Tavi VI qarTuli eklesia VII saukuneSi

432 mitropoliti mitropoliti anania anania jafariZe 

jafariZe 

Tavi VI 

qarTuli eklesia VII saukuneSi 

...mamuli da erovneba miaSvela 

samRvdeloebam rjuls, rjuli _ mamulsa 

da erovnebasa da egreT moZRvrebulma 

erma es sameba waimZRvara win... 

ilia ilia ilia ilia ilia marTali marTali marTali 

marTali marTali

saqarTvelos saqarTvelos samociqulo samociqulo eklesiis eklesiis istoria 

istoria 

qveynis zogadi mdgomareoba 

VII saukuneSi 

433 

VI saukunis II naxevarSi gardaicvala qarTlis mefe bakuri. `mokuda 

bakur da darCes Svilni misni wurilni, romelni ver i pyrobdes mefobasa~. 1 

qarTlSi gauqmda mefoba. saukunis bolos sparseTis mefem hormizdma Tavisi 

Ze, qasre (xosro) ambarvezi gamogzavna saqarTvelos mosazRvre teritoriebis 

mmarTvelad. bardavSi mjdomma qasrem qarTlis erisTavebi gadaibira, 

aRuTqva maT didi sikeTe, ris gamoc isini ganudgnen qarTvel mefeTa 

taxts da saTiTaod uxdidnen xarks qasres, rac saxelmwifos daSlas 

niSnavda. amis Semdeg male sparseTSi SeiWrnen Turqebi da berZnebi. qasre 

iZulebuli gaxda mietovebina bardavi da sparseTSi wasuliyo. Seqmnili 

mdomareoba qarTvelebma Tavisi saxelmwifos aRdgenisaTvis gamoiyenes. 

èsreT ra ucalo iqmnes sparsni, maSin SeiTqunes yovelni erisTavni 

qarTlisani, zemoni da quemoni, da wagzavnes mociquli winaSe berZenTa 

mefisa da iTxoves, raTa uCinos mefe naTesavTagan mefeTa qarTlisaTa da 

raTa iyvnen erisTavni igi TYsTYssa saerisTaosa Seucvalebelad~. 2. 

keisars aRusrulebia qarTveli erisTavebis Txovna _ `maSin keisarman 

aRasrula Txovna maTi, da mosca mefed diswuli mirdatisi, vaxtangis Zisa, 

berZnis colisagan, romelsa erqva guaram, romeli mTavrobda klarjeTs da 

javaxeTs~. 3 

guaram kurapalati dedis mxridan farnavazian-xosroiani yofila, xolo 

mamis mxridan bagratovani. keisarma guaram kurapalats daaqiravebina Crdilokavkasielebi 

da Seagzavnina sparseTSi. sparseTSi SeWrili mebrZolebi 

daamarcxa mxedarTmTavarma bahram Cubinma. berZenTa jarma da misma mokav- 

Sireebma sparseTi datoves. amis Semdeg gamarjvebuli bahram Cubini aujanyda 

sparseTis mefes, daamarcxa is da Camoagdo taxtidan. mefis Ze bizantiaSi 

gaiqca. keisarma mas Tavisi asuli miaTxova, misca jari da Segzavna sparseT- 

Si. qasrem, anu xosro II-m (591-628) daamarcxa ajanyebulebi da gamefda. 

àm daxmarebis samadloblad xosro II-m, somexi istorikosis sebeosis 

sityviT, iberiis mometebuli nawili q. Tbilisamde mavrike keisars gadasca. 

es unda momxdariyo 591 wels. am daTmobis Sedegad iberia kvlav orad 

gaiyo. amasTanave iberiis dasavleTi nawili q. Tbilisamde bizantiis xelSi


jafariZe 

gadasula, xolo aRmosavleTi nawili isev sparsTa batonebs SerCenia. mefe 

xosrom amas garda Tavis samefoSi qristianobis Tavisufleba gamoacxada~. 4 

`qarTlis cxovrebis~ Tanaxmad, siZesa da simamrs, anu xosrosa da mavrike 

keisars Soris sazavo SeTanxmebisas, gansakuTrebuli yuradReba miqcevia 

qarTuli eklesiis saqmes. kerZod, bizantia amtkicebda, rom sparsTa batonobis 

dros saqarTveloSi qristianoba Seiryvna _ `mZlavrebisagan... iqmnis 

garyunil qarTli~. amitomac berZenTa mxarem xosros moTxovna wauyena: 

`...vinaATgan srulsa siyuarulsa zeda varT me da Sen da qarTli Cuen 

Soris iyavn Tavisufal mSYdobiT: me var mwe da mouravi yovelTa qarTvel- 

Ta da yovelTa qristianeTa~. 5 amis Semdeg, 591 wlidan daaxloebiT 604 

wlamde, saqarTvelo ganTavisuflebula sparsTa batonobisagan _ `ganTavisufldes 

qarTvelni da ese guaram kurapalati dadga morCilebasa zeda 

berZenTasa~. 6 

`qarTlis cxovrebis~ am cnobas exmianeba uxtanesi, romelic amtkicebs, 

rom kirionma Tavisi cnobili moZraoba daiwyo mavrike keisris uSualo 

mxardaWeriT, e.i. qarTlis sparsTagan Tavisuflebis dros. marTlac, kirioni 

somexTagan `ganyofisaTvis~ moZraobis dawyebas ver gabedavda sparsTa 

saqarTveloze batonobis dros. man isargebla im momentiT, roca bizantielebma 

saqarTvelo TiTqmis Tbilisamde gaaTavisufles. marTalia, 604 

wlidan 607-609 wlebis CaTvliT saqarTvelo kvlav sparseTis zegavlenas 

ganicdis, magram am wlebSi _ ierusalimis dapyrobamde _ xosro II-s gamocxadebuli 

hqonda qristianTa Tavisufleba. uxtanesis Tanaxmad, `sumbatma... 

keisris nebac Seityo, rom Tanaxmaa kirionis da misi brZanebiT ariso es 

ambavi~. z. aleqsiZe daaskvnis: `sparseTis mefes axlad dapyrobil qveynebSi 

religiis Tavisufleba ucvnia... kirionis religiur politikaSi CarTulia 

bizantiis keisari da yvelaferi misi brZanebiT xdeba~. 7 

guaram kurapalatis Zem, stefanozma, `mefobisa saxeli ver ikadra spars- 

Ta da berZenTa SiSisagan, aramed erisTavTa mTavrad xadodes~. 8 igi àtarebda 

patrikiozis bizantiur tituls, Semdeg ganudga bizantias da sparseTis 

orientaciis gzas daadga~. 9 stefanozis orientaciis Secvla gamoiwvia politikurma 

viTarebam _ mavrike keisari da misi memkvidreebi daxoca ajanyebulma 

mxedarTmTavarma fokam. sparsTa mefe xosro II aRaSfoTa simamrisa 

da colisZmebis daxocvam, SeiWra saberZneTSi da foka daamarcxa. am dros 

`stefanoz, mTavari qarTlisa, SeuSinda mefesa sparsTasa, ganudga berZenTa 

da mieqca sparsTa~. 10 

604 wlidan xosrom gadamwyveti upiratesoba moipova bizantiasTan brZolaSi 

amierkavkasiis teritoriaze. sparseTis es upiratesoba 620-ian wlebamde 

grZeldeba. 11 

607 wlisaTvis `qarTlidan bizantielebi ukve gandevnes sparselebma, 

magram aq maT Tavisi xelisufleba jer kidev mtkiced ar daumyarebiaT~. 12


istoria 

435 

swored am mizeziT unda aixsnas am wlebSi sparseTis mier religiuri 

Tavisuflebis gamocxadebis faqtic. 

z. aleqsiZis azriT `VII saukunis pirvel aTeulSi qarTli Zlieri saxelmwifoa...~ 

13 marTlac, qarTlis Zlierebis safuZvels qmnida aRmosavleTdasavleT 

saqarTvelos faqtiuri gaerTianeba, ris Sedegadac dasavleT 

saqarTvelosac `qarTli~ ewodeboda. qarTlis Zliereba imaSic gamovlinda, 

rom man Tamamad miiRo is sarwmunoebrivi orientacia, romelic Tavisi 

erovnuli arsebobis safuZvlad miaCnda. kirionis gabeduli moqmedeba, cxadia, 

qarTlis siZlieres emyareba. `juanSeris monaTxrobidan aseTi viTareba 

warmogvidgeba: bizantiis politikuri uflebis qveS guaram kurapalatis 

mTavrobiT (Tu mefobiT) erTiandeba qarTli da aRdgeba leonti mrovelisagan 

aRwerili `yoveli qarTlis~ farglebSi (daaxloebiT im rva saerisTavos 

farglebSi, romelic farnavazma `ganaCina~)~. 14 

sruliad icvleba qarTuli eklesiis mdgomareoba 613-614 wlebidan _ 

xosro II-is mier ierusalimis aRebis Semdgom. am dromde is yvela qristianul 

adgilobriv eklesias met-nakleb sarwmunoebriv Tavisuflebas ani- 

Webda, ierusalimis aRebis Semdgom man gasca mkacri brZaneba: `yvela Cemma 

qveSevrdomma qristianma unda miiRos somxuri sarwmunoeba~. es brZaneba 

sruliadac ar iyo lmobieri. ZalaSi Sedioda qarTlisaTvisac...~ 15 

ierusalimis aRebis Semdeg, daaxloebiT 614 wels xosro II-m moiwvia 

saeklesio, e.w. `sparsuli kreba~, romelsac Zalze didi mniSvneloba eniWeboda. 

misi gadawyvetilebis aRsruleba savaldebulo iyo sparseTis imperiaSi 

moqceuli yvela eklesiisaTvis, maT Soris qarTuli eklesiisTvisac. 

`bizantiaze gamarjvebis pirvel etapze, sebeosis mixedviT, xosros dapyrobili 

qveynebisaTvis marTlac miucia religiis Tavisufleba da `xorcieli 

samsaxuriT~ dakmayofilebula, magram ierusalimis `wartyvevis~ Semdeg 

xosrom radikalurad Seicvala pozicia da e.w. `sparsuli krebac~ swored 

amitom moiwvia~. 16 

es kreba mouwveviaT sparseTis samefo karze. Zveli wyaroebi aRniSnaven, 

rom VI saukunis pirvel naxevarSi kavad mefisa da misi Zis, xosro I-is dros 

yvela qristians ufleba eZleoda somexTa, anu somxuri sarwmunoebis Seviwroebis 

gareSe hqonoda Tavisi aRmsarebloba. VII saukunis I naxevarSi ki, 

xosro II-s gaucia brZaneba, rom mis yvela qveSevrdom qristians mieRo 

somxuri sarwmunoeba. adre `kavad mefem da misma Zem xosrom gasces brZaneba: 

`TiToeulma Tavis sarwmunoeba ipyras da nuravis eqneba somexTa Seviwroebis 

ufleba...~. 17 614 wlis krebis dadgenilebis safuZvelze ki xosrom 

daadgina: `yvela Cemma qveSevrdomma qristianma unda miiRos somxuri sarwmunoeba~. 

18 xosro II-is es brZaneba mniSvnelovnad gansxvavdeba misi winamorbedis, 

xosro I-is gankargulebisagan. Tu xosro I aravis aZlevda Tavis imperiaSi 

somxuri sarwmunoebis Seviwroebis uflebas, xosro II imperiaSi mcxovreb 

yvela qristians avaldebulebda mieRo somxuri sarwmunoeba.


jafariZe 

uTuod xosro II-is brZanebis Sedegs unda warmoadgendes, rom qarTlis 

kaTalikosic da erismTavari stefanozic monofizitebi gamxdaran: `sparsul-somxuri 

orientaciis mqone monofizit stefanozsa da kaTalikos bar- 

Tlomes upirispirdebian bizantiur-qalkedonuri (ukeT, Semrigebluri) partiis 

warmomadgenlebi _ kirioni, adarnase da sxvebi~. 19 

`616_622 wlebi sparselTa ganuyofeli warmatebis xanaa~, 20 amitomac `herakles 

laSqrobamde qarTlis saxelmwifo religia monofizituria~. 21 

mematianis cnobiT, stefanoz erismTavari ìyo urwmuno da uSiSi RmerTisa, 

ara hmsaxura RmerTsa, arca hmata sjulsa da eklesiaTa~. 22 stefanozi 

mcxeTis jvris didebuli taZris erT-erTi maSenebelia. mematianis gansazRvra, 

TiTqosda stefanozma àra hmata eklesiaTa~, imiTaa gamowveuli, 

rom erismTavari ar aris qalkedoniti. 

`stefanoz mTavrobda yovelsa qarTlsa zeda, da dajda igi tfiliss, da 

hmorCilebda igi sparsTa~. 23 `yoveli qarTli~ maSin ewodeboda erTian saqarTvelos 

_ Savi zRvidan da egriswylidan, vidre albaneTamde. 

monofizitTa batonoba qarTlSi didxans ar gagrZelebula. maT aRzevebas 

bolo mouRo herakle keisris laSqrobam sparseTSi, romelic 

saqarTvelodan daiwyo. heraklem `...Sekribna spani uricxuni da warmoemar- 

Ta sparseTad Zebnad Zelisa cxovrebisasa da movida pirvelad qarTls~. 24 

zogierTi wyaros Tanaxmad, herakle pirvelad trapezundis sanaxebSi mivida, 

romelsac `sofeli megrelTa~ ewodeboda. 

àman stefanoz ara ineba gandgoma sparsTagan, da ganamagrna cixe-qalaqni, 

da dadga tfilissa Sina. mivida herakle mefe da moadga tfilissa... 

Camoagdes stefanoz da mokles. da daipyra keisarman tfilisi~. 25 xolo 

Tbilisis cixe ver aiRo, romlis mecixovneebmac mas mwared dascines. 

sparsTa winaaRmdeg laSqrobisas, sruliad gasagebi mizezebis gamo, herakles 

miemxro qarTlis erTi nawili da gansakuTrebiT ki, dasavleTi 

saqarTvelo. orive es mxare qalkedonituri iyo. herakles laSqrobas ki 

qalkedonitTa gamarjveba da monofizitTa damxoba unda gamoewvia. 

saqarTvelos samxreT-aRmosavleTi mxaris qarTveloba garkveuli xnis 

manZilze somxuri eklesiis gavlenis qveS moeqca. aq monofizituri, anu 

sparsuli orientacia sWarbobda, ris gamoc gugarq-qvemo qarTli TbilisiTurT 

sparseTis erTguli darCa. saqarTvelos qalkedonurma nawilma ki herakles 

qveSevrdomoba manamde SeinarCuna, vidre am ukanasknelma Tavisi dampyrobluri 

buneba ar gamoamJRavna. `herakles erTi wlis Semdeg undoda... 

xosros Sehbmoda, magram jarma, metadre ki lazebma, afxazebma da iberebma 

mokavSireoba ar moindomes, xolo rodesac herakles sparsTa laSqari 

moewia, lazebma da afxazebma mokavSireobaze keisars uari uTxres da 

Sinisaken gaemgzavrnen~. 26 

heraklem sparseTze orjer gailaSqra 623-624 da 626 wlebSi, rodesac 

igi lazikaSi Cavida. 27


istoria 

437 

`somex istorikos mose kalankatuels q. Tbilisis aReba dawvrilebiT 

aqvs aRwerili da misi cnobebi bevrad gansxvavdeba qarTveli mematianis 

moTxrobisagan. somexi mematianis sityviT, herakle mefes 626 wels meSvelad 

imier-kavkasiidan gadmouyvania jibRu xakani... 627 w. gadmovida Turme 

imier-kavkasiaSi, imave wels herakle keisari da jibRu xakani SeerTebuli 

mxedrobiT... Tbiliss miadga~. 28 herakle keisarma sastikad daamarcxa xosro 

II da sparseTis saxelmwifo ganadgurebamde miiyvana, manamde ki man 

saqarTvelos mmarTveli erismTavrebis dinastia dasaja, CamoarTva qveynis 

meTauroba bagrationebs da misca xosroianebs, kerZod, mokluli stefanozis 

magier man daniSna adarnase: `maSin keisarman mouwoda Zesa bakurissa, 

qarTvelTa mefisasa, naTesavsa daCisasa, vaxtangis Zisasa, romeli erisTaobda 

kaxeTs, romelsa erqua adarnase, da misca mas tfilisi da mTavroba 

qarTlisa~ . . 29 

mematiane stefanozis dasjisa da misi STamomavlobis erismTavrobidan 

CamoSorebis mizezsac asaxelebs: àmisTYs uyo ese RmerTman mTavarsa mas 

stefanozs, rameTu ara mindobiTa RmerTisaTa cxovndeboda da morwmuneTa 

emtereboda da urwmunoTa moyurobda~. 30 qalkedoniti mematiane, urwmunoeba- 

Si gulisxmobs ara cecxlTayvanismcemlebs, aramed monofizitebs, xolo 

morwmuneebs uwodebs qalkedonitebs. stefanozi, mcxeTis jvris maSenebeli, 

cxadia, qristiani iyo, rogorc Cans, monofiziti. 

mefis ojaxis garda, herakles sastikad dausjia rigiTi qarTveli qristianebi 

(SesaZloa monofizitebi). mas qveynis mTavari qalaqebis, Tbilisisa 

da ujarmis eklesiebSi Seurekia qarTveli qristianebi da iq amouxocavs. 

Turme eklesiebidan sisxlis mdinareebi dioda. herakles axsovda, rom 

sparseTze laSqrobis dros qarTvelma monofizitebma, `stefanozma da 

msaxurTa misTa~, didi winaaRmdegoba gauwies. `moqcevaA qarTlisaAs~ mixedviT, 

`herakle ganwmida Sjuli qristeAsi da wavida~. 31 qristes Sjulis 

ganwmendaSi, albaT, igulisxmeba, sparseTis momxre monofizitebis dasja da 

qalkedonitebis gamarjveba. 

heraklem es sasjeli ar ikmara. qarTul eklesias waarTva udidesi siwmideni 

_ `ferxTa ficarni da samsWualni uflisa Cuenisa iesos qristesni... Sewuxna 

adarnase, qarTlisa mTavari, da evedreboda keisarsa, raTa ara warixunes 

niWni igi RmrTisamierni. ara ismina keisarman vedreba misi da warixuna~. 32 

herakle keisarma mkacrad dasaja qarTuli saxelmwifoc: `maSin kualad 

wariRes berZenTa sazRvari qarTlisa: speri da bolo klarjeTisa, zRYs 

piri~. 33 es, albaT, lazebis Ralatisa da sparseTTan omis dros urCobisaTvis 

sasjeli iyo. 

SavizRvispireTi klarjeTis bolodan dawyebuli, kvlav berZenTa xelSi 

gadavida iseve, rogorc vaxtang gorgaslis siWabukis dros. amis Semdgom 

qarTlis am mitacebul teritoriebze, anu fazissa da lazikaze, daaxloe-


jafariZe 

biT 630-iani wlebidan IX saukunemde da Semdgomac, saeklesio iurisdiqcias 

axorcielebs konstantinopolis sapatriarqo. qalkedonis krebis Tanaxmad, 

eklesiis sazRvari unda emTxveodes saxelmwifos sazRvars. berZenTa politikuri 

Zalaufleba dasavleT saqarTvelos Suagulamde gavrcelda, amitom 

am sazRvrebSi moqceuli qarTuli eklesia konstantinopolis sapatriarqos 

iurisdiqciaSi Sevidoda. daaxloebiT am dros (631 wels) fazisis mitropoliti 

kirosi, romelic, z. aleqsiZis azriT, mcxeTidan gaZevebuli kironi 

iyo, gadaiyvanes aleqsandriis patriarqad, romelsac berZnebi ar hyvarebia 

da arabTa Semosevis dros gauZevebia isini egvi ptis qalaqebidan. aseT 

mopyrobas imsaxurebda herakle keisari qarTuli eklesiis gansakuTrebuli 

sisastikiT dasjisaTvis. 

gansxvavebulia herakles damokidebuleba somxuri eklesiisadmi. `wyaroebi 

mas somxuri warmoSobisad Tvlian...~ 34 herakle keisars imperiis siZlieris 

safuZvlad sarwmunoebrivi erToba miaCnda, amitomac am miznis ganxorcielebisTvis 

igi yvela Rones xmarobda. imperiis centraluri nawili 

qalkedonituri iyo, xolo aRmosavleTis sxvadasxva xalxebiT dasaxlebuli 

provinciebi, ZiriTadad, monofizituri. aRmosavleTis am monofizitebis avtoritetuli 

lideri im droisaTvis iyo somxuri eklesia, romelic, faqtobrivad, 

monofizituri arabizantiuri mimdinareobis centrad aqcia sparse- 

Tis imperiam. heraklem gadawyvita mieRwia monofizitTa da qalkedonitTa 

erTianobisaTvis. man daiwyo molaparakeba somxuri eklesiis meTaurebTan. 

`herakle keisari friad dainteresebulia somxebTan religiuri uniis SekvriT~. 35 

`monofizitebTan unia misi sasicocxlo programa gaxda~. 36 marTlac, heraklem 

warmatebas miaRwia somxebTan molaparkebis dros da `...630 wels miaRwia 

unias somexTa kaTalikos ezrasTan~. 37 somxeTi daemorCila unias~. 38 

amis Semdeg, mTeli VII saukunis manZilze, somxur eklesias ufro qalkedonituri 

eTqmis, vidre 726 wlis manaskertis krebamde. 

somxuri eklesia VII saukuneSi kvlav lideria amierkavkasiis masStabiT 

ise, rogorc VI saukuneSi. Tu VI saukuneSi is sparseTisaTvis misaRebi da 

aRiarebuli eklesia iyo, axla ukve VII saukuneSi, Tavisi moqnili politikis 

wyalobiT, bizantiisaTvis misaRebi da nebadarTuli eklesia gaxda. 

TviT sparseTze gamarjvebuli bizantiis imperatori herakle masTan molaparakebas 

awarmoebs da erTobis xelSekrulebas debs, amave dros ki, heraklem 

sastikad dasaja qarTuli eklesia. somxuri eklesiis siZlierem da 

avtoritetma aRmosavleTis qristianebSi iZulebuli gaxada herakle keisari 

masTan molaparakeba ewarmoebina. 

herakles laSqrobis Semdeg, somxuri eklesia iseve aris qalkedonituri, 

rogorc qarTuli eklesia. isini kvlav erTmorwmuneni arian, erTmorwmuneobis 

gamo ki, somxur eklesias saSualeba mieca kvlav ganecxadebina Tavisi 

pretenziebi qarTul eklesiaze uflebamosilebis Sesaxeb. SeiZleba es iyo


istoria 

439 

erT-erTi mizezi imisa, rom qarTuli eklesiis mesveurebi iZulebulni gamxdaran, 

antioqiis sapatriarqosaTvis eTxovaT qarTuli eklesiis avtokefaliis 

dasturi, raTa arc erT mezobel eklesias masze ufleba ar hqonoda. 39 

antioqiis am krebis gadawyvetileba odnav mainc Seanelebda somxuri 

eklesiis pretenziebs qarTul eklesiaze. 

634-644 wlebisaTvis arabebs ukve damorCilebuli hqondaT siria, palestina 

da iranis didi nawili. 

`bizantiis keisris, herakles, simkacriTa da sarwmunoebrivi mZulvarebiT 

mobezrebuli da ukmayofilo aRmosavleTis erebi arabebs Tavdapirvelad 

sixaruliT egebebodnen da berZenTa monobisagan ganmaTavisufleblad sTvlidnen. 

amgvari Sexedulebis damyarebas xels uwyobda da amtkicebda, 

rasakvirvelia, is utyuari garemoeba, rom Tavdapirvelad, arabebi sxva sarwmunoebas 

(kerpTayvanismcemlobis garda), metadre ki qristianobas, Tavisuflebas 

aniWebdnen da lmobierad epyrobodnen, oRond ki dawesebuli gadasaxadi 

sindisierad gadaexadaT~. 40 

àRmosavleT saqarTveloSi arabebi batonobdnen 657 wlamde, rodesac arab- 

Ta Soris daiwyo Sinauri areuloba da brZola, romelic gaTavda 661 wels~. 41 

arabTa mbrZanebeli iZulebuli gamxdara dazaveboda keisar konstantine 

III-s da misTvis xarkic ki eZlia. 678 wels daido xelSekruleba bizantiasa 

da arabebs Soris. es xelSekruleba Seicavda pirobas, rom saberZneTsa da 

arabebs saqarTvelo Tanabrad eqnebodaT gayofili, an Tanasworad ibatonebdnen 

masze: ...kvipri, somxiTi da iberia maT saerTod Tanasworad 

eqmnebodaT. es xelSekruleba cxadad gviCvenebs, rom arabebis batonoba 

aRmosavleT saqarTveloSi am dros Seryeuli yofila da bizantia maT isev 

Sescilebia~. 42 

680 wels konstantinopolSi mowveuli iqna msoflio saeklesio kreba. 

`qarTlis cxovrebis~ CanarTis Tanaxmad, VI msoflio kreba moiwvia imperatorma 

konstantine IV poRonatma (668-685). am krebas ganuxilavs qarTuli 

eklesiis sruli damoukideblobis sakiTxi. miucia am damoukideblobisaTvis 

msoflio aRiareba. krebas qarTuli eklesiis meTaurisaTvis miuniWebia 

ufleba etarebina patriarqis tituli. 

aqamde am sasuliero pirs qarTlis kaTalikosi erqva. krebas ganuxilavs 

qarTuli eklesiis teritoriuli avtokefaliis sazRvrebi. 

Zalze mniSvnelovania, rom am dros imave CanarTis mixedviT, antioqiis 

sapatriarqomac qarTuli eklesiis meTaurs daudgina patriarqis, mociqul- 

Ta taxtze mjdomisa da mociqulTa magieris wodeba. antioqiis sapatriarqos 

es dadgenileba Semdgom maleve daumtkicebia VI msoflio krebas. 43 

antioqiam qarTuli eklesiis sazRvrad dasavleTiT daadgina Savi zRva _ 

`pontos zRvidam darubandis zRvamde~. 44 VI msoflio krebas iurisdiqciis 

sazRvrad daudgenia: _ kaxeTi, Saqi, Sirvani, kavkasiis mTianeTi, svaneTisa da


jafariZe 

CerqezeTis sazRvramde, oseTi. 45 konstantinopolis sapatriarqo im dros 

SavizRvispireTs epatroneboda, rac aisaxa kidec krebis dadgenilebaSi, 

vinaidan VI msoflio krebas (680-681 wlebSi) kanonebi ar gamoucia, am 

sakiTxze msjelobisas unda daveyrdnoT `qarTlis cxovrebis~ CanarTs. 

àmis krebisa mier brZanes esreT wmidisa eklesiisa saqarTvelosaTYs, 

romel ars wmida mcxeTa, raTa iyos swor pativiTa, viTarca wmidani samociqulo 

kaTolike eklesiani, sapatriaqoni, da iyos kaTalikosi qarTlisa 

swori patriaqTa Tana~. 47 am msoflio krebam daadastura qarTuli eklesiis 

mier mironis adgilze kurTxevis ufleba. 

692 wels konstantinopolSi kvlav Sedga saeklesio kreba, romelsac 

`gumbadis~, anu trulis kreba ewodeba. es iyo ara VI msoflio saeklesio 

kreba, aramed man, kanonikuri TvalsazrisiT, Seavso V-VI msoflio krebebis 

naRvawi da gamosca kanonebi. trulis krebis kanonebSi asaxva ver upovia 

680-81 wlebis msoflio krebis gansazRvrebebs qarTuli eklesiis Sesaxeb, 

rac, SesaZloa, Secvlili politikuri viTarebis Sedegi iyo. 

qarTuli eklesia V saukunidanve avtokefaluri iyo, magram VII saukune- 

Si am sakiTxis kvlav wamoWra da dadastureba ganapiroba somxuri eklesiisagan 

ganyofis faqtma. qarTul eklesias aRar surs somxurTan èrTobis~ 

aRdgena. esaa SesaZlo Semotevisagan Tavdacva. 

688-689 wlebSi iustiniane II-s sardals mouwyvia laSqroba amierkavkasiaSi, 

`...dauxocinebia iq myofi arabebi, xolo somxeTi, iberia da albania, 

agreTve sxva qveynebic, keisrisaTvis daumorCilebia~. 48 

nerse qarTlis erisTavs arabTa sardalic daumarcxebia da qarTlidan 

ganudevnia, xolo dasavleT saqarTvelo, piriqiT, aujanydeba bizantielebs 

da arabebis Zalis imedi aqvs. 49 

saqarTvelo VII saukunis bolosaTvis ibrZvis ara marto saeklesio, 

aramed politikuri damoukdeblobisaTvisac. 

iurisdiqciis sazRvrebis cvlileba 

VII saukuneSi 

qalkedonis krebis dadgenilebis Tanaxmad, eklesiis iurisdiqciis sazRvrebi 

unda emTxveodes saxelmwifo sazRvrebs, anu samoqalaqo-administraciuls. 

amitomac, saqarTveloSi qristianobis saxelmwifo religiad gamocxadebis 

dros qarTuli eklesia Tavis uflebamosilebas dasavleT saqarTvelozedac 

avrcelebda, radganac es teritoria mirianis saxelmwifoSi Sedioda 

iseve, rogorc wina saukuneebSi, farnavazis Semdgom. `moqcevaA qarTlisaA~, 

VII saukunis Zegli, miiCnevs, rom qarTvelTa gansaxlebisa da qarTuli 

saxelmwifos dasavleTi sazRvari jer kidev qristeSobamde ramdenime saukuniT 

adre gadioda Sav zRvasa da mdinare egriswyalze. vaxtang gorgaslis


istoria 

441 

mier daarsebuli saqarTvelos sakaTalikosos dasavleTi sazRvari, wesis 

Tanaxmad, unda damTxveoda saxelmwifos sazRvars, romelic gadioda Sav 

zRvasa da egriswyalze gorgaslis siWabukis dros, xolo Semdeg sazRvarma 

ukve Sav zRvas da mdinare klisuraze gadainacvla. 

VI saukune umZimesi saukune iyo qarTuli eklesiisa da saxelmwifosaTvis, 

magram sagangebod aRsaniSnavia, rom qarTuli sazogadoebrivi institutebi 

ar cnobdnen qarTuli saxelmwifos gauqmebas VI saukuneSi. am 

saukunis katastrofa droebiT movlenad miaCndaT, romelic male gamoswordeboda. 

am ideidan gamomdinare, qarTuli eklesia VI saukuneSi dasavleT 

saqarTvelos Tavis kanonier iurisdiqciaSi Semaval teritoriad miiCnevda, 

cdilobda masze Tavisi iurisdiqciis gavrcelebas da axorcielebda 

kidec VII saukunis 30-ian wlebamde, herakle keisris mier dasavleT saqarTvelos 

zRvispira teritoriebis mitacebamde. 

VI saukunis bolosa da VII saukunis dasawyisSi dasavleT saqarTveloze 

qarTuli eklesiis iurisdiqcias adasturebs is faqtic, rom somexi istorikosebi 

kirions ara marto aRmosavleT saqarTvelos mamamTavrad, aramed 

dasavleT saqarTvelos kaTalikosadac miiCneven. 

mecnierTa umravlesobis mier aRiarebulia, rom `moqcevaA qarTlisaA~ 

aris VII saukunis Zegli, yovel SemTxvevaSi, is saqarTvelos gaerTianebaze 

adrea Sedgenili. misi avtori eyrdnoba `pirveli qarTveli istorikosis~ 

_ grigol diakonisa da Cven dromde mouRwevel werilobiT wyaroebs. 50 

grigol diakons, k. kakabaZis azriT, 380-400 wlebSi dauweria `mcire 

moqcevaA qarTlisaA~. m. TarxniSvili ki miiCnevs, rom `grigolis Sroma 

Sedgenili unda iyos araugvianes VII saukunis meore naxevrisa, SeiZleba V 

saukuneSic~. 51 

amas yuradReba miaqcia n. berZeniSvilma. is wers _ `moqcevaA~ ueWvelia, 

Zvel gadmocemebs emyareba, iberiis erTianobis xanas da `yoveli qarTli~... 

aq niSnavs iberias, romelSiac kaxeTic Sedis, kuxeTic, erwo-TianeTic da 

sakuTriv qarTlic~. 52 

mecnieri ar iziarebs miRebul Tvalsazriss Zeglis IX saukuniT daTariRebis 

Sesaxeb da wers, rom SeuZlebelia am Txzulebis avtors IX saukune- 

Si ecxovra. es wyaro mas ìberiis erTianobis xanaSi~ dawerilad miaCnia. 

iberia erTiani iyo VI saukunemde, sparsTa mier mefobis gauqmebamde da 

SeiZleba guaram kurapalatis drosac. n. berZeniSvils sjera am wyarosi 

da qarTlis aRmosavleTi sazRvrebis aRniSvnisas, romelSic Sedis kaxeTi 

da kuxeTi, mis monacemebs eyrdnoba. magram ratom ar unda daveTanxmoT am 

wyaros qarTlis dasavleTis sazRvrebis gadmocemisas? wyaros Tanaxmad, 

qarTlSi Sedioda ara marto kaxeTi da kuxeTi, aramed egrisic. `moqcevaA 

qarTlisaAs~ mimarTeba egrisTan dakavSirebiT sagangebod Seiswavla s. 

janaSiam. mkvlevari aanalizebs `moqcevaA qarTlisaAs~ cnobas _ `Tana


jafariZe 

hyvanda aleqsandres mefesa azoA ZH arian qarTlisa mefeisaA da mas 

miuboZa mcxeTaA sajdomad da sazRvari daudva mas hereTi da egriswyali 

da somxiTi da mTaA crolisa~ _ da ambobs: àmrigad, yovel eWvs gareSea, 

rom avtorisaTvis `qarTlis~ politikur cnebaSi Sedis ara marto kaxeTi, 

aramed egrisic. rac ar unda gvian gadmoitanon matianis saboloo redaqciis 

dro, IX saukunes igi mainc ver gadmoscildeba, e.i. es literaturuli 

Zegli bevrad adrindelia saqarTvelos gaerTianebis xanaze~. 53 

`matiane qarTlisaAs~ cnoba, rom egrisi qarTlSi uZvelesi droidan 

Sedis, rogorc erT-erTi provincia, srul TanxmobaSia `qarTlis cxovrebasa~, 

sxva qarTul da ucxour wyaroebTan, romelTa Tanaxmadac, samxreTidan 

gadmosaxlebuli qarTveli xalxi daesaxla vrcel teritoriaze egriswylidan, 

vidre hereTis CaTvliT. 

d. musxeliSvilis azriT, V saukuneSi dasavleTi da aRmosavleTi saqarTvelo 

gaerTianebulia. qarTlSi Sedis egrisi _ `vaxtang gorgaslis mefobis periodi 

(V s-is meore naxevari) saqarTvelos istoriuli geografiis TvalsazrisiT 

uaRresad mniSvnelovani movlenebiT aRiniSna: gaerTianda aRmosavleTi 

(iveria) da dasavleTi (egrisi, afxazeTis garda); am erTiani samefos 

farglebSi Semovida albaneTis momijnave mxareebic (hereTi, kambeCani)~. 54 

Tu V saukuneSi qarTuli saxelmwifos sazRvrebSi Sedioda dasavleT 

saqarTvelo Sav zRvasa da afxazeTamde, saeklesio kanonebis Tanaxmad, qarTul 

eklesias Tavisi iurisdiqcia kidevac unda ganexorcielebina dasavleT 

saqarTvelos teritoriazec, sadac am dros (V s-Si) wirva-locva qarTul 

enaze aResruleboda. 

zemoT moyvanil wyaroebsa da mecnierTa daskvnebs efuZneba Cveni azri 

imis Sesaxeb, rom qarTuli eklesia gaerTianda ara VII da, miT umetes, ara 

IX-X, aramed IV-V saukuneebSi. am dros aRmosavleT-dasavleT saqarTvelo- 

Si arsebobda erTi eklesia mcxeTis meTaurobiT. 

mosazreba, rom V saukuneSi egrisis dasavleT nawilSi RvTismsaxureba 

aResruleboda ara qarTul, aramed berZnul enaze, dausabuTebelia, radganac 

ar arsebobs romelime wyaro, romelic am Sexedulebas daadasturebda. 

didi mecnieruli mniSvneloba aqvs d. musxeliSvilis mosazrebas, rom 

egrisis dasavleT nawilSi V-VI saukuneebSi wirva-locva qarTul enaze 

aResruleboda (da ara IX-X ss-dan, rogorc aqamde iyo miRebuli): àmgvarad, 

gamodis, rom uZvelesi droidanve (V s-dan?) egrisis aRmosavleT nawil- 

Si oficialuri qristianuli kulti qarTul enaze sruldeboda, gansxvavebiT 

misi dasavleTi nawilisagan, sadac RvTismsaxureba berZnulad iyo. 

saamisod arc is aris umniSvnelo, rom VII-IX ss. bizantiur noticiebSi, 

sadac CamoTvlilia konstantinopolis sapatriarqos daqvemdebarebuli 

lazikis eparqiis fasidis samitropolitos oTxi saepiskoposo kaTedra, 

mxolod erTi _ rodopolisis (varcixis) kaTedraa, romelic qveynis Signi-


istoria 

443 

Taa, danarCeni sami ki samitropolitosTan erTad an zRvispirasaa _ fasidi 

(foTi), petra (cixisZiri), ziganevi (gudayva), anda arcTu ise moSorebiT 

zRvisagan _ saisini, saisi (caiSi)~. 55 

arsebobda Tu ara dasavleT saqarTveloSi V-VI saukuneebSi berZnuli 

saepiskoposoebi? am faqtis damamtkicebeli araviTari sabuTi ar arsebobs. 

wyaroebSi mxolod VII saukunidan moixsenieba berZnuli saepiskoposoebis 

arseboba. amitomac unda davaskvnaT, rom V-VI saukuneebSi dasavleT 

saqarTveloSi ar Cans berZnuli saepiskoposoebi. maTi arsebobis mtkiceba 

usafuZvloa. 

cnobilia, rom VI saukuneSi berZnebi TavianT garnizonebs ayenebdnen dasavleT 

saqarTvelos zRvispireTSi (zogjer skanda-Sorapnamde), aages cixe-qalaqi 

petra. berZnebi TavianTi jariskacebisaTvis daaarsebdnen ara saepiskoposoebs, 

aramed eklesiebs aaSenebdnen. safiqrebelia, rom bizantielTa jars 

moZravi eklesiebi emsaxureboda. es mdgomareoba, garkveulwilad, SezRudavda 

qarTul eklesias dasavleT saqarTveloSi, magram VI saukuneSic qarTuli 

eklesia kvlav axorcielebs Tavis uflebamosilebas am qveyanaze. amis 

damadasturebelia rogorc werilobiTi wyaroebi, aseve arqeologiuri monapovari. 

werilobiTi wyaroebidan _ somexi istorikosebisa da vaxuStis 

cnobebi, arqeologiuri monapovridan gansakuTrebiT sainteresoa foTSi aRmoCenili 

masalebi, kerZod, foTis gareuban yulevSi arqeologebma aRmoaCines 

Tixis sabeWdavi, romelzedac amoWrilia qarTuli aso, agreTve samSeneblo 

masala, romelzedac amotvifrulia qarTuli asoebi. 56 

Tu dasavleT saqarTveloSi V saukuneSi qristianoba arcTu ise farTod 

iyo gavrcelebuli, VI saukuneSi aq misi gavrcelebisaTvis stimuli miucia 

aRmosavleT saqarTvelos qristianuli centrebidan mosaxleobis ltolvas. 

523 wels qarTvelTa mefe ojaxiTa da didi amaliT, agreTve didebulebiT, 

gadavida dasavleT saqarTveloSi, mefes qristianobisa da, gansakuTrebiT, 

qalkedonitobis mimdevari mosaxleobac Tan gahyveboda, radganac 

aRmosavleTSi qalkedonitobas devnidnen. qalkedoniti qarTveli saeklesio 

moRvawenic gadavidodnen dasavleT saqarTveloSi. aseTi ltolva 

ara marto VI saukuneSi, aramed VII saukunis dasawyisSic yofila. magali- 

Tad, z. aleqsiZe wers kirion qarTlis kaTalikosze: ès kirioni unda iyos 

kiros fazisis mitropoliti, romelic 623 wlidan Cndeba berZnul wyaroeb- 

Si~. 57 mkvlevari miiCnevs, rom kirionic gadasula dasavleT saqarTveloSi. 

ltolvili qarTveli qalkedoniti saeklesio pirebis gadasvla dasavleT 

saqarTveloSi VI saukuneSi gamoiwvevda axali qarTuli saeklesio centrebis, 

eklesia-monastrebis daarsebasa da adgilobrivi qarTvelebis ufro 

aqtiur Cabmas saeklesio cxovrebaSi. qarTuli qalkedonuri monasteri 

unda yofiliyo vaSnaris nageboba das. saqarTveloSi (guriis wina qedebSi): 

`vaSnaris naSenoba sakmaod mogvagonebs ujarmisas, romelsac kidevac utoldeba 

vaSnari, raRac SualedebSi mainc~. 58


jafariZe 

vaSnari SeiZleba swored V saukunis gorgaslisdroindeli Senobaa, an 

VI saukuneSi aRmosavleT saqarTvelodan ltolvil qalkedonitebs egris- 

Si gadautaniaT mSeneblobis wesi _ wyoba. 

vaSnaris `zRudisa da SenobaTa perangis Tanabarkvadratovani, horizontalurad 

wesieri wyoba imeorebs qarTlis aRmosavleT ganapiras mdgari 

ujarmis cixe-darbazisa da ramdenime Soriaxlo Zeglis wyobas, romelsac 

Cven pirobiTad ùjarmuls~, an `gorgaslurs~ vuwodebT da romelTac ar 

moepovebaT analogi arc sakuTriv bizantiursa da arc egrisSi, iqauri 

gavleniT naSen ZeglebSi. es ki egrisisa da qarTlis mWidro kulturuli 

urTierTobis erT niSnad unda miviCnioT~. 59 

qarTuli eklesiis arseboba dasturdeba ara marto foTsa da vaSnarSi, 

aramed TviT bizantielTa mier aSenebul qalaq petraSic (cixisZiri). petra- 

Si eklesiaTa Senobebic qarTuli stiliT uSenebiaT. amaze miuTiTebs cixisZirSi 

samnaviani bazilikis Txrisas aRmoCenili `bolnur-jvriani~ qva. 60 

dasavleT saqarTveloSi qarTuli eklesiis gavlena sruliad bunebrivad 

aRiqmeba, Tu gavixsenebT, rom araTu dasavleT saqarTveloSi, aramed TviT 

siria-palestinasa da egvi pteSic ki (TebeSi) qarTvelebs VI saukunesa da 

VII s-is dasawyisSi monastrebi uSenebiaT. aq qarTvelebSi megrelebic 

(lazebi) igulisxmeba. amis damadasturebeli isaa, rom petre ibers Tavisi 

cnobili monasteri palestinaSi martos ki ar auSenebia, aramed mTavari 

qtitori petres Semdeg yofila ioane lazi. palestinis am monastris 

warwerebi, wirva-locvis ena aq qarTulia; misi maSenebeli da erT-erTi 

xelmZRvaneli _ winamZRvari egriselia. aqedanac Cans, rom egriselTaTvis 

wirva-locvis ena qarTuli yofila. 

VI saukuneSi, vaxuStis Tanaxmad, egrisis vakeze, quTaisidan foTis mimarTulebiT, 

mcxeTis mTavarepiskoposis iurisdiqcia vrceldeboda, xolo egrisis 

mTianeTze (raWa-leCxumze) _ niqozis saepiskopososi. 

somxuri wyaroebis mixedviT, VI saukunis bolos kirioni, `winandeli 

wesis Tanaxmad~, egrisis, gugarqisa da qarTlis arqiepiskoposad, anu kaTalikosad 

iqna nakurTxi. ras gulisxmoben `winandel wesSi~ somxuri wyaroebi? 

cxadia imas, rom V saukuneSi da VI saukunis dasawyisSic, kirionamdec, 

qarTlis kaTalikosis iurisdiqciaSi egrisic Sedioda. 

vaxuStis Tanaxmad, V-VII saukuneebSi qarTuli eklesia erTiani iyo, aRmosavleT-dasavleT 

saqarTveloSi arsebobda saeklesio erToba. amdroindel 

saeklesio erTobas ewodeba èrToba qarTlis mTavarepiskoposis dros~. VII 

saukunis Semdgom, `qarTlis cxovrebis~ Tanaxmad, 720 wels, dasavleT saqarTvelo- 

Si daarsda adgilobrivi sakaTalikoso, e.i. gaiyo erTiani eklesia. am process 

vaxuSti `ganyofas~ uwdebs. is wers: àrs xons eklesia didi, gumbaTiani, 

mSvenier-nagebi, zis episkopozi mwyemsi vakisa, es iyo erTobasa Sina qarTlis 

mTavarepiskopozisa: Semdgomad ganyofisa dasves aqa episkopozi~. 61


istoria 

445 

qarTuli wyaroebis Tanaxmad, qarTuli eklesiis istoriaSi saeklesio er- 

Toba arsebobda orjer: pirvelad VIII saukunis dasawyisamde, xolo meored 

_ X-XIV saukuneebSi. amitomac, vaxuSti ganmartavs, rom xonis `vake~ qarTlis 

samwysoSi Sedioda `mTavarepiskopozobis~, anu kaTalikoz-mTavarepiskoposobis 

dros da ara kaTalikos-patriarqobis dros _ XI saukunis Semdeg. 

`vaxuStis am cnobidan, romelic, eWvi ar aris, mas romeliRac Zveli wyarodan 

unda hqondes, gamodis, rom erTiani samefos arsebobis pirobebSi vake imereTi, 

anu `samoqalaqo~, qarTlis mTavarepiskoposis iurisdiqcias emorCileboda. 

erTiani saqarTvelos monarqiis arsebobis dros aseTi movlenis warmoqmna 

gaugebaria. safiqrebelia, rom igi gacilebiT ufro Zveli drois nayofia da 

maincdamainc im droisa, rodesac egrisi Zlieri qarTlis kulturul eqspansias 

ganicdida. SesaZlebelia, es friad saintereso faqti dakavSirebuli 

iyos im movlenasTan, romelic fiqsirebulia somxur wyaroSi da romlis 

mixedviT, `winandel wesTa magaliTisamebr~, VII s-is dasawyisSi qarTlis 

kaTalikosis iurisdiqcia egrisis garkveul nawilze vrceldeboda~. 62 

`winandel wesTa magaliTisamebr~, qarTlis kaTalikosis iurisdiqcia unda 

gavrcelebuliyo ara egrisis erT nawilze, aramed mTel dasavleT 

saqarTveloze, radganac kanonikurad eklesiis sazRvari saxelmwifo sazRvars 

unda damTxveoda, saxelmwifo sazRvari ki Sav zRvasa da egriswyalze 

(imJamad ukve klisuraze) gadioda. asea V saukuneSi mainc. amitomac wirvalocvis 

ena _ qarTuli _ jer kidev VII saukunemde mTel dasavleT 

saqarTveloSi iyo gavrcelebuli. swored VII saukuneSi icvleba es mdgomareoba. 

630-iani wlebidan herakle keisari SavizRvispireTs uerTebs bizantias, 

ris Semdgomac, dasavleT egrisSi aRikveTa qarTuli ena. qarTulis magier aq 

dawesda berZnuli RvTismsaxureba, daarsda berZnuli saepiskoposoebi. 

VII saukunis dasawyisSi, erekles laSqrobamde, dasavleT saqarTveloSi 

kvlav grZeldeba qarTuli tipis saeklesio nagebobebis Seneba, rac am 

mxareSi qarTuli eklesiis uflebamosilebaze miuTiTebs. amis magaliTia, 

WyondidSi jvris tipis taZris ageba. g. CubinaSvilis daskvniT, is 630-ian 

wlebamde aSenda. Wyondidis qarTuli eklesia martod ar gamoiyureba, manamde 

dasavleT saqarTveloSi msgavsi nagebobebi iyo, rasac adasturebs 

petras qarTuli eklesia, vaSnaris naSenoba, foTis adrefeodaluri xanis 

SenobaTa naSTebi, romelzedac qarTuli asoebia gamoyvanili. 

VI saukunis meore naxevarSi qveynis saerTo ekonomikuri aRmavlobisa da 

sparsTagan gaTavisuflebis Sedegad, `neladrH Sekrba qarTli~, `faqtiurad, 

es iyo qveynis konsolidaciis, `qarTlis Sekrebis~ da `yoveli qarTlis~ 

Seqmnis im mniSvnelovani procesis xelaxali wamowyeba, romelsac V s-is 

meore naxevarSi safuZveli Cauyara vaxtang gorgasalma, magram sagareo 

Zalis, sasanuri iranis Zalmomreobis gamo, daaxloebiT naxevari saukuniT 

Seferxda. VI s-is meore naxevridan axalgazrda feodaluri qarTli axa-


jafariZe 

li energiiT kvlav iwyebs am didi erovnuli saqmis ganxorcielebas. iseve 

rogorc vaxtang gorgasali, axlac qveynis mesveurebi Tavisi miznebisaTvis 

iyeneben qristianul eklesias. erovnul-ideologiuri konsolidaciis procesi 

axali ZaliT iSleba qarTlis da egrisis teritoriazec. amis Sesani- 

Snavi mowmobaa jvris tipis qristianuli taZrebis mSenebloba qarTlsa, 

kaxeTsa da egrisSi; kirionis xeldasxma gugarqis, qarTlis da egrisis 

kaTalikosad~. 63 

qarTuli eklesia ara marto V-VI saukuneebSi iyo erTiani, aramed VII 

saukuneSic, kerZod, VII saukunis 30-ian wlebamde, herakle keisris mier 

zRvispira teritoriebis mitacebamde. VII saukuneSi qarTuli eklesiis 

erTobis sakiTxs exeba z. aleqsiZis kirionisadmi miZRvnili naSromi, erTerT 

qveTavSi _ `qarTuli da somxuri wyaroebi VII saukunis damdegs 

qarTlisa da egrisis saeklesio erTianobis Sesaxeb~. 64 

mkvlevari saintereso azrs aviTarebs VI saukunis movlenebis Sesaxeb: 

àSkaraa, sparselTa SexedulebiT lazika, svaneTi da iberia erTmaneTs 

Camocilebulia garkveuli politikuri viTarebis gamo da saTanado pirobebi 

Tu Seiqmna, maTi erTianobis dasabuTeba SeiZleba. sparselebma, Cans, ician is, 

rac dRes Cven ukve gviWirs warmovidginoT: aRmosavluri da dasavluri 

gaerTianebebis politikuri mTlianoba...~ 65 amasve miuTiTebs balazoris cnoba, 

rom qarTli, anu jurzani moicavs ara marto aRmosavleT saqarTvelos, 

aramed dasavleT saqarTvelosac da gadis Sav zRvaze. `...balazoris cnobiT... 

eranis Sahma xosro anuSirvanma (VIs.) jurzanSi aago Semdegi cixesimagreebi: 

firuzkobadi, lazikis kari, barikas kari _ trapezuntis zRvas- 

Tan, darialani, samcxis kari, jardamani (qarT. _ gardabani) da samSvilde~. 66 

aRmosavleT-dasavleT saqarTvelos politikur mTlianobaze mudmivad 

da dabejiTebiT weren: `qarTlis cxovreba~, `moqcevaA qarTlisaA~ da VIII 

saukunemdeli sxva wyaroebi. qveynis politikuri erTianoba misi xalxis 

eTnikur erTobas emyareboda. aRniSnuli wyaroebis Tanaxmad, mTel saqarTvelo- 

Si, anu `qarTlSi~, rogorc isini uwodebdnen, egriswylidan da SavizRvispireTidan, 

hereTis CaTvliT, erTi, qarTveli xalxi cxovrobda. 

VII saukunis dasawyisis Sesaxeb s. janaSia aRniSnavs: `Zalian mniSvnelovani 

iyo is garemoeba, rom sakmaod grZeli periodis ganmavlobaSi (daaxloebiT 

VI s-is 70-iani wlebidan VII s-is 60-ian wlebamdis) TiTqmis mimdemad 

(an mcire wyvetilebiT) egrisi da qarTli erT saerTo saeklesioreligiuri 

farvatersa da bizantiis erTiani politikuri egidis qveS 

eqcevian. ise, rogorc adre irani, axla bizantiis mTavrobac ecdeboda 

garkveuli organizaciuli Tanxmoba daemyarebina adgilobriv eklesiebs 

Soris. ra konkretuli saxiT xorcieldeboda igi, amJamad gadaWriT Zneli 

saTqmelia, magram swored am dros raRac saeklesio-kulturuli gavlena 

ki unda gavrcelebuliyo qarTlidan egrisSi... am mxriv, Zalian sainteresoa


istoria 

447 

erTi Zveli somexi istorikosis cnoba, rom kirioni... qarTvelTa, gugarelTa 

(gugareTi _ qarTvelTa sapitiaxSo) da megrelTa arqiespikoposad yofila 

xeldasxmuli `pirvandel wesTa~ Tanaxmad...~ 67 s. janaSia `...jer aRniSnuli 

erTianobis TariRad daaxloebiT 610-650 wlebs Tvlida, Semdeg 630-650 

wlebze SeCerda...~. 68 `qarTlisa da egrisis eklesiebi VII saukunis damdegs 

erT organizmad Tu ara, mWidrod erTmaneTTan dakavSirebulad mainc warmoudgenia 

somex istorikos CamCians~ 68 . `...analogiuria qarTul matianeebSi 

warmodgenili suraTic... juanSeriT VIII s-is damdegs egrisSi adgilobrivi 

dinastia sul ar Cans da mTeli qveyana afxazeTis samTavros sazRvramdis 

qarTlis erismTavrebs ekuTvnis~. 69 àSkaraa, juanSers VII s-is meore naxevarSi 

egrisi qarTlis Semadgenel nawilad miaCnia. imis Tqma, rom juanSers 

meqanikurad gadaaqvs gviandeli viTareba adre xanaSi, ar iqneboda gamarTlebuli... 

amrigad, juanSeris monaTxrobidan aseTi viTareba warmogvidgeba: 

bizantiis politikuri uflebis qveS guaram kurapalatis mTavrobiT (Tu 

mefobiT) erTiandeba qarTli da aRdgeba leonti mrovelisagan aRwerili 

`yoveli qarTlis~ farglebSi (daaxloebiT im rva saerisTavos farglebSi), 

romelic farnavazma `ganaCina~. 70 

aRmosavleT-dasavleT saqarTvelos erTianobis periodi, z. aleqsiZis gamokvleviT, 

modis ara 630-650 wlebze, rogorc fiqrobda s. janaSia, aramed 

daaxloebiT 570-630/40 wlebze. 

aRmosavleT-dasavleT saqarTvelos erTianoba daarRvia herakle keisris 

laSqrobam. `qarTlis cxovrebis~ Tanaxmad, heraklem saqarTvelos (qarTlis) 

saxelmwifos mniSvnelovani SavizRvispira teritoriebi CamoaWra. 

z. aleqsiZe wers: `qarTul-sasanuri dramebi daaxloebiT VI saukunis 

ukanasknel 30 welze da VII saukunis pirvel 30-40 welze modis, e.i. 

swored im xanaze, romelSic Tavsdeba qarTul-somxuri tradiciiT aRmosavleT-dasavleT 

saqarTvelos erTianobis periodi...~ 71 

z. aleqsiZem gaarkvia, rom gaerTianebul aRmosavleT-dasavleT saqarTvelos 

VI-VII saukuneebSi ewodeboda `yoveli qarTli~. ase rom, `qarTli~ 

dasavleT saqarTvelos pirvelad uwodes ara giorgi merCulis epoqaSi, 

aramed gacilebiT adre, wina saukuneebSi. qarTuli matianeebis Tanaxmad, 

dasavleTi saqarTvelo qarTlis saxelmwifoSi Sedioda farnavaz mefidan, 

vidre vaxtang gorgaslis CaTvliT da Semdgom. 72 

ìv. javaxiSvilis dakvirvebiT, àmisTana SemTxvevaSi, rodesac sityvas `qarTli~ 

farTo da sazogado mniSvneloba hqonda, umatebdnen xolme `yoveli~, an 

èrTobili~ da ambobdnen xolme `yoveli qarTli~, èrTobili qarTli~. 73 

qarTuli tipis saeklesio nagebobebis mSenebloba dasavleT saqarTvelos 

zRvispira provinciebSi grZeldeba herakle keisris Semosevebamde, 

ufro zustad, am miwebis aneqsiamde bizantiis mier, 630-ian wlebamde. 

martvilis jvris tipis taZari swored 630 wlamde, herakles mier 

qarTuli zRvispireTis mitacebamde aSenda. amis Semdeg martvili da Wyondi-


jafariZe 

dis sanaxebi (ise, rogorc dasavleT saqarTvelos sxva miwebi) konstantinopolis 

sapatriarqos iurisdiqcias gadaeca da daaxloebiT 200 wlis Semdeg 

daibruna qarTulma eklesiam. cxadia, berZnuli saepiskoposoebi maT daqvemdebarebaSi 

myof miwaze qarTuli tipis saeklesio Senobis agebis nebas 

aravis darTavdnen. amitomac, martvilis taZari berZnebis iurisdiqciamde, 

630 wlamde, unda aSenebuliyo. es TariRi zustad daadgina g. CubinaSvilma: 

`marto jvris tipis nagebobebis 

gaTvaliswineba kmara, 

rom Tvalwin dagvidges saeklesio-ideologiurierTianoba 

`yoveli qarTlisa~, Tanac 

imave farglebSi, rogorc farnavazis 

dros, gvamcnobs leonti 

mroveli. mcxeTis jvari 

Sendeba kaxeTisa da qarTlis 

sazRvarze; aSenebdnen kaxeTis, 

Sida qarTlisa da klarjeTjavaxeTis 

patronebi. Sida qarTlSi 

_ ateni, kaxeTSi _ SuamTa, 

egrisSi _ martvili. yvela es Zegli sul ocdaaTiode wlis produqtia 

da daaxloebiT 600-630-ian wlebSi eteva. aRniSnuli wlebi ki stefanoz 

I da adarnase qarTlis erismTavrebis zeobaze modis... aRniSnuli 30 weliwadi 

zustad kirion kaTalikosis moRvaweobis xanaa, swored im kirionis, 

romelic ioane drasxanakertelis cnobiT, iyo qarTlis, gugarqisa da egrisis 

arqiepiskoposi~. 74 

VI saukunis bolo da VII saukunis dasawyisi iyo epoqa gorgaslisdroindeli 

qarTuli saxelmwifos aRorZinebisa. es iyo aRdgena, ayvaveba-restavracia 

qarTuli sazogadoebrivi institutebisa da am axladaRorZinebul `yovel 

qarTls~ fexze dadgomis saSualeba ar misca ara arabobam, aramed herakle 

keisris laSqrobam. 

arabebis Semosevis dros qarTuli saxelmwifo, faqtobrivad, ganadgurebuli 

iyo herakle keisris mier, ramac arabebs gauadvila daSlili qarTlis 

damorCileba. faqtobrivad, arabebs `qarTli~, rogorc erTiani politikuri 

erTeuli, arc daxvedriaT. heraklem daamxo ara marto sparsTa 

saxelmwifo, aramed misi nawilobriv mokavSire qarTlis saxelmwifoc, Zalze 

daasusta da dasaja igi. 

herakles mier qarTuli saxelmwifosa da eklesiis dasjas TiTqmis ar 

moepoveba analogiebi qarTveli eris xangrZlivi istoriis manZilze. swored 

am dros moxda qarTuli eklesiis iurisdiqciis sazRvrebis damcroba. 

saerTod Zneli gasagebia, Tu ra mizezis gamo dasaja heraklem qarTuli 

saxelmwifo da eklesia. Tu es ganapiroba mefe-erismTavar stefanozisa da


istoria 

449 

qarTlis erTi kuTxis (Tbilis-gugarqis) sparselebTan TanamSromlobam, ma- 

Sin keisris risxva ar unda dastexoda qarTlis udides qalkedonitur 

nawils. magram heraklem qarTli, misi mrwamsis miuxedavad, mTlianad, er- 

Tianad dasaja. saerTod, herakle Zalze sastiki kaci iyo, aRmosavleTis 

qristianebs ise sZuldaT is, rom sixaruliTa da aRtacebiTac ki Sexvdnen 

arabebs da, faqtobrivad, maT, musliman dampyroblebs gadasces aRmosavleTi. 

WeSmaritebasTan, albaT, axlos viqnebiT, Tu vityviT, rom heraklem qarTli 

dasaja ara sarwmunoebrivi aRmsareblobisaTvis, aramed keisars afrTxobda 

qarTlis saxelmwifos aRorZineba zRvidan albaneTamde. I-IV saukuneebSi da 

adrec qarTlis saxelmwifo, faqtobrivad, erTaderTi tradiciuli metoqe 

iyo kavkasiaSi jer romis, Semdeg ki rom-berZenTa imperiisa. herakles 

afrTxobda iberiis Zveli saxelmwifos aRorZineba da misi mezobloba. 

iberia CrdiloeTis karebis gasaRebis mflobeli iyo da am gasaRebs Tavis 

saxelmwifo interesebisaTvis xSirad gadascemda xolme xan romaelebs, xan 

sparselebs. sparseTis saxelmwifos damxobis Semdeg heraklem misi potenciuri 

momxre qarTli Zalze daasusta. man, `qarTlis cxovrebisa~ da sumbatis 

qronikis Tanaxmad, qarTlis samefo dinastiis _ bagrationebis xosroianebiT 

Secvlis Semdeg, qarTul saxelmwifos CamoaWra mniSvnelovani 

teritoriebi zRvispireTSi. es iyo Zalze mniSvnelovani faqti qarTuli 

eklesiis istoriaSi _ Seicvala eklesiis iurisdiqciis sazRvari. matiane 

wers: _ `maSin kualad wariRes berZenTa sazRvari qarTlisa: speri da 

bolo klarjeTisa, zRYs piri~. 75 heraklem mTeli SavizRvispireTi miuerTa 

Tavis imperias. bunebrivia, es teritoriebi saeklesio (qalkedonis) kanonTa 

Tanaxmad, gamovida qarTuli eklesiis iurisdiqciidan da Sevida bizantiis 

(konstantinopolis sapatriarqos) iurisdiqciaSi, radganac eklesiis sazRvrebi 

saxelmwifo sazRvrebs unda damTxveoda. 

berZnuli saepiskoposoebis teritoriuli ganlagebidan kargad Cans, qarTuli 

eklesiis romeli teritoriebi Sevida konstantinopolis iurisdiqciaSi. 

cnobilia, rom dasavleT saqarTveloSi ganlagebuli berZnuli saepiskoposoebi 

bizantiur noticiebSi Cndeba herakles laSqrobis Semdeg, VII saukunis 

pirveli mesamedidan. VII saukunemde arc erTi berZnuli saepiskoposo 

ar moixseneba binaztiur noticiebSi, aq igulisxmeba mdinare egriswylidan 

petras CaTvliT moqceuli teritoria. 

dasavleT saqarTvelos aneqsirebuli teritoriebi konstantinopolis sapatriarqom 

Seiyvana lazikis eparqiaSi. am eparqiis foTis (fazisis) samitropolitoSi 

Sedioda oTxi saepiskoposo, adre qarTuli eklesiis iurisdiqciaSi 

myof teritoriaze ki Semdegi berZnuli saepiskoposoebi daarsda: 

1. TviT foTis (fasoi) samitropolito kaTedra; 

2. petras (petronis, cixisZiris) saepiskoposo kaTedra; 

3. ziginevis (gudayva) saepiskoposo kaTedra;


jafariZe 

4. saisinis (caiSi) saepiskoposo kaTedra; 

5. rodopolisis (vardcixis) saepiskoposo kaTedra. 

unda vivaraudoT, rom yvela es berZnuli saepiskoposo VII saukuneSi 

erTdroulad ki ar daarsebula, aramed TandaTan. Tu rodopolisi namdvilad 

baRdaTis raionis varcixea, maSin berZnuli saepiskoposoebis teritoriuli 

ganlagebidan gamomdinareobs, rom `qarTlis cxovrebis~ terminSi 

`zRvispiri~, igulisxmeboda mTeli istoriuli egrisi, anu teritoria Savi 

zRvidan da egriswylidan skanda-Sorapnis xazamde, romelic istoriulad 

iberia-egrisis sazRvrad iTvleboda. viwro mniSvnelobiT iberiis (qarTlis) 

sazRvari egrisTan gadioda skanda-Sorapnis xazze, xolo farTo gagebiT 

_ egrisi iberiaSi Sedioda. 

dasavleT saqarTvelos mniSvnelovani provinciis _ argveTis didi nawili 

kvlav qarTlis samefoSi darCa. igi ar Sesula bizantiis imperiaSi, 

amitomac masze iurisdiqcias kvlavindeburad axorcielebda qarTuli da 

ara berZnuli eklesia. aq wirva-locvis ena berZnuli arasdros yofila. 

Tu aRmosavleT saqarTveloSi herakle keisarma eklesiebSi qarTveli 

qristianebi daaxocina (èklesiaTa Sina mdinareni sisxlTani diodes~ _ 

sumbatis qronikidan), dasavleT saqarTvelos mniSvnelovani nawili Camoacila 

qarTul eklesias. 

VII saukunis 30-ian wlebSi qarTuli eklesiis iurisdiqciis dasavleTi 

sazRvari Seicvala da amis Semdeg egriswyalsa da Savi zRvis nacvlad 

gadioda skanda-Sorapnis xazze _ argveTSi. istoriul egrisze konstantinopolma 

ganaxorciela Tavisi iurisdiqcia, rac kargad Cans trulis 692 wlis 

saeklesio krebis xelismomwerTa siidanac, romelSic bizantiel episkoposTa 

Soris moxsenebulni arian foTisa da petronis (cixisZiris) episkoposebi. 

`ganyofa~ qarTul da somxur 

eklesiaTa Soris 

k. kekeliZe wers: `somxebisagan eklesiurad CamoSoreba, romelsac adgili 

hqonda VII saukunis dasawyiss, moxda, rogorc cnobilia, sxvaTa Soris, 

erovnul-kulturuli ideologiis safuZvelzedac. qarTvelebi amieridan 

miznad isaxaven TandaTanobiT ganTavisuflebas aRmosavluri saeklesio 

tradiciebisagan. am niadagze warmoiSva gamwvavebuli polemika somxebTan, 

romelic iqamde mivida, rom qarTvelebma warsulSic ki uaryves yovelgvari 

kulturul-eklesiuri urTierToba somxebTan...~ 76 

ganxeTqileba, romelsac qarTveli da somexi istorikosebis Tanaxmad, 

Sedegad mohyolia `ganyofa~ am eklesiaTa Soris, Sedegi yofila imdroindeli 

politikuri situaciisa.


istoria 

451 

p. ingoroyva kargad gadmoscems qveynis mdgomareobas: ìberiaSi me-6 

saukunis 70-ian wlebSi moxda ajanyeba iranelTa batonobis winaaRmdeg, rac 

dasrulda erovnuli xelisuflebis aRdgeniT iberiaSi, magram mdgomareoba 

iberiis am axali xelisuflebisa ar iyo mtkice; amis gamoxatulebaa, kerZod, 

is faqtic, rom iberiis xelisuflebis meTauri atarebs ara `mefis~, aramed 

èrismTavris~, anda `didi erisTavis~ tituls. im dros arsebul saerTa- 

Soriso viTarebaSi iberiis Zveli `samefos~ aRdgena ver moxerxda. 

iberiis am axal xelisuflebas uxdeba meryeoba or gareSe Zalas _ iransa 

da bizantias Soris. 590-604 wlebSi iberia bizantiis gavlenis sferoSi 

moeqceva; Semdeg 605 wlidan, vidre 620-ian wlebamde, iberiaSi isev iranis 

batonoba damyarda; xolo 620-iani wlebidan irakli keisris aRmosavleTSi 

laSqrobis droidan, iberia kvlav bizantiis gavlenis sferoSia moqceuli~. 77 

570-iani wlebidan 604 wlamde, roca saqarTvelo moqceuli iyo bizantiis 

gavlenis sferoSi, qarTuli eklesia sruliad qalkedonituria da aRar 

imyofeba somxuri eklesiis zegavlenis qveS. miuxedavad amisa, am or moZme 

eklesias mainc aqvs urTierTkavSiri, albaT, kulturul-sulieri. magaliTad, 

momavali qarTlis kaTalikosi kirioni daaxloebiT am periodSi jer somxeTSi 

moRvaweobs, sadac is episkoposia, Semdgom ki gadmodis qarTlSi. 

mdgomareoba sruliad icvleba 604 wlidan, bizantiaze sparseTis warmatebiT 

gamarjvebebisa da amierkavkasiis sparseTisadmi daqvemdebarebis Semdgom. 

