metodologija izvoğenja servisa u odbojci sa akcentom na servis iz ...

Proceedings 2011. (2012), Vol 3, ISSN 1986-8146www.sportkon.comMETODOLOGIJA IZVOÐENJA SERVISA UODBOJCI SA AKCENTOM NA SERVIS IZ SKOKABEZ ROTACIJE - FLOT SERVISMETHODOLOGY OF SERVING IN VOLLEYBALL WITHSPECIAL EMPHASIS TO JUMP FLOAT SERVEMilenko Vojvodi} 1 and Naim ]ele{ 21Fakultet fizičkog vaspitanja i sporta, Univerzite Banja Luka, Bosna i HercegovinaFaculty Physical Education and Sports, University of Banja Luka, Bosnia and Herzegovina2Pedago{ki fakultet, Univerzitet Biha}, Bosna i HercegovinaPedagogical Faculty, University of Biha}, Bosnia and HerzegovinaPROFESSIONAL PAPERSTRUČNI ČLANAKdoi​: 10.5550/SP.3.2011.20 UDK: 796.325.015.1SummarySažetakIn modern volleyball, service is mainly the way of attack withintent to disturb opponent’s reception and to score, if possible.In other words, the serve has two main tasks and aimsthat are based on direct service scoring and disturbing thereception, preventing the opposite team from quick, combinedand efficient attack. How essential volleyball serve istoday says the fact that some authors compare it with theimportance of the first move in chess (Jankovic & Marelic,2003). A good serve, correct realization as well as followingand applying of collective and individual tactic principlescan often be an important factor in the outcome of the game.When talking about tactics, it is essentially important tochoose the best and the most efficient way of serving andapply it at the right time. Services can be classified accordingto the way of serving, ball trail and ball spin, as well as bodyposition while serving. The most frequent services in theworld’s top volleyball, both men and women, are spike serve(jump serve with spin), jump float serve (jump serve with nospin) and float serve (an overhand (land) serve with no spin).Last European Volleyball Championship for men, held inAustria and Czech Republic, definitely showed that spikeserve is no longer the most powerful and most efficient one,because its preciseness is determined by strength and speed,so when performing it, with the intent to make it as fast andas elusive as possible, a lot of serve faults are being made.When opponent’s reception needed to be more invaded,head coach of European champions – Serbian team did notgo on players with strong, destructive spike serves, but onthe ones with extremely unpleasant and precise jump-floatserve. Jump float serve also won the Finals match point, withan ace.Key Words: service types, technical elements, tactics,methodology implementation.U dana{njoj odbojci servis je uglavnom sredstvo napada,kojim se želi otežati, odnosno poremetiti prijem ili pomogućnosti direktno osvojiti poen. Drugim riječima, servisima dva osnovna zadatka i cilja, koji se svode na direktnopoentiranje iz servisa i poremećaj prijema zbog onemogućavanjebrzog, kombinovanog i efikasnog napada od strane protivničkeekipe. Koliko je danas servis bitan u odbojka{koj igri govorii to da ga neki autori porede sa vrijedno{ću prvog potezau {ahu (Janković i Marelić, 2003). Dobro izvođenje servisai pravilna praktična realizacija, te pridržavanje i primjenjivanjeprincipa kolektivne i individualne taktike, čestoznaju da budu odlučujući faktor u ishodu utakmice. Utaktici serviranja izuzetno je važno izabrati najbolji, odnosnonajefikasniji način serviranja i u pravo ga vrijeme primjeniti.Servisi u odbojci se mogu podijeliti po načinu izvođenja,te po putanji i rotaciji lopte, kao i po položaju tijela kodizvođenja servisa. Servisi koji se danas najvi{e koriste u svjetskojvrhunskoj odbojci, kako mu{koj tako i ženskoj su:smeč servis (servis iz skoka sa rotacijom), flot servis (servis izskoka bez rotacije) i lelujavac (servis bez skoka i bez rotacije).Zadnje evropsko prvenstvo u odbojci za mu{karce, održanou Austriji i Če{koj, definitivno je pokazalo da smeč servisvi{e nije najmoćniji i najefikasniji servis. Kad je trebalo dodatnoopteretiti prijem servisa kod protivničkih ekipaselektor evropskih prvaka - Srbije, nije uvodio igrače sasnažnim i razornim smeč servisima, nego je uvodio igračekoji imaju izuzetno neugodan i precizan lelujavi servis izskoka (flot). Flot servisom osvojen je i zadnji poen u finalu ito asom.Ključne riječi: vrste servisa, tehnički element, taktika,metodologija izvođenja.PROFESSIONAL PAPERSTRUČNI ČLANAK173

