Sinhala / සිංහල - Berghof Handbook for Conflict Transformation

©2006 Berghof Research Center for Constructive Conflict Management 

www.berghof-handbook.net

218 

ud¾la fyd*auka 

idu iy .egqï n,mEï we.ehSfï l%ufõoh 

ud¾la fyd*auka (Mark Hoffman) 

1' ye¢kaùu 

iS;, hqoaOfha wjidkfha mgka cd;Hka;r m%cdj ls%hdldÍ .egqï wjia:d .Kkdjlg 

uqyqK foñka isà' fïjdg( iS;, hqoaOh iys; cd;Hka;r l%uh wNdjhg hdug fmr mej;s 

È.a.eiqKq .egqï ud,djla ^› ,xldj" ldYaórh" W;=re wh¾,ka;h" ihsm%ih iy ueo fmrÈ.&¦ 

mYapd;a fidaúhÜ idxl%ñl .egqï ^kf.d¾fkd lrndya" fcda¾ðhd$ wí.dishd" fuda,afvdajd$ 

g%dkaiaâkSiaá%hd&¦ wjidkfha§ w;s Nhxlr mú;%lrKhla ^fnda,alka rgj,a& fyda iuQy >d;k 

^rejkavdj& we;s l< m%pKav .egqï¦ ixlS¾K yÈis ;;a;ajhka ^iQvdkh" rejkavdj&¦ iy wjidk 

jYfhka meyeÈ,s foaYmd,k wruqKqj,g m%pKav;ajfha foaYmd,k wd¾Ólhla tla jQ ;;a;ajhla 

^,hsîßhdj" ishrd ,sfhdaka" wekaf.da,dj& we;= ld,Sk iy idïm%odhsl ixj¾Ok jevigyka ieliSu olajdo" hym;a 

md,kh iy isú,a iudcfha úúO jQ yelshdj;a j¾Okh lsÍu" m%j¾Okh lsÍu b,lal lr.;a 

jHdmD;s olajdo me;sr mj;S' miq.sh mia jir mqrd" tjeks h;akj,g wdOdr msKsi ie,lsh hq;= 

yd j¾Okh jk oaúmd¾Yaúl yd nyq md¾Yaúl wruqo,a m%udKhla rdcH fkdjk ixúOdk u.ska 

hjkq ,en ;sfí' fuu uqo,aj,ska jeä m%udKhla ixj¾Ok yd udkqISh rdcH fkdjk ixúOdkj,g 

.,d .sho" ksYaÑ; .egqï ksrdlrKfha iy iduh f.dvke.Sfï jrula iys; jHdmD;sj,g iy$ 

fyda rdcH fkdjk ixúOdk fj;g .,d hk uqo,a m%udKfha jeäùula we;' 

.egqï .;sl;ajh" ixj¾Okh iy udkqISh iyk ie,iSu iy ;sridr iduhla i|yd 

jQ wfmalaId w;r ixlS¾K wka;¾ iïnkaO;dj u; mokï jQ ztlg hd lrk ,oZ taldnoaO 

m%;spdrhka jeä ÈhqKq lsÍfï wjYH;dj ms

;sridr ixj¾Okh jeks idïm%odhsl ks¾foaY wkqj m%Odk m%jdyfha iduh f.dvkeÕ=u b,lal 

fldg f.kh' ixl,am" woyia yd Ndú;fhka udkqISh wdOdr" .egqï úi£u iy iduh f.dvke.Su 

hk idïm%odhsl lafIa;% w;r lf,l mej;s meyeÈ,s udhsï yryd jeä jeäfhka ixl%uKh 

fjñka mj;S' 

flfia fj;;a" fuu m%;spdrhkaf.a wka;¾.;h .eg¨ iy.; fkdù ;snqfKa ke;' 

wekav¾ika ^1999& iaó,S ^1998& iy wfkl=;a whj¨ka ±la jQ mßÈ" fuu jevigyka iy jHdmD;s 