Tuki 570-iani wlebidan, vidre 604-605 wlebamde qarTuli eklesia somxuri 

eklesiisagan sruliad damoukidebeli iyo, 604/5 wlebidan somxeTs ucdia 

qarTuli eklesia kvlav moeqcia Tavisi zegavlenis qveS iseve, rogorc iyo 

VI saukunis 50-70-ian wlebamde. 604/5 wlebidan somxuri eklesiis cdas _ 

daemorCilebina qarTuli eklesia, saqarTveloSi gamouwvevia sapirispiro 

reaqcia, rasac 607-609 wlebSi Sedegad mohyva `ganyofa~ qarTul da somxur 

eklesiaTa Soris. somexTa kaTalikosma abraamma aukrZala somxebs raime 

kavSiri hqonodaT qarTvelebTan. TviT somxuri wyaroebis Tanaxmad, somxuri 

eklesiisagan sruli damoukidebloba qarTveli eris yvela fenis survili 

yofila. maT saerTo miswrafebas axorcielebda qarTlis didi kaTalikosi 

kirioni. rogorc smbat marzpanis epistoledan Cans, somxuri mxare qarTvelebs 

afrTxilebda, rom Tu qarTuli eklesia kvlav gaagrZelebda somxeTisagan 

damoukideblobis kurss, igi amas Seatyobinebda sparseTis mefes da dasjida 

ara marto eklesias, aramed saerTod qveyanas. marTlac, 614 wels 

sparseTis saxelmwifom gamosca brZaneba, romlis ZaliTac yvela qristiani 

ara marto amierkavkasiaSi, aramed mis mTel imperiaSi, unda damorCileboda 

somxur eklesias, winaaRmdeg SemTxvevaSi, maT gaasaxlebdnen. Cans, 614 wlis 

e.w. `sparsuli krebis~ Semdeg, saqarTveloSi mravali monofiziti gaCenila. 

amas xels isic Seuwyobda, rom TviT erismTavari stefanozi sparsuli 

orientaciisa iyo da mtrulad daxvda berZnebs.


jafariZe 

bunebrivia, antibizantiuri politikis gatarebisas, saqarTvelos mefemTavrebi 

antiqalkedonitebi iqnebodnen. antiqalkedonitoba ZiriTadi piroba 

iyo antibizantiurobisa. sparseTis TvalsazrisiT, antibizantiurobis gamoxatva 

dapyrobil qristianebs mxolod da mxolod antiqalkedonuri mrwamsis 

aRiarebiT SeeZloT. sparseTis mier dapyrobil saqarTveloSi antiqalkedonitoba 

aucilebeli iyo, magram es imave dros somxuri eklesiisadmi 

daqvemdebarebas niSnavda _ esec sparseTis mier moTxovnili antibizantiurobis 

gamoxatvis aucilebeli piroba iyo. Tu mosaxleobis, an qveynis 

romelime Temi im dros somxuri eklesiis mimarT loialur politikas 

daiWerda, Tavis Tavs somxuri sarwmunoebis matareblad, an somxuri eklesiisadmi 

daqvemdebarebulad gamoacxadebda, mas garantirebuli hqonda sparseTis 

imperiisagan garkveuli SeRavaTebi da uSiSroeba. aseTi mdgomareoba mosaxleobaSi 

popularuls xdida `somxur sarwmunoebas~ _ `somxobas~. 

somexi istorikosis, ioane mamikonianis matianidan irkveva, rom antibizantiur 

politikas, ara marto saqarTvelos erismTavari atarebda, aramed 

antibizantiuri orientaciisa yofila VII saukunis pirveli naxevris periodebSi 

mesxeTi (qvemo qarTlis, anu gugarqis antibizantiuroba cnobilia). 

ioane mamikonianis matianidan irkveva, rom `vaSden qarTvelTa (iverTa) 

mTavari, mflobeli mesxeTis mxareTa, iranis politikuri orientaciisa yofila, 

xolo misi diswuli hamami (mflobeli zRvispira mxarisa _ lazeTisa) 

bizantiis orientaciis moRvawed Cans. rac Seexeba, vaSdenis uSualo samflobelos, 

e.i. mesxeTis mxareebs (Woroxidan _ vanandamde, e.i. sakuTriv 

klarjeTis CaTvliT), aq vaSdenis sikvdilis Semdeg, mTavrad damjdara 

vaSdenis Ze jojiki. iranis Sahs xosro-farvizs qarTvelTa (iverielTa) 

mTavris jojikisaTvis uboZebia tituli marzpanisa... jojiki mesxeTis mxareTa 

mTavari yofila VII saukunis pirveli naxevaris manZilze. mematianis 

sityviT, `vaSdenis-Ze jojik, qarTvelTa (iverielTa) mTavari~ cocxali yofila 

VII saukunis Sua wlebSiac, rodesac kavkasiaSi pirvelad Semovidnen arab- 

Ta razmebi~. 78 

arabebma, iseve rogorc sparselebma, dapyrobil amierkavkasiaSi Seqmnes 

erTiani administraciuli erTeuli, romelsac uwodes àrminia~. dapyrobili 

qarTli àrminiaSi~ Sedioda, ise rogorc albaneTi da TviT somxeTi. 

ase rom, administraciuli centri kvlav somxeTSi iyo, rogorc sparsTa 

batonobisas. gansxvaveba imaSi mdgomareobda, rom sparselebma amierkavkasiaSi 

qarTuli, albanuri da somxuri eklesiebisagan erTi sarwmunoebrivsaeklesio 

erTeuli Seqmnes, xolo arabebma _ erTi administraciul-samoqalaqo 

erTeuli. mogvianebiT (IX saukuneSi) arabebma am administraciuli 

erTeulis meTaurad, anu vostikanad (amirad) erovnebiT somxebi daniSnes, 

romelTac somexTa, qarTvelTa da arabTa xelisufali _ ufalTufalic 

ewodeboda. safiqrebelia, rom qarTvelTa qveynis somexi xelisufali qarTlSi 

somxuri eklesiis poziciebs ganamtkicebda da ar Seasustebda.


istoria 

453 

rogorc zemoT moyvanilidan Cans, `ganyofa~ asureli mamebis mier dawyebuli 

qarTul da somxur eklesiaTa Soris daagvirgvina kirion kaTalikosma 

607-609 wlebSi, magram 613-614 wlidan somxur sarwmunoebas kvlav 

aqtiuri zemoqmedeba aqvs qarTlze, ase grZeldeba VII saukunis manZilze 

da Semdgom, TiTqmis X-XI saukuneebamde. amis erTi magaliTi mocemulia 

wyaroSi, romelsac mokled `sityvisgeba efTvime grZelisa sosTenis mimarT~ 

hqvia. aq gadmocemulia, rom TviT mefe bagratis iseTi upirvelesi 

saxelmwifo moxele, rogoricaa mwignobarTuxucesi, sarwmunoebiT iyo ara 

qalkedoniti, rogorc mosalodnelia, aramed monofiziti. es monofiziti 

mwignobarTuxucesi erovnebiT qarTvelia da ara somexi. es iqidan Cans, rom 

avtors qalkedonitoba qarTvelTa erovnul sarwmunoebad miaCnia, amitomac 

am monofozits, romelic ar misdevs Tavisi eris sarwmunoebas, `Sinagamcems~ 

uwodebs. is erovnebiT somexi rom yofiliyo, srulebiT ar eTqmoda 

`Sinagamcemi~. Sesabamisi teqsti aseTia: `maSin ukue iyo mwignobarTuxucesi 

mefisa saxelad efTvime. igica Tana-ziari iyo borotisa mis wvalebisa 

maTisa da Sinagamcemi sarwmunoebisa Cuenisa. aman azraxa sosTensa esreT, 

viTarmed...~ 79 Tu am saukuneSic ki mwignobarTuxucesi monofiziti iyo, maSin 

xalxSic mravlad iqnebodnen monofiziti qarTvelebi. k. kekeliZis daskvnebi, 

am mxriv, samarTliania. 

`qarTul da somxur eklesiebs Soris `ganxeTqileba mzaddeboda VI 

saukuneSi da damTavrda VII saukunis damdegs _ 608 wels~. 80 im dros, roca 

qarTulma eklesiam Tavi daixsna mezobeli eklesiis zegavlenisagan, mas 

sWirdeboda avtoritetuli eklesiebisa da saeklesio moRvaweebis dadastureba 

sarwmunoebriv-kanonikuri TvalsazrisiT misi moqmedebis sisworis 

Sesaxeb. Tavisi moqmedebis sisworis dasadastureblad kirionma sarwmunoebriv 

sakiTxebze miwer-mowera gamarTa romis pap grigol didTan (590-604), 

ierusalimis patriarqTanac. `qronografis~ cnobiT, qarTlis kaTalikoss 

urTierToba hqonda antioqiis patriarq anastasi mRvdelmowamesTan, romelic 

kirionis Tanamedrove iyo. 81 kirions mWidro urTierToba daumyarebia 

bizantiis imperiis sapatriarqoebTan. amis gamo mas brali dasdes saxelmwifo 

RalatSi. pirvelsave epistoleSi abraam somexTa kaTalikosi kirions 

bralad sdebs bunebiT Tanaziarisagan, anu somxuri eklesiisagan ganSorebas 

da ucxo samefosTan (albaT, bizantiis sapatriarqoebTan) `siyvarulis 

erTobas~: àris raRac, romelic daujereblad gveCvena: ucxo samefosTan 

rom Seqmna mefeTa-mefis monaTaganma siyvarulis erToba da bunebiT Tanamoziares 

gaSorde~. 82 

mefeTa-mefis monebaSi igulisxmebian TviT somexTa da qarTvelTa kaTalikosebi, 

da saerTod sparseTis imperiaSi moqceuli qveynebis mosaxleoba. 

kirioni sparseTis mier dapyrobili qveynis kaTalikosia, amitomac is mefe- 

Ta-mefis monaa. am `monis~ siyvarulis erToba ùcxo samefosTan~ imaSi


jafariZe 

gamoixateboda, rom qarTveli saeklesio moRvawe kavSirs daamyarebda ùcxo 

samefoSi~ Semaval saeklesio moRvaweebTan, antioqiisa da ierusalimis sapatriarqoebTan. 

marTlac, Tavis pasuxSi kirioni daufaravad wers, rom mas 

sarwmunoebrivi erToba aqvs ierusalimTan: `...TumcaRa mefeTa-mefis monebi 

varT, sarwmunoeba ierusalimisa gvaqvs da gveqneba~. 83 ìerusalimis~ qveS, 

SesaZloa, ara marto ierusalimis, antioqiis sapatriarqoc igulisxmeba, radganac 

ierusalimi qristianobis samSobloa. marTlac, berZnuli `qronografi~, 

romelic Tavis naSromSi gamoiyena efrem mcirem (ùwyebaA mizezsa qarTvel- 

Ta moqcevisasa~) wers, rom qarTlis sakaTalikosos kavSiri aqvs antioqiis 

patriarq anastasi mRvdelmowamesTan. es cnoba kargad Seefardeba VI-VII 

saukuneTa mijnaze qarTlis sakaTalikosoSi Seqmnil viTarebas. 

arseni safareli 

èrTobisdroindeli~ somexi kaTalikosebis 

Sesaxeb 

VI-VII saukuneebSi qarTul da somxur eklesiaTa Soris èrTobis~ xasia- 

Tis gamorkvevisaTvis moviyvanT arseni safarelis mier moxseniebul somex 

kaTalikosTa rigs, romelTac, ase Tu ise, gavlena hqoniaT qarTul eklesiaze. 

qarTul da somxur eklesiaTa `ganyofa~ ar unda gavigoT ise, TiTqosda 

kavkasiur adgilobriv eklesiaTa Soris moxda lokaluri saxis ganxeTqileba: 

sinamdvileSi aq globalur saeklesio movlenasTan gvaqvs saqme. 

arseni safarelica da qarTveli mematianeebic aRniSnaven, rom erTian msoflio, 

anu kaTolike-sayovelTao eklesiaSi moxda ganxeTqileba, ramac Tavisi 

gavlena iqonia qarTul eklesiaze. berZnuli (anu rom-berZenTa imperiis), 

somxuri, qarTuli da sxva eklesiebi erTian msoflio kaTolike, anu sayovelTao 

eklesias warmoadgenda. am erTian msoflio eklesias garkveuli 

mizezis gamo Camoscilda somxuri eklesia. roca qarTuli eklesiisaTvis 

cnobili gaxda, rom erTian msoflio eklesias Camoscilda somxuri eklesia, 

qarTulma eklesiam maSinve gawyvita saeklesio-kanonikuri urTierToba 

somxur eklesiasTan. 

sayovelTao msoflio eklesias qarTveli mematianeebi xSirad `berZnul~ 

eklesias uwodebdnen, radganac msoflio saeklesio centri, marTlac, berZenTa 

imperias moicavda. 

arseni safareli wers: `sparsTa mefeni aiZulebdes somexTa, raATa gane- 

Sornen berZenTa sarwmunoebasa~. 84 ufro adre sparsTa mefe avaldebulebs 

somxebs `ganyofisaTYs berZenTagan~ 85 . jer xdeba `berZenTagan~ somxebis `ganyofa~, 

xolo Semdeg `qarTlisagan~ somxebis daSoreba. `xolo qarTli yoveli da 

meoTxedi somxiTisa ganeyennes KelT-dasxmasa mRdelobisasa somexTagan~. 86


istoria 

455 

ganyofisdroindeli somexi kaTalikosebi arian: 

1. nerse mijini _ nerse II, kaTalikosi somexTa (548-557). moiwvia ori 

saeklesio kreba dvinSi, eklesia mimarTa monofizitobisaken. Tanamedrovea 

xosro I, anuSirvanisa (531-579), sparseTis Sahisa, romlis mmarTveloba sasanidebis 

saxelmwifos didi siZlieris periodi iyo. arsenis mixedviT, dvinis 

krebis Semdeg iqmna `cilobaA didi Soris somxiTisa da qarTlisa~. 87 es 

ciloba naxevari saukune mainc gagrZelebula, vidre kirionamde. cilobis 

mizezi Semdegi yofila: `...krebaA yves somexTa qalaqsa dvinsa da SeCuenebiT 

gandges aRsarebisagan wmidisa kaTolike eklesiisa da ganeyennes oTxTa 

sapatriarqoTagan da gardaaqcies aRTqumai, igi, romeli daudva wmidaman 

grigoli kesaria eklesiisa, ukunisamde ara ganSorebad misgan KelT-dasxmaA 

episkoposebisa somxiTisaA da rameTu somxiTman brZanebaA moiRo spars- 

Ta mefisagan KelT-dasxmaA episkoposebisa TaviT TYsiT... iqmna ciloba didi 

Soris somxiTisa da qarTlisa~. ese cilobaA iyo Soris somexTa da qarTvelTa 

dReTa nerse kaTalikozisa somexTasa...~ 88 

wmida grigolis mier daarsebuli somxuri eklesia kesariis eklesias 

eqvemdebareboda. arsenis Tanaxmad, wmida grigols aRTqma hqonia dadebuli, 

rom somxuri eklesia ukunisamde ar ganSordeboda msoflio erTian kaTolike, 

anu sayovelTao eklesias, kerZod, ar ganSordeboda oTx sapatriarqos, 

romelTa erTobac msoflio eklesias warmoadgenda. somxuri eklesia msoflio 

eklesiasTan dakavSirebuli yofila kesariis eklesiis saSualebiT, 

romelic, Tavis mxriv, erT-erT sapatriarqoSi Sedioda. somxuri eklesia 

iseTi xarisxiTaa dakavSirebuli kesariis eklesiasTan, rom mas ufleba ara 

aqvs `TaviT TYsiT~ akurTxos episkoposebi. es kesariaSi unda moxdes, anda 

kesariis nebiT unda aRsruldes. 

nerses dros mowveul krebas somxuri eklesia, faqtobrivad, ganuSorebia 

msoflio eklesiisgan, radganac sparsTa mefis nebiT am krebas miuRia 

gadawyvetileba kesariis nebarTvis gareSe TviT somxur eklesiasve ekurTxebina 

episkoposebi _ moexdina `...KelT-dasxma episkoposebisa TaviT TYsiT~. 

im epoqaSi, msoflio eklesiis erTianobis ideidan gamomdinare, somxur 

eklesias (da albaT, sxva adgilobriv eklesiebsac, maT Soris, qarTulsac) 

ara hqonia ufleba, Tavisi episkoposebi, an kaTolikosi daesva ise, rom amis 

Sesaxeb ar miemarTa mezobeli eklesiebisaTvis. `faustos buzandis erTi 

cnobis analizis Semdeg n. adonci wers: `somxebs saSualeba ar hqondaT 

daedginaT Tavisi episkoposebi, an kaTolikosi, mezobel eklesiebTan mimarTvis 

gareSe~. 89 

arseni safarelis mixedviTac, imis Semdeg, rac somxurma eklesiam kesariasTan 

kavSiri gawyvita, somxeTSi aRar icodnen, sad ekurTxebinaT, anda 

rogor ekurTxebinaT TavianTi episkoposebi. aseTi dabneulobis dros maT 

sxva veraferi moifiqres _ ganmoarCies somexi episkoposi, romlis samwyso


jafariZe 

yvelaze axlos iyo kesariis eklesiasTan da mas daavales axali somexi 

episkoposebis kurTxevisaTvis Tanxmobis gacema. am somxurma saepiskoposom 

Secvala kesariis eklesia. taronis saepiskoposo, misi kesariasTan teritoriuli 

siaxlovis gamo, arsenis Tanaxmad, kesariis eklesiis Semcvleli 

gaxda. formalurad TiTqosda yvelaferi Zveleburadve iyo _ episkoposis 

axali kandidatis kurTxevis neba kvlav kesariis mxridan modioda: `... ara 

aqunda adgil, sadamca ikurTxes episkoposi, da ganisma somxiTsa, viTarmed 

gandges... Kel-dasxmisagan kesariisa... da mouvlines nerSapus, taronisa episkopossa... 

orTa Tana moyuasTa misTa, da hrques... Cuen ara guaqus saydari, sada 

Kelni davisxneT da mivhmarTeT Sensa keTilad msaxurebasa, raATa dagYdginne 

Cuen episkoposni~. 90 

arsenis Tanaxmad, episkoposTa kurTxevisaTvis aucilebeli iyo mezobeli 

eklesiis Tanxmoba, ufro metic, TiTqosda mezobeli eklesia adgenda episkoposebs. 

amitomac, srulebiT gasagebia arsenis gancxadeba imis Sesaxeb, rom 

`qarTli yoveli da meoTxedi somxiTisa ganeyenes xelTdasxmasa mRdelobisasa 

somexTagan~. arsenis Tanaxmad, msoflio sayovelTao eklesiasTan 

somxeTi kesariis saSualebiTaa dakavSirebuli, qarTuli eklesia ki _ somxuri 

eklesiis saSualebiT. `qarTvelni etyodes, viTarmed: `wmidaman grigoli 

saberZneTiT moguca Cuen sarwmunoebaA~. 91 radganac somxeTis episkoposebi 

kesariaSi aRar iReben xeldasxmas, amitomac aRarc qarTveli sam- 

Rvdeloeba miiRebs xeldasxmas somxeTSi. 

nerse kaTalikoss dvinSi meorejerac mouwvevia kreba iustinianesa (527- 

565) da xosros dros: `da kualad SeaCuenes wmidaA igi kreba qalkidonisaA~. 92 

arseni safarelis mixedviT, `qarTlisagan somxiTis~ ganyofa xdeba am 

nerse II-s dros, VI saukunis meore naxevarSi. qarTl-somxeTs erToba hqonia 

VI saukunis pirvel naxevarSi, kerZod 506-520-iani wlebidan 550-ian wlebSi 

mowveul dvinis I krebamde. 

arseni safarelis TxzulebaSi nerse II da kirioni (595-610) TiTqosda 

Tanamedroveni arian, magram arseni gulisxmobs imas, rom kirionis dros 

ukiduresad oficialurad gamwvavda is winaaRmdegoba, rac nerses dros 

daiwyo or eklesias Soris. 

2. ioane II gabeleneli (557-574) somxeTis kaTalikosi agrZelebda nerses 

kurss. man SemoiRo somxur eklesiaSi jer kidev VI saukuneSi dadasturebuli 

praqtika ziarebisas aufuebeli purisa da wyalgaureveli Rvinis 

xmarebisa. arseni aRwers nerse II-is mier mowveul dvinis krebas da Semdeg 

iqve urTavs cnobas nerses Semdgomi kaTalikosis ioane gabelenelis mier 

manaskertSi mowveuli krebis Sesaxeb. `s. kakabaZe Tvlida, rom arsenis mier 

dasaxelebuli manazkertis kreba da misi meTauri ioane kaTalikosi _ 

arian ara 726 wlis kreba da ioane oZuneli (718-729), aramed kaTalikosi 

ioane gabeleneli (557-574) da mis mier VI saukunis 60_ian wlebSi mowveu-


istoria 

457 

li somxuri adgilobrivi saeklesio kreba~. 93 am krebas daudgenia ziarebisas 

wyalgareuli Rvinisa da safuariani puris miRebis akrZalva. marTalia, 

am krebis Semdgom VII saukunis garkveul periodebSi somxuri eklesiis 

qalkedonituri aRmsareblobis gamo es dadgenileba irRveoda, amitomac 

saWiro gaxda 726 wels manaskertis krebaze am dadgenilebis kvlav gamotana 

da damtkiceba. somxuri eklesiis praqtikaSi ziarebisas wyalgaureveli 

Rvinis xmarebas adasturebs VI msoflio kreba. `VI msoflio saeklesio 

krebis kanonebis 32-e muxli ukve am praqtikis winaaRmdeg aris mimarTuli~. 

94 arseni safarelis mixedviT, ziarebisas wyalgaureveli Rvinisa da 

aufuebeli puris xmareba SemouRia nerse II-is Semdgom kaTalikos ioanes, IV 

saukunis meore naxevarSi. am cnobas iqve adasturebs da amtkicebs arseni 

imiT, rom ioane gabelenelis Semdgomi kaTalikosi mose elivardeli (574- 

604) Zalze mtkiced icavs ziarebisas wyalgaureveli Rvinisa da aufuebeli 

puris miRebis wess. ufro metic, is dascinis ziarebisaTvis saWiro RvinoSi 

wylis garevasa da puris afuebas. uwodebs am wess berZnebis mier SemoRebuls. 

afuebul purs dacinviT `furnids~ uwodebs, wyalgareul Rvinos ki _ 

`Termons~. aqedanac Cans, rom ara 726 wlis manaskertis krebas gulisxmobs 

arseni ìoanes mier mowveul krebaSi~, aramed VI saukunis meore naxevris 

somxuri eklesiis krebas, romelsac ziarebis zemoT moyvanili wesi daudgenia, 

da romelsac mtkiced icavs VI saukunis momdevno kaTalikosi mose. 

3. mose elivardeli (574-604), somxeTis kaTalikosi, antiberZnuli orientaciisaa. 

is ar midis konstantinopolSi, sadac miwveuli iyo molaparakebisaTvis, 

amayad acxadebs: àra wiaRvKde mdinaresa azatsa, romel ars sazRvari 

sparsTaA, ara vWamo furnidi berZenTa da arca vsua Termoni maTi~. 95 

mose ar apirebs sparsTa saxelmwifos datovebas, romelSic somxeTic Sedioda, 

da araTu molaparakeba, aramed berZnebTan ziarebac ki ar surs. 

berZnuli ziarebis wesi misTvis sruliad miuRebelia. 

mose elivardelis dros somxuri eklesia orad gaiyo. erTi, monofizituri 

nawilis kaTalikosi TviT mosea, meore, qalkedonituri nawilisa ki _ 

ioane kogoviteli. `591 wels mavrikesa da xosros Soris dadebuli zaviT 

airaratis umetesi nawilis somxeTis bizantiur nawilSi moeqca, male gaqalkedonitda 

da kaTalikosadac qalkedoniti ioane kogoviteli daudga~. 96 male 

srulebiT icvleba saerTaSoriso mdgomareoba, iniciativas iRebs sparseTi, 

gadadis Setevaze da ipyrobs qalkedonitur somxeTs. sebeosis cnobiT, 

`sparselebi basianSi Casulan xosros mefobis me-18 wels. (591+18=609), 

daumarcxebiaT berZnebi, alya SemourtyamT karnu qalqisaTvis da auRiaT...~ 

97 arseni wers: ìqmna homi igi basianisa, romelsa iZlivnes ionni 

sparsTagan... amas welsa war-ityuena karnu-qalaqi ahmadisagan da iohane 

kaTalikosi, romeli iyo nawilsa berZenTasa da amave welsa gadasxna mose 

kaTalikozman mRdelni TYsisa Kelisagan. iohanes kerZni, da warvides romeln-


jafariZe 

ime taos romelnime ionTa Tana~. 98 ueWvelia, am winadadebaSi gadamwers 

SemTxveviT erTmaneTisaTvis gadaubams ori, sul sxvadasxva winadadeba. 

sparsTa mier qalkedonituri somxeTis dapyrobis dros kaTalikosi iyo 

ara mose, aramed abraami, amitomac winadadeba _ `...amasve welsa ganasxna 

mose...~ 99 ar zis Tavis adgilze. Tu es ase ar aris da gadamwers Secdoma 

ar dauSvia, maSin gamodis, rom arsens tao ar miaCnia somxuri eklesiis 

nawilad, radganac sparselebma daipyres ara marto airarati, aramed taoc 

da samxreTi saqarTveloc _ mesxeTi. cxadia, tao somxeTis nawili rom 

yofiliyo, an somxur eklesiaSi Semavali provincia, masze Tavis uflebas 

ganaxorcielebda somxeTis monofiziti kaTalikosi taos sparsTagan dapyrobis 

dros (ise, rogorc airaratze) da somexi samRvdeloeba taoSi ar 

gadavidoda. SeiZleba tao _ qarTlis erT-erTi provincia _ somxuri eklesiis 

zegavlenis qveS, mis SemadgenlobaSi Semavali maSin iyo, roca 

saerTod qarTuli eklesia iyo somxuri eklesiis zegavlenis qveS 506-20iani 

wlebidan 551-570-ian wlebamde, 590-ian wlebSi is qalkedonitur somxur 

eklesiaSi Sedioda. qalkedonituri somxuri eklesiis gaqroba-ganadgurebis 

kvalobaze tao Tavis deda qarTul eklesias ubrundeba da nelnela 

iSorebs aramSobliur somxur enobriv kvals. 

4. abraham albaTaneli (607-615), kaTalikosi somxeTisa. abraamis dros 

`gandevna kYrion qarTlisa kaTalikozman mose episkoposi curtavisaA saydrisagan 

TYsisa... iTxova abraham kYrionisagan saydari misi, xolo igi ara 

erCda mas da ganzYnda cilobaA igi Soris maTsa~. 100 aqedan Cans, rom 

arsenis Tanaxmad, kirionma qarTul eklesiaSi Semavali curtavis eparqiidan 

gandevna episkoposi: `gandevna... saydrisagan Tvisisa~. aq igulisxmeba 

ara kirionis `saydari~, aramed curtavelis saepiskoposo `saydari~. abraami 

sTxovs kirions, gadasces somxur eklesias mTliani eparqia curtavisa: 

ìTxova abraham kYrionisagan saydari misi~. kirionma ar gadasca curtavis 

eparqia (`saydari~) somxur eklesias, ramac gamoiwvia urTierTSecileba _ 

`ganzYnda ciloba~. 

5. komitasi (daaxl. 614-630), somxeTis kaTalikosi, monawileobda `sparsul 

krebaSi~ 614 wels. iyo mdidari, antiqalkedoniti. man gamoaCina ioane 

mairavaneli, anu mairagomeli. mis dros Seicvala `kanoni da wesni pirvelni~, 

TviT gamosca axali kanonebi, romlis gamoc àiSala Zueli da ver daamtkices 

axali, aramed yoveli kaci TYs-TYs saxeobs vidre moaqamomde~. 101 e.i. 

komitasis droidan arseni safarelis dromde somxeTis saeklesio cxovreba 

aSlilia. arsenis azriT, èse yoveli qmna KeliTa gancofebulisa ioane 

maAreguemelisaATa. 102 

6. qristefore apahuneli (628-630), somxeTis kaTalikosi, mteri iyo ioane 

mairagomelisa. igi taxtidan Camoagdes. 

7. ezra faraznakerteli (628-642), somxeTis kaTalikosi. mis dros `somxuri 

eklesia kvlav dauaxlovda diofiziturs, Tumca, monoTelitobis niadagze,


istoria 

459 

rac wyvetilebiT 726 wlamde gagrZelda~. 103 mis dros kvlav aRorZinebula 

komitas-mairagomelis wvaleba. aRivsoo, _ wers arseni, `queyanaA somxiTisaA 

sikudilisa momtyuebeliTa swavliTa~. 104 misTvis herakle keisars sparse- 

Tis damarcxebis Semdeg ubrZanebia saeklesio krebis mowveva karnu-qalaqs. 

somxurma eklesiam, arsenis Tanaxmad, am krebaze aRiara `marTali~ sarwmunoeba, 

anu qalkedonitoba. karnu-qalaqis, anu Teodosiopolis kreba, romelzedac 

somexTa sapatriarqom qalkedonitoba aRiara, TariRdeba 632 wliT. arseni 

wers: `movida herakle mefe somxiTs da ixila wvalebaA somexTaA da friad 

Sewuxna warwymedisa maTisaTYs... brZana krebaA didi yofad episkoposTa da 

moZRuarTa somxiTisaTa da miwera wigni ezra kaTolikozisa da aznaurTa, 

raATa Semokrben karnu-qalaqs da gamoiZion sarwmunoebaA krebisaTYs. qalkidonisa 

da cnan WeSmaritad ori bunebaA qristHsi somexTa da moiwivnes 

yovelni erTobiT winaSe mefisa da gamoiwuliles mesamed mravliTa ZiebiTa 

da daamtkices marTali. da daemorCilnes somexni ficiT KeliTweriliTa... 

da viTar uk-moiqces dvins, miiqces masve nebasa wymedulsa...~ 105 kaTalikos 

ezras ebrZvis ioane mairagomeli. 

8. nerse iSxneli (641-661), somxeTis kaTalikosi, kaci Rirsi da marTlmorwmune. 

gandevna da dasaja ioane mairagomeli. mas ixsenebs giorgi 

merCule IX saukuneSio, _ wers is, _ `nebiTa RvTisaTa iqmna saba episkopos 

iSxans zeda, netarsa nerse kaTalikozisa aRSenebulsa kaTolike eklesiasa 

da saydarsa missa, romeli weliwadTa mravalTa daqvrivebul iyo~. 106 

marTalia, nerse somxeTis kaTalikosi iyo, magram qalkedoniti, amitom mas 

merCule netars uwodebs, arseni ki _ marTlmorwmunes. SeiZleba nerse taoeli 

qarTveli iyo, somxuri eklesiis wevri ise, rogorc taos qarTveloba. 

SeiZleba misi qarTvelobis gamo, somex kaTalikosTa Soris gansakuTrebuli 

simpaTiiT TiTqmis mas erTaderTs moixsenieben qarTveli istorikosebi. 

9. anastasi (661-667) somxeTis kaTalikosi, TiTqmis qalkedoniti. 

10. israeli (667-677) somxeTis kaTalikosi. man ioane mairavanelis sikvdilis 

Semdeg gandevna misi mowafeebi. arseni am kaTalikosis Semdeg arc 

erT sxva somex kaTalikoss ar axsenebs (TariRebisaTvis ix. iqve, z. aleqsi- 

Zis komentarebi). 

qarTuli eklesiis sapatriarqo eklesiad 

gamocxadeba VII saukuneSi 

qarTul eklesias sapatriarqo eklesiad wodebis Rirseba miuRia VII 

saukuneSi. am saukunis meore naxevarSi jer antioqiis sapatriarqos uRiarebia 

es, ganusazRvravs misi iurisdiqciis sazRvrebi, xolo Semdeg VI 

msoflio saeklesio krebas daudasturebia. masac aseve ganusazRvravs qarTuli 

eklesiis iurisdiqciis sazRvrebi. aRsaniSnavia, rom msoflio krebis mier


jafariZe 

gansazRvruli iurisdiqciis sazRvrebi qarTuli eklesiisa gansxvavdeba 

antioqiis sapatriarqos mier aRiarebuli iurisdiqciis sazRvrebisagan. 

`qarTlis cxovrebis~ CanarTi, romelSic moyvanilia es cnobebi, gadmogvcems, 

rom qarTuli eklesiis meTaurs patriarqis titulis tarebis ufleba mieca, 

swored am dros, jer antioqiis sapatriarqos, xolo Semdeg VI msoflio 

krebis mier. 

`qarTlis cxovrebis~ CanarTis cnobebs, Cans, adasturebs ucxoeTSi aRmoCenili 

epigrafikuli masalac. 

saqarTvelos farglebs gareT guTeTSi aRmoCenila VIII saukunis dasawyisis 

berZnuli warwera, romelSic qarTuli eklesiis meTaurs `patriarqi~ 

ewodeba. xersonis arqeologiuri gaTxris dros aRmoCenila marmarilos 

fila berZnuli warweriT: `goTiis marTlmadidebeli mosaxleoba 750 wels 

irCevs Tavis moZRvrad (winamZRvrad) Rirs (wmida) ioanes da gzavnis mas 

iberiis sapatriarqo taxtze, sadac igi episkoposad ekurTxa da sadac 

Seucvlelad icaven saeklesio WeSmariti sarwmunoebis dogmebs. 107 

guTeTis samwyso, rogorc am warweridanac Cans, Zveli saeklesio tradiciebisa 

da wesebis erTguli yofila. aq qarTul eklesias `sapatriarqo saydars~ 

ar uwodebdnen, mas es Rirseba karga xnis miRebuli rom ar hqonoda. am 

warweris Tanaxmad, 750 wels qarTuli eklesia ukve sapatriarqo eklesiaa. 

arsebobs sxva wyaroebic, romelTa analiziTac SeiZleba davaskvnaT, rom 

qarTuli eklesiis meTauri iseve atarebda patriarqis tituls VII saukuneSi, 

rogorc mezobel eklesiaTa meTaurebi amierkavkasiaSi. 

cnobilia, rom amierkavkasiis sam _ qarTlis, albaneTis da somxeTis 

eklesiebs mWidro urTierToba hqondaT, magram Zvel somxur da albanur 

wyaroTa Tanaxmad, qarTuli eklesia tols ar udebda arc somxur da, miT 

umetes, arc albanur eklesias. qarTuli eklesia Tavis pativsa da Rirsebas 

albanurze ufro maRla ayenebda. uxtanesisa da sxva istorikosTa Tanaxmad, 

ganxeTqileba qarTul da somxur eklesiebs Soris imas gamouwvevia, rom 

raRac mizeziT somxuri eklesiis meTaurs albaneTis eklesiis mamamTavari 

ufro maRla dauyenebia, vidre qarTuli eklesiisa. qarTveli mamamTavari 

Zalze ganawyenebula, radganac mas Tavisi pativi ufro metad miaCnda, vidre 

albaneTis mamamTavris pativi. aqedan is daskvna SeiZleba gamovitanoT, rom 

Tu VII saukuneSi somxeTis eklesiisa da gansakuTrebiT ki, albaneTis eklesiis 

meTaurs hqonda tituli patriarqisa, aucileblad amave tituls qarTuli 

eklesiis meTauric atarebda. 

adreuli Sua saukuneebis qarTuli eklesiis istoriis sakiTxebis rkvevisas, 

aucileblad mxedvelobaSi unda iqnas miRebuli albaneTisa da somxe- 

Tis eklesiaTa istoriis masalebi. am eklesiebs hqondaT msgavsi struqtura 

da erTnairad iyvnen mowyobilni. am eklesiaTa erTmaneTTan Sedareba da 

erTi eklesiis magaliTze meore eklesiisaTvis daskvnis gamotana SeiZleba


istoria 

461 

TiTqmis IX-X saukuneebamde. es iTqmis gansakuTrebiT qarTlisa da albane- 

Tis eklesiebze, radganac, Tu somxeTis eklesias lider eklesiad miaCnda 

Tavisi Tavi, qarTlisa da albaneTis eklesiebi Tanabar uflebriv mdgomareobaSi 

iyvnen, Tumca, qarTlis eklesiis meTaurs ufro meti pativi hqonia, 

vidre albaneTis eklesiisas (qarTvel ierarqTa mtkicebiT). 

bunebrivia, Tu qarTuli eklesiis pativi aRemateboda albaneTis eklesiisas, 

maSin qarTuli eklesia meti uflebebiT isargeblebda; Tu albaneTis eklesia 

V-VII saukuneebSi albaneTSive akurTxebda mirons, aseTi ufleba qarTul 

eklesiasac eqneboda; Tu albaneTis kaTalikosi atarebda patriarqis tituls, 

aseTive uflebiT isargeblebda qarTuli eklesiis meTauric da a.S. 

Tu SeiZleba bizantiis imperiis gareT myofi amierkavkasiis eklesiaTa 

uflebriv mdgomareobaTa Soris paralelis gavleba, SeuZlebelia am dros 

erTmaneTs SevadaroT bizantiis imperiaSi Semavali eklesiebisa da qarTuli 

eklesiis uflebebi. imis Semdeg, rac qarTuli eklesia Camoscilda 

amierkavkasiis eklesiebs da umWidroesi kavSiri daamyara bizantiis eklesiasTan, 

gansakuTrebiT XI saukunis Semdeg, qarTuli eklesiis yvela Zveli 

ufleba TiTqmis xelaxali msjelobisa da aRiarebis sagnad iqca. 

mose kalankatuelis àlvanTa qveynis istoria~ Zalze mniSvnelovani 

wyaroa albaneTis da agreTve saqarTvelos istoriisaTvisac. is Seicavs 

masalebs X saukunis naxevramde. zogierT mkvlevarTa TvalsazrisiT, am 

wignis I da III Tavis erTi nawili dawerilia VII saukunis TviTmxilveli 

avtoris mier. `... VII saukunis avtors movses kalankatuacis gauTvaliswinebia 

xalxuri Tqmulebebi da gadmocemebi... samoqalaqo Tu sasuliero 

pirTa oficialuri mimowera, rac daculi unda yofiliyo monastrebsa da 

sasaxleebSi~. 108 

mose kalankatuelis àlvanTa qveynis istoriis~ Tanaxmad, albanuri eklesiis 

mamamTavrebi patriarqis tituls atareben wina saukuneebidan VI 

saukunemde, aseve VI-VII da IX-X saukuneebSi. saerTod, am wignis Tanaxmad, 

albaneTis mamamTavari atarebs rogorc kaTalikosis, aseve patriarqis tituls. 

patriarqis tituli ara Tu ucxoa, aramed bunebrivicaa albaneTis kaTalikosisaTvis. 

mose kalankatuelis Tanaxmad, albaneTis eklesia garkveulad somxur 

eklesiazea daqvemdebarebuli; somxuri eklesia upiratesi eklesiaa. miuxedavad 

amisa, somxuri eklesiis mamamTavari albaneTis mamamTavars uwodebs 

patriarqs da ase mimarTavs: `Cvens Tanamosaydre alvaneTis patriarqs~. 109 

asea VII saukunis miwurulisaTvis. 

mose kalankatueli gadmogvcems aseT ambavs: albanTa qveynis erTi episkoposi 

gaigzavna honTa qveyanaSi maT gasaqristianeblad. episkoposma moaqcia 

honebi. honTa mTavrebma ramdenjerme dabejiTebiT sTxoves episkoposs, dar- 

Ceniliyo maTi qveynis mwyemsad. episkoposma upasuxa: `me ar SemiZlia dag-


jafariZe 

eTanxmoT alvaneTis didi patriarqis wmida eliazaris gareSe... saWiroa 

Tqveni gonivruli azri werilobiT gaacnoT mTels alvaneTis qveyanas da 

patriarq eliazars, romelmac wmida eliSas droidan dRemde daamkvidra 

Crdilo-aRmosavleTiT erTi samociqulo taxti~. 110 honTa mTavarma ratom- 

Rac werili gaugzavna somxuri eklesiis mamamTavars da sTxova am episkoposis 

honTa qveyanaSi datoveba. somexma mamamTavarma upasuxa: `...amis ufleba 

mxolod Cvens Tanamosaydre alvaneTis patriarqs, eliazars, aqvs...~ 111 

zemoT moyvanili ambavi momxdara VII sakunis damlevs, anda VIII saukunis 

pirvel wlebSi. ara marto am dros, aramed sxva saukuneebSic, albanTa 

qveynis kaTalikoss patriarqs uwodeben. àlvanTa qveynis istoriis~ erT 

TavSi, romelsac àlvaneTis mamamTavarTa saxelebi, wlebi da maTi moRvaweoba~ 

ewodeba, naTqvamia: `... uwindel patriarqTa saqmeni, [moRvaweobis] 

dro da saxelebi dakargulan...~ 112 Cans, igulisxmeba Zveli droidan vidre 

VI saukunemde. VI saukuneSi moRvawe kaTalikos abass patriarqis tituli 

aqvs. masze naTqvamia: `Semdeg iyo ufali abasi, romelmac somxuri welTaRricxvis 

dasawyisSi sapatriarqo taxti Coridan partavSi gadaitana...~ 113 e.i. 

551 wlisaTvis albanur eklesias gaaCnia `sapatriarqo taxtis~ Rirseba. 

851 wlisaTvis albanTa kaTalikoss hovsefis dros, `misi patriarqobis 

mesame wels Sesrulda samasi weli somxuri welTaRricxvidan~. 114 IX saukunis 

am kaTalikoss patriarqi ewodeba iseve, rogorc X saukunis kaTalikoss, 

gagiks `misi patriarqobis meoTxe wels Sesrulda 400 weli somxuri wel- 

TaRricxvidan~. 114 

VII saukuneSi patriarqis tituli aqvT ara marto albaneTis, aramed 

somexTa kaTalikosebsac. 

mose kalankatueli patriarqs uwodebs VI saukunis somexTa kaTalikoss 

_ moses da VII saukunis somexTa kaTalikoss _ abraams. 

`movses patriarqis gardacvalebis Semdeg... patriarqad dasves WeSmariti 

da rCeuli kaci abraami~. 115 

rogorc zemoT moyvanilidan kargad Cans, qarTuli eklesiis mezobeli 

albaneTisa da somxeTis kaTalikosebi atarebdnen agreTve patriarqis tituls. 

patriarqis wodeba albaneTisa da gansakuTrebiT somxeTis mamamTavrebisaTvis 

bunebrivi iyo da araviTar uxerxulobas ar iwvevda VII saukunisaTvis. 

albaneTis, qarTlisa da somxeTis mamamTavrebi da eklesiebi TiTqmis 

Tanabari uflebisa da Rirsebisa iyvnen. isini erTmaneTs tols ar udebdnen 

maSin, roca saqme eklesiis Rirsebasa da pativs Seexeboda, samive eklesia 

Tavs samociqulo eklesiad Tvlida; samive eklesiis meTaurs kaTalikosi 

ewodeboda, amitomac gasakviri ar aris, rom maT patriarqis titulic hqonodaT, 

amitom VII saukuneSi qarTuli eklesiis meTaurs iseve aqvs patriarqis 

tituli, rogorc misi mezobeli amierkavkasiis eklesiaTa meTaurebs. 

zemoT Cven moyvanili gvqonda erTi Zveli mematianis cnoba imis Sesaxeb, 

rom iustinianes saeklesio reformis Semdeg, VI saukuneSi, rac man mo-


istoria 

463 

ciqulTa nawilebi konstantinopolsa da ierusalimSi gadaitana da amiT 

sapatriarqoTa ricxvi gazarda, yvela qveynis eklesia, sadac mociquli iyo 

aRsrulebuli, Seecada sapatriarqo saydris Rirseba mieRo. aman sapatriarqoTa 

ricxvi gazarda. garda amisa, TviT sityva `mamamTavari~, romelic 

ewodeboda damoukidebel eklesiaTa meTaurebs, Targmania sityvisa `patriarqi~; 

uZveles dros yvela mamamTavars _ eklesiaTa meTaurs, patriarqi 

ewodeboda, mxolod Sua bizantiur epoqaSi mieniWa am sityvas gansakuTrebuli 

fasi _ imperiis interesebidan gamomdinare. 

somxuri da albanuri eklesiebi gansaxilvel VII saukuneSi TavianT Tavs 

`kaTolike samociqulo~ eklesiebs uwodebdnen. somxuri eklesia samociqulo 

iyo, radganac mociqul Tadeozis mier iyo daarsebuli; albanuri eklesia 

samociqulo iyo, radganac misi meTauri damkvidrebulia samociqulo 

taxtze mociqul eliSas Semdeg da kurTxeva uflis Zmis iakobisagan aqvs 

miRebuli. 116 

cxadia, Tu albanur da somxur eklesiebs samociqulo eklesiebi ewodebodaT, 

qarTul eklesiasac samociqulo ewodeboda. marTlac, Cveni eklesiis 

istoriisaTvis gansakuTrebulad saintereso `qarTlis cxovrebis~ Teimuraziseul 

nusxaSi VII saukunis dasawyisis ambavTa Soris mocemulia cnoba, 

romelSic, kerZod, naTqvamia, rom qarTul eklesias ewodeba sveticxovlis 

(anu rac igivea, mcxeTis) wmida kaTolike samociqulo eklesia, sapatriarqo 

eklesia. misi meTauri zis mociqulTa taxtze, mociqulTa magieria da aqvs 

wodeba patriarqisa. qarTul eklesias mcxeTis, anu sveticxovlis sapatriarqo 

ewodeba. 

aRsaniSnavia, rom sxva ucxour eklesiebsac mTavari qalaqebis mixedviT 

aqvT saxeli, magaliTad romis, aleqsandriis, konstantinopolis, ierusalimis, 

moskovis sapatriarqoebi. qarTulsac aseve hqvia _ `wmida kaTolike 

samociqulo eklesia sveti-cxoveli~, anu `mcxeTis~. 117 

qarTuli eklesia samociqulo eklesiaa, misi meTauri mociqulTa taxtze 

zis da mociqulTa magieria _ es ucvlel WeSmaritebad hqonda miCneuli 

qarTvelobas. 

qarTuli eklesia VII saukunis pirvel naxevarSi `qarTlis cxovrebis~ 

Tanaxmad, srulebiT damoukidebeli eklesiaa, romelmac miiRo sapatriarqo 

eklesiad wodebis Rirseba. male VII saukunis meore naxevarSi mowveul 

msoflio saeklesio krebas daudasturebia qarTuli eklesiis sapatriarqo 

Rirseba. amis Sesaxeb `broseseuli~, `baraTaSviliseuli~, `falavandiSviliseuli~ 

nusxebi weren: 

`qristes aqeT... iqna kreba meeqvse, 170 wmidaTa mamaTa konstantinopolis 

Sina meaTsametesa welsa poRonati konstantines mefobasa ... amis krebisa 

mier brZanes esreT wmidisa eklesiisa saqarTvelosaTvis, romel ars wmida 

mcxeTa, raTa iyos swor pativiTa, viTarca wmidani samociqulo kaTolike


jafariZe 

eklesiani, sapatriarqoni. da iyos kaTalikosi qarTlisa swori patriarqTa 

Tana da akurTxevdes, mwysides da ganagebdes simarTliT mTavarepiskoposTa, 

mitropolitTa da episkoposTa da sawmysosa Tvissa qarTlsa, gamoRma-gaRma 

kaxeTsa, Saqsa, Sirvansa da midgmiT-wamosvliT mTisa adgilisaTa, svaneTisa 

da Cerqezis sazRvramdis, sruliad ovseTsa da yovelsa zemo-qarTlsa, 

samcxe-saaTabagosa. misTvis migviTvlia saqarTvelos eklesiani _ pirveliTgan 

antioqiis krebisa mier ganpatiosnebul iyo, da am krebisa mier 

dagvimtkicebia patriarqad, rameTu nu iqnebian mitropoliti, nuca episkoposi 

kaTalikosisa Seundoblad ... odesca enebos Semzadeba da kurTxeva 

mironisa, akurTxos Tvissa eklesiasa....~ 118 

680-681 wlebSi Sesdga VI msoflio kreba, romelic monoTelitTa winaaRmdeg 

iyo mimarTuli. `qarTlis cxovrebis~ Tanaxmad, es kreba Semdgara konstantine 

poRonatis (konstantine IV _ 668-685) mefobis mecamete wels. konstantine 

IV zeobis mecamete weli aris 681 weli, rodesac marTlac Catarda 

VI msoflio kreba. 

es kreba monoTelitTa winaaRmdeg iyo mimarTuli, monoTelitTa eresiarqi 

sxvebTan erTad iyo lazikis (fazisis) mitropoliti kironi, romelic 

qarTveli istorikosebis msjelobiT, igive egrisis arqiepiskoposi, qarTlis 

kaTalikosi kirionia. aqedan gamomdinare, VI msoflio krebas, pirdapir Tu 

arapirdapir, Sexeba hqonia qarTul eklesiasTan, msjeloba hqonia mis erTerT 

_ lazikis qveyanaze, qarTuli eklesiis ierarqze. amitomac, srulebiT 

araa moulodneli, am krebas ganesazRvra qarTul eklesiasTan dakavSirebuli 

sakiTxi. kerZod, ganesazRvra qarTul eklesiasTan msoflio (berZnuli) 

eklesiis mimarTeba, faqtobrivad eRiarebina iuridiulad ukve arsebuli 

qarTuli eklesiis sapatriarqo Rirseba, romelic manamde antioqiis sapatriarqosac 

ucvnia _ `pirveliTgan antioqiis krebisa mier ganpatiosnebul 

iyo~ _ igulisxmeba (630-660-ian wlebSi) antioqiis mier qarTuli eklesiis 

sapatriarqo Rirsebis aRiareba. 

aucileblad yuradReba unda mieqces im faqts, rom VII saukuneSi (ise, 

rogorc mimdinare saukuneebSi) qarTuli eklesiis mimxrobisaTvis, qarTuli 

eklesiis Tavis mxareze gadayvanisaTvis aqtiurad ibrZoda ori msoflio 

qristianuli banaki, romlebic siZlieriT tols ar udebdnen erTmaneTs 

aRmosavleTis regionSi. berZnul-bizantiuri banaki Tavisi didi samxedro 

ZaliT sxvadasxva xerxebiT cdilobda qarTuli eklesia yovelmxriv moewyvita 

aRmosavlur-somxur-albanuri eklesiisagan. qarTuli eklesiis Sinagani 

survili iyo CamoSoreboda aRmosavleTis eklesias, romelSic qarTveloba 

Tavisi erovnuli gadagvarebis safrTxes xedavda da daaxloeboda bizantiis 

eklesias. magram es procesi Zalze rTuli Sinagani winaaRmdegobebiT 

iyo aRsavse, garda amisa, arabi dampyroblebi, mose kalankatuelis Tanaxmad, 

yovelmxriv aZlierebdnen somxur eklesias, raTa igi win aRdgomoda bizan-


istoria 

465 

tiuri eklesiis gavlenas amierkavkasiaSi. mose kalankatueli gadmogvcems 

aseT ambavs _ dampyrobel arabTa umaRles xelisufalTan Civis somxeTis 

kaTalikosi, rom albaneTis eklesia apirebs Tavi daaRwios aRmosavlursomxur 

eklesias da SeuerTdes bizantiur-berZnul eklesias. kaTalikosi 

wers arab xelisufals _ `Cven da alvanebic erT rwmenas vemsaxurebiT _ 

qristes RvTaebriobas, xolo alvaneTis axlandeli kaTalikosi, romelic 

partavSi zis, SeuTanxmda berZenTa keisars, ixseniebs mas locvebSi da 

qveyanas aiZulebs mis rwmenas daeTanxmos. icodeT Tqven es da gulgrilad 

nu SexedavT _ ubrZaneT, dasajon isini Tanaxmad TavianTi moqmedebisa...~ 119 

albanuri eklesiis ltolva berZnuli eklesiisaken arabTa mier Sefasebul 

iqna rogorc arabTa xelisuflebisagan gandgoma. amitomac, alvanelTa 

dasasjelad gaigzavna arabTa didi jari. am jaris meTaurs davalebuli 

hqonda albanelebi moeqcia somxur rjulze. arabi xelisufali wers somex 

kaTalikoss: _ `... gavgzavne iq Cemi sarwmuno msaxuri didi jariT da 

vubrZane: Cveni xelisuflebisagan ganmdgari alvanelebi Tqveni rjulis 

mixedviT simarTleze moaqcion~. 120 arabTa didi jariT albaneTSi Cavida 

somexTa kaTalikosi, somxuri sjulisagan ganmdgari albanelTa kaTalikosi 

daapatimra da erT qalTan jaWvebiT `fexiT-fexze~ gadaabmevina. berZnuli 

orientaciis momxre albanTa kaTalikosma es tanjva ver aitana da rva 

dRis Semdeg gardaicvala. xolo somexTa kaTalikosis win Seikriba albane- 

Tis umaRlesi samRvdeloeba, romelTac dasdes mtkice fici, rom arasodes 

somxur sarwmunoebas ar gadauxvevdnen da maradis ierarqiul daqvemdebarebaSi 

iqnebodnen somxur eklesiasTan. 121 es momxdara somxuri welTaRricxvis 

148, anu 699 wels. 

rogorc zemoT moyvanilidan Cans, VII saukunis bolos, roca VI msoflio 

kreba Catarda, amierkavkasiaSi Zalze rTuli saeklesio viTareba iyo. bizantiuri 

orientaciis momxre eklesiebs arabebi sastikad sjidnen, arsebobda 

realuri safrTxe imisa, rom qarTuli eklesiac CamoeSorebinaT 

bizantiis saeklesio gavlenisagan, amgvar situaciaSi sruliad bunebrivi 

iqneboda msoflio krebas daekmayofilebina qarTuli eklesiis miswrafeba 

sruli damoukideblobisaken, aRiareba imisa, rom qarTuli eklesia arc 

erTi sxva romelime eklesiis ierarqiul damokidebulebaSi ar imyofeba, 

aravis ar eqvemdebareba, aramed TviTve aris samociqulo, Tanaswori sxva 

samociqulo eklesiebisa, sapatriarqo Rirsebis mqone, rom saqarTvelos 

eklesiis kaTalikosi (anu sayovelTao mTavarepiskoposi) msoflios sxva 

eklesiebis patriarqTa Tanasworia da TviTve aris patriarqi. unda SevniSnoT, 

rom albaneTis eklesias Tavisi damoukideblobis aseTi garantiuli 

dokumenti rom hqonoda VII saukuneSi, somxeTis kaTalikosi, albaT, naklebad 

gabedavda albaneTis kaTalikosis dasjas da misi eklesiis kidev 

ufro daqvemdebarebas, rogorc sarwmunoebrivi, ise ierarqiuli TvalsazrisiT.


jafariZe 

VII saukuneSi qarTuli eklesiis orive mezobeli qveynis _ somxeTisa da 

albaneTis kaTalikosebs patriarqebs uwodebdnen, rogorc zemoT vwerdiT, 

orive eklesia samociqulod iyo miCneuli, orive eklesias (somxeTisa da 

albaneTisa) gaaCnda zeTis _ mironis _ adgilze kurTxevis saukunovani 

praqtika. amitomac, igive uflebebi da igive praqtika gaaCnda qarTul 

eklesiasac, anu qarTuli eklesia iseve iyo samociqulo-sapatriarqo eklesia, 

rogorc somxeTisa da albaneTis eklesiebi da adgilzeve, qarTlSi, 

akurTxebda mirons, rac VI msoflio krebam aRiara da daamtkica. 

VII saukunis ideologiiT, sapatriarqo eklesias unda hqonoda samRvdeloebis 

cxra xarisxi: _ `berZnebma... Tqves, RmerTma daawesa cxra xarisxi 

eklesiaSi, rogorc zeviT zecaSi, aseve aqac dedamiwaze da saydris Signi- 

To: patriarqi, romelic igive mamamTavaria, arqiepiskoposi, romelsac episkoposTa 

Tavs uwodeben, mitropolitebi, episkoposebi, mRvdlebi, arqidiakvnebi, 

diakvnebi, wignis mkiTxvelebi, mefsalmuneni...~ 122 uTuod am ideologiis gavlena 

aqvs `qarTlis cxovrebis~ CanarTs qarTuli sapatriarqos daarsebis 

Sesaxeb, romelSic CamoTvlilia patriarqis xelqveiT myof ierarqTa igive 

xarisxebi, romelic kalankatuels aqvs gadmocemuli. aq naTqvamia _ ìyos 

kaTalikosi qarTlisa swori patriarqTa Tana da akurTxevdes, mwysides da 

ganagebdes simarTliT mTavarepiskoposTa, mitropolitTa da episkoposTa..~, kalankatuelisa 

da `qarTlis cxovrebis~ monacemebis erTgvarovneba VII saukunis 

saeklesio ierarqiis Sesaxeb ar aris ubralo damTxveva, rogorc erTi SexedviT 

Cans, aramed asaxavs im dros eklesiaSi arsebul Tvalsazriss. 

kalankatueli aRwers, rom berZnuli eklesia ekamaTeboda somxur eklesias 

ierarqiuli daqvemdebarebis Sesaxeb. berZnebi amtkicebdnen, rom msoflioSi 

arsebobs mxolod oTxi sapatriarqo _ aleqsandriis, antioqiis, 

romisa da efesosi. somxuri eklesia im dros arc erTs ar eqvemdebareboda. 

berZnebi mouwodebdnen somxebs, damorCilebodnen romelime patriarqs, 

ise, rogorc pirveli mTavarepiskoposi somxeTisa grigoli emorCleboda. 

`...gviCveneT patriarqi, romelsac emorCileba Tqveni arqiepiskoposi, is, romelic 

dRemde Cvens xelqveiT iyo, xolo Tu Tqven patriarqi da sxva samRvdeloni 

ara gyavT eklesiebSi, maSin arioziviT gzasacdenili mwvaleblebi yofilxarT... 

amaze somxebma veraferi upasuxes, radganac maTi eklesia marTlacda 

amgvar viTarebaSi imyofeboda~. 123 es iyo daaxloebiT VI saukunis Sua wleb- 

Si. male TviT somxeTSive Seiqmna sapatriarqo eklesia. amis ufleba somxur 

eklesias misca iman, rom iustinianem TviTneburad gazarda sapatriarqoTa 

ricxvi. Seiqmna axali sapatriarqoebi: aman ki stimuli misca kidev 

axali sapatriarqoebis Seqmnas _ `maSin daiZrnen erTianad gulzviadni da 

sadac ki aRsrulebulni iyvnen mociqulni, yvela taxti sapatriarqod aRiares~. 

124 es xdeba VI saukunis bolodan. 

somxuri eklesia am dros Tavis Tavs acxadebs sapatriarqo eklesiad. 

magram sapatriarqo eklesiis ierarqia cxra xarisxiani unda yofiliyo.


istoria 

467 

patriarqs Tavis xelqveiT unda hyoloda arqiepiskoposi da mitropoliti. 

aseTi xarisxebi ki imdroindel somxur eklesiaSi ar iyo. Tu rogor 

moiqcnen am saqmis gadasawyvetad, movses kalankatuaci wers: `rac Seexeba 

cxra xarisxs, eklesiaTa mesveurebma TviTneburad, somexTa ampartavani xasiaTis 

gamo, patriarqad abraami daadgines, arqiepiskoposad _ alvaneli, 

xolo mitropolitad _ qarTveli. ganawyenda qarTveli, romelsac kirioni 

erqva da ganxeTqilebisaTvis mizezs eZebda~. 125 

somxeTis sapatriarqo misi Semqmnelebis surviliT moicavda mTel amierkavkasias, 

masSi Sedioda saqarTvelo, somxeTi da albaneTi. patriarqi 

iyo somxeTis kaTalikosi, mTavarepiskoposi _ albaneTis kaTalikosi, mitropoliti 

ki qarTlis kaTalikosi. qarTlis kaTalikosi albaneTis kaTalikosze 

ufro dabal xarisxze iqna dayenebuli. aseTi sapatriarqo mxolod 

Teoriulad arsebobda. es kargad miuTiTebs, Tu ratom iyo aucilebeli 

qarTuli eklesia sapatriarqo eklesiad aRiarebuliyo VII saukuneSi, winaaRmdeg 

SemTxvevaSi, qarTuli eklesia romelime ucxour sapatriarqos unda daqvemdebareboda. 

arsebobda ori gza. imdroindeli SexedulebiT, adgilobrivi 

eklesia an TviTve unda yofiliyo sapatriarqo eklesia, anda romelime sxva 

sapatriarqos unda daqvemdebareboda. Tu sapatriarqo eklesia iyo, mas patriarqis 

garda, arqiepiskoposi da mitropolitic unda hyoloda. `qarTlis 

cxovrebis~ Tanaxmad, VII saukuneSi daarsebul saqarTvelos sapatriarqos 

hyavda ara marto patriarqi, aramed mTavarepiskoposni da mitropolitni. im 

dros dawesda, rom qarTlis kaTalikosi patriarqTa Tanasworia da is ganagebs 

`mTavarepiskoposTa, mitropolitTa da episkoposTa...~ 126 

unda davaskvnaT, rom saqarTvelos sapatriarqo daarsda ara XI saukune- 

Si, rogorc dRevandel mecnierebaSia miRebuli, aramed VII saukuneSi. tradiciuli 

qarTuli saeklesio istoriografia dabejiTebiT miuTiTebs saqarTvelos 

sapatriarqos VII saukuneSi daarsebis Sesaxeb. saukuneTa manZilze 

miRebuli es Tvalsazrisi kidev ufro mtkicdeba axali masalebiT, kerZod, 

rogorc aRniSnuli iyo, amaze miuTiTebs VIII saukunis berZnuli warwera. 

msoflio eklesiis mier VII saukuneSi aRiarebul iqna, rom saqarTvelos 

(anu mcxeTis) eklesia aris sxva kaTolike samociqulo eklesiebis Tanaswori 

samociqulo eklesia, is aris sapatriarqo, misi meTauri ki patriarqia. 

rogorc `qarTlis cxovrebis~ zemoT moyvanili amonawerebidan Cans, VII 

saukuneSi saqarTvelosa da somxeTis axalformirebuli sapatriarqoebi 

aqtiurad ibrZvian albaneTis eklesiis teritoriis TavianT sazRvrebSi 

moqcevisaTvis. es bunebrivad mogveCveneba, Tu gaviTvaliswinebT, rom albane- 

Tis eklesia am droidan denacionalizacias ganicdida, rasac Sedegad 

albaneli xalxis sxva xalxebSi gaTqvefa da gaqroba mohyva. albaneTis 

eklesiis magaliTi kargad gviCvenebs qarTuli eklesiis mier damoukideblobisaTvis 

brZolis droulobas.


jafariZe 

VII saukuneSi formirebuli saqarTvelos sapatriarqo arsebobda VIII saukunis 

Sua wlebamde. am dros erTiani qarTuli nominaluri `qarTlis samefos~ 

daSlas Sedegad mohyva qarTuli sapatriarqos daSla, ramac im saukuneSive 

ori _ àfxazeTisa~ da `qarTlis~ sakaTalikosoebis warmoSoba gamoiwvia. 

movses kalankatuacis mier aRwerili 

VII saukunis ambebi 

movses kalankatuacis àlvanTa qveynis istoria~ (Zveli somxuridan Targmnili 

l. davlianiZe-tatiSvilis mier) gamoica 1985 wels. gadmovcemT am wignis VII saukunis 

zogierT ambavs, dakavSirebuls qarTuli eklesiis istoriasTan. 

Tavi Tavi XI. XI. herakle herakle xazarebs xazarebs ixmobs ixmobs sparseTze sparseTze salaSqrod 

salaSqrod 

herakles brZanebiT xazarebis Zlieri urdo daiZra amierkavkasiisaken. 

sparsTa mefe maT daemuqra, amitom im weliwads dacxrnen da ukan dabrundnen. 

Semdeg wels jebu xaqanma Sekriba Tavisi xelqveiTi yvela tomi da 

xalxi da Tavis SvilTan erTad albaneTSi Sevida uTvalavi jariT. albane- 

Tis mTavari da mosaxleoba partavis cixeSi Caiketa. sparsTa mier albane- 

Tis Crdilo sazRvarze kavkasiis mTidan zRvamde gavlebuli iyo didi 

kedeli, romlis aSenebis xarjebmac albaneTi daauZlura. xazarTa jarma es 

kedeli daamxo. albanelebi SeaSina boroti, utifari, farTosaxiani, uwamwamo, 

qaliviT TmagaSlili brbos saSinelma risxvam, romelmac Seubraleblad 

daxoca xalxi qalaqis quCebSi. ar indobdnen axalgazrdebsa da moxucebs, 

ar ebralebodaT bavSvebi, romelnic daxocili dedis mkerdidan rZis nacvlad 

sisxls wovdnen. didi qalaqi partavi ubrZolvelad aiRes, ltolvili 

mosaxleoba amowyvites. qveyana mxecebis namoqmedars daemsgavsa. 

berZenTa berZenTa da da xazarTa xazarTa laSqari laSqari `qarTvelTa qarTvelTa qveynis qveynis winaaRmdeg winaaRmdeg~ winaaRmdeg 

`yovelive amis Semdeg, daiZra azvirTebuli niaRvari da aboboqrebuli 

mdinare qarTvelTa qveynis winaaRmdeg, garemoicves nebieri, savaWro da 

saxelovani didi qalaqi tfilisi~ (gv.70) rodesac herakle keisarma Seityo, 

rom xazarTa (Crdilokavkasiel tomTa) jarma alya Semoartya Tbiliss, 

swrafad wavida Tavisi jariT... Sexvda xazarTa meTaurs. `mefuri 

saCuqrebisa da saboZvrebis mirTmevasTan erTad, metad gaixares erTmaneTis 

xilviT~. Tbilisis cixesimagreSi Caketili mosaxleoba cud dReSi Cavarda. 

sparseTis mefe xosrom, roca Seityo berZenTa da xazarTa mefeebis TbilisTan 

Sexvedris ambavi, Tbilisis garemocvis dawyebamde qalaqis dasacavad da 

dasaxmareblad saswrafod gagzavna marjve da mamaci mxedarmTavari, 1000mde 

rCeuli mxedriTa da mxleblebiT.


istoria 

berZnebi berZnebi da da xazarebi xazarebi Tbiliss Tbiliss ver ver iReben 

iReben 

469 

Tbiliselebma, roca ixiles sparsTa maSveli Zala Zlieri da gamocdili 

meomrebiT, metad gamxnevdnen da orive mefis dacinva daiwyes. Tumca, xedavdnen, 

CrdiloeTis (xazarTa) da dasavleTis (berZenTa) jarebis did simravles. 

isini mTebiviT Semortymodnen qalaqs garSemo. hqondaT bizantiel 

ostatTa mier gakeTebuli oTxTvliani manqanebi da nair-nairi saSualebebi, 

romlebic zustad isrodnen da uzarmazari qvebiT kedels angrevdnen, sxva 

saSualebiT mdinare mtkvars ukan, qalaqis kedlisaken abrunebdnen. 

Tbiliselebs ar SeSinebiaT, mamacurad ibrZodnen, erTmaneTs amxnevebdnen, 

dangreuls iqve aSenebdnen da amitomac mterma Tbilisi ver aiRo. 

berZenTa da xazarTa mefis jarebi dasustdnen, daZabundnen Tbilisis kar- 

Tan da gadaiqcnen. maTi qveiTi laSqris nawili omSi daeca. erekle keisarma 

bWoba gamarTa xazarTa mefesTan. maT Tqves: `risTvis davRupoT Cveni jarebi 

Tbilisis karTan. umjobesia sparsTa mefes SevebrZoloT~. erekle keisarma 

uTxra xazarTa mefes: ùmjobesia am weliwads Sens qveyanaSi dabrunde, radganac 

Seni jarebi daqanculia. axla zafxulis sicxeSi veRar SevZlebT 

sparseTis dedaqalaqSi Sesvlas. momaval wels ki SemodgomiT saswrafod 

gamoeSure aqeT, raTa Cveni survili SevisruloT. me ki ar davcxrebi, Severkinebi 

sparseTis mefes, Sevaviwroveb mis qveSevrdomebs~. 

ukandaxeul ukandaxeul berZen-xazarTa berZen-xazarTa mefeebs mefeebs Tbiliselebi Tbiliselebi dascinian 

dascinian 

rodesac mtris ukandaxeva gaiges, Tbiliselebi gaamaydnen da gaiTamaSes 

oini _ moitanes erTi uzarmazari gogra, zed daaxates honTa (xazarTa) 

mefis saxe, Tval-wamwamis adgilas daxazes motexili toti, romlis SemCneva 

arc ki SeiZleboda, wverebis adgili utifrad moaSiSvles, cxviris nestoebi 

mtkavelis siganeze gamosaxes, xolo ulvaSebad meCxeri Tmebi (mongoloiduri 

saxe gamoxates). es gogra dadges kedelze, uyvirodnen mibrunebul 

xazarebis jars _ ài Tqveni mefe, ukan dabrundiT, Tayvani eciT mas, es jebu 

xaqaniao~. aiRes Subebi da xvretdnen gogras. 

uaresad dascinodnen da abuCad igdebdnen herakle keisars. Seuracxmyofeli 

bilwi sityvebiT aginebdnen mas. 

bizantielTa bizantielTa da da xazarTa xazarTa mefeebma mefeebma fici fici dasdes, dasdes, rom rom arc arc erT 

erT 

suliers suliers ar ar datovebdnen datovebdnen qarTvelTa qarTvelTa samefoSi 

samefoSi 

dacinvis `... mnaxveli da gamgone mefeebi mZvinvarebdnen, ifxorebodnen, 

gulSi siZulvils igrovebdnen, Tavebs aqnevdnen, udidesi wyevliT ificebodnen, 

rom arc erT suliers ar datovebdnen maT samefoSi, vidre Surs ar 

iZiebdnen am SeuracxyofisaTvis, romelic maTgan miiRes. Semdeg ki piri 

ibrunes da imave muqariT wavidnen~. (gv.72)


jafariZe 

Tavi Tavi XII. XII. herakle herakle eZebs eZebs saSualebebs saSualebebs TbilisTan TbilisTan miyenebuli 

miyenebuli 

Seuracxyofis Seuracxyofis autaneli autaneli senisgan senisgan gansakurneblad 

gansakurneblad 

TbilisTan miyenebuli Seuracxyofis Semdeg `... keisari Tavis gonebaSi 

saSualebebs eZebda, Tu rogor gankurnebuliyo Seuracxyofis autaneli 

senisagan~ (gv.72) am xnis ganmavlobaSi daibruna sparsTa mier dapyrobili 

bizantiuri miwebi. is eZebda gzebs, rom Crdilo kavkasiidan `... wamoeyvana 

barbarosTa sxvadasxva tomebi da maTi saSualebiT gaeZevebina sparseTis 

amayi mefe xosrovi~ (gv. 72). gagzavna CrdiloeTiT honebTan erTi Tavisi 

didebulTagani, romelic honebs (xazarebs) hpirdeboda uricxv da uTvalav 

ganZeulobas Tu daexmarebodnen. 