Vojvodi}, M., & ]ele{, N.: METHODOLOGY OF SERVING IN VOLLEYBALL... Proceedings 2011, 173–182IntroductionUvodPROFESSIONAL PAPERSTRUČNI ČLANAKService is a technical element of volleyball and representsthe beginning kickoff that is performed at the start of the setand after each mistake. It is a technical element whoseperformance begins at the struggle for points, and is deliveredby the player occupying the number one position behindthe baseline. It is one of the most important elements ofvolleyball and therefore requires special attention andplenty of training time at each training session. (Selinger2000). Tomic has recommended that service training shouldbe linked with other elements such as reception, organizingof attacks, organizing of specific roles for players and so on.It is not recommendable to practice service separate fromother elements. Each type of service has its advantages anddisadvantages (Tomic, 1976, p. 146). Service delivery canalso be very stressful, especially during crucial points. That’sbecause all the attention of players, coaches, audience andenvironment are focused on the player delivering the serve.Good service and proper practical implementation oftentend to be the decisive factor in the outcome of the match.In the tactics of serving it is extremely important to choosethe best and most efficient way of serving, and the right timeto apply it as well.According to the manner of delivery we can distinguishseveral types of services including: lower frontal service,overhead (upper) service, frontal jump service and sideservice, while in relation to the rotation of the ball, theservice can be with rotation and without rotation of theball.Today, in world-class volleyball, men’s as well as women’s,services that are exclusively applied are:• wall head-on service from the jump with ball rotation- Spike Service• wall head-on service from the jump without ball rotation- Float Service• upper butt out of service without ball rotation –FloaterWhen it comes to the speed of the ball during the serve,the highest possible speed is accomplished by setter serviceand it is approximately 120 km / h, or about 33 m / s. Duringthe well performed setter service, roughly the speed isabout 100 km / h or 28 m / s. Usually, the speed of the ballduring the service is approximately 15 m / s. It is establishedthat receiving players’ reaction time is 0.3 seconds, and thatduring the service with maximum ball speed, the ball travelsabout 0.5 seconds from the moment it is struck to the timeof receipt. That means that this service is virtually uncatchable.During a well executed service, time travel of the ballis 0.7 seconds. This amount of time enables the receipt ofservice if the ball, in the moment of reception by the receivingplayer, doesn’t require any leg movement (Selinger 2000).During a normal ball speed service, the ball travels for aboutone second. This time is sufficient for the service receiver toposition himself well and to pass the ball to the setter. Ofcourse, this is not always the case, but a good effect can beachieved with this ball speed provided that the receivingplayers are not ready, and the server hits the right spot atthe right time.Service as anelement of the gameServis je tehnički elemenat odbojka{ke igre i predstavljapočetni udarac koji se izvodi na početku seta i poslije svakegre{ke, odnosno tehnički element čijim izvođenjem počinjeborba za poen, a izvodi ga igrač koji se nalazi u poziciji jedaniza osnovne linije. On predstavlja jedan od najbitnijih elemenataodbojka{ke igre i zato mu treba posvetiti velikupažnju i dovoljno vremena na svakom treningu. (Selinger2000). Tomić je preporučio da uvježbavanje servisa trebapovezivati sa drugim elementima kao {to su primanje servisa,organizovanje napada, organizovanje pojedinih specifičnihuloga igrača i td. Nije dobro uvježbavati servis izdvojen odostalih elemenata. Svaka vrsta servisa ima svoje prednosti inedostatke (Tomić, 1976, str. 146). Izvođenje servisa možeda bude i veoma stresno, pogotovo kod odlučujućih poena.To je zbog toga {to je sva pažnja igrača, trenera, publike iokoline usredsređena na igrača koji je na servisu. Dobroizvođenje servisa i pravilna praktična realizacija, čestoznaju da budu odlučujući faktor u ishodu utakmice. U takticiserviranja izuzetno je važno izabrati najbolji, odnosnonajefikasniji način serviranja i u pravo ga vrijeme primjeniti.Prema načinu izvođenja možemo razlikovati nekoliko vrstaservisa i to: donji čeoni servis, gornji čeoni servis, gornji čeoniservis iz skoka i bočni servis, a u odnosu na rotaciju lopte,servis u odbojci može biti sa rotacijom i bez rotacije lopte.Danas se u vrhunskoj odbojci odbojci, kako mu{koj tako iženskoj, koriste isključivo ovi servisi:• gornji čeoni servis iz skoka sa rotacijom lopte - smečservis• gornji čeoni servis iz skoka bez rotacije lopte - flotservis• gornji čeoni servis iz mjesta i bez rotacije lopte - lelujaviservisKad je u pitanju brzina kretanja lopte kod serviranja, najvećamoguća brzina lopte postiže se izvođenjem smeč servisa iona približno iznosi otprilike do 120 km/h , odnosno približno33 m/s. Prilikom odlično izvedenog smeč servisa, brzinalopte približno iznosi oko 100 km/h ili 28 m/s. Najče{ća,odnosno uobičajena, brzina lopte prilikom serviranja približnoiznosi oko 15 m/s. Ustanovljeno je da vrijeme reagovanjaprimača iznosi 0,3 sekunde, a da kod servisa izvedenogmaksimalnom brzinom kretanja lopte, ona od momentaudarca do momenta prijema putuje oko 0,5 sekundi. Toznači da je ovakav servis praktično neuhvatljiv. Prilikomodlično izvedenog smeč servisa vrijeme leta lopte je 0,7sekundi, tako da ovo vrijeme omogućuje izvođenje prijemaservisa ukoliko lopta u momentu prijema od primača nezahtijeva pomjeranje nogama (Selinger 2000).Kod servisa izvedenog uobičajenom brzinom lopte vrijemeleta lopte je oko jedne sekunde. Ovo vrijeme je dovoljnoda se primač servisa postavi na loptu i kvalitetno je dodadizaču. Naravno, to nije uvijek tako, pa se dobar efekatpostiže i servisima sa ovakvom brzinom lopte, pod uslovomda primači nisu dovoljno spremni, a server pogodi pravomjesto u pravom trenutku.Servis kaoelement igreThe service was created when volleyball was created, asa way to throw the ball in play, that is to serve the ball to174Servis je nastao kada i odbojka, kao način da se loptaubaci u igru, odnosno da se lopta servira protivniku. U vrijemenastajanja odbojke servis je predstavljao samo početak igre

