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Proceedings 2011. (2012), Vol 3, ISSN 1986-8146<br />

www.sportkon.com<br />

UTICAJ PLIOMETRIJSKOG TRENINGA NA RAZVOJ<br />

EKSPLOZIVNE SNAGE NOGU<br />

INFLUENCE OF PLYOMETRIC TRAINING ON THE<br />

DEVELOPMENT OF LEG EXPLOSIVE STRENGTH<br />

PRELIMINARY REPORT<br />

PRETHODNO SAOP[TENJE<br />

Aleksandar Draganović 1 and Sa{a Markovi} 1<br />

1<br />

Student master studija, Fakultet fizičkog vaspitanja i sporta, Univezitet Banja Luka,<br />

Bos<strong>na</strong> i Hercegovi<strong>na</strong><br />

Master student, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, University of Banja Luka,<br />

Bosnia and Herzegovi<strong>na</strong><br />

PRELIMINARY REPORT<br />

PRETHODNO SAOP[TENJE<br />

UDK: 796.012.114<br />

Summary<br />

During the six weeks’ experimental period, junior basketball<br />

players were divided into two groups, experimental and the<br />

control one, and respectively submitted to different training<br />

treatments. Along the regular technical and tactical trainings,<br />

experimental group also trained twice a week according to<br />

the model of plyometric training. Control group did only<br />

technical and tactical trainings during the same period. The<br />

purpose of this research was to test the influence of the<br />

plyometric training on the explosive muscle strength of leg<br />

muscle extensors. Three main variables were observed during<br />

the test, represented by three tests of motoric abilities.<br />

Examinees were tested in following disciplines: 20 meters<br />

sprint, triple jump and a vertical jump from the standstill<br />

(Sergeant Test). By comparing the results of initial and fi<strong>na</strong>l<br />

measurements, the improvement in all three tests in the<br />

control group is clearly visible due to the influence of plyometric<br />

training. The importance in 20 meters sprint test and<br />

the Sergeant test is one hundred percent (p=.00). The research<br />

has confirmed the positive influence of plyometric training<br />

on the development of junior basketball players’ muscle<br />

extensors explosive strength.<br />

Key words: plyometric, stretch-shortening cycle, junior<br />

basketball players, explosive strength<br />

Introduction<br />

Plyometrics represents a method for explosive strength development.<br />

Many sportspersons and trainers have noticed<br />

the improvements due to plyometric exercises, so they<br />

became integral part of their training programs as well as the<br />

important factor in program making and development. The<br />

principle lying behind the plyometrics is the sudden strength<br />

increase. For example, one of the typical plyometric exercises<br />

is consecutive vertical jump, as well as depth jumps.<br />

The method is called plyometrics, i.e. plyometric training<br />

(lat. ply =increase; Eng. metric). Plyometric training uses the<br />

gravity force to create sudden muscle extension during the<br />

landing in order to create potential elastic energy to perform<br />

Sažetak<br />

U periodu od {est nedelja, ko{arka{i juniorskog uzrasta<br />

podjeljeni u dvije grupe, eksperimentalnu i kontrolnu, bili<br />

su podvrgnuti različitim tre<strong>na</strong>žnim tretmanima. Eksperimental<strong>na</strong><br />

grupa je pored redovnih tehničko-taktičkih <strong>treninga</strong>,<br />

trenirala i po modelu <strong>pliometrijskog</strong> <strong>treninga</strong> dva puta<br />

sedmično. Kontrol<strong>na</strong> grupa u istom periodu imala je samo<br />

tehničko-taktičke treninge. Cilja ovog istraživanja bilo je<br />

testiranje <strong>uticaj</strong>a sadržaja <strong>pliometrijskog</strong> <strong>treninga</strong> <strong>na</strong> eksplozivnu<br />

s<strong>na</strong>gu mi{ića opružača <strong>nogu</strong>. U toku eksperimenta<br />

posmatrane su tri varijable, odnosno tri motorička testa.<br />

Ispitanici su testirani <strong>na</strong>: sprint <strong>na</strong> 20 m, troskok i skok u vis<br />

iz mjesta (Sardžent test). Upoređivanjem rezultata sa inicijalnih<br />

i fi<strong>na</strong>lnih mjerenja jasno se uočava poboljšanje rezultat<br />

<strong>na</strong> sva tri testa kontrolne grupe, zbog <strong>uticaj</strong>a <strong>pliometrijskog</strong><br />