CrdiloeTis mefis nacvali jebu xakani daTanxmda keisars. xakanma keisars 

Tavisi Tanxmoba gaugzavna 1000-mde mxedris xeliT, romelnic iyvnen 

rCulni simamaciT da Zlierni mSvildosnobiT. maT advilad aiRes Coris 

kari, arwivebiviT gafrindnen mtkvrisaken _ àravis indobdnen, vinc maT 

winaaRmdeg gamovidoda. gezi aiRes qarTvelTa da egerTa qveynebisaken~ (gv. 

72). gadalaxes Savi zRva da warudgnen herakle keisars. am mxedrebma mas 

gadasces xakanis Tanxmoba sparselebTan omSi monawileobaze. 

CrdiloeTis mefem Sepirebis Tanaxmad gagzavna jari SaTis meTaurobiT 

herakles dasaxmareblad. es jari sparseTis mxareebs ekveTa. xosro gaiqca 

da Tavis namdvil dedaqalaqSi, did tibzanSi Cavida. sparsi mxedarTmTavrisaTvis 

ukve cnobili iyo, rom xosrovis mier naCqarevad Sekrebili 

susti jari keisris winaSe damarcxdeboda. is afrTxilebda Tavis mefes, 

rom moispoboda sparselTa jari am uTanasworo omSi. sparsTa jari damarcxda. 

rodesac sparseTis didebulebma dainaxes is didi marcxi, rac 

maTma laSqarma ganicada, daiwyes fiqri amboxebisaTvis. xosrovis Svili 

kavati aujanyda Tavis mamas, Camoagdo taxtidan da gamefda. 

Tavi Tavi XIV. XIV. Tbilisis Tbilisis aReba aReba da da dasja dasja dacinvisaTvis 

dacinvisaTvis 

axalgamefebuli kavatisgan yvelam moipova Tavisi danaSaulis miteveba. 

gaaTavisufles patimrebi, maT Soris alvaneTis kaTalikosi viro. 

amierkavkasiaSi SemoWrili CrdiloeTis jarebi gamanadgurebeli ZaliT 

ekveTnen sparselebs. es jarebi pirvel rigSi ekveTnen qarTvelTa qveyanas 

_ qalaq Tbiliss. axla maT saSualeba miecaT, gaefantaT winandeli Seuracxyofis 

gamo dagrovili SurisZieba. Tbiliss alya Semoartyes, daiwyo 

brZola. Tbiliselebi ori Tvis manZilze mxned icavdnen Tavs, Semdeg ki 

dasustdnen. ukanaskneli Tavdauzogavi brZolis Semdeg Tbiliselebma ukan 

daixies galavnisaken. mebrZolebi imalebodnen saxlebis saxuravebze, wyalsaden 

milebSi, eklesiebSi. maTi godeba emsgavseboda cxvris didi faris 

bRavils kravebisadmi, anda dedis mwuxare kvnesas Tavisi yrmis mimarT (gv.


istoria 

471 

77). mTeli mosaxleoba amowyvites. Semdeg gamoiyvanes ori mTavari, erTi 

sparseli mmarTveli am mxarisa, da meore ki qarTveli, qveynis adgilobrivi 

mcxovrebi. CrdiloelTa mefem maT daTxara Tvalebi, imis samagierod, rom 

Seuracxyofis mizniT misi saxe suraTze brma daxates. Semdeg ki daaxrCo 

isini, tyavi gaaZro da TiviT gatenili fitulebi galavans zemoT Camohkida. 

jariskacebma naZarcvi qalaqis qoneba zvinebad daawyves mbrZaneblis winaSe 

_ `mis win imdenad xSrad mohqondaT, rom damqancveli gaxda uTvalavi 

oqrosa da vercxlis talantebis yureba, xolo vis SeuZlia zedmiwevniT 

aRweros margalitebiT mooWvili saeklesio WurWeli~ (gv. 77). 

alvaneTis kaTalikosi viro gaemarTa mterTan mosalaparakeblad. alvanelebma 

ixiles Rreoba mtris uTvalavi jariskacisa. maT òqroTi movarayebuli 

vercxlis Wiqebi da sasmisebi wamoRebuli hqondaT tfilisis 

aoxrebisas~ (gv. 81). 

Tavi Tavi XIX. XIX. qarTvelebi qarTvelebi exmarebian exmarebian alvanelebs 

alvanelebs 

alvanelTa mTavar juanSers ebrZvian sparselebi, romelTac daatyveves 

misi mama da Zmebi. juanSeri Tavisi jariT _ `swrafad gavida Tavisi 

samSoblos sazRvrebidan da gadavida mtkvris iqiTa mxares kapiWanis gavarSi~ 

(gv. 91). (`kapiWani anu kambeCani alvaneTSi ki ar mdebareobs, aramed 

mis gareT, alvaneTis mTavari `kapiWanSi~ Sedis `Tavis samSoblo sazRvrebidan~ 

gasvlis Semdeg). 

qarTvelTa sazRvrebTan juanSers Sexvda qarTvelTa mTavari adarnase _ 

`... qarTvelTa sazRvrebTan iq qveynis didad pativcemuli iSxani atrnerse, 

romelsac hromaelTa samefosagan sammagi pativi hqonda miRebuli, movida 

masTan da TviTon uxvevda Wrilobebs, radganac uxaroda misi didi guladobiT 

mopovebuli gamarjveba. im dros maT mSvidobis urRvevi kavSiri 

Sekres erTmaneTTan. juanSerma Tan waiyvana saSvelad qarTvelTa jari...~ 

(gv. 92), qarTvelTa jaris daxmarebiT mravalgzis daamarcxa sparselebi, 

rac dainaxes `... somexTa da qarTvelTa qveynebis naxararebma...~ (gv. 92). 

Tavi Tavi X XXLII. 

X II. honTa honTa qveyanaSi qveyanaSi `sapatriarqo sapatriarqo taxtis taxtis~ taxtis 

daarsebis daarsebis survili 

survili 

honTa didi mTavari eTaTbireba Tavis mTavrebs imis Sesaxeb, rom israelma 

episkoposma honTa qveyanaSi daawesos `sapatriarqo taxti~ (gv. 121). 

honebi sTxoven albanel episkoposs, darCes maT qveyanaSi. episkoposi pasuxobs 

_ `me ar SemiZlia dageTanxmoT alvaneTis didi patriarqis wmida 

eliazaris gareSe, radganac mxolos mas aqvs amis ufleba... saWiroa Tqveni 

gonivruli azri werilobiT gaacnoT mTel alvaneTis qveyanas da patriarq 

eliazars, romelmac wmida eliSas droidan dRemde daamkvidra Crdilo-


jafariZe 

aRmosavleTiT erTi samociqulo taxti RvTis samyofel qalaq ierusalimidan 

da kurTxeva miiRo uflis Zmis wmida iakobisagan~ (gv. 123). 

Tavi Tavi X XXLIV. 

X IV. honTa mTavari imave saqmeze werils ugzavnis somexTa mamamTavars, 

somexTa mTavarsa da zorapets. is maT sTxovs albaneli episkoposi israeli 

gagzavnon honebis sulier mwyemsad. 

Tavi Tavi X XXLV. 

X V. somexTa kaTaliskosi da mTavari pasuxoben _ ìsraeli ekuTvnis 

ara Cvens samwysos, aramed _ alvaneTisas, Tumca Cveni survilia, rom is 

samudamod TqvenTan iyos, magram amis ufleba mxolod Cvens Tanamosaydre 

alvaneTis patriarqs eliazars aqvs. es misi saqmea~ (gv. 125). 

Tavi Tavi X XXLVI. 

X VI. somxeTis somxeTis sapatriarqo sapatriarqo taxtis 

taxtis 

gayofa gayofa VI VI saukunis saukunis bolos 

bolos 

`somxeTis sapatriarqo taxtis gayofis dros (igulisxmeba VI s-is bolo) 

didi brZola moxda movsessa da karinis episkoposs Teodoss Soris... 

marTlmadideblebi lanZavdnen berZenTa yovelgvar wess. movsesma (igulisxmeba 

somxeTis kaTalikosi mose elivardeli (590-607) Sekriba Tavisi mxareebis 

vardapetebi da ubrZana amieridan urTierToba gaewyvitaT berZnebTan, 

romlebic qalkedonis krebas emorCilebodnen, arc wignebi, arc xatebi, arc 

nawilebi ar mieRoT maTgan. maSin Teodosma brZana Sekrebiliyvnen mis 

xelisuflebaSi arsebuli mxaris somexi episkoposebi qalaq karinSi da 

uTxra: saWiroa kaTalikosi avirCioT, moiyvanes vinme ioane sivnieli (igulisxmeba 

ioane gogoviteli), akurTxes da qalkedonur sarwmunoebas daemor- 

Cilnen~ (gv. 126). 

`movses patriarqis gardacvalebis Semdeg da somxeTSi xosrovis gamefebisas 

qveyana gaerTianda. patriarqad dasves WeSmariti da rCeuli kaci 

abraami (igulsxmeba abraam albaTaneli, 607-615), romelmac jer wyevlakrulviT 

aRmofxvra qalkedonis kreba, xolo Semdeg ekurTxa. xatmebrZolebi 

ki wamovidnen alvaneTSi da aRaSfoTes Tqveni qveyana, maSin gadmanis 

mTavarma Sei pyro is sami kaci, romelTa saxelebi zemoT vaxseneT da 

borkildadebuli somxeTSi miiyvana~... (gv. 127). (albaneTSi Sepyrobil xatmebrZolebs 

dasasjelad somxeTs ugzavnian). 

Tavi Tavi X XXLVII. 

X VII. qarTvelTa qarTvelTa da da somexTa somexTa `ganyofa ganyofa ganyofa~ ganyofa 

`...hromaelTa keTilmsaxuri mefeebis zenonisa da anstasis brZanebiT 

erTsulovnad SeaCvenes qalkedonis kreba da leonis tomari. 47 wlis 

Semdeg (z. aleqsiZis TargmaniT, 87 wlis Semdeg), somexTa kaTalikosis _ 

abraamis dros qarTvelebi somxebs gamoeyvnen kirionis mier. maTTanve iyvnen


istoria 

473 

berZnebi da italielebi. alvanelebs ki ar uaruyviaT marTlmadidebloba, magram 

somxebTan erToba SeinarCunes. abraamma yvelas gaugzavna kirionis gandgomilobis 

cirkularuli sigeli da ganaZeva is sulieri xmliT...~ (gv. 128). 

Tavi Tavi X XXLVIII. 

X VIII. cxra cxra saeklesio saeklesio xarisxis xarisxis Sesaxeb 

Sesaxeb 

`berZnebma xom Tqves, RmerTma daawesa cxra xarisxi eklesiaSi, rogorc 

zeviT zecaSio, aseve unda iyos aqac, dedamiwaze da saydarSi. patriarqi, 

romelic igive mamamTavaria, arqiepiskoposi, romelsac episkoposTa Tavs 

uwodeben, mitropolitebi, episkoposebi, mRvdlebi, arqidiakvnebi, diakvnebi, 

wignis mkiTxvelebi, mefsalmuneni, _ yvela amaT SeerTebulad SeuZliaT 

xeli daasxan mamamTavars, xolo mamamTavars SeuZlia _ yvelas. Tu gulwrfelad 

gwamT (mimarTaven berZnebi somxebs), aRiareT vin aris Tqveni patriarqi? 

isini mxolod oTxni iyvnen qveyanaze: aleqsandriisa _ markozis 

saydari, antioqiisa _ maTesi, romisa _ lukasi, efesosi _ ioanesi. _ qveynis 

oTxi kuTxis mixedviT, edemis oTxnakadiani mdinaris mixedviT, oTxi maxareblis 

mixedviT, moses oTxi kanonis mixedviT...~ Cven yovelive amas vemor- 

CilebiT. daemorCileT Tqvenc erT amaTgans, anda yvelas erTad, raTa erTi 

sarwmunoeba gvqondes. Tqvenma wmida grigorma mTavarepiskoposad xeldasxma 

kesariaSi miiRo da mas Semdeg aseve xdeba dRemde. Tu Tqven misgan 

gansxvavebuli sxva eklesiis marTlmadideblebi xarT, maSin gviCveneT patriarqi, 

romelsac emorCileba Tqveni arqiepiskoposi, is, romelic dRemde 

Cvens xelqveiT iyo. xolo Tu Tqven patriarqi da sxva samRvdeloni ara 

gyavT eklesiaSi, maSin arioziviT gzasacdenili mwvaleblebi yofilxarT... 

amaze somxebma veraferi upasuxes, radganac maTi eklesia marTlacda amgvar 

viTarebaSi imyofeboda. iustinianem Tavis gamefebisTanave wmida ioane 

maxareblis nawilebi konstantinopolSi gadaitana da iq samamamTavro taxti 

daawesa, ZiriTadi taxti ki efesoSi darCa. agreTve maTes nawilebi 

antioqiidan ierusalimSi iqna gadatanili. Tan ambobda: ès qalaqi didi 

mefis qalaqiao~, ZiriTadi taxti ki isev antioqiaSi datova. maSin daiZrnen 

erTianad gulzviadni da sadac ki aRsrulebulni iyvnen mociqulni, yvela 

taxti sapatriarqod aRiares... rac Seexeba cxra xarisxs somxeTSi, eklesiaTa 

mesveurebma TviTneburad somexTa ampartavani xasiaTis gamo patriarqad 

abraami daadgines, arqiepiskoposad _ albaneli, xolo mitropolitad 

_ qarTveli. ganawyenda qarTveli, romelsac kirioni erqva da ganxeTqilebisaTvis 

mizezs eZebda. maSin wminda mRvdelmTavarma abraamma Tqva: 

àlvanelebma qarTvelebze adre miiRes qristianoba da amitomac ufro 

Seefereba mTavarepiskoposobao~. am marTlmadidebluri rwmenis ZiebaSi kama- 

Tis dros qarTvelebma datoves marTlmadidebloba da qalkedonitebi gaxdnen. 

berZeni mxedarTmTavrebi aqezebdnen somxebs, moeTxovaT sasuliero pirveloba 

alvanelebze, rasac alvanelebi ar emorCilebodnen, isini uTiTebdnen


jafariZe 

erT pirvandel mociqulze, romelic alvaneTSi movida. mas eliSa erqva, 

uflis mowafeTagani iyo da xeldasxmuli uflis Zmis _ iakobisagan. eliSas 

iq uqadagia da aRuSenebia eklesia somxebze ufro adre. es aris aRmosavleTSi 

pirveli deda-eklesiao. am gisis eklesias erwmunen alvanelebi da 

somxebisagan gaiTiSnen, raTa ar darCeniliyvnen sxvisi xelisuflebis qveS 

(aseve aqvs arseni safarelsac _ herTa kaTalikosi abazi (552-596) kirion- 

Tan erTad ganSorebia somxur eklesias). maSin somxebma, ampartavnebis gamo 

berZenTa, romelnic cdilobdnen daemcirebinaT Tadeoz mociqulis gansasvenebeli 

da ambobdnen, ara gyavT mTavarepiskoposi da mitropolitio, gadawyvites 

savardapetos episkoposi mitropolitad eqciaT. misces mas jvari 

da pativi...~ (gv. 131). 

wigni wigni III 

III 

Tavi Tavi III. III. albanelTa albanelTa qalkedoniti qalkedoniti kaTalikosis kaTalikosis Sesaxeb 

Sesaxeb 

albaneTis sakaTalikoso taxtze adis nersesi, romelic qalkedonitia, 

magram malavs. eriskacobisas bakuri erqva, Semdeg gardmanis episkoposi 

iyo. mas mxars uWers albaneTis dedofali, qalkedoniti sparami, varaz 

Trdatis meuRle. roca Sesaferisi dro dadga, nersesma gaamJRavna Tavisi 

qalkedonitoba, mas dedofali aqezebda. sxva qalkedonit mTavarTa daxmarebiT 

man mravali eklesia qalkedoniturad aqcia, gandevna zogi monofiziti 

episkoposi, maT Soris xazarTa momaqceveli israeli, sxvebi ki TviTonve 

ganSordnen. monofizitebs emxroboda alvaneTis didi mTavari Sero. amaT 

moiwvies kreba da SeaCvenes nersesi sxva qalkedonitebTan erTad. krebam 

werili miswera somxeTis kaTalikoss _ elias. 

Tavi Tavi IV. IV. albanel albanel monofizitTa monofizitTa werili werili somexTa somexTa kaTalikoss 

kaTalikoss 

albanel monofizitTa kreba Tayvaniscemas ucxadebs somexTa kaTalikoss 

da swers: `Cvens mamebs Tqvens mamebTan erTad saerTo marTali rwmena 

hqondaT _ imZlavra qalkedonurma rwmenam da aavso qveyana... nersesi 

mglad iqca da daiwyo qristes gonieri samwysos gadabireba. amis gamo 

moviwadineT Segvetyobinebina es... raTa moxvideT CvenTan, rogorc Tqvens 

nawilTan da gankurnoT Cveni Wrilobebi...~ (gv. 138). 

(albanel monofizitebs miaCniaT, rom albanuri eklesia somxuri eklesiis 

nawilia, rom albanelTa da somexTa `mamebs~ saerTo rwmena hqoniaT. 

mouwodeben somexTa kaTalikoss, raTa is mivides albaneTSi, rogorc `mis 

nawilSi~ da imoqmedos. es xdeba VII saukunis miwuruls, am saukunis dasawyisSi 

ki srulebiT identuri ambavi xdeba qvemo qarTlSi _ gugarqSi. èpistole- 

Ta wignis~ Tanaxmad gugarqeli, anu qarTveli monofizitebi TavianT eklesias 

miiCnevdnen somxuri eklesiis nawilad da mouwodebdnen somxeTis


istoria 

475 

sakaTalikosos èmoqmeda~ gugarqelTa dasaxmareblad. (gugarqel qarTvel- 

Ta, iseve rogorc albanelTa, saeklesio ena somxuri iyo). 

Tavi Tavi V. V. somexTa somexTa kaTalikosi kaTalikosi arab arab amirasTan amirasTan uCivis 

uCivis 

albanel albanel qalkedonitebs 

qalkedonitebs 

arab xelisufals somexTa kaTalikosi swers, rom somxeTi arabebs emor- 

Cileba da emsaxureba RmerTis nebiT, albanelebi da somxebi qristianebi 

arian, magram albanelTa kaTalikosi, romelic partavSi zis, SeuTanxmda 

berZenTa imperators, ixseniebs mas locvebSi da albanelTa qveyanas aiZulebs, 

miiRos bizantiuri sarwmunoeba. somexTa kaTalikosi Semdeg mouwodebs 

amiras, rom is albanelTa qalkedonitobas gulgrilad nu Sexedavs, 

dasajos isini TavianTi moqmedebis Sesabamisad (msgavsad aseve somexTa 

sakaTalikosom da marzpanma qarTuli eklesiis qalkedonitobis, anu `berZnuli 

sarwmunoebis~ Sesaxeb Seatyobines sparsTa mefes kirionis dros da mouwodes, 

daesaja qarTuli eklesia bizantiuri rjulisaTvis). 

Tavi Tavi VI. VI. arabi arabi amira amira pasuxobs pasuxobs somexTa somexTa kaTalikoss 

kaTalikoss 

arabi amira somexTa kaTalikoss `RvTis kacs~ uwodebs da atyobinebs, rom 

man albaneTSi gagzavna didi jari erTguli msaxuris meTaurobiT. am jars 

nabrZanebi aqvs arabTa xelisuflebisagan gamdgari alvanelebi moaqcios 

somxur sarwmunoebaze. `...Cveni xelisuflebisagan gamdgari alvanelebi Tqveni 

sjulis mixedviT simarTleze moaqcion~ (gv. 139). 

(aqedan Cans, rom arabebs qalkedonitebi miaCniaT arabTa xelisuflebisagan 

gandgomilebad, xolo `somxuri sarwmunoebis~ mqoneni erTgul RvTis kacebad). 

Semdeg atyobinebs, rom `Cveni msaxuri Sens winaSe partavSi sisruleSi 

moiyvans sasjels, nersessa da mis Tanamoazre qals rkinis jaWviT gadaabamen 

da Sercxvenilebs samefo karze moiyvanen, raTa yvelam ixilos meamboxeTa 

Seuracxyofa~ (gv. 139). 

(yvela qalkedoniti arabTaTvis meamboxea. aseve uwodeben qalkedonitebs _ 

`Cveni xelisuflebiasagan gandgomilebs~, amitomac isini sastikad unda daisajon. 

albanelTa kaTalikosi nersesic `meamboxea~ Tavisi qalkedonitobis gamo, 

is unda daisajos somexi kaTalikosis winaSe, xolo somxebs ufleba aqvT 

albanelebi `TavianT sarwmunoebaze~, anu somxur sarwmunoebaze moaqcion). 

Tavi Tavi VII. VII. somexTa somexTa kaTalikosi kaTalikosi albaneTSi albaneTSi sjis 

sjis 

albanTa albanTa kaTalikoss 

kaTalikoss 

somexTa kaTalikosi sagangebod Cavida albaneTSi, dajda mTavar taZarSi 

da brZana misTvis dasasjelad miegvaraT albanTa kaTalikosi nersesi. SeSineb-


jafariZe 

uli albanelTa kaTalikosi daimala, Semdeg Seipyres da miiyvanes somexTa 

kaTalikosis winaSe. `mravalricxovan SekrebilTa Soris elias winaSe upasuxod 

idga ubeduri. mefis brZanebiT mas mZime sasjeli gamoutanes: gadaabes 

fexiT fexze im qalTan da Soreul qveyanaSi gasagzavnad moamzades, magram 

ver aitana es tanjva da rva dRis Semdeg gardaicvala~ (gv. 140). (aqedan 

Cans, rom arabebma sastikad dasajes ara marto qalkedoniti samRvdeloeba, 

nersesi da masTan daaxloebulni, aramed saero qalkedoniti xelisuflebac, 

magaliTad, albaneTis qalkedoniti dedofali sparami, romelic dasamcireblad 

albanTa kaTalikosis fexze gamoabes da gadaasaxles). 

qalkedonituri literatura gaanadgures. arabebma da albaneTSi sagangebod 

Casulma somxebma albanTa kaTalikos nersesis qalkedonituri 

wignebi, romliTac savse iyo zanduki, wyalSi Cayares. 

`... nersesis `wvalebiT~ savse wignebi, romliTac avsebuli iyo zanduki, 

waiRes da mTlianad mdinare trtutSi Cayares...~ (gv. 140) 

Tavi Tavi VIII. VIII. somexTa somexTa kaTalikosi kaTalikosi erTgulebis erTgulebis xelwerils, 

xelwerils, 

anu anu `Semomtkicebis Semomtkicebis wigns wigns~, wigns , arTmevs arTmevs albanelebs 

albanelebs 

RmerTmao, _ weren albanelebi `Semomtkicebis wignSi~, _ `Segvibrala Cven 

uZlurni, Seiwyala Cveni xalxi da gamogvigzavna RvTis madliT Rirseuli 

mama elia _ somexTa kaTalikosi, kaci wmida da marTali, wmida grigoris 

taZris mflobeli, episkoposebTan da vardapetebTan erTad~. somexTa kaTalikosi 

albaneTSi Casula sami somexi episkoposisa, vardapetisa da mraval 

mowafeTa TanxlebiT (gv. 141). (SeiZleba Sedareba _ somxeTis eklesia 

kirionis drosac apirebda qarTlSi somexi episkoposebis gagzavnas, raTa 

maT kirionisaTvis èswavlebinaT swori sarwmunoeba~). 

albanelebi Semdeg weren somxeTidan Casuli samRvdeloebis Sesaxeb _ 

`moxvediT Tqven Cvens dedaqalaq partavSi da tkbili moZRvrebiT aRkveTeT 

boroti Cvens Soris. gagvaxseneT Cveni winapris anderZi...~ (gv. 141). 

Semdeg _ `rodesac gansacdelma moaRwia Cvenamde, RmerTma aRmogviCina 

Semweoba wmida grigoris monacvlis meSveobiT, romlis marTlmorwmuneobis 

mowafeni varT da viqnebiT. elia somexTa kaTalikosi gaxda simarTlis 

mterze SurismaZiebeli da axla Cven yvelani vwyevliT `mwvaleblebs~ ... 

qalkedonis krebasa da leonis tomars... SevaCveneT Cveni sacodavi nersesic, 

romelic saTnoeyo orbunebianTa `wvalebas~ da misi mimdevarni. Cven 

SevadgineT es sabuTi RmrTisa... raTa amis Semdeg aRarvin gabedos gadauxvios 

Cveni mamebis naanderZevs. xolo Tu gamoCndeba vinme utifari... aseve 

SeCvenebuli iqneba... Tu episkoposTagani iqneba vinme _ Rirseba CamoerTvas 

da taxtidan Camogdebul iqnas. Tu mRvdeli _ aseve mouvides, Tu vinme 

berTagani, _ SeCvendes da ganidevnos, xolo Tu azatTagani iyos _ eklesi-


istoria 

477 

idan moikveTos da amxanagebSi gareva aekrZalos, vidre marTlmadideblur 

rwmenaze ar Semobrundes~. (aqedan Cans, rom arabTa zemoqmedebiT albanelebi 

(da ara marto albanelebi, aramed kavkasiis qalkedonitebi) iZulebulni 

arian TavianTi Tavi somxuri eklesiis wevrebad gamoacxadon da 

dagmon qalkedonitoba. qalkedoniti samRvdeloeba ganikveTeba da ganidevneba, 

qalkedoniti eriskacebi moikveTeba sazogadoebidan _ àmxanagebidan~ da 

eklesiidan, mas ekrZaleba sazogadoebasTan raime kavSiri manam, sanam ar 

miiRebs `somxur sarwmunoebas~. unda vifiqroT, rom albaneTis mezobel 

qvemo qarTlSi, sadac arabobas gansakuTrebiT hqonda fexi mokidebuli, 

mravalma qarTvelma qalkedonitma iZulebiT miiRo `somxuri sarwmunoeba~). 

albaneTis albaneTis kaTalikosi kaTalikosi somxeTSi somxeTSi unda unda ekurTxos 

ekurTxos 

amis Semdeg albanel monofizitTa krebis monawileni _ samRvdeloeba, 

mTavrebi da aznaurebi deben SeTanxmebas somxeTis kaTalikosTan albaneTis 

kaTalikosis kurTxevis wesis Sesaxeb. am SeTanxmebis Tanaxmad, albaneTis 

kaTalikosis kurTxeva xdeba somexTa kaTalikosis mier. albanTa kaTalikosis 

kurTxeva unda moxdes somxeTSi `wmida grigoris taxtze~. Tu romelime 

albaneTis kaTalikosi gabedavs da ar ekurTxeba somxeTSi _ is kaTalikosad 

ar CaiTvleba. krebis monawileTa azriT, albaneTis kaTalikosi somxeT- 

Si unda ekurTxos, imitom rom albaneTi somxeTis meSveobiT ganaTlda da 

wmida grigoris droidan misi kurTxeva somxeTSi xdeboda, bolo dros ki 

aseTi wesi darRveula. kreba aRadgens `Zvel wess~. 

`Cven Tavidan davaweseT agreTve alvaneTis kaTalikosis xeldasxma, radgan 

bolo xanebSi Cvenma kaTalikosebma daarRvies episkoposTa dadgenis 

wesi. gamoucdelobiT da ucodinarobiT Cvens qveyanaSi ganxeTqilebam iCina 

Tavi. amitom SevTanxmdiT RvTisa da Tqveni mamamTavrobis winaSe, rom albaneTis 

mRvdelmTavris kurTxeva wmida grigoris taxtze moxdes, Cveni 

qveynis TanxmobiT, rogorc es xdeboda wmida grigoris dros. radganac Cven 

Tqvenidan gavnaTldiT, WeSmaritad gvwams, rom visac Tqven airCevT, is sasurveli 

iqneba RvTisTvisac da CvenTvisac, nuravin gabedavs am SeTanxmebis 

darRvevas da sxvanair moqmedebas, xolo Tu vinme daarRvevs _ misi xeldasxma 

gauqmebulad CaiTvleba... rwmena iyos mtkice da Seuryeveli Cven 

orive xalxs Soris~... (gv. 143). 

SeTanxmeba daido somxuri welTaRricxviT 148, anu 699 wels. krebas 

somexTa kaTalikosi elia Tavmjdomareobda. 

aqedan Cans, VII saukunis bolos rogor SeZlo somxurma eklesiam mTlianad 

gabatonebuliyo albanur eklesiaze. amis Semdeg albanur eklesiaSi 

arabTa ZaldatanebiT aikrZala qalkedonitoba da albanelebma `somxuri 

sarwmunoeba~ miiRes, rasac Sedegad mohyva albanur eklesiaSi ukve daner-


jafariZe 

gili somxurenovani wirva-locvis sruli gabatoneba. albanuri eklesia 

mTlianad gaiTqvifa somxur eklesiaSi. erovnuli eklesiis gareSe darCenili 

albanelTa didi nawili mahmadiandeba da asimilirdeba sxva xalxebSi, 

morwmune qristiani albanelebi ki monofizitebi arian da somxuri eklesiis 

nawili xdebian. 

arabebma, ise rogorc adre sparselebma, `somxuri sarwmunoeba~ savaldebulod 

aqcies kavkasieli xalxebisaTvis. Tu VII saukunis dasawyisSi albanurma 

eklesiam gabeda da somxur eklesias gamoeyo, msgavsad kirionisa, VII 

saukunis bolos arabebi albanelebs sabolood uqvemdebareben somxur eklesias. 

arseni safareli da mose kalankatueli erTxmad weren albaneTis 

somexTagan gamoyofis Sesaxeb VI-VII saukuneTa mijnaze. isini am dros 

uTiTebdnen pirvel mociqul eliSaze, romelmac albanuri eklesia daafuZna 

_ `...mxedarmTavrebi aqezebdnen somxebs, moeTxovaT sasuliero pirveloba 

alvanelebze, rasac alvanelebi ar emorCilebodnen. isini uTiTebdnen erT 

pirvandel mociqulze, romelic alvaneTSi mivida, mas eliSa erqva. iq 

uqadagia da aRuSenebia eklesia somxebze ufro adre. es aris aRmosavleT- 

Si pirveli deda eklesiao. am gisis eklesias erwmunen alvanelebi da 

somxebisgan gaiTiSnen, raTa ar yofiliyvnen sxvisi xelisuflebis qveS~. 

axla ki VII saukunis bolos albanelebma aRar wamoayenes idea ierusalimidan, 

uflis Zma iakobisagan qristianobis albaneTSi Semotanis Sesaxeb, 

axla isini ukve acxadeben, rom maT somxeTisagan miiRes qristianoba. pirdapir 

weren kidec _ `... Cven Tqvengan gavnaTldiT...~ (gv. 143). amitomac 

albanuri eklesia unda daeqvemdebaros somxurs. 

Tavi Tavi IX. IX. somexTa somexTa kaTalikosi kaTalikosi SeTanxmebis SeTanxmebis werils 

werils 

aZlevs aZlevs alvanelebs 

alvanelebs 

ùTanxmoebani, romlebic alvaneTSi moxda rwmenis gamo urjulo nersesisagan, 

mravalTa sulebSi qalkedonitur rwmenas aRvivebs da Tavisi cbieri 

borotebiT saSiSroebas uqmnis episkoposebs, mRvdlebsa da berebs. rodesac 

gavige me, somexTa kaTalikosma eliam, Cems episkoposebTan erTad mivedi 

alvaneTSi, didebul qalaq partavSi. CemTan Seikribnen sasulieroni da 

saeroni... episkoposebma da eklesiis mTelma dasma xelweriliTa da beWdiT... 

daadgines: Tavisi nebiT mtkiced daicvan rwmena da ar Seerion qalkedonituri 

rwmenisa da bakuris moZRvrebis mimdevrebs... Tu vinme kaTalikosi 

an episkoposi gadauxvevs am SeTanxmebas, maSin mas aRar unda hqondes 

ufleba mrevlze... me elia, somexTa kaTalikosma Cems episkoposebTan erTad 

miviRe Semomtkicebis wigni alvanelTa krebisagan da momeciT Tqven es 

SeTanxmebis werili...~ (gv. 144).


istoria 

Tavi Tavi X. X. arabTa arabTa amiras amiras divanSi divanSi aTavseben aTavseben sias 

sias 

albaneli albaneli mTavrebisa, mTavrebisa, imisaTvis: imisaTvis: Tu Tu romelime romelime maTgani 

maTgani 

qalkedonitobas qalkedonitobas miiRebs, miiRebs, sikvdiliT sikvdiliT dasajon 

dasajon 

479 

arabi amiras samdivnoSi moaTavses sia albaneli naxararebisa, maT Soris 

erTi mTavrisa, erTi spaspetisa, patrikebisa, iSxnebis mflobelebisa _ isini 

monofizitebi iyvnen, erTi ki iakobitia. _ `yvela eseni Cawerili iyvnen 

abdal meliq amir mumnis divanSi, imisaTvis, rom Tu vinme maTgani aRiarebda 

orbunebianobas, sikvdiliT daesajaT~ (gv. 144). 

(aqedan Cans, Tu ra sastikad devnidnen arabebi qalkedonitebs da aZlierebdnen 

`somxur sarwmunoebas~. TviT qveynis mfobeli mTavrebic ki sikvdiliT isjebodnen 

qalkedonitobisaTvis. dabali fenebi kidev ufro sastikad daisjebodnen, 

Tu isini gabedavdnen da `somxur sarwmunoebas~ ar aRiarebdnen. sastikad 

idevneboda qalkedoniti samRvdeloebac. qarTlSic aseTive viTareba iyo. qarTlis 

mflobeli xosroiani mefeebi TavianTi qalkedonuri sarwmunoebisaTvis sastikad 

daisajnen VIII saukunis dasawyisSi. idevneboda qarTuli qalkedonituri 

eklesiac. mxolod dasavleT saqarTvelo da mesxeTi _ bizantiis mfarvelobis 

wyalobiT gadarCa `somxuri sarwmunoebis~ iZulebas). 

Tavi Tavi XXI. XXI. arabul arabul administraciul administraciul erTeul erTeul _ _ àrmeniaSi armeniaSi armeniaSi~ armeniaSi 

Sedis Sedis qarTvelTa qarTvelTa da da albanelTa albanelTa qveynebi, 

qveynebi, 

misi misi amira amira erovnebiT erovnebiT somexia 

somexia 

somex mTavars sahl smbatians 837 wels `...samefodan didi jildo ergo. 

mas uwyalobes somxeTis, iberiisa da alvaneTis mTliani gamgebloba mTavris 

uflebiT~. (gv. 161) 

838 wels _ `... ufalTufalma iunesma, romelic somexTa, iberTa da alvanelTa 

xelisufali iyo, samefosagan kidev iTxova sami qveyana...~ (gv. 161) 

(iberia anu qarTli, an misi erTi nawili) Sedis arabTa mier Seqmnil adminitraciul 

erTeulSi _ àrmeniaSi~, romelSic qarTlis garda, somxeTi da 

albaneTi Sedioda. am administraciuli erTeulis amirebi (anu vostikani) IX 

saukunis Sua wlebSi somxebi arian. maTTvis mefuri ufleba miuniWebiaT. isini, 

cxadia, xels Seuwyobdnen qarTlSi `somxuri sarwmunoebis~ gavrcelebas). 

Tavi Tavi XXII. XXII. alvaneTis alvaneTis kaTalikosi kaTalikosi samueli samueli somexTa 

somexTa 

gareSe gareSe ekurTxa, ekurTxa, ris ris gamoc gamoc SeaCvenes 

SeaCvenes 

albanelTa kaTolikosma samuelma xeldasxma miiRo ara somxeTSi, aramed 

Tavisi albaneli episkoposebis xeliT. am ambavma `...metad aaRelva alvane- 

Tis iSxanebi. maT erTxmad acnobes es somexTa kaTalikoss, ufal gevorgs,


jafariZe 

xolo man kanonieri ganCinebiT miswera somexTa iSxanebs da sTxova daxmareba 

... amasobaSi kaTalikosi samueli brZnulad mourigda alvaneTis 

Tavkacebsa da iSxanebs da maT Soris mSvidoba damyarda. amis gamo somxebma 

SeaCvenes alvanelebi. somexTa iSxani aSoti moiTxovda wmida grigoris 

mier ganwesebas da somexTagan xeldasxmas... somexTa didma mTavarma miswera 

gevorg mRvdelmTavars amis Sesaxeb, amasTanave daarwmuna samueli 

daTanxmeboda mTeli alvaneTis survils da Tundac Tavisi nebis gareSe 

wasuliyo dvins da... xelmeored mieRo xeldasxma somexTa kaTalikos gevorgisagan~. 

es moxda 877 wels. 

daaxloebiT 893 wels arabi mxedarTmTavari `...Tavs daesxa qarTvelTa 

qveyanas. mis winaaRmdeg gamovida ori mamaci qarTveli mxedarTmTavari 

giorgi da misi Zma aravesi. orive wamebiT daxoca~ (gv. 164). 

Tavi Tavi XXIV. XXIV. albanelTa albanelTa mamamTavrebi 

mamamTavrebi 

albaneTis `...uwindel patriarqTa saqmeni, dro da saxelebi dakargulan...~ 

(gv. 168). albanTa ganaTlebis wyaro yofila wmida eliSa, wmida Tadeozis 

mowafe (miaqcieT yuradReba am Txzulebis VI saukunis dasasrulisa da VII 

saukunis damdegis avtoris ideiT, albanTa ganmanaTlebeli wmida eliSa 

uflis Zmis, iakobis mowafea, dakavSirebulia ierusalimTan da araviTari 

kavSiri ara aqvs somxeTTan, ufro metic, is somxebze ufro adre aarsebs 

samociqulo taxts albaneTSi. es idea icvleba VII saukunis dasasruls. am 

dros albaneTSi Casuli somexTa kaTalikosi elia mTlianad ucvlis am 

ideas saxes da gadmogvcems, rom mociquli eliSa mowafe iyo Tadeoz 

mociqulisa. es idea meordeba X saukunemde. Tadeozi somxuri eklesiis 

damaarseblad iyo aRiarebuli. Tu eliSa Tadeozis mowafe iyo, maSin alban- 

Ta ganmanaTlebeli mowafe yofila somexTa ganmanaTleblisa. amitomac albanuri 

eklesia somxurs unda daemorCilos). 

`Semdeg iyo yrma grigorisi, somexTa ganmanaTleblis grigoris SviliSvili~... 

(e.i. albanTa kaTalikosi iyo); `...Seqmna netarma mesropma alvanuri 

damwerloba. manve didi Sromis Sedegad anbani misca somxebsa da qarTvelebs. 

Semdeg iyo ufali abasi, romelmac somxuri welTaRricxvis dasawyisSi sapatriarqo 

taxti Coridan partavSi gadaitana... misi droidan Cveulebad iqca 

daeweraT aseTi pativi: àlvanTa, lfinTa da Coris kaTalikosi~. dvinis krebdan 

mas miuTiTes, raTa eRiarebina mxolod erTbunebianoba qristesi...~ (gv. 168). 

ùfali viro... man xazari SaTis tyveobidan gaaTavisufla somxebi, qarTvelebi 

da alvanelebi... ufali zaqaria... (man) siunqis episkoposad akurTxa vinme 

vrTanesi, rac moxda somexTa nebis gareSe~ (gv. 168). ùfali nersesi... mas 

goneba aeria, moindoma alvanelTa keTilSobili saxli CamoeSorebina da 

qalkedonituri rwmenisaTvis daemorCilebina~.


istoria 

481 

ùfalma miqaelma daswyevla agreTve qarTvelTa mwyemsi Talale, radganac 

man neba darTo ukanono qorwinebas~. 

ùfali samueli... man TviTon, xeldasxmis gareSe miiRo samamamTavro 

pativi, ris gamoc ganTavisuflebul iqna. xelmeored xeldasxma miiRo somexTa 

kaTalikos georgisagan dvinSi. ufali iunani... kaTalikos georgis daukiTxavad 

mivida alvaneTSi da xeldasxmac mis gareSe miiRo, Semdeg TviTon 

georgma xelmeored akurTxa is~ (gv. 170).


jafariZe 

Tavi VII 

qarTuli eklesia VIII-X saukuneebSi 

`Cvenma samRvdeloebam kargad icoda, 

rom mamuli da erovneba rjulTan erTad 

SeerTebuli, rjulTan Sexorc-Tvisebuli, 

uZleveli xmalia da Seuleweli fari 

mtrisa winaSe~. 


marTali marTali


istoria 

`qarTlis~ istoriuli geografia VIII saukunisaTvis 

483 

qarTlis wyaroTa Tanaxmad, V saukunesa da wina saukuneebSi sityva `qarTlis~ 

qveS igulisxmeboda mTeli saqarTvelo. 

aRmosavleT saqarTvelos ukiduresi aRmosavleTi provinciebic _ kaxeTi 

da hereTi _ qarTlis nawili iyo. V saukunis avtors ase aqvs gadmocemuli: 

`viTarca moiwia igi sazRvarTa qarTlisaTa qveyanasa mas hereTisasa... wina 

miegebnen mas aznaurni~. 1 

hereTi qarTlis erT-erTi Semadgeneli qveyanaa, xolo qarTlis sazRvrebi 

mtkiced aris gansazRvruli. iakob xucesma kargad icis, Tu sad gadis 

qarTlis saxelmwifos sazRvari da iseve, rogorc leonti mroveli, juanSeri 

da sxva Zveli qarTveli mematianeebi, xmarobs termins `sazRvari 

qarTlisaA~. hereTi, misi sityviT, qarTlis sazRvrebs SigniT moqceuli 

qveyanaa. hereTSi wamebuli wmida SuSanikis ambavi mTel qarTls moefina, 

`ganiTqva yovelsa qarTlsa saqme misi~, wmidanis sanaxavad àznaurni da 

uaznoni soflisa qarTlisani movides~. 2 

qarTli sxvagan ki ar aris, aramed TviTve hereTia qarTli, aseve dasavleT 

saqarTvelo, kerZod, egrisis zRvis sanapiro klisuramde qarTlis 

erT-erTi qveyana iyo. swored amitom am teritoriebis berZnebis mier dapyrobis 

dros, mTel iveriaSi _ qarTlSi urva da wuxili daiwyo. 

qarTlsa da saberZneTs Soris Tavidanve iyo sazRvari dadebuli, qarTlis 

samefos SeqmnisTanave, farnavazis dros. farnaozma `qujis misca qveyana... 

egrisis wylamde...~, xolo gorgasals _ `...ukusca keisarman sazRvari 

qarTlisa cixe Tuxarisi da klarjeTi... gamoikiTxa keisarman sazRvari 

saberZneTisa da qveyana zRvispirisa, romel ars afxazeTi da hrqua: egrisis 

wyliTgan vidre mdinaremde mcirisa xazareTisa ese sazRvari ars 

saberZneTisa aleqsandrobiTgan~. 3 

keisarma vaxtang gorgaslis saxelmwifos daubruna is teritoriebi, romelnic 

istoriulad Sediodnen qarTlSi. 

egriswyals iqiT mdebare qveyana qarTls ekuTvnoda. marTlac, arsebobs 

ègriswyalsaqeTis~ Sesabamisi ZvelqarTuli termini _ ègriswyalqvemo qveyana~, 

vaxtang gorgaslis Zem daCim ùkumoixvna egriswyalsquemoTi queyana~. 4 

vaxtang gorgasalis meoxebiT qarTlis sazRvari gadaweuli iqna CrdiloeTiT 

da qarTlsa da saberZneTs Soris saxelmwifo sazRvari mdinare egriswylis 

nacvlad daido md. klisuraze _ `klisura romeli masa Jamsa iyo 

sazRvari saberZneTisa da saqarTveloAsa~, `zRude igi sazRvari klisurisa~. 5 

ase rom, qarTli vaxtang gorgaslis dros, iseve rogorc manamde da mis 

Semdeg, vidre VIII saukunis Sua wlebamde, erTiani qveyanaa, romelsac aqvs 

mtkiced gansazRvruli sazRvrebi mezobel saxelmwifoebTan. dasavleTiT 

qarTlis cnebaSi Sedis egrisi, aRmosavleTSi ki _ hereTi, xolo samxreTiT 

cixe-Tuxarisi da klarjeTi. aseTia mtkicebani qarTuli wyaroebisa.


jafariZe 

`vaxtang gorgaslis mefobis periodi _ uaRresad mniSvnelovani movlenebiT 

aRivso: gaerTianda aRmosavleTi ìveria~ da dasavleTi ègrisi~. 

qarTl-kaxeTis garda; am erTian samefos farglebSi Semovida alvaneTis 

momijnave mxareebic (hereTi, kambeCani)~ 6 . 

vaxtang gorgaslis Semdeg maleve, miuxedavad imisa, rom misi qveyana 

sparselebma da bizantielebma daipyres, qarTli mainc erTiania, mas erTi 

kanonieri mmarTveli hyavs (nominaluri) samefo gvaridan. 

qarTlis cxovrebis mixedviT, vaxtangis Ze daCic mTel qarTls marTavs. 

man qarTls daubruna ègriswyalsqvemoTi qveyana~. 

XXXVI mefe farsmanmac `daipyro yoveli giorgia~ _ anu mTeli qarTli 

_ saqarTvelo. mis drosve qveynis SigniT sxvadasxva politikuri dajgufebis 

warmoqmna, urTierTgamijvna mimdinareobda (528-542 wlebSi). 

mefe farsmani sparselebis momxrea, xolo Zeni mirdatisani _ berZnebisa. 

XXXVII mefis farsman VI-is dros (542-557) àrRara moiyvandian kaTalikossa 

saberZneTidan~. mis dros Semosula 12 sirieli mama. 

XXXVIII mefis bakuris Semdeg qarTli, anu saqarTvelo daiSala 

saerisTavoebad. 

guaram kurapalatma (575-600), romelsac `mosca mefoba saqarTvelosi keisarman~... 

7 _ èrisTavni ver scvalna, vinaidgan gujriT aqvndaT mflobeloba 

keisrisa da sparsTa mefisagan, garna morCilebasa Sina guaramisa iyvnen~. 8 

aqedan Cans, rom qveyana, faqtobrivad, gayofilia sparseTsa da saberZneTs 

Soris. es qveynebi TviTon amtkiceben erisTavebs saqarTveloSi, magram 

saqarTvelo, anu qarTli mainc erTiani qveyanaa da erisTavebi erT qarTvel 

mefes _ qarTlis mefes emorCilebian. 

ra iyo amis mizezi, ram SeunarCuna aseT pirobebSi qarTls erTianoba? 

`faqtia isic, rom miuxedavad 

politikuri damoukideblobis dakargvisa, 

qarTli VI saukunis ganmavlobaSi... 

ekonomikur aRmavlobas 

ganicdis...~ 9 am dros gacxovelebula-gaRrmavebulasaqarTvelos 

sxvadasxva provinciebs Soris 

ekonomikuri kavSiri, gafarTovebula 

Sinagani bazari. `yvelaferi 

es, ra Tqma unda, xels uwyobda 

da apirobebda am calkeuli 

provinciebis Serwyma-gaerTianebis 

process. amdroindeli qarTlis ekonomikuri da kulturuli aRmavlobis 

maCvenebelia mniSvnelovani arqiteqturuli nagebobani, romlebic am 

periodSi iqmneba da romelTa dagvirgvinebasac warmoadgens qarTuli xelovnebis 

brwyinvale Zegli _ mcxeTis jvari~. 10


istoria 

485 

ase rom, vaxtang gorgaslis Semdeg qarTli ki ar daSlila, piriqiT, 

mimdinareobda `calkeuli provinciebis Serwyma-gaerTianebis procesi~ da 

èkonomikuri kulturuli aRmavloba~. swored amiT iyo gamowveuli is, rom 

sxva saxelmwifoebis mier `mflobeloba~ miniWebuli erisTavebi erT qarTlis 

mefes, anda mTavars emorCilebian. 

adarnase mTavarsac, mcxeTis jvris erT-erT aRmSenebels, yvela erisTavi 

emorCileba. magram erisTavebis Secvla mas ar SeuZlia. adarnases Ze 

stefanoz mTavari da misi Zeni _ arCili da miri gadadian dasavleT 

saqarTveloSi, egrisSi da iqidan marTaven saxelmwifos: egrisi rom qarTlis 

samefoSi Semavali qveyana ar yofiliyo, qarTlis mefe-mTavrebi iq ver 

dadgebodnen. 

arCil mefis erT-erTi Ze, iovane, egrisis mmarTveli mTavari iyo. mas 

mematiane ìovane erisTavs~ uwodebs. 

egrisi qarTlis erT-erTi qveyana iyo imiTac, rom qarTlis kaTalikosi 

kirioni xeldasxmulia `...gugarqis, qarTlis da egrisis kaTalikosad~. 11 

amasve miuTiTebs atenis sionSi axladaRmoCenili warwerebi, sadac qarTlis 

erisTavi amave dros egrisis erisTavicaa. 

wmida mefe arCilis mematianes erT-erT wyarod gamouyenebia anonimis 

Txzuleba, romelic asaxavs swored im epoqas, romelsac igi gulisxmobs, e.i. 

arCilis moRvaweobis xanas. arCili ki, Cveni azriT, VIII saukunis pirveli 

naxevris moRvawea. 12 

am anonimis koncefciiT `...dasavleTi saqarTvelo, anu egrisi, afxazeTis 

gamoklebiT, qarTls warmoadgens, anu ukeT, dasavleT saqarTvelos Semadgeneli 

mxareebi arian igive `qveyanani qarTlisani~. rogorc viciT, aseTi 

koncefcia saerTod axasiaTebs `qarTlis cxovrebas~ da mas garkveuli 

safuZvelic unda hqondes. anonimis mixedviT, `qarTlis mefeebs~ mirs da 

arCils, romlebic murvan yrus Semosevisas dasavleT saqarTvelos afareben 

Tavs, am ukanasknelze suverenuli uflebebi aqvT~. 13 

`sikvdilis win miri eubneba arCils: `mamaca Cveni mokvda SfoTsa amas 

Sina da ver warveciT igi mcxeTas. warscen Zvalni misi da daflen saydarsa 

quTaissa, raTa ipovos igi sawameblad samkvidrosa Cvenisa~. e.i. quTaisis 

saydari, sadac stefanoz qarTlis erisTavis saflavia, iqneba simbolo qarTlis 

mmarTvelTa axali rezidenciisa. es tendencia saxelmwifos kulturulpolitikuri 

centris dasavleTSi, kerZod ki quTaisSi gadatanisa, marTlac, 

SesaZlebelia ukve maSin arsebuliyo, ramdenadac VIII saukunis 40-iani wlebidan, 

rogorc viciT, Tbilisi arabi amiras adgil-samyofeli xdeba~. 14 

rogorc aRniSnuli gvqonda, sazRvari qarTlsa da `saberZneTs~ Soris 

gadioda mdinare klisuraze. arabobis dros mefe arCili gadasuli iyo 

`saberZneTSi~, mdinare klisuras iqiT. qveynis dawynarebis Semdeg mefe 

arCilma adgilobriv erisTavs _ afxazeTis mmarTvels, romelic `keisris-


jafariZe 

gan~ iyo dadginebuli (èrisTavi keisrisa leon~), uTxra _ `...aw uwyies 

Seneba adgilTa CvenTa klisuriTgan aRmarT. warval da daveSenebi cixe 

gojs da quTaiss~. 15 

klisuriTgan àRmarTi~ qveyana qarTlis mefeTa sakuTari àdgilia~ _ 

qarTlia. 

arCili arabebTan omis win agonebs mirs, rom qarTlidan wamoRebul 

saganZurTa Soris òrni igi gvirgvinni oqroisa da anTrakisani: erTi 

mirian mefisa da erTi vaxtangisi. Sen da mamaman Cvenman dasdeviT igi 

quTaTis da cixe gojis~. 16 

samefo niSnebis, Zveli qarTlis mefeTa samefo gvirgvinebis quTaissa da 

cixe gojSi `dadebiT~, es qalaqebi qarTlis politikur centrebad unda 

qceuliyvnen. 

ase rom, VIII saukunis 50-ian wlebamde sityva `qarTlis~ qveS igulisxmeboda 

mTeli saqarTvelo, rogorc misi aRmosavleTi, aseve dasavleTi nawili. 

amitomac, qarTlis sakaTalikoso Tavis iurisdiqcias axorcielebda 

ara marto aRmosavleT saqarTveloze, aramed dasavleT saqarTvelozec, 

sakaTalikosos daarsebis droidan _ V saukunidan, xolo qarTuli eklesia 

Tavis uflebamosilebas axorcielebda dasavleT saqarTveloze qarTuli 

eklesiis warmoqmnis droidanve. 

VIII saukunis meore naxevarSi (80-90-ian wlebSi) arCilis Zis, iovane 

egrisis erisTavis gardacvalebis Semdeg, iSleba qarTuli samefo. erTiani 

qarTlis samefo gaiyo sam nawilad: warmoiqmna àfxazeTi~, `qarTli~ da 

`kaxeTi~. am dromde, e.i. VIII saukunis 80-90-ian wlebamde _ farnavaz pirveli 

mefidan arCil mefis Svilebamde, yovelTvis sityva-termini `qarTli~ 

aRniSnavda mTel saqarTvelos, xolo amis Semdeg dasavleT saqarTvelos 

ukve aRar ewodeboda qarTli, aramed ewodeboda afxazeTi. 

qarTlis samefo TiTqmis uwyvetad arsebobda farnavaz mefis Semdeg VIII 

saukunemde, TiTqmis 1000 wlis ganmavlobaSi, xolo VIII saukuneSi qarTlis 

saxelmwifos daSlis Sedegad, rogorc aRvniSneT, warmoiSva afxazeTis, taoklarjeTis 

(qarTlis), kaxeTisa da hereTis samefoebi. 

`xolo amieridgan iwyo Semcirebad mefobaman didTa mefeTa xuasroanTaman. 

pirvelad ufleba sarkinozTa gandidna da mieridgan mieca yoveli ese 

qveyana JamiTi Jamad rbevasa da oxrobasa~. 

`ganiryvna qveyana, rameTu romeli gamoCndis Rirsi mefed xosrovani 

agarianTagan Semcirdian, vinaATgan gandidna Zali sarkinozTa da daipyres 

qarTli da tfilisi da ganmravldnen mTavarni~. 17 

arabebis Semosevis gamo `klisuris iqiTa qveyana~ _ afxazeTi berZenTa 

batonobisagan gaTavisuflda, `rameTu mouZlurebul iyvnen berZennica agarianTagan, 

vinaiTgan miuRies zRvis gareTi~. 18


istoria 

487 

e.i. saberZneTis `zRvisgareTi~ qveyana _ mcire azia, arabebs daupyriaT. 

amis gamo, saberZneTi mouZlurebula. amiT usargeblia afxazeTis erisTavs, 

leon II-s da Tavisi qveyana gauTavisuflebia. 

es qveyana ìstoriulad~ `berZnebs~ ekuTvnoda da mdebareobda qarTlis 

mdinare klisuras gadaRma. am qveyanaSi _ afxazeTSi, erisTavebs niSnavda 

keisari. am afxazeTs Seafares Tavi murvan yrusagan devnilma mefe mirma 

da arCilma. aqve maT daamarcxes mteri _ `sarkinozni ukun iqcnen meotni~. 

afxazeTSi bizantiis mtrebze qarTvel mefeTa gamarjvebiT kmayofil keisars 

`leonisaTvis mieca mkvidrad erisTaoba afxazTa msaxurebisaTvis 

mefeTasa, rameTu ese leon I erisTavi iyo mun keisrisagan~. 19 aqve gardaicvala 

mefe miri, xolo misi qaliSvili miaTxoves leon afxazTa erisTavs. 

leoni afxazeTis erisTavia, xolo arCilis Svili iovane _ egrisis erisTavi, 

iovane erisTavis sikvdilis Semdeg, afxazeTis erisTavi leon II xdeba egrisis, 

anu mTeli dasavleT saqarTvelos mmarTveli _ `...leon daipyra sruliad 

egrisi da iwoda mefe afxazTa. `mematiane qarTlis samefos kuTvnil teritoriaze 

àfxazTa samefos~ warmoSobis mizezad iovane erisTavis sikvdilis 

garda, asaxelebs mefe arCilis Zis, qarTlis mTavris, juanSeris siberesac _ 

`juanSerica daberebul iyo~. namdvili mizezi, cxadia, arabebis mier qarTlis 

samefo saxlisa da samefos centraluri nawilis ganadgureba iyo~. 

qarTlis samefos VIII saukuneSive gamoeyo kaxeTis damoukidebeli samTavro 

_ `kaxeTis samTavro qarTls agreTve VII saukunis meore naxevarSi unda 

gamoyofoda, yovel SemTxvevaSi 764 wlis Semdeg~. 20 

qarTveli mematianis Tanaxmad, àfxazTa samefos~ warmoqmnisTanave warmoiqmna 

kaxeTis samTavro _ `...juanSerica daberebuliyo da mokuda igica... 

kualad gandga grigoli mTavari. aman daipyra kaxeTi~. 21 

es iyo qarTuli samefos saboloo daSla; Tumca, es samefo mainc ganagr- 

Zobda arsebobas Sida qarTlsa da tao-klarjeTSi. 

erTiani qarTlis, erTi politikuri erTeulis, adgilze warmoiqmna sami 

politikuri erTeuli _ àfxazeTi~, `qarTli~, `kaxeTi~. afxazeTis samefos 

warmoSobis, anu dasavleT saqarTvelos qarTlis saxelmwifosagan Camocilebis 

Semdeg, Cans, moxda eklesiis administraciuli gayofac _ qarTlis 

sakaTalikosos SigniT Camoyalibda dasavleT saqarTvelos eklesia da 

warmoiqmna afxazeTis sakaTalikoso. 

rogorc aRniSnuli gvqonda, VIII saukunis 20-ian wlebamde dasavleT 

saqarTvelos qristianebi eqvemdebarebodnen qarTlis kaTalikoss, iseve 

rogorc kaxeTisa. àmis SesaniSnavi mowmobaa jvris tipis qristianuli 

taZrebis mSenebloba qarTlsa, kaxeTsa da egrisSi; kirionis xeldasxma 

gugarqis, qarTlisa da egrisis kaTalikosad~. 22 

`,...am TvalsazrisiT, uaRresad mniSvnelovnad gveCveneba vaxuSti batoniSvilis 

erTi Cveneba: àrs xons eklesia didi gumbaTiani, mSvenieri nagebi, zis


jafariZe 

episkoposi, mwyemsi vakisa. es iyo erTobasa Sina qarTlisa mTavarepiskopozisa 

Semdgomad ganyofilsa dasves aqa episkopozi~. 

vaxuStis es cnoba erTxel kidev amtkicebs im azrs, rom saqarTveloSi 

qristianobis pirvel saukuneebSi, qarTuli eklesiis erTobis dros, dasavleT 

saqarTvelos mrevli emorCileboda qarTlis mTavarepiskoposs, qarTlis 

kaTalikosobis warmoqmnis Semdegac, es mrevli mcxeTis (samTavros) 

episkoposis mrevlia. rogorc aRvniSneT, es iyo qarTuli eklesiis erTobis 

dros (V-VII saukuneebSi, VIII saukunis Sua wlamde), vaxuSti wers, _ `...es iyo 

erTobasa Sina qarTlisa mTavarepiskopozisa~, xolo erTiani qarTuli eklesiis 

gayofis Semdeg, anu afxazeTis sakaTalikosos warmoqmnis Semdeg, 

xonSi, anu dasavleT saqarTvelos centrSi _ vake samoqalaqoSi dausvamT 

episkoposi _ `... Semdgomad ganyofisa dasves aqa episkopozi~. 

`vaxuStis am cnobidan, romelic, eWvi ar aris, mas romeliRac Zveli 

wyarodan unda hqondes, gamodis, rom erTiani saqarTvelos samefos arsebobis 

pirobebSi vake imereTi, anu samoqalaqo, qarTlis mTavarepiskoposis 

iurisdiqcias emorCileba...~ 23 

vaxuSti èrTobasa Sina~-Si gulisxmobs ara qarTuli saxelmwifos erTobas, 

aramed qarTuli eklesiis Zvel erTobas VIII saukunemde, magram qarTuli 

eklesia XI saukunis Semdeg kvlav gaerTianda, amitom mkiTxveli rom ar 

daibnes, Tu eklesiis romel erTobazea saubari, vaxuSti brZanebs: `... erTobasa 

Sina qarTlis mTavarepiskopozisa...~ vaxuStis dros mkiTxvelma kargad 

icis, rom mTavarepiskoposoba, anu mTavarepiskopoz-kaTalikosoba arsebobda 

V-VIII saukuneebSi, xolo kaTalikos-patriarqoba XI saukunis Semdgom. 

vaxuSti mTavarepiskopozisdroindeli erTobis qveS gulisxmobs V-VIII saukuneebs. 

`marTlac, SeuZlebelia XI saukunis erTiani saqarTvelos monarqiis 

Camoyalibebis Semdeg, roca qristianoba ayvavebuli iyo da saepiskoposo 

uamravi, dasavleT saqarTvelos erTi nawilis saepiskoposo damorCileboda 

mcxeTis mTavarepiskoposs da ara saqarTvelos `mcxeTis~ patriarqs~. 24 

èrTiani saqarTvelos monarqiis arsebobis dros, aseTi movlenis warmoqmna 

gaugebaria. safiqrebelia, rom igi gacilebiT ufro Zveli drois nayofia 

da maincdamainc im droisa, rodesac egrisi Zlieri qarTlis kulturul 

eqspansias ganicdida. SesaZlebelia, es friad saintereso faqti dakavSirebuli 

iyos im movlenasTan, romelic fiqsirebulia somxur wyaroSi da romlis 

mixedviT `winandel wesTa magaliTisamebr~ VII saukunis dasawyisSi qarTlis 

kaTalikosis iurisdiqcia egrisis garkveul nawilze vrceldeba. 25 

àmgvarad gamodis, rom uZvelesi droidanve (V s-dan) egrisis aRmosavleT 

nawilSi oficialuri qristianuli kulti qarTul enaze sruldeboda... 

mTel im teritoriaze, romelic moicavs swored vake imereTs _ argveTis 

udides nawils, raWa-leCxumianad, arc erTi bizantiuri saepikoposo kaTedra 

ar moixsenieba. es garemoeba ar unda iyos umizezo da amdenad, yve-


istoria 

489 

laferi zemoT Tqmuli gvaiZulebs vifiqroT, rom am teritoriaze ukve 

maSin mcxeTis kaTalikosis iurisdiqcia moqmedebda qarTuli eniT, qarTuli 

mwignobrobiT da, aqedan gamomdinare, yvela Rrma SedegebiT. am konteqstSi 

saamiso myar argumentad moCans VII saukunis mcxeTis jvris tipis taZris 

ageba WyondidSi~. 26 

Tu qarTlis kaTalikosis iurisdiqcia vrceldeboda mTel saqarTveloze, 

rogorc aRmosavleTze, ise dasavleTze, maSin unda aixsnas dasavleT 

saqarTveloSi berZnuli saepiskoposoebis warmoqmnis mizezebi. Cans, berZnuli 

qristianuli centrebi saqarTvelos Savi zRvis sanapiroze TandaTan 

gaqristianebuli adgilobrivi mosaxleobis saWiroebisaTvis ki ar warmoiqmna, 

aramed es centrebi Seiqmna erTdroulad `berZnul-romauli jariskacebisa 

da garnizonisaTvis~, agreTve, zRvispira polisebis savaWro araqarTuli 

qalaqebisaTvis. 

saqarTvelos zRvispireTis yvela berZnuli saepiskoposo biWvinTis garda, 

Seiqmna VII saukunis Semdgom. am dros saqarTveloSi SemoWrilma imperatorma 

heraklem garkveuli mizezebis gamo, mcxeTis sakaTalikosos CamoaWra 

dasavleTis zRvispira teritoriebi, sadac konstantinopolma Tavisi 

iurisdiqcia ganaxorciela. 

saqarTvelos SavizRvispira berZnuli saepiskoposoebi, erovnuli saepiskoposoebi 

rom ar iyvnen, es iqidanac Cans, rom dasavleT saqarTvelodan 

bizantielebis garnizonebis gayvanisa da qveynis gaTavisuflebis Semdeg, 

VIII-IX saukuneebSi, es saepiskoposoebi gauqmdnen, xolo teritoria afxaze- 

Tis sakaTalikosos iurisdiqciaSi Sevida. sulieri TvalTaxedviT, Tavis 

mxriv, afxazeTis sakaTalikoso iyo mcxeTis sakaTalikosoze damorCilebuli, 

qarTuli saeklesio eniT, qarTuli mwignobrobiT. is iyo erTiani qarTuli 

eklesiis erT-erTi Semadgeneli nawili. misi meTauri mcxeTis kaTalikoss 

eqvemdebareboda sulierad, xolo mirons afxazeTis sakaTalikoso 

mcxeTis sakaTalikosodan iRebda. afxazeTis sakaTalikoso, `qarTlis cxovrebisa~ 

da ucxour wyaroTa mowmobiT, daarsebula bizantieli imperatoris, 

lev isavrosis dros, 720 wels, xolo iuridiuli gaformeba miuRia, 

anu qarTvel mefeebs afxazeTis sakaTalikosos arseboba ucvniaT 830 wels. 

giorgi merCulisaTvis Zalze kargad aris cnobili, rom istoriulad 

qarTli ewodeboda, rogorc aRmosavleT, aseve dasavleT saqarTvelos uZvelesi 

droidan VIII saukunis Sua wlebamde. marTalia, mis dros dasavleT 

saqarTvelos ewodeba ara qarTli, aramed afxazeTi, magram man icis, rom es 

aris politikuri mdgomareobis Sedegi, xolo sulierad da kulturulad, 

afxazeTi, e.i. dasavleT saqarTvelo, IX-X saukuneebSic qarTlia, afxazeTis 

samefos udidesi Zlierebis drosac ki. es, rogorc grigol xanZTelis 

cxovrebidan Cans, cnobilia ara marto qarTuli da saeklesio politikuri 

wreebisaTvis, aramed ierusalimis sapatriarqosTvisac, romelic avalde-


jafariZe 

bulebs afxazeTis sakaTalikosos, mironi miiRos qarTlis sakaTalikosodan. 

es sakiTxi ganxilulia qvemoT. 

qveynis zogadi mdgomareoba VIII-X saukuneebSi 

juanSeri gadmogvcems, rom arabTa SemosevebiT Sewuxebulma mefe stefanozma 

Tavisi samefo saganZuri Suaze gahyo. erTi naxevari gadaitana 

Tavisi samefos dasavleT nawilSi _ egrisSi, egrisSive Tan waiyvana Tavisi 

pirmSo _ taxtis memkvidre mihri. saganZuris meore naxevari misca umcros 

vaJs arCils, romelmac es ganZi gadaitana qveynis aRmosavleT nawilSi da 

iq dafla (Seinaxa). ganZis nawili gorSic Seinaxa, xolo saeklesio sagan- 

Zuri mTliani saqarTvelosi (yovlisa qarTlisa) dafles mcxeTaSi. male 

arCilic egrisSi gadavida. 

736-38 wlebSi saqarTveloSi murvan yru SemoiWra. saqarTvelos mTavrebi 

da erisTavebic ki kavkasiis mTebis tyeebSi da RreebSi imalebodnen. 

