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B/ 400 x'V ;tkoK dh fJe ;?fBe N[eVh ekfJw eo bJh. T[; dk<br />
;j[ok nwho f;zx r[ZioKtkbhnk seVk fiawhdko ;h fi; dk gzE ftu<br />
uzrk ;fseko ;h. T[; dhnK B/e ;bkjK B/ uVQs f;zx ~ ;cb<strong>sk</strong> tZb<br />
s'fonk. T[; dh fJj ;aos j[zdh ;h fe fi; B/ w/oh ;?Bk ftu Gosh<br />
j'Dk j? T[; bJh gfjbK nzfwqs SeDk iao{oh j?. nkgD/ fgzv d/ Bkw<br />
T[go T[; B/ nkgDh BthI fw;b @F[eouZ<strong>eh</strong>nk# pDkT[D dk n?bkB eo<br />
fdZ<strong>sk</strong> ns/ eJh fJbke/ nkgDh okyh gqDkbh nXhB eo bJ/. b{D dhnK<br />
ykDk dh okyh eoB ;dek T[; dh nkwdB ftu uzrk tkXk j'fJnk.<br />
T[j J/Bk db/o j' frnk ;h fe rtoBo bkj"o dh gqtkj BjhI eodk<br />
;h. fJe tko rtoBo ytkik T[p/dykB B/ r[ioK tkb/ feb/ ftu T[;<br />
~ x/o fbnk. T[j okshI r/N y'b e/ nfij/ yz{yko jZb/ eodk fe ;?IeV/<br />
bkj"ohnK ~ w"s d/ xkN T[<strong>sk</strong>odk. pj[s ;kok ikBh ns/ wkbh B[e;kB<br />
eotk e/ p/fJias Btkp bkj"o gofsnk. fJt/I jh id'I nfjwd ;akj<br />
npdkbh Bkb w[mZG/VK j[zdhnK ;B sK db ykb;k d/ w'johnK ftu uVQs<br />
f;zx j[zdk. fJe tko T[; B/ npdkbh d/ ioB?b B;hoykB, i' pkoK<br />
jiako ;?fBeK dk nkr{ ;h, ~ seVh jko fdZsh, T[; dk x'Vk wo frnk<br />
s/ T[j ikB puk e/ g?db d"V frnk.<br />
;'jB bkb ;{oh ns/ p{N/ ;akj fbyd/ jB fe npdkbh dk ukuk<br />
;op[bzd ykB d; pkoK jiako dh ;?Bk b? e/ e;awho s'I ekpb tb ik<br />
fojk ;h sK nNe dfonk bkr/ uVQs f;zx B/ T[; s/ jZbk p'b fdZ<strong>sk</strong>.<br />
;?Bk yd/V fdZsh s/ e;awho dk fJj rtoBo pzdh pDk fbnk. d' bZy<br />
o[gJ/ t;{b eoe/ T[;dh fojkJh <strong>eh</strong>sh. 1770 Jh;th ftu T[;dh w"s<br />
j'Jh. p/;ae T[; dk p/Nk wjK f;zx fJ; ;w/I d; ;kb dk ;h, go<br />
T[j seV/ fto;/ dk wkbe pfDnk. fg<strong>sk</strong> dh nukBe j'Jh w"s t/b/<br />
feT[Ife wjK f;zx ni/ pZuk ;h, fw;b dk gq;ak;B wk<strong>sk</strong> d/;K B/ ;zGkb<br />
fbnk i' nZS/ ftjko tkbh db/o fJ;soh ;h. ;ko/ fo;as/dko seV/<br />
;odko j'D ekoB T[; dk nZSk dpdpk ;h. wjK f;zx fi; dk iBw<br />
1760 ftu j'fJnk ;h B/ 1779 ftu S/ jiako ;?fBe b? e/ o;{bBro<br />
d/ gho w[jzwd ~ jok fdZ<strong>sk</strong>. T[; dh ikfJdkd iaps eo bJh. Gkt/I<br />
uZfmnK B/ pdbk b?D tk;s/ eJh t/o prakts <strong>eh</strong>sh go ;cb Bk j'J/<br />
;r'I jo/e prkts wro'I wjK f;zx j'o tXhe fJbke/ T[go epiak iwk<br />
b?Idk. uZfmnK T[go cfsj gqkgs eoB T[gozs wjK f;zx ~ y[;aypoh<br />
fwbh fe T[; d/ xo p/N/ B/ iBw fbnk j? sK fiZs dh tik eoe/<br />
g[Zso dk Bkw oDihs f;zx oZfynk frnk. iBtoh 1784 ftu T[; B/<br />