<strong>treninga</strong>. U testovima sprint <strong>na</strong> 20 m i Sardžent testu postignuta<br />

z<strong>na</strong>čajnost je stoprocent<strong>na</strong> (p=0,00). Istraživanje je<br />

potvrdilo pozitivan <strong>uticaj</strong> <strong>pliometrijskog</strong> metoda <strong>treninga</strong> <strong>na</strong><br />

<strong>razvoj</strong> <strong>eksplozivne</strong> s<strong>na</strong>ge opružača ko{arka{a juniora.<br />

Ključne riječi: pliometrija, ciklus izduživanja i skraćivanja,<br />

ko{arka{i juniori, eksploziv<strong>na</strong> s<strong>na</strong>ga<br />

Uvod<br />

Pliometrija je metod za razvijanje <strong>eksplozivne</strong> s<strong>na</strong>ge. Mnogi<br />

sportisti i treneri su uvidjeli pobolj{anja svojih sposobnosti<br />

zahvaljujući pliometrijskim vježbama, tako da su pliometrijske<br />

vježbe integrisali u svoje trening-programe gdje su<br />

postali z<strong>na</strong>čajan faktor u planiranju i pravljenju programa.<br />

Princip koji stoji iza pliometrije je <strong>na</strong>gli porast s<strong>na</strong>ge. Na<br />

primjer, tipič<strong>na</strong> pliometrijska vježba je uzastopno skakanje<br />

u vis, kao i dubinski skokovi. Metoda se <strong>na</strong>ziva pliometrija,<br />

odnosno pliometrijski trening (lat. ply = povećanje; engl.<br />

metric = mera). Pliometrijski trening iskori{ćava silu gravitacije<br />

za brzo istezanje mi{ića pri doskoku da bi se pri tome<br />

stvorila potencijal<strong>na</strong> elastič<strong>na</strong> energija za {to efikasniju rea-<br />

183


Draganovi}, A. & Markovi', S.: INFLUENCE OF PLYOMETRIC TRAINING ... Proceedings 2011, 183–188<br />

PRELIMINARY REPORT<br />

PRETHODNO SAOP[TENJE<br />

the landing concentric phase as efficiently as possible. The<br />

basic purpose of plyometric training is the development of<br />

as greater as possible reactive force.<br />

Plyometric exercises are important for the training process<br />

because they use all the aptitudes of the muscle stretchshortening<br />

cycle (SSC). Elastic muscle components are capable<br />

to storage energy during the stretch phase (landing),<br />

so that energy can be used during the muscle contraction<br />

phase (i.e. landing shortening). The SSC was discovered<br />

during the realization that body parts are constantly submitted<br />

to stretch force. Running, walking and jumping are<br />

typical examples of human movement, which show how<br />

exter<strong>na</strong>l forces (gravity force) stretch muscles. During the<br />

stretch phase, the muscle operates in an eccentric way, and<br />

afterwards in a concentric one. In the eccentric phase, the<br />

muscles have to be active during the stretching. The combi<strong>na</strong>tion<br />

of the eccentric and concentric muscle action makes<br />

<strong>na</strong>tural feature of muscle function called stretch-shortening<br />

cycle (SSC) (Norman & Komi 1979; Komi 1984, 2000). This<br />

type of muscle function also includes the phase of pre-activation.<br />

SSC has clearly expressed function of performance<br />

increase during the fi<strong>na</strong>l phase (concentric contractions) in<br />

comparison to isolated concentric contractions. When the<br />

period between stretching and shortening is different, there<br />

is also a difference between the created forces of SSC of<br />

knee extension. When there is no pause between the contractions,<br />

the greater force is clearly visible in the concentric<br />

phase.<br />

From all above mentioned, it can be concluded that the<br />

purpose of this work is to determine to what extent plyometric<br />

training influences the development of junior basketball<br />

players’ muscle extensors explosive strength.<br />

lizaciju koncentrične faze odskoka. Osnov<strong>na</strong> svrha <strong>pliometrijskog</strong><br />

<strong>treninga</strong> jeste <strong>razvoj</strong> {to veće reaktivne sile.<br />

