Предисловие - Berghof Handbook for Conflict Transformation
Предисловие - Berghof Handbook for Conflict Transformation
Предисловие - Berghof Handbook for Conflict Transformation
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<strong>Предисловие</strong><br />
РОССИЙСКАЯ АКАДЕМИЯ НАУК<br />
Russian Academy of Sciences<br />
ИНСТИТУТ ЭТНОЛОГИИ И<br />
АНТРОПОЛОГИИ<br />
им. Н.Н. МИКЛУХО-МАКЛАЯ<br />
N.N. Miklouho-Maclay<br />
Institute of Ethnology and<br />
Anthropology<br />
БЕРГХОФСКИЙ<br />
ИССЛЕДОВАТЕЛЬСКИЙ<br />
ЦЕНТР КОНСТРУКТИВНОГО<br />
УРЕГУЛИРОВАНИЯ<br />
КОНФЛИКТОВ<br />
<strong>Berghof</strong> Research Center <strong>for</strong><br />
Constructive <strong>Conflict</strong><br />
Management<br />
www.berghof-handbook.net<br />
Civil Society • <strong>Conflict</strong> Settlement • <strong>Conflict</strong> Resolution • Crisis Prevention •<br />
Development Cooperation • Human Rights • Humanitarian Assistance • Just Peace •<br />
Multi-Track • Peacebuilding • Peace Constituencies • Peacekeeping • Peacemaking •<br />
ЭТНОПОЛИТИЧЕСКИЙ КОНФЛИКТ: ПУТИ ТРАНСФОРМАЦИИ:<br />
Post НАСТОЛЬНАЯ <strong>Conflict</strong> Rehabilitation КНИГА • Civil БЕРГХОФСКОГО Society • <strong>Conflict</strong> ЦЕНТРА Settlement • <strong>Conflict</strong> Resolution<br />
Trans<strong>for</strong>ming Ethnopolitical <strong>Conflict</strong>: The <strong>Berghof</strong> <strong>Handbook</strong><br />
• Crisis Prevention • Development Cooperation • Human Rights • Humanitarian<br />
Assistance • Just Peace • Multi-Track • Peacebuilding • Peace Constituencies •<br />
Peacekeeping • Peacemaking • Post <strong>Conflict</strong> Rehabilitation • Civil Society • <strong>Conflict</strong><br />