Vojvodi}, M., & ]ele{, N.: METHODOLOGY OF SERVING IN VOLLEYBALL... Proceedings 2011, 173–182abilities, among other things, characterize him as a player.We are reminded that spike service came from beach volleyballand is mostly used and perfected by Brazilians. Itshould be said that the spike service in today’s world-classmen’s volleyball is the most widely used service, unlikewomen’s volleyball where the float service is most important,and all other types of service are only used as an alternative.There are players who do not use the spike service, but ifthey perform the float service well, there are no shortcomingsin their game.The best combination of tactics in individual servings in topmen’s volleyball is that the basic service is – the spike service,and the alternative - float service. This is because the spikeservice must be received by at least three nearby playersand because the preparatory work for the spike and floatmanagement service are similar, so the opponent has toprepare for this first one. This situation provides an opportunityto place the float service in the desired manner withgood effect, and to take your opponents by surprise. However,slower, or insufficiently aggressive and quick spikeservice is very easy to receive, so according to many, it isbetter to perform a good and precise float, rather than reducingthe speed and power of a spike service.Individual tactics service (Kostic & Kalajdžić, 1995) can bereduced to the following tasks and objectives:•to score a point•to make it harder for opponents to organize faster andmore diverse attacks•to prevent mistakes in the delivery of servicePart of the skill of individual servings are situations where aplayer should not make a mistake, and this applies to thefollowing situations:•start of the game•after time-out•after an error of the teammate who previously served•after their own faults in previous servings•when the opponent is in a negative series of points•after a change which strengthens the block of one’steam•after a long and difficult changeIndividual serving’s tactic involves many other things that aplayer can do in order to gain any advantage over opponents.This advantage can be achieved by changing the rhythm,method, and frequency of the service. In addition to individualand collective tactics of serving, attention should befocused on the more challenging tasks, which are consideredas both collective and individual tactics.Methodologyof service deliverysobnosti, pored ostalog, karakteri{u kao igrača. Možemo sepodsjetiti da je smeč servis u pravu odbojku do{ao iz odbojkena plaži i da su ga Brazilci najvi{e koristili a i usavr{avali.Treba reći da je smeč servis u dana{njoj mu{koj vrhunskojodbojci najče{ći i najvi{e kori{teni servis, za razliku od ženskegdje je flot servis prvi po važnosti, a da su sve ostale vrsteservisa samo alternativa. Ima igrača koji ne koriste smečservis , ali ako dobro izvode flot servis u njihovoj igri se neosjeća nedostatak.Najbolja kombinacija u individualnoj taktici serviranja umu{koj vrhunskoj odbojci je da je osnovni servis - smečservis, a alternativa - flot servis. To je zato {to se smeč servismora primati sa najmanje tri primača i zato {to su pripremneradnje za smeč i flot servis slične, pa se protivnik mora pripremitiza ovaj prvi. Ta situacija pruža mogućnost da se flotservis plasira na željeni način sa dobrim učinkom i protivničkaekipa iznenadi. Međutim, sporiji, odnosno nedovoljnoagresivan i brz smeč servis veoma je lagan za prijem, pa jepo mnogima bolje izvesti dobar i precizan flot, nego smanjivatibrzinu i snagu smeč servisa.Individualna taktika servisa (Kostić i Kalajdžić, 1995) se možesvesti na sledeće zadatke, odnosno ciljeve:• da se postigne poen• da se oteža mogućnost brzog i raznovrsnog napadaprotivnika• da se ne pogrije{i kod izvođenja servisaDio individualne taktike serviranja su situacije kada igrač nebi smio da napravi gre{ku, a to se odnosi na sledeće situacije:•početak igre•poslije tajm-auta•poslije gre{ke saigrača koji je prethodno servirao•poslije sopstvene servis gre{ke kod prethodnog serviranja•kada je protivnik u negativnoj seriji poena•poslije izmjene kojom se pojačava blok svoje ekipe•poslije duge i te{ke promjeneIndividualna taktika serviranja obuhvata i mnoge druge stvarikoje igrač može raditi sa ciljem da stekne bilo kakvu prednostu odnosu na protivnika. Ta prednost se može postići promjenomritma, načina, kao i frekvencije izvođenja servisa.Pored individualne i kolektivne taktike kod serviranja, pažnjatreba