Pliometrijske vježbe su z<strong>na</strong>čajne za tre<strong>na</strong>žni proces zbog<br />

toga jer koriste pogodnosti ciklusa izduživanja i skraćivanja<br />

(Stretch-Shortening Cycle – SSC) u mi{ićima. Elastič<strong>na</strong> komponenta<br />

mi{ića je u mogućnosti da uskladi{ti energiju za<br />

vrijeme istezanja (doskoka), pa se ta energija može koristiti<br />

za vrijeme kontrakcije mi{ića (skraćivanja tj. odraza). Do SSC<br />

se do{lo iz zapažanja da su dijelovi tijela konstantno izloženi<br />

<strong>uticaj</strong>u sila rastezanja. Trčanje, hodanje i skakanje su tipični<br />

primjeri u ljudskom kretanju, kako spolja{nja sila<br />

(gravitacije) izdužuje mi{iće. U fazi izduživanja mi{ić djeluje<br />

ekscentrično, a posle nje koncentrično . U ekscentričnoj<br />

fazi mi{ići moraju biti aktivni tokom izduživanja. Kombi<strong>na</strong>ciaj<br />

ekscentrične i koncentrične mi{ićne akcije čini prirodni<br />

oblik mi{ićne funkcije <strong>na</strong>zvan ciklus izduživanja i skraćivanja<br />

(Stretch-Shortning Cycle, SSC) (Norman i Komi 1979; Komi<br />

1984, 2000). Ovaj tip mi{ićne funkcije takođe uključuje i<br />

fazu preaktivacije. SSC ima jasno izraženu funkciju povećanja<br />

učinka za vrijeme fi<strong>na</strong>lne faze (koncentrične kontrakcije)<br />

u poređenju sa izolovanom koncentričnom kontrakcijom.<br />

Kada je period između izduživanja i skraćivanja različit<br />

postoji razlika u stvorenoj sili pri SSC pri ekstenziji kolje<strong>na</strong><br />

kod ljudi. Kada nema pauze između kontrakcija veća sila je<br />

jasno vidljiva u koncentričnoj fazi.<br />

Iz prethodno <strong>na</strong>vedenog proizilazi i cilj ovog rada koji je bio<br />

da se utvrdi u kolikoj mjeri sadržaji pliometrisjkog <strong>treninga</strong><br />

utiču <strong>na</strong> <strong>razvoj</strong> <strong>eksplozivne</strong> s<strong>na</strong>ge opružača <strong>nogu</strong> kod ko{arka{a<br />

juniora.<br />

Methods<br />

Sample of respondents<br />

Test groups consist of 23 junior basketball players, members<br />

of BC “Radnik” Bijelji<strong>na</strong> and BC “Plus” Bijelji<strong>na</strong>. All the<br />

examinees are of normal health status, and are divided into<br />

two groups: experimental and control one.<br />

Sample of variables<br />

Chosen variables were adjusted to the age of examinees and<br />

the subject of this research, and are reflected in motoric tests<br />

which estimate explosive leg muscle strength.<br />

• 20 meters sprint (T20M)<br />

• Triple jump (TRS)<br />

• Vertical jump (SAR)<br />

Testing was conducted in a school hall on the parquet surface.<br />

Every examinee wore sports uniform. There were two examiners<br />

needed. Used equipment consisted of: meter,<br />

stopwatch, mat and spring board. Every examinee performed<br />

the test three times, and only the best results were registered.<br />

Reserach procedures<br />

During the six weeks’ period, experimental group trained<br />

on the basis of plyometric training two times a week, while<br />

control group had regular technical and tactical trainings.<br />

The program of plyometric training used in this research<br />

consisted of different jumps from the standstill and movement,<br />

hops, skips, jumps on the boxes etc. During the first<br />

week, the examinees performed exercises in two series of<br />

Metode<br />

Uzorak ispitanika<br />

Uzorak ispitanika čine dvadeset i tri ko{arka{a juniorskog<br />

uzrasta, članovi KK »Radnik« Bijelji<strong>na</strong> i KK »Plus« Bijelji<strong>na</strong>.<br />