izw{ fonk;s d/ wkbe okik fpqi oki d/T[ s/ jwbk eo fdZ<strong>sk</strong>. okik<br />
vo e/ d"V frnk sK wjK f;zx d/ jZE fJe eo'V o[gJ/ dh oew bZrh.<br />
fJfsjk;eko fJ; Bkb ;fjws jB fe fJ; t/b/ F[eouZ<strong>eh</strong>nK fw;b dh<br />
;?Bk dh frDsh x'V ;tko ns/ g?dbK ;w/s gZuh jiako ;h. ;qHwjK<br />
f;zx B/ nkgDh okiXkBh r[ioKtkbk oZyh ns/ EK-EK mkD/ ns/ ndkb<strong>sk</strong><br />
ekfJw <strong>eh</strong>shnK. gNtkoh, ek~r', w[eZdw ns/ ekodkoK s'I b? e/<br />
tiahokpkd ftu nkgDk rtoBo <strong>sZe</strong> fB:[es <strong>eh</strong><strong>sk</strong>. id'I fJ; ;odko<br />
dh p[yko ns/ g/u;a Bkb nukBe w"s j'Jh sd T[; dh T[wo e/tb<br />
30 ;kb ;h. i/ fes/ fJj d[oxNBk Bk tkgodh sd ;H wjK f;zx B/<br />
bkj"o T[go fB;akB ;kfjp bfjok e/ ykb;k ;oeko ekfJw eoBh ;h.<br />
go fJfsjk; ~ fJj wBia{o ;h fe ykb;k ;N/N ekfJw eoB bJh w"ek<br />
wjK f;zx d/ p/N/ oDihs f;zx ~ gqkgs j't/. eBQjhnk fw;b dk i?<br />
f;zx ;odko ns/ T[; dk p/Nk r[opy;a f;zx F[eouZ<strong>eh</strong>nK dh uVQs s'I<br />
Jhoyk yKd/ ;B. nkg; ftu d'jK fw;bK dhnK eJh MVgK j'JhnK fiBQK<br />
ftu jo tkoh wjK f;zx i/s{ j[zdk s/ fJe MVg ftu i? f;zx dk p/Nk<br />
wkfonk frnk. i? f;zx ns/ T[; dh ~j ;dk e"o, (r[opy;a f;zx dh<br />
ftXtk) B/ fJj d[;awDh w[ekT[D bJh oDihs f;zx Bkb nkgDh p/Nh<br />
dh wzrDh eo fdZsh. fJj pVk d{o nzd/;a ca?;bk ;h fi; Bkb d'<br />
<strong>sk</strong>esto fw;bK fJeZmhnK j' rJhnK. 15 ngq?b 1790 Jh;th ftu ;qH<br />
wjK f;zx dh w"s j' rJh sd oDihs f;zx d; ;kb dk ;h. fw;b<br />
dh fBrokBh ;Z; ;dk e"o d/ jZEK ftu nk rJh fijVh T[; B/ pky{ph<br />
fBGkJh.<br />
S/ ;kb dh T[wo ftu T[j fsy/ t/r ftu tfjzd/ MBk dfonk ~<br />
gko eo b?Idk ;h. d; ;kb dh T[wo d/ pkbe oDihs f;zx ~ gVQBk<br />
fbyDk f;ykT[D tk;s/ GkJh Gzrk f;zx d/ v/o/ ftu dkyb eotkfJnk<br />
frnk. v/ok xo'I d{o j'D eoe/ oDihs f;zx x'V/ s/ ;tko j[zdk ns/<br />
v/o/ ftu ikD dh pikfJ okth dfonk ftu s?odk iK ;kEh pZfunK ~<br />
Bkb b? e/ f;aeko y/vdk. f;oc fJjh BjhI fe y[d gVQB ftu p/fXnkBh<br />
fdykJh, eJh ;kEhnK ~ th gVQkJh Bkb'I f;aeko y/vD dh wjZs<strong>sk</strong><br />
;wMkJh. fJj fB<strong>eh</strong> fijh i[zvbh y/vK ftu w;s ofjzdh. d{o d[okv/<br />
izrbK ftu x[zwDk s/ ysoBke ikBtoK Bkb w[ekpb/ eoB/ T[; dk<br />
g;zdhdk ezw ;h.<br />
136 / r"<strong>sw</strong> <strong>s'A</strong> <strong>sk</strong>;<strong>eh</strong> <strong>sZe</strong> 137 / r"<strong>sw</strong> <strong>s'A</strong> <strong>sk</strong>;<strong>eh</strong> <strong>sZe</strong>