da bude usmjerena na vi{e zadataka koji se postavljajui kao kolektivna i kao individualna taktika.Metodologijaizvođenja servisaPROFESSIONAL PAPERSTRUČNI ČLANAKSpike serviceSpike service is one of the most difficult elements of thegame of volleyball because its implementation requires,among other things:•a precise drop ball•precise and powerful momentum•a strong high jump and long jump•a kick with great force and speed•landingA service begins with a proper delivery position, and endswhen the player positions himself in the starting defenseposition. All these activities individually, but especially as aSmeč servisSmeč servis je jedan od najtežih elemenata odbojka{ke igrezato {to njegovo izvođenje između ostalog zahtijeva i:•precizno podbacivanje lopte•precizan i snažan zalet•snažan skok u vis i dalj• udarac velikom snagom i brzinom•doskokServis se započinje pravilnim stavom za izvođenje, a zavr{avaodlaskom igrača u početnu poziciju za odbranu. Sve oveaktivnosti pojedinačno, a posebno kao cjelina, iziskuju176

Vojvodi}, M. i ]ele{, N.: METODOLOGIJA IZVO\ENJA SERVISA U ODBOJCI... Zbornik radova 2011, 173–182whole, require a major effort by the server. This service is akiller if the ball speed is great, but this requires a lot of energy.The spike service delivered with low ball speed is veryeasy to receive, so it makes no sense to deliver it that way.Advice that is given to players in matches and trainings inthe delivery of the spike is to avoid contact with the ball inthe downward phase of the jump, that is to use the firstphase when the speed of the server is greatest and is on therise. With young players performing the spike service, weshould insist that the ball speed is such that it does notjeopardize the safety of the service. Ball speed should beincreased, almost imperceptibly, as progress in service deliveryis achieved.The ball should be thrown so that the server makes contactwith the ball two feet from the base line (toward the net),and jumps out as deeply as possible in the field (2 to 3meters). Server player tosses the ball about three feet in frontof himself, and about four feet upwards. At ejection, the ballmust and should have front rotation, so that the server caneasily kick the ball with a “spin” (Apricot & Jankovic, 1996).Service without jump and without rotation (Float)This service belongs to the group of services rendered frontallywithout a jump, and appeared after the side servicewithout a jump and without ball rotation (the Japaneseservice). Because of easier implementation and faster techniquelearning it has become increasingly widespread. Inrecent years it is used less than services performed from thejump, because they have a much shorter travel time of theball and are more efficient. Float is more often used inwomen’s volleyball in lower skill categories, where it’s oftenused as a basic service, while top players usually use it as analternative. It is done in a way that the server is facing thenet, with one foot sticking out front (left foot for the righthanded and right foot for the left handed), while the ball isnot ejected by more than one meter in height. The handthat is performing the service right before the jump ball goesin the back swing and the wrist is placed in a straight extensionof the forearm, solid and fixed. The ball is strongly hitin the center by the root of the hand, and moves withoutany rotation. This provides the floating effect due to the lossof speed at which the ball is moving, which depends onincreased air resistance (Selinger, 2000).The trajectory of the ball is almost a horizontal line, and thegreater the horizontal velocity of the ball, the greater is theeffect of swinging. Therefore, it is recommended that duringthe delivery of the float service, the player moves away fromthe main line at least six meters. Particularly, the effect ofthe wavy service is based on an undetermined path andchange of ball direction, resulting in difficult service reception(Kostic, 1999).Service from the jumpwithout rotation (Float service)Well trained float service represents the possibility of servingwithout the risk of errors. This service can, quite literally, hitany part of the opponent’s court with a relatively shorttravel time of the ball and very low percentage of error.These circumstances provide an opportunity for the implementationof many tactical ideas. The efficiency of thisservice is much greater when used as an alternative to spikeservice, especially if you can hide it and perform it well.According to phases of the throws, the spike and float serviceare somewhat similar. Specifically, in both types of servicewe have a running phase, a drop ball, a jump phase, kickveoma veliki napor od strane servera. Ovaj servis je ubojitako je brzina lopte velika, a upravo to zahtijeva veliku uloženuenergiju. Smeč servis izveden sa malom brzinom lopte jeveoma lak za prijem i nema smisla tako ga izvoditi.Savjet koji se najče{će daje igračima na utakmicama itreninzima kod izvođenja smeč servisa je da se izbjegnekontakt sa loptom u silaznoj fazi skoka, odnosno da se iskoristiprva faza kada