Settlement • <strong>Conflict</strong> Resolution • Crisis Prevention • Development Cooperation •<br />
Human Rights • Humanitarian Assistance • Just Peace • Multi-Track • Peacebuilding<br />
• Peace Constituencies • Peacekeeping • Peacemaking • Post <strong>Conflict</strong> Rehabilitation<br />
• Civil<br />
© Бергхофский<br />
Society • <strong>Conflict</strong><br />
исследовательский<br />
Settlement •<br />
центр<br />
<strong>Conflict</strong><br />
конструктивного<br />
Resolution • Crisis<br />
урегулирования<br />
Prevention •<br />
конфликтов, Институт этнологии и антропологии им. Н.Н. Миклухо-Маклая<br />
РАН, 2007<br />
Development<br />
© Зимина Л.,<br />
Cooperation<br />
Кулакова Н.,<br />
• Human<br />
перевод<br />
Rights<br />
на русский<br />
• Humanitarian<br />
язык, 2007<br />
Assistance • Just Peace •<br />
© Редакционно-издательское оформление. Издательство «Наука», 2007<br />
Multi-Track • Peacebuilding • Peace Constituencies • Peacekeeping • Peacemaking •<br />
Post <strong>Conflict</strong> Rehabilitation • Civil Society • <strong>Conflict</strong> Settlement • <strong>Conflict</strong> Resolution<br />
• Crisis Prevention • Development Cooperation • Human Rights • Humanitarian<br />
Assistance • Just Peace • Multi-Track • Peacebuilding • Peace Constituencies •
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ÅÂapple„ıÓÙÒÍËÈ ËÒÒΉӂ‡ÚÂθÒÍËÈ ˆÂÌÚapple ÔÓ ÍÓÌÒÚappleÛÍÚË‚ÌÓÏÛ Ûapple„ÛÎËappleÓ‚‡Ì˲<br />
ÍÓÌÙÎËÍÚÓ‚ ‚˚ÔÛÒÚËÎ ‚ Ò‚ÂÚ ‰‡ÌÌÛ˛ “ç‡ÒÚÓθÌÛ˛ ÍÌË„Û” ‚ ÔÓÏÓ˘¸ ÚÂÏ, ÍÚÓ ÚappleÛ-<br />
‰ËÚÒfl ̇‰ apple‡Áapple¯ÂÌËÂÏ ÍÓÌÙÎËÍÚÓ‚ ÌÂÔÓÒapple‰ÒÚ‚ÂÌÌÓ ‚ ÁÓ̇ı ‚ÓÂÌÌ˚ı ‰ÂÈÒÚ‚ËÈ Ë<br />