`da yovelni mTavarni da pitiaxSni naTesavni erisTavTa da warCinebul- 

Tani Seimeotnes kavkasiad da daimalnes tyeTa da RreTa da movlo yruman 

yoveli kavkasia... Semusrna yovelni qalaqni da umravlesni cixeni sazRvar- 

Ta qarTlisaTa~. 27 

rogorc aRiniSna, am dros sazRvari qarTlisa (anu saqarTvelosi) gadioda 

klisuraze da egrisi qarTlis mefeTa samefoSi Sedioda. 

murvan yrum, roca gaigo, rom qarTlis mefeebi egrisidan afxazeTSi 

gadavidnen, gahyva maT kvals da bizantiis sazRvrebSi (romelic im dros 

klisuras marjvena sanapiroze mdebareobda) gadavida. `Sevlo yruman klisura, 

romel mas Jamsa iyo sazRvari saberZneTisa da saqarTveloAsa~. 28 

RvTis SewevniT, murvan yrus laSqari Seimusra qarTvel mefeTa xeliT. 

wyaldidobisagan Zaladakargulma arabebma datoves saqarTvelo. arabTa 

ukuqceviT gaxarebuli bizantiis imperatori swers Tavis moxeles, afxaze- 

Tis mmarTvels, erisTav leons Semdegi saxis brZaneba-miTiTebas _ Cven 

xSirad varRvevdiT da varRvevT qarTlis samefos sazRvrebs (romelic im 

dros gadioda mdinare klisuraze). amJamad mahmadianTa Semosevebis gamo, 

unda gavixsenoT, Tu rogor gvarges da Tanagvidgnen qarTlis axlandeli 

mefeebi, unda gavixsenoT is Zveli saqmeni, rac maT mefeebs gaukeTebiaT 

bizantiis imperiis sasargeblod, amitomac gibrZaneb, ar daarRvio qarTlisa 

da bizantiis sazRvari, romelic gadis egrisSi _ `yovladve sazRvarTa 

qarTlisasTa Cvengan qmnil ase vneba da mefeTa maTTagan Cvenda momarT 

Tanadgoma da rgeba. aw ese mesame msaxureba da rgeba dadves CvenTana... 

keTilad pativscemdi mefeTa da erTa magaT qarTlisaTa, da amieriTgan 

nuRaramca xelgewifebis vnebad maTda da sazRvarTa maTTa egrisaTa~. 29 

imperatori Tavis erisTavs ubrZanebs: `keTilad pativscemdi... erTa magaT 

qarTlisaTa~. Cans, `qarTlis erSi~ keisari gulisxmobs mdinare klisuras


istoria 

491 

aqeT mcxovreb mosaxleobas, radgan swored am mdinareze gadioda egrisSi 

is sazRvari bizantiisa, romlis gadalaxvac man aukrZala afxazeTis erisTavs. 

mcxeTa isea dangreuli arabebis Semosevis gamo da qarTli mooxrebuli, 

rom egrisSi gadasuli `mefe~ stefanozis gvami mcxeTaSi, sagvareulo saflavze 

ver dakrZales. igi quTaisSi dakrZales _ qveynis axal politikur 

centrSi. is gamxdara samefo dinastiis axali samkvidro da imis dasamtkiceblad, 

anu `sawameblad~, rom is mcxeTis magieri `samkvidro~ iyo, mefemTavari 

stefanozi am centrSi, quTaisSi dakrZales. `saydarsa quTaissa, 

raTa ipovos igi sawameblad samkvidrosa Cvenisa~. 30 

quTaisi qarTlis samefos axal dedaqalaqad iqca. SeuZlebelia, am dros 

quTaisis saydari, sadac mefe dakrZales, ar yofiliyo qarTuli eklesiis 

iurisdiqciaSi. 

arCil qarTlis mefes sauxucesod (anu samefo domenad _ saufliswulod) 

mefe miris anderZiT, ergo dasavleT saqarTvelo. 

amave anderZiT, axal mefe arCils `qveyanani qarTlisani~ orad unda 

gaeyo. erT-erTi nawili unda mieca miris qaliSvilebisaTvis, meore Tvi- 

Tonve unda daetovebina. arCils Sexvda dasavleT saqarTvelos kuTxeebi. 

sikvdilis win miri eubneba arCils: `...ganuyavi maT qveyanani qarTlisani, 

naxevari Sen da naxevari maT... gqondes sauxucesod: egrisi, svaneTi, Tavkveri, 

argveTi da guria~, aqedan aSkaraa, rom dasavleT saqarTvelo qarTlis 

samefos nawilia. 

arabTagan dapyrobili Tbilisis nacvlad, qarTlis mefeebs quTaisi 

dedaqalaqad miaCniaT. arCili eubneba sakuTriv afxazeTis erisTav leons: 

`...aw uwyies Seneba adgilTa CvenTa klisuriTgan aRmarT. warval da dave- 

Senebi cixe-gojs da quTaiss...~ 31 

arCilis gancxadeba àw uwyies Seneba adgilTa CvenTa klisurTagan aRmarT~ 

niSnavda imas, rom arabTa mier darbeuli qarTlis samefoSi Senelebula 

dampyrobTa gamanadgurebeli moqmedeba, ris Sedegadac, samefoSi dawyebula 

aRmSeneblobiTi procesi. qarTlis samefo swored `klisuriTgan 

aRmarT~ iwyeboda. mdinare klisuris marcxena napiridan iwyeboda qarTlis 

qveyanani _ egrisi, guria, argveTi, svaneTi, Tavkveri. 

arCil mefe Tavis samefoSi Semaval qveynad miiCnevs dasavleT saqarTvelos 

da ucxadebs sakuTriv afxazeTis erisTavs _ `warval da daveSenebi 

cixe-gojs da quTaiss~. sakuTriv afxazeTi ki, mdinare klisuras marjvena 

sanapirodan iwyeboda. 

arCilis gardacvalebis Semdeg, umalve, dasavleTi saqarTvelo, anu qarTlis 

samefos is nawili, romelic mdinare klisuras marcxena sanapirodan iwyeboda, 

Tavis samTavros SeuerTa sakuTriv afxazeTis erisTavma da dasavleT saqarTvelos 

ewoda afxazeTi. imitom, rom am qveyanas marTavda dinastia, romlis 

tituli iyo àfxazTa erisTavi~, e.i. dasavleTi saqarTvelo politikurad iqca


jafariZe 

àfxazeTad~, xolo manamde saqarTvelos am nawils politikurad ewodeboda 

`qarTli~. misi mpyrobeli iyo qarTlis samefo saxli. dasavleT saqarTvelos 

manamde marTavda _ `qarTlis mefe~, anu `qarTvelTa mefe~. 

ra mizeziTac dasavleT saqarTvelos afxazTa erisTavis mier `dapyrobis~ 

Semdeg ewoda àfxazeTi~, im mizeziT mas iq qarTlis mefeTa batonobis 

dros ewodeboda `qarTli~. Secdomaa amJamad sayovelTaod miRebuli azri, 

TiTqosda am mxares qarTli ewoda IX-X saukuneebSi. sinamdvileSi, piriqiT 

iyo. uZvelesi droidan swored VIII saukunis bolomde ewodeboda am qveyanas 

qarTli, IX-X saukuneebSi ki mas afxazeTi ewodeboda. amis miuxedavado, 

wers giorgi merCule, Tumca, dasavleT saqarTvelos amJamad afxazeTi ewodeba, 

is Tavisi arsiT qarTlia, qarTvelTa qveyanaa, radganac Zveleburadve aq 

RvTismsaxureba qarTul enaze aResrulebao. 

àfxazTa samefo~ Seiqmna qarTlis samefos teritoriis nawilze. amis 

Semdeg dasavleT saqarTvelos politikurad aRarasodes ewodeboda `qarTli~, 

politikurad is àfxazeTi~ iyo. erTiani qarTuli samefos Seqmnis 

Semdeg ki _ dasavleT-aRmosavleT saqarTvelos ukve ewodeboda ara `qarTli~, 

aramed `saqarTvelo~. wina saukuneebisagan gansxvavebiT, X-XI saukuneebSi 

`qarTli~ geografiuli termini gaxda, Tumca, unda iTqvas, rom, marTalia, 

VIII saukunis Semdeg dasavleT saqarTvelos politikurad `qarTli~ 

ar ewodeboda, magram kulturulad mas zogjer Zveleburadve `qarTls~ 

uwodebdnen. swored am kulturul `qarTlzea~ giorgi merCulis Txzuleba- 

Si naTqvami _ `qarTlad friadi queyanaA aRiracxebis, romelsaca Sina 

qarTuliTa eniTa Jami Seiwirvis, da locvani aResrulebis~. aq `qarTlSi~ 

igulisxmeba `dasavleT saqarTvelo~, magram ara politikuri, aramed kulturuli 

mniSvnelobiT. politikurad, am Txzulebis daweris dros, dasavle- 

Ti saqarTvelo afxazeTia. sakulto msaxurebam, eklesiam Tavisi tradiciebisadmi 

erTgulebis gamo, ar Secvala `qarTlis~ VIII saukunemdeli gageba 

da X saukuneSic ki dasavleT saqarTvelos `qarTls~ uwodebda. 

cnobilia, rom teritoria, romelsac sakuTriv àfxazeTi~ ewodeba, adre 

Sedioda bizantiis imperiaSi. mas qarTvelebi saberZneTs uwodebdnen. sazRvari 

`saqarTvelosa da saberZneTs~ Soris mdinare klisuraze gadioda. 

imis Semdeg, rac arCilis dros bizantia dasustda, mdinare klisura gadaiqca 

sazRvrad qarTlis samefosa da sakuTriv afxazeTis saerisTavos, e.i. 

saberZneTs Soris. 

afxazeTis erisTavi arCils ucxadebs _ àmieriTgan ars ese mamulobiT 

samkvidrebel Cemda klisuriTgan, vidre mdinaremde did xazareTad~, e.i. 

afxazeTis saerisTavos sazRvrebi gadis: samxreTiT _ mdinare klisura, 

xolo CrdiloeTiT mdinare yubani, anu `mcirisa xazareTisa~ wyali. 

afxazeTis am saerisTavos Semqneli leoni male danaTesavebis gziT 

xdeba memkvidre dasavleT saqarTvelos `sauxucesosi~ _ `qarTlis same-


istoria 

493 

fos~ nawilisa, rac ase momxdara: qarTlis mefe mirma Tavisi samefos orad 

gayofis Semdeg, samefos erTi naxevari _ dasavleT saqarTvelo `sauxucesod~ 

gadasca Tavis Zma arCils, xolo meore naxevari gaunawila qarTlisave 

erisTavebs _ guaram kurapalatis erT-erT STamomavals, ferozis naTesav 

pitiaxSs, nerses nersesians, adarnase adarnasians, varazmans, juanSers juanSerians, 

romelTac Tavisi qaliSvilebi miaTxova. 

mefe miris anderZis Tanaxmad, misi qaliSvilebi mxolod qarTlis erisTavebs 

unda SeerToT. ucxo qveynels ufleba ar hqonda siZeobisa. afxazeTis 

erisTavs surda mefe miris qaliSvilis SerTva, magram afxazeTi sazRvris 

gadaRma mdebareobda, amitomac leoni ar iTvleboda qarTlis erisTavad 

da mas ufleba ar hqonda siZeobisa. 

mefe miris anderZi arCilisadmi aseTia: _ àra mivis Ze wuli Svilad 

mkvidrad, aramed misxen Svidni qalni. aw Sen xar mkvidri saxlisagan 

mefobisa Cvenisa... da Cven Semcirebul varT, rameTu Sen xar ucolo da me 

var uZeo. aw radgan moyvanian mamaTa CvenTa colni asulni erisTavTa 

CvenTani, miscen maT asulni Cemni da ganuyven qveyanani qarTlisani: naxevari 

Sen da naxevari maT. xolo sauxucesod romel mqonda, momicemia Senda da 

gqondes sauxucesod: egrisi, svaneTi, Takveri, argveTi da guria. xolo 

klarjeTi da SuamTiuleTi miec asulTa CemTa~. 32 

e.i. anderZi aseTi Sinaarsisaa: marTalia, Cveni samefo saxlis siZlieris 

dros Cveni winaprebi irTavdnen ucxo mefeTa asulebs, magram dauZlurebis 

Semdeg winamorbedi mefeebi Cvenive (qarTlis) erisTavebis asulebs irTavdnen, 

amitomac amJamadac ase moiqec _ SerTe Cemi asulebi Cvensave (qarTlisave) 

erisTavebs da ganuyavi maT Cemi samefoo. dasavleTi saqarTvelo, romelic 

adre mefe miris sauxuceso iyo, arCils gadaeca. 

mefe arCilma ganaxorciela anderZi. mefe miris qaliSvilebi SerTo 

qarTlisave erisTavebs da `ganuyo maT qveyanani qarTlisani~. 

am proceduris damTavrebisTanave arCil mefesTan TxovniT midis sakuTriv 

afxazeTis erisTavi leoni. Txovs, raTa arCil mefem miiRos rogorc Tavisi 

`mona~. konteqstidan Cans, rom iTxovs CarTos qarTlis erisTavTa siaSi 

da miaTxovon mas mefe miris erT-erTi qaliSvili. 

juanSeri wers _ rogorc ki arCilma miris qaliSvilebi SerTo qarTlis 

erisTavebs da amiT es erisTavebi Tavis `Svilebad da Zmebad hyo~, maSinve 

afxazTa erisTavi leoni mefes ucxadebs: _ `...ars ese mamulobiT samkvidrebel 

Cemda: _ klisuriTgan, vidre mdinaremde didad xazareTad, sada 

daswvdebis wveri kavkasiisa. SemrTe meca monaTa SenTa Tana, romelni ese 

dRes Rirs yven Svilad da Zmad Senda. ara minda nawili Sengan, aramed Cemica 

ese Senadve iyos, maSin misca leons colad Zmiswuli misi guranduxt...~. 33 

juanSeri iyo erT-erTi siZe arCilisa, romelic TviTmxilveli da msmeneli 

yofila Tavismierve matianeSi moTxrobili ambisa. juanSeris Tanaxmad,


jafariZe 

moxda aseTi saxis politikuri garigeba _ erisTavma leonma Tavisi samTavro 

Seiyvana arCilis samefoSi _ `Cemica ese klisuriTgan mdinaremde mcirisa 

xazareTisa Senadve iyos~, samagierod, arCilma mas miaTxova mefis qaliSvili, 

aqcia is Tavis `Svilad da Zmad~, misca mas Zveli samefo gvirgvini. am 

gziT afxazeTis erisTavi qarTlis samefo taxtis erT-erT memkvidred, 

samefo saxlis Svilad iqca. 

ivane javaxiSvili wers, rom juanSerso `...VII-VIII s.s. Sesaxeb ufro 

sayuradRebo cnobebi moepoveba~. 34 marTalia, iv. javaxiSvils ar sjera, rom 

juanSerma aRwera vaxtang gorgaslis cxovreba, rac sruliad SesaZlebelia, 

radganac `qarTlis cxovrebis~ Tanaxmad, juanSerma vaxtangis cxovreba 

ki ar aRwera, aramed `...vaxtang mefisiTgan vidre aqamomde aRwera juanSer 

juanSerianmao~. 35 

e.i. juanSeris matiane Seicavda ara gorgaslis cxovrebas, aramed mis 

Semdeg, VII-VIII saukuneTa aRweras. 

unda iTqvas, rom `qarTlis cxovrebis~ Tanaxmad, `qarTvelTa cxovreba 

vidre vaxtangisamde aRiwereboda JamiTi-Jamad~, xolo vaxtang gorgaslis 

cxovrebis avtori cnobili ar yofila. 

leonti mroveli ki mxolod redaqtor-aRmwereli yofila da ara avtori 

`mefeTa cxovrebisa~ da `ninos mier qarTlis moqcevisa~. am TxzulebaTa 

avtorTa vinaoba ar scodniaT, magram scodniaT, rom isini drodadro, Jami- 

Ti Jamad iwereboda qronikebis saxiT. leonti mroveli mxolod arCil 

mefis wamebis momTxrobeli orfurcliani Txzulebis avtoria da redaqtori 

mTeli wignisa. 

juanSeris Tanaxmad, TiToeul qarTlis erisTav-siZes Sexvda qarTlis 

samefos romelime nawili samemkvidreod. yovel siZes amis Semdeg potenciurad 

SeeZlo Tavisi Tavi qarTlis samefo taxtis memkvidred gamoecxadebina. 

erT aseT memkvidred iqca leon afxazTa erisTavi. teritoria mdinare 

klisuriTgan mdinare yubanamde leon erisTavis surviliT Sevida `qarTlis 

samefoSi~. aRsaniSnavia, rom leon erisTavamde es teritoria `bizantiis 

imperiaSi~ Sedioda. am aqtis Semdeg, rac leonma mefis asuli 

guranduxti SeirTo, afxazTa erisTavi iqca arCilis sauxuceso dasavleT 

saqarTvelos erTaderT kanonier memkvidred, radganac arCils im dros 

Svilebi ar hyavda. yvela sxva memkvidre siZe-erisTavi aRmosavleT saqarTvelo- 

Si cxovrobda, miT umetes, rom arCilma leons uboZa samefo niSani _ 

`gvirgvini romeli berZenTa mefesa warmoeca mirisaTvis~. qarTlis mefis, 

miris, samefo gvirgvini mefis asulis, guranduxtis meuRlis, leonis, sakuTreba 

gaxda. afxazTa erisTavebi qarTlis mefeTa ojaxis wevrebi da taxtis 

memkvidreni gaxdnen, iseve rogorc sxva siZe-erisTavebi. 

mkvlevarebi miiCneven, rom qarTlis cxovrebaSi gadmocemuli mefe miris 

da arCilis mier saqarTvelos samefos dayofa warmoadgens ara realur


istoria 

495 

aRweras, aramed legendas, romelic Seiqmna saqarTvelos erisTavTa wreSi 

maTi interesebis dakmayofilebis mizniT. cnobili mkvlevari wers _ `mkvlevarebi 

usafuZvlod ar Tvlian, rom es legenda aRmocenda qarTvel 

erisTavTa wreSi da mimarTuli iyo im mZafri brZolis sawinaaRmdegod, 

romelsac centraluri xelisufleba eweoda separatist feodalTa sawinaaRmdegod 

X-XI saukuneebSi erTiani monarqiis SeqmnisaTvis~. 36 àm pirobebSi 

Seiqmna kidec legenda mefe arCilis `reformebis~ Sesaxeb, arsi romlisa 

imaSi iyo, rom TiTqosda arCilma jer kidev VIII saukuneSi, Tavis Zmis, miris 

anderZis Tanaxmad, miaTxova misi qaliSvilebi erisTavebs da mziTvis saxiT 

misca maT saqarTvelos naxevari~. 37 

davuSvaT, arCilisa da miris mier qarTlis samefos dayofa da gadacema 

Svid siZe-erisTavze, marTlac legendaa da is warmoiSva erTiani monarqiis 

sawinaaRmdegod, separatist erisTavTa moZraobis gasamarTleblad. am 

SemTxvevaSi auxsneli rCeba yvelaze arsebiTi da mTavari, kerZod, legendis 

mixedviT, miris eqvsi qaliSvili miaTxoves aRmosavleT saqarTvelos 

erisTavebs, xolo erTi _ afxazeTis erisTavs, amitomac legendis Tanaxmad, 

rogori uflebac aqvT aRmosavleT saqarTvelos erisTavebs qarTlis samefo 

taxtze, igive ufleba aqvs afxazeTis erisTavs. aqedan gamodinare, afxazTa 

mefeebs ufleba hqondaT elaSqraT tao-klarjeTSi, Sida qarTlsa Tu 

kaxeTSi _ qarTlis samefo taxtze Tavisi memkvidreobiTi uflebis ganxorcielebis 

mizniT, rasac marTlac hqonda adgili. 

afxazTa mefeebi mudmivad laSqrobdnen Sida qarTlSi, saqarTvelos 

sxva kuTxeebSi, `legendis SemTxzvel~ erisTavebis mamulSi, itacebdnen maT 

samkvidrebels da uerTebdnen TavianT samefos. aSkarad Cans, rom Tu `legenda 

SeTxzulia~ qarTlis erisTavTa wreSi, igi ver asrulebda Tavis 

daniSnulebas. 

Tu davuSvebT, rom legenda marTlac SeiTxza, unda vifiqroT, rom igi 

afxazTa mefeebis karze, maTi aRmosavluri laSqrobebis gamarTlebis 

mizniT SeiTxza, magram CvenTvis am SemTxvevaSi mTavaria is, rom Zveli 

wyaroebis Tanaxmad, afxazeTis mefeebs hqondaT erTiani saqarTvelos samefo 

taxtze pretendentobis kanonieri, memkvidreobiT miRebuli ufleba. 

rogorc aRvniSneT, leon I-ma politikuri mosazrebiT Tavisi samTavro 

afxazeTi iuridiulad SeuerTa qarTlis samefos, raTa amiT mieRo ufleba 

qarTlis erisTavis titulis tarebisa da mefis memkvidre asulis SerTvisa. 

guranduxtis SerTvis Semdeg, marTlac, mTel dasavleT saqarTveloSi samefo 

taxtis ori kanonieri memkvidre aRmoCnda _ mefis Zma arCili da mefis 

qaliSvili guranduxti, aRmosavleTSi ki ufro meti. arCili uSvilo iyo im 

dros, amitomac guranduxts (leonis meuRles) arCilis aRmosavleT saqarTvelo- 

Si (kaxeTSi) gadasvlis Semdeg SeeZlo kanonierad emarTa mTeli saqarTvelo. 

guranduxtis meuRles, leon I-s, davalebulic eqneboda arCilisagan es. 

arCilma mas xelisuflebis niSani _ samefo gvirgvini uboZa.


jafariZe 

aRmosavleT saqarTveloSi arCils SeeZina ori vaJi. aqedan erT-erTi, 

ioane, gadadis dasavleT saqarTveloSi. ioane arCilis Ze, cxadia, amis 

Semdeg aris `mpyrobeli~ mmarTveli am mxarisa, magram saqarTvelos verc 

erT kuTxeSi arabTa Zalebi ver iTmenen qarTlis samefo taxtis pirdapiri 

memkvidreebis gaZlierebas. amis Sesaxeb mematiane wers: _ ùkeTu vinme 

gamoCndis SvilTa Soris vaxtangisaTa, romelica Rirs iyo mefed, iqmnis 

Semcrobil sarkinozTagan~, amitomac, unda vifiqroT, rom mterTagan Zaladakarguli 

ioane arCilis Ze xosroian-gorgasliani _ dasavleT saqarTvelos 

kanonieri `mpyrobeli~, ufro TanammarTveli, anu ufro sworad, formaluri 

mmarTveli iqneboda, xolo leon I _ faqtobrivi mmarTveli. leons 

arabebi ar sdevnian, da rac mTavaria, mas xazarTa samxedro da politikuri 

mxardaWera aqvs, xazarebi ki arabTa tolfardi da arabTa mowinaaRmdege 

Zala iyo amierkavkasiis arenaze. amitomac, ioanes gardacvalebisTanave 

gaerTianebuli egris-afxazeTis `mpyrobeli~ xdeba ara ioanes STamomavali, 

aramed leon I-is STamomavali _ leon II. leon II-is Sesaxeb 

wers mematiane _ `dai pyra afxazeTi da egrisi vidre lixamde~. aq `daipyra~ 

niSnavs ara ZaliT dapyrobas, aramed imas, rom afxazeT-egrisis TviTmpyrobeli 

mmarTveli gaxda leon II, nacvlad ioanes STamomavlebisa. ioanes 

STamomavlebs am politikur erTeulze igive ufleba hqondaT, rac leons, 

radganac oriveni qarTlis mefe miris kanonieri politikuri memkvidreebi 

iyvnen. swored am `kanonierebis~ gamo, afxazeT-egrisis samefos Seqmnas, anu 

leonis mier dasavleT saqarTvelos `dapyrobas~ ar gamouwvevia araviTari 

winaaRmdegoba qveynis SigniT, radganc moxda `dapyroba~ ara ZaliT, aramed 

moxda erTi mmarTveli dinastiis Secvla meore kanonieri mmarTveli dinastiiT. 

dapyrobas, am sityvis Tanamedrove gagebiT, adgili ar hqonia. 

g. wulaia wers: àseT dapyrobas adgili rom hqonoda, maSin bunebrivia, 

mas ar SeeZlo ar gamoewvia sapasuxo reaqcia egrisis mxridan _ amitomac 

`matiane qarTlisaASi~ aRwerili ambavi kvalificirebul unda iqnas, rogorc 

mSvidobiani SeerTeba egrisisa da afxazeTisa. da moxda es, rogorc Cans, 

jer kidev VIII saukunis 80-ian wlebSi, sakuTriv afxazeTis samefos Seqmnamde~. 

38 marTlac, afxazeT-qarTlis SeerTeba moxda jer kidev afxazeTis 

samefos warmoqmnamde, ris Sesaxebac mogviTxrobs `matiane qarTlisaA~, ufro 

dawvrilebiT ki juanSeri. qarTlSi im dros egrisic Sedioda, amitomac 

qarTlisa da afxazeTis SeerTeba, imavdroulad afxazeT-egrisis SeerTebasac 

gulisxmobda da es afxazeTis samefos Seqmnamde moxda. leon II-m 

miiRo afxazeTis mefis tituli, dasavleT saqarTvelos ewoda afxazeTi, 

mmarTveli dinastiis warmomavlobis mixedviT. 

àfxazTa samefos~ daarsebis Sesaxeb ivane javaxiSvili wers: `VIII saukuneSi 

bizantia dasustebuli iyo arabebTan brZolisa da Sinauri saeklesio uTanxmoebisa 

da gamwvavebuli brZolis gamo xatebis Tayvanismcemlebsa da uarmy-


istoria 

497 

ofelTa Soris. amiT usargeblia afxazeTis imdroindel erisTavs ... leon 

I gamefebula 746 wels da umefia 791 wlamde... am drois ganmavlobaSi 

qarTlSi arabTa mkacri batonobis qveS erisTavobdnen jer nerse, xolo mis 

Semdgom stefanozi, Ze gurgenisa. VIII saukunis ukanasknel meoTxedSi ki 

erisTavad qarTlSi aSot didi yofila, magram raki qarTlSi arabebi xangrZliv 

mSvidobianad aravis aboginebdnen, verc qarTlis erisTavma aSot 

kurapalatma (786-826) gauZlo... igi daesaxla artanujSi da `misca RmerTma 

gamarjveba da axelmwifa igi SavSeT-klrjeTsa zeda~... `berZenTa mefeman 

miuboZa kurapalatoba aSots~. 39 

`...swored am dros, rogorc etyoba, kaxeTis mTavari grigoli daZrula da 

qarTlis erTi nawili, qsnis xeoba da qsnis dasavleTiT mdebare Sida 

qarTli daupyria... amitom `gamoilaSqra aSot kurapalatman da uSvela 

Teodosi afxazTa mefeman, Zeman meoris leonisaman, romeli igi iyo siZe 

aSot kurapalatisa~. 40 es ambavi 791-818 w. Sua unda momxdariyo. 

magram arc aSot kurapalatis gamarjveba da batonoba yofila qarTlSi 

xangrZlivi: `movida xalid iazidis Ze arabi da daipyra somxiTi, qarTli 

da hereTi... gaqceuls kurapalats arabebi kvaldakval daedevnen, moewivnen 

da 29 ianvars 826 wels eklesiaSi zed sakurTxevelze maxvliT mohkles~. 41 

853 wels SemoiWra buRa Turqi da Tbilisi gadawva. `...bagrat kurapalati 

moxerxebulad iqceoda da arabebis urTierTSoris mtrobiTa da uTanxmoebiT 

TavisTvis sargeblobda. magram Tu arabebis Zalis daxmarebiTa da mfarvelobiT 

bagrat kurapalati kargad afarToebda Tavis samflobelos da amave 

dros, afxazTa mefis moZraobas aRmosavleTisaken gzaze eRobeboda, calke 

TviTon SavSeT-klarjeTis batons misi winaaRmdegobis gaweva ar SeeZlo. aki 

amitomac iyo, rom `mas Jamsa Sina gamovida igi afxazTa mefe giorgi Zma 

Teodoresi da dimitrisi, Ze leonisa, daipyra qarTli da dauteva erisTavad 

Cixa Ze dimitrisi~ da bagrati iZlebuli iyo gaCumebuliyo~. 43 

IX saukunis meore naxevarsa da X saukunis dasawyisSi ara marto qvemo 

qarTli _ Tbilisis samxreTiT myofi teritoria, aramed qarTlis centraluri 

nawili, Sida qarTli, xSirad somxeTis `samefoSi~ SehyavdaT da 

mas somexi mmarTvelebi marTavdnen. sakiTxavia, qarTvel qalkedonitTa da 

qarTuli eklesiis mdgomareoba, qarTlze somex monofizitTa da arab musulmanTa 

batonobis dros, miT umetes, rom am droisaTvis amierkavkasiis arabTa 

mier dapyrobil nawilSi Seqmnili iyo administraciuli erTeuli àrmeniis~ 

saxelwodebiT. am erTeulSi qarTlic Sedioda da mas zogjer arabTa 

nacvlad, erovnebiT somxebi marTavdnen. 

891 wels adarnase kurapalati, qarTvelTa mefe, somexTa mefis biZam 

abasma gzad mimavali Seipyro. 

`904 wels `gamovida konstantine afxazTa mefe~ da `daipyra qarTli~, 

romelic am dros qarTlis aznaurebis xelT iyo. amis gamo `daemtera


jafariZe 

somexT mefe sumbat tiezerakali da moilaSqra spiTa didiTa da moadga 

ufliscixesa... da wariRes cixe xerxiTa~. 

somxebs ufliscixe auRiaT. 

`konstantine afxazTa mefe... miuval 

adgilebSi Seixizna, magram 

raki mokavSireni mis sabrZanebels 

aoxrebdnen, isev dazaveba airCia 

da sumbats mociqulebi miugzavna. 

somexTa mefem Tavis mxriv warmomadgenlad 

zavis pirobaze mosalaparakeblad 

somexi didebulebi 

gagzavna. roca afxazTa mefe 

konstantine maTTan saubriT garTuli 

iyo, somexTa didebulebi adarnase 

qarTvelTa mefis brZanebisamebr 

moulodnelad miscvivdnen konstantines da daatyveves. ueWvelia, am 

veragi ganzraxvis monawile somexTa mefe unda yofiliyo. somexTa mefem 

igi anisSi gagzavna~. 44 

somex monofizitTa Sida da qvemo qarTlze zegavlenis gaZlierebis 

dros, arabTa mxardaWeriT, qarTuli eklesiis qalkedonurma centrebma IX- 

X saukuneebSi gadainacvla mesxeTsa da dasavleT saqarTveloSi. dasavleT 

saqarTveloSi mainc qarTuli eklesiis pozicia ise Zlieri ar iyo, rogorc 

mesxeTSi, radganac dasavleT saqarTveloSi bizantias Tavisi berZnulenovani 

saepiskoposoebi hqonda daarsebuli. afxazTa mefeebma Tavis upirveles 

saqmed aqcies TavianT samefoSi berZnuli saepiskoposoebis gauqmeba 

da maT nacvlad qarTuli saepiskoposoebis daarseba. mesxeTSi ki imis 

Semdeg, rac iq tao-klarjeTis `qarTvelTa samefo~ daarsda, qarTulma 

qalkedonurma eklesiam frTebi gaSala. amis Semdeg IX-X saukuneebSi aq 

sarwmuneobiT `somexi~, magram erovnebiT qarTveli mosaxleoba ubrundeboda 

Tavis deda-qarTulenovan eklesias. aseTi `sarwmunoebiT somexTa~ (grigol 

bakurianis mier gamoyenebuli terminia _ `sarwmunoebiT somexi~) raodenoba 

mkvidr qarTul mosaxleobaSi arc Tu ise mcire iqneboda, Tu gaviTvaliswinebT, 

rom taosa da klarjeTze VI-VII saukuneebSi rogorc somxuri monofizituri, 

ise somxuri qalkedonituri eklesiebi hegemonobdnen, qarTuli eklesiis mna- 

Tobis, wmida mama grigol xanZTelis da misi mowafeebis dros ufalma RmerTma 

aayvava da gaaZliera qarTuli eklesia tao-klarjeTSi. 

dasavleT saqarTveloSi damoukidebeli àfxazTa samefos~ daarsebas, 

saeklesio kanonebis Tanmaxmad, unda gamoewvia da gamoiwvia kidec am saxelmwifoSi 

TavisTavadi eklesiis daarseba. afxazeTis sakaTalikosos daarsebis 

politikuri safuZveli iyo afxazeTis samefo. VIII saukunidan afxaze-


istoria 

499 

Tis qarTuli sakaTalikoso ukve arsebobs. IX saukuneSi misi arseboba 

aRiara `qarTvelTa mefem~. 

qarTlis yofili samefos teritoriis nawilze, afxazeTis samefos warmoqmnis 

Semdeg, iq TavisTavadi eklesiis daarsebas araviTari garTuleba da 

winaaRmdegoba ar unda gamoewvia aRmosavleT saqarTvelos saeklesio moRvaweTa 

mxridan, radganac qalkedonisa da sxva msoflio krebaTa Tanaxmad, 

eklesiis iurisdiqciis sazRvrebi unda emTxveodes saxelmwifo _ administraciul 

sazRvrebs. amitomac, Tu saeklesio moRvaweni cnobdnen afxazeTis 

damoukidebeli saxelmwifos arsebobas, kidevac unda ecnoT am saxelmwifo- 

Si TavisTavadi afxazeTis qarTuli sakaTalikosos arseboba. 

VIII-X saukuneebSi qarTlis sakaTalikosos Sesaxeb unda iTqvas Semdegi: 

rogorc aRvniSneT, TavisTavadi da avtokefaluri eklesiis politikuri 

safuZveli iyo saxelmwifo, romlis sazRvrebs SigniTac eklesia Tavis 

iurisdiqcias axorcielebda. am Teoriidan gamomdinare, tao-klarjeTis 

`qarTvelTa samefos~ Seqmnas TiTqosda tao-klarjeTSi avtokefaluri eklesiis 

Seqmna unda gamoewvia. mkvlevarTa erTi nawili aviTarebda kidec 

am Teorias da amtkicebdnen, rom `qarTlis cxovrebaSi~ aRwerili avtokefaliis 

dadasturebani VIII saukuneSi, qarTuli eklesiisadmi antioqiis 

sapatriarqos mier, Seexeboda ara mcxeTis sakaTalikosos, aramed taoklarjeTis 

avtokefalur eklesias. Cans, aseTi mosazrebani arasworia. 

`qarTlis cxovreba~ gadmogvcems, rom tao-klarjeTis `qarTvelTa samefo~ 

axalwarmoqmnili, axaldaarsebuli saxelmwifo ki ar iyo, Seqmnili VIII- 

IX saukuneebSi, aramed warmoadgenda im `qarTlis samefos~ memkvidres, 

romelic daaarsa farnavaz mefem. Zvel istorikosTa Tanaxmad, `qarTvelTa 

samefo~, romelic realurad im dros samxreT saqarTveloSi, taosa da 

klarjeTSi arsebobda, igive Zveli samefo iyo xosroian-farnavazian-gorgaslianTa, 

mxolod am samefos mmarTveli Zveli dinastiebi axalma, bagrationTa 

dinastiam Secvala. 

`qarTvelTa mefeebi~ ara marto tao-klarjeTis mefeebs ewodebodaT, aramed 

Zveli `qarTlis samefos~ farnavazian-xosroian-gorgaslian mefeebs, maT 

Soris, ukanasknel xosroian mefes, arCil II-sac. ase rom, bagrationebis 

`qarTvelTa samefo~ ara axali, aramed Zveli samefos politikuri memkvidre 

iyo. 

zemoT moyvanilis gamo, radganac `qarTvelTa samefo~ VIII-X saukuneebSi 

warmoadgenda igive Zveli `qarTlis samefos~, amitomac iq axali avtokefaluri 

eklesia ki ar daarsda, aramed Zveli qarTlis sakaTalikoso 

kvlavindeburad, Zveleburadve axorcielebda Tavis iurisdiqcias tao-klarjeTze 

da saerTod Tavis Zvel iurisdiqciisqveSa teritoriebze. aRsaniSnavia, 

rom yvela xelisufali dinastia VIII-X saukuneebSi arsebuli qarTuli 

saxelmwifoebrivi erTeulebisa _ afxazeTis, tao-klarjeTisa, Tu kaxeT-


jafariZe 

hereTisa, TavianT dinastiebs warmosaxavdnen Zveli, erTiani qarTlis samefos 

mmarTveli farnavazian-gorgaslianebis memkvidreebad. es imas niSnavs, 

rom axali xelisufalni ar cnobdnen erTiani qarTlis samefos daSlas da 

pretenzia hqondaT gaeerTianebinaT mTeli saqarTvelo Zveli qarTlis samefos 

sazRvrebSi, Savi zRvidan alvaneTamde, TavianTi dinastiis meTaurobiT. 

VIII saukunis Semdeg qarTul eklesiaSi arsebobs ori qarTuli sakaTalikoso 

_ afxazeTis da qarTlis. amaTgan mcxeTis, anu qarTlis kaTalikosi 

ufros ùxuces~ kaTalikosad iTvleboda, xolo afxazeTisa _ umcros, anu 

ùmrwmes~ kaTalikosad. aseTi urTierTdamokidebuleba imiT iyo gamowveuli, 

rom mcxeTis, anu qarTlis kaTalikosi (igulisxmeba VIII-X saukuneebi) 

zis (ijda) mcxeTis kaTalikosis Zvel taxtze (igulisxmeba IV-V-VI-VII ss) 

romelic iurisdiqcias mTels qarTlze _ aRmosavleT-dasavleT 

saqarTveloze axorcielebda, amitomac VIII-X saukuneebSi mcxeTeli kaTalikosi 

Zveleburadve uflebis mqonea mTel qarTul eklesiaze, rogorc 

aRmosavleTSi, ise dasavleTSi. Tumca, am dros dasavleT saqarTveloSi 

ukve arsebobda afxazeTis sakaTalikoso. rogorc afxazTa kaTalikosi, ise 

dasavleT saqarTvelos saeklesio wreebi cnobdnen mcxeTis kaTalikosis 

uzenaesobas. 

or qarTvel kaTalikoss Soris ufros-umcrosobiTi urTierTdamokidebuleba 

iseTivea, rogorc `qarTvelTa~ mefesa da afxazTa mefes Soris. rogorc 

`qarTvelTa mefea~ ufrosi, xolo afxazTa mefe umrwmesi 45 (asea wyaroTa 

Tanaxmad), aseve `qarTlis~, anu mcxeTis kaTalikosi ufrosia, xolo afxazTa 

kaTalikosi _ umrwmesi, amas naTlad miuTiTebs grigol xanZTelis cxovreba. 

aq, kerZod, aRwerilia aseTi ambavi _ imis Semdeg, rac `qarTlis cxovrebis~ 

Tanaxmad, 830 wels `mefe~ bagrat kurapalatma cno (aRiara) _ `gaaCina da 

ganawesa kaTalikosi afxazeTs~, saWiro gaxda garkveuliyo mironis kurTxevis 

sakiTxi. arsebobda ori gza, _ mironi axali afxazeTis sakaTalikosos an 

TviTve unda ekurTxebina, anda mieRo sxva uzenaesi eklesiidan. 

sakiTxiT dainteresebul ierusalimis sapatriarqos gadauwyvetia ase: 

radganac dasavleTi saqarTvelo ZvelTaganve igive qarTlia, amitomac aq 

mironi ar unda ekurTxos, aramed afxazeTis sakaTalikosom mironi qarTlis 

sakaTalikosodan miiRoso. ase rom, qarTlis kaTalikosis uzenaesoba 

ucxoelebmac aRiares; _ àramed didi efrem mravlisa keTilisa momatyvebel 

iqmna qveyanasa Cvensa, rameTu pirvelad afxazeTisa (da ara àRmosavalisa~, 

rogorc Cans, SecdomiT dauweria gadamwers qaragma à-sa~-s gaxsnis dros) 

kaTalikosTa mihroni ierusalemiT mihyvanda. xolo efrem qristesmieriTa 

brZanebiTa mihronisa kurTxeva qarTls ganawesa ierusalimisa patriarqisa 

ganwesebiTa da wamebiTa sixaruliT. aramed qarTlad friadi qveyana aRiricxebis, 

romelsaca Sina qarTuliTa eniTa Jami Seiwirvis, locva yoveli 

aResrulebis~, _ wers giorgi merCule.


istoria 

501 

aqac gadmocemulia igive formula, romelzedac Cven vilaparakeT, rom 

Zvel qarTul wyaroTa Tanaxmad, qarTli mudam ZvelTaganve ewodeboda 

aRmosavleT-dasavleT saqarTvelos. giorgi merCule wers, rom marTalia, 

dasavleT saqarTveloSi daarsda afxazeTis sakaTalikoso, magram miuxedavad 

amisa, mainc dasavleTi saqarTvelo _ qarTlia, radganac aq qarTvelebi 

cxovroben da wirva-locvis ena qarTuli enaa. amis gamo, mcxeTis Zvel 

sakaTalikosos uzenaesoba aqvs afxazeTis axal sakaTalikosoze, afxazeTis 

kaTalikosi umrwmesia, qarTlisa _ uxucesi, amitom afxazeTma mironi qarTlidan 

unda miiRoso. 

afxazeTis sakaTalikosos daarseba 

qalkedonis IV msoflio krebis me-17 da sxva kanonebis Tanaxmad, eklesiis 

iurisdiqciis sazRvari unda emTxveodes saxelmwifo-administraciuls, 

anu yoveli saxelmwifos SigniT SeiZleba arsebobdes Tavisufali eklesia 

Tavisi iurisdiqciis sazRvrebiT. 

afxazeTis samefos _ damoukidebeli saxelmwifos daarsebam safuZveli 

daudo afxazeTis samefoSi Tavisufali qarTuli saeklesio erTeulis _ 

afxazeTis sakaTalikosos daarsebas. VII s-dan Seqmnili politikuri vi- 

Tarebis gamo, dasavleT saqarTvelos mrevli sxvadasxva saeklesio centrebs 

eqvemdebareboda, zRvis piras arsebobda lazikis _ foTis samitropolito. 

misi iurisdiqciis sazRvrebi aRmosavleTiT iyo skanda-Sorapnis 

xazi, CrdiloeTiT ki _ mdinare klisura. am mdinaris marjvena sanapiro, 

vidre jiqeTamde, abazgiis saarqiepiskoposoSi Sedioda, skanda-Sorapnis 

xazis aRmosavleTiT mdebare teritoria Sedioda mcxeTis sakaTalikosoSi, 

foTis samitropolitosa da abazgiis eklesiebi Sedioda konstantinopolis 

sapatriarqoSi. afxazeTis samefom am eklesiebis teritoriebi moicva, 

amitom, saWiro gaxda am samefoSi erTiani eklesiis daarseba da daarsda 

kidec afxazeTis qarTuli sakaTalikoso. is daarsebisTanave 750-ian wleb- 

Si cno antioqiis sapatriarqom da konstantinopolze misi damokidebuleba 

gaauqma, avtokefalia mianiWa mas. mcxeTis sakaTalikosom is mogvianebiT, IX 

saukuneSi cno, radganac mcxeTas mTeli dasavleTi saqarTvelo Tavis samwysod 

miaCnda. konstantinopolis sapatriarqoc, albaT, iZulebuli gaxda 

ecno axali eklesia X saukunis bolos. 46 

VIII saukunis meore naxevarSi Seqmnil àfxazTa samefoSi~ Sevida da 

misi ZiriTadi nawili gaxda iberiis samefos yofili teritoriebi dasavleT 

saqarTveloSi _ egrisi, guria, Takveri, argveTi, svaneTi, amitomac afxazTa 

samefos VIII-X saukuneebSi `qvemo iberias~ uwodebdnen. arsebobda ori 

iberia: zemo iberia _ anu aRmosavleTi saqarTvelo da `qvemo iberia~ _ anu 

dasavleTi saqarTvelo.


jafariZe 

XVII saukunis ierusalimeli patriarqi dosiTeosi wers _ ìberiaSi ori 

avtokefaluri arqiepiskoposia, romelTac qarTvelebi uwodeben kaTalikosebs. 

qvemo iberia, romelsac Zvelad kolxeTs da lazikas uwodebdnen, 

aqvs eparqiebi imereTSi, guriaSi, samegreloSi, afxazeTSi, svaneTsa da mesxeTis 

nawilSi. es eparqiebi eqvemdebarebodnen konstantinopolis saydars 

fasidis mitropolitis saSualebiT... ase rom, erekles Semdeg _ lev 

isavrosamde qvemo iberia ukve iyo avtokefaluri saarqiepiskoposo, magram 

Cven ar viciT, romeli imperatoris dros da romel krebaze mianiWes mas 

avtokefalia... zemo da qvemo iberias Soris sazRvari aris qedi, romelic 

kavkasiis mTebSi iwyeba, qarTulad qulfargi ewodeba, qvemo iberiis kaTalikosi 

pativiT ufro metia zemo iberiis kaTalikosze, radganac is ukve 

isavrosis dros, 720 wels, kaTalikosi iyo qvemo iberiisa ... iberebi qvemo 

iberiis kaTalikoss miiCneven ufros kaTalikosad, radganac mefe, e.i. imere- 

Tis Tavi, maTTan iwodeba mTeli iberiis mefeTa-mefed~. 47 

meore ierusalimeli patriarqi xrisanfi ambobs: `...saqarTveloSi, romelsac 

adre iberia erqva, iyo ori avtokefaluri arqiepiskoposi, romelTac 

Cveulebis Tanaxmad uwodeben kaTalikosebs da ara arqiepiskoposebs. ase maT 

marto qarTvelebi uwodeben. amaTgan erTi, e.i. arqiepiskoposi qvemo iberiisa, 

iwodeba imereTis, oseTis, guriis da sruliad qvemo iberiis unetares kaTalikosad, 

anu martivad, sruliad iberiis unetares kaTalikosad, rogorc 

ufrosi zemo iberiis kaTalikosze. xolo meore, e.i. zemo imereTisa, iwodeba 

qarTlis, kaxeTis, alvaneTis da sruliad zemo iberiis unetares kaTalikosad... 

romeli imperatoris dros, an romel krebaze gaxda is saarqiepiskoposo, 

Cven zustad ver davadgineT, magram 26 ivnisis svinaqsarSi vpoulobT, 

rom ioane, goTeTis episkoposi, xeldasxmuli iqna iberiis kaTalikosis mier 

(gulisxmobs ara mcxeTis, aramed `qvemo iberiis~ kaTalikoss, e.p. an.), radganac 

romaul qveynebSi batonobda xatmebrZolTa eresi, ase rom, rogorc Cans, 

erekles Semdeg isavramde qvemo iberia saarqiepiskoposo gaxda...~. 48 

es ierusalimeli patriarqebi XVII saukuneSi cxovrobdnen. fasisis samitropolito 

konstantinopolis iurisdiqciaSi Sevida VII saukunis 30-iani 

wlebidan herakle keisris Semdeg. manamde is Sedioda iberiis eklesiis 

iurisdiqciaSi. 49 herakle keisarma raRac mizezis gamo dasaja iberiis 

samefo da mas matianeTa Tanaxmad, CamoaWra zRvispira miwebi. es CamorTmeuli 

teritoriebi uSualod imperiaSi Seiyvana. amis gamo, am teritoriebze 

iurisdiqcia VII saukunidan ganaxorciela konstantinopolis sapatriarqom. 

fasisis samitropolitoSi Sedioda oTxi saepiskoposo. 

am mitacebul miwebze, romelic imperiaSi Sevida, Tavisi iurisdiqcia 

ganaxorciela konstantinopolis sapatriarqom VII saukunis 30-iani wlebidan. 

konstantinopolis sapatriarqom am dros Tavisi iurisdiqcia ganaxorciela 

ara mTel dasavleT saqarTveloze, aramed `zRvis pirze~, anu sakuTriv


istoria 

503 

egrisze, romelic jer kidev Zvel dros vrceldeboda `skanda-Sorapnis 

xazamde~, marTalia, iberia ewodeboda mTel dasavleT saqarTvelos (klisuramde) 

aRmosavleT saqarTvelosTan erTad, magram `sakuTriv iberia~ 

ewodeboda miwebs skanda-Sorapnis aRmosavleTiT, sadac es cixeebi idga. 

aseve egrisi vrceldeboda lixis qedamde, magram sakuTriv egrisi skanda- 

Sorapnis xazis dasavleTiT mdebareobda. iberiis im teritoriaze, romelic 

dasavleT saqarTveloSi skanda-Sorapnis xazis aRmosavleTiT mdebareobda, 

Tavis iurisdiqcias VII saukunis Semdegac Zveleburadve axorcielebda 

iberiis (mcxeTis) sakaTalikoso. aq wirva-locvis ena ZvelTaganve, V saukunidan 

qarTuli iyo. 50 

ase rom, afxazeTis samefos Seqmnis droisaTvis mis teritoriaze aRmoCnda 

sami erTmaneTisagan damoukidebeli eklesia _ afxazeTis (abazgiis) 

saarqiepiskoposo, mdinare klisuras CrdiloeTiT, fasisis samitropolito, 

skanda-Sorapnis xazamde da argveT-egrisis eklesia (am xazidan lixis 

qedamde), aqedan ori bizantiis eklesiaSi Sedioda, mesame ki, argveTis saepiskoposo 

_ iberiis sakaTalikosoSi. 

vaxuSti afxazeTis sakaTalikosos Sesaxeb wers: `.... ara saCinod uwyebuli 

cxovrebidam Tu rodis ganTavisuflda, aramed mwerali ityvis cxovrebisaganve: 

odes gandga leon da iwoda afxazTa mefed, maSin mouZlurebul 

iyvnen berZennica da am levanis mier, anu SemdgomTa misTagan, ganTavisuflda 

TxovniTa berZenTaganve~. 51 

vaxuStis Tanaxmad, afxazeTis avtokefaluri eklesia Seiqmna ara arakanonikurad, 

aramed am eklesias avtokefalia mianiWa `berZnulma~ sapatriarqom. 

ismis kiTxva: romelma sapatriarqom mianiWa afxazeTis, anu `qvemo iberiis~ 

eklesias avtokefalia _ antioqiis Tu konstantinopolis sapatriarqom? 

saerTod, unda iTqvas, rom 720 wlisaTvis (am TariRs uTiTebs, rogorc 

qarTuli, ise ucxouri wyaroebi) afxazeTis mTavar leon I-is dros, roca 

is TanammarTveli iyo dasavleT saqarTveloSi arCil mefisa, konstantinopolSi 

lev isavrosis zeobisas (717-741) mZvinvarebda xatmebrZoloba. jer 

kidev 713 wels Tavisi Camogdebis win imperatori filipike vardane apirebda 

gamoeca kanoni xatebis Tayvaniscemis akrZalvisa, 726 wels imperatorma 

levma aSkarad gamoTqva Tavisi uaryofiTi azri xatebis Sesaxeb. 52 xolo 

iberiaSi (egris-afxazeTSi) xatebis Tayvaniscema Zalze iyo miRebuli. garda 

konstantinopolTan sarwmunoebrivi uTanxmoebisa, afxazeTis mTavari 

saerTod mtrulad iyo ganwyobili bizantiis (konstantinopolis) mimarT. 

750-ian wlebSi gaerTianebuli qvemo iberiis, anu egris-abazgiis eklesiidan 

antioqiis sapatriarqoSi gagzavnil iqna samRvdeloeba. antioqiis 

sapatriarqom, rogorc mTeli aRmosavleTis dedaeklesiam, cno axalSeqmnili 

eklesia, mianiWa mas avtokefalia da akurTxa misi pirveli kaTalikosi. 

es eklesia Tavis iurisdiqcias jer kidev ar axorcielebda skanda-Sorap-


jafariZe 

nis xazs iqiT _ argveTSi, magram 830 wels, matianis Tanaxmad, aRmosavleT 

(zemo) iberiis samefom cno egris-afxazeTis sakaTalikoso da mis iurisdiqciaSi 

gadasca argveTis eklesia. amis Semdeg 830 wlidan afxazeTis 

sakaTalikoso Tavis iurisdiqcias mTel dasavleT saqarTveloze axorcielebda. 

rogorc aRiniSna, 720-iani wlebidanve axalSeqmnil eklesias 

ucxoelebi uwodebdnen `qvemo iberiis~, anda ubralod ìberiis~ eklesias. 

swored amiTaa gamowveuli is, rom cnobebi am ori eklesiis (e.i. qvemo da 

zemo iberiis) Sesaxeb erTmaneTSia areuli da xSirad is cnoba, rac Seexeba 

qvemo iberiis eklesias, miiCneva rogorc zemo iberiis (mcxeTis) eklesiis 

Sesaxeb cnobad. amgvar Secdomas ver ascda cnobili moRvawe efrem mcire. 

man qvemo iberiis eklesiisaTvis avtokefaliis miniWebis Sesaxeb cnoba miiCnia 

zemo iberiis (mcxeTis) eklesiisaTvis avtokefaliis miniWebis cnobad. 

cnobebi efrem mcires XI saukunis 50-ian wlebSi amouRia `xronografsa 

Sina antioqias aRwerilsa~. 

àntioqiur qronografs~ Cvenamde ar mouRwevia, magram radganac efremis 

Tanamedrovesa da TanamoRvawes nikon SavmTels Tavis `pandeqtebSi~ qarTuli 

eklesiis Sesaxeb igive masala aqvs gadmocemuli, rac efrems, fiqroben, 

rom orive avtors Sav mTaze arsebuli erTi da imave wyaroTi unda 

esargebla. mkvlevarTa Tanaxmad, àntioqiuri qronografis~ uZvelesi variantis 

arsebobaze ìsic miuTiTebs, rom misiT jer kidev VI saukunis bizantiel 

istorikoss ioane malalas usargeblia~, _ wers v. goilaZe. 

Cans, àntioqiur qronografSi~ ewera ìberiis~ eklesiam rogor miiRo 

avtokefalia VIII saukuneSi, magram ar iyo miTiTebuli, rom es iyo `qvemo~, 

da ara `zemo~ iberiis eklesia. 

efrem mcires pirdapir aqvs gadmowerili qronografiidan: _ `dReTa 

konstantine skoris (741-775) mosaxelisaTa, antioqias patriarqobasa netarisa 

Teofilaqtessa (744-751) movidnen qarTliT (iberiidan) mociqulad 

monazonni orni da mouTxres netarsa Teofilaqtes, viTarmed didsa Wirsa 

arian qristianeni mkvidrni qarTvelTa (iberielTa) soflebisani, rameTu 

dRiTgan netarisa anastasi mRvdel-mowamisa antioqiel patriarqisa (561-599) 

ara kurTxeul ars maTda kaTalikosi _ mTvarepiskoposi siZnelisaTvis 

gzisa, rameTu agarianTagan veravin ikadrebs svlad. xolo man bWobiTa krebisaTa 

_ mTavarepiskoposTa, mitropolitTa da episkoposTa TvisTa misca 

qarTvelTa protreptikoni, romel ars ganxsniTi, raATa TviT maTisa sazRvrisa 

episkoposTagan xelni daesxmodin Jamad-Jamadsa kaTalikossa qarTlisasa, 

raAca saRmrToman madlman uCvenos maT da romeli gamoirCion moyvasTa mis 

eklesiisaTa TanadgomiTa da wamebiTa episkoposTaATa wesTaebr saeklesioTa. 

da Seuqmna maT aRweriT mosaxsenebeli Tavisa TvisisaTvis da mun Semokrebulisa 

krebisaTvis da xelT-dasxmul yo erTi orTa maT missa movlinebulTa. 

monazonTagani saxeliT ioane mis Jamisa kaTalikosad maTda~. 53


istoria 

505 

am cnobis Tanaxmad, iberiidan (das. saqarTvelodan) antioqiaSi Casuli 

ioane iberiis (igulisxmeba qvemo iberia) kaTalikosad xatmebrZoli imperatoris, 

konstantine kopronimis Tanamedrove Teofilaqte antioqelma akurTxa. 

am cnobidan gamomdinare, ioanes kaTalikosobis dasawyisi 744 wlis Semdeg 

ivaraudeba. es ki is droa, roca bizantiis vasali leon afxazTa erisTavi 

jer aerTianebs egris-afxazeTs, Semdeg ki Tavs iTavisuflebs bizantiis 

vasalobisagan da `samefod yalibdeba~. 54 uZvelesi droidan antioqiis sapatriarqos 

kuTvnili dasavleT saqarTvelos eklesia... da politikuri 

damoukideblobisaTvis mebrZoli leon I, ra Tqma unda, Seecdeboda politikuri 

damoukideblobis mopovebis paralelurad Tavisi qveynisTvis saeklesio 

Tavisuflebac moepovebina~. 55 

àfxazTa erisTavis leon I-is zeobas 720/30-740-iani wlebiT, xolo misi 

memkvidris (Zmiswulis) leon II-is (753/58-798) wlebiT varaudoben. rogorc 

vxedavT, leon I-s politikuri damoukideblobis mopovebasTan erTad qveynisaTvis 

eklesiuri damoukideblobis mopovebac ucdia. rogorc iv. javaxiSvili 

fiqrobs, aseTi nabijisaTvis mas droc Sesaferisi SeurCevia. saqme is 

iyo, rom imperatori lev III (719-740) 726 wels xatTayvanismcemelTa winaaRmdeg 

gamovida, xolo 730 wlis ediqtiT xatTayvanismcemloba akrZala mTeli 

imperiis masStabiT. daiwyo monastrebis daxurva, saeklesio miwebis gayidva 

da eklesiis saganZuris konfiskacia. xatTayvanismcemelTa winaaRmdeg gansakuTrebiT 

konstantinopolSi ibrZodnen, amitom im droisaTvis konstantinopolis 

sapatriarqoSi Semaval dasavlur-qarTul eklesias marTlac Sei- 

Zleboda Tavisi eklesiis umaRlesi saWeTmpyroblis xeldasasxmelad Zveli 

siuzerenis _ antioqiis sapatriarqo kaTedrisaTvis miemarTa. garda 

imisa, rom antioqiis eklesia dasavleT saqarTvelos eklesiis Zvel siuzerenad 

iTvleboda. am droisaTvis antioqiidan gaismoda damaskeli moZRvris, 

ioane damaskelis (gard. 753) xma xatTayvanismcemelTa dasacavad. aRniSnulidan 

gamomdinare, miuxedavad imisa, rom imxanad dasavleT saqarTvelos 

eklesia konstantinopolis sapatriarqos eklesiis eparqias warmoadgenda, 

dasaSvebia, Teofilaqtes am qveyanaze antioqiis sapatriarqos Zveli Zalauflebis 

da rac mTavaria, konstantinopolSi arsebuli xatmebrZolobis gamo, 

marTlac, ekurTxebina ioane afxazeTis damoukidebel kaTalikosad. ase rom, 

744 wlis Semdgom xanaSi qarTlis kaTalikosTa Soris, radganac ioanes 

saxelis mqone pirovneba ar Cans, Teofilqate antioqelis mier 744-750 

wlebSi saqaraTvelos (iberiis) kaTalikosad xeldasxmuli ioane dasavleT 

saqarTvelos (afxazeTis) pirvel avtokefalur kaTalikosad unda iqnas 

miCneuli. misi moRvaweoba 744 wlis Semdgom xanaze mova~. 56 

v. goilaZis mosazrebas, antioqiis eklesiis mier qvemo iberiis kaTalikosis 

kurTxevis Sesaxeb, adasturebs XVII saukunis antioqeli patriarqi makariosi 

da amave saukunis ierusalimeli patriarqebi dosiTeosi da xrisanfi.


jafariZe 

makariosi wers, rom antioqel patriarq Teofilaqtes dros afxazeTis 

mefem daviTma antioqiaSi episkoposad xeldasasxmelad gagzavna mravali 

pirovneba _ àfxazeTidan antioqiaSi gagzavnilebs, gzaze yaCaRebi daxvdnen 

da daxoces. ori maTgani gadarCa... Teofilaqtem moiwvia kreba, romelzedac 

gadawyda afxazeTisTvis daeniSnaT damoukidebeli kaTalikosi, romelic 

afxazeTisaTvis akurTxebda mRvdelmTavrebs, magram im pirobiT, rom igi 

moixseniebda antioqiis patriarqebs... erTi maTgani, ioane, patriarqma kaTalikosad 

akurTxa. mas mudmivad unda ecxovra afxazeTSi. meore afxazi 

patriarqma episkoposad akurTxa da orive saxlSi, afxazeTSi gamoistumra~. 

goilaZe wers: _ es ambavi qarTlis (zemo iberiis, mcxeTis) eklesias rom 

Seexebodes, maSin ioane qarTlisaTvis, ra Tqma unda, pirveli kaTalikosi ar 

iqneboda. 57 makariosi ioanes Sesaxeb werda, rom ioane iyo pirveli kaTalikosi 

Tavisi eklesiiso. 

efrem mcire, makariosi, nikon SavmTeli erTsa da imave ambavs mogviTxroben. 

goilaZis azriT, makariosis cnobebi dasavleT saqarTvelos rom exeba, 

iqidanac Cans, rom makarioss iqve mohyavs VI saukunis istorikosis, evagre 

sqolastikosis cnoba imperator iustinianes mier afxazeTSi taZris aSenebisa 

da afxazeTidan konstantinopolSi bavSvebis Camoyvanis Sesaxeb iustinianes 

dros. 

`makareosis cnobebs ioanes dasavleT saqarTvelos pirvel kaTalikosad 

kurTxevis Sesaxeb mxars uWers: 1. IX saukunis bolos Sedgenili konstantinopolis 

sapatriarqosadmi daqvemdebarebul kaTedraTa nusxebSi àfxaze- 

Tis avtokefaluri arqiepiskoposis~ moxsenieba. 2. ioane guTelis saqarTvelo- 

Si xeldasxmis cnoba~. 58 

744-750 wlebSi Teofilaqte antioqelis mier dasavleT saqarTvelos kaTalikosad 

ioanes xeldasxmis Sesaxeb cnoba, Cans, àntioqiur qronografiaSi~ 

Sevida da, roca XI saukuneSi mas efrem mcirem miakvlia, mTeli saqarTvelos 

eklesiaze gavrcelda. namdvilad ki, rogorc makariosis Txzulebidan Cans, 

es cnoba qvemo iberiis eklesias exeboda da ara zemo iberiis an mTliani 

iberiis eklesias. es kargad gaugiaT ierusalimel patriarqebs dosiTeossa 

da xrisanfs, romelTa cnobebic zemoTaa citirebuli. 

dasavleT saqarTvelos eklesiis avtokefalia konstantinopolis sapatriarqos 

ucvnia da uRiarebia X saukunis damdegs. 59 

matiane wers _ `xolo aman bagrat gaaCina da ganawesa kaTalikosi 

afxazeTs qristes aqeT 830 wels~. 60 

bagrat kurapalati mmarTveli iyo zemo iberiisa da ijda xosroianTa 

(erTiani iberiis mmarTveli dinastia, gorgasali am dinastias ekuTvnoda) 

taxtze. amdenad, Sesabamis wreebSi miaCndaT, rom mas uflebebi gaaCnda 

mTels iberiaze, maT Soris `qvemo iberiaze~, anu afxazeTze. 

bagrat kurapalatis dros saqarTvelos eklesiis mnaTobma grigol xanZTelma 

ineba afxazeTis eklesiis moxilva. afxazeTis mefem, demetrem, didi


istoria 

507 

pativiT miiRo is. grigoli darwmunda, rom afxazeTSi wirva-locvis ena, 

kvlav, Zveleburadve qarTulia, xolo `qarTlad friadi qveyana aRiricxebis, 

romelsaca Sina qarTuliTa eniTa Jami Seiwirvis da locva yoveli aResrulebis~. 

imis Semdeg, rac àqa gamoCnda kaTalikozi afxazeTisa, Jamsa mas 

leon isavrosisasa, qristes aqeT 720 wels~, 61 aRmoCnda, rom qarTvel ers 

Tavisi samSoblos sxvadasxva kuTxeSi hqonda ori avtokefaluri eklesia, 

erTmaneTze administraciulad damoukidebeli, magram sulierad erTiani, 

amaSi gasakviri araferia. berZnebs oTxi sapatriarqo da ramdenime damoukidebeli 

saarqiepiskoposo hqondaT, aseve sxva erebs. 

bagrat kurapalatis mier 830 wels afxazeTis kaTalikosis `gaCena~ unda 

gavigoT im mniSvnelobiT, rom faqtobrivad, 720 wlidan afxazeTis sakaTalikosos 

arseboba 830 wels aRiara da cno qarTlis sakaTalikosom. Cans, 

am faqtSi garkveuli Rvawli miuZRoda grigol xanZTels, xolo misi mowafis 

efrem mawyverelis RvawliT ganwesda, rom afxazeTis sakaTalikoso mirons 

miiRebda qarTlis (mcxeTis) sakaTalikosodan, rogorc ùmrwmesi~ _ ùxucesisagan~. 

afxazeTis sakaTalikosos warmoqmniT, faqtobrivad, aRsdga qarTuli 

eklesiis mTlianoba, radgan dasavleT saqarTvelos erTi mniSvnelovani 

nawili gaTavisuflda konstantinopolis iurisdiqciisagan da iq aRdgenili 

iqna qarTulenovani RvTismsaxureba. 

mironis kurTxevis Sesaxeb 

Tanamedrove qarTul mecnierebaSi damkvidrda azri, rom qarTulma eklesiam 

mironis kurTxevis ufleba miiRo IX saukuneSi. marTlac, grigol 

xanZTelis cxovrebaSi weria, rom mironis kurTxevis neba ierusalimis 

patriarqs gamosTxova efremma. 

Zvel qarTul mwerlobaSi damkvidrebuli azriT, mironis kurTxevis neba 

qarTulma eklesiam miiRo qalkedonis krebis _ 451 wlis Semdeg. 

ekurTxeboda Tu ara qarTul eklesiaSi mironi V saukunidan, am sakiTxis 

garkvevisaTvis didi mniSvneloba aqvs am mxriv mezobel somxeTsa da 

albaneTSi arsebul mdgomareobas. 

somxur istoriografiaSi Semonaxuli cnobebis Tanaxmad, qarTveli xalxi 

da samRvdeloeba qarTuli eklesiis Rirsebas ufro maRla ayenebda, vidre 

albanurisas. amitomac, rodesac somxeTis patriarqma albaneTis eklesias 

qarTul eklesiasTan SedarebiT mianiWa upiratesoba da igi qarTul eklesiaze 

win daayena, es qarTvelma mamamTavarma iukadrisa da uxtanesis mier 

Segrovili cnobebis Tanaxmad, gawyvita kavSiri somxur eklesiasTan. albaneli 

istorikosi mose kalankatuaci wers, rom somxeTis `...mTavarma saeklesio 

moRvaweebma, somxeTis ampartavani xasiaTis mixedviT, TviTneburi 

surviliT ganaweses abraami _ patriarqad, albaneli _ arqiepiskoposad,


jafariZe 

qarTveli _ mitopolitad: aRSfoTda qarTveli, romelsac kirioni erqva da 

sawinaaRmdego kamaTi daiwyo. xolo wmida mamamTavari abraami ambobda, rom 

albanelebi qarTvelebze adre iyvnen qristianebi da mTavarepiskoposoba 

maT Seefereba~. 62 

albaneTis eklesiaze ufro dabal safexurze dayeneba qarTulma eklesiam 

pativisa da Rirsebis damcirebad miiCnia. aseTi Tvalsazrisi ara 

marto mose kalankatuels, aramed Zvel somex istorikosebsac hqondaT. 

amas miiCnevdnen zogierT wreebSi saeklesio ganxeTqilebis mizezad. aqedan 

SeiZleba davaskvnaT, rom qarTul eklesias Tavisi Rirseba da pativi arc 

albanur da arc somxur eklesiaze naklebad ar miaCnda. amitom, Tuki 

somxur, anda albanur eklesiaSi akurTxebdnen mirons, maSin aucileblad 

qarTuli eklesia imave uflebiT isargeblebda. winaaRmdeg SemTxvevaSi, 

qarTuli eklesiis damoukidebloba sruli ar iqneboda da igi veRarc 

Seedreboda Tavisi pativiT da RirsebiT im eklesiebs (am SemTxvevaSi 

albaneTisa da somxeTisas), romelTac mironis kurTxevis ufleba hqondaT 

mopovebuli. 

albaneTis eklesias, mose kalankatuelis Tanaxmad, mironis kurTxevis 

ufleba hqonda araTu IX saukunemde, aramed VI saukuneSi. ufro metic, am 

dros albaneTis eklesia sivnieTis eklesiasac ki aZlevda mirons. mose 

kalankatueli Tavisi àlbaneTis istoriis~ 48-e Tavs asaTaurebs ase: _ `... 

sivnieTelTa moqceva somexTagan albanelebisaken da xeldasxmisa da zeTis 

(maTgan) miReba~. 63 

uxtanesi am mdgomareobas ase xsnis: `...somxeTi sparselebsa da berZnebs 

hqondaT erTmaneTSi gayofili... gayofili sapatriarqo saydari uaryves 

sivnieTis uflebma da winaaRmdegobis gamo ar daeTanxmnen romelimes damor- 

Cilebodnen petre episkoposis brZanebiT, romelmac ... ubrZana Tavis samwysos, 

xeldasxma da mironis kurTxeva albanelTagan mieRoT, sanam wmida 

grigoris sapatriarqo saydari gaerTiandeboda. am droidan aqamde xeldasxmasa 

da mirons sivnielebi albanelTagan iRebdnen~... 64 

aqedan Cans, rom rogorc albaneli mose kalankatuelis, ise somexi uxtanesis 

mixedviT, albaneTis eklesia TviTve akurTxebda mirons jer kidev 

somxeTis sakaTalikosos orad gayofamde, VI saukunis dasasrulamde. ioane 

kogoviteli, gayofis droindeli somexi qalkedoniti kaTalikosi, 590-611 

wlebSi zeobda. 

albaneTis eklesia VI sakuneSi mirons akurTxebda, xolo saWiroebis 

SemTxvevaSi sxva eklesiasac ki awodebda mirons. 

z. aleqsiZe wers: `mose kalankatuelis gadmocemiT, roca somxeTis sakaTalikoso 

orad gaiyo VI-VII saukuneebis mijnaze ioanesa (qalkedoniti) da 

moses (monofiziti) Soris, sivnieTis mmarTvelebma arc erTi aRara scnes 

da xeldasxmisaTvis albanelTa kaTalikosebs mimarTavdnen xolme. alban-


istoria 

509 

eTidanve iRebdnen mirons, sanam abraam albaTanelma ar gaaerTiana orive 

saydari~. 65 aqedan SeiZleba davaskvnaT, rom Tu albaneTis eklesias mironis 

kurTxeva SeeZlo VI saukuneSi, qarTul eklesiasac aseTive ufleba eqneboda, 

radganac qarTul eklesias albanur eklesiaze Rirseulad da meti 

pativis mqoned miaCnda Tavi. 

somxeTis kaTalikosisadmi kirion qarTvelTa kaTalikosis mier gagzavnili 

werilebidan Cans, rom qarTul eklesias Tavisi Tavi somxuri eklesiis 

Tanaswor da Tanatol eklesiad miaCnda. 

hqonda Tu ara somxur eklesias mironis kurTxevis ufleba? 

hqonda, radganac VII saukunis dasawyisSi, sapatriarqo taxtze asvlisTanave 

kaTalikosma abraamma mironi akurTxa. uxtanesi aRwers kidec, Tu ra aris 

mironi da rogori wesiT akurTxeben mas. 

somexma ierarqebmao, _ wers uxtanesi, _ krebis damTavrebis Semdeg `...isic 

kanonierad miiCnes, rom Sevedreboden TavianT mamamTavars, ekurTxa da 

maTTvis mieca sacxebeli zeTi, e.i. mironi, romliTac scxeben da naTlaven... 

radganac moses sikvdilis Semdeg aravis ukurTxebia sacxebeli zeTi... 

