiÎx cwÎKv †_‡K cÖwZ‡e`bwU †bqv nq‡Q, awiÎx m¤úv`bv K‡i‡Qb wdwjc MvBb, †kW, XvKv, c„. 2
65 7 Ryb 2006 Zvwi‡L w`bvRcyi †cÖmK¬v‡e evsjv‡`k Avw`evmx mwgwZ, w`bvRcyi †Rjv Avw`evmx mgvR Dbœqb mwgwZ, f~wg AwaKvi ev¯—evqb KwgwU I
RvZxq Avw`evmx cwil` †hŠ_fv‡e ÔAvw`evmx‡`i Rxe‡bi msKU I `vwe DÌvcb Dcj‡¨ †h mvsevw`K m‡¤§jb K‡i †mLv‡b 11 `dv `vwe DÌvwcZ nq|
GwU †mLvbKvi GK cÖavb `vwe|
15

cÖkœnxbfv‡e ¸wj Pvwj‡q MYnZ¨v K‡i‡Q| dzjevwo GjvKv‡K KqjvLwbi bv‡g Gwkqv GbvwR©i nv‡Z Zz‡j bv †`qvi
Rb¨ Avev‡iv mvuIZvj‡`i ey‡Ki KwjRv †c‡Z GB HK¨e× `vuov‡bv û‡ji wSwj‡KiB DËivwaKvi 66 |
KvKZvjxqfv‡e †`‡ki cÖvq me¸‡jv f~wgK¤úcÖeY GjvKv‡ZB †hgb Avw`evmx‡`i emevm †Zgwb Avw`evmx AÂj
¸‡jvB Kqjv-M¨vm-‡Zj-cÖvYm¤ú‡` ficyi| Avi GB m¤ú` wQbZvB Ki‡ZB BD‡bvKj, Aw·‡W›Uvj, †kfib,
Gwkqv GbvRx©, †kj, bvB‡Kvi g‡Zv K‡cv©‡iU †Kv¤úvwbiv iv‡óªi gva¨‡g evievi nvgjv Pvjv‡”Q Avw`evmx Rbc‡`|
K‡cv©‡iU Rxevk¥ R¡vjvwb Lbb Ges D‡Ëvj‡bi d‡j Avw`evmxiv wbR¯^ f~wgi AwaKvi nviv‡”Q w`b‡K w`b| †mB
w`bvRcy‡ii dzjevwo †_‡K †gŠjfxevRv‡ii jvDqvQov e‡bi †fZi|
Avw`evmx f~wg mgm¨v m¤ú‡K© Av‡jvPbv cÖm‡½ A‡b‡KB Avw`evmx f~wg‡Z mvgwiK ¯’vcbvi K_v D‡j−L K‡ib|
wm‡j‡Ui jv‡js f~wg‡Z ˆZix n‡q‡Q wm‡jU Rvjvjvev` †mbvwbevm Ges Imgvbx wegvbe›`i, gaycyi kvje‡bi †fZi
gvw›` Avw`evmx MÖvg D‡”Q` K‡i ˆZix Kiv n‡q‡Q wegvb evwnbxi dvqvwis I †evw¤^s †iÄ| w`bvRcy‡i Avw`evmx MÖvg
D‡”Q` K‡i ˆZix Kiv n‡q‡Q cj−x we`y¨Z †K›`ª, w`bvRcy‡ii bwmcy‡i Avw`evmx MÖvg D‡”Q` K‡i ˆZix Kiv n‡q‡Q
K…wl M‡elYv †K›`ª| PvKgv (2005) cve©Z¨ PÆMÖv‡gi f~wg mgm¨v‡K we‡k−lY K‡i †mbvevwnbx KZ…©K Avw`evmx f~wg
AwaMÖnY m¤ú‡K© e‡j‡Qb, ev›`iev‡bi jvgvi miB BDwbq‡bi gyi“s‡`i Ryg GjvKvmn mgMÖ cve©Z¨ PÆMÖv‡g Ry¤§‡`i
f~wg †e`Lj Ae¨vnZfv‡e Pj‡Q Ges AZ¨š— m~ cwiKíbv †gvZv‡eK ewnivMZ AbycÖ‡ek NUv‡bv n‡”Q| cve©Z¨
PÆMÖv‡g ÔAcv‡ikb DËiYÕ bv‡g GL‡bv †mbvkvmb Rvix ivLv n‡q‡Q Ges bvbv ARynv‡Z cve©Z¨ PÆMÖv‡g †mbvK¨v¤ú
¯’vcb Kiv n‡”Q| †mbvevwnbxi cÖZ¨ mnvqZvq LvMovQwoi †jgyQwo, MvgvoxXvjv, Rq‡mb Kvev©ixcvov BZ¨vw`
GjvKvq Ry¤§‡`i †iKWx©q I †fvM`Ljxq Rwgi Dci kZ kZ Nievox wbgv©Y K‡i Rei`Lj K‡i‡Q| mvgvwRK
ebvq‡bi bv‡g miKvi 1989 mv‡j ev›`ievb, ivOvgvwU I LvMovQwo †Rjvi 83wU †gŠRvi 2 jvL 18 nvRvi GKi
Rwg AwaMÖnY K‡i| GKB m‡½ ev›`iev‡b AvwU©jvwi †Uªwbs †m›Uvi ¯’vc‡bi Rb¨ mv‡o 11 nvRvi GKi f~wg AwaMÖnY
Kiv nq| eZ©gv‡b ev›`iev‡bi i“gv †mbvwbevm m¤cÖmvi‡Yi Rb¨ 9 jvL 560 GKi f~wg AwaMÖnY Kivi D‡`¨vM
†bqv n‡q‡Q| Gme c`‡‡ci d‡j cÖvq GK jvL Avw`evmx wbR f~wg †_‡K D‡”Q` n‡q co‡e 67 |
we`¨gvb wkve¨e¯’v, cvV¨cy¯—K Ges MYgva¨‡gI BwZevPKfv‡e Avw`evmx‡`i Dc¯’vcb Kiv nq bv| ‡h wkï eq‡m
GKR‡bi g‡bvRMZ ˆZix n‡Z _v‡K †m eq‡mB Avw`evmx‡`i m¤ú‡K© GKUv ÔfyjÕ Ges we‡ivac~Y© Aci aviYv wb‡q
eo n‡Z eva¨ nq G‡`‡ki evsjv gva¨‡g cvViZ RbMY| Avw`evmx‡`i f~wg mgm¨vi cÖm½¸‡jv †Kv‡bvfv‡eB wkv
cvV¨µ‡gi welq n‡q `vuovq bv| MYgva¨‡g Avw`evmx f~wg mgm¨v Ges f~wg we‡iv‡ai c~bv©½ weeiY I wPÎ memgq
cvIqv hvq bv|
mgZ‡ji Avw`evmx‡`i f~wgnxbZvi †‡Î Avw`evmx cyi“l‡`i †P‡q Avw`evmx bvix‡`i Ae¯’v A‡bK †ekx cÖvwš—K|
mgZ‡ji Avw`evmx‡`i †fZi gvw›`, Lvwmqv I †jOvg †h gvZ…m~Îxq mgvR ¸‡jv‡Z f~wgi Dci bvixi †ek
D‡j−L‡hvM¨ f~wgKv i‡q‡Q †mme mgv‡RI bvixiv µgvš^qB f~wgnx‡b cwiYZ n‡Z eva¨ n‡”Qb| GQvov Acivci
wcZ…m~Îxq Avw`evmx mgvR ¸‡jv‡Z f~wg‡Z bvixi gvwjKvbvi AwaKvi †Zgb bv _vK‡jI bvixi mvwe©K m¤úK© f~wg‡K
wN‡iB| †`Lv hvq f~wgmgm¨vi †‡Î mgZ‡ji ewÂZ Avw`evmx bvixiv µgvš^‡qB cÖvwš—K †_‡K Av‡iv cÖvwš—KZvi
chv©‡q P‡j †h‡Z eva¨ n‡”Qb| wbR¯^ RxweKv †_‡K DØv¯‘ Avw`evmx bvixi Mš—e¨ n‡q `vuov‡”Q w`bgRyix Ges A‡Pbv
kni| Avw`evmx GjvKv‡ZI bvixiv wbivc‡` †bB, ewnivMZ evOvwj‡`i Øviv Avw`evmx bvixi Dci al©Y-nZ¨vmn
bvbvb wbcxob Pj‡QB Ges Gi cÖwZwUi mv‡_ hy³ i‡q‡Q Avw`evmx cwieviwUi f~wg‡K †e`Lj Kivi gZje|
Avw`evmx bvixi wbivcËv cÖm‡½ wÎcyiv (2003) Rvwb‡q‡Qb, f~wg ev m¤ú‡`i AwaKvi †Kv‡bvfv‡eB Avw`evmx bvixi
66 cv_©, cv‡fj| ÔKqjv Dcwb‡e‡ki wei“‡× ûj M‡R© DVyK Avevi| ˆ`wbK msev`, XvKv, evsjv‡`k, 4 RyjvB 2006
67 PvKgv, g½j Kzgvi| 2005, cve©Z¨ PÆMÖvg mgm¨v : kvmK‡Mvôxi bxwZ I bvMwiK mgv‡Ri f~wgKv| GB cÖeÜwU evsjv‡`k Avw`evmx †dvivg, XvKv
KZ©„K cÖKvwkZ 9 AvM÷ 2005 mv‡ji Avš—RvwZ©K Avw`evmx w`e‡mi cÖKvkbv ÔmsnwZÕ bv‡gi ¯§iwYKv †_‡K †bqv n‡q‡Q| c„. 18-26
16

†Kv‡bv wbivcËv wbwðZ nqwb 68 | nvwjg (2007) Rvwb‡q‡Qb, Avw`evmx bvixi cÖvwš—K cwiw¯’wZ Avš—©RvwZK kªg
ms¯’vi Kb‡fbkb mg~‡ni kZ©‡K evievi jsNb Ki‡Q 69 | `vwis (2006) Rvwb‡q‡Qb, f~wg AwaKvi nvi‡q Avw`evmx
gvw›` bvixiv mgv‡R Av‡iv †ekx cÖvwš—K n‡q co‡Qb hv KL‡bvB Kvg¨ wQj bv 70 | cve©Z¨ PÆMÖv‡gi Avw`evmx
bvix‡`i cÖwZ g‡bv‡hvM †i‡L nvwjg (2003) Rvwb‡q‡Qb, Avw`evmx bvixiv GK ˆelg¨g~jK cwiw¯’wZ †gvKv‡ejv
Ki‡Z eva¨ n‡”Q, †hLv‡b mvwe©K wbivcËv wewNœZ n‡”Q evievi 71 | dvwiev (2005) gaycy‡ii gvw›` bvixi f~wgnxbZv
Ges Gi Pjgvb cwiw¯’wZ‡K e¨vL¨v K‡i e‡j‡Qb, f~wgi AwaKvi nvwi‡q wecyj msL¨K gvw›` bvix‡`i kn‡i
Awfevmb NU‡Q 72 | K…wl †_‡K DØv¯‘ Gme gvw›` bvixi †kl wVKvbv n‡”Q XvKv kn‡ii weDwU cvjv©i, wVK †hgb
K…wlRxeb †_‡K DØv¯‘ evOvwj bvixi Awbevh© Avkªq n‡q `vuwo‡q‡Q K‡cv©‡iU Mv‡g©›Um| UzKz (2005) Avw`evmx bvixi
f~-m¤ú‡`i jovB‡K ¸i“Z¡ w`‡q e‡jb, 1946 mvj †_‡K f~-m¤ú‡`i Dci AwaKvi cÖwZôvi Av‡›`vj‡b †`kfv‡Mi
ci †_‡K †h bvixiv †bZ…Z¡ w`‡qwQ‡jb Zv‡`i g‡a¨ Ab¨Zg Mv‡iv cvnv‡oi cv`‡`‡k †b·KvYvi UsK Av‡›`vj‡bi
†bÎx ivwkgwb nvRs Ges †ZfvMv Av‡›`vj‡bi †bÎx Bjv wgÎ Avi ¯^vwaKvi Av‡›`vj‡b Avgv‡`i Ry¤§ bvixiv|
ivRbxwZ‡Z bvixi cÖwZwbwaZ¡ bv evov‡j Ges mKj ¯—‡i gZv I wm×vš—MÖnY cÖwµqvq bvixi cwic~Y© AskMÖnY Qvov
bvixi f~wg AwaKvi cÖwZôv Kiv m¤¢e bq| Kíbv PvKgv †mUv Dcjwä K‡iwQ‡jb e‡j ivRbxwZ‡Z hy³ n‡qwQ‡jb,
wKš‘ ‡mbvevwnbx KZ…©K Zv‡K AcniY Kiv n‡q‡Q hvi †Kv‡bv wePvi Av‡Rv nqwb 73 | Avgiv G chv©‡q †`‡ki mgZj
A‡ji wKQy D‡j−L‡hvM¨ Avw`evmx f~wg we‡iva I f~wg Av‡›`vj‡bi mswß cÖm½ Uvb‡ev|
Avj‡d«W m‡i‡bi f~wg ivi Av‡›`vjb
bIMvui gnv‡`cy‡ii fxgcyi MÖv‡gi GK cÖwZev`x mvuIZvj †bZv Avj‡d«W m‡ib| Avj‡d«W m‡i‡bi wcZv Mvqbv
m‡ib Ges gv VvKziivbx nvum`v| GjvKvi ¯’vbxq f~wgMÖvmx nv‡Zg Avjx I M`vB j¯‹i Gi `j fxgcyi mvuIZvj MÖvg
†_‡K `wi`ª mvuIZvj‡`i D‡”Q` Kivi bvbvb AZ¨vPvi Pvjvq| Gi cÖwZev‡` mvuIZvj‡`i HK¨e× K‡i Av‡›`vj‡b
bv‡gb Avj‡d«W m‡ib| 2000 mv‡ji 18 AvM÷ M`vB j¯‹i I nv‡Zg Avjx‡`i mk¯¿ `j Avµgb K‡i fxgcyi|
evOvwj‡`i D‡”Q` Avµgb †VKv‡Z Avj‡d«W m‡ib mvIuZvj‡`i wb‡q i“‡L `vuovb| AvµgbKvix‡`i AvNv‡Z 32
eQi eq‡m wbnZ nb RvZxq Avw`evmx cwil‡`i fxgcyi BDwbqb kvLvi mfvcwZ Avj‡d«W m‡ib| Avj‡d«W m‡ib
nZ¨vi †fZi w`‡qB cve©Z¨ PÆMÖvg GjvKv ev‡` we‡klZ: DËie‡½i e‡i›`ª GjvKvi Avw`evmx‡`i f~wg AwaKv‡ii
welqwU †`ke¨vcx GKwU ¸i“‡Z¡i RvqMv‡Z Av‡jvPbvq Av‡m|
i‡³ ivOv Kzk`n
2008 mv‡j evsjv‡`‡ki w`bvRcy‡ii beveMÄ Dc‡Rjvi 9 bs Kzk`n BDwbq‡bi Lvwjdcyi(wSgvjx) MÖv‡gi miKvi
UzWy (59) Ges RvZfevbxcyi-cvUzc&cvov MÖv‡gi †mvg nvum`v(56) GB `yBRb wbixn mvuIZvj K…lK‡K nZ¨v K‡i
¯’vbxq cÖfvekvjx evOvwjiv Lv‡ji cvwb‡Z jvk Wywe‡q †i‡LwQj| cvwb‡Z †Wvev cPv jvk †f‡m DVvi ci hLb
RvZxq Avw`evmx cwil` welqwU hLb welqwU mevi bR‡i Av‡bb ZLbI GB AwacwZ ivóª‡K ej‡Z †kvbv †Mj, ....
68 wÎcyiv, cÖkvš—| evsjv‡`‡ki Avw`evmx bvix‡`i wbivcËv cÖm‡½| evsjv‡`k Avw`evmx †dvivg KZ…©K cÖKvwkZ 2003 mv‡ji Avš—RvwZ©K Avw`evmx
w`e‡mi cÖKvkbv msnwZ 2003 †_‡K †bqv n‡q‡Q| XvKv, 2003, c„. 27-38
69 Halim,Sadeka. Situation of Indigenous Women and ILO convention on Discrimination. evsjv‡`k Avw`evmx †dvivg KZ…©K
cÖKvwkZ 2007 mv‡ji Avš—RvwZ©K Avw`evmx w`e‡mi cÖKvkbv msnwZ 2007 †_‡K †bqv n‡q‡Q| XvKv, 2007, c„. 109-124
70 `vwis, wÎcjx| mgv‡R gvw›` gwnjv‡`i AskMÖnY| IqvbMvjv 2006 D`hvcb KwgwU, XvKv †_‡K cÖKvwkZ ÔXvKv IqvbMvjv 2006Õ kxl©K ¯§iwYKv
†_‡K †bqv n‡q‡Q| XvKv, c„. 29-30
71 Halim,Sadeka. Insecurity of Indigenous women : a case study from Chittagong Hill tracts. evsjv‡`k Avw`evmx †dvivg KZ…©K
cÖKvwkZ 2003 mv‡ji Avš—RvwZ©K Avw`evmx w`e‡mi cÖKvkbv msnwZ 2003 †_‡K †bqv n‡q‡Q| XvKv, 2003, c„. 95-105
72 Alamgir, Fariba. 2005, Towards the city : migration and continuti among the Mandis in Dhaka, M.S dissertation,
Department of Anthropology, Dhaka
73 ZvjyK`vi, UzKz| 2005| Avw`evmx bvixi f~wg AwaKvi, Kíbv PvKgvi Acni‡Yi 8g cÖwZev` w`em ¯§i‡Y Bw_Kv PvKgv m¤úvw`Z ¯§iwYKv ÔKíbv
¯§i‡YÕ, wnj DB‡gÝ †dWv‡ikb, ivOvgvwU, c„.8-13
17