yd tAjd l%shd;aul flfrk wdldrh" l,amj;akd ixj¾Okh iy iduh i|yd jQ wjia:djka 

j¾Okh l< ;rugu" tajdfha iajNdjh ks;ru .egqï .;sl;ajh wjq¨jd we;' ta wkqj" wruqo,a 

fh±jqKq jHdmD;sj, ixLHdj iy mßudKh fukau uqo,a fhojQ uÜgu i,ld n,k l," tjeks 

jHdmD;sj, n,mEu we.ehSfuys úpdrj;a Wkkaÿjla j¾Okhùu mqÿuhg lreKla fkdfõ' W.;a 

mdvï y÷kd.ekSfï § iy fyd| p¾hdjka j¾Okh lr .ekSfï§ fuu m%h;akhka ;ks ;ks 

jevigykaj, yevh fyda wdOdrlrejka ^fvkaud¾la cd;Hka;r ixj¾Okh iyh (DANIDA) 

iy iaùvka cd;Hka;r ixj¾Ok iyfhda.S;d wdh;kh (SIDA) n,kak& u.ska yd ;ks w¾nqo 

;;a;aajhlg ,efnk mq¿,a mrdihl m%;spdrhka ms

220 


• cd;Hka;r ixj¾Okh i|yd jQ wxYh (DFID)/ INTRAC (UK); 

• fïß wekav¾ikaf.a iyfhda.S;d yd ixj¾Okh i|yd jQ ixúOdkh- 

^flaïí%Ê" tlai;a ckmoh& zidu Ndú;h ms

2' idïm%odhsl wdOdrl we.ehSu 

w.ehSu 

rEm igyk 1 jHdmD;s pl%h 

ie,eiau 


we.ehSu ms

222 


jYfhkau wdOdr fokakka úiska fufyhjkq ,nk fuu b,a¨ug m%;spdr jYfhka jD;a;sh 

;lafiarelrejkaf.a l=vd mßudKfha l¾udka;hla ±ka mek ke.S we;' ld,h;a iu. fuu 

jD;a;sh ;lafiarelrejkaf.a fyd|u Ndú;djka m%ñ;s.; l%ufõohla iy kS¾Kdhl moaO;shla 

lrd fhduqjkakla njg taldnoaOùug mgkaf.k we;' DANIDA iy SIDA we.ehSï .Kkdjla 

fuka u OECD ys ixj¾Ok iydhl lñgqfõ (OECD/ DAC) ud¾f.damfoaY mokï lrf.k 

fndfyda úg fhdod.kakd ,o kS¾Klhka jkafka( 

1' n,mEu iy wdjrKh 

fuh jHdmD;s ls%hdud¾.j, m%;sM, jk l,amj;akd fjkialï uek n,hs' tys 

m%Yakhla kÕhs( ls%hdud¾.h l=uk ienE fjkila" ld i|yd lr ;sfío hk m%Yakhg th ms

5' l,amj;akd nj ^;sridr nj& 

fuh wdOdr fokakka wruqo,a iemhSu keje;a jQ miq jHdmD;shl n,mEu ;jÿrg;a 

mej;Sfï m%udKh uek n,hs' th jHdmD;sh flfrys §¾>ld,Sk wjOdkhla fhduq lrjhs" 

tfiau foaYSh n, jHQy .;sl;aj iy iudc m%d.aOkh u;g t,a, úh yels n,mEu W¿mamd 

olajhs' ;jo ndysr ls%hdOrhska iy wNHka;r jHQy" ls%hdj,Ska fyda ixúOdk ^wruqo,a" iïm;a" 

woyia fyda ls%hdj,Ska hk w¾:fhka& u; r\d mj;sk ;;a;ajhla we;s lsÍu iïnkaOfhka 

wjÈfhka isàfï wjYH;dj wjOdrKh lrhs (Ebata 1999). 