‚Ì Ëı. 燯‡ ˆÂθ – ‰‡Ú¸ Ó·ÁÓapple ÒÓ‚appleÂÏÂÌÌ˚ı ‰ÓÒÚËÊÂÌËÈ ‚ ÒÙÂapple Úapple‡ÌÒÙÓappleχˆËË<br />
ÍÓÌÙÎËÍÚ‡ Ë Ôapple‰ÒÚ‡‚ËÚ¸ ‚Á„Îfl‰˚ Í‡Í ÚÂÓappleÂÚËÍÓ‚ Ë Ôapple‡ÍÚËÍÓ‚, Ú‡Í Ë ˝ÍÒÔÂappleÚÓ‚ ‚<br />
apple‡ÁÌ˚ı ӷ·ÒÚflı, Ò‚flÁ‡ÌÌ˚ı Ò apple‡·ÓÚÓÈ ‚ÌÛÚappleË Ë ‚Ì ÁÓÌ ÍÓÌÙÎËÍÚ‡.<br />
èÓ‰„ÓÚӂ͇ “ç‡ÒÚÓθÌÓÈ ÍÌË„Ë” Ôappleӯ· ÌÂÒÍÓθÍÓ ÒÚ‡‰ËÈ. Ç̇˜‡Î ˝ÚÓ ·˚·<br />
ÒÂappleËfl ÒÚ‡ÚÂÈ, ÔÓfl‚Îfl‚¯ËıÒfl ̇ ËÌÚÂapple‡ÍÚË‚ÌÓÏ ‚·-Ò‡ÈÚ ÔÓ ‡‰appleÂÒÛ www.berghofhandbook.net.<br />
ë‡ÈÚ ·˚Î Á‡‰ÛÏ‡Ì ‰Îfl “Ó·apple‡ÚÌÓÈ Ò‚flÁË” Ò ˜ËÚ‡ÚÂÎflÏË Ë ‰Îfl ‰ËÒÍÛÒÒËÈ<br />
ÔÓ ÚÂÏ‡Ï Ë ÒÓ‰ÂappleʇÌ˲ ÒÚ‡ÚÂÈ. éÚÍÎËÍË ˜ËÚ‡ÚÂÎÂÈ, ÌÓ‚˚ ÒÚ‡Ú¸Ë Ë ÍÓÏÏÂÌÚ‡appleËË<br />
ÔÓÒÚÓflÌÌÓ ÔÓÔÓÎÌfl˛Ú ̇¯ Ò·ÓappleÌËÍ, ‚ ÍÓÚÓappleÓÏ ÓÚapple‡Ê‡ÂÚÒfl ÒÓ‚appleÂÏÂÌÌÓ apple‡Á‚ËÚËÂ<br />
ÚÂÓappleËË Ë Ôapple‡ÍÚËÍË Úapple‡ÌÒÙÓappleχˆËË ÍÓÌÙÎËÍÚ‡. á‡ÚÂÏ Ï˚ apple¯ËÎË ÒÓÁ‰‡Ú¸ “Ú‚Âapple‰Û˛<br />
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Ó‰ÌÓÈ Ó·ÎÓÊÍÓÈ ‚Ò Ëϲ˘ËÂÒfl χÚÂappleˇÎ˚.<br />
å˚ ·Î‡„Ó‰‡appleÌ˚ ÍÓÎ΄‡Ï ‚Ó ‚ÒÂÏ ÏËapple Á‡ ˝ÌÚÛÁˇÁÏ, Ò Í‡ÍËÏ ÓÌË ‚ÓÒÔappleËÌflÎË<br />
̇¯Û ËÌˈˇÚË‚Û Ë ÓÚÌÂÒÎËÒ¸ Í ÔappleÓÒ¸·Â ̇ÔËÒ‡Ú¸ ÒÚ‡Ú¸Ë ‚ ̇ÒÚÓfl˘ËÈ Ò·ÓappleÌËÍ. ùÚÓ<br />
ÓÔ˚ÚÌ˚ Ôapple‡ÍÚËÍË Ë Û˜ÂÌ˚Â, apple‡Áapple‡·‡Ú˚‚‡˛˘Ë ËÌÓ‚‡ˆËÓÌÌ˚ ‡ÒÔÂÍÚ˚ Ë/ËÎË Íβ˜Â‚˚Â<br />
ÔappleÓ·ÎÂÏ˚ Úapple‡ÌÒÙÓappleχˆËË ÍÓÌÙÎËÍÚÓ‚. éÌË ÒÔapple‡‚ËÎËÒ¸ Ò ÚappleÛ‰ÌÓÈ Á‡‰‡˜ÂÈ –<br />
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ÚÂappleˇ·. ÅÂÁ Ëı Á̇ÌËÈ, ˆÂÎÂÛÒÚappleÂÏÎÂÌÌÓÒÚË Ë ÔËÒ‡ÚÂθÒÍÓ„Ó Ï‡ÒÚÂappleÒÚ‚‡ “ç‡ÒÚÓθ-<br />
̇fl ÍÌË„‡” Ì ÒÏӄ· ·˚ ÔÓfl‚ËÚ¸Òfl ̇ Ò‚ÂÚ. å˚ ·Î‡„Ó‰‡appleËÏ ‚ÒÂı ‡‚ÚÓappleÓ‚, Ôapple‰ÓÒÚ‡-<br />
‚Ë‚¯Ëı Ò‚ÓË apple‡·ÓÚ˚ Í‡Í ‰Îfl ËÌÚÂappleÌÂÚÓ‚ÒÍÓÈ, Ú‡Í Ë ‰Îfl Úapple‡‰ËˆËÓÌÌÓÈ, Ô˜‡ÚÌÓÈ<br />