je brzina servera uzlazna i najveća.Kod mladih igrača treba zahtijevati da prilikom izvođenjasmeč servisa brzina lopte bude takva da ne ugrožava sigurnostizvođenja servisa. Sa napredovanjem u usavr{avanjuservisa, skoro neprimjetno, brzinu lopte treba povećavati.Loptu treba podbaciti tako da konakt sa njom server započnepola metra od osnovne linije (prema mreži), a skok izvede{to je moguće dublje u teren (2 do 3 metra). Server podbacujeloptu oko tri metra ispred sebe, a oko četiri uvis. Kodizbačaja, lopta mora i treba da ima prednju rotaciju, kakobi server lak{e izveo udarac po lopti sa “spinom” (Marelić iJanković, 1996)Najče{će gre{ke koje se mogu javiti kod izvođenja smečservisa su lo{ ili neadekvatan izbačaj lopte, zatim nepravilankontakt dlana i lopte , te nepravilan zalet i skok .Lelujavac (servis bez skoka i bez rotacije)Pripada grupi servisa izvedenih čeono bez skoka, a pojaviose nakon bočnog servisa bez skoka i bez rotacije lopte (japanskiservis). Zbog lak{eg izvođenja i lak{eg usvajanja tehnikepostao je veoma rasprostranjen. U novije vrijeme potisnutje servisima koji se izvode iz skoka zato {to imaju dalekokraće vrijeme leta lopte i daleko su efikasniji. Lelujavi servis(lelujavac) če{će se koristi u ženskoj odbojci i kod nižihkategorija obučenosti, gdje ga najče{će koriste kao osnovniservis, dok kod vrhunskih igrača najče{će predstavlja alternativu.Izvodi se na način da server bude okrenut licemprema mreži, sa jednom nogom isturenom naprijed (de{njacilijevu, a ljevaci desnu), a lopta se ne izbacuje vi{e od jednodmetra u visinu. Ruka kojom se izvodi servis treba daneposredno prije podbacivanja ide u zamah unazad, a zglob{ake je postavljen ravno u produžetku podlaktice, čvrst ifiksiran. Lopta se energično udara korjenom {ake u njencentar, a kreće se bez ikakve rotacije. Time se postiže lelujajućiefekat zbog gubljenja brzine kojom se kreće lopta, a koja jeu zavisnosti od povećanja otpora vazduha (Selinger, 2000).Putanja leta lopte je skoro horizontalna linija i {to je horizontalnabrzina lopte veća, to je efekat lelujanja veći. Zatose preporučuje, da se kod serviranja lelujavog servisa odmakneod osnovne linije najmanje {est metara. Naime, dejstvo lelujavihservisa se temelji na neutvrđenoj putanji i promjenipravca leta lopte, čime se postiže otežan prijem servisa(Kostić, 1999).Servis iz skokabez rotacije (Flot servis)Dobro uvježban predstavlja mogućnost serviranja bez rizikaod gre{ke. Ovim servisom se, bukvalno, može pogoditisvaki dio protivničkog terena sa relativno kratkim vremenomleta lopte i veoma malim procentom gre{ke. Ove okolnostipružaju priliku za realizaciju mnogih taktičkih zamisli. Efikasnostovog servisa je znatno veća ako se upotrebljava kaoalternativa smeč servisu, naročito ako se dobro prikrije idobro izvede.Po fazama izvođenja flot i smeč servis su donekle slični.Naime, i kod jednog i kod drugog servisa imamo faze zaleta,podbacivanja lopte, skoka, udarca po lopti i doskoka.PROFESSIONAL PAPERSTRUČNI ČLANAK177

Vojvodi}, M., & ]ele{, N.: METHODOLOGY OF SERVING IN VOLLEYBALL... Proceedings 2011, 173–182the ball phase and landing. However, each of these servicephases is different from the same phase of the other service.The main difference is that in the float service the ball travelswithout rotation, and in the spike service with rotation.Furthermore, the difference in these services are reflectedin the strength and speed of running and hitting the ball,strength and jump height, location where the ball is hit, andpart of the palm which is hitting the ball.Delivery of this service requires far less energy than aspike because the run-up, jump and kick are of far lesserintensity. Ball speed is much lower, but it can hit a placethat requires a significant movement of the receiving player,which significantly increases performance.It is essential for the float service to perform the jumpas much as possible in the depth of the field court, to“carry over” the ball to the serving hand and to perform andfinish the strike in the first phase of the jump. In this way,the movement and server speed are fully used.During the service execution ball travels with the server,which means that it has his speed of movement. The kickitself is adding speed to the ball at the moment when thevertical component of its speed equals zero. Therefore involleyball jargon we use the term ‘’ carrying out ‘’, and notthrowing the ball, because this ball is essentially carried outto the serving hand.The ball is hit at the very root of the palm center and thusavoids rotation, increases speed, reduces the parabola ofthe ball, or the elevation angle, which is why it can get anunpredictable path, or undulation and “dancing.” What willbe the extent of the “floating” amplitude, depends on thestroke power, the size of the ball deformation, pressure inthe ball, distance of servers from the baseline, the size ofelevation angle, server’s impact height, gravity and air resistance(Stojanovic, Kostic, & Nesic, 2010, p. 61).Figures 1 and 2 shows the position of hands and palms,which are striking the ball, including the place the ball iskicked.Slika 