g` nvwoqv †L‡q Uvj mvgjv‡Z bv †c‡i iv‡Zi AÜKv‡i cvwb‡Z Wy‡e g‡i‡Q...| AwacwZ KvVv‡gvi GB e³e¨
Avgv‡`i Kv‡Q bZzb †Kv‡bv wKQy bq, Kvib cÖvq cvuPkZ eQi a‡i Zv Avgiv ï‡b AvmwQ| nZ¨vi KvibI †mB GKB,
Avw`evmx mvuIZvj‡`i Rb¥gvwU `Lj K‡i mvuIZvj‡`i‡K f~wgDØv¯‘ Kiv| Rvbv hvq w`bvRcy‡ii beveMÄ Dc‡Rjvi
iwngvcyi MÖv‡gi Aveyj †nv‡mb, bRi“j wgqv †g¤^vi, KPzqv MÖv‡gi †gv. †m‡Kj wgqv Ges gvi‰mwbK MÖv‡gi GKivgyj
nK `xN©w`b †_‡KB ¯’vbxq Avw`evmx‡`i K…wlRwg Ges emZf~wg Rei`Lj Kivi Rb¨ ejcÖ‡qvM K‡i Avm‡Q|
miKvi UzWy‡`i 19 GKi 4 kZK wbR¯^ Rwg †Rvic~e©K `L‡ji cÖwµqv wn‡m‡eB miKvi UzWy Ges †mvg nvum`v‡K
nZ¨v K‡i‡Q 2008 m‡bi Ryb gv‡m cÖfvekvjx evOvwjiv| Avi GB nZ¨vKv‡Ûi †fZi w`‡q no gv‡b mvuIZvj Ges
w`Ky gv‡b cÖfvekvjx †kvlK ( ¯’vbxqfv‡e evOvwjivB w`Kz wn‡m‡e eZ©gv‡b wPwýZ n‡q‡Qb) †fZi f~wg‡Kw›`ªK
f~wgwe‡ivawU Avev‡iv Avgv‡`i mvg‡b cÖejfv‡e cÖKvwkZ nj|
f~wg AwaKvi Av‡›`vj‡bi jovKz knx` Mxw`Zv †igv
Uv½vB‡ji gaycyi Dc‡Rjvi GKKv‡ji kvjeb GjvKvi GK Avw`evmx MÖvg gvMwš—bMi| GB MÖv‡gB 1971 Gi
ciciB GK gvw›` K…lK cwiev‡i Rb¥ †bb Mxw`Zv †igv| Mxw`Zvi gv‡qi bvg `xcvwj †igv, evev M‡bk
wiwQj(cvMjv)| gaycyi †_‡K cuwPkgvBj †b‡g ev †UjwK †_‡K †fZ‡i gvMbwZbMi Mxw`Zv‡`i MÖv‡g GLb ewnivMZ
evOvwjiB msL¨vB †ekx Avi kvje‡bi †Kv‡bv esk bvB| GLb GB MÖv‡g Avbvim evMv‡bi GjvKvI K‡g Kjvi
evMv‡b cwiYZ n‡q‡Q| gvZ„m~Îxq gvw›` mgv‡R wbR¯^ Ryg-Rwgb fvM ev‡Uvqvivi †‡Î, m¤úwËi DËivwaKv‡ii
†‡Î, cwiev‡i †g‡q‡`i, we‡klZ †QvU †g‡q‡`i cÖavb¨ †`qv nq| †mB ixwZ‡Z Mxw`Zv‡`i Rwg‡bi A‡bKUvB cvq
Mxw`Zvi †QvU †evb bgªZv †igv| Avi GB Rwgi †jv‡fB GjvKvi GKKv‡ji ewnivMZ eZ©gv‡bi evOvwj gwdR Ms
bgªZv †igv‡K Acnib K‡i †Rvi K‡i we‡q K‡i I ag©vš—wiZ K‡i| wKš‘ GKgvm †h‡Z bv †h‡ZB bgªZv gwd‡Ri
Kej †_‡K cvwj‡q gvMwš—bMi Zv‡`i evwo‡Z P‡j Av‡m| gwd‡Ri f‡q bgªZv‡K Ab¨ RvqMvq jywK‡q ivLv nh|
gwdR evOvwj e¨vUvwMwi djv‡Z 2001 Gi 20 gvP© mk¯¿ nvgjv K‡i Mxw`Zv‡`i evwo| bgªZv‡K bv †c‡q Mxw`Zvi
†QvU †evb BZvwjb †igv‡K †Rvi K‡i Acnib Ki‡Z PvB‡j, Mxw`Zv evuav †`q| aviv‡jv A¯¿ wb‡q gwdR Ms
Mxw`Zvi Dci Suvwc‡q c‡o| Lyb nq Mxw`Zv| gwdR Ms cvjvq| 20 gvP© 2001 Zvwi‡L Lyb nIqvi ci gaycyi
GjvKvi evB‡ii gvbyl wn‡m‡e mÄxe `ªs mvsevw`K mn 25 gvP© Mxw`Zv‡`i MÖv‡g hvb| Mxw`Zvi †evb KweZv †igv
ev`x n‡q gaycyi _vbvq Lybx‡`i bvg D‡j−L K‡i gvgjv K‡i| ZviciI †Zv K‡Zv Lei Avi Avi K‡Zv cÖwZev`|
wKš‘ wKQy nqwb| Avmvgxiv †KD †KD †MÖßvi n‡jI UvKv w`‡q Qvov †c‡q‡Q, gaycyi GjvKvh GLbI Zviv eyK
UvwU‡q Ny‡o †eovq|
‰PjZvQov cywÄi bvMwiK AwaKvi
gvZ…m~Îxq Lvwmqv‡`i me‡P eo cywÄ(MÖvg) I cvbRyg ¸‡jvB †gŠjfxevRvi †Rjv‡Z Aew¯’Z| †gŠjfxevRvi †Rjvi
kªxg½j Dc‡Rjvi 4 bs wm›`yiLvb BDwbq‡bi ˆPjZvQov Lvwmqv cywÄ( †R Gj bs-105, LwZqvb bs-1, `vM bs-54,
55) Zvi †fZi GKwU| †gvU 220 GKi 86 kZK RvqMvq emevmKvix 39 cwiev‡ii mevB Lvwmqv| miKvix Lvm
wWwm LwZqv‡bi Aš—©f~³ 220 GKi 86 kZK f~wg 1982 mv‡j wm‡j‡Ui ZrKvjxb †RjvcÖkvmK †gv. d‡qRDj−vn
Lvwmqv‡`i 37wU cwiev‡ii Rb¨ GKmbv e‡›`ve¯—x K‡i †`b| Lvwmqviv ivóªxq AvBbx welq¸‡jv cwiPvjbvi Rb¨
memgqB †Kv‡bv bv †Kv‡bv evOvwj‡`i Avkªq wb‡q‡Qb Ges †Kv‡bv cÖfvekvjx evOvwj ev †Kv‡bv ivR‰bwZK `‡ji
mvnvh¨ ‡bb| G †hb iv‡óª wbgœe‡M©i gvby‡li gZvKvVv‡gvq Ae¯’vb bv Kivi Rb¨ GKai‡bi kvw¯— GKai‡bi
wbqwZ| f~wg welqK bvbvb AvBbMZ dvqmvjvi Kv‡R ˆPjZvQov LvwmqvcywÄi gš¿x(cywÄcÖavb) myB Lvwmqv wb‡qvM
†`b kªxg½‡ji kªx wm‡Zk iÄb †`e‡K(whwb †`‡k GKRb eb¨cÖvYx msiK wn‡m‡e cwiwPZ) Ges Zvui Kv‡Ri
cvwikªwgK eve` Zv‡K ˆPjZvQov cywÄi 50 GKi f~wg Dcnvi †`qv nq| 6/9/1987 mv‡j mx‡Zk iÄb †`e GB
50 GKi f~wg 2,50,000 UvKvi wewbg‡q wm‡jU †Rjvi ¸qvBbNvU Dc‡Rjvi eojvB cywÄi DBwjqvg Zs‡cqv‡ii
Kv‡Q wewµ K‡i †`b| DBwjqvg Zs‡cqvi wQ‡jb GB cywÄi Rb¨ GKRb ewnivMZ gvbyl Ges wZwb ˆPjZvQov
LvwmqvcywÄi mKj f~wg †fvM `Lj Kivi cÖwµqv ïi“ K‡ib Ges ˆPjZvQovi 50 GKi f~wg evOvwj‡`i Kv‡Q
wewµi †Póv K‡ib| A‡bvb¨cvq Lvwmqviv kªxg½j Dc‡Rjvi 6bs wm›`yiLvb BDwbq‡bi cÖ`xc KsIqvs‡K GB Rwg
18