Svi ispitanici su normalnog zdravstvenog statusa, podjeljeni<br />

u dvije grupe: eksperimentalnu i kontrolnu.<br />

Uzorak varijabli<br />

Izabrane varijable su prilagođene uzrastu ispitanika i predmetu<br />

ovog istraživanja, a to su motorički testovi koji procjenjuju<br />

eksplozivnu s<strong>na</strong>gu mi{ića <strong>nogu</strong>.<br />

• Sprint <strong>na</strong> 20 metara (T20M)<br />

• Troskok (TRS)<br />

• Skok u vis iz mjesta (SAR)<br />

Testiranje je sprovedeno u {kolskoj sali <strong>na</strong> parketnoj podlozi.<br />

Svaki ispitanik je bio u sportskoj opremi. Za testiranje su<br />

bila potreba dva mjerioca. Kori{teni rekviziti su bili: metar,<br />

{toperica, strunjače i odskoč<strong>na</strong> daska. Svi testovi su demonstrirani<br />

i obja{njeni prije izvođenja. Svaki ispitanik izvodio<br />

je test tri puta, a registrovan je <strong>na</strong>jboji postignuti rezultat.<br />

Procedure istraživanja<br />

U periodu od {est sedmica eksperimental<strong>na</strong> grupa trenirala<br />

je po modelu <strong>pliometrijskog</strong> <strong>treninga</strong> dva puta sedmično,<br />

dok je kontrol<strong>na</strong> grupa imala redovne tehničko-taktičke<br />

treninge. Program <strong>pliometrijskog</strong> <strong>treninga</strong> kori{tenog u ovom<br />

istraživanju sastojao se od različitih skokova u mjestu i u<br />

kretanju, poskoka, preskoka, skokova <strong>na</strong> sanduk itd. Tokom<br />

prve sedmice programa ispitanici su vježbe izvodili u dvije<br />

184


Draganovi}, A. i Markovi}, S.: UTICAJ PLIOMETRIJSKOG TRENINGA... Zbornik radova 2011, 183–188<br />

8 to 10 repetitions within each series. At the beginning of<br />

the program, the easier exercises domi<strong>na</strong>ted, while they<br />

became more complicated and there were more repetitions<br />

as examinees improved, reaching 10 to 15 repetitions. In<br />

the first week, easier exercises like skips or hops on the<br />

basketball board domi<strong>na</strong>ted, with around 100 contacts with<br />

the ground. In the sixth week, more complex exercises of a<br />

greater intensity (jump on the bench, wave jumps, quad<br />

jump) prevailed, while the number of contacts with the<br />

ground increased to 150. In order to familiarize examinees,<br />

all exercises were explained and demonstrated before.<br />

Statistical a<strong>na</strong>lysis<br />

All the data attained in this research are going to be processed<br />

using descriptive and comparative statistical a<strong>na</strong>lysis. Using<br />

descriptive a<strong>na</strong>lysis of the complete specimen, arithmetic<br />

mean and standard deviation will be determined. Within<br />

the range of comparative statistics, t-test for independent<br />

specimens for comparison of average values of initial and<br />

fi<strong>na</strong>l measurements between each groups was applied. p


Draganovi}, A. & Markovi', S.: INFLUENCE OF PLYOMETRIC TRAINING ... Proceedings 2011, 183–188<br />

Results of fi<strong>na</strong>l measurements<br />

Rezultati fi<strong>na</strong>lnih mjerenja<br />

PRELIMINARY REPORT<br />

PRETHODNO SAOP[TENJE<br />

Tables 3 and 4 show results obtained during the fi<strong>na</strong>l measurement<br />

for experimental and control group. Both specimens<br />

include descriptive and comparative statistic. It is noticeable<br />

that the results of the fi<strong>na</strong>l measurement show important<br />

statistical improvement in the results of experimental group<br />

in all three tests, while the control group remained at the<br />

similar level where it was at the initial measurement.<br />

Tabela 3: Deskriptiv<strong>na</strong> a<strong>na</strong>liza fi<strong>na</strong>lnog mjerenja kontrolne i eksperimentalne grupe<br />

Table 3: Descriptive a<strong>na</strong>lysis of the fi<strong>na</strong>l measurements of control and experimental group<br />

U Tabelama 3 i 4 prikazani su rezultati dobijeni <strong>na</strong> inicijalnom<br />

mjerenju za eksperimentalnu i kontrolnu grupu. Za oba<br />

uzorka obrađe<strong>na</strong> je deskriptiv<strong>na</strong> i komparativ<strong>na</strong> statistika.<br />