Seudga mwuxris msaxurebas fsalmunebiT, kurTxeviTa da sulieri galobiT 

dRis saidumlos msgavsad. saidumlos Sesaferisad kiTxviT gaaTies Rame 

da mTeli dRe mRviZared RmrTisa mimarT locvaSi, vidre aRsruldeboda 

yvela saidumlo RmrTis sadideblad, xolo meore dRes gaunawila mamamTavarma 

kurTxevis zeTi...~. 66 

uxtanesi wers, rom VI saukunis bolos mironi akurTxa kaTalikosma 

mosem (574-604), xolo VII sakunis dasawyisSi _ abraamma. 

rogorc zemoT aRniSnulidan Cans, saqarTvelos mezobeli eklesiebi VI- 

VIII, SesaZloa V saukuneebSi akurTxebdnen mirons da amitomac, maTi Tanatol-Tanafardi, 

maTTan saeklesio kavSirSi myofi qarTuli eklesiac VI-VII 

saukuneebSi amave uflebiT isargeblebda. 

qarTuli wyaroebis mixedviT, qarTuli eklesia V saukuneSive akurTxebda 

mirons. moRweulia kidevac mironis kurTxevis teqsti, romelic Sevsebulia 

Semdgom saukuneebSi. masSi Camatebulia axal saukuneTa atributebi, amitomac 

axali drois dokumentad miiCneva. aseve efrem mcire Tavis SromaSi 

wers, rom mironis kurTxevis ufleba qarTul eklesias mieniWa V saukuneSi. 

efrem mcire ase aRwers am process: wmida ninos dros evstaTi antioqelma 

patriarqma daamyara qarTuli eklesia. gadawyda, rom mironi qarTul 

eklesias mieRo antioqiis sapatriarqodan. im dros, IV saukuneSi, mirons 

mxolod antioqiis sapatriarqo amzadebda da akurTxebda. mironis Sesasyidad 

qarTvelebs antioqiisaTvis unda eZliaT aTasi kvamlis gadasaxadi. 

mcire xnis Semdeg antioqiam aTasi kvamlis gadasaxadis nacvlad iTxova 

aTasi drahkani yovelwliurad. maleve antioqiam berZenTa mefis SuamavlobiT, 

qarTvelTa aTasi drahkani gadasca ierusalimis sapatriarqos. axla 

ukve mironis Sesasyidi Tanxa qarTvelebs ierusalimisaTvis unda eZliaT.


jafariZe 

Semdeg efrem mcire wers: àqa dagYSTa saZiebeli mravalTaA, Tu odes 

miiRes qarTvelTa kurTxevaA mironisaA da amisda cnobad... vpoe sazogadod 

yovelTaTYs, viTarmed qalkidonisa krebasa esma, rom siZvirisaTYs fasiT 

hyiddes mihronsa, amisTYs brZanes wmidaTa mamaTa, raATa ara xolo antioqias, 

aramed sxuaTaca eklesiaTa Sina wmida iqmnebodes mihroni. xolo 

TYisagan qarTvelTaA sagonebel ars, viTarmed siSorisaTvis gzisa da romel 

friad saSiS ars ucxo TeslTa Soris KmeliT antioqiiT qarTls warRebaA 

wmidisa mihronisaA, amisTYs TYT adgilsa da dawesebul ars maTda kurTxevaA 

mihronisaA~. 67 

efrem mcires azriT, V saukuneSi 451 wlis qalkedonis krebis Semdeg, 

yvela eklesias da maT Soris qarTulsac, neba daerTo adgilze mironis 

kurTxevisa. asec rom ar yofiliyo, siSorisa da gzis siZnelis gamo mironis 

transportireba Zalze Zneli iyo. ase rom, efremis Tanaxmad, V saukunidanve 

mironi saqarTveloSive ekurTxeba. 

sxva sakiTxia is anaqronizmebi da uxeSi qronologiuri Secdomebi, romlebmac 

efremis naSromi TiTqmis gaugebari gaxada da amasTanave, saTave 

daudo sxva Secdomebs saukuneTa manZilze. 

marTalia, efrem mcire Tavisi drois udidesi da ubrwyinvalesi filologosi 

da mTargmnel-komentatori iyo, magram es mas ar avaldebulebda 

aseTive masStabis istorikosi yofiliyo, rac Cans mis mier daweril naSromSi 

qarTuli eklesiis avtokefaliis istoriis Sesaxeb. 

efrem mcire IV-V saukuneTa Soris momxdari ambebis aRwerisas daeyrdno 

antioqiuri `xronografis~ cnobas, romelic man CarTo Tavis SromaSi. swored 

amaSi mdgomareobda efremis Secdoma. qronografSi naTqvami iyo imperator 

konstantine skoris, antioqiis patriarq Teofilaqtes, ierusalimis patriarq 

orestis, basili mefis dros bizantiur da dasavlur qarTul eklesiaTa 

Soris damokidebulebis Sesaxeb. Tanamedrove istoriografiis ganviTarebis 

wyalobiT cnobilia, rom es mefe–patriarqebi moRvaweobdnen VIII-X saukuneeb- 

Si, magram efremi fiqrobda, rom isini iyvnen IV-V saukuneTa moRvaweni. 

amitomac efremma antioqiuri `xronografis~ 68 cnoba CarTo Tavisi istoriis 

im nawilSi, romelic IV-V saukuneTa Soris momxdar ambebs Seexeboda. 

basili mefe, romelsac exeba efremis mier gamoyenebuli cnoba, TiTqmis 

efremis Tanamedrove iyo, misgan daaxloebiT naxevari saukuniT daSorebuli. 

magram efremis Sromidan aSkarad Cans, rom igi saubrobs ara Tavis 

Tanamedrove pirze, aramed Zveli drois basilze. 

rogorc Cans, X saukunis bolos da XI saukunis dasawyisSi swored 

àrasruli avtokefaliis~ momxre antioqielma Teoretikosebma `Seaswores~ 

da damatebebiT Seavses antioqiuri qronografi. efrem mcirem XI saukunis


istoria 

511 

Sua wlebSi moiZia es matiane, miiCnia IV-V saukuneTa qronikad da CarTo 

Tavis naSromSi. 

aRsaniSnavia, rom saqarTveloSi ZvelTaganve damkvidrebuli iyo tradiciuli 

gadmocema, romlis Tanaxmadac mironi gadmoedineboda sveticxovlidan, 

anu cxovelmyofeli xis gadanaWridan mcxeTaSi. amitomac, roca arsen 

iyalToeli imeorebs efremis cnobas `...sasyidlad nivTTa wmidisa mihronisaTa 

eklesiasa antioqiisasa... drahkani aTasi~, 69 igi, Cans, darwmunebulia, 

rom qarTvelebi yidulobdnen ara TviT mirons, aramed misi SemzadebisaTvis 

saWiro surnelovan aromatul nivTierebas; xolo TviT mironis 

Sezaveba-kurTxeva da damzadeba saqarTveloSive xdeboda. àntioqiuri 

`xronografis~ Zvel slavur TargmanSic weria: `wmida mironis aromatis 

SesaZenad~ da ara wmida mironis SesaZenad. 70 

mironis kurTxevis wesi aseTi yofila: 

odes mefe, aTabagi, qarTlisa erisTavi, spasalari da yovelni erisTavni 

da yovelni mRdelTmoZRuarni Semokrben mcxeTas, didsa xuTSabaTsa, didisa 

somxiTisa mitrapolitsa, hmarTebs nivTTa zeda dgomad da quabni sakurTxevelTad 

gamoixunen da mitrapolitsa da qadagsa etYrTnes ketni quabTani. 

winaTa ketTa mitrapoliti Seudges da ukanaTa qadagi. Tu mwirveli iyos, 

TeTriTa SesamosliTa Semosil iyos, Tu mwirveli ara iyos, TeTrisa atlasisa 

CaCi Tavsa eburos moyuntuzvili; da meoreTa quabTa mTavarefiskoposi 

queSe udges da wina mividodes da ukanaTa ketTa mawyuereli da ukana 

mTavarefiskoposi mihyvebodes. da raJams ganazavebden takuksa, takuki mawyuerelsa 

etYrTos ki mawyuerelsa etvirTos da raJams ganazaon, takuki 

qadagisa KeliTa daibeWdvodes. da yovelTa efiskoposTa TiToA kokaA mironisa 

etYrTos...~. 71 

amave dokumentSi moxsenebulia mefe arCili da kaTalikosi miqaeli. 

patriarq kalistrate cincaZis mier gamocemuli siis Tanaxmad, 72 saqarTvelos 

XV saukunemde sul ori arCili hyavda mefed _ arCil I (410-434), papa 

vaxtang gorgasalisa da arCil II (668-718 ww.). am periodSi Cndeba ori 

kaTalikosi miqaelic: miqael I (459-467 ww.), romelmac vaxtang gorgasals 

kbilebi Caumtvria da miqael II (774-780ww.). marTalia, aRniSnul siaSi 

dadasturebuli mefobis TariRebi miaxloebiTia, magram savsebiT naTelia, 

rom jer arCil I mefobs, Semdeg kaTalikosobs miqael I, aseve arCil II-is 

moRvaweobis wlebi uswrebs miqael II-is kaTalikosobis TariRs. dokumentSi, 

romelsac ewodeba `mironis kurTxevis wesi~, mefe arCili davalebas aZlevs 

saeklesio pirs miqaels, Seadginos mironis kurTxevis gangeba, rasac miqaeli 

garkveuli drois Semdeg asrulebs. is iZiebs, irkvevs mironis kurTxevis 

wess da adgens gangebas mironis kurTxevis Zveli `niSnis~ Sesabamisad, 

xolo dokumentis gamocemis dros is ukve kaTalikosia. 

`didni SfoTni da amboxni iqmnebodes efiskoposTa cilobisagan da Rmr- 

Tiv-gYrgYnosanma mefeman arCil ara saTno iCina amaT SfoTTa qmnad. da


jafariZe 

gYbrZana gaCenad, viTa niSanTa Seetyueboda, da Kel-vyaviT me, glaxakman 

miqael qarTlisa kaTalikozman da vakurTxeT wmidaA mironi...~ 73 

ueWvelia, rom mironis kurTxevis es dokumenti Sedgenilia IX saukunemde, 

amitomac igi sruliad abaTilebs azrs, rom qarTulma eklesiam mironis 

kurTxevis neba miiRo IX saukuneSi. arsebobs mosazreba, rom es dokumenti 

aris natyuari. unda iTqvas, rom natyuari sigeli, anda dokumenti SeiZleboda 

SeedginaT raime kerZo, mcire adgil-mamulis da msgavsi sakiTxis Taobaze, 

romlis Semowmeba saerTo-saxelmwifoebriv da sazogadoebriv interess ar 

warmoadgenda. mironis kurTxevis saerTo saxalxo _ saxelmwifo mniSvnelobis 

ceremonialSi ki monawileobdnen saxelmwifos meTauri _ mefe, 

qveynis yvela provinciaTa mmarTveli erisTavebi, kaTalikos-episkoposebi. 

muSaobda mTeli saxelmwifo da saeklesio aparati, imarTeboda sagangebo 

darbazoba, romelzec erisTavebi da episkoposebi sxdebodnen mtkiced gansazRvruli 

wesiTa da rigiT. nuTu isini `natyuar~ dokuments iWerdnen 

xelSi da imis mixedviT akurTxebdnen mirons? `xelmwifis karis garigebidan~ 

srulebiT aSkarad Cans, Tu ra didi mniSvneloba hqonda aseTi 

saxelmwifoebrivi ceremoniis dros sagangebo wesebis dacvas. aseTive saxis 

dokumentia `kurTxeva mironisa~. 

`mironis kurTxevis~ aRniSnuli dokumenti xelT hqoniaT erekle II-sa da 

anton kaTalikoss, ris mixedviTac ganusazRvravT maT ninowmindelis pativi 

da adgili darbazobis dros. es dokumenti erekles II-sa da anton I-s miaCniaT 

im dros Sedgenilad, roca samefo anu sataxto qalaqi iyo ara Tbilisi, 

aramed nisani da quTaTisi. amis gamo, weren isini, Tbileli episkoposis pativi 

da Rirseba SedarebiT mcirea da is dgas episkoposTa rigis boloSio. 

`tfileli ukue ganCinebasa mas Sina samefosa friad qvemore dgebodis, 

anu jdebodis krebasa Sina, amisTvis romel samefo qalaqi ara iyo tfilisi 

droTa mas Sina, aramed nisani da quTaTisi~. 74 

anton I-isa da erekles II-is mixedviT, mironis kurTxevis dokumenti 

Sedgenili yofila VII-XI saukuneebSi, radganac mcxeTa dedaqalaqad araa 

moxsenebuli, xolo XII saukunis Semdeg Tbilisi dedaqalaqia (saqarTvelos 

dedaqalaqad Tbilisi iTvleboda V saukunidan arabebis mier dapyrobamde, 

arabTa gandevnis Semdeg Tbilisi kvlav dedaqalaqia). 

`sabuTi pirvelad T. Jordaniam gamoaqveyna (qronikebi, I, 1892, gv. 45-46). 

igi fiqrobda, rom sabuTSi moxseniebuli `mefe arCili~ unda iyos pirveli 

(gard. 434 w.) da ara meore (gard. 718 w.), radgan ukanasknelis dros 

miqael kaTalikozi ara sCans da arc dasajerebelia, rom VII-VIII saukuneebis 

arev-darevis dros amisTana kiTxvaze mocla SesaZlebeli yofiliyos; 

arc didi `somxiTis mitropoliti~ yofila VIII saukuneSi, magram radganac 

aTabagi aris moxseniebuli darbazobaSi da sxvaca ramdenime arCil I 

dros winaaRmdegni wes-wyobilebani, amiT safuZveli gveZleva vifiqroT, rom 

`darbazobaSi~ droTa mixedviT, sxvadasxva cvlileba unda SemoeRoT. 75


istoria 

513 

mironis kurTxevis ufleba qarTul eklesias IX saukunemde rom hqonia, 

amis Sesaxeb wers `qarTlis cxovrebac~, saidanac Cans, rom qarTuli eklesiis 

ZvelTaganve (V saukunidan) arsebuli mironis kurTxevis ufleba 

VII saukuneSi, 681 wels, daudasturebia msoflio saeklesio krebas: 

`...iqmna kreba meequse... amis krebisa mier brZanes esreT wmidisa eklesiisa 

saqarTvelosTvis, romel ars wmida mcxeTa, raTa iyos swor pativiTa 

viTarca wmidani samociqulo kaTolike eklesiani, sapatriaqoni, da iyos 

kaTalikosi qarTlisa swori patriarqTa Tana... am krebisa mier dagvimtkicebia 

patriarqad... xolo odesca enebos Semzadeba da kurTxeva mironisa, 

akurTxos Tvissa eklesiasa~. 76 

marTlac, amierkavkasiis yvela avtokefalur eklesias (igulisxmeba somxeTisa 

da albaneTis eklesiebi) VI-VII saukuneebSi mironis kurTxevis ufleba 

hqonda miniWebuli. qarTuli eklesia ar SeiZleboda gamonaklisi yofiliyo, 

radganac swored somxuri wyaroebidan Cans, rom im droisaTvis igi 

iseTive rangis avtokefaluri eklesiaa, rogoric somxuri da albanuri. 

amitomacaa, rom efrem mcires Tanaxmad, romelsac yvela qarTuli wyaro 

eTanxmeba, qarTvelebi mirons ukve V saukunidanve akurTxebdnen. 

Cvens mecnierebaSi damkvidrebulia Tvalsazrisi, TiTqosda qarTulma 

eklesiam `...mxolod IX saukunis 40-iani wlebidan miiRo misi damzadebis 

ufleba ierusalimis patriarqisgan, risi iniciatori da saqmis momgvarebeli 

iyo awyuris episkoposi efremi...~. 77 

aseTi Tvalsazrisi ar aris misaRebi, radganac giorgi merCulis cnobis 

araswor gaSifrvazea damokidebuli. giorgi merCule, Cans, werda _ `rameTu 

pirvelad a-sa kaTalikosTa mihroni ierusalimT mohyvanda, xolo efrem 

qristesmieriTa brZanebiTa mihronis kurTxeva qarTls ganawesa ierusalimis 

patriarqisa ganwesebiT da wamebiTa sixaruliT. aramed qarTlad friadi 

qveyana aRiracxebis, romelsaca Sina qarTuliTa eniTa Jami Seiwirvis 

da locva yoveli aResrulebis~... 78 am cnobaSi Semdegdroindel gadamwers 

sworad ver gauxsnia qaragma à-sa~. qaragma à-sa~ konteqstis mixedviT, 

unda gaixsnas àfxazeTisa~, maSin azri naTeli da sruliad gasagebi gaxdeba. 

mwerali wers _ Tavidan afxazeTis kaTalikosebs mironi ierusalimidan 

mohqondaT, efremis SemweobiT ki afxazeTisaTvis saWiro mironis kurTxeva 

gadawyda qarTlSi. radganac, afxazeTi, anu dasavleTi saqarTvelo qarTlia, 

qarTuli eklesiis nawilia, radganac wirva-locva aq qarTul enaze warmoebs. 

azri sruliad naTeli da gasagebia. 

amJamad ki, roca nacvlad afxazeTisa ikiTxeba àRmosavlisa~, qaragmis 

araswori gaxsnis gamo, azri dabnelebuli, uSinaarso da arasworia _ TiTqosda 

aRmosavleTis qveynebis sakaTalikosoebs Tavdapirvelad mironi ierusalimidan 

mihqondaT. es sruliad mrude azri ar SeiZleba iyos giorgi merCulis


jafariZe 

dednisa, radganac giorgi merCule aris sruliad sando, ganaTlebuli, moazrovne 

moRvawe. saqme isaa, rom I saukunis 70-ian wlebSi ierusalimi mTlianad 

daangries da mis adgilze erTi mcire sofeliRa aRmocenda saukunis Semdeg. 

IV saukuneSi elenem da konstantine romis imperatorma es qalaqi aRadgines, 

magram misi episkoposi im dros eqvemdebareboda xan antioqiis episkoposs, 

xan ki kesaria-palestinis episkoposs. mxolod V saukuneSi qalkedonis 

krebis Semdeg gamovida ierusalimis episkoposi kesaria-palestinis episkoposis 

daqvemdebarebisgan da gadaiqca sapatriarqo eklesiad. 

amitomac I-V saukuneebSi aRmosavleTis qveynebis sakaTalikosoebi mirons 

ierusalimidan ver waiRebdnen. I saukunis 70-ian wlebamde, roca qalaqi 

ierusalimi arsebobda, maSin aRmosavleTis sakaTalikosoebi ar arsebobdnen. 

xolo Semdeg saukuneebSi ierusalimi ar iyo arc saeklesio da arc saerTa- 

Soriso mniSvnelobis qristianuli centri. aseTi iyo mTeli aRmosavleTisaTvis 

mxolod antioqia, amitomac SeiZleba marTalia efrem mcire, roca 

wers, rom antioqiis sapatriarqoSi ekurTxeboda mironi da sxvagan arsado. 

Tu àRmosavalisas~ qveS vigulisxmebT qarTlis kaTalikosebs, maSin swored 

`qarTlisa~ unda daewera kidec avtors, miT umetes, rom ramdenime sityvis 

Semdeg naxsenebia sityva `qarTli~. 

magram konteqstidan Cans, rom am cnobaSi laparakia axladSeqmnili 

afxazeTis sakaTalikosos mier mironis miRebis Sesaxeb, kerZod, Tavidan 

afxazeTis kaTalikoss mironi ierusalimidan mihqonda, xolo Semdeg ganewesa, 

rom afxazeTis sakaTalikosos mironi mieRo ara ierusalimidan, aramed 

qarTlis sakaTalikosodan, radganac afxazeTis qveyana (e.i. das. saqarTvelo) 

qarTlis qveynis nawilia, xolo afxazeTis sakaTalikoso qarTlis 

sakaTalikosos, anu erTiani qarTuli eklesiis nawilia, radganac `...qarTlad 

friadi qveyana aRiracxebis, romelsaca Sina qarTuliTa eniTa Jami 

Seiwirvis da locva yoveli aResrulebis~. 

giorgi merCules axali araferi uTqvams, radganac dasavleT saqarTvelos 

ukve mefe farnavazis droidanve uwodebdnen qarTls _ mdinare egriswylis 

aRmosavleTiT mimdebare qveyanas, vidre albaneTis sazRvramde. 

giorgi merCules cnobidan iseTi daskvna unda gamovitanoT, rom afxaze- 

Tis sakaTalikoso daarsebis Semdeg, e.i. 720-iani wlebidan, mirons iRebda 

ierusalimis sapatriarqodan, xolo 840-ian wlebSi is mirons iRebda ukve 

mcxeTidan _ msoflio marTlmadideblobis dasturiT. 

marTlac, afxazeTis sakaTalikoso 830 wels cno qarTlis (tao-klarje- 

Tis) samefo karma da albaT qarTlis (mcxeTis) sapatriarqomac, maleve am 

cnobis Semdeg is mirons mcxeTidan iRebs _ e.i. afxazeTis sakaTalikosoSi 

mironi ar ekurTxeboda, dasavleT saqarTveloSi mironi mcxeTidan mihqondaT, 

qarTuli eklesiis erTianobis niSnad.


istoria 

515 

xolo rac Seexeba mcxeTas _ aq mironi V saukunidanve ekurTxeboda. 

ismis aseTi kiTxva _ ratom mihqondaT afxazeTSi mironi ierusalimidan 

IX saukunis 40-ian wlebamde? roca dasavleT saqarTvelos zRvispireTis, 

abazgiis avtokefaluri saarqiepiskoposos da foTis samitropolitos gaer- 

Tianebis Semdeg warmoqmnilma eklesiam xatmebrZoluri eresis gamo gawyvita 

kavSiri konstantinopolis sapatriarqosTan, axalma eklesiam konstantinopolTan 

kavSiris gawyvetis Semdeg, Cans kavSiri daamyara ierusalimis 

sapatriarqosTan. 

arsebobs msgavsi magaliTic: roca goTeTis eklesiam VIII saukunis pirvel 

naxevarSi konstantinopolis sapatriarqoSi warmoqmnili xatmebrZoluri 

eresis gamo kavSiri gawyvita konstantinopolTan, goTeTis mTavari episkoposi 

ierusalimSi Cavida kurTxevisaTvis da iq sami weli eloda kurTxevas 

(ix. `cxovreba ioane guTelisa~). 

ioane guTeli antioqiis sapatriarqoSi ar mivida im mizezis gamo, rom 

antioqieli patriarqebi arabTa Semosevebis gamo ara antioqiaSi, aramed 

konstantinopolSi imyofebodnen im dros. 

aseve, abazgiis saarqiepiskopososa da fazisis samitropolitos gaer- 

TianebiT Seqmnilma axalma eklesiam, romelsac Semdgom afxazeTis sakaTalikoso 

ewoda, VIII saukunis pirvel naxevarSi xatmebrZolobis gamo kavSiri 

gawyvita konstantinopolTan da daamyara ierusalimis sapatriarqosTan. 

aRsaniSnavi da yuradsaRebia, rom ierusalimis sapatriarqoSi goTeTis 

episkoposi ar akurTxes da is qarTlSi (iberiaSi, mcxeTaSi) ekurTxa qarTlis 

kaTalikosis xeliT. ioane goTelis mcxeTaSi kurTxevis Sesaxeb berZnuli 

wyaroebic miuTiTeben. aseve srulebiT msgavsia da eTanxmeba aRniSnul 

faqts is, rom afxazeTis eklesiis mimarTac aseve moqceula ierusalimis 

sapatriarqo. 

msgavsad goTeTis damoukidebeli eklesiisa, afxazeTis eklesiac iberiis 

_ qarTlis eklesiisaTvis dauqvemdebarebia ierusalimis sapatriarqos. 

Cans, ierusalimsa da qarTul eklesias Soris im dros kargi urTierToba 

arsebobda. 

cnoba ioane guTelisa da afxazeTis mcxeTaze damokidebulebis Sesaxeb 

erTmaneTis msgavsia. ierusalimis sapatriarqos nebiT, afxazeTisaTvis saWiro 

mironi mcxeTas (qarTlSi) ekurTxeba, aseve ierusalimis sapatriarqodan 

mosuli ioane guTelic mcxeTaSi ekurTxeba. 

unda davaskvnaT, rom mironi mcxeTaSi V saukunidanve ekurTxeba, xolo 

daaxloebiT 720-830 wlebSi dasavleT saqarTvelos is nawili, romelic 

ufro adre konstantinopolze iyo damokidebuli, mirons ierusalimidan 

iRebda, xolo amis Semdeg mcxeTidan.


jafariZe 

afxazeTi da tao-klarjeTi 

qarTvelTa erovnuli konsolidaciis kerebi 

Tanamedrove istoriografiaSi miRebuli TvalsazrisiT, qarTuli erovnebis 

formireba dasrulebula XI saukuneSi. 79 gansxvavebiT Zveli qarTuli istoriografiisagan, 

romelsac miaCnia, rom qarTuli erovnuli erToba farnavazis 

saxelmwifos Seqmnis dros ukve arsebobda. 

IX-X saukuneSi, da saerTod arabTa batnobis Semdeg mkvlevarTa TvalsazrisiT, 

qarTuli erovnebis formirebisa da qarTveluri tomebis konsolidaciis 

kerebi yofila tao-klarjeTi da afxazeTi. 80 

g. wulaias azriT, afxazeTis samefos Seqmna yofila qarTveluri tomebis 

konsolidaciis erT-erTi etapi: «ÍÍÍÍÍ ÍÍÍÍÍÍÍ ÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍ ÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍ 

ÍÍÍÍÍÍ Í ÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍ ÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍ ÍÍÍÍÍÍÍ, ÍÍÍÍÍ `ÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍ ÍÍÍÍÍÍ~ ÍÍ 

ÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍ ÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍ Í ÍÍÍ, ÍÍÍ Í ÍÍÍÍÍÍ ÍÍÍÍ ÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍ ÍÍÍÍÍÍ ÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍ 

ÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍ ÍÍÍÍÍÍ. ÍÍÍ ÍÍÍ ÍÍÍÍ ÍÍ ÍÍÍÍÍÍ ÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍ ÍÍ- 

ÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍ ÍÍÍÍÍÍ«. 81 

sainteresoa, rogori eTnikuri Semadgenlobisa iyo qarTveluri tomebis 

konsolidaciis kerebi _ tao-klarjeTi da afxazeTi. 

tao-klarjeTis eTnikuri Semadgenlobis Sesaxeb Tanamedrove mkvlevarTa 

Soris n. maris Semdeg, azrTa sxvadasxvaoba arsebobs. `qarTlis cxovrebisa~ 

da sxva wyaroTa mixedviT, tao-klarjeTi da saerTod samxreT saqarTvelo 

mudam qarTvelebis qveyanaa. Tanamedrove mkvlevarebi midian daskvnamde, rom 

tao-klarjeTis aborigeni mosaxleoba iyo Wanur-megruli, rac srulebiT ar 

ewinaaRmdegeba Zvel qarTul wyaroebs. Tavis droze niko marma, Tavisi cnobili 

daskvnebidan gamomdinare, ganacxada, rom tao-klarjeTi TiTqosda somxuri 

qveyana iyo, xolo am mxareSi qalkedonitTa gamarjvebis wyalobiT am 

mxaris mosaxleoba gaqarTvelda _ TiTqosda saqarTvelo gamdidrda taoklarjeTis 

mosaxloebiT. 

tao-klarjeTi mudam qarTvelebiT iyo dasaxlebuli, is qarTlis samefo- 

Si Semavali qveyana iyo. `qarTlis cxovrebis~ mixedviT, qarTloss mieca 

qveyana, romlis samxreTi sazRvari gadis mTaze, romelic `mihyvebis dasavliT, 

kerZo, romlisa wyali gardmodis CrdiloT kerZo da mierTvis mtkuarsa, 

romel mihyvebis mTaSoris klarjeTsa da taos vidre zRuamdis~, 82 òZr- 

Koss misca tasiskariTgan vidre zRuamde sperisa, qveyana kldovani. aman 

oZrKos aRaSena orni cixe-qalaqi; ozZrKe da Tuxarisi~, 83 `javaxoss misca 

fanavriTgan vidre Tavadmde mtkuarisa da aman javaxos aRaSena... qalaqi 

artanisa, romalsac... hqYan huri, 84 farnavaz `movida klarjeTs da daipyra 

klarjeTi~. 85 farnavaz `JamiTi-Jamad mividis egriss da klarjeTs, moikiTxnis 

megrelni da klarjni~. 86 àndria moaqcivna megrelni da warvida gzasa 

klarjeTisasa~. 87


istoria 

517 

meTormete mefe farsmanis dros somxeTis samefom SemoierTa qarTlis 

sasazRvro qveynebi. mefis Zem arzokma ganizraxa `Zieba sazRvarTa qarTlisaTa~. 

`da iyo klarjeTis erisTavi arzuk mefisa, ... da igi avnebdis sazRvarTa 

somxiTisaTa, queyanasa parxlisasa, romel ars tao, da vervin Sevidoda 

mavne klarjeTs...~. 88 imperatori konstantine ubrZanebs episkopos ioanes: 

`sadaca jer iCino adgilTa qarTlisaTa, aRaSenen eklesiani~. `da warmovida 

episkoposi... da viTar moiwivnes adgilsa, romelsa hqYan eruSeTi da 

dautevna xuroni saqmeT eklesiisa~. 89 vaxtang gorgaslis ymawvilobis dros 

osebs `daurCes warutyuenvelad Kevni qarTlsani: kaxeTi da klarjeTi da 

egrisi~. 90 gorgasalma daniSna àrtavaz, erisTavi klarjeTisa~. 91 vaxtangma 

`dasua erTi episkoposad klarjeTs eklesiasa axizisasa, erTi artans eruSeTs~. 92 

herakle keisris dros `kualad wariRs berZenTa sazRvari qarTlisa; speri 

da bolo klarjeTisa, zRvispiri. da Svilni stefanozisni darCes `kldeTa 

Sina klarjeTisaTa~. 93 arCil mefem qali èrTi misca mamis Zmiswulsa missa, 

Svilsa guaram kurapalatisasa, romelsac hqonda klarjeTi da javaxeTi~. 94 

moyvanili amonaweridan Cans, rom `qarTlis cxovrebis~ Tanaxmad, mefe 

farnavazidan vidre mefe arCilamde, samxreTi saqarTvelo da tao-klarje- 

Ti mudam qarTlis samefoSi Semavali qveyanaa, Tumca, zogjer saberZneTi da 

somxeTi TavianT samefoebs uerTeben qarTlis am qveyanas. magram am dros 

rogorc qarTlis samefo xelisuflebis, aseve adgilobrivi qarTvelebis 

mizania, gaaTavisuflon es qveynebi da daubrunon qarTls. sarwmunoebrivadac 

qarTlis `xevTagan~ pirveli swored klarjeTi (da egrisi) iRebs 

qristianobas. andria pirvelwodebulma iqadaga ara marto klarjeTSi, aramed 

taoSic. 95 berZeni episkoposi, romelsac nabrZanebi aqvs qarTlis sxvadasxva 

kuTxeebSi aaSenos eklesiebi, pirvel eklesias aSenebs tao-klarjeTSi. vaxtang 

gorgasali ki ukve klarjeTSi niSnavs episkoposs. klarjeTis mosaxleobas, 

`klarjebs~, moikiTxavs xolme mefe farnavazi. klarjebi qarTlis, 

anu Tavis mamulis moyvaruli patriotebi, kargi meomrebi arian: `mkYdrni 

klarjeTisani iyvnes kacni mkYrcxni da mKedarnica~. 96 roca qarTlis samefos 

mosazRvre somxeTis saxelmwifom sasazRvro teritoriebi CamoaWra, 

ver SeZlo klarjeTis dapyroba _ klarjebis mamacobisa da mamuliSvilobis 

gamo, piriqiT, klarjeTis erisTavi Tavisi meomrebiT am mezobeli saxelmwifos 

sazRvrebSi iWreba, mitacebuli teritoriebis qarTlis samefosaTvis 

dabrunebis mizniT. 97 aqedan Cans, rom `klarjni~ qarTveli eris 

nawilia, cxovroben qarTvelTa samefoSi da erTgulad icaven mas. 

aseTive mdgomareoba iyo dasavleT saqarTveloSi _ àfxazeTSi~. dasavleT 

saqarTvelos eTnografiuli saxe `msgavsi~ iyo tao-klarjeTis eTnografiuli 

saxisa. 

xazgasmiT aRsaniSnavia da friad mniSvnelovani qarTveli eris Camoyalibebis 

istoriisaTvis, rom swored tao-klarjeTi da afxazeTi, eTnografiu-


jafariZe 

li saxiT TiTqosda araerTgvarovanni, iqcnen `qarTvelTa erovnebis formirebisa~ 

da qarTveluri tomebis `konsolidaciis~ kerebad. TiTqosda `qarTuli 

erovnebis~ Camoyalibebisa da Seqmnis kera unda yofiliyo Sida qarTli, 

romelic eTnografiuli saxiT erTgvarovani iyo da Sedgeboda mxolod 

qarTebisagan, magram IX-X saukuneebSi, qarTuli erovnebis formirebis procesSi 

yvelaze naklebad swored Sida qarTli monawileobs (arabTagan dapyrobis 

gamo). am saqmeSi aqtiuri roli akisria tao-klarjeTs da afxazeTs. im 

gasaocar faqts, rom qarTuli erovnebis erTobis idea da qarTveluri tomebis 

konsolidacia moxda im kuTxeebSi, romelnic eTnografiulad TiTqosda 

araerTgvarovanni iyvnen, SeiZleba movuZebnoT erTaderTi mizezi: ukve IX 

saukuneSi da manamdec Camoyalibebuli iyo erTiani qarTveli eri, romlis 

sacxovrissac warmoadgenda rogorc dasavleT saqarTvelo, aseve tao-klarjeTi. 

sinamdvileSi es mxareebi eTnikurad erTgvarovanni iyvnen. 

IX-XI saukuneebSi tao-klarjeTisa da afxazeTis qarTul-erovnuli aqtiuroba, 

am mxareebSi qarTul-kulturuli aRorZineba gamowveuli iyo ara 

imiT, rom iq axlad Camoyalibda erovnuli erTobis grZnoba, aramed imiT, 

rom qarTveli eris erovnuli centrebi _ mcxeTa da Tbilisi, aseve Sida 

qarTli, arabTagan iyo dapyrobili da iq SeuZlebeli iyo erovnuli kerebis 

arseboba. amitomac, erovnul centrebad iqca qarTvelebiT dasaxlebuli is 

kuTxeebi, romlebzedac mters naklebad miuwvdeboda xeli. es iyo, swored, 

tao-klarjeTi da afxazeTi, miT umetes, rom am mxareebSi gadainacvla 

qarTveli eris politikurma centrebma. arabTagan qveynis dapyrobasa da 

qarTlis samefos ganadgurebas unda gamoewvia ara `qarTuli erovnebis 

formirebis dasruleba~, aramed, piriqiT, qarTvelebis denacionalizacia, 

radganac arabTa batonobas iseTi didi xalxis `denacionalizaciac~ ki 

gamouwvevia, rogoric iyvnen iranelebi. 98 g. wulaias gamokvlevis Tanaxmad, 

qarTvel erovnebas saxelmwifoebriobis likvidaciisa (VI s.) da arabTagan 

dapyrobis Semdeg (VII s.) `Zalze maRali done hqonia eTnikuri konsolidaciisa~, 

99 advili misaxvedria, Tuki qarTvelobas erovnuli saxelmwifos gauqmebis 

Semdegac ki erovnuli konsolidaciis done Zalze maRali hqonda, kidev 

ufro maRali iqneboda qarTvelTa eTnikuri konsolidaciis done erovnuli 

saerTo qarTuli saxelmwifos arsebobis dros. swored amas miuTiTebs da- 

JinebiT `qarTlis cxovreba~. mefe farnavazidan (III s. qristes win) vidre 

vaxtang gorgaslis Svilebamde (VI) qarTvel ers uwyvetad hqonda erovnuli 

saxelmwifo, romlis SemadgenlobaSic uciloblad Sedioda rogorc dasavle- 

Ti (Semdgomdroindeli àfxazeTi~), ise samxreT saqarTvelo (tao-klarjeTi). 

cxadia, qarTuli eTnikuri konsolidaciis done erovnuli saxelmwifos 

ganadgurebis Semdeg Semcirdeboda, da Tu igi mainc inarCunebda pirvandel 

saxes, es imaze miuTiTebs, rom qarTuli erovnuli erToba erovnuli saxelmwifos 

arsebobis dros kidev ufro maRali iqneboda, rac qarTveli eris 

arsebobis safuZvels qmnida. 100


istoria 

519 

qarTuli tomebis integraciis erT-erTi maCvenebeli qarTuli damwerlobis 

Seqmnac yofila. 101 `qarTlis cxovrebis~ Tanaxmad, qarTuli mwignobroba 

Seiqmna erTiani saqarTvelos mefis, farnavazis dros. iv. javaxiSvilis 

azriT, qarTuli damwerloba saTaves iRebs VII-VI saukuneebSi qristes win, 

xolo r. patariZis ganmokvlevis Tanaxmad, qarTuli damwerloba Seqmnila 

V saukuneSi qristes win. 

fuZeqarTuli enobrivi erTobis daSla swored qristemde, VIII-IV saukuneebSia 

mosalodneli. ase rom, im dros, rodesac qarTvelebma Seqmnes 

qarTuli anbani (anda SemoiRes finikiuri anbani TavianTi enobrivi saWiroebisaTvis), 

jer kidev ar yofilan formirebulni qarTebi da megrelebi, jer 

kidev arsebobda maTi enobrivi erToba. damwerlobis SemoReba kidev ufro 

Seuwyobda xels rogorc fuZe-qarTulenovani tomebis integracias, agreTve 

farnavazis mier erTiani saxelmwifos Seqmnasac, romlis SemadgenlobaSi 

Sedioda rogorc dasavleTi, aseve samxreT saqarTvelo, Semdeg afxazeTad 

da tao-klarjeTad wodebuli miwebi. 

am saukuneebSi (IV-III saukune qristes win) megruli ena naklebad iqneboda 

formirebuli rogorc damoukidebeli ena; SesaZloa, is yofiliyo dialeqti 

fuZeqarTuli enisa; fuZeqarTuli ki jer kidev mis saboloo daSlamde 

iqca saxelmwifo da kultis msaxurebis enad. fuZeqarTuli ena da Zveli 

qarTuli saliteraturo ena erTi da igive unda iyos. 

samegreloSi saSualo da maRali fenebi (samRvdeloeba da aristokratia) 

saxelmwifoebrivi, sakulto da xSirad saojaxo saWiroebisaTvis iyenebdnen 

ara megrul, aramed qarTul saxelmwifo da kultis msaxurebis 

enas _ Zvel qarTul saliteraturo enas. Cans, megruli, rogorc damoukidebeli 

ena, mxolod SemdegSi, saukuneTa manZilze Camoyalibda. es unda momxdariyo 

pirvel aTaswleulSi qristes Sobis Semdeg. swored egrisisaTvis 

sparseT-bizantiis omebi, erTiani qarTuli saxelmwifos gauqmeba (VI saukuneSi), 

romlis SemadgenlobaSi yovelTvis Sedioda egrisi, arabTa Semoseva 

VII saukuneSi, VII saukunis dasawyisSi saqarTvelos SavizRvispireTis aneqsia 

bizantiis mier da iq berZnuli eklesiis gabatoneba xels Seuwyobda 

megruli dialeqtis gadaqcevas damoukidebel enad. es procesi SemdgomSic, 

qarTuli saxelmwifos saboloo daSlis merec gaRrmavdeboda. ase rom, 

arabTa mier qarTuli erovnuli (arCilis) saxelmwifos dangreva xels ki 

ar Seuwyobda qarTveli erovnebis formirebis saqmes, piriqiT, saxelmwifos 

daSla eris daSlas da erovnul gadagvarebas ganapirobebda. amas adasturebs 

ioane sabanisZe, romelic àbo Tbilelis wamebaSi~ aRniSnavs, rom 

qarTvelni am mZime dros iseve meryevni arian, rogorc lerwamni qariSxlis 

droso. magram faqtia, rom arabTa batonobis odnavi SesustebisTanave 

yofili qarTlis samefos periferiebSi (radganac centri dapyrobili iyo) 

_ dasavleT saqarTvelosa da tao-klarjeTSi _ ganviTarda da swrafad


jafariZe 

ayvavda qarTuli erovnuli kultura, erovnuli TviTSegnebis grZnoba, erovnuli 

saxelmwifoebrioba. amis mizezi iyo is, rom arabTa Semosevamde gacilebiT 

adre rogorc dasavleT, ise samxreT saqarTvelos mcxovrebni erovnulad 

qarTvelebi iyvnen da maT amis Segneba hqondaT. swored am mizezis gamo 

qarTuli erovnuli centrebi arabTa mier aRmosavleT saqarTvelos dapyrobis 

dros gadavida dasavleT da samxreT saqarTveloSi. swored afxaze- 

Ti da tao-klarjeTi qarTveli eris politikur centrebad iqca, erovnuli 

saxelmwifoebrioba aRdga, qarTuli kultura ayvavda. im dros, roca aRmosavleT 

saqarTvelo (qarTuli erovnebis `birTvi~), arabTa mier iyo dapyrobili 

da iqauri qarTvelebi erovnul gadagvarebas ganicdidnen, qarTuli 

erovnuli erTobis, qarTuli saxelmwifoebriobisa da kulturis kerad afxazeTi 

imitom iqca, rom arabTa Semosevamde didi xniT adre dasavleTi 

saqarTvelo ukve qarTuli qveyanaa, romlis mcxovrebT qarTvelebi ewodebaT. 

g. wulaias azriT, jer kidev Cveni welTaRricxvis dasawyisSi qarTveluri 

tomebis integracia iTvlida araerT aswleuls. 102 amave Tvalsazriss 

adasturebs `qarTlis cxovrebac~. 

ZvelqarTuli erovnebis konsolidaciis axali etapi dawyebula qristianobis 

saxelmwifo religiad gadaqcevis Semdeg. 103 qarTul enaze werilobi- 

Ti literaturis Seqmna qarTvelTa eTnikuri konsolidaciis maRali donis 

niSani yofila. 104 TviT sakuTriv afxazeTSic ki, e.i. egriswylisa da klisuras 

iqiT mdebare teritoriaze, qarTul werilobiT kulturas xangrZlivi 

istoria hqonia jer kidev qarTuli miwebis gaerTianebisaTvis moZraobis 

dawyebis adreul etapze, miT umetes qarTul werilobiT kulturas gacilebiT 

ufro xangrZlivi istoria eqneboda egrisSi, anu dasavleT saqarTvelo- 

Si, saidanac es kultura gavrceldeboda sakuTriv afxazeTSi. saukuneTa 

manZilze, arabTa Semosevamde, egrisi politikurad `qarTlis samefos~ Semadgenel 

nawilad miiCneoda. 

«... ÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍ ÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍ ÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍ ÍÍoÍÍÍ ÍÍÍÍÍÍÍ, ÍÍÍ ÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍ 

ÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍ ÍÍÍÍÍÍÍ, ÍÍÍÍ ÍÍÍÍÍÍ ÍÍÍÍÍ Í ÍÍÍÍ ÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍ ÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍ ÍÍÍÍÍÍ 

Í ÍÍÍÍÍÍ ÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍ. ÍÍÍÍÍÍ ÍÍÍÍ ÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍ Í ÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍ... 

ÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍ ÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍ ÍÍÍÍÍÍÍ Í ÍÍÍÍÍÍÍ ÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍ ÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍ 

ÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍ-ÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍ ÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍ, Í Í ÍÍÍÍ ÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍ ÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍ 

ÍÍ ÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍ«. 105 

qarTuli istoriuli tradicia jer kidev afxazTa samefos Seqmnamde dasavleT 

saqarTvelos _ egrisis mcxovrebT miiCnevda qarTlis samefos mcxovreblebad 

_ `naTesaviT qarTvelebad~. mematianeebma ician, rom afxazeTis samefos 

SeqmniT dasavleT saqarTvelos erovnuli Semadgenloba ar Secvlila _ Seicvala 

mxolod da mxolod qveynis saxelwodeba. dasavleTi saqarTvelo, anu 

afxazeTi da samxreTi saqarTvelo, anu tao-klarjeTi, ara marto politikurad 

da kulturulad, aramed eTnikuradac qarTuli qveynebi iyvnen.


istoria 

521 

swored am mizezis gamo iqcnen eTnografiulad àraerTgvarovani~ afxazeTi 

da tao-klarjeTi qarTuli erovnuli formireba – konsolidaciis 

kerebad. sinamdvileSi es qveynebi eTnikurad erTgvarovanni iyvnen da maTi 

mcxovrebni erovnulad qarTvelebs miakuTvnebdnen TavianT Tavs ZvelTaganve 

_ ZvelqarTuli saxelmwifos arsebobis dros. 

IX-X saukuneebamde gacilebiT adre dasavleT saqarTvelos mosaxleobas 

qarTvelebad miiCnevdnen ara marto qarTveli, aramed ucxoeli istorikosebic. 

V-VI saukuneTa ucxoeli istorikosebi xSirad uwodebdnen dasavleT 

saqarTvelos iberias. 106 

qarTuli eklesiis Tavdadebuli Rvawli pirveli 

mahmadianuri Semotevis winaaRmdeg 

(wmida (wmida abo abo Tbileli, Tbileli, wmida wmida daviTi daviTi da da konstantine, 

konstantine, 

wmida wmida arCil arCil mefe, mefe, wmida wmida miqael miqael gobroni, 

gobroni, 

wmida wmida konstantine konstantine qarTveli) 

qarTveli) 

saqarTvelos, rogorc mTlian eTnokulturul erTeuls, mahmadianobam 

Semoutia orjer. pirveli Semoteva daiwyo VII saukuneSi, mahmadianuri 

sarwmunoebis warmoSobisTanave da gagrZelda TiTqmis XII saukunemde, xolo 

meored _ mahmadianobam saqarTvelos Semoutia XV-XVIII saukuneebSi. am or 

SemotevaTa Sua, XI-XIV saukuneebSi, qarTvelma xalxma SeZlo Tavisi qveynis 

politikuri gaerTianeba, saqarTvelos Zlier saxelmwifod daarseba, romelic 

agresorTagan icavda sakuTar da saqarTvelos mfarvelobis qveS myof 

xalxebs. VII-VIII saukuneebSi `ganefina qadageba mahmad usjulosa da mravali 

eri Seudga mas~, 107 saqarTvelos mezoblad mcxovrebi mravali qristiani 

xalxi gamahmadianda, ris gamoc dakarga Tavisi eTnikuri saxe da 

gadagvarda. siriel xalxs gaaCnda didi warsuli, kultura da TavisTavadi 

saxe. gamahmadianebis Semdeg ki TandaTanobiT gaarabda. siriuli qristianuli 

literatura gansaxilvel epoqaSi iseTive Rrma da mdidari iyo, 

rogorc berZnuli qristianuli literatura. gansakuTrebiT mniSvnelovani 

danakargi iyo qristianobisaTvis saqarTvelos mezoblad mcxovrebi albaneli 

xalxis gadagvareba gamahmadianebis Semdeg. igive bedi eweoda Cvens 

ersac, Tuki medgar winaaRmdegobas ar gauwevda maxviliT mosul mters da 

mis sarwmunoebas. aRsaniSnavia, rom mahmadianobis zemoaRniSnulma pirvelma 

Semotevam mniSvnelovnad daaziana Cveni erovnul-kulturuli sxeuli, 

saqarTvelom dakarga Tavisi zogierTi istoriuli provincia samxreT-aRmosavleTiT 

am kuTxeTa erovnuli gadagvarebis gamo.


jafariZe 

qariSxlis siswrafiT SeiWrnen muslimebi bizantiur miwa-wyalze. 634 

wlis Semdeg sul ramdenime weliwadSi dai pyres siria, palestina da 

egvi pte. es qveynebi manamde bizantias ekuTvnoda, 640-ian wlebSi daeca 

irani. Cveni mematianis TvalsazrisiT, dacema daaCqara iman, rom iqamde 

herakle keisars sastikad mouoxrebia irani. `rameTu vinaiTgan Sesrul iyo 

erakle mefe sparseTs da ganeryuna sparseTi, da arRaravin iyo winaaRmdgomi 

sparseTs, agarianman daipyra sparseTi~. 108 

bizantiis aRmosavluri qveynebis mosaxleoba, romelTac tradiciuli 

siZulvili gaaCndaT bizantielTa mimarT eTnikuri da sarwmunoebrivi gansxvavebulobis 

gamo, ar uwevda winaaRmdegobas arabebs. wyaroebSi aRniSnulia, 

rom siria-palestinis fanatikosi monofiziti berebic ki masobrivad 

tovebdnen monastrebs da arabul laSqars uerTdebodnen. amis Semdeg 

gasakviri ar aris, Tu am qveynebis bevri qalaqis kari ubrZolvelad ixsneboda 

arabebis winaSe. 109 herakle keisarma miatova aRmosavleTis qveynebi. 

vinme erT monazons misTvis uTqvams: ìvltodeT, rameTu ufalman misca 

aRmosavleTi da samxreTi sarkinozTa~. 110 

sayovelTao SiSis dros, roca TviT qristiani monofiziti berebic ki 

sasoebiT Sehyurebdnen arabebs, viTarca uflis nebis aRmsruleblebs, qarTuli 

eklesia, misi moweseTa dasi, ber-monazvnoba mxneobas aniWebda qarTvel ers, 

sityviT da saqmiT aZlevda mahmadianebTan brZolis saocar magaliTebs. 

yvela qristiani da araqristiani morwmunisaTvis cnobili iyo, Tu ras niSnavda 

abraamis memkvidreoba, RvTisagan rCeuli eris Sviloba. msoflio arenaze 

arabTa warmatebuli gamosvla CaiTvala imis niSnad, rom RvTisagan arCeul 

abraamis Zes, ismailsac, daubruna ufalma rCeuloba, rom ismailitebic abraamis 

STamomavalni, RvTisagan rCeulebi arian. aqedan gamomdinare, maTi sarwmuneobac 

RvTismieria da RvTis nebiT imarjveben mTels qveyanaze. miiRes kidec muhamedis 

mier qadagebuli sarwmunoeba siriisa da palestinis qristianma xalxebma, iranisa 

da maxlobeli aRmosavleTis cecxlTayvanismcemlebma. 

arabTa aseTi sarwmunoebrivi Zlevamosilebis fonze cis quxiliviT gaisma 

abraamis STamomavali arabi abos mier qristes sarwmunoebisaTvis Tavis 

gawirva. wmida mama grigol xanZTeli werda: 

`mkvidrad aRTqmisa gamobrwyindi 

da Zed zecisa Cinebulad iwode 

naSobad abrahamisa 

iqmen sanatrelo isaak meore 

nebsiT mogvrili dakvlad 

Sesawiravad uflisa~. 111 

wmida abo Tbilelis Rvawli WeSmaritad samagaliTo iyo abos arabuli 

warmoSobis gamo. rogorc abraamma Seswira ufals isaaki da dasaklavad


istoria 

523 

miiyvana uflis sakurTxevelTan, aseve abo Tbilelma, meore isaakma, abraamis 

Zem, Tavisi STamomavlobis gamo, Tavi Tvisi nebiT Sewira ufals. stefane 

sananois Ze _ Wyondideli episkoposi mouwodebda msoflios yvela ers 

qarTvelebTan erTad misuliyvnen da exilaT abo Tbilelis qristesTvis 

moRvaweoba _ `yovelni Teslni movediT mkvidrTa Tana qarTlisaTa dRes, da 

ixileT Rvawlisa mZle habo ganSuenebuli brwyinvaled sisxliTa wamebisaA- 

Ta~. 112 wmida abom Tavisi sisxliT ganwmida eri da qveyana. `ganswmide 

qarTli sisxliTa SeniTa daTxeviTa, mowameo~. 113 abos galobaSi naTqvamia _ 

àRavso man eklesiaA nelsacxebeliTa surnelebiTa da wmida yo eri madliTa 

saRmToATa~. 114 

qarTulma eklesiam, da saerTod qarTvelobam, SeZlo Seuryeveli dacva 

qristianuli sarwmunoebisa, Tumc ki _ `mravalni SeacTunnes da gardadriknes 

gzisagan simarTlisa... naSobni qristianeTani gardagularZnnes, romelnime 

mZlavrebiT, romelnime SetyuviliT, romelnime siyrmesa Sina umecrebiT, 

romelnime mzakvrebiT da sxvani, romelni ese varT morwmuneni mZlavrebasa 

queSe damonebulni da naklulevanebiTa da siglaxakiTa Sekrulni viTarca 

rkiniTa, xarksa queSe maTsa guemulni da qenjnilni Zvir-Zvirad zRveulni 

SiSiTa ganilevian da iryevian viTarca lerwamni qarTagan ZlierTa, aramed 

qristes siyvaruliTa da SiSiTa, Cveulebisaebr mamulisa svlisa WirTa 

moTminebiTa ara ganeSorebian _ mxolod Sobilsa Zesa RmrTisasa~. 115 

am dros (e.i VIII s-Si) qarTvelebi _ `xuTasis wlisa JamTa da uwinaresRa 

sjuldebul yofil arian wmidiTa madliTa naTlisRebisaATa~. swored aseT 

dros _ `Jamsa amas oden mefobisa ismaitelTa didebisa _ Sen nebsiT 

simdable qristesTvis aRirCie da maxviliTa pyrobili igi sjuli ganagde 

da WeSmariti igi aRiare~, _ mimarTavs abo Tbilels ioane sabanisZe. `gana 

es qristianobis zneobrivi Zlierebis saucxovo damamtkicebeli sabuTi ar 

iyo, Tu rom TviT arabma TavisiT, Zaldautanebliv, mahmadianoba qristianobaze 

gascvala? mahmadianobas ki arabebi ZaliT avrcelebdnen, amitomac igi 

`maxviliTa pyrobili Sjuli iyo~... am garemoebam `swavlulni ufrois 

gulisxmier~ hyo da Caafiqra, `Seryeulni ufrois ganamtkica~ da gaamxneva, 

xolo `ganmtkicebulni `gaamxiarula da gaaxara~. 116 abos xseneba iyo 7 

ianvars. uwamebiaT 786-790 wlebSi. wmida grigol xanZTeli Tavis locvaSi, 

romelic man `cremliT warTqva~ xanZTis saxelovani taZris Senebisas, 

mowameebs uwodebs eklesiis burjsa da zRudes. winaswarmetyvelni, mociqulni, 

mowameni da Rirsi mamebi _ èse oTx-kerZo krebuli... simtkice 

eqmnnes wmidaTa SenTa eklesiaTa~ 117 _ loculobda igi macxovris winaSe. 

eklesiis siqadulsa da erisaTvis misabaZ magaliTs warmoadgenda qristesTvis 

Tavdadebul qarTvel mefeTa mowamebrivi Rvawli arabTa Semosevis 

dros. Zveli qarTuli wyaroebiT bizantiis xatmebrZol imperator lev III 

isavrosis (daax. 675-741), `qarTvelTa zeda vaxtang gorgaslisisa SvilT-


jafariZe 

asa~ 118 (igulisxmeba miri da arCili) mefobis dros dasavleT saqarTveloSi, 

argveTSi, uwamebiaT mTavrebi mxeiZeTa sagvareulodan _ daviTi da konstantine 

(xseneba `TTuesa okdonbersa 31~). 

`viTarca gviswavies ZvelTa uwyebaTagan, iyvnes wmidani ese mowameni daviT 

da konstantine qarTvelni, sanaxebisagan argueTisa, didni da didebulni 

tomobiT, mTavarni amis queynisani, da Tvis eyvodes urTierTas da iyvnes 

ganaTlebul embaziTa qadagebulisa andria da simon kananelisaTa, rameTu 

maT uqadages qriste qarTvelTa Soris, pirvelad ninois mosvlisa~. 119 isini 

iyvnen ucoloni, sruliad Wabukni `qalwul xorciTa da mecnier Zuelisa da 

axlisa sjulisa, WeSmariti morwmuneni da gamocdilni da axovanni wyobasa 

Sina~. argveTSi, qarTulma laSqarma daviTisa da konstantines meTaurobiT 

daamarcxa arabTa laSqris winmavali rCeuli nawili, ùricxvi mosres da 

aRudgines ZlevaA didi qristianeTa~. 120 amis Semdeg murvan-yru Tavisi 

laSqriT samcxidan gadasula dasavleT saqarTveloSi. `warmoemarTnes vi- 

Tarca qviSaA simravliTa da movides queynad argueTisa da Seicves tye da 

veli da mTani da borcuni~. daviT da konstantine Seipyres. mematianis 

sityviT, qarTvelTa winaaRmdegobiT gakvirvebulma murvan-yrum mimarTa 

mowameebs _ `vinani xarT Tqven qvaTa da ZelTa msaxurno, romelTa ikadreT 

winaganwyobaA Cemi? anu ara iciTa, viTarmed didisa mociqulisa muhamedisa 

diswuli var, romlisa sjulsa hmonobs yoveli arabeTi da sparseTi da 

damimorCilebia yoveli qveyanaA dasavleTiTgan vidre aRmosavleTamde?~ 121 

murvani maTgan iTxovda qristianobis uaryofas da mahmadianobis aRiarebas, 

ris sanacvlodac hpirdeboda qveyniur didebas, razedac pasuxad miiRes 

wmidanebisagan: `viTarca igi pirvel aRviareT sarwmunoeba Cveni WeSmariti 

da vwameT, mas zeda mtkiced da urqcevel varT da veraraman Wirman 

da arca didebaman amis sawuToAsagan ver ganmaSornes Cuen siyvarulsa da 

sarwmunoebasa iesu qristessa~. 122 

sastiki tanjvis Semdeg wmida mowameni mdinare rionSi daaxrCves. murvanyrum 

amis Semdeg `Semusrna yovelni qalaqni da simagreni egrisis queyanisani 

da cixe igi sam-zRude, romel ars cixe-goji, Semusra da Sevlo zRude 

ìgi sazRvari klisurisa... da viTarca Sevlo yruman klisura, romel iyo 

sazRvari saberZneTisa da saqarTvelosa, da Semusra qalaqi afSileTisa 

cxumi da moadga cixesa anakofiisasa, romelsa ars xati yovladwmidisa 

RmrTismSoblisa... mun Sina iyvnes maSin mefeni qarTlisani miri da arCil~. 123 

ltolvilma qarTvelma mefeebma gabedes iqamde uZleveli laSqris winaaRmdeg 

gabrZoleba. èCuena mas Ramesa arCils angelozi uflisa, romelman 

hrqua mas: `warvediT da ewyueniT agarianTa, rameTu mimivlinebia maTzeda 

guema sastikad momsvreli, kaciTgan pirutyvTamde~. 124 marTlac, RamiT sastikma 

muclis tifma daxoca 35 aTasi sarkinozi, xolo mefeebma SebrZolebisas 

daxoces 3 aTasi. mteri ukuiqca, dabanakda mdinareebs, abaSasa da


istoria 

525 

cxeniswyals Sua. aq uecarma wyaldidobam daxoca aTeul aTasi molaSqre 

da maTi cxenebi. saqarTveloSi arabTa am sakvirvel damarcxebas didad 

gauxarebia bizantiis imperatori, rogorc amas gvauwyebs mematiane. 

arabTa batonoba kavkasiaSi kidev didxans gagrZelda. àmieriTgan iwyo 

Semcirebad mefobaman didTa mefeTa xuasroanTaman~. 125 xosroian mefeTa, anu 

qarTvelTa ganmanaTlebel mirianisa da vaxtang gorgaslis STamomavali 

arCil mefe devnili gadasula kaxeTSi, magram Semdgom misula arabebTan, 

raTa qveynisaTvis mSvidoba gamoeTxova. `wmidaman arCil ganizraxa gonebasa 

Tvissa... raTa mivides da naxos da iTxovos mSvidoba queyanisa da dacva 

Seuryevlad eklesiaTa da ara dapatiJeba datevebisaTvis sjulisa~. 126 ar- 

Cili Seipyres, moTxoves qriatianobis uaryofa, nacvlad Sepirdnen yovelgvar 

qveyniur sikeTes. wmida arCili awames da Tavi mohkveTes `Tvesa 

mirkanissa, romel ars marti, ocsa mis Tvisasa~. es momxdara 744 wels. 

qarTuli eklesia 17 noembers aRniSnavda wmida mowame gobronisa da 

masTan erTad 133 mxedris xsenebas. isini arabebs 914 wels uwamebiaT. 

`gobroni~ arabulad Turme uSiSar vaJkacs ewodeba. gobronis naTlobis 

saxeli miqaeli yofila. wmida miqael _ gobronis martvilobis aRmweri 

stefane mtbevari (tbeTis) episkoposi wers arabTa Sesaxeb _ `kacni mxecisa 

bunebisani, mtacebelni, romelTa saxli ars da cxorebaA aqlemisa zurgi, 

naTesavni uricxvni, romelTaTvis viTarca ZaRlni mbrZolni arian mxecTa 

maT velurTa~. 127 

eklesias swyuroda xalxis simSvidiT cxovreba, raTa `samwysoni igi 

qristesni myudroebiT iswavebodnen RmrTis msaxurebasa da ara brZolasa 

`viTarca winaswarmetyveli ityvis `dasWridnen maxvilebsa maTsa manglad 

da laxvrebsa maTsa saxnisad~, 128 magram mahmadianTa Semosevam Secvala 

qristianTa mSvidi cxovreba, wers mematiane. 

sarkinozTa Cveuleba aseTiao, wers istorikosi, 

roca qveynis dapyrobis Semdeg gascemdnen 

qristianis sikvdiliT dasjis brZanebas, aRi- 

Wurvebodnen, rogorc brZolis dRes, alesavdnen 

maxvils, erTmaneTs uswrebdnen, TiTqosda 

qristianis mokvliT raRac didi safasuri unda 

miiRono. aseve, roca yveliscixidan gamohyavdaT 

misi 133 damcveli da maTTan erTad wmida mowame 

gobroni, maSin arabebi `viTarca mxecni borotni 

gamZvinebulni Seerines aRreulad da urTierTsa 

uswrebdes, romelnime maxviliTa scemdes, 

romelime horoliTa da isriTa SesCxuebdes 

da dasWrides xorcTa maTTa, danebiTa ganapebdes 

da RviZlebi igi maTi, viTarca ZaRlTa


jafariZe 

piriTa ganetaca. da esreT dasTxines sisxlni maTni, da esreT srul iqmna wamebaA 

maTi qristes mier, xolo netari gobron waradgines winaSe amirisa mis~. 129 

arabebs surdaT, wmida gobroni, viTarca saxelovani kaci, gaemahmadianebinaT. 

mtkice uaris Semdeg gobrons jer aCvenes daWril-dasaxiCrebuli da 

nawamebi qarTveli qristianebi, mere ki aCvenes simdidre da qoneba, romlis 

micemasac dahpirdnen qristianobis uaryofis Semdeg. am xerxma ar gasWra, 

amitomac gadawyvites gobronis SeSineba, mis Tvalwin dakles cocxlad 

gadarCenili qristianebi. `sisxli maTi epkureboda mas, da romelnime guami 

davardis mis winaSe da romelsame guami Segordis queSe ferxTa misTa~, 130 

magram `ver SeaZrwunes guli misi~. 

amiras winaSe wmida gobronma ganacxada: ìqmode raAca gnebavs, me qristiani 

var da arasada uvarvyo saxeli misi~. wmida gobrons Tavi warkveTes. misi 

wamebiT `Seimosa eklesiaman samkauli sixarulisa da brwyinvalebisaA sisxliTa 

misiTa, daidga gvirgvini Suenierebisa da didebisaA simxniTa misiTa~. 131 

avtori stefane mtbevari episkoposi mouwodebs qristianebs _ àw ukue 

moakvdineniT xorcni Tquenni da juars acuT igi SromiTa da marxviTa, 

gvirgviniTa mowameTaATa... Sen nebsiT Tavi Tvisi moswyvide da ese ars 

msxverpli ubiwoA, romelsa ara uxms mRdeli Semwirveli, rameTu romeli 

amas qveyanasa zeda damdabldes, igi caTa Sina amaRldebis qristeis iesuis 

mier uflisa Cvenisa, romlisa aras didebaA mamisa Tana suli wmidiTurT, 

aw da maradis da ukuniTi ukunisamde~. 132 

853 wlis 10 noembers uwamebiaT konstanti 

qarTveli. `mas Jamsa oden iyo vinme queyanasa 

qarTlisasa, sanaxebsa zena soflisasa, kaci, 

romelsa saxeli erqua konstanti, romelsa ewoda 

kaxaA, saxelad mamulisa mis queyanisa~. 133 ivane 

javaxiSvilis azriT, konstanti qarTvelis 

martvilobis aRmweri, SesaZloa, iyo saberZneTSi 

myofi romelime beri, 134 radgan avtors dro 

qarTvel mTavarTa mefobisda mixedviT ki ara 

aqvs gansazRvruli, aramed bizantiis dedoflis 

mefobisda gvarad. 135 konstanti didad warCinebuli 

kaci yofila mTel saqarTveloSi (`yovelsa 

queyanasa qarTlisasa~), mdidari, saqarTvelos 

farglebs gareTac ki ganTqmuli iyo misi 

saxeli, bizantiis imperatorebsac smenodaT mis 

Sesaxeb. igi Semkuli iyo òrkerZoiTave maT saqmiTa~, pirvelad hqonda 

sarwmunoeba Cveni uflis ieso qristes mimarT `da kualad aqunda netarsa 

mas sarwmunoebaA mRdelTa moZRvarTa mimarT da yovelTa moweseTa elesiisaTa~. 