wKb‡Z Aby‡iva K‡ib Ges cieZx©‡Z wZwb DBwjqvg Zs‡cqv‡ii KvQ †_‡K 50 GKi f~wg 2,60,000 UvKv w`‡q
wK‡b †bb| myzB Lvwmqv gš¿xPz¨Z nb Ges 1990 mb †_‡K ˆPjZvQovi bZzb gš¿x wn‡m‡e wb‡qvM cvb Rwnbyj
KsIqvs| 1988 mv‡j gviwnjmb Zs‡cqvi f’wg †_‡K D‡”Q‡`i wg_¨v KviY †`wL‡q myzB Lvwmqv, Rwnbyj KsIqvs
Ges miKv‡ii bv‡g GKwU †`Iqvbx gvgjv K‡ib(gvgjv bs 64 bs 88)| myB Lvwmqv gviwnjm‡bi gvgjvwU‡K
wg_¨v e‡j Awf‡hvM K‡ib Ges GwU AvBbZ evwZj n‡q hvq| GLvb †_‡KB ˆPjZvQov LvwmqvcywÄi f~wg wb‡q ïi“
nq gvgjv †gvKÏgv Avi ÔAvBbxÕ †nb¯’v| 10/11/1990 mv‡j mzB Lvwmqv Avevi Rwnbyj KsIqvs I miKv‡ii
wei“‡× GKwU †`Iqvbx gvgjv K‡ib(gvgjv bs-69, 90 bs)| GB gvgjvq Av‡iv ev`x wQ‡jb I‡qj Lvwmqv| GB
gvgjvi gva¨‡gB iv‡óªi AvBbMZ KvVv‡gv‡Z Lvwmqv‡`i ÔAciÕ K‡i ivLvi AwacwZkxj ejcÖ‡qvM¸‡jv AviI ¯úó
n‡q D‡V| †h myzB Zs‡cqvi Gi bv‡g gviwnjmb Lvwmqv gvgjv K‡iwQ‡jb Zv‡K A‰eafv‡e D‡”Q‡`i Rb¨, †mB myB
LvwmqvB GB gvgjvi bw_i Pvi bs e³‡e¨ GB RvqMv gviwnjmb Zs‡cqv‡ii e‡j ¯^xKvi K‡ib| Gi †cÖw‡Z
Rwnbyj KsIqvs cy‡iv welqwU‡K wbi‡c Z`‡š—i Rb¨ evsjv‡`k mwPevj‡q Av‡e`b K‡ib Ges Z`‡š—i ciciB
1000 UvKv Rwigvbv w`‡q weev`xiv GB gvgjv Zz‡j †bb| 1995 mv‡ji cqjv gvP© I‡qj Lvwmqv ˆPjZvQovi gš¿x
Rwnbyj KsIqvs‡qi bv‡g f~wg A‰ea `L‡ji gvgjv K‡ib (†gvKÏgv bs-15)| mwPevjq †_‡K wm×vš— Abyhvqx †`Lv
hvq Rwnbyj KsIqvsmn 37 cwievi ˆPjZvQov LvwmqvcywÄi AvBbZ ˆea `Lj`vi Ges GB gvgjvwU LvwiR n‡q
hvq| f~wg gš¿Yvj‡qi GKwU cÖwZ‡e`b †_‡K Rvbv hvq, 11/4/1990 mv‡j ˆPjZvQov LvwmqvcywÄi 39wU Lvwmqv
cwievi 195.00 GKi GjvKvi f~wgi e‡›`ve¯Í †c‡q‡Qb(m~Î: ¯§viK bs f~g/kv/8/LvRe/98/89/309 ZvwiL-
11/4/90)| cvkvcvwk 10/1/1990 Ges 17/1/1990 mv‡j m‡iRwgb Z`š— K‡i †gŠjfxevRvi AwZwi³ †Rjv
cÖkvmK 7/2/1990 mv‡j GKwU Z`š— cÖwZ‡e`b cÖKvk K‡ib| D³ cÖwZ‡e`‡b D‡j−L Kiv nq, ˆPjZvQov †gŠRvq
54 bs I 55 bs `v‡Mi 102.00 GKi Ges 549.50 GKi wUjv Rwgi g‡a¨ †gvU 220.86 GKi Rwg Rwnbyj
Lvwmqvmn Ab¨vb¨ 39wU Lvwmqv cwiev‡ii AbyK’‡j GKmbv e‡›`ve¯— cÖ`vb Kiv nq I 1393 evsjv mb ch©š— bevqb
c~e©K LvRbv cwi‡kva Kiv nq( m~Î: ¯§viK bs-f~g/kv-8/LvRe/136/88/658, ZvwiL-26/11/1989)| 1994
mv‡j myB Lvwmqv †gŠjfxevRv‡ii cywjkmycvi eivei ˆPjZvQov Lvwmqv cywÄi 39wU cwievi‡K †eAvBbxfv‡e D‡”Q`
Kiv n‡q‡Q e‡j Awf‡hvM Av‡bb(m~Î: cywjk †nW‡KvqvU©vi, ¯§viK bs-Aciva/4124, Zvs-21/12/94| A_P cywjk
mycv‡ii cÖwZ‡e`‡b ejv nq, myB Lvwmqv Rqjx Lvwmqvi Kv‡Q Zvi ˆPjZvQov cywÄi RvqMv wewµ K‡i WejQov
cywćZ P‡j hvb| ˆPjZvQov Lvwmqv cywÄi f~wg welqK RwUjZvi Rb¨ GW‡fv‡KU Kwgkb GKwU Z`š— K‡ib Ges
19/5/1995 mv‡j †gŠjfxevRvi †Rjvi GW‡fv‡KU Kwgkbvi Ave`yj gybxg †PŠayix kªxg½‡ji mnKvix RR
Av`vj‡Z m‡iRwgb cwi`k©b cÖwZ‡e`b cÖKvk K‡ib| D³ cÖwZ‡e`‡b ejv nq, ˆPjZvQov Lvwmqv cywÄi 39wU
Lvwmqv cwiev‡ii †nWg¨vb Rwnbyj Lvwmqv Ges Zvi †bZ…‡Z¡ 39wU Lvwmqv cwievi cwiPvwjZ n‡”Q| 1996 mv‡ji
14 †m‡Þ¤^i N‡U me‡P me©bvkv NUbvwU| Hw`b myB Lvwmqv ˆPjZvQov cywÄi mgMÖ f~wg e‡›`ve¯—x `L‡ji Rb¨
ewnivMZ evOvwj Rbve †nv‡mb gvngy` Ave`yjvn‡K ¯^xK…wZ w`‡q †`b| †gŠjfxevRv‡ii †iwfwbD †WcywU Kv‡j±i
Rbve †gvnv¤§` bvwRgDwÏb †gŠjfxevRvi †Rjv cÖkvmK eivei ˆPjZvQov cywÄi 39wU Lvwmqv cwiev‡ii g‡a¨ 195
GKi f~wg ¯’vqx fv‡e e‡›`ve¯—xi Rb¨ cÖwZ‡e`b †ck K‡ib| D³ cÖwZ‡e`‡b ejv nq, f~wg gš¿Yvj‡qi †U‡jKvevZ©v
bs-266/1 ZvwiL 2/5/95 G c‡ivfv‡e ¯^xKvi Kiv n‡q‡Q ˆPjZvQov LvwmqvcywÄi RvqMv Lvwmqv‡`i| wKš‘
GZm‡ei ciI ˆPjZvQov Lvwmqv cywÄi evwm›`iv Rv‡bb bv wb‡R‡`i f~wg AwaKvi wbwðZ _vK‡e wKbv| ˆPjZvQov
cvb cywÄi f~wg mgm¨vi ¯’vqx mgvav‡bi Rb¨ cywÄi gš¿x Rwnbyj KsIqvs 2002 m‡b Avev‡iv cybivq f~wg gš¿Yvj‡q
`iLv¯— K‡ib(m~Î: bw_ bs-kv-8/LvRe/136/88(Ask))| Avgiv GZY evsjv‡`‡ki GKwUgvÎ LvwmqvcywÄi f~wg
welqK RwUjZvi K_v Rvbjvg, GwU mKj cywćZB Av‡Q, Ges Ab¨vb¨ cywćZ Gi mv‡_ RwoZ n‡q‡Q Avš—RvwZ©K
ch©Ub evwYR¨ I bvbvb eûRvwZK K‡cv©‡iU ¯^v_©| gvZ…m~Îxq Lvwmqv mgv‡R cwiev‡ii bvixivB m¤úwËi DËivwaKvi
n‡q _v‡Kb, hw`I AvRKvj cY¨ wek¦vq‡bi GB evOvwj iv‡óª GwU e`‡j wM‡q m¤úwËi DËivwaKvi cÖ‡kœ wcZ…m~Îxq
e¨e¯’v cÖ‡ek K‡i‡Q| evsjv‡`‡k LvwmqvivB GKgvÎ Rb‡Mvôx hviv avb Avev` K‡ib bv, g~jZ: cvb I Ab¨vb¨
dmjvw` Ry‡gi gva¨‡gB Rxeb wbev©n nq Lvwmqv‡`i| Avi Gi Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRb cvnvwo eb wUjv f~wg| ebwefvM,
B‡KvcvK© cÖKí, M¨vm‡Kv¤úvwbi Lbb, PvevMvb, ewnivMZ evOvwj‡`i AZ¨vPvi †hgb Lvwmqv f~wg mgm¨vi mv‡_
RwoZ cvkvcvwk Lvwmqv‡`i †fZi Avš—:we‡iva ¸‡jvI m¤úwK©Z| myB Lvwmqvi g„Zz¨i ci 2007 Gi GwcÖj gv‡m
ZviB mš—vb ev‡j©U Lvwmqv 5cwievi Lvwmqv cÖwZwbwamn kªxg½j †cÖm K¬v‡e GK msev` m‡¤§jb K‡i `vex K‡ib
ˆPjZvQov cywÄi eZ©gvb gš¿x Rwnbyj KsIqvs wm‡j‡Ui bKwmqvi cywÄ †_‡K G‡m ˆPjZvQovi 39 cwievi‡K
19

weZvwoZ K‡i A‰ea †fvM`Lj Ki‡Qb Ges Lvwmqv‡`i D‡”Q` K‡i‡Qb(m~Î: mvßvwnK Pv‡qi †`k, 8GwcÖj 2007,
kªxg½j, †gŠjfxevRvi)| †h ˆPjZvQov cywÄi K_v Avgiv Zz‡jwQ Zvi 39wU cwiev‡ii gvby‡liv GLbI Av‡Qb,
Zv‡`i GLbI AvksKv I D‡”Q‡`i fq| KviY Lvwmqviv †Pv‡Li mvg‡b ˆeivMx cywÄ, kxZjv cywÄ, †Rv‡jLv cywÄ,
bvmv©ix cywÄ, dzjZjv cywÄ `Lj n‡q †h‡Z †`‡L‡Qb| ewnivMZ evOvwj I ebwefv‡Mi `Lj †_‡K dzjZjv cywćZ
iv Ki‡Z knx` n‡q‡Qb PvevMvb kªwgK Awebvk gyov| 1950 m‡bi ivóªxq AwaMÖnY I cÖRv¯^Ë¡ AvB‡bi 97(1)
avivq †h 22wU Avw`evmx Rb‡Mvôxi K_v D‡j−L Kiv n‡q‡Q †mLv‡b Lvwmqv‡`i bvg †bB| iv‡óªi f~wgbxwZ ev f~wg
msµvš— AvBb †Kv‡bvUvB Lvwmqv‡`i Avcb em‡Z Lvwmqv‡`i wbiƒc`ªe emev‡mi wbðqZv †`q bv|
Avw`evmx f~wg AwaKvi : RvZxq I Avš—Rv©wZK AvBb I bxwZ cÖm½
K…ZÁ †h Avwg H wbqwZi Kv‡Q,
Zzwg B‡”Q K‡iwQ‡j ZvB GB Avmvi,
A_v©r wkK‡o †div-
kÖ“ZKxwZ© c~e©cyi“‡liv
eskMwZ-ci¤úiv nvwi‡q †d‡j †h
Avj‡m¨ Nywg‡q wQ‡jv|
Ae‡k‡l Ac`v_© Aat¯—bB AvR
wew”Qbœ m~ÎwU †Rvov jvMvevi Kv‡R
GLv‡b G‡m‡Q...
AvÕwPK †`eZv‡kªô
ZvZviviveyMv B‡”Q K‡iwQ‡jv, ZvB
iwdK gvivK c~e©cyi“‡li †`‡k
Avwmqv‡Q wd‡i 74 ||
(†kK‡o †div, iwdK AvRv`)
RvZxq f~wg, cwi‡ek, cvwb, cÖvY‰ewPΨ welqK †ek wKQy RvZxq AvBb I Lmov AvB‡b Avw`evmx AwaKv‡ii
cÖm½mg~n BwZevPK fv‡eB D‡j−L Kiv n‡q‡Q| wKš‘ we`¨gvb AvBb mg~‡ni †Zgb †Kv‡bv cÖ‡qvM ¯’vbxq GjvKvq
†`Lv hvq bv| G‡‡Î ¯’vbxq miKvix KZ…©c Ges AvBbx KZ©„c‡i AeÁv-Ae‡njv Ges mKj AvBb m¤ú‡K©
Dc‡hvMx I m‡ev©cwi aviYv bv _vKv‡KB AwaKvskiv `vqx K‡ib| 1793 m‡b The Bengal permanent
settlement regulation 1793 bv‡g f~wg welqK AvBb ˆZix nq| cieZx©‡Z 1793 †_‡K 2004 ch©š— f~wg
welqK cÖvq 179wU AvBb I bxwZgvjv ˆZix n‡q‡Q 75 | f~wg‡K †K›`ª K‡i GKwU Mixe †`‡k 179wU AvBb _vKv
†`‡ki f~wg mgm¨vi cÖKUZv‡KB nvwRi K‡i| AvR‡Ki Avjv‡c Avgiv cÖ_‡g Avw`evmx f~wg m¤úwK©Z †ek wKQy
RvZxq AvB‡bi cÖm½ Uvb‡ev Ges cieZx©‡Z wKQy Avš—©RvwZK mb` I AvB‡bi cÖm½ D‡j−L Ki‡ev| mgZ‡ji
Avw`evmx Aay¨wlZ AÂj¸‡jvi g‡a¨ e„nËi w`bvRcyi Ges e„nËi gqgbwms‡ni kªxe`x, bvwjZvevwo, nvjyqvNvU,
`~Mv©cyi, KjgvKv›`v wb‡q 1935 m‡b fviZ kvmb AvB‡b ÔPartially excluded area’ wn‡m‡e wPwýZ Kiv
n‡qwQj| hw`I cieZx©‡Z D³ GjvKv‡K cvwK¯—vb miKvi cve©Z¨ PÆMÖv‡gi b¨vq ÔDcRvZxq AÂjÕ wn‡m‡e Aš—©f~³
74 KweZvwU IqvbMvjv 2006 D`hvcb KwgwU KZ…©K cÖKvwkZ we‡kl ¯§iwYKv ÔIqvbMvjv 2006Õ †_‡K †bqv n‡q‡Q| GwU m¤úv`bv K‡i‡Qb eveyj wW
bK‡iK, 2006, XvKv, c„. 47
75 fyTªv, †gv. nvwdRyi ingvb| 2003, hyM ci¤úivq evsjvi f~wg AvBb I f~wg e¨e¯’v : cvwK¯’vb I evsjv‡`k Avgj, KvwbR dvwZgv I †gv. nvwdRyi
ingvb f~Tv †hŠ_fv‡e eBwU cÖKvk K‡i‡Qb, PÆMÖvg, c„..509-516
20