Uočavamo da je <strong>na</strong> fi<strong>na</strong>lnom mjerenju ekspreimental<strong>na</strong><br />

grupa statistički z<strong>na</strong>čajno pobolj{ala svoje rezultate u sva tri<br />

testa, dok je kontrol<strong>na</strong> ostala <strong>na</strong> približnom nivou kao <strong>na</strong><br />

inicijalnom mjerenju<br />

Varibale<br />

N M SD CV<br />

Con. Exp. Con. Exp. Con. Exp. Con. Exp.<br />

T20 (sec) 10 13 3.76 3.09 .17 .23 .040 .07<br />

TRS (cm) 10 13 631.00 679.90 41.53 42.09 .060 .06<br />

SAR (cm) 10 13 45.60 52.54 6.70 4.31 .015 .08<br />

Legend/Legenda: N – Number of respondents (Broj ispitanika); M – Sample mean (Aritmeti~ka<br />

sredi<strong>na</strong>); SD - Standard deviation (Standard<strong>na</strong> devijacija); CV - Coefficient of variation<br />

(Koeficijent varijacije); Con. - Control group (Kontrol<strong>na</strong> grupa); Exp. - Experimental group<br />

(Eksperimental<strong>na</strong> grupa); T20 - 20 meters sprint (Sprint <strong>na</strong> 20 metara); TRS - Triple jump<br />

(Troskok); SAR - Vertical jump (Skok u vis iz mjesta).<br />

Tabela 4: Komparativ<strong>na</strong> a<strong>na</strong>liza fi<strong>na</strong>lnog mjerenja kontrolne i eksperimentalne grupe<br />

Table 4: Comparative a<strong>na</strong>lysis of fi<strong>na</strong>l measurement in control and experimental group<br />

Variable Con. Exp. t p<br />

T20 (sec) 3.76 3.09 7.38 .000<br />

TRS (cm) 631.00 679.90 -2.78 .000<br />

SAR (cm) 45.60 52.54 5.38 .000<br />

Legend/Legenda: t - Student's distribution - Studenova distribucija; p - Probability (Vjerovatno}a);<br />

Con. - Control group (Kontrol<strong>na</strong> grupa); Exp. - Experimental group (Eksperimental<strong>na</strong> grupa);<br />

T20 - 20 meters sprint (Sprint <strong>na</strong> 20 metara); TRS - Triple jump (Troskok); SAR - Vertical<br />

jump (Skok u vis iz mjesta).<br />

Slika 1: Z<strong>na</strong>čajnost razlika aritmetičkih sredi<strong>na</strong> testa sprint<br />

<strong>na</strong> 20 metara ispitanika eksperimentalne i kontrolne<br />

grupe u inicijalnom i fi<strong>na</strong>lnom mjerenju<br />

Figure 1: Importance of differences in arithmetic means of<br />

20m sprint test on the examinees in the experimental<br />

and control group during the initial and the fi<strong>na</strong>l measurement<br />

4.5<br />

Slika 2: Z<strong>na</strong>čajnost razlika aritmetičkih sredi<strong>na</strong> testa Troskok<br />

ispitanika eksperimentalne i kontrolne grupe u<br />

inicijalnom i fi<strong>na</strong>lnom mjerenju<br />

Figure 2: Importance of differences in arithmetic means in<br />

triple jump test on the examinees in the experimental<br />

and control group during the initial and fi<strong>na</strong>l measurement<br />

690.00<br />

4<br />

680.00<br />

3.5<br />

670.00<br />

3<br />

660.00<br />

2.5<br />

2<br />

1.5<br />

Initial<br />

Fi<strong>na</strong>l<br />

650.00<br />

640.00<br />

630.00<br />

Initial<br />

Fi<strong>na</strong>l<br />

1<br />

620.00<br />

0.5<br />

610.00<br />

0<br />

Control<br />

Experimental<br />

600.00<br />

Control<br />

Experimental<br />

Discussion<br />

The research being conducted in a form of an experiment,<br />

the results of the initial measurements showed that the groups<br />

were homogeneous and that methodological requirements<br />

for valid research were met. Due to that fact, every statisti-<br />

Diskusija<br />

Po{to je istraživanje realizovano u formi eksperimenta sa<br />

paralelnim grupama, rezultati inicijalnih mjerenja su pokazali<br />

da su grupe homogene i da je zadovoljen metodolo{ki<br />

186


Draganovi}, A. i Markovi}, S.: UTICAJ PLIOMETRIJSKOG TRENINGA... Zbornik radova 2011, 183–188<br />