1: Položaj dlana i mjesto udarca po loptiFigure 1: Position of the palm and place where the ball iskickedMeđutim, svaka od ovih faza jednog servisa različita je odiste faze drugog, a osnovna razlika je {to kod flot servisalopta putuje bez rotacije, a kod smeč servisa sa rotacijom.Dalje, razlika kod ovih servisa se očituje jo{ u snazi i brzinizaleta i udarca po lopti, snazi i visini skoka, kao i mjestuudarca po lopti, te dijelu dlana kojim se udara po lopti.Izvođenje ovog servisa zahtijeva daleko manje energije odsmeč servisa jer su zalet, skok i udarac daleko manjeg intenziteta.Brzina lopte je znatno manja, ali se može pogoditimjesto koje zahtijeva značajno pomjeranje primača,čime se učinak bitno povećava.Su{tina flot servisa je u tome da skok bude izveden {to jemoguće vi{e u dubinu terena i da se “izno{enje” lopte predruku za serviranje i sam udarac izvedu i zavr{e u prvoj faziskoka. Na ovaj način se u cjelosti koristi kretanje odnosnobrzina servera. Pri izvođenju servisa lopta putuje sa serverom,{to znači da ima njegovu brzinu kretanja. Sam udarac jedodavanje brzine lopti u trenutku kada je vertikalna komponentanjene brzine ravna nuli. Zbog toga se u odbojka{komžargonu koristi izraz „izno{enje“ lopte, a ne podbacivanje,jer se ona u su{tini iznosi pred ruku kojom se servira. Loptase udara korijenom dlana u sami centar i na taj način izbjegavarotacija, povećava ubrzanje, smanjuje parabola letalopte,odnosno elevacioni ugao, zbog čega se može dobitinepredvidljiva putanja, odnosno lelujanje i „ plesanje“. Kolikeće biti amplitude „lelujanja“ zavisi od: snage udarca,veličine deformacije lopte, pritiska u lopti, udaljenosti serveraod osnovne linije, veličine elevacionog ugla, udarnevisine servera, sile zemljine teže i otpora vazduha (Stojanović,Kostić i Ne{ić, 2010, str. 61).Slike 1 i 2 pokazuju položaj ruke, odnosno dlana kojim seudara po lopti, kao i mjesto udarca po lopti.Slika 2: Položaj i povr{ina dlana kod udarcaFigure 2: Position of the palm and surface at kickPROFESSIONAL PAPERSTRUČNI ČLANAKLast European Volleyball Championship for men, held inAustria and the Czech Republic, has definitely shown thatspike service is no longer the most powerful and most efficientservice. When we needed to additionally burden the servicereception of other teams, the coach of European champions-Serbia-did not introduce players with a powerful and devastatingspike service, but chose players who have an extremelyunpleasant and accurate floater from the jump (float).Float service won the last point in the final and with an ace.On the women’s volleyball championship which was heldZadnje evropsko prvenstvo u odbojci za mu{karce, održanou Austriji i Če{koj, definitivno je pokazalo da smeč servisvi{e nije najmoćniji i najefikasniji servis. Kad je trebalo dodatnoopteretiti prijem servisa kod protivničkih ekipa selektorevropskih prvaka - Srbije nije uvodio igrače sa snažnimi razornim smeč servisima, nego je uvodio igrače koji imajuizuzetno neugodan i precizan lelujavi servis iz skoka (flot).Flot servisom osvojen je i zadnji poen u finalu i to asom. Naženskom odbojka{kom prvenstvu koje se održalo u Beogradui u kojem je takođe reprezentacija Srbije osvojila178

Vojvodi}, M. i ]ele{, N.: METODOLOGIJA IZVO\ENJA SERVISA U ODBOJCI... Zbornik radova 2011, 173–182in Belgrade, where the Serbian national team also won thegold medal, float service was dominant compared to otherservices.There are several ways of performing the float service whichdiffer from each other, and this can be seen in:•a different way of running- momentum with two steps- momentum with three steps- momentum with four and more steps•variations in drop ball implementation- taking and jump ball with one hand- taking and jump ball with two hands•different kinds of reflection- reflection on one leg- reflection on two legsHere are some of these ways:The ball is held with both hands in front of the body at hiplevel. The move starts with the right foot, then we catchmomentum with the left foot, kick, right foot, left foot, reflecton both feet and kick the ball. Landing is in the court.Slika 3: Flot-četiri koraka (izno{enje i podbacivanje sa dvije ruke)Figure 3: Float-four steps (carrying out and tossing with two hands)zlatnu medalju, flot servis je bio dominantan u odnosu nadruge servise.Postoji vi{e načina izvođenja flot servisa koji se razlikujujedni od drugih, a to očituju se u:• različitom načinu zaleta- zalet sa dva koraka- zalet sa tri koraka- zalet sa četiri i vi{e koraka• različitom načinu podbacivanja lopte- izno{enje i podbacivanje jednom rukom- izno{enje i podbacivanje sa dvije ruke• različitoj vrsti odraza- odraz sa jedne noge- odraz sa dvije nogeEvo nekih od tih načina:Lopta se drži sa obe ruke ispred tijela u visini kukova. Krećese sa desnom nogom, zatim lijeva kojom hvatamo zalet,izbačaj, desna, lijeva, odraz sa obe noge i udarac po lopti.Doskok je u teren.Slika 4: Flot – četiri koraka iz drugog ugla (izno{enje i izbačaj sa dvije ruke)Figure 4: Float - four steps from another angle (carrying out and tossing with two hands)PROFESSIONAL PAPERSTRUČNI ČLANAK179