‚ÂappleÒËË “ç‡ÒÚÓθÌÓÈ ÍÌË„Ë”. 燉ÂÂÏÒfl, ˜ÚÓ Ì‡Ï Û‰‡ÒÚÒfl ÛÒÚ‡ÌÓ‚ËÚ¸ ÔÓÒÚÓflÌÌ˚È ‰Ë-<br />
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ÔÓÎÓÊÂÌËfl ̇¯ÂÈ ‰ËÒˆËÔÎËÌ˚.<br />
í‡ÍËÏ Ó·apple‡ÁÓÏ, ‚ ˝ÚÓÈ ÍÌË„Â ÔÓÏ¢ÂÌ˚ ÒÚ‡Ú¸Ë, ‚˚ÔÛ˘ÂÌÌ˚ ̇ Ò‡ÈÚ ‰Ó ÒÂappleÂ-<br />
‰ËÌ˚ 2003 „. é̇ ÌË ‚ ÍÓÂÏ ÒÎÛ˜‡Â Ì Ôapple‰ÒÚ‡‚ÎflÂÚ ÒÓ·ÓÈ “ÍÓ̘Ì˚È ÔÛÌÍÚ” – ˝ÚÓ<br />
Î˯¸ ÔappleÓÏÂÊÛÚÓ˜Ì˚È ˝Ú‡Ô, Ë·Ó ÅÂapple„ıÓÙÒÍËÈ ˆÂÌÚapple ̇ÏÂappleÂÌ apple‡Á‚Ë‚‡Ú¸ ÔappleÓÂÍÚ “ç‡-<br />
ÒÚÓθ̇fl ÍÌË„‡”. Ç ‰‡Î¸ÌÂȯÂÏ Ï˚ Ô·ÌËappleÛÂÏ: ‡) Ó·ÒÛ‰ËÚ¸ ̇ ÌÓ‚ÓÏ ˝Ú‡Ô ÓÒÌÓ‚-<br />
Ì˚ ÚÂÏ˚ Ë ÔappleÓ·ÎÂÏ˚, Á‡ÚappleÓÌÛÚ˚ ‚ ‰‡ÌÌÓÈ ÍÌË„Â; ·) ÔappleÓ‚ÂÒÚË ‰Â·‡Ú˚ Ë ‰Ë‡ÎÓ„Ë ÔÓ<br />
ÔappleÓ·ÎÂχÏ, Ôapple‰ÒÚ‡‚Îfl˛˘ËÏ ÒÓ·ÓÈ ÒÙÂapple˚ ÓÒÓ·Ó„Ó ËÌÚÂappleÂÒ‡ Ë Á̇˜ÂÌËfl; ‚) apple‡Áapple‡-<br />
·ÓÚ‡Ú¸ ÌÓ‚˚ ‚ÓÁÏÓÊÌÓÒÚË ËÌÚÂapple‡ÍÚË‚ÌÓ„Ó Ó·˘ÂÌËfl ̇ ̇¯ÂÏ ‚·-Ò‡ÈÚÂ.<br />
èÓ˝ÚÓÏÛ Ï˚ Ôapple˄·¯‡ÂÏ ‰appleÛÁÂÈ, ÍÓÎ΄ Ë ‚ÒÂı, ÍÚÓ ËÌÚÂappleÂÒÛÂÚÒfl ÔappleÓ·ÎÂχÏË<br />
‡Ì‡ÎËÁ‡ Ë ÏËappleÌ˚ı Ôapple‡ÍÚËÍ ‚ ӷ·ÒÚË ˝ÚÌÓÔÓÎËÚ˘ÂÒÍÓ„Ó ÍÓÌÙÎËÍÚ‡, ‚appleÂÏfl ÓÚ ‚appleÂ-<br />
ÏÂÌË ÔÓÒ¢‡Ú¸ ̇¯Û ‰Óχ¯Ì˛˛ ÒÚapple‡ÌËˆÛ Ë Ò ÔÓÏÓ˘¸˛ ÓÔˆËË ÔÓËÒ͇ “˜ÚÓ ÌÓ‚Ó„Ó”<br />
̇ıÓ‰ËÚ¸ ÌÓ‚˚ ÒÚ‡Ú¸Ë Ë ÍÓÔËappleÓ‚‡Ú¸ Ëı ̇ Ò‚ÓË ÍÓÏÔ¸˛ÚÂapple˚.<br />
Ç ·Û‰Û˘ÂÏ ‰Â·‡Ú˚ Ë ‰ËÒÍÛÒÒËË ·Û‰ÛÚ ÔappleÓËÒıÓ‰ËÚ¸ ‚ ÙÓappleÏ “ÚÂÍÛ˘ÂÈ apple‡·ÓÚ˚”,<br />
ÔÓ‰Ó·ÌÓ ‰Â·‡Ú‡Ï ÔÓ “éˆÂÌÍ ‚ÓÁ‰ÂÈÒÚ‚Ëfl ÏËapple‡ Ë ÍÓÌÙÎËÍÚ‡”, ̇˜‡Ú˚Ï ‚ ÔÂapple‚ÓÈ<br />
10
èapple‰ËÒÎÓ‚ËÂ<br />
‚ÂappleÒËË “ç‡ÒÚÓθÌÓÈ ÍÌË„Ë”. ùÚ‡ ‰ËÒÍÛÒÒËfl ÛÊ ÓÔÛ·ÎËÍÓ‚‡Ì‡ ÅÂapple„ıÓÙÒÍËÏ ˆÂÌÚappleÓÏ<br />
(A. Austin, M. Fischer, O. Wils (eds.), Peace and <strong>Conflict</strong> Impact Assessment. Critical<br />
Views on Theory and Practice, <strong>Berghof</strong> <strong>Handbook</strong> Dialogue Series, <strong>Berghof</strong> Research Center<br />