cally important difference that might appear in the results<br />

of groups during the initial measurement was attributed to<br />

the application of plyometric training process on the experimental<br />

group.<br />

zahtjev za validno istraživanje. Stoga svaka statistički z<strong>na</strong>čaj<strong>na</strong><br />

razlika koja bi eventualno <strong>na</strong>stala u rezultatima između<br />

grupa <strong>na</strong> fi<strong>na</strong>lnom mjerenju, pripisuje se primjeni <strong>pliometrijskog</strong><br />

tre<strong>na</strong>žnog procesa <strong>na</strong> eksperimentalnu grupu.<br />

Slika 31: Z<strong>na</strong>čajnost razlika aritmetičkih sredi<strong>na</strong> Sardžent testa ispitanika eksperimentalne i kontrolne grupe u inicijalnom<br />

i fi<strong>na</strong>lnom mjerenju<br />

Figure 3: Importance of the differences in arithmetic means on the Sergeant test on the examinees of the experimental<br />

and control group during the initial and fi<strong>na</strong>l measurement<br />

54.00<br />

52.00<br />

PRELIMINARY REPORT<br />

PRETHODNO SAOP[TENJE<br />

50.00<br />

48.00<br />

46.00<br />

Initial<br />

Fi<strong>na</strong>l<br />

44.00<br />

42.00<br />

By comparing the results obtained during the initial measurement,<br />

it is noticeable that groups were not statistically different<br />

in average values in all three tests. Values in M Sergeant<br />

Test during the initial measurement were almost identical.<br />

Concerning other two tests, it can be noticed that the variability<br />

of results in both tested groups are nearly the same.<br />

Nevertheless, the fi<strong>na</strong>l measurement shows completely<br />

different results. Application of experimental treatment<br />

changed average values in all three tests within the experimental<br />

group, while the results of the control group remained<br />

on the same level as on the initial measurement. A hundred<br />

percent importance (p=.000) was achieved in all three tests.<br />

Especially important improvement was noticed in the vertical<br />

jump from a standstill (Sergeant Test) because basketball<br />

players are familiar with that activity and they use it very<br />

often during trainings and matches, so there was a fear of<br />

poorer improvement during the training process.<br />

As opposed to a 20m sprint and triple jump, where there<br />

are multiple contacts with the ground and where the ability<br />

of muscles to stretch and shorten more quickly is emphasized,<br />

the vertical jump from a standstill has no ground contact and<br />

SSC cycle’s influence is smaller. This fact makes the improvement<br />

of results in this test even more important.<br />

Based upon the differences in results during two measurements,<br />

it can be concluded that plyometric training made<br />

positive impact on the development of explosive strength in<br />

the experimental group, while at the same time technical<br />

and tactical trainings of the control group were not good<br />

enough to develop the same ability.<br />

Conclusion<br />

Control<br />

During a six weeks’ period, the effects of plyometric training<br />

on the explosive strength of leg muscle extensors were observed.<br />

Twenty-three examinees were divided into the<br />

control and the experimental groups, and were submitted<br />

to six weeks’ treatment. During that time, three variables<br />

were taken into account: a 20m sprint, a triple jump, and a<br />

Experimental<br />

Upoređivanjem rezultata dobijenih <strong>na</strong> inicijalnom mjerenju<br />

vidimo da se grupe nisu statistički razlikovale u prosječnim<br />

vrijednostima sva tri testa. Vrijednosti M Sardžent testa <strong>na</strong><br />

inicijalnom mjerenju je bila skoro identič<strong>na</strong>. Kad su u pitanju<br />

druga dva testa primjećujemo da je i tu varijabilitet rezultata<br />

u obje testirane grupe približno isti. Međutim, <strong>na</strong> fi<strong>na</strong>lnom<br />

mjerenju imamo potpuno drugačije vrijednosti. Primjenom<br />

eksperimentalnog tretma<strong>na</strong> promjenile su se prosječne<br />

vrijednosti sva tri testa u okviru eksperimentalne grupe, dok<br />

su se rezultati kontrolne grupe zadržale <strong>na</strong> nivou sa inicijalnog<br />

mjerenja. Stoprocent<strong>na</strong> z<strong>na</strong>čajnost (p=0,000) je postignuta<br />