Vojvodi}, M., & ]ele{, N.: METHODOLOGY OF SERVING IN VOLLEYBALL... Proceedings 2011, 173–182Slika 5: Koraci kod izvođenja flota sa četiri korakaFigure 5: The steps in the derivation of the float with four stepsBesides the float service which is performed from the runningin four steps, it is important to emphasize that many volleyballplayers perform this version of the float service withonly three steps and it is perhaps used more often. The onlydifference is in the first step because the move begins withthe left leg when the ball is tossed, then right foot, left foot,reflects on both feet and kicks the ball....Pored flot servisa koji se izvodi iz zaleta od četiri koraka,bitno je naglasiti da mnogo odbojka{ica izvodi ovu verzijuflot servisa samo sa tri koraka i da je on je možda i če{će uupotrebi. Razlika je jedino u prvom koraku jer se kreće salijeve noge kad se i podbacuje lopta, zatim desna, lijeva,odraz sa obe noge i udarac po lopti.Slika 6: Flot servis sa skip korakom (izno{enje i podbacivanje sa dvije ruke)Figure 6: Float service with skip step (carrying out and tossing with two hands)Slika 7: Izbačaj jednom rukom, dva koraka, odraz sa jedne noge i doskok u terenFigure 7: Toss with one hand, two steps, with the reflection from one foot and landing in a fieldPROFESSIONAL PAPERSTRUČNI ČLANAKThe ball is held with both hands outstretched in front of thebody. It starts with the right foot, jump ball, right foot again(like a child jumping), and then left leg and reflection onboth legs, and then kick the ball. Landing is also deep in thecourt ground.Lopta se drži sa obe ispružene ruke ispred tijela.Kreće sedesnom nogom, podbacivanje, ponovo desna noga(kaodječiji poskok), pa onda lijeva i odraz sa obe noge, te udaracpo lopti. Doskok je takođe, duboko u teren.180

Vojvodi}, M. i ]ele{, N.: METODOLOGIJA IZVO\ENJA SERVISA U ODBOJCI... Zbornik radova 2011, 173–182Slika 8: Izbačaj jednom rukom, zalet tri koraka, odraz sa obe nogeFigure 8: Toss with one hand, three-step momentum, reflection from both legsIt starts with the left foot, then right, left foot and reflectionwith both feet and kicks the ball. As it can be seen from thepicture above, landing after kick is behind the baseline atabout 1.5m to 2m. This method is often done so that thelanding after the service is in the field, or to reflect the serviceright next to the baseline.As with other modes of service delivery, certain irregularitiesand errors can occur during the delivery of the jump floatservice. These errors are often an inadequate initial position,incorrect steps during a drop ball, inadequate ball heightand manner of jump ball. In addition, the ball is not hit toreach the highest point, and it is often inadequate handcontact with the ball which causes ball rotation.ConclusionKreće se lijevom, zatim desna, lijeva, te odraz sa obe nogei udarac po lopti. Kao {to se može vidjeti na slici gore, doskokposlije udarca je iza osnovne linije na otprilike 1.5m do2m. Ovaj način se često izvodi i tako da doskok poslijeservisa bude u terenu, odnosno da odraz za servis bude tikuz osnovnu liniju.Kao i kod drugih načina izvođenja servise i kod izvođenjaflot servisa iz skoka dolazi do određenih nepravilnosti igre{aka. Te gre{ke su najče{će u neadekvatnom početnomstavu, pogre{nim koracima pri podbacivanju lopte, neadekvatnavisina podbačene lopte i način podbacivanje. Osim toga,lopta se ne udara u najvi{oj tački dohvata, a čest je i nepravilankontakt dlana i lopte, zbog čega dolazi do rotacije lopte.ZaključakEvery technical element in volleyball, including service, is aunit of movement of players and a ball, and those interrelationshipsof movement of players and a ball are governedby certain principles. These laws are studied and analyzed,and the purpose of this analysis is to improve and facilitatefurther development and efficiency of service. Ability andknowledge of service delivery, with the right individual andcollective tactical implementation of services, can often bethe deciding factor in the final outcome of the game. Whatevery coach and player should and must know is that duringservice delivery there is no need to hurry, unless this is partof the tactic. The player needs to remain calm, maintainingcomposure and complete concentration. Each service hasits advantages and disadvantages, so the eternal dilemma ofcoaches and players is which service should be applied inthe most vulnerable stages of the game.Should you apply a strong spike service with a huge risk andthe possibility of major errors or use a weaker service withoutrisk, thus providing an opportunity for the opponent toplay around it, is a matter of choice at the given moment.However, the strategy applied by the Serbian coach at thelast European Championship may have surprised many, butalso showed that the service can be just as unpleasant anddisrupt the reception of the opponent, and there’s less riskof error in the service when it’s performed from the jumpwithout rotation (float service). Today, this service is rightSvaki tehnički elemenat u odbojci, pa tako i servis, predstavljajednu cjelinu kretanja