<strong>for</strong> Constructive <strong>Conflict</strong> Management. Berlin, 2003). Ç ‰‡ÌÌÓÏ Ê ҷÓappleÌËÍ ÔÓÏ¢Â̇<br />
ÚÓθÍÓ ÔÂapple‚Ó̇˜‡Î¸Ì‡fl apple‡·ÓÚ‡ ÔÓ ˝ÚÓÈ ÚÂÏ – ÒÚ‡Ú¸fl å. ïÓÙÙχ̇.<br />
å˚ ‚˚apple‡Ê‡ÂÏ „ÎÛ·ÓÍÛ˛ ÔappleËÁ̇ÚÂθÌÓÒÚ¸ ÚÂÏ Û˜appleÂʉÂÌËflÏ Ë Óapple„‡ÌËÁ‡ˆËflÏ,<br />
ÍÓÚÓapple˚ Ó͇Á‡ÎË ÙË̇ÌÒÓ‚Û˛ ÔÓ‰‰ÂappleÊÍÛ ÔappleË ÔÛ·ÎË͇ˆËË “ç‡ÒÚÓθÌÓÈ ÍÌË„Ë”, ÓÒÓ-<br />
·ÂÌÌÓ ÅÂapple„ıÓÙÒÍÓÏÛ ÙÓÌ‰Û ËÒÒΉӂ‡ÌËÈ ÍÓÌÙÎËÍÚ‡ (<strong>Berghof</strong> Stiftung für<br />
Konflikt<strong>for</strong>schung) Ë ÉÂappleχÌÒÍÓÏÛ Ù‰Âapple‡Î¸ÌÓÏÛ ÏËÌËÒÚÂappleÒÚ‚Û Ó·apple‡ÁÓ‚‡ÌËfl Ë Ì‡ÛÍË<br />
(Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung).<br />
ç‡ÍÓ̈, Ï˚ ıÓÚËÏ Ôӷ·„Ó‰‡appleËÚ¸ ‚ÒÂı ÚÂı, ÍÚÓ Á‡ ‚appleÂÏfl apple‡·ÓÚ˚ ̇‰ ÔappleÓÂÍÚÓÏ<br />
ÔappleËÒÓ‰ËÌËÎÒfl Í „appleÛÔÔ ‡‚ÚÓappleÓ‚ Ë ËÁ‰‡ÚÂÎÂÈ “ç‡ÒÚÓθÌÓÈ ÍÌË„Ë”, ÍÓÎ΄‡Ï, ÍÓÚÓapple˚Â<br />
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ÔÂapple‚Ó„Ó ËÁ‰‡ÌËfl. éÒÓ·‡fl ·Î‡„Ó‰‡appleÌÓÒÚ¸ – ̇¯ÂÏÛ ÒÓapple‰‡ÍÚÓappleÛ, Ä. éÒÚËÌÛ, ‡ Ú‡ÍÊÂ<br />
ä.-Ñ. LJÈθ‰Û, ê. òÚ‡È̂„Û, é. ì‡ËÎÒÛ, ä. å‡Í͇appleÚÌË, ï. äappleÓÛË, ä. ïÂÎÏıÂÌ,<br />
ù. å‡ÌÚÓÌÛ, Ä. î˯Âapple Ë ì. ïÂÒÒÂ.<br />
å‡appleÚË̇ î˯Âapple Ë çÓapple·ÂappleÚ êÓÔÂappleÒ,<br />
ÅÂappleÎËÌ – äÓÎÓÏ·Ó, 20 ˲Îfl 2003 „.<br />
ꇷÓÚ‡ ̇‰ appleÛÒÒÍËÏ ËÁ‰‡ÌËÂÏ “ç‡ÒÚÓθÌÓÈ ÍÌË„Ë” ·˚· ̇˜‡Ú‡ ‚ ÒÓÚappleÛ‰Ì˘ÂÒÚ-<br />
‚ ÅÂapple„ıÓÙÒÍÓ„Ó ˆÂÌÚapple‡ Ò ñÂÌÚappleÓÏ ÔÓ apple‡Áapple¯ÂÌ˲ ÍÓÌÙÎËÍÚÓ‚ (ä‡Á‡ıÒÚ‡Ì, ‰ËappleÂÍ-<br />
ÚÓapple Ö. 뇉ӂÒ͇fl), Á‡ÚÂÏ ÔappleÓ‰ÓÎÊÂ̇ Ë Á‡‚Âapple¯Â̇ ‚ apple‡Ï͇ı ÒÓ‚ÏÂÒÚÌÓ„Ó ÔappleÓÂÍÚ‡<br />
ÅÂapple„ıÓÙÒÍÓ„Ó ˆÂÌÚapple‡ Ë àÌÒÚËÚÛÚ‡ ˝ÚÌÓÎÓ„ËË Ë ‡ÌÚappleÓÔÓÎÓ„ËË êÄç. éÒÛ˘ÂÒÚ‚ÎÂÌËÂ<br />
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