<strong>na</strong> sva tri testa. Posebno z<strong>na</strong>čajan je <strong>na</strong>predak u<br />

skoku u vis iz mjesta (Sardžent test) jer je to aktivnost koja<br />

je ko{arka{ ima poz<strong>na</strong>ta i često je koriste <strong>na</strong> treningu i utakmicama,<br />

tako da je postojala bojazan o slabijem <strong>na</strong>predovanju<br />

kroz tre<strong>na</strong>žni proces.<br />

Za razliku od sprinta <strong>na</strong> 20 metara i troskoka gdje postoji<br />

vi{e uzastopnih kontakata sa podlogm i gdje do izražaja<br />

dolazi sposobnost mi{ića da se brzo izduže i kontrahuju, u<br />

skoku u vis iz mjesta nema prethodnog kontakta sa podlogom<br />

i <strong>uticaj</strong> ciklusa izduživanja i skraćivanja (SSC ciklus) je manji.<br />

U tome je i veći z<strong>na</strong>čaj pobolj{anje rezultata <strong>na</strong> ovom testu.<br />

Na osnovu dobijenih razlika u rezultatima <strong>na</strong> dva mjerenja,<br />

dolazi se do zaključka da je pliometrijski trening pozitivno<br />

uticao <strong>na</strong> <strong>razvoj</strong> eksplozivnosti kod eksperimentalne grupe,<br />

dok tehničko-taktički treninzi kontrolne grupe nisu bili dovoljni<br />

za ravoj iste sposobnosti.<br />

Zaključak<br />

U periodu od {est nedelja ispitivani su efekti <strong>pliometrijskog</strong><br />

<strong>treninga</strong> <strong>na</strong> <strong>razvoj</strong> eksploivne s<strong>na</strong>ge opružača <strong>nogu</strong>. Dvadeset<br />

i tri ispitanika podjeljenih u kontrolnu i eksperimentalnu<br />

grupu bili su podvrgnuti {estonedeljnom tretmanu. U toku<br />

rada posmatrane su tri varijable:sprint <strong>na</strong> 20 metara, troskok<br />

i skok u vis iz mjesta. Upoređivanjem rezulatata sa inicijalnog<br />

187


Draganovi}, A. & Markovi', S.: INFLUENCE OF PLYOMETRIC TRAINING ... Proceedings 2011, 183–188<br />

PRELIMINARY REPORT<br />

PRETHODNO SAOP[TENJE<br />

vertical jump from a standstill. By comparing the results from<br />

initial and fi<strong>na</strong>l measurements, following results were obtained<br />

which led to the following conclusions:<br />

• Plyometric training model applied in the experimental<br />

group showed its efficiency related to all three tests in<br />

motor development. After six weeks of training there<br />

was the improvement of 26 cm in triple jump test, 6<br />

cm in Sergeant test and .58 sec better average time in<br />

20 m sprint, when compared to the results from the<br />

initial measurement. These results bring us to conclusion<br />

that plyometric training model efficiently influences<br />

the improvement in explosive strength of leg<br />

muscle extensors.<br />

• In most of the tests, the control group did not show<br />

any improvement of results. However, there was a slight<br />

improvement in 20 m sprint test (.06 sec) that can be<br />

ascribed to the greater motivation in the fi<strong>na</strong>l measurement.<br />

At the end of this experiment, it can be concluded that the<br />

application of plyometric training to the improvement of<br />

explosive strength of leg muscle extensors made positive<br />

impact to the development of this motor feature. The results<br />

of this experiment show that Stretch-Shortening Cycle – SSC,<br />

which is a base of plyometric exercises, has positively influenced<br />

the improvement of results in tests that measure explosive<br />

strength. Six weeks of plyometric training process<br />

showed to be enough to achieve greater improvement in<br />

leg muscle extensors explosive strength improvement in<br />

junior basketball players. In order to achieve even better<br />

results, the training process should last even longer and<br />

should include proper dosing in order to avoid eventual<br />

injuries that come with such a type of training.<br />

i fi<strong>na</strong>lnog mjerenja dobijeni su rezultati <strong>na</strong> osnovu kojih su<br />

doneseni sledeći zaključci:<br />

• Pliometrijski model <strong>treninga</strong> primjenjen u eksperimentalnoj<br />

grupi pokazao se efikasnim u pogledu pobolj{anja<br />

sva tri motorička testa. Posle {est nedelja <strong>treninga</strong>, u<br />

odnosu <strong>na</strong> inicijal<strong>na</strong> mjrenja zabilježen je <strong>na</strong>predak od<br />