6' ix.; nj" iïnkaëlrKh iy wkqmQrl;ajh 


fuys § jevigyka" jHdmD;s fyda ls%hdud¾.j, mrud¾: tlsfklg yriaùu fyda 

tlsfkl wNsnjd hdu fjkqjg tlsfkl Yla;su;a lsÍu iy;sl l< yels wdldrhg" tu jevigyka" 

jHdmD;s fyda ls%hdud¾. ie,iqï fldg ls%hd;aul fldg we;s m%udKh tu we.ehSu uÕska ;lafiare 

flf¾' 

fï tla tla lafIa;%j, ish we.ehSï ms

224 


yÈis wjia:djkays § ,Sia;r rduq ieliSfï§ nyq, jYfhka fhdod.efkk w;r" bkamiq flfrk 

we.ehSïj, § fhdod.ekSug bv ;sfí' tfy;a SPHERE jHdmD;sfha§ o o¾Ylhkaf.ka w;s nyq;rhla 

m%udKd;aul iajNdjhla .kS' fuh w¾O jYfhka ^l+vdrï" T!IO j¾." msßisÿ c,h iy 

ikSmdrlaIK há;, myiqlï iemhSu jeks& udkqISh m%;spdrhkaf.a iajNdjh fmkakqï lrk 

kuq;a" ,Sia;r l%ufõofha iy wdOdr fokakkaf.a ia:djr we.hSï ls%hdj,skays uQ,sl ÿn,;d f,i 

fndfyda fokd i,lk foao fmkakqï lrhs' 

ksielfhkau ,Sia;r Ndú;h hï hï m%fhdack ,ndfohs' th jHdmD;s wruqKq iy 

Wml,amk meyeÈ,s fldg tajd ksYaÑ; ueÈy;aùïj,g wdOdrl jYfhka fhdod.kshs' th 

ie,iqï .; ls%hdud¾. wfmalaIs; m%;sM, iu. iú{dkl f,i noaO lsÍfï wjYH;dj iy iEu 

tlgu wjYH lrk fhoejqïj, j¾.h" mrdih iy m%udKh meyeÈ,sj y÷kd .ekSfï wjYH;dj 

wjOdrKh lrhs' úfYaIfhkau Bg jHdmD;sj, l,ameje;au ms

we;' tjeks m%fõYhla hï ;;a;ajhl wiaÒr nj" ixlS¾K nj iy wka;¾ iïnkaê; nj iy 

Bg ±lafjk m%;spdrhkaf.a mrdih hkdÈh jvd fyd¢ka .%yKh lr.kq we;ehs ;¾l flf¾' 

fya;= M, iïnkaOh flfrys jQ mgq Rcq f¾Åh wjOdkhl isg isÿùï ls%hdj,s iy 

jHQyhka ms

226 


n,mEï fidhd.; hq;af;a fld;ekska±hs ±k .; hq;=j we;" tkï" l=uk iudc ia:dkj,o o" 

wxYj, o yd uÜgïj, o hkakhs' 

fojkqj" iy m

y÷kd .kshs( ia:dkh" ld,h" foaYmd,k ikao¾Nh iy fjk;a m%Odk idOl tajdh' foaYmd,k 

jHQy" ls%hdj,Ska iy in|;d flfrys .egqfï n,mEu" wd¾Ól iy fN!;sl há;, myiqlï 

flfrys tys n,mEu iy udkj yd iudc m%d.aOkh flfrys tys n,mEu we;=¿j fhdað; jHdmD;s 

lafIa;%h ;=< .egqu;a" tys .;slhkq;a tys Wreuhkq;a ms

228 


3 jHdmD;s - mßir wkqrEm;dj 

• jHdmD;shg we;s foaYmd,k iyfhda.S;dfõ uÜgu l=ulao@ fuh m%dfoaYSh" l,dmSh iy cd;sl 

foaymd,k ls%hdOrhska fj;ska fukau Wkkaÿjla olajk wfkl=;a md¾Yajhka ^wdOdr fokakka" 