K‡iwb 76 | †KejgvÎ cve©Z¨ PÆMÖvg kvmbwewa 1900 Abyhvqx cve©Z¨ PÆMÖvg Ôwe‡kl DcRvZxq GjvKvÕ wn‡m‡e
we‡ewPZ n‡q‡Q|
1972 mv‡j evsjv‡`‡ki mvsm` wn‡m‡e gvb‡e›`ª bvivqY jvigv ev Gg Gb jvigv cve©Z¨ PÆMÖv‡gi Ry¤§ RbM‡Yi
c‡ evsjv‡`‡ki ZrKvjxb cÖavbgš¿x †kL gywReyi ingv‡bi Kv‡Q †ckK…Z ¯§viKwjwc‡Z wb‡gœv³ Pvi`dv `vexmg~n
Zz‡j a‡iwQ‡jb 77 :
1. cve©Z¨ PÆMÖvg GKwU ¯^vqZ¡kvwmZ AÂj n‡e Ges Gi GKwU wbR¯^ AvBb cwil` _vK‡e|
2. DcRvZxq RbM‡Yi AvwaKvi msi‡Yi Rb¨ 1900 mv‡ji cve©Z¨ PÆMÖvg kvmbwewai b¨vq Abyiƒc mswewa
e¨e¯’v kvmbZ‡š¿ _vK‡e|
3. DcRvZxq ivRv‡`i `ßi msiY Ki‡Z n‡e|
4. cve©Z¨ PÆMÖv‡gi RbM‡Yi gZvgZ hvPvB Qvov G A‡ji welq wb‡q †Kvb kvmbZvwš¿K ms‡kvabx ev
cwieZ©b †hb bv nq GBiƒc mswewa e¨e¯’v kvmbZ‡š¿ _vK‡e|
cve©Z¨ †Rjv ¯’vbxq miKvi cwil` AvBb 1989 Gi 64 avivq f~wg n¯—vš—‡i evav-wb‡la wel‡q ejv n‡q‡Q,
AvcvZZ: ejer Ab¨ †Kvb AvB‡b hvnv wKQzB _vKzK bv †Kb, iv½vgvwU cve©Z¨ †Rjvi GjvKvaxb †Kvb RvqMv-Rwg
cwil‡`i c~ev©by‡gv`b e¨wZ‡i‡K e‡›`ve¯— †`Iqv hvB‡e bv, eis Abyiƒc Aby‡gv`b e¨wZ‡i‡K D³iƒc †Kvb RvqMv-
Rwg D³ †Rjvi evwm›`v b‡nb GBiƒc e¨w³i wbKU n¯—vš—i Kiv hvB‡e bv| Z‡e kZ© _v‡K †h, msiwK&_Z I iwZ
ebvÂj, KvßvB we`y¨r cÖKí GjvKv, †eZeywbqv f~-DcMÖn GjvKv, ivóªxq wkí-KviLvbv GjvKv, miKvi ev Rb¯^v‡_©i
cÖ‡qvR‡b n¯—vš—wiZ ev e‡›`ve¯—K…Z RvqMv-Rwg Ges ivóªxq ¯^v‡_© cÖ‡qvRb nB‡Z cv‡i GBiƒc †Kvb RvqMv-Rwg ev
e‡bi †‡Î GB weavb cÖ‡hvR¨ nB‡e bv|Õ
Avw`evmx‡`i f~wg n¯—vš—i wel‡q †Rjv cÖkvmb GK ¸i“Z¡c~Y© cÖwZôvb| ivóªcwZi 1972 m‡bi Av‡`k Øviv ivóªxq
AwaMÖnY I cÖRv¯^Ë¡ AvB‡bi 88 aviv ms‡kvabµ‡g D³ AvB‡bi 20 avivi (2) Dcavivq ewY©Z weavb Abyhvqx Pv
evMv‡bi `L‡j ivLv Lvm Rwg †Rjvi †WcywU Kwgkbv‡ii c~ev©bygwZ wfbœ n¯—vš—i Kiv hv‡e bv 78 | cve©Z¨ PÆMÖvg
kvmb wewagvjvi 41 bs Aby‡”Q‡` ÔRygPvl wbqš¿Y wewa‡ZÕ ejv n‡q‡Q, †Rjv cÖkvmK cve©Z¨ PÆMÖvg †Rjvq RygPvl
wbqš¿Y I cÖYvjxe× Kivi Rb¨ Zvi we‡ePbvq cÖ‡qvRb g‡g© AbygwZ Av‡`k Rvix I Dnv Kvh©Ki Kivi gZv
msiY K‡ib| chv©ß KviY _vK‡j wZwb †Kvb GjvKvq RygPvl eÜ ivLvi A_ev Ryg Pv‡li Rb¨ Awfevmb wbqš¿Y
Kivi †NvlYv w`‡Z cvi‡eb| wKš‘ eiveiB †`Lv hvq Avw`evmx‡`i f~wg †Rvic~e©K `Lj Kiv nq, Avw`evmx‡`i
ev¯‘wfUv †_‡K Avw`evmx‡`i D‡”Q` Kiv nq| Avw`evmx f~wgi we‡iva wb®úwËi Rb¨ †Rjv cÖkvmb‡K Av‡iv Kvh©Kix
I Avw`evmx AvBb evÜe nIqv Ri“ix| Avw`evmx‡`i f~wg n¯—vš—i welqK ¸i“Z¡c~Y© GKwU RvZxq AvBb n‡”Q Ôivóªxq
f~wg AwaMÖnY I cÖRv¯^Ë¡ (ms‡kvwaZ) AvBb 2004| Avgiv GLb GB AvB‡bi AvIZvq Avw`evmx f~wg welqK
cÖm½mg~n Av‡jvPbv Ki‡ev :
ivóªxq AwaMÖnY I cÖRv¯^Ë¡ (ms‡kvwaZ) AvBb 2004 (The State aquisition and Tenancy (Amendment) act 2004)
The East Bengal state aquisition and tenancy act 1950 bv‡g GKwU wej 1948 mv‡ji 6 †deª“qvwi
RbgZ hvPvB‡qi Rb¨ †M‡R‡U cÖKvk Kiv nq| 7 GwcÖj 1948 msm‡`i we‡kl KwgwU‡Z †cÖiY Kiv nq| 1949
mv‡j weÁwß bs-1262 Gj G g~‡j Zv‡`i ms‡kvabx cÖ¯—ve Rbmvavi‡bi ÁvZv‡_© cÖKvk K‡i| cieZx©‡Z c~e©-e½xq
cvjv©‡g‡›U KwZcq cÖ‡qvRbxq ms‡kvabxi ci 1950 mv‡ji 16 †deª“qvwi cÖv‡`wkK cwil` KZ…©K c~e©e½ ivóªxq
76 `ªs, mÄxe| 2008| Avw`evmx gvbevwaKvi 2008, evsjv‡`k Avw`evmx †dvivg, XvKv, c„.15
77 10 b‡f¤^i 1983 ¯§i‡Y cve©Z¨ PÆMÖvg RbmsnwZ mwgwZÕi Z_¨ I cÖPvi wefvM KZ©„K cÖKvwkZ ¯§iwYKv| iv½vgvwU, evsjv‡`k| 2002| c„.35-36
78 wmsn, ivgKvš—| 2003, evsjv‡`‡ki DcRvwZ‡`i AvBb, G GBP †Wfjc‡g›U cvewjwks nvDm, XvKv, c„. 140-141
21

AwaMÖnY I cÖRv¯^Ë¡ AvBb 1950 wejwU cvk nq Ges 16 †g 1951 Zvwi‡L MfY©i †Rbv‡ij we‡j m¤§wZ cÖ`vb
K‡ib| 1960 mv‡j 28 bs Aa¨v‡`k Øviv G bvg ms‡kvab K‡i The East Pakistan state aquisition and
tenancy act 1950 bvg Kiv nq| 1972 mv‡j 48 bs Aa¨v‡`‡ki gva¨‡g Gi bvg Kiv nq The Bangladesh
State aquisition and Tenancy act 1950| cieZx©‡Z 2004 m‡b 2004 m‡bi 9bs AvB‡bi gva¨‡g D³
AvBb ms‡kvab K‡i bvg ivLv nq ivóªxq AwaMÖnY I cÖRv¯^Ë¡ (ms‡kvwaZ) AvBb 2004 (The State aquisition
and Tenancy (Amendment) act 2004)| D³ AvB‡bi 97 avivq Avw`evmx‡`i cÖm½ Av‡jvPbv Kiv
n‡q‡Q| ÔAboriginal’ wn‡m‡e D³ AvB‡b D‡j−L Kiv n‡q‡Q evsjv‡`‡ki wewfbœ A‡j emevmKvix mvuIZvj,
ewbqvm, fyuBqv, Wvjy, nv`x, f~wgR, Mv‡iv, nvRs, Lvwmqv, †KvP, gM, †Lvov, IuivI, `vjyR, ‡gP, gyÛv, †Zvwo,
LviIqvi, gvj, mywiqv, cvnvBqvm, gwÛqv, MÛv, Zzwim Avw`evmx‡`i bvg| hviv GB AvB‡bi AvBbMZ AwaKvi †fvM
Kivi AwaKvi iv‡Lb 79 |
ivóªxq f~wg AwaMÖnY I cÖRv¯^Ë¡ AvBb 1950 Gi Aby‡”Q`-97-G ejv n‡q‡Q :
The Government may from time to time, by notification, declares that the provisions of
section shall, in any District or local area apply to such of the followling of the aboriginal
cast or tribes shall be deemed to be aboriginals, for the purpose of this section, and the
publication toss shall be conclusive evidence that the provisions of this section have been
duly applied to such castes or tribes.
ivóªxq AwaMÖnY I cÖRv¯^Ë¡ AvBb 1950 (B÷ †e½j G¨v± bs 28/1951) Gi wbqgvbyqvqx Avw`evmx‡`i f~wg n¯—vš—
‡i †ek wKQz Dcaviv i‡q‡Q 80 :
Dcaviv : 2 : ‡Kvb DcRvwZ ev Avw`evmx Zvi f~wg Abyiƒc Avw`evmx Qvov Ab¨ Kv‡iv wbKU n¯—vš—i Ki‡j Zv ˆea
n‡e bv|
Dcaviv : 3 : Avw`evmx‡`i f~wg n¯—vš—i µq-weµq, `vb Ges DBj cÖwµqvq n‡Z cv‡i| Z‡e evsjv‡`‡ki
Avw`evmx‡`i f~wg n¯—vš—i Avw`evmx‡`i †fZ‡iB n‡Z n‡e| †Kvb Avw`evmx Zvi f~wg Ab¨ †Kv‡bv Avw`evx‡K weµq,
`vb Ges DBj n¯—vš—i Ki‡Z cv‡i| Ab¨ †Kvb m¤cÖ`v‡qi †jv‡Ki wbKU Avw`evmx Zvi f~wg weµq Ki‡Z cvi‡e
bv| G †‡Î †iwfwbD Awdmv‡ii AbygwZ mv‡c‡ GB ai‡bi n¯—vš—i n‡Z cv‡i|
Dcaviv : 4 : cÖ‡Z¨K n¯—vš—i †iwRwóªK…Z `wjj g~‡j n‡Z n‡e Ges `wjj †iwRwóª nIqvi c~‡e© Ges †nvwìs A_ev
Gi †h †Kvb L‡Û n¯—vš—wiZ n‡j `wjj g‡Z Ges n¯—vš—‡ii kZ© Abyhvqx ivR¯^ Awdmv‡ii wjwLZ m¤§wZ wb‡Z n‡e|
Dcaviv : 5 : GKRb Avw`evmx Ab¨ †Kvb evsjv‡`wk ev evsjv‡`‡k ¯’vqxfv‡e emevmKvix Ab¨ Avw`evmxi wbKU
¯^xq Rwg LvBLvjvmx eÜK w`‡Z cvi‡e| Giƒc e܇Ki †gqv` 7 eQ‡ii AwaK n‡e bv eis eÜKwU Aek¨B 1908
m‡bi †iwR‡óªkb AvBb Abyhvqx n‡Z n‡e|
Dcaviv : 7: Avw`evmx n¯—vš—i GB avivi weavb jsNb Kiv n‡j Zv evwZj n‡q hv‡e|
Dcaviv : 8 : hw` †Kvb Avw`evmx ivqZ GB avivi weavbmg~n jsNb K‡i †Kv‡bv †nvwìs ev Gi Ask n¯—vš—i Kiv
n‡j ivR¯^ Awdmvi ivR¯^ †iwfwbD Awdmv‡ii AbygwZ e¨wZ‡i‡K †Kv‡bv Avw`evmxi f~wg Ab¨ †Kvb m¤cÖ`v‡qi
†Kvb e¨vw³i wbKU n¯—vš—i n‡j †mB n¯—vš—i ejer n‡e bv|
f~wg ms¯‹vi Aa¨v‡`k 1984
79 fyTªv, †gv. nvwdRyi ingvb| 2003, hyM ci¤úivq evsjvi f~wg AvBb I f~wg e¨e¯’v : cvwK¯’vb I evsjv‡`k Avgj, KvwbR dvwZgv I †gv. nvwdRyi
ingvb f~Tv †hŠ_fv‡e eBwU cÖKvk K‡i‡Qb, PÆMÖvg, c„. 54
80 ivq, AwfwRr; Avjx, †gv. Gikv` I †mb, myKvš—| 2009, evsjv‡`‡ki Wvjy, eviwmK, XvKv, c„. 116-117 Ges wmsn, ivgKvš—| 2003, evsjv‡`‡ki
DcRvwZ‡`i AvBb, G GBP †Wfjc‡g›U cvewjwks nvDR, XvKv, c„. 319-320 Ges wmwÏK, G †K Gg| 2002, mvavib f~wg AvBb I wewa, G †K Gg
wmwÏK, XvKv, c„. 56-58 GB wZbwU eB †_‡K G AskUzKz †bqv n‡q‡Q|
22