igrača i lopte, a ti međusobniodnosi kretanja igrača i lopte su regulisani određenim zakonitostima.Te zakonitosti se proučavaju i analiziraju, asvrha te analize je da se pobolj{a i omogući dalji razvoj iefikasnost servisa. Sposobnost i znanje izvođenja servisa, uzispravnu individualnu i kolektivnu taktičku realizaciju servisačesto mogu da budu odlučujući faktor u krajnjemishodu utakmice. Ono {to svaki trener, pa i igrač trebaju imoraju znati je da se pri izvođenju servisa ne treba žuriti,osim ako to nije dio taktike. Igrač treba da zadrži mirnoću,staloženost i potpunu koncentraciju.Svaki servis ima svojedobre strane, ali i nedostatke, pa je vječita dilema trenera iigrača koji servis u najosjetljivijim fazama utakmice trebaservirati.Da li odservirati jak smeč servis sa puno rizika i velikommogućno{ću gre{ke ili slabiji servis bez rizika i na taj načinpružiti priliku protivniku da se razigra, stvar je izbora u datomtrenutku. Međutim, ono {to je radio selektor Srbije na zadnjemevropskom prvenstvu možda je mnoge iznenadilo, alii pokazalo da servis koji može biti isto tako neugodan iporemetiti prijem protivniku, a uz to je i neuporedivomanji rizik od gre{ke kod njegovog izvođenja je servis izskoka bez rotacije (flot servis). Danas je ovaj servis u mu{kojPROFESSIONAL PAPERSTRUČNI ČLANAK181

Vojvodi}, M., & ]ele{, N.: METHODOLOGY OF SERVING IN VOLLEYBALL... Proceedings 2011, 173–182behind the spike service in male competition, and remainsthe most dominant in female competition.There is no book on volleyball which can be found here,that in one way or another does not analyze all types ofservices, and the techniques and methodologies of theirperformance. In many books we find detailed analyses anddescriptions of services that have long since disappearedand are nowhere in use, even in elementary schools (variouslower and upper services to the punch, and the side servicewhich is no longer in use even in the countries where it wasinvented), and the jump float serve which is now almostnon-existent in literature. Service from the spot withoutrotation, which is described in detail in all textbooks, issimilar to the service of the jump without rotation (floatservice) only in the point of impact, and part of the palmhitting the ball, while everything else is different. There arecertain similarities with the spike service and only in someoptions of the float service in the starting phase, but everythingelse is different. We guess that due to similarities with boththe (float service without jump) and the (spike service), theservice from the jump without rotation (float service) is insufficientlyor almost never described, analyzed and representedin our textbooks. This paper is only a small andmodest attempt to rectify this imbalance.konkurenciji odmah iza smeč servisa, a u ženskoj je najdominantniji.Ne postoji knjiga iz odbojke, koja se može naći kod nas, ada se na ovaj ili onaj način ne analiziraju sve vrste servisa,te tehnike i metodologija njihovog izvođenja. U velikombroju knjiga analiziraju se i do detalja opisuju servisi koji sudavno nestali i vi{e se nigdje ne koriste, pa čak ni u osnovnim{kolama (razni donji i gornji servisi sa udarcima {akom, tebočni koji se ne izvode vi{e ni u zemljama iz kojih su potekli),a flot servis iz skoka gotovo da ne postoji u literaturi.Servis iz mjesta bez rotacije(lelujavac), koji postoji opisando detalja u svim udžbenicima, sličan je sa servisom iz skokabez rotacije(flot servis), samo po mjestu udarca po lopti idijelom dlana kojim se udara po lopti, a po svemu ostalomse razlikuje. Postoje određene sličnosti i sa smeč servisom,i to isključivo u nekim varijantama flot servisa u fazi zaleta,a sve ostalo je drugačije. Valjda zato {to ima sličnosti i sajednom (lelujavac) i drugom vrstom servisa (smeč servis),servis iz skoka bez rotacije (flot servis) je nedovoljno ili skoronikako opisan, analiziran i zastupljen u na{im udžbenicima.Ovaj rad je samo mali i skromni poku{aj da se ta nesrazmjeraispravi.ReferenceJanković, V., & Marelić, N. (1995). Odbojka ŠVolleyball¹.Zagreb: Fakultet fizi~ke kulture.Janković, V., & Marelić, N. (2003). Odbojka za sve ŠVolleyballfor everybody¹. Zagreb: Autorska naklada.Kostić, R., & Kalajdžić,D. (1995). Odbojka - Metodikasportske pripreme ŠVolleyball – Methods of sports preparation¹.Ni{: Studentski kulturni centar.Kostić, R. (1999). Odbojka-tehnika i taktika ŠVolleyball– technique and tactics¹. Ni{: Samostalno izdanje autora.Marelić, N., & Janković, V.(1996). Odbojka{ke tehnikeŠVolleyball techniques¹. Zadar: Cezar press.Selinger, A.(2000). Snažna odbojka ŠPower Volleyball¹.Beograd: Udruženje odbojka{kih trenera Jugoslavije.Stojanović, T., Kostić, R., & Ne{ić, G. (2010). Odbojka--tehnika i taktika ŠVolleyball – technique and tactics¹.Banja Luka: Kasper.Tomić, D. (1976). Sto treninga odbojke ŠOne hundredvolleyball practices¹. Beograd: Savez za fizičku kulturuJugoslavije.Tomić, D. (1986). [kola odbojke ŠSchool of volleyball¹.Beograd: Partizan.Korespodencija/Correspodence to:Dr Milenko Vojvodi}Phone: 0038765750967E-mail: milenkoblªgmail.comPROFESSIONAL PAPERSTRUČNI ČLANAK182