rdcH ixúOdk" fjk;a rdcH fkdjk ixúOdk& fj;ska ,efnk iydh uek n,hs' ;jÿrg;a 

uek nef,kafka ;ukaf.a ixúOdkh ;=

wju lrk foaYmd,k wd¾Ól kHdh flf¾ n,mEï we;s lf

230 


nqIaf.a jvd ksYaÑ; rduqj mjd iSñ; úia;r m%udKhla ,nd fok fndfyda ÿrg mq¿,a 

iy fmdÿ tlls' ;u m%fõYfha Yla;shla f,i nqIa fuh i,lhs' we.ehSug ,la l< hq;= 

jHdmD;shg jvd iaÒr uQ,sl o¾Ylhka we.ehSï l%u ms

iu. wka;¾ iïnkaO;d mj;ajkafka" Yla;su;a lrkafka fyda hgm;a lrkafka flfiao@ úfYaIs; 

wjia:djl§ wm tla tla wxYhg Èh hq;= idfmalaI jeo.;alu l=ulao@ 

;=kajkqj" iduh f.dvke.Sfï úNjhla we;s ixj¾Ok jHdmD;s yd úfYaIfhka iduh 

f.dvke.Su i|yd jQ jHdmD;s fjka fldg ±laùfï wjYH;dj nqIa f.k yer ±lajqjo" Tyqf.a 

rduqj m

232 


id' .e' n' lafIa;% kso¾Yk 

wd¾Ól jHQyhka iy 

ls%hdj,Ska 

iudc m%;sks¾udKh iy 

iún,lrKh 

iudk jQ iudc wd¾Ól jHQyhka$ ls%hdj,Ska Yla;su;a lsÍu fyda 

ÿ¾j, lsÍu¦ hqo wd¾Ólhka úlD;s lsÍu$ fjkia lsÍu¦ wd¾Ól há;, 

myiqlï¦ uQ,sl NdKav iemhSu¦ wdfhdack m%d.aOkh ,eîu¦ nexl= 

moaO;sh¦ /lshd n,mEu¦ ksIamdok M,odhl;ajh¦ mqyqKqj¦ wdodhï 

W;amdokh¦ fj


fhdackdj fuka" th ksYaÑ; ;;a;ajhka hgf;a .egqï ls%hdldÍ;ajhla ms

234 


fojkqj" we;a; jYfhkau .egqï ;;a;ajhl fjkia jQ wxY ;=< jQ .;sl;ajh 

y÷kdf.k úYaf,aIKh lsÍug yelsùu jeo.;a jk w;r" tajd w;r wka;¾ .;sl;ajh úYaf,aIKh 

lsÍu o t;rï u jeo.;ah' fuda,afvdajdj ms

fojkqj" úYaf,aIKfha Wmdhsl uÜgu ms

236 


oDIaáfhka tfia lrkjdg jvd ks;ru wdOdr fokakkaf.a oDIaáfhka tfia lrk neúks' 

ARIA ys kj;dj jkafka th zls%hdkaú; we.ehSï l%ufõohZ úfYaIfhkau Ndú; lsÍuhs' 

ARIA jHdmD;sfha wruqK jkafka z.egqï úi£fï ls%hdud¾. we.ehSu i|yd ikao¾Nuh 

jYfhka iqÿiq úêl%uZ ilia lsÍuhs (Rothman 1998, 119). fuu m%fõYhkayg .egqï úi£fï 

wdo¾Yu;a jákdlï iy mrud¾:j,g wkql+, jk iy idOl jk kj l%ufõo wjYH fõ hehs 

frd;auka ;¾l lrhs' w.ehSï ls%hdj,Ska iy .egqï úi÷ï w;r Ndú;djka wkka;r iïnkaOhla 

f.dvkeÕSug jHdmD;sh W;aidy lrhs' t u.ska m

ls%hd;aul lsÍfï ixúOdkj,g idfmalaIj o wdOdr fokafkl= fj; ;sìh yels úúO kHdh 

m;% iy wruqKq meyeÈ,s lsÍug WmldÍ fõ' 

fojeks ia;rh - ueÈy;aùu ms

238 


fmkajd fok mßÈ" ARIA ls%hd;aul flfrk lsisu jHdmD;shla fuf;la —jHdmD;shl id¾:l;ajh 

we.ehSu i|yd meyeÈ,s m%ñ;Ska bÈßm;a lrk˜ ;;a;ajhg jeä ÈhqKq ù ke; (Ross and Rothman 

