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Marian Maciejuk PUBLIC AID FOR ENTREPRENEURS IN POLAND IN THE PERIOD OF 2004-2006 basic role in market correct functioning and the protection of customers’ interests. Public aid should by no means infringe it, unless such breach is compensated by positive market phenomena stimulated and obtained as the result of granting the aid. The State does not have to provide assistance, it may also by no means represent an act of donation. Owing to the offered aid the State carries out goals which are regarded as priorities for social and economic development. Following Polish accession to the European Union, public aid for small and medium enterprises was adjusted to the EU standards, including also the assistance of local authority units, which became ingrained in the system of public aid, part of which is monitoring and audit of both the granting entities and the aid beneficiaries. Obtaining public aid is not easy since it requires going through a complicated formal procedure, meeting many requirements by beneficiaries, eg. maintaining a work place for at least a year, informing the entity granting aid within the framework of de minimis assistance about every single aid qualified as such, etc. While evaluating the influence of public aid granted to Polish entrepreneurs, in the period of 2004-2006, on competition, its biggest beneficiaries should be pointed to, within the framework of sector oriented aid. Among them there are large entities representing mining industry the aid for which is targeted towards covering extraordinary costs. Another “sensitive” sector opening a possibility of breaching competitiveness rules, owing to a significant value of the obtained aid, is the sector of ship construction. This aid was taken advantage of by two companies: Stocznia Szczecińska Nowa Ltd. (The Shipyard in Szczecin) and Stocznia Gdynia S.A. (The Shipyard in Gdynia, Joint Stock Company). The granted public aid was directed, following the Strategy for shipbuilding sector, towards restructuring and privatization of these companies and providing them with opportunities for competitiveness in the global scale. The return of public aid undue for Polish shipyards will results in their bankruptcy. Among the beneficiaries who received significant aid amounts there are entities running their businesses in the area of special economic zones and especially in motorization, electronics and home appliances sector. These entities were mainly taking advantage of regional assistance, which possible negative influence is diminished by speeding up the development of regions most underdeveloped economically, as well as eliminating disproportions in the development of particular regions. In spite of the fact that aid granted in the transport sector was distinguished, since 2004, from the overall amount of public aid, owing to its major value its potential influence on competition should be pointed to. It was only in 2006 that the value of aid in transport sector amounted to 1 407,2 million PLN, out of which 1 128,2 million PLN was granted to the railway transport sector. Generally, apart from the above presented doubts, public aid granted to entrepreneurs, in the analyzed period of time, presented limited influence on competition. This is supported by the fact that the dominating target for public aid becomes its horizontal and regional orientation. Sector oriented aid presents a significantly slumping tendency. 34
Marian Maciejuk PUBLIC AID FOR ENTREPRENEURS IN POLAND IN THE PERIOD OF 2004-2006 References: [1] Akty prawa powszechnie obowiązującego pod hasłem: Pomoc publiczna dla przedsiębiorców. http://lex.ae.wroc.pl/ [2] Analiza zmian w prawie polskim w związku z przystąpieniem Polski do Unii Europejskiej – konsekwencje dla konsumentów i przedsiębiorców Urząd Komitetu Integracji Europejskiej. Warszawa, marzec – czerwiec 2003 [3] MACIEJUK, M. Gminna pomoc publiczna dla przedsiębiorstw po akcesji Polski do Unii Europejskiej. W: Polityka zrównoważonego rozwoju oraz instrumenty zarządzania miastem. Pr. zb. pod red. J.Słodczyka i D.Rajchela. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Opolskiego. Opole 2006 [4] MACIEJUK, M. Gminna pomoc publiczna przedsiębiorcom po wejściu polski do Unii Europejskiej – przykład Jeleniej Góry. W: Gospodarka lokalna i regionalna w teorii i praktyce. Pr. zb. pod red. D.Strahl. PN AE we Wrocławiu nr 1124. Wrocław 2006 [5] MACIEJUK, M. State aid to business in Poland. W: Regionalni aspecty socioekonomickeho vyvoje. Edited by Miloslav Sasek. Faculty of Social and Economics Studies Jan Evangelista Purkyne University in Usti nad Labem 2005 [6] Raporty o pomocy publicznej w Polsce udzielonej przedsiębiorcom w latach 2004- 2006. Urząd Ochrony Konkurencji i Konsumentów. Warszawa 2005-2007 [7] Rozporządzenie Komisji (WE) nr 69/2001 z dnia 12 stycznia 2001 r. w sprawie stosowania art. 87 i 88 Traktatu WE do pomocy w ramach zasady de minimis (Dz. Urz. WE.L.10. z 13 stycznia 2001 r.) [8] Rozporządzenie Komisji (WE) nr 70/2001 z dnia 12 stycznia 2001 r. dotyczące stosowania art. 87 i 88 Traktatu ustanawiającego WE dotyczących pomocy publicznej dla małych i średnich przedsiębiorstw (Dz. Urz. WE.L.10. z 13 stycznia 2001 r.) [9] Traktat akcesyjny . Płyta CD. Tak! Łączymy Polskę z Europą. Polska Fundacja im. Roberta Schumana, Warszawa 2004 [10] Ustawa z dnia 30 kwietnia 2004 r. o postępowaniu w sprawach dotyczących pomocy publicznej (Dz. U. nr 123/2004, poz. 1291) 35
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Page 16 and 17: Zbyněk Kuna ČESKÁ EKONOMIKA A JE
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Martin Musil, Kateřina Dušáková
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Ivana Nemšáková, Pavol Kolenčí
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Miroslava Szarková EFEKTÍVNA KOMU
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Miroslava Szarková EFEKTÍVNA KOMU
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Jan Tlučhoř VYUŽÍVÁNÍ PPC REK
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HODNOTA ASYMETRICKÝCH SMLUVNÍCH V
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Jan Vlachý HODNOTA ASYMETRICKÝCH
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Milan Závurka MANAŽERSKÁ SMLOUVA
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Jan Získal RIZIKOVOST VYUŽÍVÁN
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Jan Získal RIZIKOVOST VYUŽÍVÁN
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