f~wg ms¯‹vi Aa¨v‡`k 1984 Abyhvqx 81 †Rvic~e©K Avw`evmx‡`i MÖvg I wbR¯^ emZevwo †_‡K D‡”Q` Kiv
†eAvBbx| cj−x GjvKvq evwo wn‡m‡e e¨eüZ †Kvb f~wg n‡Z evwo gvwjK‡K D‡”Q` Kiv hv‡e bv (m~Î: f~wg ms¯‹vi
Aa¨v‡`k 1984, aviv:3)
cÖvY‰ewPΨ I †MvôxMZ Ávb myiv AvBb (1998,Lmov)
wUªcm Pzw³i we‡ePbvq RbM‡Yi cÖvYm¤ú‡`i ivóªxq myiv, ‡jvKvqZ Ávb I mKj cÖvK…wZK cÖwµqvi Dci RbM‡Yi
mve©‡fŠg AwaKvi wbwðZKi‡Y evsjv‡`k 1998 mv‡j Plant Varieties Act of Bangladesh Ges wmwewWi
Av‡jv‡K Biodiversity and community knowledge protection act bv‡g `ywU AvBbMZ Lmov `wjj
ˆZix K‡i| D³ Lmov AvBb Abyhvqx 14 m`‡m¨i †h Ôb¨vkbvj ev‡qvWvBfvwm©wU A_wiwU KwgwUÕ †mLv‡b †`‡ki
wewfbœ Rb‡Mvôxi 6 Rb cÖwZwbwa _vKvi K_v we‡ePbv Kiv n‡q‡Q| GwUB †`‡ki GKgvÎ D‡`¨vM †hLv‡b
Avw`evmx‡`i cÖ_vMZ Ávb I m¤ú‡`i AwaKvi‡K we‡ePbv Kiv n‡q‡Q wKQyUv n‡jI|
RvZxq f~wg e¨nvi bxwZgvjv 2001
RvZxq f~wg e¨envi bxwZgvjv 2001 G ¯úó Avw`evmx‡`i f~wg AwaKvi welqwU ÔDcRvZxq m¤cÖ`vqÕ wn‡m‡e D‡j−L
K‡i ejv n‡q‡Q, evsjv‡`‡k wewfbœ ¯’v‡b emevmKvix DcRvZxq m¤cÖ`vq¸‡jv‡K cÖPwjZ AvBb †gvZv‡eK f~wgi
AwaKvi cÖ`vbmn Zv‡`i mgvRMZ AwaKvi msiY Kiv n‡e (m~Î : RvZxq f~wg e¨envi bxwZgvjv 2001, aviv
16.28)| GgbwK GB bxwZgvjv Abyhvqx Avw`evmx‡`i f~wgi cÖ_vMZ AwaKv‡ii cÖwZI mg_©b ‡i‡L‡Q ivóª,
bxwZgvjv‡Z Avw`evmx‡`i ÔmgvRMZ AwaKviÕ msi‡Yi D‡j−L ivLv n‡q‡Q| RvZxq f~wg e¨envi bxwZgvjv 2001
Abyhvqx cÖavbgš¿x‡K mfvcwZ K‡i GKwU we‡kva© Avš—:gš¿Yvjq wfwËK RvZxq KwgwU MVb Ges RvZxq f~wg e¨envi
KwgwU‡K mvwPweK mn‡hvwMZv Kivi Rb¨ f~wggš¿x‡K AvnevqK K‡i Av‡iKwU Avš—:gš¿Yvjq wfwËK f~wg e¨envi ev¯—
evqb KwgwU MV‡bi K_v D‡j−L Kiv n‡q‡Q (m~Î : RvZxq f~wg e¨envi bxwZgvjv 2001 : Aby‡”Q 18 I 19)| 1950
mv‡j ZrKvjxb c~e©cvwK¯’v‡bi g~L¨gš¿x b~i“j Avgxb myms `~Mv©cyi GjvKvq G‡m UsKcÖ_v D‡”Q` I K…lK‡`i Rwgi
¯^Ë¡ †`evi Avk¦vmmn GjvKvq iv¯—vNvU I ¯‹zj cÖwZôvi K_v e‡j Av‡›`vjbKvix‡`i wbe„Ë Kivi c_ †Lvu‡R †bq 82 |
Avw`evmx f~wg AwaKvi m¤úwK©Z Avš—Rvw©ZK AvBb I mb`
Avw`evmx I UªvBevj Rb‡Mvôx Kb‡fbkb, 1957 (AvBGjI Kb‡fbkb bs-107)
Indigenous and Tribal populations convention, 1957 (ILO 107) 83
Aby‡”Q`:11, wØZxq Ask : f~wg : mswk−ó Rb‡Mvôxi m`m¨‡`i HwZn¨MZfv‡e f~wgi Dci †hŠ_ wKsev e¨vw³MZ
gvwjKvbvi AwaKvi ¯^xKvi Ki‡Z n‡e | evsjv‡`k miKvi 1972 mv‡ji 22 Ryb AvBGjI Kb‡fbkb Aby¯^vi
K‡i‡Q|
Indigenous and Tribal peoples convention, 1989 (ILO 169)
Avw`evmx I UªvBevj Rb‡Mvôx Kb‡fbkb 1989 (AvBGjI-wm 169) 84
81 fyTªv, †gv. nvwdRyi ingvb| 2003, hyM ci¤úivq evsjvi f~wg AvBb I f~wg e¨e¯’v : cvwK¯’vb I evsjv‡`k Avgj, KvwbR dvwZgv I †gv. nvwdRyi
ingvb f~Tv †hŠ_fv‡e eBwU cÖKvk K‡i‡Qb, PÆMÖvg, c„. 238
82 AvB‡qve, Avjx Avnv¤§` Lvb| 2005, evsjv‡`‡ki nvRs m¤cÖ`vq, m~PxcÎ, XvKv, c„. 45
83 `ªs, mÄxe| 2008| Avw`evmx gvbevwaKvi 2008, evsjv‡`k Avw`evmx †dvivg, XvKv, c„.10-11
84 ‡mb, myKvš—; ivq, AwfwRr I jvwgb, wmjfvbym| 2007, mgZ‡ji Avw`evmx : AwaKvi I AwaKvinxbZv, eviwmK, XvKv, c„. 92-93 Ges c~‡ev©³
evsjv‡`‡ki Wvjy eB‡qi c„.117-118 Ask †_‡K GB AskUzKz †bqv n‡q‡Q|
23

Aby‡”Q` : 14.1 : Avw`evmx Rb‡Mvôxi HwZn¨MZfv‡e AvqËK…Z Rwgi gvwjKvbvi AwaKvi I HwZn¨MZfv‡e
`Ljx¯^‡Ë¡i ¯^xK…wZ w`‡Z n‡e| AwaKš‘ HwZn¨MZfv‡e e¨enviK…Z Rwg hv Zv‡`i Rxebhvcb Ges HwZn¨evnx
Kvh©µ‡g e¨envi Ki‡Zv †m¸‡jv i·vi Rb¨ h_vh_ c`‡c MÖnY Kiv n‡e| GB g‡g© hvhvei I ¯—vb cwieZ©bKvix
Pvlx‡`i Ae¯’v‡KI we‡kl ¸i“Z¡ †`qv n‡e|
Aby‡”Q` : 14.2 : miKvi Gme Rb‡Mvôxi HwnZ¨MZfv‡e AvqËK…Z f~wg wPwýZKiY Ges Zv‡`i gvwjKvbvi
AwaKvi I `Ljx¯^‡Ë¡ Kvh©Kix wbivcËv wbðqZv weavb Ki‡e (Aby‡”Q` 14.2)
Avš—R©vwZK cÖvY‰ewPΨ mb` (Converntion on biological diversity 1992/CBD 1992)
evsjv‡`k GB Avš—R©vwZK cÖvY‰ewPΨ mb` (Converntion on biological diversity 1992/CBD 1992)
¯^vi I Aby‡gv`b K‡i‡Q| ivóª wn‡m‡e evsjv‡`k 1992 mv‡ji 5 Ryb G mb`wU ¯^vi K‡i Ges 1994 mv‡ji 3
†g Abymg_©b `vb K‡i| D³ mb‡`i Av‡jv‡K evsjv‡`k 1998 mv‡j “Biodivercity and community
knowledge protection act bv‡g GKwU AvB‡bi Lmov ˆZwi K‡i‡Q| D³ Avš—R©vwZK mb` cÖvY‰ewP‡Î¨i
msiY, cÖvYm¤ú‡`i AwaKvi I Avw`evmxmn MÖvgxY RbM‡Yi wbR¯^ Ávb-m¤ú`-AwfÁZvi myivi Rb¨ †ek wKQy
AvBbMZ wm×vš— nvwRi K‡i‡Q|
Avw`evmx AwaKvi welqK RvwZmsN †NvlYvcÎ
Aby‡”Q` : 28 : Avw`evmx Rb‡Mvôxi f~wg, f~LÛ I m¤ú` hv Zv‡`i HwZn¨MZfv‡e gvwjKvbvaxb wKsev Ab¨_vq
`LjK…Z ev e¨enviK…Z, Ges hv Zv‡`i ¯^vaxb I c~e© m¤§wZ Qvov †e`Lj, wQbZvB, `Lj ev wZc~iY Kiv n‡q‡Q
Gme hv‡Z wd‡i cvq wKsev Zv m¤¢e bv n‡j, GKUv b¨vh¨, h_vh_ I Dchy³ wZc~iY cvq Zvi cÖwZKvi cvIqvi
Avw`evmx Rb‡Mvôxi AwaKvi i‡q‡Q| 85
mgZj A‡ji Avw`evmx‡`i Kvh©Ki f~wg Kwgkb I beg RvZxq msm‡`i wbev©Pbx Bk‡Znvi
AvKgy wPKvwi w`qv K_v GZv gvwZm BËvD
wb‡e hviMv nvKnvb‡` †Zvi K_vZvivwM kvZK
K_v w`qv bv-_wQjv gvby jv‡R AvwnwM wRcvMv
Avavii Z‡j AvwR Ls‡Pji †ew`kv wgOv‡j
evwRm †n LÄwbM ürbZ©i Zv‡j Zv‡j|
( GKevi wPrKvi K‡i e‡jv eÜz K_v¸‡jv
wb‡f hvIqv AvKv‡k †Zvgvi K_vbÎ dzUzK
K_v w`‡q bv ivLv gvbyl †PvL wSgvK j¾vq
Avuav‡ii Z‡j AvR w`kvnviv KÚgwYRv‡j
‡e‡R I‡Vv †n LÄwb ürbZ©‡bi Zv‡j Zv‡j 86 |)
c~e©evsjvq b~i“j Avwg‡bi gš¿xmfvq (1948-1954) cvwK¯’v‡bi Rb¨ GKwU msweavb cÖYq‡bi j‡¨ mgwóMZ
Av`k© cÖ¯—v‡ei †fZi D‡j−L wQj, cvwK¯’v‡b msL¨vjNy Ges AbybœZ-AbMÖmi †kªYx mg~‡ni b¨vqm½Z ¯^v_©ivi Rb¨
cÖ‡qvRbxq ivKe‡Pi e¨e¯’v Kiv n‡e| G mgqUv‡ZB f~wg AwaMÖnY I cÖRv¯^Ë¡ AvBb 1950 cvk nq 87 | ‡mBmgq
Avw`evmx‡`i f~wg n¯—vš—i I f~wg welqK mgm¨v mgvav‡bi Rb¨ †mB AvBb wKQyUv †Kv‡bv †Kv‡bv †‡Î Kvh©Ki
n‡jI AvR Zvi cÖvq lvU eQi ci mKj cwieZ©bkxjZv‡K wePvi we‡ePbv K‡iB Avw`evmx‡`i f~wg mgm¨v
85 `ªs, mÄxe| 2008| Avw`evmx gvbevwaKvi 2008, evsjv‡`k Avw`evmx †dvivg, XvKv, c„.10-11
86 KweZvwU kfvwkm wmbnvi Ôbqv K‡i wPbywi †g‡qKÕ gv‡b Ai bZzb K‡i wPwb eB †_‡K †bqv n‡q‡Q| eBwU‡Z Kwe weòzwcÖqv gwYcyix Ges evsjv Dfq
fvlv‡ZB KweZv¸‡jv wj‡L‡Qb| fvlvwPÎ, XvKv †_‡K 2009 m‡b GwU cÖKvwkZ n‡q‡Q| c„. 11
87 iwk`, nvi“b-Ai| 2009, evsjv‡`‡k RbcÖwZwbwaZ¡g~jK miKv‡ii µgweKvk (1861-2008), nvwmbv cÖKvk, XvKv, c„. 173-174
24