1999). tfy;a myiqlï i,ik ,o m%Yak úi£fï jevuq¿ u.ska kso¾Ykd;aulj fmkajk ,o 

ksYaÑ; j¾.hkays ueÈy;aùïj, ksYaÑ; iajNdjh iu. noaO jQ wkqudks; kS¾Kdhlhkays iajNdjh 

wjfndaO lr.ekSu ÿIalr fkdjkq we; ^j.=j n,kak&' 

fldgqj 3 

myiqlï i,ik ,o m%Yak úi£fï jevuq¿ i|yd wdikak 

we.ehSï kS¾Kdhlhka jevuq¿jg bÈßhg hd yels m%udKh 

1' wka;¾-ls%hdldÍ .egqï úYaf,aIKh j¾Okh lsÍu¦ 

2' md¾Yaj w;r in|;dj j¾Okh¦ 

3' md¾Yaj w;r j¾ê; ikaksfõok Èßu;a lsÍu¦ 

4' wOHdmksl ld¾hNdrhla bgq lsÍu$ woyia ixl,am" ls%hdj,Ska yqjudrej¦ 

5' fmr-.súiqï ld¾hNdrhla bgq lsÍu¦ 

6' iu:h i|yd leue;a; j¾Okh lsÍu¦ 

7' .súiqï ls%hdj,sfha § iydhùu¦ 

8' .súiqï tlÕ;d ls%hd;aul lsÍug iydh ùu¦ 

(Source: Hoffman 1995, 16-17) 

flfia jqjo nqIa iy INTRAC úiska bÈßm;a lrk ,o l%ufõohkays § fuka" ARIA 

jHdmD;sh o uQ,sl fyda ks¾foaYd;aul kS¾Kdhl bÈßm;a lsÍfï§ mÍCIHldÍh' ta fjkqjg 

thska ;¾l lrkafka fïjd ueÈy;aùu i|yd ksYaÑ; úh hq;= nj yd" jHdmD;shg iyNd.sjkakka 

fj;ska fïjd fyd¢ka Wlyd .kq ,nk njhs' tjeks m%fõYhla jvd;a úia;rd;aul" ishqï iy 

h:d¾:jd§ kS¾Kdhlhka bÈßm;a lrkq fukau jHdmD;shl ksr; ish¨ fokd ;=< lemùula we;s 

lrk njo Tjqyq ;¾l lr;s' 

l%shd;aul jk ueÈy;aùfï j¾.h wkqj kS¾Kdhlhka .


fldgqj 4 ( 

.egqï ksrdlrK jHdmD;ska i|yd ARIA ys úia;r flfrk m%ñ;Ska ( 

§¾> ld,Sk m%;sM, b,lal ( 

1' wdh;k.; lsÍu ( foaYSh yelshdjka j¾Okh lrkak" jev iaa:dhSlrK iy 

.eUqre lrk jHQy ia:dms; lsÍu 

2' kskakdoj;a nj ( úfYaIs; iQCIu uÜgfï ueÈy;aùï flf¾ n,mEu fya;=fjka 

tajd mq¿,a iudch ;=< kskakdo fjhs' 

3' iQpkh ( ckjd¾.sl wd;;Skag ms

240 


fïjdhska m


jk wdl%uKYs,S nj fmkakqï lrhs' th wxl=r m%fõYhka ienE ;;a;ajhkag ieneúkau fhdokq 

,nk isoaëka ixLHdj jeäùu wjOdrKh lrhs' th › ,xldj ms

242 


ysÕlu úiska wjidkfha§ jvd mq¿,a" jvd fmdÿ Wmdhsl uÜgfï úYaf,aIKhla u; muK 

blaujd /£ isàug u. mE§uhs' 

;=kajekak jkafka ikao¾N" ;;a;aj iy jgmsgd ms


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Approach: A Flexible Tool for Participatory Development, Copenhagen: DANIDA. 

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.egqï ixiaf,aYKh iy .egqï jHdj¾;kh ;lafiare lsÍu 

243

244 

ud¾la fyd*auka

Sinhala / සිංහල - Berghof Handbook for Conflict Transformation

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