136 iyo stumarTmoyvare, glaxakTmoyvare, hqonda simdable, Tavis Tavs


istoria 

527 

yvelaze ufro met codvilad Tvlida, moiloca ierusalimi da simdidriT 

gaavso iqauri glaxakebi `da viTar moxucebuli iyo, iqmna netari igi 

oTxmeoc da xuTisa wlisa JamTa oden hasakisa misisaTa aRdga devnulebaA 

didi qristianeTa zeda yovelsa queyanas qarTlisasa~. konstanti-kaxa 26 

agvistos Seipyres `viTarca winamZRvari da warCinebuli yovelsa queyanasa 

qarTlisa~. Seiyvanes Tbilisis sapyrobileSi, warudgines buRa-Turqs, romelmac 

imave wlis (853w.) 5 agvistos Tbilisi dawva. atenis sionis warweraze 

dayrdnobiT, ivane javaxiSvilis azriT, konstantisTan erTad SeupyriaT misi 

Ze Tarxujic. konstantis mosTxoves qristianobis uaryofa. uaris Sedeg 

daades borkili da gagzavnes SuamdinareTis qalaq samaraSi xalifa jafaris 

winaSe. cemis, tanjvis, Seuracxyofa-damcirebis miuxedavad, wmidanma 

ar uaryo qristianoba, risTvisac sikvdiliT dasajes. Tavis mokveTis win 

loculobda: `gigalob Sen, ufalo, RmerTo ZalTao, RmerTo saukuneTao, romelman 

momec me Zali winaaRmdgomad ukeTurisa amis msajulisa, viTarca igi winaiswar 

sTqvi, viTarmed: `Tquen momceniTa gulni Tquenni da me migec Zali Cemi...~ 

konstantis sikvdilis Semdeg bizantiis dedofals werili miuweria wmidanis 

ojaxisa da saerTod qarTvelTaTvis, sadac, kerZod, naTqvami iyo: àmas 

ara Tu Tqven oden gibrZanebT, aramed yovelTa, romelni Cuen, kerZo da 

xelTa queSe Cuensa arian qarTvelni.... kualad aRdegiT da ganZlierdiT 

uflisa mier~. ucxoelebi, kerZod ki, bizantielebi, rogorc qvemoTac araerTgzis 

iqneba aRniSnuli, aRmosavleT saqarTvelos `zemo iberias~, xolo 

dasavleT saqarTvelos `qvemo iberias~, anu iverias uwodebdnen. konstanti, 

rogorc misi martvilobis aRmweri wers, cxovrobda `queyanasa qarTlisasa, 

sanaxebsa zena soflisasa~. `zena sofeli~ igive `zemo iveria~, anu aRmosavleT 

saqarTveloa. konstanti, kerZod, kaxeTis mcxovrebi unda yofiliyo, 

radganac mas ewoda `kaxaA, saxelad mamulisa mis queynisa~. maSasadame, misi 

mamuli qveynis saxelic `kax~ yofila, anu kaxeTi. kaxeTi maSin erqva mtkvris 

gadaRma gadaSlil vrcel qveyanas. Tbilisis saamiro uSualod mas 

emezobleboda, ufro sworad, es saamiro kaxeTis erT nawilsac moicavda. 

rogorc aRiniSna, iv. javaxiSvilis azriT, am Txzulebis damweri saberZneT- 

Si mcxovrebi romelime beri unda yofiliyo. amitomac mas, rogorc ùcxoels~, 

qarTvelTa qveynis mimarT uxmaria is geografiuli terminologia, 

rogoric iyo miRebuli ucxoeTSi. qarTlis sakaTalikososac ucxoelebi 

`zemo iberiis saarqiepiskoposos~ uwodebdnen, afxazeTis sakaTalikosos ki 

_ `qvemo iberiis saarqiepiskoposos~. amitomac, saeklesio terminologiis 

dadgenisaTvis `konstantines martvilobaSi~ moxmobili geografiuli terminologia 

CvenTvis sainteresoa. ucxoelTaTvis, miuxedavad imisa, rom daqucmacebuli 

iyo politikur erTeulebad, saqarTvelo warmoadgenda mTlian 

qveyanas. mas iverias uwodebdnen, romlis qarTuli Sesatyvisi iyo `yoveli 

qveyana qarTlisa~. es termini samjer gvxvdeba wmida konstantines mar-


jafariZe 

tvilobaSi. es `yoveli qveyana qarTli~ Sedgeboda, rogorc iTqva, `zemo~ da 

`qvemo~ mxareebisagan, anu dRevandeli terminologiiT, aRmosavleT da dasavleT 

saqarTvelosagan. bagrat IV (1020-1074 w.w.) Tavis sigelSi, romelic gasca 

mijnaZorisa da opizis monasterTa davis gadaWrisas, axsenebs am terminebs. 

`Sekriben karsa darbazisa Cuenisasa yovelTa xevTa zemoTa da quemoTa 

aznaurni~. 137 bagrat IV-s quTaisSi samefo karze Seukrebia `zemo xevTa~ e.i. 

aRmosavleT saqarTvelosa da `qvemo xevTa~, e.i. dasavleT saqarTvelos 

aznaurebi. bagrat III-m (1014 w.) akurTxa èklesia quTaTisisa, rameTu Semokribna 

... yovelni didebulni zemoni da quemoni mamulisa da samefosa misisa 

myofni~. 138 aq `zemo mamuli~ anu `zemo samefo~ _ aRmosavleTs, xolo qvemo _ 

dasavleTs ewodeba. aRmosavleT saqarTvelos zogjer `zemosa kerZi~ qveyana 

ewodeboda, `li parit moirWuna zemosa kerZsa dauflebulad... xolo 

bagrats aqunda lixsa quemoTi dawyobiT~. 139 marTlac, li parits ekuTvnoda 

aRmosavleT saqarTveloSi Semavali saqarTvelos imJamindeli saxelmwifos 

TiTqmis yvela cixe _ kldekari, birTvisi, ufliscixe, yueliscixe, artanuji. 

SemdgomSi bagrat IV èufla zemosa da quemosa Tavis mamulsa~. 

dedaqalaqis quTaisidan TbilisSi gadmotanis Semdeg `qvemos~ imeri, 

xolo `zemos~ _ ameri ewoda. giorgi III-is dros (1117 wels) _ `Sekrbes 

yovelni samefoisa Cuenisa monazonni da ebiskoposni imerni da amerni~. 140 

saqarTvelos eklesiac or administraciul erTeulad, anu `saeklesio 

samTavrod~ iyo gayofili. qarTlis (aRmosavleTis) da afxazeTis (dasavle- 

Tis) sakaTalikosoebad. basili ezosmoZRvari wers, rom Tamaris winaSe 

`Semo-rakrbes orsave samTavrosa episkoposni~. 141 erT saeklesio samTavrod, 

rogorc iTqva, iTvleboda `zemo~, anu aRmosavleT saqarTvelos sakaTalikoso, 

meores ki `qvemo~, dasavleT saqarTvelos sakaTalikoso warmoadgenda. 

musulmanTa pirveli Semotevis dros erTiani qarTuli eklesia gabrwyinda 

da ganmtkicda mowameTa sisxliT. 

wmida grigol xanZTelis samoRvaweo are 

udidesi moRvawe qarTuli eklesiisa, `netarTa Soris brwyinvale, madliT 

savse, gansrulebuli sibrZniTa, didi mRvdeli, keTilad ganmgebeli moRvawe, 

udabnoTa qalaqmyofeli, zecisa kaci da queyanisa angelozi~ grigol xanZ- 

Teli dabadebula 759-60 wlebSi, `saSoATgan dedisaAT Sewirul iyo RmrTisa 

dedisagan Tvisisa~, mas warCinebuli da didebuli mSoblebi hyolia. 

siyrmidanve izrdeboda didi nerse erisTavis saxlSi. zrdida TviTon 

nerses meuRle, romelic grigolis mamida iyo. `marxvaTa Sina izardeboda 

msgavsad winamorbedisa~. Seaswavles daviTis fsalmunebi da `xmiTa saswavleli 

swavlaA saeklesio, samoZRvroA qarTulsa enasa Sina yoveli daaswavla~. 

Seuswavlia sxvadasxva enebi, `saRmrToni wignni zepiriT moiwuarTna~.


istoria 

529 

Seuswavlia agreTve, filosofia, qarTlis erismTavari nerse II, Ze adarnase 

kurapalatisa, qristianuli sarwmunoebis erT-erT burjs warmoadgenda qveynis 

arabTagan dapyrobis Jams. mis karze miuRia qristianobis siyvaruli da 

qristianuli aRzrda wmida mowame abo Tbilels. arabTa sawinaaRmdego 

saqmianobisaTvis nerse baRdadis sapyrobileSi Casves 772 wels ramdenime 

wliT, gaTavisuflebis Sedeg 5 weli samSobloSi moRvaweobda, Semdeg ki 

xazareTSi gaiqca, saidanac dasavleT saqarTveloSi gadavida. pavle ingoroyvas 

TvalsazrisiT, wmida grigoli nerses xazareTSi wasvlis dros unda 

gadasuliyo qarTlidan klarjeTSi, romelic SedarebiT daculi iyo mtrisgan 

da samonastro cxovrebisaTvis garkveuli pirobebi arsebobda. am dros 

igi mRvdeli yofila. mRvdloba ùfroAs ars yovelTa didebaTa sulierTa 

da xorcielTa, rameTu qristes nacvlobaA ars~, _ ambobda igi mRvdlad 

kurTxevamde da amitomac uars acxadebda am udides pativze. Semdeg ki 

daemorCila mowodebas: `morCil eqmen brZanebasa qristesa~. xolo, roca 

misi episkoposad kurTxeva gadawyvites, wmida grigolma miatova qarTli da, 

rogorc iTqva, klarjeTs miaSura. `xolo ese morwmunisa da keTilad msaxurisa 

queyanisagan gamoiyvana amis mizezisaTvis RmerTman, raTa uqmTa maT 

udabnoTa Sina gamobrwyindes sanTeli ese daufsebeli~, _ wers misi biografi 

giorgi merCule. wmida grigoli tao-klarjeTSi gadasula sxva moweseebTan 

(berebTan) erTad _ ìpovna moyvasni keTilni SewevniTa qristeis madliTa 

_ saba, romelsa ewoda saban, dedis diswuli misi, iSxnisa meored 

maSenebeli da episkoposi misi, da Teodore neZvisa maSenebeli da mamaA, da 

qristefore, kvirikeTisa maSenebeli da mamaA ese oTxni Seanawevrna sarwmunoebaman~. 

pirvelad isini mividnen opizis monasterSi _ ìyvnes opizas 

Zmani mciredni Sekrebul qristes siyvarulisaTvis, vinaATgan povnili iyo 

wmidaA igi mcire eklesia wmidisa naTlismcemelisani, da iyo winamZRvrisa 

maTisa saxeli amba giorgi, rameTu mesame mamaA iyo opizisaA, raATgan 

samoel da andre gardacvalebul iyvnes~. 142 Tu vigulisxmebT, rom wmidaGgrigoli 

opizaSi pirvelad mivida 780 wels (am wels unda wasuliyo 

xazareTSi nerse erisTavi), samoelisa da andres winamZRvroba opizis monasterSi 

SeiZleboda gagrZelebuliyo, vTqvaT, 50 weliwads, aqedan gamomdinare, 

opizis monastris pirveli winamZRvari 730-ian wlebSi daniSnula. 

swored am wlebSi klarjeTi da mTeli samxreTi saqarTvelo gadawva 

murvan yrum. es momxdara 735 wels. safiqrebelia, rom man klarjeTSi 

iqamde arsebuli monastrebi iavaryo, xolo murvanis wasvlis Semdeg klarjeTSi 

aRdgenila erTaderTi opizis monasteri 730-ian wlebSive. samonastro 

cxovrebis aRorZineba samxreT saqarTveloSi VIII saukuneSi, jer kidev 

grigol xanZTelamde dawyebula. Cans, qarTlidan da saqarTvelos sxva 

kuTxeebidan, im droisaTvis arabTagan SedarebiT dacul mxareSi berebi 

ukve VIII saukunis pirvel naxevarSive gadadiodnen. amas miuTiTebs is, rom


jafariZe 

opizasTan axlos, xanZTaSic, martomyofeli beri saxeliT _ xuediosi grigolamdec 

cxovrobda, magram xanZTis monastrisaTvis saboloo saxe da saer- 

Tod, monastris Seneba grigols dauwyia. am saqmeSi mas opizeli berebic 

Sewivnen, `rameTu mas Jamsa Sina sxuaA monasteri ara Sen iyo maT queyanaTa 

Tvinier opizisa~. mosaxleobac ver exmareboda mSeneblobas, radganac èriskacni 

msoflioni~ klarjeTs da taoTa Sina SavSeTs da yovelTa maT maxlobelTa 

qveyanaTa mciredni ipovebodes, daSenebul tyeTa Sina adgil-adgil~. 143 

wmida grigolma mTeli epoqa Seqmna tao-klarjeTis samonastro cxovrebaSi, 

gaaCaRa farTo samonastro mSenebloba. xanZTasa da SatberdSi mamaTa, 

xolo meresa da gunaTleSi _ dedaTa monastrebi daafuZna. wmida grigolis 

mowafeebma mravali monastrebi daaarses. aqedan gansakuTrebiT aRsaniSnavia 

iSxnis monastrisa da saepikoposos daarseba. samonastro mSenebloba 

daiwyo bareTelTaSi, wyarosTavSi, neZvSi. piradad wmida grigolma daafuZna 

dasavleT saqarTveloSi ubeis monasteri. klarjeTSi Casvlidan daaxloebiT 

50 wlis Semdeg wmida grigoli iqur monasterTa arqimandritad daadgines. 

mas Tavisi monastrebisaTvis ierusalimis sabawmidis monastris tipikoni au- 

Ria. Seudgenia himnografiuli krebuli `saweliwado iadgari~ _ `sibrZnisa 

misisa mdinareTagan irwyvodes yovelni udabnoni klarjeTisani~. 

Cveni gansjis sagans Seadgens wmida grigolis samoRvaweo are. Tanamedrove 

mecnierebaSi miRebulia mtkiceba imisa, rom mosaxleoba wmida grigolis 

samoRvaweo areSi, (e.i. mesxeTSi), Tavisi eTnikuri warmomavlobiT ar 

iyo qarTuli, TiTqosda wmida grigolis Semdeg qarTuli eklesia gabatonebula 

am mxareSi, mosaxleoba gamxdara qalkedonituri aRmsareblobisa. 

qarTuli eklesiis meSveobiT iq gavrcelebula qarTuli ena da SemdgomSi 

mosaxleoba `gaqarTvelebula~. aseT Tvalsazriss pasuxi gasca pavle ingoroyvam. 

daamtkica, rom mesxeTis mosaxleoba uZveles drosve iyo qarTuli. 

aseTad darCenila maSinac ki, roca taos umetesi nawili somxeTis 

saxelmwifos SemadgenlobaSi Sedioda VI-VII saukuneebSi. somxebi ki ar 

`qarTveldebodnen~, aramed piriqiT, somxuri saxelmwifos SemadgenlobaSi 

yofnisas taos da mimdebare mxareebis qarTuli mosaxleoba somxuri eklesiis 

iurisdiqciis sferoSi moeqca da eklesiebSi maTTvis somxurenovani 

msaxureba dainerga. 

somxebis `gaqarTvelebis~ momxreebs, mamtkiceblebs imisa, rom TiTqosda 

VIII-IX saukuneebSi qarTuli eklesia SeiWra somxuri eklesiis iurisdiqciis 

sazRvrebSi, erT-erT Tavis argumentad moyavT iSxnis cnobili kaTedralis 

nangrevebze qarTuli saepiskoposos daarseba wmida grigolis dros. 

p. ingoroyvas mohyavs Cveni cnobili mecnierebis Tvalsazrisi, rom ara Tu 

tao, _ aramed klarjeTic TiTqosda somxuri qveynebi iyo. marTlac, cnobilia, 

rom iSxnis didebuli eklesia aaSena somexTa kaTalikosma nersesma VII 

saukunis 30-ian wlebSi. wmida grigolis mowafis, arseni safarelis cnobis


istoria 

531 

Tanaxmad, nerses iSxneli (641-661) iyo kaci Rirsi da marTlmorwmune (e.i. 

qalkedoniti). man somxeTidan gandevna pavlikianobis erT-erTi eresiarqi 

ioane mairagomeli. 144 giorgi merCule nerse somexTa kaTalikoss `netars~ 

uwodebs. IX saukunis dasawyisSi `nebiTa RmrTisaTa iqmna saba episkopos 

iSxans zeda, netarisa nerse kaTalikozisa aRSenebulsa kaTolike eklesiasa 

da saydarsa missa, romeli weliwadTa mravalTa daqvrivebul iyo~. 145 

`daviT da tariWanis martvilobis~ avtori, romelic VII saukunis ambebs 

aRwers, nerses `wmidas~ uwodebs. daviT da tariWani arian qarTuli eklesiis 

wmidanebi. e.i. qalkedoniti marTlmadideblebi. maT moixseniebs ara 

marto qarTuli eklesia, aramed saerTod marTlmadidebluri samyaro. magaliTad, 

rusuli eklesia maT xsenebas, viTarca qarTveli wmidanebisas, 

aRniSnavs 18 maiss. 146 qarTuli da sxva marTlmadidebeli eklesiebi am 

wmidanebs ar moixseniebdnen, isini qalkedonitebi rom ar yofiliyvnen. 

`daviT da tariWanis~ cxovrebis (avtoris da sxva wyaroebis) Tanaxmad, 

somxurma eklesiam VII saukuneSi aRiara qalkedonitoba (sxva sakiTxia is, 

Tu ramdenad icavdnen am xelSekrulebas), somxeTi, Tanaxmad arseni safarelisa, 

qalkedonituri qveyana iyo VII saukuneSi. aseTad darCenila igi 

726 wlis manaskertis krebamde, e.i. VIII saukunis TiTqmis 30-ian wlebamde. 

amitomac wers xsenebuli martvilobis avtori _ ìyo sanaxebTa maT soflisa 

somxiTisasa, JamTa netarisa didisa nerse kaTalikozisaTa da adam 

aregawoTelisaTa, xevsa basianisasa, dabasa, romelsa hrqvian onkom, iyo vinme 

kaci warCinebuli erisTavi, saxeli erqua vardan, saxeli colisa misisa 

Tagine. iyvnes ornive igi naTesavTagan sameufoTa. da amaT aqunda sarwmunoebaA 

WeSmariti da marTali wmidisa samebisaA. cxovndebodes igini Rmr- 

Tis msaxurebiTa, yovliTa RirsebiTa da RmrTis moSiSebiTa~. 147 

aqedan Cans, rom avtoris azriT, somxeTSi VII saukuneSi damkvidrebuli 

iyo WeSmariti da marTali sarwmunoeba, e.i. qalkedonitoba. Tagines SeeZina 

ori vaJi _ daviT da tariWani. iZulebis gamo deda da Svilebi Seefarnen 

taos _ `warmoivltoda CrdiloiT kerZo queyanad tavoAsa~. 148 aq biWebi 

mowameobrivad daxoces, ris Semdegac maT gvamebs daadga naTeli. èuwya 

saqme ese wmidasa mamasa Cuensa nerses kaTalikozsa somxeTisasa, rameTu 

TviT hxedvida igi iSxniT sakvirvelebasa da brwyinvalebasa miuwdomelisa 

naTlisasa... srbiT miiwia divris... xolo Tevdosi Seuvarda ferTa nerse 

kaTalikozisaTa... wmidaman nerse TvisiTa xeliTa wargragna guamni igi~. 149 

cxadia, rogorc iTqva, qalkedonitebi rom ar yofiliyvnen, kaTalikosi 

nerse da aRniSnuli wmidanebi, maT ar moixseniebdnen qalkedonitur eklesiaSi, 

msgavsad _ wmida grigolis mowafe arseni safareli ar ganaaxlebda 

da ar ganavrcobda asurel mamaTa cxovrebas, asureli mamebi qalkedonitebad 

rom ar yofiliyvnen miCneulni. wmida grigolsa da mis mowafeebs nerse 

kaTalikosidan Tu asureli mamebidan ar hyofda didi dro. nerses xsovna 

jer kidev cocxali yofila maT dros.


jafariZe 

zemoT moyvanilidan Cans, rom VII saukuneSi, vidre VIII saukunis 30-ian 

wlebamde, somxuri eklesia qalkedonuri aRmsareblobisad miiCneoda. swored 

amitom, taosa da misi mimdebare kuTxeebis qarTveloba, romelic tradiciulad 

qalkedonitobis erTguli iyo, Sedioda somxuri eklesiis iurisdiqciis 

farglebSi. maSasadame, tao, misi sasuliero centri iSxani, mimdebare 

qveynebi, qalkedonituri iyo, dasaxlebuli eTnikuri qarTvelebiT, romlebic 

warmoadgendnen samwysos somxuri eklesiisa. p. ingoroyva wers _ ìmieri 

tao da zemo speri erT periodSi somxeTTan iyo politikurad dakavSirebuli. 

zog mkvlevars ise esmis, TiTqos am periodis manZilze moxda am 

mxareTa eTnikuri mxaris Secvla, magram es Secdomaa... politikuri sazRvrebis 

gadawevas ar mohyolia cvlilebebi mosaxleobis eTnikur Semadgenloba- 

Si, taosa da speris moxsenebuli nawilebi, imieri tao da zemo speri, mosaxleobis 

SemadgenlobiT da aq gavrcelebuli enis mixedviT Tavidanve iyo 

qarTuli mxare da aseTad darCa igi Tavisi istoriis Semdgom periodebSi~. 150 

taos aRniSnuli nawili somxeTis SemadgenlobaSi moqceula IV s-is dasasrulidan, 

`V s-is pirveli naxevridan, mefobis mospobis Semdeg, taos es 

mxare, aRmosavleT somxeTis sxva mxareebTan erTad, iranis provinciad 

iqca~. 151 VII s-is 20-iani wlebidan taos es mxare bizantias dauqvemdebarebia, 

magram amave saukuneSi sadavod iqca es mxare arabebsa da bizantielebs 

Soris, sabolood VII s-is dasasrulisaTvis is arabebs darCaT. VIII s-is 

30-ian wlebSi murvan yrus Semosevam mxare gaanadgura~. 152 

`taos es mxare, romelic somxeTTan iyo dakavSirebuli, saqarTvelom 

daibruna VIII-IX saukuneTa mijnaze~ 153 nangrevebis saxiT da daiwyo iq didi 

mSenebloba. marTlia, somxeTis SemadgenlobaSi Sedioda es mxare, magram 

`salaparako enis mixedviT qarTul mxared darCenila, amis Sesaxeb moipoveba 

pirdapiri Cvenebebi~. 154 

aqedan gamomdinare, wmida grigoli somxuri eklesiis mrevlSi ki ar 

SeiWra, somxebi ki ar gaaqalkedonita, rogorc miaCnia zogierT specialists, 

aramed tao-klarjeTSi qarTuli eklesiis Zvel samwysoSi ganamtkica qarTuli 

eklesiis uflebamosileba. rac Seexeba TiTqosda `tao-klarjeTis somex- 

Ta gaqalkedonitebas~, rogorc zemoT iyo aRniSnuli, tao-klarjeTis mosaxleoba 

wmida grigol xanZTelis tao-klarjeTSi mosvlamde _ qalkedonituri 

iyo. am qalkedonitur mxareSi wmida grigolma da misma mowafeebma 

mTeli xalxis erTsulovani mxardaWeriT miaRwies udides warmatebas. 

maSasadame, iSxanis samwyso taoSi _ eTnikur qarTvelebs warmoadgendnen. 

cxadia, somxuri eklesiis wiaRSi yofnisas qarTvelebi iTvisebdnen somxur 

enas, somxuri kulturis elementebs, magram sabednierod, maT qarTuli eTnikuri 

saxe ar daukargavT. 

taosa da misi mimdebare mxareebis mrevlma, romelic qalkedonitobas 

uWerda mxars Tavidanve, somxur eklesiasTan kavSiri gawyvita VIII s-is 30-


istoria 

533 

iani wlebidan, rac somxurma eklesiam 726 wels mowveuli krebis Semdeg 

sabolood miiRo monofizituri mrwamsi. somxuri eklsiis qarTulma mrevlma 

amis Semdeg sabolood miatova am eklesiis wiaRi da daubrunda Tavis 

deda qarTul eklesias. maSasadame, es mrevli tao-klarjeTisa VIII-IX saukuneebSi 

prozelitebad ki ar iqcnen, aramed mSobliur wiaRs daubrundnen. 

e.i. wmida grigoli sxvis eklesiaSi ki ar SeiWra, aramed mSobliuri aRadgina. 

iSxani, romelic nangrevebad iyo qceuli, aRadgenina da iq saepiskoposo 

daaarsebina. iSxani _ qarTvelTa saeklesio centri iyo odiTganve, 

magram aramSobliuri eklesiisa. somxuri eklesia, rogorc Semdgom iqneba 

aRniSnuli, rogorc sparsTa, ise arabTa da bizantielTa xelSewyobiTac ki 

Tavis saeklesio iurisdiqcias avrcelebda arasomxur mezobel mxareebze. 

erT-erT aseT mxares warmoadgenda tao da sxva qarTuli Temebi samxreT 

saqarTveloSi. 

somxuri eklesiis am mtaceblobas aRniSnul periodSi kargad amCnevdnen 

qarTveli moRvaweebi, magram maT saSualeba ar hqondaT mieRoT raime RonisZieba 

qarTuli mrevlis somxuri eklesiis wiaRidan gamosaxsnelad. wmida 

grigolis mowafe, episkoposi stefane, aRniSnulis gamo somxeTs amsgavsebda 

ninevias. SuamdinareTis ninevia, rogorc cnobilia, sxvadasxva erebis sastiki 

dampyrobi da mCagvreli iyo. roca somxeTSi mtris jari `Sevida qalaqsa 

dvinisasa da oxraA guliswyromisa misisasa moaswavebda oxrebasa somxiTisasa, 

viTarca ninevelTa daqcevasa~. cxadia, avtori, episkoposi tbeTisa, 

moxaruli ar iyo qveynis aoxrebisa, magram axsovda, rom Tavisi samwysos 

mrevli swored somxeTis eklesiis iurisdiqciaSi iyo moqceuli, politikur 

viTarebaTa gamo. am drois procesebi mas aTqmevinebda _ `rameTu 

miwaA igi somxiTisaA ampartavan da mkvidrni misni cudad mzuaobar, angahar, 

laR, da coduis moyuare, ampartavan, uwyalo, uyuarel da yovliTa uke- 

TurebiTa savse, romelsa Sina ara ipova Tavisi misadrekeli qristeisi, 

romelTaTvis qriste cudad mokvda...~ 155 

wmida grigol xanZTelis meore mowafe arsen safarels moupovebia VII 

saukunis wyaro somxuri eklesiis istoriis Sesaxeb. am wyaros Tanaxmad 

miiCneva, rom VII saukuneSi somxuri eklesiis umaRlesi ierarqia aris 

qalkedonituri da eklesiac saerTo jamSi qalkedonituria. magram eklesiis 

SigniT arsebobs budeebi mwvaleblobisa, rom somxuri eklesia mwvaleblobiskenaa 

Sinaganad midrekili. amis magaliTad moyvanilia cnobili 

eresiarqis ioane mairegomelis cxovreba. arsenma am wyaroze dayrdnobiT 

Seqmna, faqtobrivad ideologiuri naSromi somxuri eklesiis avtoritetis 

Sesaryevad. 156 cxadia, somxuri qalkedonituri eklesia mis wiaRSi myof 

qarTveli qalkedonitebisaTvis avtoritetuli da sarwmunoebrivad misaRebi 

eklesia iyo. VII saukuneSi opozicioner qarTvelebs SeuqmniaT Txzuleba 

(wyaro arseni safarelis aRniSnuli Txzulebisa) somxuri eklesiis


jafariZe 

WeSmariti istoriis Sesaxeb im qarTvelTaTvis, romelTaTvisac somxuri 

eklesia avtoritetuli eklesia iyo. VII saukuneSi, roca somxuri eklesia 

qalkedonitobas ase Tu ise aRiarebda, qarTvel samRvdeloebas ucdia somxuri 

eklesiis Sinagani winaaRmdegobis warmoCeniT qarTveli mrevlisaTvis 

daenaxvebina somxuri eklesiis wiaRSi arsebuli mwvaleblobis safrTxe. 

ioane mairegomeli mwvaleblobis eresiarqi, albaT, cnobili piri iyo 

saqarTveloSic. amitomac TxzulebaSi yovelgvari gacnobiTi komentarebis 

gareSe saubaria masze: `viTarc gvelTa ufroisRa SesZines aRZvraA erisaA 

da SfoTi birebiTa maireguemelisaTa~, 157 èsma ese bersa borotsa maireguemelsa~; 

`moewoda mas bersa borotsa~; `maireguemeli aRsZvrida viTme 

monazonTa borotTa mwvalebelTa~, mairegomelma `...aRmoiboyina simyrale, 

msgavsi borotisa mwvaleblisa~ da sxva msgavsi. 

saerTod, arsenis wyaros didi nawili eZRvneba mairegomelis cxovrebasa 

da zemoqmedebas somxur eklesiaze. am wyaros Tanaxmad, somxeTis kaTalikos 

ezras dros VII s. mowveuli krebis mier `daamtkices marTali~, anu 

qalkedonitoba. ezra eubneba mairegomels: `SeviwynareT ori buneba uflisa 

Cuenisa iesu qristesi sruli RmrTeebiTa da sruli kacebiTa~, magram am 

qalkedonit kaTalikoss mairegomeli ar emorCileba. am wyaros Tanaxmad, 

somxeTis `netari~ kaTalikosi nerse iSxnelic qalkedonitia, amitomac aZevebs 

somxeTidan mairegomels, aseve qalkedonitebi arian VII s-is sxva somexi 

kaTalikosebic _ anastasi da israeli. miuxedavad amisa, wyaros TvalsazrisiT, 

somxuri eklesiis wiaRSi arsebuli mwvalebluri budeebis gamo 

somxur eklesias aqvs midrekileba mwvaleblobisaken. wyaros avtors surs, 

VII saukuneSive daemtkicebinaT somxuri eklesiis mrevlad gadaqceuli 

qarTvelebisaTvis somxuri eklesiidan gamoyofis sargeblianoba, saWiroeba 

da aucilebloba. ase, Tuki aRmosavleT saqarTveloSi VII saukunis dasawyisSi 

kirionis moZraobis Sedegad qarTulma eklesiam somxuri eklesiidan `gamoyofa~ 

SeZlo, samxreT-dasavleT saqarTveloSi (taosa da mis mimdebare kuTxeebSi) 

VII saukuneSi es procesi ar iyo dasrulebuli da qarTuli eklesia 

ganagrZobda somxuri eklesiis artaxebidan am kuTxis mosaxleobis daxsnisaTvis 

moRvaweobas. marTlac, VIII-IX saukuneebSi es mxareebi gaTavisufldnen 

somxuri eklesiis batonobisagan. 

n. mari Tavis Teorias somexTa `gaqarTvelebis~ Sesaxeb afuZnebda ara 

raime uZveles wyaros, aramed imas, rom am epoqaSi mesxeTSi aSkarad aRiniSneboda 

somxurenovani elementis arseboba. somxurenovani mosaxleoba XX 

saukunis mecnierebam miiCnia erovnulad somxur mosaxleobad, romelic 

TiTqosda Semdgom gaqarTvelda qarTuli eklesiis Zaladobrivi politikis 

wyalobiT. mecnierebas ver warmoedgina, rom somxurenovani mosaxleoba 

SeiZleboda erovnebiT qarTuli yofiliyo, qarTuli saojaxo da somxuri 

saeklesio eniT. mecnierebam yuradRebis gareSe datova msgavsi magali-


istoria 

535 

Ti, romelic ukve arsebobda amierkavkasiaSi. kerZod, rom albanelebs RvTismsaxurebaSi 

miRebuli hqondaT somxuri ena, e.i. albanuri saRvTismsaxuro 

wignebi _ wmida werili, wmidanTa cxovreba da sxva, iyo somxurenovani. aseve 

iyo saqarTvelos im provinciebSic, romlebic uSualod emezoblebodnen 

somxeTs. saqarTvelos am provinciebSi cxovrobdnen ara somxebi, aramed 

somxurenovani qarTvelebi, e.i. mrevli somxuri eklesiisa, somxuri saeklesio 

da qarTuli saojaxo eniT. 

samwuxarod, n. maris Teoria gaziarebuli iqna, radganac am Teorias 

TiTqosda adasturebdnen axal-axali mikvleuli masalebi _ somxurenovani 

elementi namdvilad arsebobda samxreT saqarTvelos mosaxleobaSi, romelic 

Semdgom gaqra _ gadafara qarTulma enam. 

zogierT qarTul xelnawerSi somxurenovani warwerebis arsebobasTan 

dakavSirebiT r. Smerlingi wers, rom aseTi ram `...upasuxebda somxuri 

fenis arsebobas tao-klarjeTis provinciis qarTul mosaxleobaSi, aseve 

samonastro Zmobis SemadgenlobaSi, rac gamomdinareobs iqidan, rom taoklarjeTis 

somxebi ganekuTvnebodnen berZnul-aRmosavlur marTlmadideblobas, 

romelsac aRiarebda qveynis ZiriTadi qarTuli mosaxleoba~. amave 

dros, mkvlevari aRniSnavs, rom mxatvari, romelic am somxurenovan warwerebs 

akeTebda, iyo ara somexi, aramed qarTveli _ `...mxatvris mSobliuri 

ena ... qarTulia~. 158 

e.i. somxurenovani fena tao-klarjeTis mosaxleobisa IX-X saukuneebSi 

iyo qalkedonituri, rac samarTliania, magram erovnulad es fena somxuri 

arasodes ar yofila, es iyo qarTuli mosaxleoba somxuri saeklesio eniT, 

romelTa winaprebic VI-VII ss-Si iyo wevri somxuri diofizituri eklesiisa, 

amitom somxur enaze saeklesio msaxureba kidev SeinarCuna ramdenime 

xniT, radganac somxurenovani msaxureba maTTvis tradiciuli iyo, tradiciis 

ukugdebas ki saukuneebi sWirdeba. am somxurenovani mosaxleobis winaprebi 

iyvnen qarTveli qalkedonitebi, oRond somxuri saeklesio eniT, radganac 

maTi uSualo mosazRvre somxuri qalkedonituri sakaTalikoso VI-VII ss. 

somxurenovani iyo. yovel SemTxvevaSi, tao-klarjeTis somxurenovani fena 

iyo erovnebiT qarTuli, romelTa winaprebsac somxur eklsiasTan xangr- 

Zlivi urTierToba hqondaT. 

i. abulaZis azriT, romelic sagangebod ikvlevda am sakiTxebs da romlis 

gamokvlevasac xSirad iyeneben, tao-klarjeTSi mcxovrebni eTnikurad somxuri 

fena enobrivi gadagvarebis gzaze damdgara, e.i. somxuri daviwyebia da qarTuli 

SeuTvisebia, amas ki somexi mosaxleobis sruli `denacionalizacia~ mohyolia: 

_ àRsarebiT tao-klarjeTis qarTul elementTan monaTesave es wre 

qarTul kulturul da politikur sferoSi eqceva... da enobrivad gadagvarebis 

gzaze dgeba, rasac sabolood sruli denacionalizacia mohyva~. 159 

k. kekeliZec miiCnevs, rom `...tao-klarjeTSi... mosaxleobdnen qalkedoniti 

somxebic. ai, swored am wreSi, sadac qarTvelebi da somxebi erTmaneTs


jafariZe 

pirdapir xvdebodnen, ganagrZobda arsebobas somex-qarTvelTa literaturuli 

erToba da kavSiri ara marto VIII_IX saukuneebSi, aramed X-Sic~. 160 

sinamdvileSi araviTar denacionalizaciasa da gadagvarebas somexi mosaxleoba 

mesxeTSi ar ganicdida, somxurenovani qarTvelebi mama-papaTa 

erovnul qarTul enas amkvidrebdnen TavianT eklesiebSi ucxoenovani msaxurebis 

nacvlad. somxurenovani mosaxleoba mesxeTisa da saqarTvelos 

sasazRvro provinciebisa erovnulad qarTuli iyo, sarwmunoebiT ki es 

somxurenovani qarTuli mosaxleoba mesxeTSi qalkedonituri iyo, xolo 

hereTsa da nawilobriv qvemo qarTlSi _ monofizituri. saqme isaa, rom 

somxuri eklesiis dasavleTi nawili tradiciulad bizantiis siaxlovis 

gamo qalkedonituri iyo TviT VIII saukunis dasawyisamdec ki, xolo aRmosavleTi 

nawili somxuri eklesiisa, qvemo qarTlisa da hereT-sujeTis mosazRvre 

nawili ufro monofizituri gavlenis qveS imyofeboda. cxadia, 

qalkedonitur somxur eklesiaSi VIII saukunis 20-ian wlebamde danergili 

iyo ara qarTulenovani msaxureba, aramed somxurenovani. am qalkedonituri 

somxuri eklesiis gavlenis qveS myofi mesxeTis mosaxleoba eklesiurad 

VIII saukunemde somxuri tipikonis mqone iyo. am dros erTmorwmune somxur 

da qarTul eklesiebs mWidro kavSiri aqvT. VIII saukunis 20-ian wlebSi 

kavSiri wydeba. mesxeTis somxurenovani qarTvelebi amis Semdeg kvlav somxurenovan 

msaxurebas aRasruleben, Semdgom ki TandaTanobiT ubrundebian 

mama-papaTa qarTulenovan msaxurebas. aq procesi hqonda ara denacionalizacias, 

aramed piriqiT, am mosaxleobaSi gaiRviZa qarTulma erovnulma grZnobebma, 

erovnulma qarTulma siamayem da isini yovel Sesabamis momentSi sagangebod 

acxadebdnen, rom isini `naTesaviT~, anu erovnulad qarTvelni arian. 

miT umetes, albaT, arasworia aseTi gancxadeba, TiTqosda `...erTi eklesia 

iWreba meoreSi da maT gverdiT Tu maT naamagarze Tavisas afuZnebs. esec 

araa ucxo ambavi im droisaTvis. somxeTis miwa-wyalze ara erTi da ori 

`qarTvelTa~ savane ixsneba am dros~. 161 ra gamodis, qarTuli eklesia TiTqosda 

SeWrila somxur eklesiaSi da mis naamagarsa da nafuZarze Tavisi daumkvidrebia. 

qarTuli eklesiis mimarT aseTi gancxadeba namdvili gaugebrobaa. 

qarTuli eklesia yovelTvis Semwynarebeli iyo sxva sarwmunoebis mimarT, 

misTvis ucxoa fanatizmi. is yovelTvis pativs scemda sxva erebs da amitomac 

sxvis naamagarsa da nafuZarze Tavisas ar amkvidrebda, rac ucxoa 

saerTod qriatianobisaTvis da, kerZod, qarTuli eklesiisaTvis. sinamdvileSi, 

rogorc mesxeTSi, aseve hereTsa da qvemo qarTlSi da TviT somxeT- 

Si mravlad cxovrobdnen erovnebiT qarTvelebi, sarwmunoebiT qalkedonitebi 

an monofizitebi, tipikoniT VI-VIII ss-Si somxurenovanni, xolo IX- 

X ss-Si qarTulenovanni. swored es qarTvelebi, yofili somxurenovani 

ti pikonis mqoneni, aarseben TavianT savaneebsa da centrebs saqarTvelos 

sxva kuTxis mcxovreblebTan erTad. somxeTSi rom mravali qarTveli cx-


istoria 

537 

ovrobda, es Cans sxvadasxva arapirdapiri masalebidan. kirionic ki somxeT- 

Si moRvaweobda da SemTxvevis gamo moiwvies qarTlSi, somxeTSi Sedioda 

saqarTvelos mTeli provinciebi, mTeli qarTuli qveynebi. cxadia, am provinciebidanac 

somxeTis politikur da kulturul centrebSic mravali qarTveli 

Cavidoda sacxovreblad. e.i. adgili eqneboda migraciis process ganapira 

kuTxeebidan qveynis savaWro, ekomonikur, administraciul, politikur da 

kulturul centrebSi. es gamoiwvevda qarTuli mosaxleobis garkveuli 

fenis Seqmnas somxeTSi. miT umetes, rom VIII saukunis 20-ian wlebamde 

somxeTSi iseve cxovrobdnen qalkedonitebi, rogorc monofizitebi. asevea 

Semdgom epoqaSic. arsebobs legenda, rom cnobili somexi filosofosi 

daviT uZleveli warmoSobiT hereTidan iyo. 

albaneTi da misi nawili hereT-sujeTi somxuri eklesiis `batonobis~ 

sferoSi Sedioda. hereTis teritoriaze mosaxleobis ena qarTuli iyo _ 

ojaxsa da SinaurobaSi, eklesiurad ki _ somxurenovani. am qarTuli mosaxleobis 

tipikonis ena manamde iyo somxuri, sanamdec es qveynebi monofizituri 

iyo. X saukuneSi hereTis cnobili dedofilis, wmida dinaras meoxebiT, 

hereTis eklesia daubrunda Tavis deda-qarTul, wmida ninos eklesias. amis 

Semdeg hereTis mosaxleobas ukve mSobliuri qarTulenovani tipikoni aqvs. 

ùkanaskneli wlebis gamokvlevebSi, vrceli faqtobrivi masalis moxmobisa 

da gaanalizebis safuZvelze damajerebladaa dasabuTebuli, rom VII-X 

ss. hereTis teritoriaze adgilobrivi mosaxleobis (herebis, sujebis) kultura 

aRmosavlur-qarTul wres ganekuTvneboda, ena ki uciloblad qarTuli 

iyo; es miT ufro dabejiTebiT iTqmis garejis mravalmTis adgilobrivi 

mosaxleobis Sesaxeb _ eWvgareSea, rom igi mTlianad qarTuli iyo~. 162 

magram faqtia, rom hereTSi da kerZod, garejSi arsebul sabereebis monastris 

erT eklesiaSi somxuri warwerebic arsebobs qarTulTan erTad. cxadia, 

monastrebSi myofi im qarTveli ZmebisaTvis, romlebmac ar icodnen 

qarTuli wera-kiTxva, magram icodnen somxuri. am movlenis axsnac am periodSi 

hereTis politikur-kulturuli mdgomareobiT SeiZleba. X saukuneSi 

hereTi qalkedonituri gaxda, magram cxadia, SeuZlebeli iyo im dros 

hereTSi erTbaSad damkvidrebuliyo maTTvis mSobliuri qarTuli ena RvTismsaxurebaSi, 

somxuri enis nacvlad, im mizezis gamo, rom wera-kiTxvis mcodne 

herebis umravlesobas wera-kiTxva bavSvobidanve somxur enaze hqonda Seswavlili. 

maT, ubralod, wera-kiTxva qarTulad ar icodnen, Tumca, qarTvelebi 

iyvnen da qarTuli ena icodnen. magram literaturul saqmianobasac 

somxurad misdevdnen, rogorc mTel albaneTSi. swored amis gamo hereTSi, 

sabereebis monasterSi, qarTul warwerebTan erTad somxuri ganmartebiTi 

warwerebi gaakeTes, rogorc hereTeli, aseve albaneTidan, an tao-klarjeTidan 

mosuli somxurenovani qarTveli berebisaTvis. am qarTvelebisaTvis somxur 

enaze gaakeTa warwerebi qarTvelma mxatvarma. somxuri warwerebis mxatvari 

rom qarTvelia, damajereblad aqvs gamokvleuli z. sxirtlaZes.


jafariZe 

aRiarebda Tu ara oficialuri qarTuli ekelesia qarTveli monofizitebis 

arsebobis faqts? marTalia, oficialuri qarTuli eklesia yovelTvis 

uaryofda qarTuli eklesiis, rogorc mTliani erTeulis mwvaleblobis 

raime gzaze dgomas, magram aRiarebda calkeuli kuTxis garkveul period- 

Si monofizitobas. magaliTad, miRebulia, rom X saukunemde hereTi monofizituri 

iyo da am saukuneSi hereTis dedofalma dinaram es kuTxe Tavisi 

Svilis, iSxanikis SemweobiT qalkedonitobaze moaqcia. ioane xelaSvilis 

xelnawerebSi arsebobs mosaxsenebeli, romelSic mowiwebiT moixseneba dedofali 

dinara da misi TanamoRvaweni, monofizitobidan hereTis aTasobiT 

mcxovrebis momaqcevelni, e.i. XIX saukunis qarTuli eklesiisaTvis ar aris 

ucxo is, rom X saukunemde qarTveli monofizitebis aramciredi ricxvi 

arsebobda. hereTsa da kerZod garejSi, romelic curtavidan ar iyo didi 

manZiliT dacilebuli, qarTveli monofizitebis saeklesio da oficialuri 

mimarTvis ena somxuri iyo. amis Sesaxeb unda migviTiTebdes daviT garejelis 

cxovrebaSi aRwerili erTi cnoba. daviTi samoRvaweod Cadis garejSi, 

adgilobrivi mosaxleobis qalkedonitobaze mosaqcevad. mosaxleobis erTi 

nawili, romelic Tavisi sarwmunoebis, monofizitobis erTguli iyo, cudad 

iRebs axal moRvawes. qarTveli monofizitebis sarwmunoebis ena, cxadia, 

somxuria, amitomac daviTi, imisaTvis, raTa kidev ufro ar gaaRizianos 

adgilobrivi monadire, somxur enaze pasuxobs. 

`mas Jamsa Sina movida barbarozi vinme naTesavi adgiliTgan ruisTavisa- 

Ta... da hrqua: `vinaA xar Sen?~ miugo man somxuriTa eniTa...~ 163 somxuri eniT 

pasuxi, Tu es simarTlea, kidev erTxel miuTiTebs adgilobrivi qarTuli 

mosaxleobis sarwmunoebis enad somxuris gamoyenebas. 

ase rom, hereTSi, tao-klarjeTSi, qvemo qarTlSi cxovrobdnen ara somexi 

qalkedonitebi, aramed eklesiurad somxurenovani qarTvelebi. 

maT unda emoRvawaT kidec somxur eklesiaSi, romelsac Tavis Tavs miakuTvnebdnen. 

`lalians XIX saukunis bolos Cauweria Zveli somxuri gadmocema, 

romlis mixedviT daviT anhaRTa hereTeli keTilSobili gvarisa 

iyo... cxadia, daviT uZlevelis somxuri warmoSobis uaryofa dausabuTebeli 

da miuRebelia, magram misi (daviTis) qarTul azrovnebasTan kavSiris kategoriuli 

uaryofac gaumarTlebelia. daviT uZlevelis qarTuli azrovnebisagan 

mowyvetiT sruliad gaugebari da auxsneli gaxdeba misi saqarTveloSi 

gadmosaxlebis faqti~. 164 SeiZleba aseTive warmoSobisa iyo somxeTis kaTalikosi 

nerse iSxneli, kaci Rirsi da marTlmorwmune, rogorc arseni 

safareli uwodebs. 165 aseTive simpaTiiT moixseniebs somxeTis am qalkedonit 

kaTalikoss `grigol xanZTelis cxovrebac~. iSxnis mSenebeli netari nerse 

kaTalikosi, Cans, adgilobrivi warmoSobisa iyo, somxurenovani, somxuri eklesiis 

wevri, rogorc mTlianad es kuTxe. qarTul-somxuri eklesiebis 

saboloo ganyofis Semdeg (VIII s-is pirveli naxevridan) mesxeTis es miwa


istoria 

539 

qarTulenovani xdeba da iSxnis kaTedras aRorZinebs qarTveli episkoposi 

_ `nebiTa RmrTisaATa iqmna saba ebiskopos iSxansa zeda, netarisa nerse 

kaTalikozisa aRmSenebulsa kaTolike eklesiasa da saydarsa missa, romeli 

weliwadTa mravalTa daqvrivebul iyo~. 166 

mosazrebaa, TiTqosda `...petriwonis qarTul monasterSi... yofila somexi 

qalkedoniti beri, saxelad gvirpeli. mas aq mcire xniT Seufarebia Tavi, 

aqve monaTlula, rameTu somexi iyo da arseni uwodebs~. 167 safiqrebelia, 

rom ara erovnebiT somexi gvirpeli moinaTla, aramed sarwmunoebiT `somexi~ 

da erovnebiT qarTveli. `...radgan maSin somexi saxeli, es marto eris 

aRmniSvneli saxelwodeba ki ar iyo, aramed igi konfensionaluri gagebiTac 

ixmareboda~. 168 gvirpeli konfensiiT, anu aRmsarebloba-sarwmunoebiT iyo 

somexi, xolo erovnebiT _ qarTveli. 

qarTul eklesiaSi miRebuli iyo kanoni, romlis Tanaxmadac xelaxla 

unda monaTluliyo monofiziti, Tuki is qalkedonituri eklesiis wevrad 

gaxdomas isurvebda. am kanonis ZaliT sarwmunoebiT somexi, xolo gvartomiT 

qarTveli gvirpeli xelaxla moinaTla. ase rom, gvirpeli ki ar 

`gaqarTvelda~, aramed somxuri sarwmunoeba uaryo. 

imis Semdeg, rac VI saukuneSi sparseTma mospo qarTuli saxelmwifoebrioba, 

qarTul eklesias ucdia Tavis xelSi aeRo ara mxolod sasuliero 

zedamxedveloba qveynisa, aramed saeroc. es gansakuTrebiT gamoCnda VII- 

VIII saukuneebSi, roca arabebi devnidnen vaxtan gorgaslis _ `xosroian~ 

mefeTa STamomavlebs, xolo bagrationebis xelisufleba jer kidev ar iyo 

ganmtkicebuli. am rTul dros, roca mterma mospo qveynis adgilobrivi 

administraciuli sammarTvelo aparati, saeklesio mmarTveloba (kaTalikosi 

da episkoposebi) iqcnen kanonierebisa da wesrigis warmomadgenlebad. es 

kargad Cans serapion zarzmelis cxovrebaSi, roca samcxis TemSi didi 

mTavrebi erTmaneTs waekidnen, mawyverelma episkoposma SeZlo maTi damor- 

Cileba da saero xelisuflebis xelSi aReba. `samcxis umaRles saeklesio 

ierarqs am qveynis mTeli `gangeba~ ugdia xelT da is Tavis `sabrZaneblad~ 

gadauqcevia. mawyverelma, SfoTis amtexTa (`pirvel meSfoTeTa~) e.i. mokluli 

feodalis adgil-mamulic _ rogorc patronma, amowyvetili ymis mamuli 

_ TavisTvis daitova~. 169 

rogorc Cans, qarTuli eklesia marTavda kaxeTs `qorepiskoposis~ institutis 

meSveobiT, radganac iq arc samefo da arc sxva mTeli qveynis momcveli 

xelisufleba ar arsebobda. `qorepiskoposi Tavisi Tavdapirveli SinaarsiT, 

sofluri dasaxlebis mxareSi episkoposis xelisuflebis gamtareblad 

gamodis, magram wanarTa qorepiskoposma Cans, TandaTan, feodalizaciis 

procesis Sesabamisad, miitaca saero xelisufleba, saero da sasuliero 

xelisuflebis erTi piris xelSi gaerTianebis aseTi tradicia ucxo ar


jafariZe 

aris saqarTvelos mTianeTis mosaxleobisaTvis~. 170 IX saukuneSi am xelisufals 

Tavisi sasuliero funqcia daukargavs da saero Sinaarsi miuRia. 171 

qarTul eklesias Zala da gavlena unda hqonoda TbilisSic. wmida 

konstanti-kaxi `vidre pyrobil-Ra iyo mowame qristesi tfiliss Sina, miwera 

wignebi yovelTa mimarT meudabnoeTa qalaqisaTa da mamasaxlisTa monastrisaTa~. 

172 Txzulebidan Cans, rom konstanti-kaxma werilebi miswera 

TbilisSi arsebuli monastrebis berebs. aqedan Cans, rom arabTa mflobelobis 

drosac ki TbilisSi qarTul eklesias gavlena ar daukargavs. Cans, 

arabTa amira grZnobda qarTuli eklesiis Zalas da gadauwyvetia taoklarjeTSi 

qarTuli eklesiis daxmarebiT am mxareebze kontrolis daweseba. 

amitomac uWerda mxars anCis saepiskoposo saydarze Tavis warmomadgenels, 

episkopos cqirs. rodesac samcxeSi mowveulma saeklesio krebam igi 

ganaSora saepiskoposo saydars, cqiri `tfiliss warvida sahak amirisa, 

patronisa Tavisisave~. 173 igi saydridan mouSorebiaT aSot kurapalatis, 

qarTlis kaTalikosis da misgan gamogzavnili `Rirsi episkoposebis~ da 

meudabnoe mamebis nebiT. 174 eklesia iseTi didi Zalaa, rom moicavs mTel 

saqarTvelos, Tumca ki politikurad daqucmacebuls. am Zalis gamoyeneba 

surT rogorc Tbilisis amiras, ise sxva kuTxeTa mmarTvelebs. 

T. papuaSvilis TvalsazrisiT, IX-X saukuneebSi saqarTvelos teritoriaze 

erTiani xelisuflebis ararsebobis dros eklesia cdilobda, dapirispireboda 

saero xelisuflebas da upiratesoba moepovebina masze _ àseTi 

ganwyobilebis gamomxatvelia `grigol xanZTelis cxovreba~. giorgi mer- 

Cule cdilobs, dagvanaxos eklesiis ufleba batonobaze, gviCvenos misi 

avtoriteti da gavlena saero cxovrebaze. saamiso cnobebi sakmaod mravlad 

moipoveba mis TxzulebaSi~. 175 VI-VIII saukuneebSi, maSin, roca saqarTvelo- 

Si ara Tu saerTo xelisufleba, kuTxeebSi feodaluri samTavroebic ki ar 

arsebobda. mefis adgilze mjdomi stefanozic did moridebasa da mowiwebas 

amJRavnebs monasterTa da sasuliero xelisufalTa mimarT, rogorc es 

`wmida Siosa da evagres cxovrebidan~ Cans. asurel mamaTa mowafeebi jer 

kidev VI-VII saukuneebSi gadasulan tao-klarjeTSi da iq dauwyiaT samonastro 

Rvawli. p. ingoroyvas Tanaxmad, aseTi yofila wmida Sio mRvimelis 

mowafe miqaeli. saerTod ki, samonastro cxovrebas tao-klarjeTSi safuZveli 

Cayria vaxtang gorgaslis dros, rodesac man aq opizis monasteri 

daaarsa. vaxtangma àRaSena cixe artanujisa da monasteri, romel ars 

opizisa, da samni eklesiani: dabisa, merisa da Sindobisa, da ganaaxla cixe 

axizisa da qmna igi qvabad~. opizis monasteri _ Tavidanve qarTuli iyo. Tu 

igi Semdgom, rogorc k. kekeliZe fiqrobs somxuri gaxda, swored aRniSnuli 

saeklesio mtaceblobis gamo. saerTod, taos mxareebis qarTulobas isic 

amtkicebs, rom maT bizantielebma ìberiis Temi~ uwodes.


istoria 

avtokefaliis arsi _ èpiskoposTa kurTxeva 

Tavisive episkoposebis mier~ 

541 

`roca III msoflio kreba icavda kviprosis eklesiis avtokefalias, ar 

gauxsenebia am eklesiis arc erTi ufleba, garda misive episkoposTa uflebisa 

Tavisi episkoposebisganve mieRoT qirotonia da amaSi xedavs sxva 

eklesiaTa avtokefaliis arss _ `kviprosis eklesiis zedamdgomT hqondeT 

Tavisufleba... xeli TviTve daasxan dadgenil RvTismoSiS episkoposebs. 

igive, dae, dacul iqnas sxva olqebSi (diocezebSi) da yvela eparqiebSi 

(mitropolitebSi), _ naTqvamia me-8 kanonSi... avtoritetuli kanonistebi 

avtokefaliis arss xedaven swored mocemuli ekelesiis episkoposTa xeldasxmaSi 

Tavisive episkoposebis mier: `miaqcie yuradReba _ rCevas iZleva 

Teodore balsamoni, II msoflio krebis me-2 kanonis ganmartebisas _ rom am 

kanonis Tanaxmad, provinciebis yvela mitropoliti avtokefaluria da xeldasxmuli 

iyo Tavisive krebis mier (aTeni. sint. II, 171)... ar emorCilebian 

arc erT patriarqs bulgareTis, kviprosis, iberiis eklesiebi, radganac am 

eklesiebis mRvdelmTavrebi, rogorc wesi, qirotonias Tavisive episkoposTa 

mier iReben~, _ wers Tavis alfabetur sintagmaSi maTe blastaresi (aTen. 

sint. VI, 258)... avtokefaliis aseTive wesiT ganisazRvreba yvela avtokefaluri 

eklesiis mowyobis safuZvlebi. 176 

Cvenamde moRweulia, SeiZleba iTqvas, oqmi saeklesio krebisa, romelic 

Sedga IX saukuneSi da romelmac airCia iberiis kaTalikosi. igi Semonaxulia 

951 wels daweril giorgi merCules naSromSi: `SromaA da moRuaweobaA 

grigol arqimandritisa xanZTisa da Satberdisa aRmaSeneblisa~, 

romelic asaxavs VIII-IX sakuneebis saqarTvelos politikur, socialur, 

sarwmunoebriv da kulturul cxovrebas. am naSromSi gadmocemul movlena- 

Ta mimdinareoba aseTia: aSot kurapalatis (gard. 826 w.) Zis xelmwife 

guaram mamfalis iniciativiT javaxeTSi mowveul iqna saeklesio kreba, 

romelsac unda gamoerCia kaTalokosi _ meTauri qarTuli eklesiisa. am 

krebamde cota xniT adre erT-erTi provinciis `samcxis ers~ gavleniani 

episkoposebis `mZlavrobiT~ ukurTxebia da daudgenia `TanadgomiTa da 

kurTxeviTa mciredTa episkoposTa... didi arseni kaTolike eklesiasa, qristHs 

kuarTisa samkYdrebelsa mcxeTas, qarTlisa kaTalikozad~. 177 

vinaidan arsen didis kaTolikosad kurTxeva momxdara kanonikuri wesebis 

darRveviT, amitom guaram mamfalma gadawyvita gaeuqmebina wina krebis 

dadgenileba da `brZana SekrebaA episkoposTaA da udabnoAsa mamaTaA~. 178 

kreba asea aRwerili: jer dabrZandeba mefe da brZanebs saeklesio pirTa, 

`moweseTa~, `Semokrebas~. pirvel sityvas warmoTqvams mefe: Tavis sityvaSi 

exeba `Sjuliskanons~, e.i. msoflio krebaTa kanonebsa da mamaTa kanonebs: 

`...iciT yovelTa kanoni SjulisaA, rameTu ara brZanebs episkoposisa da


jafariZe 

kaTalikozisa mZlavrobiT dajdomasa~. 179 es winadadeba motanilia mociqulTa 

kanonebidan da msoflio krebaTa dadgenilebebidan. guaram mamfali yofila 

sjuliskanonis kargi mcodne, da amitomac is am krebaze kanonTa `Sjulisaca 

mravalTa sityuaTa ityoda~. 180 

grigol xanZTels, romelic eswreboda am saeklesio krebas, ar moewona mefe 

guaram mamfalis aqtiuroba da ganucxada mas, rom _ `...wmidaTa mociqulTa da 

RirsTa maT mRdelT-moZRuarTa gansazRvrebulsa kanonsa Sina arave brZanebul 

ars eriskacisaA, viTarmca episkoposTa da wesisa winamZRuarTa mamaTa 

gansagebelisa moZRurebisa ikadrebda...~ 181 e.i. mociqulTa da mRvdelmTavarTa 

(wmida mamaTa) kanonebSi ar weria, rom eriskacma ikadros da ganagos sjulismoZRvreba 

episkoposTa da saeklesio wesebis mcodne mamaTa magier. amiT 

grigol xanZTelma sityva mouWra guaram mamfals. mefe arsen didis kaTalikosad 

dadgenas miiCnevda samociqulo kanonebisa da krebaTa kanonebis dar- 

Rvevad, romelTa Tanaxmadac, ar SeiZleboda mZlavrobiT saepiskoposo da 

sakaTalikoso taxtis daWera. arseni ki swored Zlieri da gavleniani aznauris, 

mirianis (mamamisisa) da samcxis eris mZlavrobiT gamxdara kaTalikosi 

(rac mefis gareSe daudasturebia wina saeklesio krebas). 

guaram mamfali saeklesio kanonebiT _ `SjulismoZRvrebiT~ _ umtkicebda 

krebas amgvari moqmedebis ukanonobas. 

grigol xanZTelma mefes miugo, rom imave kanonebSi, romelsac Sen iyeneb, 

arc is weria, eriskacma (am SemTxvevaSi guaramma) episkoposebs sjuliskanoni 

aswavloso. grigolma ganacxada, rom msoflio saeklesio krebebs 

eswrebodnen mefeni, magram isini wmida mamebs ki ar aswavlidnen sjuls da 

sjulismoZRvrebas ki ar kadrulobdnen, piriqiT, wmida mamebisagan eZiebdnen 

sjuls, maTgan iTxovdnen RvTis sityvaTa axsnas, radgan maTgan RvTis 

mcnebebi iswavleba da ara piriqiTo: `...uwyodi, rameTu pirvelTa wmidaTa 

maT mamaTa Sekrebasa episkoposTa... Tana iyvnes pirvelni morwmuneni mefeni. 

ara Tu maT Tana Sjulis-moZRurebasa ikadrebdes, aramed rjulis gamoZiebasa 

maTsa ikiTxian da iTxoian sityYsa gamocxadebaA, rameTu maT mier 

iswavebdes mcnebaTa RmrTisaTa~... 182 amitom, grigolis sityviT, saeklesio 

krebaze eriskacis (Tundac mefis) sityva gonieri da samarTlianic rom 

iyos, mainc rjulisa da episkoposTa Seuracxyofa ariso. eriskacis sityva 

`...daRacaTu samarTlad sagonebel iyos, aramed Sjulisa da mRdelT-moZRuarTa 

SeuracxebaA ars...~ 183 

javaxeTSi Sekrebilma qarTuli eklesiis adgilobrivma saeklesio krebam 

daiyolia guaram mamfali da kaTalikosad daadgina is piri, romelmac 

episkoposTa umravlesobis xma miiRo. 

aqedan Cans, rom sworia `qarTlis cxovreba~, rodesac wers: qarTuli 

eklesiis meTauri, anu `...kaTalikozi qarTlisa xelqveiT ara ars patriarq- 

Ta da ara ikurTxevian patriarqTagan... rameTu Tavisufal ars da mociqul- 

Ta magieri, mociqulTa taxtsa zeda mjdomi da patriarqi~. 184


istoria 

543 

`qarTlis cxovrebis Tanaxmad, VII saukuneSi qarTul eklesias VI msoflio 

krebisagan araTu avtokefalia, aramed sapatriarqo eklesiad wodebis 

Rirsebac ki miuRia. es gasaocrad ar mogveCveneba, Tu gavixsenebT, rom VII 

saukunis bolos, somxur wyaroTa Tanaxmad, iberiis mezobel somxeTisa da 

albaneTis eklesiebis meTaurebsac hqoniaT patriarqis tituli. 

javaxeTis saeklesio krebam kaTalikosad daadgina arseni, krebis Semdeg 

mas axares (is krebas ar eswreboda): `...moZRuarman Senman, grigol mamaman, 

daamtkica kaTalikozobaA Seni~. 185 

moyvanili saeklesio krebis oqmi naTlad uCvenebs, rom qarTlis kaTalikosis 

kurTxevaSi ar monawileobs ucxo eklesiebis arc erTi patriarqi. qarTuli 

eklesia IX saukuneSi srulebiT damoukidebeli da Tavisufali iyo. 

aseTive mdgomareobaa VIII saukuneSic: qarTveli kaTalikosi xels asxams 

ucxoel guTeTis episkoposs. berZnuli wyaroebiT dadasturebulia, rom 

guTeTis episkoposis kurTxeva moxda iberiaSi. 

guTeTis eklesia eqvemdebareboda konstantinopolis sapatriarqos, radganac 

qalkedonis krebis 28-e kanonis Tanaxmad, pontos diocezi Tavisi 

saeklesio gavlenis sfero alania-guTeTiT da sxva barbarosTa Crdilo 

mxareebiT konstantinopolis iurisdiqciaSi Sevida. 

VIII saukuneSi, mas Semdeg, rac konstantinopoli xatmebrZolebis xelSi 

aRmoCnda, guTeTma gawyvita kavSiri konstantinopolTan, rogorc aramarTlmadidebel 

eklesiasTan da eZebda sxva sapatriarqos, sadac episkoposs 

akurTxebda. guTeTis eklesia iyo mitropolia. arsebobs mosazreba, rom es 

eklesia 8 saepiskopososgan Sedgeboda, Tumca es saeWvoa. 186 

lev III-is memkvidris, konstantine V kopronimis (743-775), mier 754 wels 

konstantinopolSi mowveulma saeklesio krebam xatTayvaniscemis akrZalva 

daadastura. krebaze damswre guTTa episkoposi, radganac man krebis gadawyvetilebas 

xeli moawera, Trakiis herakliis mitropolitad daniSnes. am 

mizeziT 754 wlidan guTeTis saepiskoposo kaTedra Tavisufali darCa. 

guTeTis marTlmadidebelma mosaxleobam episkoposad ioane airCia, magram 

misi kurTxeva gaWirda, radganac konstantinopoli mwvaleblebs eWiraT. 

ìoane guTelis cxovrebaSi~ arsebuli cnobiT, _ wers v. goilaZe, _ igi 

jer wmida miwaze, ierusalimSi gaemgzavra. aq sami weli icxovra, magram 

xeldasxmuli ar iqna. ukanve guTeTSi dabrunebuli ioane adgilobrivma 

mosaxleobam iberiaSi gamoagzavna xeldasasxmelad, sadac igi guTeTis episkoposad 

daadgines. sxva cnobiT iberiaSi Camosvlamde ioane antioqiaSi cdilobda 

xeldasxmas, magram amaod. 

VIII saukunis 50-ian wlebSi iberiaSi guTeTis episkoposis xeldasxma 

naTlad miuTiTebs, rom qarTuli eklesia avtokefaluria VIII saukuneSi. 

ufro metic, kaTalikos-patriarq kirion II-s gamouTqvams mosazreba, rom 

ioane guTelis qarTlSi (iberiaSi) kurTxevis Semdeg guTeTis eparqia iberiis 

eklesias daemoCila. 187


jafariZe 

amas TiTqosda isic adasturebs, rom afxazeTis (qvemo iberiis) sakaTalikosos 

iurisdiqciis Crdilo sazRvari iyo kafa, romelic xersonesTan 

axlo guTeTSi mdebareobda. 

iberiis eklesia daarsebisTanave didi eklesia iyo. 506 wels somxeTis 

dedaqalaqSi amierkavkasiis xalxTa saeklesio krebaze iberiidan kaTalikosis 

meTaurobiT Casuli iyo 24 episkoposi. SeuZlebelia iberiidan somxeTSi 

yvela episkoposi Casuliyo. erTi wyaros Tanaxmad, am saukuneSi iberiis 

eklesiaSi 35 episkoposi iyo. episkoposTa didi raodenobis gamo iberia- 

Si ori sakaTalikoso Seiqmna, sadac episkoposebi da sakaTalikosoTa me- 

Taurebi TviT iberiel episkoposTa mier iyvnen xeldasxmulni. amas zemoT 

moyvanili wyaroebic adastureben. 

abo Tbilelis `qarTvelobisa~ da `qarTvelTa sisxliT 

monaTesaobis eTnikuri momentis~ Sesaxeb 

`grigol xanZTelis cxovrebis~ gadamweris mier, erTi qaragmis arasworad 

gaxsnam XX saukunis zogierT did istorikoss safuZveli misca ise 

gaego merCulis cnoba, TiTqosda qarTlis sakaTalikosos IX saukunemde 

mironis kurTxevis ufleba ar hqonda da dasavleT saqarTvelos pirvelad 

IX-X saukuneSi ewoda qarTli, aq qarTul enaze RvTismsaxurebis gavrcelebis 

gamo gamoiTqva azri, rom giorgi merCulem pirvelma uwoda afxazeTs 

_ e.i dasavleT saqarTvelos `qarTli~, iq qarTuli saeklesio enis 

gavrcelebis gamo, da daaskvnes, rom qarTveli xalxi Camoyalibda X-XI 

saukuneebSi, radganac swored am dros ewoda dasavleT saqarTvelos mosaxleobas 

`qarTvelebi~, xolo qveyanas `qarTli~, razedac merCule werso. 

mkvlevari wers _ `giorgi merCulis TvalsazrisiT, erovnul erTianobas 

safuZvlad udevs saerTo qristianuli kulturis miCneva, serTo qarTuli 

eniT~. mkvlevaris azriT, romelic imeorebs aRiarebul Tvalsazriss _ 

`kulturuli erToba win uswrebs politikurs~ da es `kulturuli erToba~, 

anu `qristianuli ideologia iyo `qarTvelTa maSindeli eTnikuri erTianobis 

(feodaluri eris) erT-erTi niSan-piroba~. 188 

qarTuli qristianuli kultura miiCneva bazad, romelzedac daemyara 

qarTuli erovnuli erToba. aqedan gamomdinareobs, rom dasavleT saqarTvelo- 

Si X saukuneSi qarTuli qristianuli kulturis gavrcelebis gamo, am 

kulturis mimRebi xalxi iqca qarTvelebad~. qarTuli qristianuli kulturis 

gavrceleba Turme `...xdis SesaZleblad qarTuli kulturis areal- 

Si sxva erovnebisa da rjulis warmomadgenelTa moqcevas... `qarTvelis~ 

cneba mainc uSualod qristianobas ukavSirdeba~. 189 Turme, Tu araqarTveli 

da araqristiani miiRebda qarTul qristianul kulturas, e.i. qarTul enas, 

is ukve èTnikurad `qarTveli~ xdeboda. ufro metic, Turme `qarTveli~


istoria 

545 

(`qarTvelTa naTesavi~)... niSnavs qarTuli feodaluri kulturis Tanaziars. 

misgan savsebiT gamoiricxeba sisxliT naTesaobis eTnikuri momenti~. 190 `grigol 

xanZTelis cxovrebaSi~ sruliad ar Cans misi avtoris giorgi merCulis 

Tvalsazrisi, TiTqosda mas qarTuli erovnuli erTianobis safuZvlad qristianuli 

kultura miaCnda saerTo qarTuli eniT. sinamdvileSi is uxsnis 

mkiTxvels, Tu ratom ar mieca mis dros axlad Seqmnil afaxazeTis sakaTalikosos 

mironis kurTxevis ufleba afxazeTSive, e.i. dasavleT saqarTveloSi. 