mgvav‡bi Rb¨ c„_K f~wg Kwgk‡bi `vwe †hŠw³Kfv‡e D‡V‡Q| evsjv‡`k f~wgi Avg~j ms¯‹vi cÖm‡½ MwY (1997)
e‡j‡Qb, mvgš—ev`x †Mvôx, †RvZ`vi, `vjvj, ga¨¯^Ë¡‡fvMx ev gyrmyÏxi K…wÎg MY¯^v_© we‡ivax †bZ…Z¡ †f‡½ ¯’vbxq
miKvi e¨e¯’vq kw³KvVv‡gvi cwieZ©b Avbvi †fZi w`‡q evsjv‡`‡ki f~wg ms¯‹vi Kg©m~wP ev¯—evqb Ki‡Z n‡e 88 |
mgZ‡ji Avw`evmx‡`i GB f~wg Kwgk‡bi `vwe †`‡ki Avg~j f~wg ms¯‹v‡iiB GK ¸i“Z¡c~Y© Kg©m~wP I D‡`¨vM
wn‡m‡e D`vniY ˆZwi Ki‡Z cv‡i| cvkvcvwk GB Kwgkb wKfv‡e KvR Ki‡e wK ai‡bi KvR Ki‡e G wb‡q
Avw`evmxmn Ab¨vb¨ivI †ek wPš—vfvebv Ki‡Qb| mvgvb¨ n‡jI wKQy wKQy Av‡jvPbv GwM‡q‡Q| †hgb mgZj
A‡ji Avw`evmx‡`i f~wg mgm¨v mgvav‡bi Rb¨ wms (2004) cÖ¯—ve K‡i‡Qb, f~wgnxb Avw`evmx‡`i g‡a¨ LvmRwg
cÖ`vb Ki‡Z n‡e Ges f~wg cÖkvmb g¨vbyqvj 1987 Gi 60 bs c„ôvi 72 aviv Abyhvqx LvmRwg‡Z emevmKvix
f~wgnxb‡`i IB Rwg‡Z ¯’vqx e‡›`ve¯— Ki‡Z n‡e Ges KL‡bv Zv‡`i D‡”Q` Kiv hv‡e bv 89 | GiKg AsmL¨
cÖv‡qvwMK we‡ePbv Ges c_c×wZ w`‡qB nq‡Zv f~wg Kwgk‡bi KvVv‡gv ˆZwi n‡e| mgZj A‡ji Avw`evmx‡`i
f~wg mgm¨v I weivwRZ Ki“Y-‡eAvAvBbx f~wgwe‡iva-msNl©mg~n Kwg‡q wb‡q Avmv Ges wb®úwËi j‡¨ GK mgwš^Z
ivóªxq AvBbKvVv‡gv wn‡m‡e Ôc„_K-¯^Zš¿-Kvh©Ki-Avw`evmxevÜe f~wg Kwgk‡biÕ `vwe Av‡›`vjbiZ Avw`evmx
msMVb-M‡elK-‡emiKvix Dbœqb msMVb-AvBbRxex-ivRbxwZK-MYgva¨g Ges gvbevwaKviKgx©‡`i| Avw`evmx‡`i
`~‡i †i‡L †Kv‡bv RvZxq Dbœqb m¤¢e bq, Avw`evmx‡`i f~wg mgm¨v I mvsweavwbK ¯^xK…wZi Rb¨ c„_K gš¿Yvjq
MVb Kiv cÖ‡qvRb e‡j AvRKvj A‡bK ivRbxwZKB †Rviv‡jv gZcÖKvk K‡ib 90 |
cve©Z¨ PÆMÖvg A‡ji g~j mgm¨v nj f~wg mgm¨v| G mgm¨v D¢‡ei cðv‡Z f~-ivR‰bwZK †KŠkjMZ miKvix
bxwZB wQj cÖavbZ: `vqx| 1985 †_‡K 1997 ch©š— †gvU 26 evi AvbyôvwbK ˆeV‡Ki avivevwnKZvq 1997 mv‡ji
2 wW‡m¤^i MYcÖRvZš¿x evsjv‡`k miKvi I cve©Z¨ PÆMÖvg RbmsnwZ mwgwZi g‡a¨ Pzw³ ¯^vwiZ nq| ‡gvU PviL‡Û
wef³ cve©Z¨ PÆMÖvg Pzw³i ÔNÕ L‡Û 4,5 I 6bs Aby‡”Q‡` j¨vÛKwgkb MVb I f~wg we‡iva wb®úwËKiY welqvejx
Aš—©f~³ i‡q‡Q 91 |
mZgj A‡ji Avw`evmx‡`i Rb¨ c„_K f~wg Kwgk‡bi `vwe‡Z RvZxq Avw`evmx cwil` 28-29 A‡±vei 2009
Zvwi‡L †`‡ki DËi-cwðgv‡ji AvUwU †Rjvq msMwVZ K‡i nvRvi nvRvi Avw`evmx bvix cyi“‡li GK `xN©
MYc`hvÎv| †`‡ki mgZj A‡ji Avw`evmx‡`i f~wg AwaKvi I mvsweavwbK ¯^xK…wZi `vwe‡Z RvZxq Avw`evmx
cwil` †h bq `dv `vwe †ck Ki‡Q `xN© Av‡›`vjb msMÖv‡gi †fZi w`‡q Zvi †fZi f~wg welqK `vwe mg~n nj 92 :
1. miKvwi Lvm, Rwg`vix Lvm I `xN©w`b hveZ emevmiZ wfUv `Ljx k‡Z© Avw`evmx‡`i AvBbMZ gvwjKvbv
w`‡Z n‡e|
2. A‰ea Rvj I †e`Lj Rwg cybi“×v‡ii Rb¨ miKvwi Li‡P AvBbMZ e¨e¯’v wb‡Z n‡e|
3. M„nnxb Avw`evmx‡`i cyb©evm‡bi e¨e¯’v Ki‡Z n‡e|
88 MwY, GweGg Imgvb| 1997, evsjv‡`‡ki fwel¨r f~wg ms¯‹vi Kg©m~wP †Kgb n‡e (†cÖwZ we‡k−lb I mycvwik), †mvmvj BÝwUwUDU, XvKv
89 wms, wek¦bv_| 2004, Avw`evmx‡`i f~wg AwaKvi I mvgvwRK ghv©`v, †emiKvix Dbœqb msMVb mgZv KZ…©K cÖKvwkZ Rvbv©j ivBUm †_‡K †jLvwU †bqv
n‡q‡Q, msL¨v: 8, mgZv, XvKv
90 AwaKvi wfwËK †bUIqvK© Av¯’v cÖKvwkZ gvwmK ey‡jwUb ÔAv¯’viÕ AvM÷ 2008 msL¨v †_‡K †bqv n‡q‡Q| GwU m¤úv`bv I cÖKvk K‡ib †`evwkl
cÖgvwYK †`ey, ivRkvnx, cÖ_g cvZv| 9 AvM÷ 2008 Zvwi‡L ivRkxnx †Rjv cwil` wgjbvqZ‡b RvZxq Avw`evmx cwil` Av‡qvwRZ mfvq evsjv‡`‡ki
IqvKv©m© cvwU©i cwjUey¨‡ivi m`m¨ dR‡j †nv‡mb ev`kvi e³e¨|
91 PvKgv, kªx †MŠZg Kzgvi| 2002| cve©Z¨ PÆMÖvg Pzw³i Av‡jv‡K f~wg e¨e¯’vcbv| Avš—Rv©wZK Avw`evmx w`em 2002 Dcj‡¨ g_yiv wÎcyiv m¤úvw`Z I
Rvevivs Kj¨vY mwgwZ KZ…©K cÖKvwkZ Ôf~wg, ms¯‹…wZ I Avw`evmxÕ welqK we‡kl cÖKvkbv| LvMovQwo, evsjv‡`k, c„. 24-32
92 m‡ib, iex›`ªbv_| DËie‡½i Avw`evmx : f~wg mgm¨v Rxe‡bi msKU| mvuIZvj we‡`ªv‡ni 151Zg evwl©Kx Dcj‡¨ mvuIZvj we‡`ªv‡ni 151 Zg evwl©Kx
D`hvcb RvZxq KwgwU KZ©„K cÖKvwkZ nyj bv‡gi ¯§iwYKv †_‡K †jLvwU †bqv n‡q‡Q| GwU m¤úv`bv K‡i‡Qb cv‡fj cv_©, wniYwgÎ PvKgv, wmjfvbym
jvwgb Ges RvbœvZ-G-‡di‡`Šmx, evsjv‡`‡ki XvKv †_‡K GwU cÖKvwkZ n‡q‡Q 30 Ryb 2006, c„. 23-25
25

4. Awc©Z m¤úwË AvB‡bi Kvi‡Y †h mKj m¤úwË Avw`evmx‡`i nvZ Qvov n‡q‡Q Zv h_vh_ DËivwaKv‡ii
wbKU wdwi‡q w`‡Z n‡e|
5. mgZj A‡ji Avw`evmx‡`i Rb¨ c„_K gš¿Yvjq I Avw`evmx‡`i f~wg AwaKvi cÖwZôvq we‡kl f~wg
Kwgkb MVb Ki‡Z n‡e|
†emiKvix Dbœqb msMVb mgZv KZ©„K ˆZwi aviYvc‡Î mgZ‡ji Avw`evmx‡`i f~wg mgm¨v mgvav‡b c„_K j¨vÛ
Kwgkb MV‡bi cÖ‡qvRbxZv wb‡q wKQyUv Av‡jvPbv Kiv nq 93 | 2003 mv‡ji 19 †g gayc‡ii Avw`evmx‡`i mv‡_
cwi‡ek I ebgš¿xi Gi ˆeV‡K Avw`evmxiv `kwU `vwe DÌvcb K‡ib| gaycy‡ii Avw`evmx‡`i f~wg mgm¨v mgvav‡bi
Rb¨ Zviv cwi‡ek I eb gš¿xi Kv‡Q f~wg Kwgkb MV‡bi cÖ¯—ve K‡ib 94 | Kvgvj I Ab¨vb¨iv (2003) mvuIZvj
mgv‡Ri f~wg mgm¨v mgvav‡b †h mvZwU cÖ¯—ve nvwRi K‡i‡Qb Zvi †fZi f~wg welqK f~wg UªvBey¨bvj MVb
Ab¨Zg 95 | Avw`evmx‡`i f~wg mgm¨v mgvav‡bi Rb¨ Kvgvj I evby (2003) c„_K f~wg Kwgkb MV‡bi cÖ¯—ve
w`‡q‡Qb 96 | ebwefvM KZ…©K B‡KvcvK© cÖKí (gaycyi RvZxq D`¨vb Dbœqb cÖKí) ev¯—evqb I gaycy‡ii
Avw`evmx‡`i mv‡_ ebwefvM I evOvwj‡`i f~wgwe‡iva wbim‡b gaycy‡ii Avw`evmx‡`i f~wg mgm¨v mgvav‡bi Rb¨
miKvi‡K 12wU c`‡c †bqvi cÖ¯—ve †`qv n‡qwQj| hvi GKwU nj f~wg Kwgkb 97 | AvPvh© I Ab¨vb¨iv (2007)
Rvbvb, Avw`evmx‡`i µ‡gB f~wgnxb n‡q cov cÖm‡½ evsjv‡`k Avw`evmx †dviv‡gi mvavib m¤úv`K mÄxe `ªs
e‡jb, mgZ‡ji Avw`evmx‡`i Ici Pj‡Q bvbv ai‡Yi wbhv©Zb| RvZxq Avw`evmx cwil‡`i †bZ…e„›`I GKB gZ
†cvlY K‡ib| Zviv cÖwZwbqZ Rwg nviv‡”Q| mgZ‡ji Avw`evmx‡`i Rwg ivi Rb¨ miKvi‡K cÖ‡qvRbxq e¨e¯’v
wb‡Z n‡e| Gw`‡K mgZvmn wewfbœ gvbevwaKvi msMVb mgZ‡ji Avw`evmx‡`i Rb¨ c„_K j¨vÛ Kwgkb MV‡bi
`vwe Zz‡j‡Q| Avw`evmx †dvivgI G `vwei cÖwZ mg_©b Rvwb‡q‡Q| G mvvrKv‡i f~wg cÖwZgš¿x DwKj Ave`yi mvËvi
fyuBqv mgZ‡ji Avw`evmx‡`i Rwg mgm¨v wb‡q gš¿Yvjq AeMZ Av‡Qb e‡j Rvwb‡q‡Qb| Z‡e mgZ‡ji
Avw`evmx‡`i Rb¨ c„_K j¨vÛ Kwgkb MV‡bi welqwU m¤ú‡K© GLbI †Kv‡bv wm×vš— nqwb e‡j wZwb Rvbvb|
we‡klÁ‡`i g‡Z mgZ‡ji Avw`evmx‡`i mgm¨v mgvav‡bi Rb¨ c„_K j¨vÛ Kwgkb MVb Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i 98 | f~wg
welqK †emiKvix Dbœqb msMVb GGjAviwW (2006) cÖ¯—ve K‡i‡Q, Avw`evmx‡`i HwZn¨MZ f~wgi AwaKvi‡K
¯^xKvi K‡i Avw`evmx‡`i mgš^‡q f~wg Kwgkb MVb Ki‡Z n‡e 99 | nK I Ab¨vb¨ivI (2009) Avw`evmx‡`i f~wg
Rwi‡ci R‡b¨ GKwU c„_K f~wg Kwgkb MV‡bi mycvwik K‡i‡Qb 100 | 25 Ryb 2009 Zvwi‡L XvKvi wi‡cvU©vm©
BDwbwUi wfAvBwc wgjbvqZ‡b AwaKviwfwËK cvuPwU msMVb GGjAviwW-e−v÷-AvBb I mvwjk †K›`ª-wb‡Riv KwiwUAvBwe
bIuMv †Rjvi †cvikv‡Z 12 Ryb 2009 Zvwi‡L msMwVZ evOvwj KZ…©K Avw`evmx f~wg `Lj I MÖvg nvgjv
93 aviYvcÎ, mgZ‡ji Avw`evmx‡`i Rb¨ c„_K j¨vÛ Kwgkb MV‡bi cÖ‡qvRbxqZv, ‡emiKvix Dbœqb msMVb mgZvi b¨vPvivj cwjwm GW‡fv‡Kwm †mj
KZ…©K cÖ¯‘ZK…Z|
94 Mankin, Albert. 2004, The rights of Adivasis on land and forests : Bangladesh Government perspectives, CIPRAD,
Dhaka
95 Kamal, Mesbah; Samad, Dr. Muhammad & Banu, Nilufar. 2003, The Santal community in Bangladesh : problems
and prospects, RDC, Dhaka, p. 16-20
96 Kamal, M. and Samad, Dr. M Banu. 2003, Santal community in Bangladesh : problems and prospects, RDC, Dhaka
97 Satter, Fazlous. 2006, Struggle for survival : a study on the legal status of the Mandi peoples’ land rights in
Modhupur forest area, Shrabon Prokashani, Dhaka, p.172-173
98 AvPvh©, Rqš—; eg©Y, wch„l; PµeZx©, wefvl Ges wmK`vi, †mŠif| 2007, Avw`evmx‡`i f~wg nviv‡bvi KviY Ges mvgvwRK Rxe‡b Gi cÖfve : †cÖwZ
MvRxcyi †Rjv, A·dvg-wRwe evsjv‡`k †cÖvMÖvg, XvKv, c„. 21
99 ‡emiKvix Dbœqb msMVb G Gj AviwW KZ…©K cÖKvwkZ f~wgevZv©, msL¨v 31 AvM÷ 2006
100 ‡nv‡mb, AvBqye; nK, Pvi“ I wiw¯—, wiRyqvbv| 2009, evsjv‡`‡ki z`ª RvwZ‡Mvôx, nv°vbx cvwjkvm©, XvKv, c„. 139
26