26 cm u testu troskok, 6 cm u Sardžent testu i 0,58 sec<br />

brže prosječno vrijeme <strong>na</strong> testu sprint <strong>na</strong> 20 metara.<br />

Ovi rezultati dovode do zaključka da pliometrijski<br />

model <strong>treninga</strong> efikasno utiče <strong>na</strong> pobolj{anje <strong>eksplozivne</strong><br />

s<strong>na</strong>ge opružača <strong>nogu</strong>.<br />

• U kontrolnoj grupi u većini testova nije zabilježen<br />

pomak u rezultatima. Nez<strong>na</strong>tno pobolj{anje rezultat<br />

aje zabilježeno u testu sprint <strong>na</strong> 20 m (0,06 sec) {to<br />

može da se pripi{e većoj motivisanosti <strong>na</strong> fi<strong>na</strong>lnom<br />

mjerenju.<br />

Na kraju ovog eksperimenta možemo zaključiti da je primje<strong>na</strong><br />

<strong>pliometrijskog</strong> <strong>treninga</strong> <strong>na</strong> pobolj{anje <strong>eksplozivne</strong><br />

s<strong>na</strong>ge mi{ića opružača <strong>nogu</strong> pozitivno uticala <strong>na</strong> <strong>razvoj</strong> ovog<br />

motoričkog svojstva. Rezultati ovog eksperimenta pokazuju<br />

da je ciklus skraćivanja i izduživanja (Stretch-Shortening<br />

Cycle – SSC) koji je osnova pliometrijskih vježbi uticao<br />

pozitivno <strong>na</strong> pobolj{anje rezultata <strong>na</strong> testovima koji mjere<br />

eksplozivnu s<strong>na</strong>gu. [est nedelja <strong>pliometrijskog</strong> tre<strong>na</strong>žnog<br />

procesa se pokazalo kao sasvim dovoljan period za postizanje<br />

z<strong>na</strong>čajnijih pomaka u <strong>razvoj</strong>u <strong>eksplozivne</strong> s<strong>na</strong>ge opružača<br />

<strong>nogu</strong> kod ko{arka{a juniora. Za postizanje jo{ boljih<br />

rezultata tre<strong>na</strong>žni proces bi trebalo produžiti <strong>na</strong> duži period<br />

uz oprez pravilnog doziranja kako bi se izbjegle eventualne<br />

povrjede koji ovaj tip <strong>treninga</strong> nosi sa sobom.<br />

Reference<br />

Ignjatović, A. (2006). Osnova plijometrijskog <strong>treninga</strong>.<br />

Profico, 2(2), 24-28<br />

Karalejić, M., & Jakovljević, S. (2001). Osnove ko{arke,<br />

Beograd: Fakultet sporta i fizičkog vaspitanja.<br />

Koprivica, M. V. (2002). Osnove sportskog <strong>treninga</strong> I deo.<br />

Beograd:<br />

Kukolj, M. i saradnici (1996). Op{ta antropomotorika.<br />

Beograd<br />

Kukrić, A et al. (2010). Uticaj <strong>pliometrijskog</strong> <strong>treninga</strong> <strong>na</strong><br />

eksplozivnu s<strong>na</strong>gu opružača <strong>nogu</strong>. Sportlogia, 6(1),<br />

14-19<br />

Mikić, B. (1995). Osnovi psihomotorike čovjeka. Tuzla:<br />

Filozofski fakultet.<br />

Radcliffe, C. J., & Farentinos, C. R. (2003). Pliometrija.<br />

Zagreb: Gopal, pp 55-112<br />

Zatsiorsky, V., & Kraemer, W. (2009). Nauka i praksa u<br />

treningu s<strong>na</strong>ge. Beograd: Data status<br />

Sudarov, N. (2007). Testovi za procenu fizičkih<br />

performansi. Novi Sad: Pokrajinski zavod za sport.<br />

Korespodencija/Correspodence to:<br />

Aleksandar Draganovi}<br />

Phone: 0038165763211<br />

E-mail: aleksandar_draganovicªhotmail.com<br />

188

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