Tu ratom ganewesa afxazeTisaTvis saWiro mironis kurTxeva qarTlis sakaTalikosoSi, 

Tu ratom unda mieRo Tavisi eklesiisaTvis saWiro mironi afxazeTis 

sakaTalikosos qarTlis sakaTalikososgan. amis mizezad giorgi 

merCule asaxelebs imas, rom afxazeTis qveyana, e.i. dasavleTi saqarTvelo, 

qarTlis qveynis nawilia. merCule ar gulisxmobs da ar wers, rom mis 

dros, mis saukuneSi gaxda dasavleT saqarTvelo (afxazeTi) qarTlis qveynis 

nawili, piriqiT, is am sakiTxSi garkveul pirebs mxolod Seaxsenebs, rom 

axal sakaTalikosoSi wirva-locvis ena qarTuli enaa, da radganac afxaze- 

Tis eklesia qarTuli eklesiis nawilia, amitomac man mcxeTidan _ qarTlis 

sakaTalikosodan unda miiRos mironi da ara aqvs ufleba TviTve akurTxos 

igi. daaxloebiT aseTi azri unda Caedo merCules Tavis cnobaSi. is msjelobs 

wminda saeklesio sakiTxebze da ara imaze, Tu qarTul erovnul erTianobas 

ra edo safuZvlad. 

giorgi merCulis sruliad patiosani cnobis Seusabamo gagebis gamo XX 

saukuneSi daaskvnes, TiTqosda dasavleT saqarTvelos mosaxleobas `qar- 

Tvelni~ ewoda mxolod da mxolod imis gamo, rom maT Turme X saukuneSi 

miuRiaT `qarTuli feodaluri kultura~ _ anu qarTul enaze wirva-locva. 

aseTi daskvna saerTod niko maridan momdinareobs, swored amitom akritikebda 

n. mari iv. javaxiSvils, maSin roca, iv. javaxiSvili megrelebs, 

svanebs da Wanebs `qarTvelebs~ uwodebda jer kidev maT mier qristianobis 

miRebamde da asubuTebda kidec amas. 

ara marto niko mari, aramed XIX saukunisa da XX saukunis dasawyisSi 

garkveuli wreebi amtkicebdnen, TiTqosda qarTuli ena da qarTuli kultura 

qristianobis produqti iyo (e.i. TiTqosda dasavleT saqarTvelos mosaxleoba 

qarTuli kulturis Semoqmedi ki ar iyo, aramed amTvisebeli da 

TiTqosda dasavleT saqarTveloSi qarTuli ena qristianobis Semdeg gavrcelda). 

ivane javaxiSvilma miznad daisaxa eCvenebina, rom es wreebi cdebodnen. 

is wers: winaT egonaT, rom qarTuli ena da kultura qristianobis 

xanisa da garkveuli saxelmwifoebriobis Semoqmedebis nayofiao. 

mecnierma gamoikvlia, rom qarTuli ena qristianobis miRebis Semdeg ki 

ar gavrcelda samegrelosa da svaneTSi, aramed qristianobamde didi xniT 

adre igi yvela qarTvelisaTvis, maT Soris megrel-svanTaTvisac, saerTo ena 

iyo; ufro metic, maT qristianobis miRebamde saerTo warmarTuli sarwmu-


jafariZe 

noeba gaaCndaT da kultmsaxureba am sarwmunoebisa erT _ qarTul enaze 

mimdinareobda. 

iv. javaxiSvili wers: `qarTuli ena qarTlel-kaxel-imerel-gurulebisa 

da megrel-svanebisaTvis saerTo enaa, magram igi, rogorc winaT egonaT, 

TiTqosda qristianobis xanisa da garkveuli saxelmwifoebriobis Semoqmedebis 

nayofia. arsebobda ki Tu ara qristianobamde aseTi saerTo niadagi 

qarTveli eris saerTo warmarTuli sarwmunoebrivi SemoqmedebisaTvis, iyo Tu 

ara aseTi saerTo Semoqmedeba, erTi sityviT, arsebobda Tu ara yvela qarTveli 

tomisaTvis, maT Soris megrelTa da svanTaTvis, saerTo qarTuli warmarToba?~ 191 

mecnierma dasmul kiTxvas ase upasuxa: àramcTu sazogado qarTuli, yvela 

qarTvel tomTaTvis, maT Soris megrelTa da svanTaTvisac, saerTo 

warmarToba arsebobda, aramed am warmarTobas saerTo terminologiac, saerTo 

enac qarTuli hqonia~. 192 

ivane javaxiSvils aseTi mtkice poziciisaTvis usayvedura n. marma: ùnda 

aRvniSno, rom akad. n. mari misayvedurebs, rom megrelebs, svanebs... me qarTvelebs 

vuwodeb...~ 193 

qarTuli ena `...es TviT akad. n. marsac kargad moexseneba da TviTonac 

araerTxel daudasturebia, megrelebisa da svanebisTvisac erTaderTi samwerlobo 

da kulturis ena iyo da aris exlac, romlis Seqmna-SemuSaveba- 

Sic megrelebsa da svanebs TavianTi wvlili aqvT Setanili~. 194 

n. maris mier tendenciurad gagebuli giorgi merCulis aRniSnuli cnobidan 

Semdegi daskvnebi gamomdinareobs: _ `...magram `qarTvelis~ cneba 

mainc uSualod qristianobas ukavSirdeba~. 195 TiTqosda cneba `qarTvelisagan~ 

`...savsebiT gamoiricxeba sisxliT naTesaobis eTnikuri momenti~. 196 

`naTesaviT qarTveli~ swored erTi sisxlis, erTi eTnikuri warmoSobis 

`naTesavs~ _ e.i. erTi Teslidan, erTi genisagan `naTes~ _ warmoSobil 

xalxs hqvia da rogorRa gamoiricxeba misgan `sisxliT naTesaobis eTnikuri 

momenti~? Tu cneba `qarTvelisagan~ `sisxliT naTesaobis eTnikuri 

momenti~ gamovricxeT, vinRa darCeba? darCeba sul `sxvadasxva~ eTnikuri 

warmoSobis tomebis konglomerati, romelnic, Turme, Tavis Tavs `qarTvelebs~ 

uwodebdnen qristianuli sarwmunoebis gamo. Turme `qristiani~ da `qarTveli~ 

erTi da imave mniSvnelobis mqone sinonimebi yofilan. aqedan daskvna: 

qarTvelebi `gaCndnen~ IV-V saukunis Semdgom, Tanac es `qarTvelebi~ mxolod 

aRmosavleT saqarTveloSi cxovrobdnen, dasavleT saqarTvelos mosaxleobas 

ki qarTvelebi ewodaT X saukunis Semdgom, iq `qarTuli feodaluri 

kulturis~ _ qarTul enaze wirva-locvis SemoRebis gamoo. 

magram Cven viciT, rom qarTveli sarwmunoebiT SeiZleboda yofiliyo ara 

mxolod qristiani, aramed cecxlTayvanismcemeli da warmarTi: `...iranis 

administracias qarTlis mTavrobisagan mouTxovia: `vinca qarTveli nebiTa 

TvisiTa aRirCevdes sjulsa Cvensa nu ayenebTo~. 197


istoria 

547 

gana is `qarTveli~, romelic iranis administraciis moTxovniT Tavis 

sarwmunoebad cecxlTayvanismcemlobas airCevda, kvlav qarTveli ar iqneboda? 

aq arCevazea laparaki, e.i. Tuki mounaTlavi, araqristiani qarTveli 

àirCevda~ Tavis sarwmunoebad ara qristianobas, aramed cecxlTayvanismcemlobas, 

adgilobriv xelisuflebas ufleba ar hqonda Careuliyo misi 

piradi sindisis saqmeSi, swored amazea laparaki. mounaTlavi, e.i. jer 

kidev araqristiani qarTveli iseve aris erovnebiT qarTveli, rogorc 

sarwmunoebiT cecxlTayvanismcemeli, warmarTi anda qristiani qarTveli. 

gana qarTlis `wvrili eri~ sarwmunoebiT cecxlTayvanismcemeli ar iyo, 

razedac wers mematiane? gana warmarTuli qristianobamdeli qarTveloba 

ar unda CaiTvalos qarTvelobad maTi mounaTlaobis gamo? swored amitomac 

cneba `qarTvelSi~ sisxliT naTesaobis eTnikuri momentia arsebiTi da 

mTavari, radganac im epoqaSi `qarTveli~ ara sarwmunoebrivi Sinaarsis 

mqone termini, aramed eTnikuri Sinaarsis matarebeli termini iyo, romelic 

mianiSnebda erovnul kuTvnilebas da ara sarwmunoebrivs. 

iseTi daskvnebi, rogoricaa `qarTveli, niSnavs qarTuli feodaluri kulturis 

Tanaziars, misgan savsebiT gamoiricxeba sisxliT naTesaobis eTnikuri 

momenti... `qarTvelis~ cneba mainc uSualod qristianobas ukavSirdeba~ 

da a.S. _ Turme gamomdinareobs iqidan, rom sagaloblebSi abo Tbilels 

`qarTvels~ uwodeben. marTlac, cnobilia, rom abo Tbileli erovnebiT arabia, 

magram mas ramdenime krebulSi `qarTvels~ uwodeben; es im dros, roca 

TviT avtorebma da redaqtorebma kargad ician, rom abo erovnebiT ar aris 

qarTveli. amis gamo, mkvlevari msjelobs: Tuki abo Tbilels qristianobis 

miRebis Semdeg uwodes `qarTveli~, cxadia, `qarTveli~ niSnavs ara erovnebiT 

qarTvels, aramed `qarTuli feodaluri kulturis Tanaziars~ da misgan 

`savsebiT gamoiricxeba sisxliT naTesaobis eTnikuri momenti~. 

`swored amas adasturebs abo Tbilelis 

misamarTiT Tqmuli `galobani naTelTani da 

habo ismaitel-yofilisa qarTvelisa~ (stefane 

Wyondideli); `xsenebaA RuawliT Semosilisa 

uZlevelisa mowamisa habo ismaitel-yofilisa 

qarTvelisaA (miqael modrekili). abo qarTvelia, 

is himnografebs aRar miaCniaT sarkinozad 

mas Semdeg, rac man aRiara qarTuli feodaluri 

kultura, qarTuli qalkedonituri qristianoba 

da Tavic Seswira, e.i. gaqarTvelda~. 198 

sinamdvileSi abo Tbilels, Tavis droze, 

`qarTveli~ uwodes ara imis gamo, rom man 

mahmadianoba uaryo da qristianoba miiRo, aq 

ufro faqiz momentTan gvaqvs saqme: esaa VII-


jafariZe 

VIII saukuneebSi saqarTveloSi gaCaRebuli religiuri omi. am periodSi, 

iseve rogorc VI saukuneSi, saqarTvelo monofizitTa da qalkedonitTa 

omis areals warmoadgens. 

IX-X saukuneebi aris rogorc qarTvel monofizitTa devnisa da ganadgurebis, 

aseve qarTvel qalkedonitTa zeobisa da gamarjvebis saukuneebi. 

VIII da wina saukuneebSi qarTul eklesiaSi monofizituri mimdinareoba 

sakmaod Zlier frTas qmnida. qarTvel monofizitebs gaaCndaT somxuridan 

naTargmni an redaqtirebuli mdidari qarTulenovani saeklesio literatura: 

monofizituri Txzulebebi, wmidanTa cxovrebebi, sagaloblebi, himnebi 

da sxva. IX-X saukuneebSi gamarjvebulma qalkedonitebma daiwyes qarTulenovani 

monofizituri saeklesio literaturis totaluri ganadgureba. 

amdroindel qarTul eklesiaSi berZnulis mixedviT daiwyo xelaxali redaqtireba 

an Targmna im wmida wignebisa, romelnic naredaqtirevi anda 

naTargmni iyo somxuri enidan. ispoboda wina saukuneTa iseTi Zeglebi, 

romelnic eWvs iwvevdnen sarwmunoebrivi TvalsazrisiT. nadgurdeboda ara 

marto saeWvo saeklesio literatura, aramed iseTi Txzulebebic ki, 

romelnic mkiTxvels daaeWvebdnen somxur da qarTul eklesiebs Soris 

Zveli urTierTkavSiris Sesaxeb. aseTi Txzulebani qarTvel monofizitebs 

mravlad unda hqonodaT. qarTvel monofizitebs orientacia somxur eklesiaze 

hqondaT aRebuli, romlis TvalsazrisiT, qarTuli eklesia warmoadgenda 

somxuri eklesiis Semadgenel nawils, TiTqosda mas uflebamosileba 

gaaCnda albanur da qarTul eklesiebze. somxuri eklesia qarTuls masSi 

Semaval avtonomiur erTeulad miiCnevda da ar cnobda mis srul damoukideblobas. 

aseTi saxis urTierTobis kanonierebis damadasturebeli Txzulebani 

somxur eklesias mravlad gaaCnda. isini qarTvel monofizitebs naTargmni 

unda hqonodaT. swored aseT Txzulebebs anadgurebda qarTuli 

eklesia Tavisi damoukideblobis dacvis mizniT. 199 

VIII saukuneSi saqarTvelos saxelmwifo da saerTod qveyana, Zalze mZime 

mdgomareobaSi imyofeboda arabebis Semosevis gamo (ramac gamoiwvia kidec 

qarTlis saxelmwifos damxoba). aseT pirobebSi qarTul eklesias Zala ar 

Seswevda, Seesustebina saqarTveloSi arsebul monofizitTa Zliereba (VIII 

saukunis pirvel naxevarSi). maT saeWvod gauxdiaT qarTuli eklesiis somxuri 

eklesiisagan damoukidebeli arseboba da politika. wina wlebSi qarTuli 

eklesia iZulebuli Seiqna, miemarTa antioqiis sapatriarqosaTvis da mieRo 

misgan dadastureba, rom qarTuli eklesia srulebiT Tavisufali, avtokefaluri 

eklesiaa, magram Cans, es ar aRmoCnda sakmarisi da mainc somxurqarTuli 

tradiciuli èrTobis~ aRdgenis momxreTa ricxvi mravlad yofila. 

maT surdaT somxur-qarTuli eklesiebis èrToba~ somxuri eklesiis 

meTaurobiT. 

IX-X saukuneSi, mas Semdeg, rac Seiqmna da ganmtkicda qarTuli erovnuli 

saxelmwifoebrivi erTeulebi tao-klarjeTSi, afxazeTSi, kaxeTSi, qarTuli


istoria 

549 

eklesia gansakuTrebiT gaZlierda da Seutia qarTvel monofizitebs. am 

dros, rogorc aRiniSna, daiwyo qarTuli monofizituri literaturis masobrivi 

ganadgureba. savaraudoa, am dros misaRebi da miuRebeli Txzulebebis 

garCevis mizniT, qarTul eklesiaSi misaReb Txzulebebs awerdnen 

pirobiT simbolur niSans _ `qarTuli~, `qarTveli~ e.i. qarTuli erovnuli 

eklesiisaTvis misaRebi, qarTuli erovnuli eklesiis wmidani, xolo, albaT, 

amgvari warweris gareSe tovebdnen, anda anadgurebdnen qarTulenovan monofizitur 

Txzulebebs. 

safiqrebelia, rom swored am mizezTa gamo miuweres abo Tbilelis 

sagalobels Tavdapirvelad simboluri niSani `qarTveli~, rac niSnavda, 

rom abo Tbileli qarTuli erovnuli eklesiis wmidani iyo. es niSani im 

areul dros icavda am Txzulebas ganadgurebisagan, Torem yvelam kargad 

icoda, rom abo qarTveli ki ar iyo, aramed arabi, da ara ubralod arabi, 

aramed wminda sisxlis arabi (amas gansakuTrebuli mniSvneloba hqonda 

imdroindeli msoflios arabTa mier dapyrobis dros): èse naSobi iyo 

abrameani, ZeTagan ismaelisTa, tomisagan sarkinozTaAsa, da ara Tu ucxo- 

Asagan Teslisa, arca xarWisgan Sobili, aramed yovladve arabielTa Tesli, 

mamulad da dedulad, romlisaA mamaA misi da dedaA misi Zmani da dani 

misni iyvnes munve qalaqsa mas Sina baRdads babilovnisasa~. 200 

IX-X saukuneTa avtori da redaqtori (stefane Wyondideli da miqael 

modrekili) abosadmi sagangebod miZRvnil sagaloblebs saTaurad aweren: 

àbo ismaitelyofili qarTveli~, orive mwerlis mier abos erTnairad moxseneba 

aCvenebs, rom ukve IX_X saukuneebSi qarTuli himnografia tradiciulad 

am wmidans ase moixseniebs. 

rogorc aRiniSna, warwera `qarTveli~ aq aRniSnavs ara sarwmunoebriv, 

aramed saeklesio kuTvnilebas; abo qarTuli erovnuli eklesiis wmidania 

da ara sxva romelime, vTqvaT, qarTul-monofizituri eklesiisa, romelic im 

dros somxuri eklesiis nawilad gadaiqca da amitomac qarTvel monofizitebs 

IX-X saukuneebSi `sarwmunoebiT somxebs~ uwodebdnen, `somexi~ niSnavda 

ara eTnikurad somexs, aramed somxuri eklesiis wevrs. SeiZleboda, rom 

eriT da gvartomobiT qarTveli, anu `naTesaviT qarTveli~ somxuri eklesiis 

wevri yofiliyo, Tundac saqarTveloSi ecxovra. maT `sarwmunoebiT somxebs~ 

uwodebdnen, msgavsad im albanelebisa, romlebic albaneTSi cxovrobdnen, 

magram somxuri eklesiis wevrebi iyvnen (albanuri eklesia somxuri 

eklesiis nawili iyo). es albanelebi kulturulad da eTnikurad, marTlac 

gasomxdnen. mesxeTSi, da albaT sxvaganac, grigol xanZTelis epiqaSi mravlad 

yofilan erovnebiT qarTveli, magram somxuri eklesiis wevri mcxovrebni. 

aseTi `somxebi~ qarTuli eklesiis wyalobiT kvlav daubrundnen deda 

eklesias. maT gansakuTrebiT uyvardaT xazgasmiT moxsenieba imisa, rom isini 

eTnikurad, gvartomobiT, warmoSobiT _ `naTesaviT~ qarTvelebi iyvnen.


jafariZe 

sityva `qarTveli~ arc qalkedonobis aRmniSvneli termini yofila. amis 

magaliTad SeiZleba moviyvanoT is, rom miqael modrekilis krebulSi aris 

himnebi, romelTac aqvT warwera `berZnuli~. Cans, VI-VII-VIII saukuneebSi 

qarTul eklesiaSi yofila sagaloblebi siriul-somxur-aRmosavluri warmoSobisa, 

Semdeg es sagaloblebi qarTuli eklesiis praqtikidan amouRiaT 

da mouspiaT. qarTul erovnul eklesiaSi ZvelTaganve miRebuli sxva sagaloblebic 

rom ar moespoT, maT gaukeTes warwera, niSani _ `qarTueli~. es 

uflebas aZlevdaT, SeesrulebinaT sagalobeli. swored amgvarad qarTuli 

erovnuli eklesiisaTvis misaRebi abo Tbilelisadmi miZRvnil sagalobels 

Tavidanve gaukeTes warwera _ `qarTueli~. imis gamo, rom sagalobelTa 

melodia saukuneTa manZilze erTi da igive rCeboda, xolo teqsti icvleboda 

da xelaxla iwereboda, abo Tbilelis sagalobels sxvadasxva avtorebi 

erTsa da imave saxels awerdnen. `qarTveli~ _ qarTuli erovnuli eklesiisadmi 

kuTvnils, qarTuli eklesiis wmidans niSnavda. 

niko maris mier giorgi merCulis cnobis mcdarad gagebam gamoiwvia 

iseTi daskvnebi, TiTqosda qarTuli X saukunis Semdgom gaxda dasavleT 

saqarTvelos mosaxleobis kulturis ena, amitomac `naTesaviT qarTveli~ 

TiTqosda niSnavs ara erovnebiT, eTnikurad, geniT qarTvels, aramed kulturiT 

qarTvels, ufro metic, TviT aRmosavleT saqarTveloSic ki yofila 

raRac `saxlebi~, romlebic TiTqos daviT aRmaSenebelma `daipyro da 

gaqarTveldnen~. 

iv. javaxiSvils gamowvlilviT aqvs gamorkveuli, rom qarTuli ena jer 

kidev qristianobis miRebamde megrelebisa da svanebisaTvis iyo kultmsaxurebis 

ena, ufro metic, qarTuli ena megrelebisa da svanebisaTvis erTaderTi 

samwerlobo da kulturis ena iyo, romlis Seqmna-SemuSavebaSiac 

megrelebsa da svanebs TavianTi wvlili aqvT Setanili. qarTuli damwerlobisa 

da literaturis arseboba IV-V saukuneebidanaa dadasturebuli. 

am saukuneebSi samwerlo ena mxolod saeklesio saWiroebisaTvis _ wirvalocvisa 

da samRvdlmsaxuro wignebisaTvis gamoiyeneboda. cxadia, Tuki 

megrelebi da svanebi Semoqmedni arian qarTuli samwerlo enisa, am enas 

gamoiyenebdnen kidec TavianTi saWiroebisaTvis, wirva-locvis dros IV-V 

saukuneebSive. dasavleT saqarTvelo aRmosavleT saqarTvelosTan erTad 

gaqristianebula. iv. javaxiSvili wers: `...dasavleT saqarTveloSic IV saukunis 

damdegidan qristianobas gza gakvleuli unda hqonoda~. 201 

qarTuli ena dasavleT saqarTveloSi kultmsaxurebis ena yofila ara 

marto warmarTobis, aramed qristianobis miRebis drosac _ IV-V saukuneeb- 

Si. dasavleT saqarTveloSi erTi sarwmunoeba meores Seucvlia, magram 

kultmsaxurebis ena igive darCenila, bunebrivia, Seicvala ara eTnosi, aramed 

sarwmunoeba. swored amis gamo uwodebs dasavleT saqarTvelos `qarTls~ 

(anu iberias) giorgi merCule. man icis, rom dasavleT saqarTvelo poli-


istoria 

551 

tikurad qarTlis nawili iyo VIII saukunemde, xolo qarTuli ena aq wirvalocvis 

ena iyo IV saukunidan. marTalia, VII saukunis Semdeg, rac dasavleT 

saqarTvelos erT-erT mniSvnelovan nawilze Tavisi iurisdiqcia ganaxorciela 

konstantinopolis sapatriarqom, wirva-locvis enad berZnuli SemoiRo, 

magram es mdgomareoba IX-X saukuneebSi gamosworebula. merCules 

afxazeTi, anu dasavleTi saqarTvelo qarTlis nawilad miaCnia. 202 

wmida nino da mociquli eliSa 

albaneTis avtokefaluri eklesia miiCnevda da gansakuTrebiT usvamda 

xazs, rom albaneTis eklesia daaarsa mociqulma eliSam pirvel an meore 

saukuneSi, eliSam kurTxeva uflis Zma iakobisagan miiRoo, 203 amitomac albanuri 

eklesia samociquloa da misi kaTalikosi (patriarqi) samociqulo 

taxtze ziso _ aseTi iyo albaneTis eklesiis umTavresi ideologia misi 

avtokefaliis arsebobisas. albaneTis eklesias es damoukideblobis dacvaSi 

exmareboda, magram aseTi mtkiceba mxolod VII saukunis bolomde gagrZelda. 

daaxloebiT 699 wels albaneTis qalkedoniti kaTalikosis dasasjelad 

albaneTSi arabTa jariT Cavida somxeTis kaTalikosi. is sikvdiliT sjis 

albaneTis kaTalikoss qalkedonituri mrwamsis gamo. arabTa jariT daSinebuli 

albaneTis saeklesio kreba somxeTis eklesias aRuTqvams samudamo 

morCilebas. amiT dasrulda albaneTis eklesiis isedac meryevi avtokefalia. 

albaneTis eklesia somxeTis eklesiis nawilad iqca. 

avtokefaliis dakargvas Tan mohyva albaneTis eklesiaSi saukuneTa man- 

Zilze arsebuli ideologiis _ mociqul eliSas Sesaxeb _ gadmocemis 

Secvlac. albaneTis ganmanaTlebel mociqul eliSas Sesaxeb gadmocemis 

axal saxes TviT somxeTis kaTalikosi ayalibebs. 

somxeTis kaTalikosis versia aseTia: marTalia, albaneTis eklesia daafuZna 

mociqulma eliSam, magram eliSa iyo Tadeoz mociqulis mowafe. es aris 

sruliad axali formula. Tadeoz mociquli somxuri eklesiis damaarseblad 

iyo aRiarebuli. 

imis gamo, rom mociquli Tadeozi somxeTis eklesiis damaarsebeli iyo, 

xolo albaneTis eklesiis damfuZnebeli mociquli eliSa, Tadeozis mowafe, 

amitomac albaneTis eklesia iseve unda damorCileboda somxur eklesias, 

rogorc Tadeozs emorCileboda misi mowafe eliSa. 

mose kalankatueli am ambis aRweris Semdeg aRarafers ambobs eliSa 

mociqulisa da iakob mociqulis ierusalimuri kavSiris Sesaxeb. VII saukunidan 

dadginda, rom eliSa, upirveles yovlisa, mowafea Tadeozisa. ierusalimi 

somxeTiT Seicvala. 

msgavsi ambavi ganmeorda wmida ninos mimarTac. faqtia, rom wmida ninos 

moixseneben IV-VI saukunisa (qarTuli da ucxouri) da IX-X saukuneTa


jafariZe 

qarTuli wyaroebi. VI-VII saukuneebSi qarTuli wyaroebi TiTqmis eridebian, 

an mcired ixsenieben wmida ninos. 

berZen-laTini istorikosebi, TiTqmis Tanamedroveni wmida ninosi, sul 50- 

100 wliT daSorebulni misgan, dawvrilebiT aRweren wmida ninos moRvaweobas, 

magram arasdros axseneben mas wmida grigolTan, somxeTis ganmanaTlebelTan 

kavSirSi, aseve IV-V saukunis wmida ninos qarTuli cxovreba 

ninos ar uwodebs wmida grigolis mowafes. amitomac unda vifiqroT, rom 

wmida nino ar yofila wmida grigolis mowafe. wmida nino iyo qarTlis 

damoukidebeli ganmanaTlebeli, mosuli ierusalimidan, aseTi iyo sazogado 

azri IV da V saukunis I naxevrisa. 

V saukunidanve somxur eklesiaSi mkvidrdeba Tvalsazrisi, rom wmida 

nino wmida grigolis mowafe iyo da man grigolis davalebiT gaanaTla 

qarTli. 

am ideam praqtikuli ganxorcieleba hpova VI saukunis Semdeg. VI saukuneSi, 

sparsTagan qarTlis dapyrobam da aq somxuri eklesiis gavlenis 

zrdam saSualeba misca somxur eklesias, Tavis sasargeblod gamoeyenebina 

am ori wmidanis kavSiris Teoria iseve, rogorc mociqul eliSasa da 

mociqul Tadeozis kavSiri. 

Tu somxuri eklesiis ganmanaTlebeli, wmida grigoli, iyo maswavlebeli da 

xelmZRvaneli qarTuli eklesiis ganmanaTlebel wmida ninosi, somxur eklesias 

garkveuli zedamxedvelobis uflebac eqneboda qarTul eklesiaze. 

am TeoriiT qarTuli eklesia somxurs eqvemdebareboda, am mizezis gamo 

VI-VII saukuneebSi qarTvelebi (qalkedonitebi) eridebodnen wmida ninos 

xsenebas. Tu aucilebeli iyo, isev wmida grigols axsenebdnen, radganac 

wmida nino qarTul-somxuri eklesiebis damakavSirebeli gamodioda ise, 

rogorc eliSa _ somxur-albanuri eklesiebisa VII saukunis bolos. 

mas Semdeg, rac qarTulma eklesiam VIII saukunis dasawyisSi, 726 wels 

mowveuli somxuri eklesiis krebis Semdeg sabolood, srulebiT da absoluturad 

gawyvita kavSiri somxur eklesiasTan, wmida ninom qarTul eklesiaSi 

daiWira Tavisi kuTvnili adgili. 

v. gurgeniZe simon janaSiaze dayrdnobiT werda, rom VI-VII saukuneebSi 

sparselTa nebiT qarTul werilobiT wyaroebSi moispo, anda srulebiT 

gadakeTda istoriuli faqtebi. am dros sruliad SesaZlebeli iyo wmida 

ninos Sesaxeb arsebuli istoriuli faqtebis damaxinjeba. 

`saqarTveloSi sparseTis ideologiuri politika miznad isaxavda `somxe- 

Tis religiaze~ _ monofizitobaze dayrdnobiT, qarTvel xalxSi moespo Zveli 

marTlmadidebluri (diofizituri) sarwmunoeba da iq macxovreblebi Tanda- 

TanobiT gadaeyvana TavianT mxareze~. 204 aseTi mdgomareoba iyo VI saukuneSi. 

VII saukunis daswyisSi ki `sparselebma ise, rogorc 506 wels q. dvinSi 

Catarebul saeklesio krebaze, kvlav ufro mkacrad daakanones Tavis gamgeblobaSi 

Semaval yvela xalxisTvis erTiani ideologia _ somxuri (monofiz-


istoria 

553 

ituri) religia. maTi mtkicebiT, es erTiani religia yvelgan ganavrco 

sparselebis naTesavma ganmanaTlebelma grigorim. am aucilebeli ideologiis 

miRebis mizniT, yvelgan, maT Soris qarTlSic, `ganwmedil iqna~ da axali 

masalebiT Seivso qarTvelTa, albanelTa da somexTa saistorio mwerloba. 

swored amitom, rogorc samarTlianad miuTiTebda s. janaSia, werilobiT 

wyaroebSi Seubraleblad mospes an Zireulad gadaakeTes sxvadasxva istoriuli 

faqtebi, maTTvis misaRebi enebidan _ somxuridan da asurulidan 

xelaxla aTargmnines berZnulidan gadmoTargmnili wignebi, `Seudares~, `Seaswores~, 

zogi ram ki axlad daawerines. yvelaze samwuxarod s. janaSias 

miaCnia is faqti, rom am `gasufTavebis~ dros, faqtobrivad `ganadgurda~ 

Zveli qarTuli saistorio mwerloba da `qarTlis moqcevis~, `juanSeris~ 

da sxva matianeebSi am mwerlobidan SemorCenilia mxolod damaxinjebuli 

fragmentebi~. 205 ai, saidan iRebs saTaves iranofiluri da somxofiluri 

tendenciebi rogorc qarTul, ise somxur istoriul wyaroebSi. `...rom daepirispirebina 

erTmaneTisaTvis somxeTi da saqarTvelo, sparseTi droebiT dapyrobil, 

Tu romael-bizantielTagan xelSekrulebiT `miRebul~ saqarTvelos 

teritoriebs calke administraciul qarTul erTeulebad ki ar acxadebda, 

aramed miawerda mas mis mier dapyrobil somxeTs, romlebic TavianT mxriv 

Tvlidnen, rogorc somxur teritoriebs da yvelafers akeTebdnen aq mcxovrebi 

qarTvelebis asimilaciisaTvis...~ 206 

am dros mimdinareobda gugarqis, mesxeTisa da hereTis qarTvelebis 

asimilacia. qarTuli da berZnuli enebi idevneboda RvTismsaxurebidan, 

eklesiebidan da inergeboda somxurenovneba. swored aseT dros SeiZleboda 

qarTuli ena miCneuliyo `mdabal da dawunebul enad~. qarTuli, rogorc 

diofizitTa ena, gandevnes eklesiebidan, is aRar ixmareboda samxreT provinciebSi. 

amitomac werda mwerali: `damarxul ars enaA qarTuli~, rac 

sinamdviles Seefereboda. qarTuli ena dafaruli, gadamaluli iqna mxolod 

Crdilo provinciebSi, mTianeTSi SeiZleboda qarTul enaze Tavisufali 

msaxureba, amitomac èse enaA mZinare ars dResamomdeo~ _ werda, Cans, VI 

an VII s.s. dasawyisis avtori. is wuxs _ èse ena Semkuli da kurTxeuli 

saxeliTa uflisaATa~ aris `mdabali da dawunebulio~ (qebaA da didebaA 

qarTulisa enisaA). 207 

swored am devnis gamo Cven, faqtobrivad, ara gvaqvs VII saukuneSi Seqmnili 

arc erTi qarTuli nawarmoebi (zogierTi gamonaklisis, polemikuri 

Txzulebis garda). maSin, roca VIII saukunidan mdgomareoba mkveTrad icvleba, 

didi raodenobiT Cndeba qarTuli Txzulebebi. 

726 wels manaskertis krebaze somxurma eklesiam, sabolood da gadaWriT, 

erTaderT swor sarwmunoebad aRiara monofizitoba da uaryo rogorc monoTelitoba, 

ise qalkedonitoba, dagmo kavSiri bizantiur eklesiasTan (da herakle 

keisris Semdeg arsebuli ùnia~). qarTulma eklesiam, rogorc qalkedonitizmis 

erTgulma damcvelma, amis Semdeg yovelgvari kavSiri gawyvita somxurTan.


jafariZe 

Zvel qarTul literaturaze Tvalis gadavlebiTac Cans, VIII saukunis 

Sua wlebidan qarTuli saeklesio literatura moedineba rogorc wyarosTvali. 

ukve VIII saukunidan grigol xanZTelis (758-860) Semdeg Cndebian sxva 

mwerlebic. qarTuli literatura iRviZebs da hyvavis. iwereba iovane sabanisZis 

`wamebaA haboAsi~ (786-790), konstanti kaxis wameba, daviT da konstantines 

martviloba, juanSeris Txzuleba, leonti mrovelis Txzulebis 

nawili da sxva. VIII saukune kulturulad gaTavisuflebis saukunea, Tumca, 

politikurad saqarTvelo kvlav gasaWirSia, magram imdenad mniSvnelovani 

iyo eris sulieri cxovrebisaTvis somxuri eklesiis gavlenisagan Tavis 

daRweva, rom mas Semdgom mohyva kulturuli aRorZineba, sulieri aRfrTovaneba. 

amis Semdeg saukuneebSi Seuferxeblad viTardeba qarTuli eklesiis 

sulieri saganZuri, Cndebian mwerlebi, eklesiis saWiroebisaTvis sagaloblebs 

weren epifane moZRvari (xanZTeli, VIII-IX); makari leTeTeli, xan- 

ZTel-sabawmideli (IX); basili (xanZTeli, IX); giorgi merCule (IX-X); miqael 

modrekili (X); iovane mtbevari (X); ezra (X); iovane qonqozis-Ze (X); 

kurdanaA-kYrike (X). am saukuneSi iqmneba avtorwauwereli himnografiuli 

Zeglebi-krebulebi (eruSenuli krebuli, opizuri krebuli); iqmneba sagaloblebi, 

Zlispirebi. am saukuneebSi moRvaweobdnen _ `ninos I himnografi~ 

(VIII-IX); `ninos II himnografi~ (IX-X); `konstanti kaxaAs himnografi~ (IX-X); 

samoel mgalobeli, mwerali ioane bolneli (IX); `ninoAs III himnografi~ 

(IX-X); msxemi zedazneli (X); daviT garejelis himnografebi (IX-X); iovane 

minCxi (X); stefane Wyondideli (X); àbakurais mleqsavi~ (IX); giorgi 

sabawmidel-sineli, ioane zosime; filipe beTlemeli (X); am saukuneebSi 

palestinaSi iqmneba himnografiuli krebulebi: `sagalobelni iadgarni~, 

`saweliwado iadgari~ da sxva. 208 

qarTuli ena IX-X saukuneebSi sruliad hyvavis da viTardeba, aseT dros 

qarTul enas `mdabalsa da dawunebuls~ aravin uwodebda, piriqiT, IX-X 

saukunis avtori `ninos II himnografi~ wers: `dRes didebismetyvelebs ena 

qarTvelTa~, marTlacda, ratom unda yofiliyo qarTuli ena IX-X saukuneeb- 

Si `damarxuli, mZinare, mdabali da dawunebuli~, rogorc wers `qebaAs~ 

avtori? am dros saqarTvelo ZiriTadad gaTavisuflda arab da yovelgvar 

dampyrobTagan, ramac saSualeba misca qarTvel ers, Seeqmna Tavisi saxelmwifo 

erTeulebi _ afxazeTis, tao-klarjeTisa da kaxeT-hereTis samefoebi. 

am saxelmwifoTa ena qarTuli iyo, amitomac `qebaAs~ dawera ufro VI-VII 

saukuneebSia savaraudo, im dros, roca qarTvelebi gabedulad TavianTi 

ganmanaTleblis wmida ninos saxelsac ver axsenebdnen. 

VIII saukunidan, eklesiuri viTarebis Secvlis Semdeg gabedviT weren: 

àdide Sen qriste, qarTli... ninoAs ganaxlebuli~, `netarman nino moaqcivna 

qarTvelni~, wmidao nino ìqmen Sen qarTlisa mqadageblad~, `nino, mowafeo 

macxovrisao da mociqulo CrdiloAsa soflisao, Sen xar moZRuar qar- 

Tlisa~. 209 nino aris `moZRuari msgavs mociqulTa... sanatreli mociquli~, 

wers ninos II himnografi (IX-X); `ninom qarTvelni warudginna qristesa~;


istoria 

555 

`movedin `hoi mkvidrno qarTlisano yovelTasa vaqebdeT RmerTs~, rameTu 

ninoAs mier kerpTa sacdurisagan gYKsna~. 210 `ninos III himnografi~ saqarTvelosa 

da CrdiloeTs uwodebs mociqul barTlomes nawils, sadac Rirs 

iqmna `moqcevad warmarTTa~ _ `mi-raAxued Rirso nino sazRvrad qarTlisa... 

mociqulebr hqadage~. 211 

VIII saukunis Semdeg wmida ninom daiWira Tavisi Rirseuli adgili, ise 

rogorc asurelma mamebma. 

erTi Tanamedrove mkvlevari werda: ÌX saukuneSi qarTvelebma wamoayenes 

TavianTi ganmanaTlebeli wmida ninos saxiT~, aseT gancxadebas unda vupasuxoT, 

rom qarTvelebma IX saukuneSi ki ar `wamoayenes~ anu, rogorc es mkvlevari 

fiqrobs, `SeTxzes legenda~ wmida ninos Sesaxeb, aramed yovel saukune- 

Si, IV saukunis Semdeg, qarTvelTaTvis cnobili iyo, rom wmida nino maTi 

ganmanaTlebelia, magram VI saukunesa da VII saukunis garkveul monakveTSi 

mis xsenebas eridebodnen politikuri da saeklesio viTarebis gamo. 

rac Seexeba asurel mamebs, isini monofizitebi rom yofiliyvnen, VIII 

saukunis Semdeg, roca qarTul eklesiaSi nadgurdeboda yvelaferi, rac ki 

monofizitobis saxelTan iyo dakavSirebuli, asurel mamebsac aravin moixsenebda 

da maT saxelsac srulebiT aRxocavdnen literaturidan, magram, 

piriqiT, swored VIII saukunis Semdeg maTi saxeli xSirad ixsenieba. 

saqarTveloSi asureli mamebis SemosvlisTanave qarTulma eklesiam, arseni 

safarelis Tanaxmad, dvinis 551 wlis krebis Semdeg, polemika daiwyo somxur 

eklesiasTan, rasac maleve, 570-580-ian wlebSi, mohyva qarTlis antimonofizituri 

ajanyeba. am ajanyebas didi warmateba hqonda _ qveyana qalkedonitobisaken 

gadaixara. savaraudoa, rom ajanyebis sulisCamdgmelni asureli mamebi 

iyvnen. monofizitobis momxre sparseT-arabTa batonobisas da agreTve bizantiasTan 

somxuri eklesiis ùniis~ dros somxur eklesias gavlena da zemoqmedeba 

hqonda qarTulze da amitom VI-VII saukuneebSi asureli mamebis Rvawli 

warmoCenili ar iyo, xolo VIII saukunis Semdgom qarTuli eklesiis gaTavisuflebam 

asureli mamebi ixsna yovelgvari zegavlenisagan. 

amitomac, IX-X saukunis erTi himnografi daviT garejelisadmi miZRvnil 

sagalobelSi mouwodebs saeklesio moRvaweebs _ `Zmebs~, romlebic ar 

icnoben daviT garejelis moRvaweobas, aucileblad Seiswavlon igi. kerZod, 

is wers: `...esreATve daviT Cuenda iqmna, kacno Zmano! umecar nu xarT, 

SeiswaveT didi ese...~ 212 aqedan sruliad aSkarad Cans, daviTis (da asurel 

mamaTa) Rvawli ucnobi yofila. mwerali _ msxemi zedazneli iovane zedaznelisadmi 

am droisaTvis daweril galobaSi wers: `mamaA mamaTaA, Rirsi qebisaA, 

iovane idideboden, aTormetTa maT Tana mowafeTa, romelTa mier ganaTlda 

dRes queyanaA ese qarTlisaA~; `samkaul iqmen kaTolike eklesiisa da 

mcxeTa qalaqi wmida iqmna swavliTa SeniTa, mamao~. 213 

VIII saukuneSi qarTuli eklesia ùmecari~ iyo imiT, rom sruliad ar 

icoda aTormetTa mamaTa Rvawli, VI-VII saukuneebSi qarTul eklesiaze


jafariZe 

monofizitebisa da monoTelitebis batonobis dros, cxadia, isini Seecdebodnen 

mieCqmalaT qalkedonizmisaTvis mebrZol asurel mamaTa Rvawli, 

aekrZalaT maTi xseneba. amitomac VIII-IX saukuneebis avtorebi saeklesio 

pirebs acnoben asurel mamaTa Rvawls da mouwodeben: `nu umecar xarT~, 

`SeiswaveTo~. marTlac, VI-VII saukuneebSi qalkedonituri aRmsareblobisa 

da qarTuli eklesiis TavisTavadobisaTvis brZolis gamo asureli mamebis 

damsaxureba miCqmaluli iqneboda. 

unda iTqvas, rom CvenSi ratomRac Seuracxyofad miiReba qarTul eklesiaze 

monofizitTa zegavlenis Sesaxeb saubaric ki. amitomac aseTTaTvis 

cnobili unda iqnas, rom saukuneTa manZilze, maT Soris V, VI da VII 

saukuneebSic ki, monofizitoba bizantiis imperiasa da mis dedaqalaq konstantinopolSi 

TiTqmis iseve iyo miRebuli, rogorc qalkedonitoba. bizantiaSi 

am saukuneebSi monofizitTa da qalkedonitTa Soris daucxromeli 

brZola da dapirispireba iyo. aRsaniSnavia, rom am brZolaSi arc monofizitebi 

damarcxebulan da arc qalkedonitebs gaumarjviaT. amitomac, imperiis 

damSvidebis mizniT, bizantiis imperatorebi iZulebulni gaxdnen, V saukunis 

bolos wasuliyvnen kompromisze da gamoecaT `henotikoni~, romelic erTmaneTTan 

aTanxmebda monofizitebsa da qalkedonitebs. ase rom, aRiarebdnen 

orive sarwmunoebriv mimarTulebas. TviT imperatori iustiniane erT periodSi 

monofizitobisaken ixreboda da mas uWerda mxars. monofizitTa si- 

Zlieris gamo VII saukunis dasawyisisaTvis imperatorma heraklem monofizit- 

Ta da diofizitTa Tanaarsebobis Teoriac ki moifiqra. Camoyalibda `monoTelitoba~, 

romelmac saukunis bolomde iarseba. mxolod 681 wlis msoflio 

krebis Semdeg bizantiis imperiaSi sabolood damarcxdnen monofizitebi da 

monoTelitebi, gaimarjva qalkedonitobam. amas gadmogvcems cnobili istorikosi 

kartaSevi Tavis wignSi `msoflio krebebi~. marTalia, bizantiaSi Tanaarsebobdnen 

monofizitebi da qalkedonitebi da xandaxan eklesiisa da saxelmwifos 

marTvis sadaveebi xelT epyraT, magram mainc, cxadia, bizantia erTguli 

iyo, zogadi TvalsazrisiT, qalkedonis krebis anu diofizitobisa. 

aRniSnulis gamo, CvenSi arsebuli mtkiceba, rom arasodes, maT Soris arc 

VI da arc VII saukuneebSi, Cvens eklesiaze gavlena ar hqonia monofizitobasa 

da monoTelitobas, rom saqarTveloSi ar cxovrobdnen qarTveli monofizitebi 

da monoTelitebi, seriozuld ar unda CaiTvalos. CvenSi, ise rogorc 

bizantiaSi, Tanaarsebobdnen monofizitebi da qalkedonitebi, magram maT 

sxvadasxva mrwamsi hqondaT. amis gamo isini mudam ebrZodnen erTmaneTs. 

mxolod VIII saukunis Semdeg damarcxdnen saqarTveloSi monofizitebi da 

monoTelitebi, rasac xeli Seuwyo iman, rom msgavsi ambavi ufro adre, VI 

(681 wlis) msoflio krebis Semdeg daiwyo bizantiaSi. am krebis sapasuxod 

726 wels somxeTSi mowveulma krebam dagmo qalkedonitoba da miiRo monofizitoba. 

qarTulma eklesiam isargebla amiT da sabolood miemxro qalkedonitobas. 

VIII saukunis Semdeg qarTul eklesiaSi daiwyo qalkedonitobis 

zeimi da monofizitobis damarcxeba.


istoria 

557 

VIII saukunis Semdeg Tavisi Rirseuli adgili daiWires wmida ninom da 

wina saukuneebSi moRvawe qarTvelma qalkedonitma wmindanebma. 

aRsaniSnavia isic, rom orTodoqs qalkedonitTa mier wmida ninos Rvawli 

arc VI-VII saukuneebSi yofila mTlianad daviwyebuli. amis magaliTia am 

saukuneebSi Seqmnili `qebaA da didebaA qarTulisa enisaA~, sadac wmida 

nino da wmida elene, qarTvelTa da `rom-saberZneTis~ ganmanaTlebelni, 

erTad moixsenebian xazgasmiT maSin, roca monofizitebi erTad moixseniebdnen 

wmida ninosa da wmida grigols. 

termin `naTesaviT qarTvelis~ Sesaxeb 

cnebebis `naTesaviT qarTvelisa~ (e.i. erovnebiT qarTvelis, gvartomobiT 

qarTvelis) da `qarTvelis~ gagebisaTvis moviSvelioT Zveli qarTveli 

moRvaweebis, mwerlebisa da istorikosebis gansazRvrebani. 

gansakuTrebiT sainteresoa, rom `qarTlis cxovrebis~ mixedviT qarTveli 

da `naTesaviT qarTveli~ ewodeba saqarTvelos nebismieri kuTxis Svils. 

`qarTlis cxovrebis~ mixedviT egriseli, iseve rogorc hereTisa da 

kaxeTis mkvidri, naTesaviT qarTvelia. qarTvelTa saerTo erovnuli erToba, 

saerTo qarTveloba yovelTvis naTlad aris gadmocemuli nebismier Zvel 

TxzulebaSi. mag. ilarion qarTvelis cxovrebaSi naTqvamia: ìlarion iyo 

naTesaviT qarTveli, queyaniT kaxeTiT~, àRmoscenda ukue netari ese queyaniT 

qarTliT, sazRvarTagan da kerZoTa kaxeTisaTa~. 214 wmida ilarion qarTveli 

moRvaweobda 822-875 wlebSi; aqedan Cans, rom ilarioni kaxeTis mcxovrebia 

anu, dRevandeli terminologiiT, kaxelia. miuxedavad amisa, is `naTesaviT~ 

kaxeli ki ar aris (im dros ar iyo aseTi gansazRvra), aramed erovnebiT, anu 

`naTesaviT~ qarTvelia. 

aseve VIII saukunis dasawyisSi egrisis qveynis 

erT-erT `sanaxebSi~, argveTSi, mTavrebi 

arian daviTi da konstantine (es mTavrebi 

730 wels wmida mowamis gvirgviniT Seimknen). 

Tumca, isini egriselebi arian, maT mematiane 

ar uwodebs `naTesaviT megrels~, aramed uwodebs 

qarTvels. 

ìyvnes wmidani ese mowameni daviT da konstantine 

qarTvelni sanaxebisagan argveTisa 

didni da didebulni tomebiTa da mTavarni 

qveynisanni~. 215 

es rom kerZo gamonaklisi ar aris, Cans 

Semdegidan: `...IV saukunis cnobili moazrovnisa 

da mwerlis evagri pontoelis biograf-


jafariZe 

iaSi aRniSnulia, rom evagri warmoSobiT iyo pontoeli, iberTa qalaqis 

mcxovrebi. paladis Semdgom V saukunis istorikosebi aRniSnaven, rom evagri 

tomiT iberia~. 216 

tomiT iberi igive `naTesaviT qarTvelia~, Zveli qarTuli terminologiis 

mixedviT. pontoSi mcxovrebi lazebi da megrelebi erovnebiT, anu gvartomobiT 

`naTesaviT~ qarTvelebad _ ìberebad~ iTvlebodnen. 

ioane mTawmideli mesxi iyo, magram giorgi mTawmidels misi kuTxuri 

warmomavloba saerTod ar aRuniSnavs, is wers: ìoane iyo naTesaviT qarTveli~. 

ratom ar aRniSnaven mis mesxobas? anda ilarion qarTvelis kaxelobas? 

mizezi isaa, rom `mesxi~, rogorc tomobrivi erTeuli anda erovneba im 

dros ar arsebobda. arsebobda `mesxeTi~, `kaxeTi~, magram am kuTxeebis 

mkvidrni iseve rogorc sxva kuTxeebisa, `naTesaviT qarTvelni~ iyvnen. 

magaliTad, eqvTime aTonelis Sesaxeb naTqvamia, rom iverTa monasterSi 

`ganiTqva saxeli misi da pativsa uyofdes berZenni da qarTvelni~. aq 

`qarTvelSi~ igulisxmeba yvela kuTxis Svili saqarTvelosi. eqvTime `gamoCnda 

samkaulad `naTesavisa Cvenisa~. 

`naTesaviT qarTveli~ _ es termini Zvelad qarTveli eris tomebad 

dayofamde (XV saukunemde) aRniSnavda qarTvel ers. 

`naTesaviT qarTveli~ qarTuli eklesiis samwysoa. qarTlis kaTalikosi 

`naTesaviT qarTvelTa~ kaTalikosia, e.i. qarTlis kaTalikosi kaTalikosia 

ara marto aRmosavleT, aramed dasavleT saqarTvelos mosaxleobisac, radganac 

dasavleT saqarTvelos mosaxleobac `naTesaviT qarTvelia~. 

qarTlis kaTalikoss iuridiulad ZvelTaganve aRiarebuli kanonieri ufleba 

aqvs mTel qarTvel erze, amitomac afxazeTis kaTalikosi masze dabla 

mdgomi mamamTavaria, radganac dasavleT saqarTvelos samwyso `naTesaviT 

qarTvelTas~ Semadgeneli nawilia da masze Tavis iurisdiqcias qarTlis 

kaTalikosi afxazeTis sakaTalikosos warmoqmnamde axorcielebda, xolo 

misi warmoqmnis Semdgom iuridiulad is ùmrwemes~ kaTalikosad gaformda. 

`naTesaviT qarTveli~ _ saqarTvelos nebismieri kuTxis Svils erqva 

TviT vidre mongolobamde, anu saqarTvelos erTiani saxelmwifoebriobis 

moSlamde (aRsaniSnavia, rom saxelmwifo mTlianobis darRvevis Sedegad 

Temobrioba-tomobriobis aRmocenebis Semdgom wm. ilarions ukve `kaxels~ 

_ `kaxs~ uwodebdnen). 217 

ìberia~ _ eTnikuri Sinaarsis matarebeli termini 

afxazeTis samefos warmoqmnamde da zogjer mis Semdegac, evropelebi da 

ucxoelebi rogorc dasavleT, ise aRmosavleT saqarTvelos uwodebdnen 

iberias, xolo mis xalxs _ iberebs. 

cnobili istorikosi, mRvdeli miqel TamaraSvili, romelic brwyinvaled 

icnobda ucxour wyaroebs saqarTvelos Sesaxeb, wers: ùwin evropelebi ìbe-


istoria 

559 

ria~ da `georgia-~s saxeliT xSirad gulisxmobdnen mis dasavleT nawils _ 

imereT-samegrelosac~. 218 Zveli qarTuli mwerloba da wyaroebi sityvebs ìberiasa~ 

da ìbers~ ar iyenebdnen. es sityvebi araqarTul terminebad iyo 

miCneuli. amitomac qarTveli mTargmnelebi am sityvebs Targmnidnen ase (amas 

gansakuTrebuli mniSvneloba aqvs): ìberi~ _ `qarTvelia~ ìberia~ _ `qarTvelni~. 

Zvel qarTvel mTargmnelebs, sadac ki SexvedriaT sityvebi ìberi~ da 

ìberia~, yvelgan uTargmniaT `qarTvelad~, miuxedavad imisa, Seesabameboda 

Tu ara realur viTarebas aseTi Targmna. amis magaliTad SeiZleba moviyvanoT 

espaneTis iberiis Sesaxeb evropuli Txzulebebis ZvelqarTuli Targmanebi. 

aq yvelgan ìberi~ Targmnilia `qarTvelad~. 

ase: `...cnoba dasavleTis iberebis Sesaxeb moipoveba basili kesarielis 

(329-379) ...uZveles qarTul TargmanSi. igi Targmnilia VIII-IX saukuneebSi~. 219 

qarTvel mTargmnelebs qvemoT moyvanili winadadeba _ `Tavdapirvelad 

zRva ar arsebobda, arc is SemaZrwunebeli ufskruli iyo, romelic ekvris 

britaneTis kunZulsa da dasavleTis iberias (espaneTs)~, uTargmniaT aseTi 

saxiT: àra iyo zRuaA... arca SesaZrwunebeli igi siRrme,.. romeli igi gare 

moadges Walaksa mas britaniaAsasa da qarTvelTa maT dasavalisaTa~. 220 

rogorc vxedavT, aq `dasavleTis iberia~ Targmnilia _ `qarTvelTa maT 

dasavalisaTad~, anu ucxo sityva ìberia~ iTargmna ase _ `qarTvelni~. 

igive winadadebas giorgi mTawmideli Targmnis Semdegi saxiT: àra iyo... 

ufskruli, romeli gareSeicavs Walaksa da qarTvelTa maT dasavalisaTa~. 221 

eqvTime mTawmindelic `kelt-iberebs~ Targmnis _ `kelt-qarTvelni dasavalisanni~. 

`Zveli qarTveli mTargmnelebis mier espaneTis iberiis aRsaniSnavad 

SemoTavazebulia termini _ `qarTvelni dasavalisani... pirineis naxevarkun- 

Zulis iberielebi moxsenebulni arian terminiT `qarTvelni dasavalisani~ 

`liber generationis~-is qarTul versiaSic~. 222 

Tu VIII-IX saukuneebSi da XI saukunis dasawyisSic ìberia~ iTargmneba 

rogorc `qarTvelni~, XI saukunis Semdgom ukve ìberiis~ aRsaniSnavad sxva 

terminia gamoZebnili. 

amJamad miRebulia, rom `berZnebTan ìberiad~ cnobil qveyanas adgilobriv 

_ `qarTli~ saxeli daumkvidrda~. 223 

ismis kiTxva da am kiTxvis pasuxi arsebiTia _ VIII-X saukuneebSi ìberia~ 

ratom iTargmneba rogorc `qarTvelni~ da ara `qarTli~? 

pasuxi aseTia _ VIII saukuneSi `qarTli~ daiSala da warmoiqmna àfxaze- 

Ti~, `qarTli~ (e.i. tao-klarjeTi Sida qarTlTan erTad) da `kaxeT-hereTi~. 

magram samive am provinciis mcxovrebni iyvnen `naTesaviT qarTvelni~. er- 

Tad aRebul am provinciebs (e.i. aRmosavleT da dasavleT saqarTvelos 

erTad) VIII saukunis Sua wlebamde Seesabameboda termini `qarTli~, anu 

ìberia~, VIII saukunidan ki saerTo erTian qveyanas `qarTli~ ukve aRar


jafariZe 

ewodeba _ Zveli qarTlis samefos teritoriaze sami erTmaneTisagan 

damoukidebeli politikuri erTeulis warmoqmnis gamo, romelTagan erTerT 

provincias SerCa Zveli saxeli, yofili erTiani samefoAsa _ `qarTli~. 

VIII-X saukuneTa qarTvelma mTargmnelebma kargad icodnen, rom ucxouri 

termini ìberia~ Seesabameboda ara marto aRmosavleT saqarTvelos, aramed 

aRmosavleT-dasavleT saqarTvelos erTad aRebuls _ Zvel qarTlis samefos. 

amitomac, VIII-X saukuneTa mTargmnelebi termin ìberiis~ Targmnisas 

vardebian Zalze uxerxul mdgomareobaSi. Tu isini ìberias~ Targmnian 

rogorc `qarTls~, maTi Targmani arazusti da araswori iqneba, radganac 

VIII-X saukuneebSi ìberia~ da `qarTli~ ukve aRar udris erTmaneTs, ekvivalenturi 

aRar aris, radganac ucxouri termini ìberia~ kvlav Zveleburadve 

ewodeba aRmosavleT-dasavleT saqarTvelos erTad, xolo `qarTli~ 

am saukuneebSi ukve mxolod aRmosavleT saqarTvelos erT nawils 

ewodeba. amitomac mTargmnelebi termin ìberias~ ar Targmnian rogorc 

`qarTls~, maT termin ìberias~ sxva ekvivalenti gamouZebnes. marTlacda 

ra saxeli unda darqmeoda aRmosavleT da dasavleT saqarTvelos erTad 

aRebuls? mecnierebi aRniSnaven, rom `saqarTvelo~ am erTobis aRsaniSnavad 

jer kidev ar iyo gamoZebnili (igi ixmareba XI s-dan). am terminis gamoZebnamde 

ki aRmosavleT-dasavleT saqarTvelos mTlianobis aRmniSvneli Zveli 

terminis, `qarTlis~ gacveTis gamo, am krebiTobis, erTianobis aRmniSvneli 

sityvis magier VIII-XI saukuneTa mwerlebi xmaroben sityvebs _ àRmosavleTi~ 

da `CrdiloeTi~. 

Tuki VIII-X saukuneTa mTargmnelebi `dasavleTis iberiis~ Targmnisas 

sityva ìberiis~ nacvlad gamoiyenebdnen axladmoZebnil termins àRmosavleTs~, 

es mxolod gaugebrobas gamoiwvevda. mTargmnelebma airCies sxva 

gza. maT geografiuli Sinaarsis termin ìberias~ gamouZebnes eTnikuri 

Sinaarsis matarebeli ekvivalenti _ `qarTvelni~. es xerxi mTargmnelebma 

gamoiyenes Segnebulad da daamkvidres kidec saukuneTa manZilze, radganac 

darwmunebulni iyvnen, rom termini ìberia~ matarebeli iyo rogorc geografiuli, 

ise eTnikuri Sinaarsisac. svidas leqsikonSi aRniSnulia: ìberebi _ 

tomis saxelia da iberia _ qveyanaa. aris sxva iberiac, dasavleTisa...~ 

ucxo sityva ìberia~ VIII-X saukuneebSi gadaiTargmna rogorc `qarTvelni~. 

ìberia~ ewodeboda aRmosavleT-dasavleT saqarTvelos erTad, aseve 

`qarTvelni~ mosaxleobdnen im dros rogorc aRmosavleT, aseve dasavleT 

saqarTveloSi. uZvelesi droidanve, Zveli qarTlis samefos (farnavazis 

samefos) Seqmnis Semdgom, dasavleT saqarTvelos mosaxleobas iseve ewodeba 

qarTvelni, rogorc aRmosavleT saqarTvelos mosaxleobas. VIII saukunis 

Sua wlebidan vidre X saukunis dasasrulamde, e.i Zveli qarTlis samefos 

oficialuri gauqmebidan vidre saqarTvelos gaerTianebamde, miuxedavad 

imisa, rom qveyanaSi sxvadasxva politikuri erTeulebi arsebobda, aRmosav-


istoria 

561 

leT da dasavleT saqarTvelos nebismier kuTxeSi mcxovreb mkvidr mosaxleobas 

qarTveli xalxi warmoadgenda. am mizezis gamo termini ìberia~ 

gadaiTargmna, rogorc `qarTvelni~. cxadia, VIII-X saukuneebSi aRmosavleTdasavleT 

saqarTvelos erTad `qarTli~ rom rqmeoda, ìberias~ Targmnidnen 

rogorc `qarTls~, magram im dros `qarTli~ ewodeboda aRmosavleT 

saqarTvelos erT nawils, amitom ìberia~ iTargmna rogorc `qarTvelni~, 

radganac qarTvelebiT dasaxlebuli iyo rogorc aRmosavleTi, aseve dasavleTi 

saqarTvelo da `qarTvelni~ ufro zusti ekvivalenti iyo ìberiisa~, 

vidre `qarTli~ (VIII-X saukuneebSi). 

Zvel saqarTveloSi terminebs ìberiasa~ da ìbers~ aniWebdnen eTnikur 

Sinaarss da miiCnevdnen `naTesaviT qarTvlis~ fard sityvad. amis magali- 

Tad SeiZleba moviyvanoT eqvTime mTawmidelis ambavi. man miiRo gadawyvetileba, 

gamgzavrebuliyo espaneTSi, imis gamo, rom TiTqosda espaneTi 

dasaxlebuli iyo qarTveli xalxiT. am Secdomis mizezi imaSi mdgomareobda, 

rom is termin ìberiaSi~ eTnikur Sinaarss sdebda. amitom pirineis 

naxevarkunZulis iberebs man, ise rogorc sxva Zvelma mTargmnelebma, uwoda 

`qarTvelni dasavalisani~. 

aqedanac Cans, rom ìberias~ hqonda eTnikuri Sinaarsi rogorc am epoqa- 

Si, aseve antikur xanaSi. antikur xanaSi ìberias~ Seesabameboda termini 

`qarTli~, xolo VIII-X saukuneebSi (SesaZloa VI-X saukuneebSi) Seesabameboda 

termini `qarTvelni~.


jafariZe 

Tavi VIII 

qarTuli eklesia XI saukuneSi 

`Tu visme samarTlianad eTqmis, rom 

TviT daiwvnen da sxvas ki gza gaunaTeso, 

es Cvens mama-papas eTqmis da madlobelni 

Svilni lmobierebiT pir-qve unda davemxoT 

maT saflavTa winaSe da vugaloboT 

dideba didebulTa da qeba qebulTa~. 


marTali marTali


istoria 

saqarTvelos sapatriarqos daarsebis politikuri 

safuZveli XI saukuneSi 

563 

978 wels mefe bagrat III-is dros aRsdga iberiis, anu `qarTlis samefo~. 

saqarTvelo gaerTianda. 1 amjeradac, iseve rogorc vaxtang gorgaslis dros, 

saqarTvelos saxelmwifoSi Sedis aRmosavleTi, dasavleTi da samxreTi 

saqarTvelo. 2 1010 wels bagrat III-m Tavis samefos kaxeT-hereTic Semouer- 

Ta, 3 amiT restavrirebul iqna farnavaz mefis mier daarsebuli farnavazian-xosroianTa 

iberiis saxelmwifo. saqarTvelos erTian saxelmwifod 

aRdgena ganapiroba qarTveli eris Sinaganma mondomebam, arabTa dasustebis 

Semdeg, IX-X saukuneebSi, gansakuTrebulad gazrdilma erovnulma TviTSegnebam. 

Tumca unda iTqvas, rom vaxtang gorgaslis Semdeg, VI-X saukuneebSi, 

imdenad didi iyo `qarTlis samefos~ aRdgena-restavraciis survili, rom 

VIII saukunemde qarTuli sazogadoebrivi azri ar cnobda erTiani `qarTuli 

samefos~ daSlas da `qarTli~ kvlav erTian qveynad esaxeboda Savi 

zRvidan bardavamde. VIII saukunis Semdgom, marTalia, Seiqmna àfxazTa~, 

`tao-klarjeTis~, `kaxeT-hereTis~ samefoebi, magram TiToeuli es qarTuli 

saxelmwifoebrivi erTeuli cdilobda gaeerTianebina saqarTvelo da aRedgina 

iberiis Zveli samefo. 

`VIII saukunidan saqarTvelos teritoriaze Camoyalibda ramdenime politikuri 

erTeuli: egris-afxazeTis samefo, qarTvelTa sakurapalato, kaxeTis 

saepiskoposo, hereTis samTavro da Tbilisis saamiro... egris-afxazeTis 

samefos ukiduresi zRvari Crdilo-dasavleTiT iyo mdinare da qalaqi 

nikofsia. konstantine porfirogenetis cnobiT, afxazeTsa da jiqeTs Soris 

sazRvari md. nikofsiaze gadioda. mdinare nikofsia Tanamedrove niCepsuxoa, 

romelic q. tuafses midamoebSi erTvis Sav zRvas. qalaqi nikofsia ki 

afxazeTSi mdebareobda. XI saukunis mwerlis, giorgi mciris TqmiT, èrTi... 

mociqulTagani _ simons vityvi kananelsa _ queyanasa Cuensa damarxul ars, 

afxazeTs, romelsa nikofsi ewodebis~. aRmosavleTi sazRvari afxazTa samefosi 

md. klisura (Tanamedrove kelasuri) iyo... TandaTanobiT xdeba afxazeTis 

politikuri sazRvrebis gafarToeba aRmosavleTiT: leon afxazTa 

mefeman `daipyro afxazeTi da egrisi vidre lixamde~. 4 

afxazeTis samefos warmoqmnas Sedegad mohyva am samefoSi avtokefaluri 

eklesiis daarseba àfxazeTis sakaTalikosos~ saxelwodebiT. mas avtokefalia 

750-ian wlebSi mianiWa antioqiis sapatriarqom, efrem mciris mier 

gamoyenebuli àntioqiuri qronografis~ da agreTve ucxour wyaroTa Tanaxmad. 

am eklesias `qvemo iberiis~ eklesia erqva, radganac iberiis erTiani samefos 

arsebobis dros dasavleT saqarTvelo am samefos nawils Seadgenda. 

am eklesiis damoukidebloba, qarTul wyaroTa Tanaxmad, 830 wels cno 

`zemo iberiis~, anu `tao-klarjeTis~ samefom.


jafariZe 

`X saukuneSi tao-klarjeTi erT-erTi uZlieresi iyo saqarTvelos samefo-samTavroTa 

Soris. am saukunis pirvel naxevarSi misi sazRvari md. 

araqsis zemo xeobamde aRwevda. tao-klarjeTi kidev ufro gaZlierda da 

ufro Sors gadaiWima misi sazRvrebi X saukunis meore naxevarSi daviT 

didi kurapalatis dros... 80-ian wlebSi daviTma daipyro qalaqi manazkerti 

_ vanis tbis Crdilo-aRmosavleTiT. 997 wels man alya Semoartya 

cnobil savaWro qalaq xlaTs _ vanis tbis napirze... amrigad, X saukunis 

meore naxevarSi tao-klarjeTis samefo moicavda vrcel miwa-wyals, romlis 

samxreTi sazRvari aRwevda vanis tbasa da qalaq erzinkanamde (axlandeli 

erzinjani). amave dros daviTi Tavis gavlenas avrcelebda CrdiloeTiTac, 

saqarTvelos sxva samefo-samTavroebze. daviT didma kurapalatma 

isargebla afxazeTis Sinagani aSlilobiT da Tavisi Svilobili bagrati, 

saqarTvelos istoriaSi bagrat III-is saxeliT cnobili, pirvelad qarTlSi 

975 wels, xolo 3 wlis Semdeg afxazeTSi mefed dasva. am saqmeSi daviTs 

energiulad TanamSromlobda qarTlis erisTavi ioane maruSis Ze~. 5 

iahia antioqielis cnobiT, zemo iberis kaTalikoss gavlena da ndoba 

hqonda bizantiis samefo karze. es iqidan Cans, rom daviT kurapalats 

basili II-sTan `qarTvelTa kaTalikosi~ gaugzavnia molaparakebisaTvis, xolo 

mefe giorgi I-is dros basili II-sTan sazavo molaparakebisaTvis midian 

sasuliero meTaurebi _ kaTalikosi da episkoposebi. 6 

daviT mefemo, _ wers iahia antioqieli, _ `qarTvelTa kaTalikosi saxelmwifos 

sxva mraval didebulTan erTad mefis karze gagzavna. mefem (basili 

II-m) maT titulebi Camouriga, mowyaleba uyo da isini daviTTan dabrundnen~. 7 

`saqarTvelos teritoriis aRmosavleT nawilSi ori politikuri erTeuli 

Camoyalibda: kaxeTis saqorepiskoposo da hereTis samefo... X saukunis meore 

naxevarSi kaxeTi da hereTi gaerTiandnen. es gaerTianeba vrceldeboda aragvidan 

mdinare axsumde (axsu mtkvris marjvena Senakadia da erTvis mtkvars daaxloebiT 

iq, sadac marjvena mxridan araqsi uerTdeba, q. sabirabadis midamoeb- 

Si). kaxeT-hereTi 1010 wlis axlo xanebSi bagrat III-m SeuerTa saqarTvelos~. 8 

bagrat III-is saxelmwifo gadaWimuli iyo nikofsiidan mtkvar-araqsis SesarTavamde 

aRmosavleTiT, xolo samxreTiT vanis tbamde. marTalia, daviT kurapalatis 

sikvdilis Semdeg misi samefos vanistbispira miwebi basili II-m miuerTa 

bizantias, magram es miwebi mainc sadavo teritoriebi iyo bizantiasaqarTvelos 

Soris, ramac giorgi I-is dros gansakuTrebiT iCina Tavi. 