wel‡q msev` m‡¤§j‡b †h mvZ `dv `vwe DÌvcb K‡i| Gi †fZi Zviv mgZj f~wgi Avw`evmx‡`i Rb¨ c„_K f~wg
Kwgkb MV‡bi c`‡c †bIqvi `vwe Rvbvq 101 | Ôwek¦ kªg ms¯’v-evsjv‡`k Ges ‡emiKvix Dbœqb msMVb AviwWwm
Av‡qvwRZ ÔAvBGjI Kb‡fbkb 169 : evsjv‡`‡ki Avw`evmx I RvZxq msm`Õ kxl©K ˆeV‡K cve©Z¨ PÆMÖvg welqK
gš¿Yvj‡qi gš¿x `xcsKi ZvjyK`vi Rvbvb, Avw`evmx‡`i f~wg mgm¨v mgvav‡b miKvi `ª“Z GKwU c„_K j¨vÛ
Kwgkb MVb Ki‡e 102 | beg RvZxq msm‡`i wbev©Pbx Bk‡Znv‡i evsjv‡`k AvIqvgx jxM, evsjv‡`‡ki KwgDwb÷
cvwU© Ges evsjv‡`‡ki Iqv©Kvm© cvwU© Avw`evmx‡`i Rb¨ c„_K j¨vÛ ev f~wg Kwgkb cÖwZôvi ivR‰bwZK Iqv`v
K‡i‡Q|
beg RvZxq msm` wbev©Pb 2008 : ivR‰bwZK `‡ji wbev©Pbx Bk‡Znv‡i Avw`evmx cÖm½
beg RvZxq msm` wbev©Pb 2008 Gi Av‡M †`‡ki wbev©P‡bi c‡i ivR‰bwZK `j mg~n Zv‡`i wbev©Pbx Bk‡Znv‡i
Avw`evmx welqK ¸i“Z¡c~Y© cÖm½ DÌvcb K‡iwQj| Avgiv AvR‡Ki Avjv‡ci †kl chv©‡q beg RvZxq msm‡`i
wbev©Pbx Bk‡Znvi mg~n cvV Ki‡ev Ges ivR‰bwZK `j mg~n‡K wb‡R‡`i ivR‰bwZK Iqv`v I kZ©¸‡jv c~i‡Y
Avnevb Rvbv‡ev|
evsjv‡`k AvIqvgx jx‡Mi wbev©Pbx Bk‡Znvi 2008 103
2005 mv‡ji 15 RyjvB †NvwlZ 14 `‡ji 31-`dv ms¯‹vi Kg©m~wP Ges 22 b‡f¤^i M„nxZ 23-`dv Awfbœ b~¨bZg
Kg©m~wPi Av‡jv‡K 7 eQ‡ii AwfÁZv I ev¯—eZv‡K we‡ePbvq †i‡L cÖYxZ n‡q‡Q evsjv‡`k AvIqvgx jx‡Mi
wbev©Pbx Bk‡Znvi wfkb 2021 w`be`‡ji mb`| wbev©Pbx Bk‡Znv‡ii 18 bs avivq eY©bv Kiv n‡q‡Q Avw`evmx
AwaKvi welqvejx|
18.1 : agx©q msL¨vjNy, z`ª RvwZmËv, Avw`evmx I Pv evMv‡b Kg©iZ kªgRxex Rb‡Mvôxi Ici mš¿vm, ˆelg¨g~jK
AvPiY Ges gvbevwaKvi jsN‡bi wPi Aemvb, Zv‡`i Rxeb, m¤ú`, m¤£g, gvb-ghv©`vi myiv Ges ivóª I mgvR
Rxe‡bi me©‡‡Î mgvb AwaKv‡ii ev¯—e cÖ‡qvM wbwðZ Kiv n‡e|
Avw`evmx‡`i Rwg, Rjv`vi Ges eb GjvKvq mbvZwb AwaKvi msi‡Yi Rb¨ we‡kl e¨e¯’v MÖnYmn f~wg Kwgkb
MVb Kiv n‡e| msL¨vjNy, Avw`evmx I z`ª b„-RvwZ‡Mvôxi cÖwZ ˆelg¨g~jK mKj cÖKvi AvBb I Ab¨vb¨ e¨e¯’vi
Aemvb Kiv n‡e| agx©q I RvwZMZ msL¨vjNy Ges Avw`evmx‡`i Rb¨ PvKwi I wkv cÖwZôv‡b we‡kl my‡hvM-myweav
wbwðZ Kiv n‡e|
18.2 : cve©Z¨ PÆMÖvg kvwš—Pzw³ m¤ú~Y©fv‡e ev¯—evqb Kiv n‡e| AbMÖmi AÂjmg~n‡i Dbœq‡b ewa©Z D‡`¨vM, z`ª
RvwZ †Mvôx, Avw`evmx I Ab¨vb¨ m¤cÖ`v‡qi AwaKv‡ii ¯^xK…wZ Ges Zv‡`i fvlv, mvwnZ¨, ms¯‹…wZ I Rxebavivi
¯^vZš¿¨ msiY I Zv‡`i mylg Dbœq‡bi Rb¨ AMÖvwaKvi wfwËK Kg©m~wP MÖnY I ev¯—evqb Kiv n‡e|
ew¯—, Pi, nvIo, evIo I DcK’jmn mKj AbMÖmi A‡ji gvby‡li Rxe‡bi gvb Dbœq‡b AMÖvwaKvi †`qv n‡e|
evsjv‡`‡ki IqvKv©m© cvwU©i wbev©Pbx Bk‡nZvi 2008 104
13 wW‡m¤^i 2008 mv‡j XvKvq knx` Avmv` wgjbvqZ‡b †NvwlZ evsjv‡`‡ki Iqv©Kvm© cvwU©i wbev©Pbx Bk‡Znv‡i
21wU welqwfwËK Aby‡”Q‡`i †fZi 15 bs Aby‡”Q`wU Ôz`ª RvwZmËv I Avw`evmx AwaKviÕ welqK| GLv‡b ‡NvlYv
Kiv n‡qwQj :
101 ‡cÖm weÁwß, 12 Ryb 2009
102 m~Î : http://communicatinglabourrights.wordpress.com/2009/12/20/bangladesh-land-commission-for-indigenous-
people-soon/)
103 w`be`‡ji mb`, evsjv‡`k AvIqvgx jxM †K›`ªxq KwgwU KZ…©K beg RvZxq msm` wbev©P‡bi Av‡M GwU cÖKvwkZ n‡q‡Q, 2008, XvKv|
104 9g RvZxq msm` wbev©Pb, wbev©Pbx Bk‡Znvi, evsjv‡`‡ki IqvKv©m© cvwU©, †K›`ªxq KwgwU, XvKv, c„.13
27

K. cvnv‡o, mgZ‡j emevmKvix z`ª RvwZmËvi mvsweavwbK ¯^xK…wZ cÖ`vb Kiv| GB RvwZmg~n‡i fvlv, ms¯‹…wZ,
K…wó, AvBb cÖZv‡K AvB‡bi gva¨‡g msiY I weKv‡ki cÖ‡qvRbxq e¨e¯’v MÖnY Kiv|
L. Avw`evmx‡`i Rwgi Dci AwaKvi cÖwZôv Kiv, mgZ‡j mvuIZvj, Mv‡iv, nvRs, IuivImn mKj msL¨vjNy
Rb‡Mvôxi f~wgi AwaKvi wbwðZ Kivi j‡¨ GKwU f~wg Kwgkb MVb Kiv|
M. 1997 mv‡ji wW‡m¤^i gv‡mi ¯^vwiZ cve©Z¨ kvwš— Pzw³i Am½wZmg~n `~i Kiv Ges Pzw³i c~Y© ev¯—evqb wbwðZ
Kiv|
N. z`ª RvwZmË¡v ev Avw`evmx mgvR Aay¨wlZ GjvKvmg~‡n f~wg I Rxe‰ewPΨ webvkKvix mKj ai‡bi ZrciZv eÜ
Kiv| Avw`evmx RbM‡Yi Aw¯—Z¡, cwi‡ek, cÖK…wZ I RxweKv‡K wecbœ K‡i Ggb ai‡bi ZZvKw_Z Dbœqb cÖKí ev¯—
evqb eÜ Kiv|
O. evsjv‡`‡ki z`ª RvwZmËvmg~‡ni fvlv, ms¯‹…wZ, K…wó, AvBb, cÖ_v Ges Ávb e¨e¯’vi welq‡K AvB‡bi gva¨‡g
msiY I weKv‡ki cÖ‡qvRbxq e¨e¯’v MÖnY Kiv| msL¨vjNy RvwZmËv¸‡jvi gvZ…fvlv msiY I weKv‡ki Rb¨
ivóªxqfv‡e D‡`¨vM MÖnY Kiv| mKj RvwZmËvi wkï‡`i cÖv_wgK wkv¯—‡i evsjv fvlvi cvkvcvwk gvZ…fvlv wkv
†`qvi Ges mvs¯‹…wZK I K…wóMZ HwZn¨, ¯^vZš¿¨ ivi e¨e¯’v wbwðZ Kiv|
P. Avj‡d«W m‡ib, cx‡ib mœvj, mZ¨evb nvRs, P‡ik wi‡Qj nZ¨vKvÛmn Avw`evmx‡`i Ici nZ¨v, AZ¨vPvi,
Drcxo‡bi NUbvi wePvi Kiv|
evsjv‡`‡ki KwgDwb÷ cvwU©i wbev©Pbx Bk‡Znvi 2008 105
beg RvZxq msm` wbevP©‡bi cÖv°v‡j evsjv‡`‡ki KwgDwb÷ cvwU© †h 24 wU Aby‡”Q‡` wbev©Pbx Bk‡Znvi cÖKvk
K‡i Zvi †fZi ÔmsL¨vjNy RvwZmËv I Avw`evmx mgvRÕ Ab¨Zg| cvwU© †NvlYv K‡iwQj :
msL¨vjNy RvwZmËv I Avw`evmx mgvR
K. msL¨vjNy RvwZmËv¸‡jvi ¯^KxqZvi c~Yv©½ mvsweavwbK ¯^xK…wZ cÖ`vb Kiv| RvwZmsN Avw`evmx AwaKvi welqK
†NvlYvc‡Î ¯^vi cÖ`vb Ges †mB Abymv‡i `„p e¨e¯’v MÖnY Kiv|
L. evsjv‡`‡ki z`ª RvwZmËvmg~‡ni fvlv, ms¯‹…wZ, K…wó, AvBb, cÖ_v Ges Ávb e¨e¯’vi welq‡K AvB‡bi gva¨‡g
msiY I weKv‡ki Rb¨ ivóªxqfv‡e D‡`¨vM MÖnY Kiv| mKj RvwZmËvi wkï‡`i cÖv_wgK wkv¯—‡i evsjvfvlvi
cvkvcvwk gvZ…fvlv wkv †`qvi Ges mvs¯‹…wZK I K…wóMZ HwZn¨, ¯^vZš¿¨ ivi e¨e¯’v wbwðZ Kiv|
M. mKj msL¨vjNy RvwZmËvi ¯^v_© iv, AwaKvi wbwðZ Kiv, A_©‰bwZK I Dbœqb mnvqZv cÖ`vb Ges weKv‡ki
Rb¨ G mKj RvwZmËvi gvbyl‡`i cÖwZwbwaZ¡ m¤^wjZ cÖ_K cÖkvmwbK weevM I Avw`evmx Kwgkb cÖwZôv Kiv|
wkv, PvKzwimn wewfbœ †‡Î Zv‡`i Rb¨ we‡kl †KvUvi e¨e¯’v ivLv|
N. 1997 mv‡j ¯^vwiZ Ôcve©Z¨ Pzw³iÕ c~Y© ev¯—evqb wbwðZ Kiv| cve©Z¨ PÆMÖv‡gi Rb¨ MwVZ f~wg Kwgkb
mwVKfv‡e Kvh©Ki Kivi gva¨‡g cve©Z¨ PÆMÖv‡gi Avw`evmx‡`i ev¯‘wfUv I f~wgi AwaKvi wdwi‡q †`qv|
O. RvwZMZ msL¨vjNy I Avw`evmx mgvR Aay¨wlZ GjvKvmg~‡n f~wg I cÖvY‰ewPΨ-Rxe‰ewPΨ webvkKvix mKj
ai‡bi ZrciZv Awej‡¤^ eÜ Kiv| Avw`evmx‡`i HwZn¨MZ f~wg AwaKv‡ii ¯^xK…wZ I e‡bi Ici Avw`evmx‡`i
AwaKvi I Askx`vwiZ¡ wbwðZ Ki‡Z f~wg Kwgkb MVb Kiv| B‡KvcvK©, ch©Ub‡K›`ª BZ¨vw` M‡o †Zvjvi mgq
Avw`evmx‡`i Ici wbcxob, Avw`evmx‡`i Rxeb-RxweKv‡K wecbœKiY, ev¯‘Pz¨ZKiY BZ¨vw` eÜ Kiv| msL¨vjNy
RvwZmËvi RbM‡Yi Aw¯—Z¡, cwi‡ek, cÖK…wZ I RxweKv‡K wecbœ K‡i Ggb ai‡Yi Z_vKw_Z ÔDbœqbÕ cÖKí ev¯—
evqb eÜ Kiv| †h‡Kv‡bv cÖKí MÖnY I ev¯—evq‡bi Av‡M ¯—vbxq gvbyl‡`i m‡½ gZwewbgq Ges AskMÖnY wbwðZ
Kiv|
P. Avj‡d«W m‡ib, cx‡ib mœvj, mZ¨evb nvRs, P‡jk wiwQj n_¨vKvÛmn Avw`evx‡`i Ici nZ¨v, AZ¨vPvi,
Drcxo‡bi NUbvi wePvi Kiv| mgZj f~wgi mvuIZvj, Mv‡iv, nvRs, IuivImn mKj msL¨vjN~ Rb‡Mvôxi f~wgi
AwaKvi wbwðZ Ki‡Z GKwU f~wg Kwgkb MVb Kiv I mswk−ó GjvKvi Kvm Rwg e›U‡b Zv‡`i‡K AMÖvwaKvi †`qv|
G wel‡q 1950 mv‡ji f~wg¯^Ë¡ AvB‡bi h_vh_ ev¯—evqb wbwðZ Kiv|
Q. wek¦we`¨vjq¸‡jv‡Z msL¨vjNy RvwZ¯—vmg~‡ni wkv, ms¯‹…wZi Ici M‡elYvi Rb¨ c„_K M‡elYv †mj †Lvjv|
105 beg RvZxq msm` wbev©Pb : wbev©Pbx Bk‡Znvi, 2008, evsjv‡`‡ki KwgDwb÷ cvwU©, †Kw›`ªxq KwgwU, XvKv, c„.18-19
28

R. `wjZ Rb‡Mvôxi cÖwZ we`¨gvb mKj ˆelg¨ I A¯ú„k¨Zv `~i Kiv| A¯ú„k¨Zv‡K kvw¯—‡hvM¨ Aciva wn‡m‡e MY¨
Kiv| `wjZ Rb‡Mvôxj Av_©-mvgvwRK Ae¯’v Dbœq‡bi j‡¨ GKwU Kwgkb MVb Kiv| beMwVZ RvZxq gvbevwaKvi
Kwgk‡b `wjZ Rb‡Mvôxi Rb¨ GKUv we‡kl †mj MVb Kiv|
evsjv‡`k RvZxqZvev`x `j (weGbwci) wbev©Pbx Bk‡Znvi 2008 106
• AbMÖmi, cvnvox I DcRvZxq RbM‡Yi mvs¯‹…wZK ˆewkó¨ iv, PvKzix I wkv †‡Î mKj myweav
m¤cÖmviY Ges cve©Z¨ A‡j Dbœqb Kvh©µg †Rvi`vo Kiv n‡e|
• Zdmxwj m¤cÖ`v‡qi Rb¨ cÖewZ©Z Dce„wË Kvh©µg evov‡bv n‡e|
• ‡`‡ki cve©Z¨ †Rjv Ges Ab¨vb¨ ¯’v‡b emevmiZ DcRvZxq I Avw`evmxMY hv‡Z Zv‡`i wbR gvZ…fvlv
wkvjvf Ki‡Z cv‡ib Zvi e¨e¯’v †bqv n‡e|cvnvwo DcRvZxq I Avw`evmx RbM‡Yi ms¯‹…wZ‡K
DrmvwnZ Kivi j‡¨ Avw`evmx ms¯‹…wZ †K›`ª I GKv‡Wwg¸‡jvi Av‡iv DbœwZ Kiv n‡e|
• gvbevwaKvi m¤úwK©Z RvwZms‡Ni mve©Rbxb †NvlYv ev¯—evqb Kiv n‡e|
• bvMwiK, ivR‰bwZK I mvgvwRK AwaKvi m¤úwK©Z mKj Avš—RvwZ©K mb` ev¯—evq‡bi cÖ‡Póv †Rvi`vo
Kiv n‡e|
• miKvix LvmRwg weZi‡Y f~wgnxb, weËnxb, ew¯—evmx I Avkªqnx‡bi AMÖvwaKvi †`qv n‡e|
mgZj A‡ji Avw`evmx‡`i f~wg mgm¨vi mgvav‡b mgwš^Z cÖ¯—ve
Avgiv AvR‡Ki Avjv‡ci †kl chv©‡q P‡j G‡mwQ, GLb mgZj A‡ji Avw`evmx‡`i f~wg mgm¨vi Rb¨ Avgv‡`i
Kvh©Ki wm×vš— †bqv Ri“ix| f~wg mgm¨v mgvav‡b Avw`evmxiv `xN©mgqe¨vwc †hmKj `vwe-cÖ¯—ve-mycvwik Zz‡j‡Qb
Gm‡ei ev¯—evqb ivR‰bwZK ivóªxq wm×vš— MÖn‡Yi gva¨‡gB Kiv Ri“ix| beg RvZxq msm` wbev©P‡bi Av‡M
wbev©wPZ miKvi Avw`evmx‡`i f~wg mgm¨v wbim‡b †hmKj Iqv`v K‡iwQj Avgiv g‡b Kwi AvR‡Ki Avjv‡ci g~j
D‡Ïk¨ nj miKvi I Acivci ivR‰bwZK `j‡K welq¸‡jv Avev‡iv †hvŠw³Kfv‡e g‡b Kwi‡q †`qv| hv‡Z
Avw`evmx f~wg mgm¨vi BwZevPK ivR‰bwZK myivnvi D‡`¨vM ˆZix nq|
1. wbev©Pbx Bk‡Znvi ev¯—evqb : beg RvZxq msm` wbev©P‡bi wbev©Pbx Bk‡Znvi Abyhvqx Avw`evmx f~wg
mgm¨vi mgvav‡bi Rb¨ miKvi I ivR‰bwZK `jmg~n‡K Avw`evmx‡`i c~Y© m¤§wZ I AskMÖn‡Y mwµq
f~wgKv wb‡Z n‡e| cÖwZwU ivR‰bwZK `j‡K Avw`evmx f~wg msµvš— wbev©Pbx Iqv`v Kvh©Kifv‡e ev¯—evqb
Ki‡Z n‡e|
2. mgZ‡ji Avw`evmx‡`i Rb¨ f~wg Kwgkb : mgZ‡ji mKj AÂj Ges mKj RvwZi Avw`evmx bvix I
cyi“l cÖwZwbwa‡`i AskMÖnY wbwðZ K‡i mgZ‡ji Avw`evmx‡`i Rb¨ GKwU c~Yv©½-mvqË¡kvwmZ-wbi‡c-
MYZvwš¿K c„_K ÔmgZj Avw`evmxi f~wg welqK KwgkbÕ MVb Ki‡Z n‡e| f~wg Kwgk‡bi gva¨‡gB ¯’vbxq
f~wg welqK we‡iva, gvgjv, Z_¨ bw_, `wjjcÎ msiY I Kg©cÖwµqv m¤úv`b Kiv n‡e|
3. f~wg Rixc : f~wg Kwgk‡bi gva¨‡g mgZ‡ji Avw`evmx A‡ji c~Yv©½ f~wg Rixc wb®úbœ Ki‡Z n‡e|
cvkvcvwk cÖvK…wZK ebf~wgi my¯úó mxgvbv Ges Avw`evmx f~wgi AvBbMZ mxgvbv my®úófv‡e wbav©ib
Ki‡Z n‡e| f~wg AwaMÖY I cÖRv¯^Ë AvB‡b 1950 mgZ‡ji mKj Avw`evmx‡`i bvg Aš—©f~³ Ki‡Z n‡e|
4. cÖ_vMZ I mvgvwRK AwaKvi : Avw`evmx‡`i msiwZ cweÎ-cÖ_vMZ f~wg-ebf~wg-Rjvf~wg-Rjvkq-e„-
‡`e¯’vb-gw›`i-Drme I †gjv GjvKv-cÖv_©bv GjvKv ¯^ ¯^ Avw`evmx‡`i mvgvwRK ixwZ I AvB‡bi gva¨‡g
cwiPvjbv-iv-weKv‡ki Rb¨ AvBbMZfv‡e ¯^xK…wZ I ghv©`v w`‡Z n‡e| Avw`evmx‡`i HwZnvwmK
¯’vbmg~nmn Avw`evmx‡`i wbR¯^ msiwZ GjvKv †Kv‡bvfv‡eB AwaMÖnY Kiv hv‡e bv|
106 m~Î : http://kanakbarman.wordpress.com/2008/12/19/manifesto-of-bnp-2008/
29

5. f~wg †diZ I wg_¨v gvgjv evwZj: Avw`evmx‡`i †e`LjK…Z, Awc©Z kΓ m¤§wZi bv‡g `LjK…Z Rwg,
Rei`Lj nIqv mKj Rwg I f~wg AvBbMZ ¯^xK…wZmn Avw`evmx‡`i gv‡S wdwi‡q w`‡Z n‡e|
Avw`evmx‡`i f~wg msµvš— Avw`evmx‡`i bv‡g `v‡qiK…Z wg_¨v gvgjv Ges ebwefv‡Mi wg_¨v I ev‡bvqvU
gvgjvmg~n evwZj Ki‡Z n‡e| c~‡e© AwaMÖnYK…Z Rwgi Rb¨ c~Yv©½ wZc~iY Ges AwaMÖn‡Yi cvIbv cÖvc¨
UvKv †kva Ki‡Z n‡e|
6. RvZxq I Avš—©RvwZK AvB‡bi ev¯—evqb : Avw`evmx A‡j RvZxq I Avš—RvwZ©K AvBb I mb`‡K gvb¨
K‡i Avw`evmx‡`i c~Y© m¤§wZ Qvov †Kv‡bv evwYwR¨K Lbb, cÖKí, we‡bv`b‡K›`ª ev Dbœqb AeKvVv‡gv M‡o
†Zvjv hv‡e bv|
7. bvixi f~wg AwaKvi : Avw`evmx f~wgi Dci `wi`ª cÖvwš—K bvixi mgAwaKvi cÖwZôv Ki‡Z n‡e|
f~wg‡Kw›`ªK bvixi Kg©cwim‡ii wbivcËv wbwðZ Ki‡Z n‡e|
8. ¯’vbxq KvVv‡gv kw³kvjxKiY : ¯’vbxq BDwbqb cwil`‡K Kvh©Ki I kw³kvjx Kivi gva¨‡g ¯’vbxqfv‡e
f~wgAv`vjZ I f~wgcivgk© †K›`ª ¯’vcb Ki‡Z n‡e| f~wg welqK ¯’vbxq miKvi KvVv‡gv‡Z ¯’vbxq ¯^ ¯^
Avw`evmx mgv‡Ri wbR¯^ kvmb KvVv‡gvi cÖwZwbwa †bZ…Z¡‡K ghv©`vi mv‡_ Aš—©f~³ Ki‡Z n‡e|
9. f~wg cÖwZ‡ek I cwi‡ek : Avw`evmx GjvKvi f~wg‡Z f~wgi cwi‡ek-gvwUi ¯^v¯’¨-cÖwZ‡ek-cÖvY‰ewPΨ bó
nq Ggb †Kv‡bv Dbœqb cÖKí ‡bqvi c~‡e© Avw`evmx‡`i c~Y©m¤§wZ _vK‡Z _vK‡Z n‡e|
10. Lvm Rwgi AwaKvi : ¯’vbxq LvmRwg‡Z Avw`evmx‡`i c~Y© AwaKvi wbwðZ Ki‡Z n‡e| G‡‡Î f~wgnxb
Avw`evmx gyw³‡hv×v cwievi, bvixcÖavb cwievi, f~wg-K…wl-cwi‡ek-ebf~wg I AwaKvi ivi Av‡›`vj‡b
knx` cwievi‡K AMÖvwaKvi w`‡q we‡ePbv Ki‡Z n‡e|
Avgiv Avkv Kwi Avgiv AvjvcwU‡Z mgZj A‡ji Avw`evmx‡`i f~wg mgm¨v, mgm¨vi aiY, Kvib, HwZnvwmKZv,
wKQy mswß weeiY Ges mgm¨v mgvav‡b KiYxq wK n‡Z cv‡i Ggb wKQy cÖ¯—veI nvwRi Ki‡Z †c‡iwQ| AvR‡Ki
AvjvcwU mgZj A‡ji Avw`evmx‡`i f~wg mgm¨v mgvav‡b wKQy wPš—v awi‡q †`qvi m~Îai †Mv‡Qi weeiY| Avgiv
`„pfv‡e cÖZ¨vkv Kwi mgZ‡ji Avw`evmx‡`i f~wg mgm¨v mgvav‡b miKv‡ii cvkvcvwk MYgva¨gmn GK wekvj
bvMwiK mgvRI GB cÖkœnxb weivRgvb mgm¨v mgvav‡b Av‡iv AwaKZi MwZkxj n‡q DV‡e| mgZ‡ji Avw`evmxiv
wb‡R‡`i f~wg‡Kw›`ªK Rxeb `k©b‡K e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z wM‡q e‡jb, ...Avgiv f~wg †_‡K Avwm, Avevi f~wg‡Z wd‡i hvB|
Avgiv Avw`evmx RbM‡Yi †mB Awe¯§iYxq f~wg ¯^cœ I `k©b‡K Qyu‡Z PvB| Avi GwU m¤¢e hw` Avgiv GLb †_‡KB
ivR‰bwZKfv‡e Gi myivnvi Rb¨ cÖ¯‘wZ wbB| mbœ¨vmx we‡`ªvn ( 1763-1800), Iqvnvex Av‡›`vjb ( 1831),
div‡qRx Av‡›`vjb( 1838-48), bxj we‡`ªvn(1859-61), wmivRMÄ K…lKcÖRv we‡`ªvn ( 1872-73), Pzqvi
we‡`ªvn(1770-99), PvKgv we‡`ªvn(1776-87), bv‡qK we‡`ªvn(1806-16), nvZx‡L`v Av‡›`vjb ( 18 kZ‡Ki
†klfvM), cvMjcš’x Av‡›`vjb( 1825-27), †Kvj we‡`ªvn( 1823-1889), wÎcyivi Av‡›`vjb ( 1844-90), ûj
ev mvuIZvj we‡`ªvn( 1855), †gvcjv we‡`ªvn( 1836-96), gyÛv we‡`ªvn ( 1895-1900), wmcvnx we‡`ªvn (1857),
UsK Av‡›`vjb, Lvwmqv we‡`ªvn, †ZfvMv Av‡›`vjb, bvbKvi we‡`ªvn, fvbywej cÖRv¯^Z¡ Av‡›`vjb, Pv evMv‡b nvZeÜ
Av‡›`vjb, B‡KvcvK© we‡ivax Av‡›`vjb, dzjevwo KqjvLwb Av‡›`vjbmn cÖwZw`‡bi hvwcZ Rxe‡b Avgiv
Avw`evmxmn †`‡ki †gnbwZ wbæe‡M©i jovKz i³‡mªvZ enb K‡i P‡jwQ Kvj †_‡K Kv‡j, BwZnvm †_‡K BwZnv‡mi
cv‡b| Avgiv Aek¨B Avw`evmx‡`i ewÂZ f~wg AwaKvi‡K GKw`b mdj K‡i Zzj‡Z cvi‡evB|
exiev›Uv Avw`evmx eqnv-wg‡miv‡Kv
‡` †e‡ir†c †` †Zs‡Mvb‡c
‡Kv¤^‡ov‡Kv nv‡gU AvKvr Av‡evqv Rxqb AvB`vix Avi nvmv wRivZ
jvonvB Kv‡Z‡iun‡evb i“wLqv iƒqvo †Mqv
KzwW-‡UsMb, Av: Avcvwo Avi UvOw&M jv‡migv‡evb R‡Zv RgK‡Z
Rvbvg-nvmv wRivZ iƒqvo jvwMr
wZwiqv avgmv mv‡W iƒqvov‡evb h‡Zv Av‡Zv RvMvI‡i|
Rvbvg-nvmv, iix›`ªbv_ m‡ib
( mvuIZvjx fvlvq †jLv iex›`ªbv_ m‡i‡bi Rvbvg-nvmv KweZvi evsjv gv‡b `vuovq ÔRb¥f~wgÕ| msMÖvgx Avw`evmx fvB †ev‡biv/ †R‡M I‡Vv,
`vuovI/ †Pv‡iiv Avgv‡`i AwaKvi I Rwg RvqMv `Lj K‡i‡Q/nviv‡bv m¤ú` ivi Rb¨ jovB K‡iB Zv iv Ki‡ev/†Kv`vj-Kzovj-Zxi-
30

abyK Avi Uvw½‡Z jvMvI kvb GKmv‡_/wd‡i cvevi Rb¨ Avgv‡`i Rb¥f~wg I nviv‡bv RwgwRivZ/evuwk-gv`j-bvMov Avevi †e‡R DVyK cÖwZ
Avw`evmx MÖv‡g MÖv‡g| KweZvwU AcÖKvwkZ)
...............................................................................................................................................
RvZxq Avw`evmx cwil`, Kv‡cs dvD‡Ûkb I MÖvg weKvk †K›`ª Av‡qvwRZ ÔmgZj A‡ji Avw`evmx RvwZ‡Mvôxi f~wg mgm¨v I mgvav‡b KiYxqÕ kxl©K
†Mvj‡Uwej Av‡jvPbv mfvi g~j cÖeÜ wn‡m‡e ˆZix Kiv n‡q‡Q| 16 †deª“qvwi 2010, wmiWvc wgjbvqZb, XvKv|
31