`qarTlis cxovrebisa~ da bagrationTa XI saukunis mematianis, sumbat 

daviTis Zis Tanaxmad, bagrat III-is samefoSi Sedioda mTliani kavkasia Savi 

zRvidan kaspiis zRvamde. bizantiis imperatorebs axladSeqmnili uzarmazari 

qarTuli saxelmwifosi eSinodaTo, _ wers is. 

bagrat III-m `...daipyra yoveli kavkasia TYTmpyrobelobiTa jiqeTiTgan 

vidre gurgenadmde. xolo adarbadagani da Sarvani moxarke yo, somxiTsa


istoria 

565 

xelmwifebiTa nebierad ganagebda. mefe sparsTa TYs megobrad da erTgul 

yo sibrZniTa da ZlierebiTa TYsiTa ufros saxleulTa TYsTasa da berZenT 

mefesaca SiSi aqunda amisi yoveladve~. 9 

vaxtang gorgaslis msgavsad, bagrat III-m savsebiT gaaerTiana zemo da 

qvemo iberia, amitomac is, mematianeTa Tanaxmad, Tavisi didebiT, ZaliT da 

gonebiT qarTvel mefeTa Soris erTaderTi iyo msgavsi vaxtang gorgaslisa 

(igulisxmeba VI saukunidan XI saukunemde): `...Semdgomad didisa mefisa 

vaxtang gorgaslisa aravin gamoCenil ars sxua msgavsi misi didebiTa da 

ZaliTa, da yovliTa gonebiTa...~ 10 

quTaisis taZris kurTxevis droso, _ wers mematiane, _ bagrat III-m Sekriba 

`yovelni didebulni zemoni da quemoni, mamulisa da samefosa misisa myofnio~. 11 

mkvlevar-istorikosebis v. donduasa da g. wulaias Tanaxmad, `qvemo mamulSi~ 

da `zemo mamulSi~ igulisxmeba cal-calke dasavleTi da aRmosavleTi 

saqarTvelo. `dasavleT saqarTvelos (afxazeTis) samefo Tavisi 

geografiuli pirobebiT warmoadgenda `qvemos~ `zemosTan~ _ aRmosavleT 

qarTul qveyanasTan `SefardebiT~. 12 

`qvemo~ da `zemo~ iberiis gaerTianebas erTiani `saqarTvelos samefos~ 

sazRvrebSi, saeklesio kanonebis Tanaxmad, Tan unda mohyoloda `qvemo iberiis~ 

(anu afxazeTis) sakaTalikososa da `zemo iberiis~ (anu mcxeTis) sakaTalikosos 

gaerTianeba saqarTvelos erTian eklesiad, radganac ZvelTaganve 

arsebula da msoflio krebaTa dadgenili kanonebiT eklesiis sazRvari 

Tan unda emTxveodes saxelmwifo-administraciul sazRvars. 

marTlac, erTian saqarTvelos samefoSi Seiqmna erTiani saqarTvelos 

sapatriarqo. saqarTvelos saxelmwifos sazRvrebs SigniT arsebuli ori 

sakaTalikososagan Seiqmna erTi sapatriarqo. qarTveli eris ori avtokefaluri 

eklesiisagan da agreTve Crdilo kavkasiis, kaspiiszRvispireTisa 

da somxeTis qarTuli marTlmadidebluri eklesiebis gaerTianebis Sedegad 

Seiqmna saqarTvelos sapatriarqo. SeqmnisTanave mis pirvel patriarqs 

melqisedek I-s àRmosavleTis patriarqi~ uwodes mis iurisdiqciisqveSa 

teritoriis sididis gamo. ase moixseniebs mas tyoba-ierdis warwera. 13 

`patriarqis tituli mcxeTis sakaTalikosom mas Semdeg daimkvidra, rac 

saqarTvelos eklesia gafarTovda da SeiZina berZnuli sapatriarqos garegnuli 

niSnebi da, rogorc Cans, es ar iyo ucxo da sapretenzio arc 

bizantiis imperatorebisa da patriarqebisaTvis. melqisedek I, romelmac 

pirvelma isargebla am wodebiT, bizantiaSi imperatorebis karze: basilTan 

(970-1025), konstantinesTan (1025-28) da romanozTan (1028-34) miRebuli da 

dafasebuli pirovneba iyo, maTganve melqisedekma miiRo materialuri daxmareba 

da Sewirulebani mcxeTis sveticxovlis mSeneblobisaTvis, miiRo 

soflebi bizantiis teritoriaze da sxva~. 14 

amJamad miCneulia, rom saqarTvelos pirveli kaTalikos-patriarqi gamoCnda 

mefe giorgi I-is dros, wyaroTa Tanaxmad, pirveli patriarqi erTiani qarTu-


jafariZe 

li eklesiisa, melqisedek I, iyo bagrat III-is naTesavi da misive gazrdili. 

is iyo didebulTa Svili. kaTalikos svimeonis gardacvalebis Semdeg bagrat 

III-m melqisedeki dasva saqarTvelos patriarqad. saqarTvelos patriarqad 

dadgomisTanave melqisedeki maSinve gaemgzavra konstantinopolSi saimperatoro 

karze basili II-sTan, Cans, imisaTvis, rom konstantinopols ecno 

qarTuli eklesiis sapatriarqo Rirseba. 

mematiane wers: `mokuda kaTalikozi sYmon da dasua aman mefeman didebulTa 

kacTa Svili meyvisi da gazrdili TYsi melqisedek kaTalikozpatriarqad. 

xolo ese wmidaA mefeH warvida berZenTa mefisa basilis 

winaSe konstantinopoled, raTa Seewios; rameTu iyo didi ese kaTolike 

samociqulo eklesia sveti-cxoveli, romeli vaxtang gorgasals aReSena...~ 15 

am wyaros miTiTebiT, konstantinopolSi molaparakebisaTvis TviT saqarTvelos 

pirveli mefe (VIII saukunis Semdeg) bagrat III Cavida. 16 basili II da 

bagrat III (an misi warmomadgeneli), cxadia, pirvel rigSi politikursaxelmwifoebriv 

sakiTxebze moilaparakebdnen, magram mematiane aRniSnavs, 

rom molaparakebis Tema exeboda qarTuli eklesiis sakiTxebs. kerZod, 

sakiTxi exeboda `kaTolike samociqulo eklesia sveticxovels~. qarTuli 

wyaroebis Tanaxmad, `kaTolike samociqulo eklesia sveticxoveli~ ewodeboda 

ara saeklesio Senobas mcxeTaSi (cxadia, am Senobasac ewodeboda), aramed 

ewodeboda saqarTvelos mTlian eklesias, romlis iurisdiqcia vrceldeboda 

pontos zRvidan darubandis zRvamde. swored asea gadmocemuli wyaroSi: 

`kaTalikosi qarTlisa KelqveiT ara ars patriarqTa da ara ikurTxvian 

patriarqTagan, rameTu Tavisufali ars da mociqulTa magieri da mociqulTa 

taxtsa zeda mjdomi da patriarqi, Tavi yovelTa eklesiaTa: _ wmida kaTolike 

samociqulo eklesia sveticxoveli... da amas samwyso da KelqveiT 

qarTli, rani da kaxeTi, ovseTi... pontos zRYdam darubandis zRvamde~. 17 

zemoT moyvanilidan Cans, rom `wmida kaTolike samociqulo eklesia 

sveti-cxoveli~ ewodeba erTiani saqarTvelos eklesias, erTian qarTul 

eklesias aseve ewodeboda `wmida mcxeTa~, iseve rogorc amJamad erTiani 

bulgareTis eklesias ewodeba `sofiis sapatriarqo~, an `sofiis eklesia~, 

ruseTisas _ `moskovis sapatriarqo~, serbeTisas _ `belgradis~ da a.S. 

aseve saqarTvelos eklesias ewodeboda `sveticxovelis samociqulo eklesia~ 

anda ufro xSirad `mcxeTis samociqulo eklesia~. xandaxan qarTul 

eklesias simartivisaTvis, ubralod, uwodebdnen `mcxeTas~, xolo saeklesio 

pirebs da eklesiisaTvis moRvawe, eklesiaze damokidebul adamianebs _ 

`mcxeTis Svilebs~. magaliTad, mematiane `mcxeTas~ uwodebs erTian qarTul 

eklesias VII saukuneSi: àmis krebisa mier brZanes esreT wmidisa eklesiisa 

saqarTvelosaTYs, romel ars wmida mcxeTa, raTa iyos swor pativiTa 

viTarca wmidani samociqulo kaTolike eklesiani, sapatriarqoni da iyos 

kaTalikosi qarTlisa swori patriarqTa Tana...~ 18


istoria 

567 

amitomac, roca mematiane wers bagrat III (an misi warmomadgeneli melqisedeki) 

konstantinopolSi gaemgzavra `sveticxovelis kaTolike samociqulo 

eklesiis sakiTxebis gadasaWrelado~, gulisxmobs, rom sakiTxi mTlian 

saqarTvelos sapatriarqos Seexeboda. 19 

im dros samociqulo eklesia ewodeboda ara yvela eklesias, aramed 

avtokefalur, damoukidebel eklesias. qarTveli saeklesio moRvaweni mudam 

amtkicebdnen, rom qarTuli eklesia samociqulo eklesiaa, radganac aq iqadages 

andria pirvelwodebulma, svimon kananelma da sxva mociqulebma. da 

radganac qarTuli eklesia samociquloa, aqedan gamomdinare, avtokefaluric 

aris. es avtokefalia adreve iyo aRiarebuli sxva eklesiebis mier. 

bagrat III bizantiis samefo karze àvtokefalurobis~ dasamtkiceblad 

ki ar wavida (es avtokefalia ukve hqonda qarTul eklesias), aramed, raTa 

saimperatoro kars eRiarebina qarTuli eklesiis erT administraciul 

erTeulad _ sapatriarqod gaerTianeba da eRiarebina pirveli patriarqi 

qarTuli eklesiisa _ melqisedek I. 

bagrat III-m jer `patriarqad dasva~ melqisedek I, xolo Semdeg mimarTa 

konstantinopols, eRiarebina qarTuli eklesiis sapatriarqo Rirseba, radganac 

aseT didmniSvnelovan movlenas _ axali sapatriarqos daarsebas _ 

ar SeiZleboda ar mohyoloda saerTaSoriso saeklesio rezonansi, bagratma 

izruna, rom rezonansi dadebiTi yofiliyo. 

bagrat III bizantiis samefo karze molaparakebas saqarTvelos sapatriarqos 

iurisdiqciis farglebis gansazRvrisaTvisac awarmoebda, rac iqidan 

Cans, rom am dromde saqarTvelos SavizRvispireTis mcire nawilze jer 

kidev SemorCenili iyo konstantinopolis sapatriarqos iurisdiqcia, xolo 

X-XI saukuneTa mijnaze konstantinopolis sapatriarqo kargavs Tavis iurisdiqcias 

sabolood saqarTvelos SavizRvispireTze (cnobilia, rom SavizRvispireTis 

es teritoriebi, romelzedac iurisdiqcia qarTlis sakaTalikosos 

hqonda, VII saukunis dasawyisSi dai pyro da bizantias SeuerTa herakle 

keisarma, amitomac aq Tavisi iurisdiqcia konstantinopolma ganaxorciela. 

VIII saukunis Semdeg qvemo iberiis sakaTalikoso ibrunebda am 

miwebs Tavis iurisdiqciaSi, magram X saukunisaTvis es procesi dasrulebuli 

ar iyo _ bagrat III-is epoqamde). 

bagrat III-is papam (dedis mamam), afxazTa mefe giorgim, àRaSena saydari 

Wyondidisa, Seqmna saepiskoposod~, 20 xolo dedis Zmam `leon afxazTa mefem, 

àRaSena eklesia moqYsa da Seqmna saydrad saepiskoposod~. 21 TviT bagrat 

III-m àRaSena saydari bediisa, da Seqmna saydrad saepiskoposod, mocvala 

mun gudayYisa saepiskoposo~. 22 afxazTa mefeebi dasavleT saqarTvelos zRvispireTSi 

aarsebdnen qarTul saepiskoposoebs konstantinopolis berZnuli 

saepiskoposoebis nacvlad. magram aseTi Secvla ar SeiZleba momxdariyo 

eklesiaTa SeTanxmebis gareSe. konstantinopolis nacvlad qarTuli ek-


jafariZe 

lesiis iurisdiqciis gavrcelebisas unda arsebuliyo SeTanxmeba am eklesiaTa 

Soris. winaaRmdeg SemTxvevaSi, qarTuli saepiskoposoebis daarseba 

konstantinopolis iurisdiqciisqveSa teritoriaze CaiTvleboda qarTuli 

eklesiis mtaceblobad, rasac Sedegad mohyveboda qarTuli eklesiis mxriv 

saerTaSoriso saeklesio izolacia da misi mwvaleblur eklesiad gamocxadeba 

(aseTi ram, marTlac, moxda, magram ara bagrat III-is, aramed giorgi Isa 

da bagrat IV-is dros. erT-erTi sababi amisi iyo qarTuli eklesiis 

iurisdiqciis qveS somxeTis vrcel teritoriaze arsebuli marTlmadidebeli 

eparqiebis Sesvla, romelzedac konstantinopoli acxadebda Tavis 

pretenzias). 

bagrat III-is dros saimperatoro kars ucvnia, rogorc qarTuli eklesiis 

sapatriarqo Rirseba, aseve misi iurisdiqcia SavizRvispireTSi, amitom amis 

Semdeg konstantinopolis sapatriarqos arasodes gauxdia sadavod saqarTvelos 

SavizRvispireTi da ar CauTvlia Tavis iurisdiqciisqveSa teritoriad, 

ufro metic, konstantinopols saqarTvelos sapatriarqos centris _ 

sveticxovelis taZris restavraciisaTvis Seuwiravs mdidari monasteri 

da 105 sofeli. 

unda davaskvnaT, rom saqarTvelos sapatriarqos SeqmnisTanave bizantiis 

samefo karze irkvevdnen saqarTvelos sapatriarqos sakiTxs da es sakiTxi 

konstantinopolSi dadebiTad gadauWriaT. bizantias rom ar ecno saqarTvelos 

eklesiis sapatriarqo Rirseba, sapatriarqos centrs _ sveticxovels 

da saqarTvelos patriarq melqisedeks saCuqrad ar gadascemdnen monaster 

kestorias, romelsac 105 sofeli hqonda, da sxva Sesawirs. 23 

1031-1033 ww. saqarTvelos pirvel kaTalikos-patriarqs melqisedeks dauweria 

`moxsenebuli mcxeTis saydrisadmi~ (ix. qarTuli istoriuli sabuTebi 

IX-XIII ss. 1984 w., gv. 22). 

am sabuTidan Cans, rom igi ar miiCnevs Tavs sveticxovlis didebuli 

taZris maSeneblad, aramed am taZrisTvis miuSenebia gareTa bWeni, garSemo 

Semouvlia (SemouSenebia) `stoani~ da gadauxuravs isini. garda amisa, mas 

mTeli taZari Seumkia yovelive saeklesio nivTiTa da samkauliT: `Sevamkev 

yovliTave samkaulobiTa, gareTiTa bWiTa da garSemo stoaTa moqmniTa da 

zeddaburviTa~ (iqve, gv. 22). melqisedeks rom aeSenebina es taZari, amas 

uTuod aRniSnavda, rameTi igi CamoTvlis wignebsa da zogierT wvrilmans, 

rac mas am taZrisaTvis Seuwiravs an gaukeTebia. marTalia, amJamad miCneulia, 

rom melqisedekis dros TiTqosda sveticxovlis Zveli, mcire taZris 

adgilze aSenda axali da didebuli, magram, rogorc aRvniSneT, es melqisedekis 

sabuTiT ar dasturdeba. ufro metic, yvela Zveli sabuTi, romelic 

exeba mcxeTis taZars, miiCnevs, rom igi aSenebulia vaxtang gorgaslis 

mier, mxolod XIX s-is bolosa da XX s-Si Seitanes amaSi eWvi da taZari 

melqisedekis aSenebulad miiCnies.


istoria 

569 

melqisedeks sveticxoveli marTlac rom brwyinvaled 

da didis didebulebiT Seumkia `warsamarTleblad 

qristianeTa~, kerZod, oqrosa da vercxlis furclebiT 

mouWedia taZarSi myofi `sveticxoveli~, anu 

saswaulmoqmedi gadaWrili xis adgilze aSenebuli 

oTxkuTxa sveti. garda amisa, oqro-vercxliTa da TvalmargalitiT 

SeuWedia `sakurTxeveli~, anu saRmrTo trapezi, 

kankeli da sameufo karebi sakurTxevlisa aseve 

oqro-vercxliT SeuWedia. 

ierusalimidan mTels msoflioSi ganawilda im 

cxovelmyofeli Zelis nawilebi, romelzec jvars 

acves Cveni ufali da macxovari ieso qriste. maTgan 

akeTebdnen SedarebiT mcire zomis jvrebs, romelnic 

iTvlebodnen udides siwmindeebad. maTi qoneba did 

ganZad iTvleboda. melqisedeks sveticxovlisaTvis `Seuqmnia~ aseTi jvrebi, 

SeuWedavs isini oqroTi da Tval-margalitiT. 

aseve, eklesiis udides ganZad iTvleboda qristesTvis wamebuli da Tavdadebuli 

wmidanebis nawilebi. maT didi makurnebeli da saswaulmoqmedi Zala 

gaaCndaT. rogorc wesi, romelime wmidanis romelime nawils udidesi ostatobiT 

moWedavdnen da eklesiaSi daasvenebdnen xolme. melqisedeksac sveticxovlisaTvis 

`Seuqmnia~ samartvilo, anu wmida nawilebis dasasvenebeli 

adgili (mec minaxavs msgavsi samartvilo aTonze iverTa monastris mTavar 

eklesiaSi). melqisedeks `samartvilo~ oqro-vercxliTa da Tval-margalitiT 

SeuWedavs, masSi dausvenebia TiTqmis yvela wmidanis nawilebi da zemoaRwerili 

`Zeli cxovrebisaA~, e.i. ierusalimidan Camosvenebuli jvris nawili. 

rogorc aRiniSna, melqisedek kaTalikos-patriarqi aTeulobiT wlebis ganmavlobaSi 

mravaljer Cavida saimperatoro karze konstantinopolSi, sadac 

mas didis didebiTa da pativiscemiT iRebdnen basili II bulgarTmmusvreli, 

konstantine da romanozi Cuqnidnen mas mraval saeklesio siwmindes. magaliTad, 

imperator konstantines misTvis uboZebia òqros xati~, romelic patriarqma 

sveticxovels Seswira. basili II-s oqro-vercxliTa da Tval-margalitiT 

Semkuli RvTismSoblis xati, xolo romanoz `berZenTa mefes~ misTvis 

oqroqsovili Sesamoseli uboZebia, isinic Seswira sveticxovels. Tavis mxriv, 

cxadia, Cveni eklesiis pirvel patriarqs gaerTianebuli saqarTvelos pirveli 

mefe bagrat III mraval Sesawirs swiravda, aTavisuflebda qarTul eklesias 

gadasaxadebisagan. `movaxsene gamzrdelsa Cemsa bagrat kurapalats da 

Seuvalad gamixadnes~ (iqve, gv. 27), _ acxadebs melqisedeki. 

aRniSnuli sabuTis Tanaxmad, sveticxovlisaTvis melqisedeks Seuwiravs 

mooqrouli da Zvirfasi TvlebiT Semkobili macxovris didi zomis xati, 

aseve vercxlis, oqrocurvili macxovris xati, naTlismcemlisa da wm. Tev-


jafariZe 

dores xatebi, oqro-vercxliT SeWedilni, sxva xatebi, sul 55 cali. oqrosagan 

damzadebuli barZim-feSxumi Semkobili Tval-margalitiTa da minanqris 

xatebiT, oqrosave kovziTa da varskvlaviT (`xuirni~), isinic TvalmargalitiT 

Semkulni, oqrosave samweroblebi, anu ripidebi, isinic TvalmargalitiT 

Semkulni, oqrosave sacecxlurebi da sasakmevleebi da sxva 

mravali nivTi. wignebi: oTxive maxareblis wignebi cal-calke, maT garda, wm. 

oTxTavi, sami cali `saTanao~, anu satarebeli òTxTavi saxarebaA~, TvalmargalitiT 

Semkobili. vercxliT `Sekazmuli~ vercxlisave `Rilkiloiani~, 

mowameTa wignebi `zamTari da zafxuli~, anu zogSi zafxulis dReebSi 

eklesiaSi moxseniebuli wmidanis cxovreba iqneboda, sxvebSi ki zamTarSi 

mosaxsenebelTa cxovreba. isinic vercxliT `Sekazmulni~ da mravali sxva 

wigni, sul 25 cali. Seuwiravs agreTve mooqroul-movercxlili `sawigneni~, 

e.i. wignebis Casawyobi kolofebi. maT garda, mravali sakelaptre, samRvdelo 

da samRvdelmTavro Sesamoseli, sanawile da sxva mravali nivTi. saqarTvelos 

sapatriarqos, anu qarTul eklesias mravali sofeli ekuTvnoda saqarTvelos 

sxvadasxva kuTxeSi. maT garda, TviTon kaTalikos-patriarqs, Tavis 

mxriv, `mougia~ mravali sofeli, romelic Seuwiravs mTavari sapatriarqo 

taZrisaTvis, kerZod, rogorc aRvniSneT, misTvis berZenTa mefe basili II-s 

uboZebia didi monasteri `kestori~. am monasters ekuTvnoda 105 sofeli, 

romelic gadaucia sveticxovlisaTvis. man iyida da aRaSena soflebi saqarTvelos 

yvela kuTxeSi _ taoSi, klarjeTSi, SavSeTSi, javaxeTSi, kolaSi, faravans, 

Sida qarTlSi, kaxeTSi, hereTSi, kakSi, qvemo qarTlSi, romelnic eklesias 

Seswira, sul 155. TbilisSi qarTul eklesias didZali simdidre da 

Semosavali hqonda. Tbilisis arabma amira alim melqisedekis TxovniT 

eklesia gadasaxadebisagan gaaTavisufla. 

melqisedeks augia saqarTvelos sxvadasxva kuTxeSi mravali eklesia da 

daudgams saeklesio saxli (Sewirul soflebSi). sabuTis aRniSnuli CamonaTvalis 

qvemoT miwerilia `qoronikoni iyo sm (e.i. 781+240=1021 w.). 

am dros melqisedeki jer kidev mxned yofila, moxucebulobis Jams ki mas 

Seumzadebia TavisTvis saflavi, augia masze sakurTxeveli da daudgenia 

saflavze mlocveli mRvdeli, romelic yovelmxriv uzrunveluyvia, raTa 

masa da mis Svilebs Taobidan Taobamde elocaT pirveli patriarqis saflavze 

misi sulis saoxad. kerZod, amave sabuTidan Cans, rom melqisedeks Tavisi 

saflavi Seumzadebia sveticxovlis taZris sadiakvneSi. aqve man ufro 

adre moawyo zemoaRwerili samartvile. rogorc wesi, taZris nawili, romelsac 

amJamad sakurTxeveli ewodeba, sam nawilad ganiyofa. centralur, mTavar 

nawilSi mowyobilia wmida trapezi, marjvena nawilSi sadiakvnea, marcxena- 

Si _ samkveTlo. sveticxovlis am nawilSi (e.w. samkveTloSi) amJamad mcire 

eklesiaa gamarTuli, marjvenaSi (sadiakvneSi) mouwyvia melqisedeks mcire 

eklesia, gauTxria TavisTvis saflavi, zed daudgams `sakurTxeveli~, anu


istoria 

571 

samwirvelo trapezi. am sakurTxevelze wirva-locva daavala Tavis gazrdils 

mRvdels iovanes, romelsac gasamrjelod, saxsrad da col-Svilis gamosakvebad 

saukunod daumkvidra mdidari saeklesio Sesawiri _ 5 glexi 

sruli fuZiT, e.i. Tavisi saxl-kariT, miwiT, venaxiT, WaliT da wisqviliT, sxva 

mamulebic gadasca. amasTan dakavSirebiT anderZSi Cawera: àravis aqvs 

amas zeda xeli Tvinier xucisa, romeli sakurTxevelsa amas Cemsa zeda 

Jamsa wiravdes~ (iqve, gv. 28.). Tavisi saflavis eklesiisaTvisac melqisedeks 

Seuwiravs Sesamoseli, barZim-feSxumi da vercxliT namzadi sxva nivTebi. 

melqisedeks Tavis mosaxseneblad aRapi (sulis saoxi wirva-locva zed 

mobmuli purobiT) daudgenia 24 ianvars. 

qarTuli eklesiis devna 1021-1054 wlebSi 

bizantia-saqarTvelos omis dros 

bagrat III-is gardacvalebis Semdeg iwyeba omi bizantiis imperiasa da 

saqarTvelos Soris. es iyo ara ubralo da epizoduri SebrZolebebi, aramed 

didi omi, romelic gagrZelda aTwleulobiT da romelSic uSualod monawileobdnen 

bizantiis imperatorebi da saqarTvelos mefeebi. omi daiwyo 

basili II-is dros, 1021 wels da mimdinareobda imperatorebis konstantine 

VIII-is, romanoz III-is, miqael IV-is, miqael V-is, zoiasa da Teodoras da 

damTavrda konstantine monomaqosis dros, 1054 wels. imxanad saqarTvelo- 

Si mefobdnen giorgi I da bagrat IV. swored bagrat IV-is dros Sewyda 

bizantia-saqarTvelos omi da daido samSvidobo zavi. 

am oms zogadad aseTi saxe hqonda: imperatorebi basili da konstantine 

TviTonve ramdenjerme SemouZRvnen TavianT mravalricxovan armiebs 

saqarTveloSi qarTveli mefeebis dasamarcxeblad. romanozis dros ramdenime 

wliT samSvidobo zavi daido bizantia-saqarTvelos Soris, romelic 

male dairRva. amis Semdeg bizantia Tavisi laSqriT, fuliT da sxva saSualebebiT 

exmareboda da mxars uWerda saqarTveloSive arsebul separatistul 

Zalebs, saqarTvelosa da qarTveli mefis dasamarcxeblad. bagrat IVis 

dros, 1054-1057 wlebSi, samwliani molaparakeba zaviT damTavrda. 

bagrat III-is mematiane aRniSnavda, rom bizantiis mezoblad saqarTvelos 

didi saxelmwifos warmoqmnam, romelic mTel kavkasias eufleboda, SeaSfo- 

Ta bizantiis samefo kari. saqarTvelos mefem, wers is, Savi zRvidan kaspiis 

zRvamde, `jiqeTidan vidre gurganamde... dai pyra yoveli kavkasia TviTmpyrobelobiT~, 

`mefe sparsTa TYs megobrad da erTgul yo sibrZniTa da ZlierebiTa 

TYsiTa~. bizantiis mmarTveli wreebisaTvis saSiSi gamxdara saqarTvelos 

gaerTianeba: `berZenTa mefeTaca SiSi aqunda amisi yovladveo~.


jafariZe 

amiT iyo gamowveuli is, rom daviT kurapalatis gardacvalebisTanave, 

1001 wels, `gamovida basili, berZenTa mefe, da miscnes mas cixeni aznaurTa 

ama daviTisTa da dai pyra basili mefeman mamuli daviT kurapalatisa~. 24 

basili am dros Seecada Camoegdo mtroba da SuRli bagrat III-sa da 

mamamiss gurgen mefeT-mefes Soris, magram es ver SeZlo. bagrat III-is 

gardacvalebis (1014w.) Semdeg saqarTvelos samefos erTianoba ar darRveula, 

piriqiT, saqarTvelo kidev ufro Zlierdeboda. amitomac, 1021 wels 

basilma axalgazrda giorgi I-is dros wamoiwyo Zalze didi omi saqarTvelos 

saxelmwifos winaaRmdeg. oms TviT basili mTavarsardlobda. basili 

keisars imedi hqonda, rom mis Setevas saqarTvelos samefo ver gauZlebda 

da daiSleboda, rogorc iyo bagrat III-mde. magram qarTveli eri da qarTuli 

eklesia gverdSi amoudga saxelmwifos. eklesia bizantiis mier dapyrobil 

kuTxeebSi saTaveSi Caudga samamulo oms dampyrobTa winaaRmdeg. 

`yovliTa spiTa saberZneTisaTa da ucxoTesliTa uricxYTa~ 25 SemoWril 

basili II-es qarTulma mxedrobam didi winaaRmdegoba gauwia giorgi I-is 

meTaurobiT: ègzom gagrZelda maT Soris brZola, romel sivltolad ganemzada 

basili mefe~. 26 giorgi mefem ukandaxevis Semdeg gaaZliera Tavisi armia, 

amitomac basili iZulebuli gaxda daetovebina saqarTvelos sazRvrebi da 

trapizonis maxloblad daezamTrebina. meore wels is kvlav SemoiWra 

saqarTveloSi. giorgi I-ma Seutia mters da gaaqcia: ìwyes brZolad da 

aotes zogi basilis laSqrisa~. 27 damarcxebiT gaognebulma imperatorma 

moiTxova: `..Zeli cxovrebisa mandiliTa wmidiTa, da dasca igi qveyanasa 

zeda da Tqua esreT, viTarmed: ùkeTu mimec me KelTa mtersaTa, arRara 

Tayuanis-gce ukunisamde~ da viTar ese yo da Tqua, myis masve Jamsa iZlivnes 

da meot iqmnes spani giorgisani~. 28 

basili II mzad yofila RmerTi daegmo, Tu omSi qarTvelebi gaimarjvebdnen. 

mematianis zemomoyvanili azriT, romelic gamoxatavs imdroindel sazogadoebriv 

azrs, qarTveli mefisa da armiis damarcxeba da bizantielTa 

gamarjveba RvTis nebiT momxdara. imdroindeli SexedulebiT, bizantia da 

misi imperatorebi iyvnen burjni msoflio qristianobisa. imperatorebs 

Tayvans scemdnen, rogorc RvTis nebis aRmsrulebelT. albaT, amiT iyo 

gamowveuli is, rom bizantielTa mxareze gadavida qarTuli mosaxleobis 

erTi nawili dapyrobil samxreT saqarTveloSi: `...mieqces erni, sofelni 

ugunur-ususurni cnobiTa da gonebiTa...~ 29 aseT dros, roca qristianul 

sarwmunoebas qarTveli eris mteri iyenebda qristiani qarTveli eris 

dasapyrobad, qarTuli sapatriarqo da samRvdeloeba saTaveSi udgeba samamulo 

oms bizantielTa winaaRmdeg dapyrobil samxreT saqarTveloSi. 

samRvdeloeba `viTarca erTgulni da WeSmaritni martYlni, saRmrToni Tav- 

Ta TYsTa sikudilad ganswirvides, da KorcielTa ufalTaTYs TavTa TYsTa 

ganswirvides da sisxlTa dasTxevdes...~ 30 qarTvel samRvdeloebas bizanti-


istoria 

573 

asTan omSi qarTveli `wvrili eri~ rom ar gamoefxizlebina, mteri gamoiyenebda 

maT gulubryvilobas, `cnobiT ugunur-ususurobas~ da maT gulwrfel 

qristianobas Tavis sasargeblod. qarTveli samRvdeloeba, eklesia da 

sapatriarqo ùqristianes~ bizantiis imperiasTan saqarTvelos brZolis 

Jams dadga qarTuli saxelmwifos mxareze. qarTuli eklesiis aqtiurma 

poziciam am omSi gamoiwvia bizantiis samefo karisa da konstantinopolis 

sapatriaqros risxva qarTuli eklesiis mimarT. bizantiis eklesia qarTuli 

eklesiis winaaRmdeg ganewyo. qarTuli eklesia mwvalebelTa aramarTlmadideblur 

eklesiad gamocxadda. daiwyo qarTuli monastrebisa da qarTveli 

berebis devna imperiaSi. 

33-wliani omi bizantiasa da saqarTvelos Soris iyo omi or qristianul 

saxelmwifos Soris, amitomac am or qveyanas Soris mSvidobisa da zavisaTvis 

iRvwian saeklesio pirebi. kaTalikos-patriarqi melqisedeki, wyaro- 

Ta Tanaxmad, xSirad Cadioda konstantinopolSi. am dros xSirad mimodiodnen 

saeklesio pirebi bizantiasa da saqarTvelos Soris, mSvidobisa 

da SewevnisaTvis. amis Sesaxeb moRweulia aTonis mTawmidis devnili qarTveli 

berebis mier dawerili cnoba: `...arca Tu egebis, ravdenni Ruawlni moiTminnes, 

yovelTave TiToeulad aRricxuvaA: mimoslvaA Cueni zRYT da KmeliT 

da afxazeTs da qarTls savedrebelTa wignTaTYs berZenTa mefeTa winaSe, 

da ravdengzis moviRiT wigni TYTmpyrobelTaA da CamovidiT, da kualad 

ginebiTa da SeuracxebiTa wargudevnnian usagzloni da uKamurni Jamsa 

RelvaTatexisa da zamTrisasa esreT anu TxoviT aRvidiT kualad sameufod 

anu RmrTis-moyuareTa kacTa wyalobiTa da kualad SevstirodiT da vesamarTlebodiT 

mefeTa~. 31 

am cnobiT, qarTvel berebs imdenjer umogzavriaT am omis dros bizantiasa 

da saqarTvelos Soris, rom amis aRricxva SeuZlebeli yofila. maTi 

mgzavrobis mizani iyo mieRoT Tavisi mdgomareobis SemsubuqebisaTvis `savedrebeli 

wignebi~ saqarTvelos TviTmpyrobel mefeTagan da CaetanaT es 

wignebi `berZenTa mefeTa winaSe~. orive SemTxvevaSi mefeebi naxsenebi arian 

mravlobiT ricxvSi, ase rom, berebi konstantinopolsa da saqarTvelos 

Soris sxvadasxva imperatorebis dros mogzaurobdnen. saqarTvelos mefis 

mier gagzavnil wigns konstantinopolSi araviTar yuradRebas ar aqcevdnen, 

piriqiT, berebs ginebiTa da SeuracxyofiT abrunebdnen, isini ki usagzlod, 

fexSiSvelni, mkacr zamTarSi kvlav Camodiodnen saqarTveloSi da 

`kualav SevstirodiT da vesamarTlebodiT mefeTa~. 

iverTa monasteri daarsda 980-983 wlebSi basili II-is mniSvnelovani 

SesawiriTa da daxmarebiT. basili II am dros kargad iyo ganwyobili 

qarTvelebis mimarT, radganac qarTvelebma mas taxti SeunarCunes barda 

skliarosis ajanyebis dros (976-979). skliarosis damarcxebis meore welsve 

iwyeba iveronis mSenebloba: `mefe basilis, romanozis Zis mefuri wyalobiT,


jafariZe 

ioanem aRmarTa sakuTari lavra, romelsac Zvelad klimentioss eZaxdnen, 

mogvianebiT ki ivironi ewoda~. 32 

basili II barda fokas ajanyebis (987-989) damarcxebis Semdeg qarTvelebis 

mimarT ukve aRar iyo kargad ganwyobili ajanyebaSi maTi monawileobis 

gamo. es male daetyo iberTa monasters. 1008 wels, gurgen mefeT-mefis 

gardacvalebis Semdeg taos qarTvelTa samefo SeierTa bagrat III-m, ramac 

bizantiis ukmayofileba gamoiwvia. maleve, 1012 wlidan iverTa monasterSi 

daiwyo areuloba _ `sulmokleoba da sigrile~, rasac, Cans, konstantinopoli 

aqezebda. 1021 wlis omis dawyebis Semdeg, 1025 wlidan imperator 

konstantines dros iverTa monasterSi namdvili amboxeba dawyebula. iveronis 

monastris maSindeli mdgomareoba sarkesaviT asaxavda bizantia-saqarTvelos 

urTierTdamokidebulebas. magaliTad, bizantia-saqarTvelos zavis dros, 

1030-ian wlebSi, imperatori romanozi kargad ganewyo iveronis winamZRvar 

giorgi I-is mimarT, magram zavis darRvevisTanave monastris berebi `Relvasa 

da mimotacebaSi~ `Cacvivdnen~. 

omis dros bizantiaSi ara marto qarTuli monastrebi da saeklesio 

pirebi idevnebodnen, aramed saero pirebic _ saqarTvelos moqalaqeebic _ 

saqarTvelos moqalaqes `qveynis Cuenis eris kaci~ erqva. 33 es iqidanac Cans, 

rom grigol bakurianis Zesac ki, romelic erovnebiT qarTveli iyo, magram 

saqarTvelos moqalaqe ar yofila, aramed imperiis mTavarsardali iyo, 

mZafrad ganucdia qarTveli moqalaqeebisa da berebis devniT gamowveuli 

tanjva. is wers: `berZenni... arian bunebiT mZlavrni da angaharni da xelovanni, 

meSinis, Tu nuTu savnebeli da dasaklebeli raime SeamTxvion monastersa... 

romeli ese mravalgzis gvixilavs maTgan qmnilad Cuenisa naTesavisa 

umankoebisagan da gulmartiobisagan~. 34 

qarTveli berebi antioqiaSic idevnebodnen. 

saqarTvelos kaTalikos-patriarqi melqisedek I saeklesio sakiTxebis 

gadasaWrelad mravaljer Sexvedria imperatorebs, basils, konstantines, 

romanozs. bizantiasTan omis dros saeWvod gamoacxades qarTveli eris 

marTlmadidebloba, qarTuli avtokefaluri eklesiis Tavidanve arsebuli 

mravali ufleba, amitomac, SeuZlebelia, qarTuli eklesiis meTauri mravaljer 

ar Casuliyo konstantinopolSi saeklesio sakiTxebisaTvis, ris Sesaxebac 

mogviTxrobs `qarTlis cxovrebis~ Teimuraziseuli nusxa. melqisedeki 

iyo meTauri uzarmazari avtokefaluri eklesiisa, romlis iurisdiqcia 

vrceldeboda Savsa da kaspiis zRvebs Soris, amitomac araferia gasakviri 

imaSi, rom bizantiis imperatorebi angariSs uwevdnen amas da saCuqrad 

Sesawiris saxiT melqisedeks aZlevdnen xatebs, jvrebsa da saeklesio nivTebs. 

Tanamedrove terminologiiT rom gamovxatoT, bizantia-saqarTvelos omis 

dros am ori qveynis eklesiebi aqtiur ideologiur brZolas eweodnen. 

bizantiuri ideologia qarTveli erisa da eklesiis mimarT agresiuli iyo.


istoria 

575 

maTi propagandistuli manqana avrcelebda sicrues qarTvelebis aramarTlmadideblobisa, 

eklesiis arakanonierebis Sesaxeb. Sesabamisad, qarTuli 

eklesiis ideologia iyo TavdacviTi. is amtkicebda, rom qarTuli eklesia 

mudam marTlmadidebluri iyo, im drosac ki, roca bizantiuri eklesia 

mwvalebluri iyo, magaliTad, xatmebrZolobis dros. aseve qarTuli eklesia 

mudam Tavisufali da avtokefaluri iyo, radganac mociqulTa mier iqna 

daarsebulio. 35 

bizantias ganzraxuli hqonda, samagaliTod daesaja qarTuli eklesia 

omSi dakavebuli antibizantiuri poziciisaTvis. amisaTvis saWiro iyo moe- 

ZiaT raime saeklesio-dogmatikur-kanonikuri sababi. sababad gamoiyenes is, 

rom qarTulma eklesiam Tavisi Tavi gamoacxada sapatriarqo eklesiad, rac 

ewinaaRmdegeboda pentarxiis bizantiur `kanonikur~ Teorias (msoflioSi 

mxolod xuTi sapatriarqos arseboba), amitomac aramarTlmadideblurad 

gamoacxades qarTuli eklesia da eWvi Seitanes mis avtokefaliaSic ki. 

bizantielebma qarTuli eklesiis marTlmadideblobaSi eWvis misatan 

sababad gamoiyenes qarTuli da somxuri eklesiebis cnobili saeklesio 

kavSiri VI-VII saukuneebSi. Tavis droze, VI saukunis dasawyisSi, qarTvelsomex-albanelTa 

erTmaneTisagan damoukidebelma avtokefalurma sakaTalikosoebma 

dvinis gaerTianebul saeklesio krebaze 506 wels dagmes nestorianoba 

da miiRes `henotikoni~. imperatorebis, zenonisa da anastasis dros 

arsebuli bizantiuri Teoria `henotikoni~ icavda imperiis eklesiis er- 

Tianobas imiT, rom aerTianebda monofizitebsa da qalkedonitebs. es Teoria 

aRiares qarTulma da somxurma eklesiebmac da safuZvlad daedo maT 

religiur-sarwmunoebriv erTobas. 518 wlis Semdeg, rac bizantiam dagmo 

henotikoni, qarTuli eklesiac cdilobda daegmo igi, magram am dros, VI 

saukuneSi, saqarTvelo dapyrobili iyo sparsTa mier, sparseTi ki mxars 

uWerda da aZlierebda yovelgvar antibizantiur mrwamss _ am SemTxvevaSi 

monofizitobas, romelic am saukuneSi TandaTan somxuri eklesiis erovnul 

sarwmunoebad gadaiqca. somexi ierarqebi mudamJam ukiJinebdnen qarTvel 

ierarqebs, romelTac qalkedonuri pozicia eWiraT, rom qarTvelTa winaprebma 

somxebTan erTad dagmes qalkedonitoba da miiRes saerTo sarwmunoeba, 

isini gulisxmobdnen henotikons, amitomac qarTvelTa mier qalkedonitobis 

aRiareba TiTqosda iyo `mamaTa sarwmunoebis Ralati~. 36 

jer sparseTi, xolo Semdeg araboba sastikad devnida qarTul qalkedonitur 

eklesias, amis mizezi iyo is, rom es qveynebi mudam eomebodnen 

bizantiis imperias da amitomac am imperiaSi arsebuli saeklesio ideologia 

_ qalkedonitoba miuRebeli iyo rogorc sparseTis, ise arabobisaTvis. 

orive es qveyana xels uwyobda da aZlierebda monofizitobas _ antiqalkedonitur 

mrwamss. rogorc sparseTi, ise araboba yovelmxriv xels uwyobda 

da xelovnurad aZlierebda somxuri monofizituri eklesiis gavlenas


jafariZe 

albaneTsa da qarTlSi. 37 mose kalankatuelis Tanaxmad, arabebma sastikad 

dasajes albanuri eklesia Tavisi qalkedonituri mrwamsisaTvis da dauqvemdebares 

is somxur eklesias VI saukunis miwuruls, 38 amis gamo albane- 

Tis vrcel qveyanaSi saeklesio ena iyo ara albanuri, aramed somxuri. 

albaneTis uZvelesi samociqulo avtokefaluri eklesia dampyrobelma sparsarabebma 

somxuri eklesiis nawilad aqcies. albanur enaze arsebuli wmida 

werili aRar gamoiyeneboda albaneli xalxisaTvis, is somxurenovanma saeklesio 

literaturam Secvala. albanuri anbanis magier albanel xalxs 

somxuri anbanis gamoyeneba daaZales rogorc sparselebma, ise arabebma. 

kavkasiis erT-erTi yvelaze mravalricxovani xalxi somxurenovani gaxda 

saeklesio TvalsazrisiT. 

saqarTvelos did nawilze, gansakuTrebiT ki dasavleT saqarTveloze, 

agreTve aRmosavleT saqarTvelos mtkvris CrdiloeTiT moqceul nawilze 

sparseTi da araboba Tavis gavlenas naklebad avrcelebda, samxreT 

saqarTveloze ki, mtris mier dapyrobil mesxeTsa da qvemo qarTlSi, somxur 

eklesias yovelgvari neba mieca Tavisi gavlenis gavrcelebisa. arabobis 

Sesustebamde es mxareebi somxuri eklesiis gavlenis qveS iyo, ramac 

Tavisi kvali daaCnia qarTul qristianobas _ qarTveli mosaxleobis aramcire 

nawili somxurma eklesiam Tavis mrevlad aqcia. qarTvel monofizitebs, 

anu `sarwmunoebiT somxebs~ moixseniebs grigol bakuriani: `vinaAca 

menebos, naTesavTa CemTa da msaxurTa CemTa, daRacaTu somexni iyvnen sarwmunoebiTa~. 

39 monofiziti qarTvelebi, anu `sarwmunoebiT somxebi~ X saukunis 

bolosa da XI saukunis dasawyisSi ìnaTlebodnen~ kidec, magram maTi 

raodenoba mainc aramciredi iyo. magaliTad, `movida gvirpeli... da moinaTla, 

rameTu somexi iyo~. 40 

somxuri eklesia XI saukunis dasawyisSi mwvaleblur eklesiad iTvleboda 

bizantiaSi, xolo qarTul eklesias am droisaTvis jer kidev Rrmad etyoboda 

somxuri eklesiis gavlenis kvali, swored es gamoiyenes bizantielma ideologebma 

qarTuli eklesiis marTlmadideblobaSi eWvis Sesatanad. 

amis Sesaxeb qarTveli beri werda kidec: `...queyanaA Cueni Sors iyo 

queyanisagan saberZneTisa da viTarca Teslni ara wmidani Soris Cuensa 

daTesul iyvnes borotni igi Teslni somexTani _ gularZnilni da manqanani 

da amis mier friad guevneboda~. 41 

qarTul eklesias, arsen safarelis Tanaxmad, jer kidev 551 wels (somxuri 

welTaRricxvis pirvel wels) mowveuli krebis Semdeg gauwyvetia somxur 

eklesiasTan kavSiri, Semdgom 607 wels, kirionis dros, kvlav saWiro 

gaxda msgavsi qmedeba, magram sparseTis mefe xosros mier 614 wels ierusalimis 

aRebis Semdeg sparseTma `somxuri sarwmunoeba~ sparseTis imperiaSi 

mcxovrebi qristianebisaTvis savaldebulo sarwmunoebad gamoacxada. 

amis gamo, sparsTagan dapyrobil aRmosavleT saqarTveloSi somxeTis gav-


istoria 

577 

lena kvlavindeburad grZeldeboda. 632 wels ki bizantiis imperatorma 

herakle keisarma ùnia~ Sekra somxur eklesiasTan, ramac monoTelitobis 

aRorZinebas Seuwyo xeli bizantiis imperiaSi. somxuri eklesia bizantiuri 

`monoTelitobis~ erT-erTi burji gaxda, ramac saSualeba misca mas, kvlavindeburi 

gavlena hqonoda amierkavkasiaze. somxuri eklesia, rogorc 

Tavis antiqalkedonitobas, ise `monoTelitobis~ magvar sarwmunoebas Tavis 

sasargeblod iyenebda. 

mxolod 726 wels mowveuli krebis Semdeg, rac somxurma eklesiam sabolood 

dagmo qalkedonitoba da aSkarad aRiara monofizitoba, qarTulma 

eklesiam yovelgvari kavSiri gawyvita masTan. magram Zvel kavSirs ukvalod 

ar Cauvlia. `wrfeli da umanko~ 42 qarTveli xalxisaTvis somexi saeklesio 

moRvaweni gamxdaran avtoritetuli pirebi da `...igini reca mizeziTa wesierebisaATa, 

reca cdunebad guazmnobdes...~ 43 e.i. avtori amtkicebs, rom somexi 

saeklesio moRvaweebi xan gangeb acdendnen, abrkolebdnen qarTvelebs, xan 

kidev saeklesio wesebis sisworis momizezebiT nergavdnen araswor wesebs. 

garda amisa, somxuri enidan Targmnili saeklesio wignebic yofila qarTul 

eklesiaSi, rac sxva SecdomaTa wyaro xdeboda. mTliani winadadeba aseTia: 

`...daRacaTu pirveliTganve guqondes werilnica da sarwmunoebaA WeSmariti 

da marTali, garna queyanaA Cueni Sors iyo queyanisgan saberZneTisa da 

viTarca Teslni arawmidani Soris Cuensa daTesul iyvnes borotni igi 

Teslni somexTani, gularZnilni da manqanani, da amis mier friad guevneboda, 

rameTu naTesavi Cueni wrfeli iyo da umankoA. xolo igini reca mizeziTa 

wesierebisaATa reca cdunebiTa guazmnodes da romelnime wignnica 

guqondes maTgan Targmnilni~. 44 

IV-V saukuneebis `pirvelTagan Targmnili wmida werili~ VI-VII saukuneebSi 

`wesierebis~ momizezebiT somxuri redaqciebis mixedviT yofila redaqtirebuli, 

anda xelaxla Targmnili; amis gamo XI saukuneSi bizantiam 

gangaSi atexa. 

aqamde arc erT qarTvels odnavi eWvic ki ar Sehqonda Tavis marTlmadideblobaSi. 

qarTveloba gaocebuli darCa bizantielTa SemoteviT, radganac, 

misi azriT, qarTuli eklesia mudam marTlmadidebluri iyo, maSinac ki, 

roca bizantiaSi mwvalebloba batonobda. xolo somxuri enidan wignebis 

Targmna-redaqtirebas xsnidnen qarTvelebis ubiwoba-umankoebiT da mimndoblobiT. 

amiT isargebles somexma monofizitebma da zogierTi mcire 

cduneba Semoitanes CvenSi, risi aRmofxvrac mainc SeiZlebao. 

qarTul eklesiaSi Semotanili somxuri `RvarZlisagan srulad ganwmedis~ 

didi saqme, mematianis Tanaxmad, iTava eqvTime mTawmidelma. es saqme ki 

daasrula giorgi mTawmidelma. `RvarZli~ srulebiT `ganiwminda~ ramdenime 

aTeul weliwadSi. sinamdvileSi araviTari `RvarZliT~ ar yofila 

Sebilwuli qarTuli marTlmadidebluri eklesia. berZnebma RvarZlad mi-


jafariZe 

iCnies zogierTi wmida wignis Targmna-redaqtireba somxuri enidan, am azrs 

ver daveTanxmebiT. ar SeiZleba aramarTlmadideblurad CaiTvalos eklesia 

im mizeziT, rom is saeklesio saWiroebisaTvis wignebs somxuri enidan 

Targmnida. 

mematiane wers: àmaT eseviTarTa mizezTaTYs moxedna mowyalebaman Rmr- 

Tisaman naTesavsa Cuensa da aRgYdgina axali oqropiri wmidaA mamaA Cueni 

efTYme, da viTarca meaTcameteman mociqulman queyanaA Cueni amaT zemoKsenebulTa 

RuarZlTagan sruliad ganwmida mravlad TargmanebiTa wmidaTa 

werilTaATa...~ 45 

eqvTime mTawmidelma didi raodenobiT wigni Targmna 1012 wlidan 1028 

wlamde. TargmnasTan erTad igi iRebda ukve arsebul teqsts da udarebda 

maT berZnul redaqcias. im SemTxvevaSi, Tu Zveli qarTuli Targmani emTxveoda 

berZnuls, eqvTime ucvlelad tovebda Zvel teqsts, Tu mcired sxvaobda, 

asworebda mas berZnulis mixedviT da Tu gansxvaveba didi iyo, eqvTime ukve 

namdvilad iwyebda Targmnas. 

berZnulis mixedviT Zveli qarTuli teqstebis redaqtireba, anu `Targmna~, 

rogorc maSin uwodebdnen, jer kidev VIII saukuneSi daiwyo sabawmidis 

lavraSi. miuxedavad intensiuri muSaobisa, Zvel teqstebSi somxuridan 

naTargmnobisa da redaqtirebis kvali ver aRmofxvres, Tumca es arc iyo 

saboloo mizani. axali redaqtirebis mizani iyo ara Zveli Targmanebis 

lingvistur-filologiuri kvleva, aramed arsebuli teqstis gamarTva berZnuli 

redaqciebis msgavsad. Semdgom ki, XI saukuneSi, qarTuli Targmanebi didi 

sizustiT dauaxloves berZnuls. miuxedavad amisa, rogorc qarTvelTa, ise 

berZenTa Soris yofilan _ `mabralobelni~ da `mayvedrebelni~, romlebic 

swunobdnen qarTul Targmanebs im mxriv, rom isini ar mihyvebodnen im dros 

gavrcelebul berZnul redaqciebs: `...mecnierni berZnulisani mabralobel 

gueqmnebodes gamouZieblad dawerisaTvis sityuaAsa~. 46 aq igulisxmebian 

berZnuli enis mcodne qarTvelebi, magram yofilan agreTve qarTulis mcodne 

berZnebi _ `mayvedrebelni~ _ `...amas guayuedrebdes berZennio~. magaliTad, 

ori sxvadasxva sityva grigol RvTismetyvelisa, romelic eqvTime mTawmidels, 

Tavis dros, albaT, cal-calke uTargmnia, viRacas mere SeuerTebia _ 

meqanikurad gadaubams. es berZnebs SeuniSnavT da qarTvelebi gaukicxavT 

aseTi aRrevisaTvis. 

`mabraloblebisa~ da `mayvedreblebis~ gamravleba XI saukunis dasawyis- 

Si gamoiwvia bizantia-saqarTvelos omma. 

aRsaniSnavia, rom qarTuli eklesia, miuxedavad imisa, rom is qalkedonitobis 

uerTgulesi damcveli iyo, mainc gansxvavdeboda bizantiur-berZnuli 

eklesiisagan Tavisi nacionaluri qristianuli kulturiT. mas Semdeg, rac 

qarTulma eklesiam kavSiri gawyvita somxur eklesiasTan, `...romelTanac 

mas akavSirebda erTi da igive saeklesio wesebi, zne-Cveulebebi da tradicie-


istoria 

579 

bi~, 47 qarTvel ers miuCnevia, rom denacionalizaciis saSineli katastrofisagan 

Tavis daRwevis gza aris `...sakuTari eklesiis frTeTa qveSe nacionalur-qristianuli 

kulturis gaRviveba~. 48 amas Sedegad mohyolia VIII-X 

saukuneebSi originaluri saeklesio wesebis mZlavri zrda-ganviTareba. 

SemuSavebula nacionaluri agiografia, `dawesebul iqna wmida qarTuli 

dResaswaulebi erovnuli wmidanebisa~. 49 

qarTvelebs bizantiaSi damkvidrebuli msoflio saeklesio dResaswaulebisaTvis 

`Tavisi erovnuli suli Cauberia, ris gamoc Semdgomi drois (XI 

saukunidan) mwerlebs, romelTac maTi warmoSoba ukve naTlad aRar gaegebodaT, 

qarTul dResaswaulebad mounaTlavT. aseTia magaliTad, jvaris 

dResaswauli aRdgomis meore dRes... dResaswauli wmida giorgisa 10 noembers... 

satfureba ierusalimis taZrisa 13 seqtembers~. 50 

swored am mxriv qarTuli liturgikuli kalendari gansxvavdeboda berZnulisagan. 

arsebobda berZnulisagan gansxvavebuli welTaRricxvis qarTuli 

sistema da qarTuli `wesi da gangeba saxarebis sakiTxavebisa~, `magram 

yvelaze meti Tavisebureba da `qarTveloba~ Cvens winaprebs am xanaSi 

liturgikul mwerlobaSi gamouCeniaT... SeuTxzavT sakuTari qarTuli oktioxosi, 

iadgari, marxuani da zatiki. am araCveulebrivs, istoriaSi erTaderT 

magaliTs gansakuTrebiT Tavi uCenia X saukuneSi...~ 51 

swored qarTuli eklesiis nacionalur-qristianulma xasiaTma misca sababi 

berZnebs mwvaleblebad moenaTlaT qarTvelebi, radgan qarTuli eklesiis 

liturgika gansxvavebuli yofila berZnulisagan. `qarTvelebi dadgomian 

RvTismsaxurebis sruli gaerovnulebis gzas, ara marto enis mxriv, 

aramed SinaarsiTac, magram Semdegma periodma es mimarTuleba Seayena~. 52 

qarTuli RvTismsaxurebis srul gaerovnebas XI saukunis pirvel naxevarSi 

win aRudga bizantiis eklesia, romelmac erovnuli niSan-Tvisebebi 

mwvaleblobad CauTvala qarTul eklesias da monofizitur somxur eklesiasTan 

Zveli kavSiris damadasturebel sabuTad miiCnia. qarTuli eklesiis 

marTlmadideblobis damtkicebas Tavisi Sroma Sealies VIII-XI saukunis 

moRvaweebma. isini `...berZnulis mixedviT asworeben Zvel Targmanebs, romelnic 

somxuri enidan momdinareobdnen. aseTi Sedareba-Sesworebis gziT warmoiSva 

àxali Targmani~... 53 

imisaTvis, raTa moespoT berZnebisaTvis qarTvelTa mwvaleblebad gamocxadebis 

sababi, eqvTime, giorgi mTawmidelebi da maTi skola Semdegi saxis 

samuSaos asrulebda: `...bibliis manamde arsebul qarTul Targmanebs maqsimalurad 

uaxloeben berZnul wyaros, rom `biwi rame~ ar daswamon maT. sul 

raRac naxevari saukunis ganmavlobaSi bibliuri wignebis Zvelma qarTulma 

Targmanma samjer ganicada safuZvliani gadamuSaveba... aseT muSaobas Tavidan 

mxolod wminda literaturuli interesebi ki ar gansazRvravda, aramed 

ufro mwvave politikur-kulturuli garemoc... es iyo iZulebiTi RonisZieba


jafariZe 

qarTuli kulturis kerebis TviTmyofobis SesanarCuneblad didmpyrobeluri 

berZnebis momZlavrebis Jams... V-XI saukuneebSi qarTul enaSi ar 

momxdara iseTi didi masStabis cvlileba, rom amis gamo XI saukuneSi 

aucilebeli yofiliyo Zvel qarTul TargmanTa redaqciuli gadamuSaveba 

da enobrivi modernizacia... mizani iyo ara Zveli teqstebis enobrivi modernizacia, 

aramed maqsimaluri daaxloeba berZnul wyarosTan~. 54 

aRmoCnda, rom giorgi mTawmideli aris bibliuri wignebis ara mTargmneli, 

am sityvis dRevandeli mniSvnelobiT, aramed redaqtori _ `giorgi rom 

bibliur wignebs xelaxla ar Targmnis, es faqtia, romelsac mxolod danaxva 

unda da ara mtkiceba... giorgis redaqciuli kalami arsebiTad Seexo 

Zveli redaqciis ara gramatikul, aramed Sinaarsobriv-stilistur mxares~. 55 

`giorgis redaqtoruli muSaobis mizania, rom Zveli qarTuli redaqciis teqsti 

ufro dauaxlovos berZnul wyaros~... `...efrem mcire ki giorgis naredaqciev 

qarTul Targmans kidev ufro aaxloebs berZnul wyarosTan ara 

marto Sinaarsis, aramed struqturis, stilis TvalsazrisiTac. ...raTa qarTuli 

Targmani maqsimalurad Seesityvebodes berZnul wyaros azrobrivadac da 

enobrivadac... magram es xdeba... qarTuli enis bunebis sawinaaRmdegod~. 56 

aseT ukiduresobamde qarTveli mTargmnel-redaqtorebis miyvana gamoiwvia 

`mabralobelTa~ da `mayvedrebelTa~ ciliswamebam, TiTqosda qarTul 

Targmanebs raRac monofizituri `biwi~ gaaCnda. 

qarTvelma mTargmnel-redaqtorebma mospes qarTuli eklesiis mwvalebelTa 

eklesiad gamocxadebis sababi da amiT udidesi saqme Seasrules 

qarTuli eklesiis ZvelTaganve arsebuli avtokefaliisa (TavisTavadobisa) 

da saqarTvelos sapatriarqos aRiarebis saqmeSi. 

aRsaniSnavia, rom miuxedavad qarTuli qalkedonituri eklesiebis Zlierebisa, 

X-XI saukuneebSi qarTveli monofizitebi arsebobdnen ara marto qveynis 

samxreT nawilSi, aramed maT samefo karzec ki maRali Tanamdebobebi ekavaT. 

magaliTad, bagrat III-is mwignobarTuxucesi eqvTime (efTvime) erovnebiT 

qarTveli, magram sarwmunoebiT `somexia~. es mematianes miaCnia erovnul 

Ralatad, `Sinagamcemobad~. is efTvimes Sesaxeb wers: ìgica Tana-ziari iyo 

borotis mis wvalebisa maTisa da Sina-ganmcemi sarwmunoebisa Cuenisa~, 

Rrtilas saeklesio krebaze qalkedonitTa da monofizitTa kamaTisas es 

`Sinagamcemi~ miemxro somex monofizit somexT-moZRvars sosTens. 57 

dinara dedoflamde aRmosavleT saqarTveloSi, hereTSi, mosaxleobis 

erTi nawili monofizituri yofila, magram qarTveli monofizitebis ricxvi 

qveyanaSi X s-is bolosa da XI s-is dasawyisisaTvis mcirdeboda. 

miuxedavad amisa, berZnebi am droisaTvis sarwmunoebrivi motiviT devnian 

qarTvelebs, romelnic aseT situaciaSi iZulebulni iyvnen emtkicebinaT, 

rom isini `naTesaviT~, gvar-tomobiTa da warmoSobiT qarTvelni arian. grigol 

bakurianisZe da, saerTod, XI saukunis moRvaweni kargad ganasxvavebdnen


istoria 

581 

erTmaneTisagan erovnebasa da sarwmunoebas, isini amtkicebdnen, rom erovnebiT, 

`naTesaviT~ qarTvelebi arian, amave dros ar uaryofdnen erovnebiT qarTveli, 

xolo sarwmunoebiT `somxebis~ arsebobasac. 

basili II-is gardacvalebis Semdeg axalma imperatorma konstantinem 

saqarTvelos mimarT Zveli politika ganagrZo. imis miuxedavad, rom basili 

ramdenjerme Semoesia saqarTvelos, is mainc pativiscemiT sargeblobda 

qarTvel saeklesio moRvaweTa Soris, radganac garkveuli wvlili miuZRoda 

qarTuli eklesiis winaSe. imperatori konstantine ki Zalze mtrulad 

da agresiulad iyo ganwyobili qarTuli eklesiisadmi. amitomac misma 

sikvdilma qarTul sazogadoebriobaSi TanagrZnoba ki ar gamoiwvia, aramed 

sixaruli. misi sikvdili imperatorisaTvis movlenil RvTis risxvad miuCneviaT: 

èwia risxva umsjavrosa mas mefesa konstantines, msgavsadve ivlianes 

usjulosa, uwyaloebisaTYs bagrat mefisa Cuenisa _ mooKrebisaTvis 

mamulisa misisa~. 58 

imperator konstantines mier `Relvad aRtexilad igvemeboda~ saqarTvelo. 

bizantiis ganmgebeli qarTuli eklesiis mimarT SurisZiebiT aRavso im 

garemoebam, rom bizantia-saqarTvelos omis dros, kerZod, saqarTveloSi 

misi SemoWrisas, qarTuli samRvdeloeba da eklesia saTaveSi Caudga saxalxo 

oms mis winaaRmdeg. 

konsantinem gamefebisTanave 1026-1027 wlebSi gailaSqra saqarTveloze. 

misi armia ZaliT bevrad aRemateboda basili II-isas. is SemoiWra `miuwdomelisa 

ZaliTa laSqriTa TYsisaTa da ganZiTa uricxYTa yovlad uZlieresad 

basili mefisaca. movlo da moaoKra queyanani igi, romelni pirvel 

moeoKrnen queyanani basili mefesa, da umetesca~. 59 

mefe bagrat IV-m, romelic im dros bavSvi iyo, winaaRmdegoba ver gauwia 

berZnebs, xolo zogierTi aznauri gandga misgan da cixeebi dampyrobels 

gadasca. mtris winaaRmdeg brZolis iniciativa da meTauroba Tavis xelSi 

aiRo eklesiam. àRaSena simagre saba mtbevar episkoposman, maxlobelad 

tbeTis eklesiasa da saxel-sdva mas suetid. da Sekriba maSin man eri TYsi 

da Sevides mas Sina TYT saba mtbevar episkoposi, da ezra anCel episkoposi~. 

male mtris winaaRmdeg meomar episkoposebs gverdSi amoudga mosaxleoba 

_ `da SavSeTisa aznaurni da ganZlierda mas Sina~. 60 

saba mtbevar episkoposs, romelmac `daiWira queyana SavSeTisa, qmna didi 

erTguloba bagrat afxazTa mefisaTYs, pativsca RmerTman da ver waruRes 

queyana mterTa~. 61 

berZnebma `gamoadgines laSqari suetsa mas tbeTisasa, romeli aRego 

saba mtbevar episkopozsa cixed. da hbrZodes Zlierad mravalRoned da 

RmerTman ganaZlierna myofni igi suetsa mas Sina madliTa da meoxebiTa 

wmidaTa mociqulTaTa da locviTa wmidaTa amaT mRvdelT-moZRuarTaTa da 

viTarca erTgulni da WeSmaritni martvilni TavTa TYsTa sikudilad ganswi-


jafariZe 

rvides, egreTve iginica KorcielTa ufalTa TYisTaTYs TavTa TYsTa sikudilad 

ganswirvides, da sisxlTa dasTxevdes sityYsaebr mociqulTasa da 

yovelnive etyodes urTierTsa cixesa mas Sina myofni, romelTa Tana erTo 

ezra anCeli, viTarmed: `numca Segvityueben Cuen liqnani da ese da safaseni 

mswrafl warmavalni, aramed movigoT madli erTgulobisa da gYrgYni 

axovnebisa~, rameTu mbrZolni igi garemodgomilni maTda hliqnides aRTqmi- 

Ta da qadagebiTa keTilTa da safaseTaTa~. 62 

saqarTveloSi brZolebis dros imperatorma konstantinem TavisTan daibara 

iverTa monastridan eqvTime mTawmideli, imis momizezebiT, rom monasterSi 

areuloba daiwyo. areulobas TviT konstantinopoli aqezebda. iveronelebma, 

_ wers mematiane, _ ùkanasknel iwyes Tavxedobad da amboxebad... da 

umetes da umetes aRorZindeboda amboxeba maTi, vidremdis sameufod aRvides 

da auwyes konstanti mefesa SfoTisa maTisaTvis~. 

mosalodneli iyo monastris areulobis gamo eqvTimes konstantinopol- 

Si upativiscemod miiRebdnen, magram is saxelganTqmuli moRvawe iyo mTel 

bizantiaSi, aTanase aTonelis Tanamosagre. eqvTime kviprosis avtokefaluri 

eklesiis meTaurad undoda Tavis droze daeniSna basili II-s. 63 eqvTime 

cudad ar miuRia konstantines. Cans, imperators gadawyvetili hqonda, gadaebirebina 

wmida eqvTime ise, rogorc gadaibira `baneli episkoposi ioane~. 64 

saqarTveloSive konstantines surda Tavis mxareze gadaebirebina saba 

mtbevar episkoposi da ezra anCel episkoposi `liqniTa~ da didi Tanxis 

micemiT. man es ver SeZlo, samagierod moaxerxa Tavis mxareze gadaebirebina 

qarTvel aznaurTa, `wvrili erisa~ da samRvdeloebis nawili. konstantinesaTvis 

gansakuTrebul mniSvnelobas iZenda qarTuli eklesiis mimxroba. 

maSin is advilad SeZlebda bagrat IV-is damarcxebas. SesaZloa, swored 

am mizniT is konstantinopolSi kargad iRebs saqarTvelos kaTalikospatriarq 

melqisedek I-s: `Seiwynara mefeman berZenTaman konstantinem da 

mosca Sesamkobelni eklesiaTa, xatni da juarni...~ 65 

konstantinem eqvTime mTawmideli daibara mis sikvdilamde cota xniT 

adre, e.i. 1027-1028 wlebSi, maSin, rodesac is uzarmazari armiiT aoxrebda 

saqarTvelos, xolo qarTuli eklesia, misi mesveurni saTaveSi edgnen oms 

bizantielTa winaaRmdeg, radganac qarTuli eklesiis varskvlavi eqvTime 

mxarSi edga bizantielTa mowinaaRmdege samRvdeloebas, amitomac is ganarides 

iverTa monasters, sadac am dros winamZRvrobda berZenT momxre mama, 

giorgi I. mematiane wers, rom mama giorgi I _ `berZenTa mieqca~-o, `berZenni 

friad raime Seiyvarna da ganamravlna da sruliad maTda mimarT midrka~. 66 

iseve rogorc baneli episkoposi iovane. 

imperator romanoz III-is gamefebisTanave, saqarTvelos kaTalikos-patriarqi 

melqisedek I `warvida... winaSe romanoz berZenTa mefisa kostantinepoled~. 

67 vizitis mizani, cxadia, iqneboda zavisa da mSvidobis Camogdeba. 

romanozma is `Seiwynara da mosca Sesamkobeli eklesiaTani~. 68


istoria 

583 

daaxloebiT 1030 wels saxelovani da cnobili diplomati _ mariam 

dedofali, deda bagrat IV-isa sagangebo misiiT gaemgzavra `...saberZneTad 

Ziebad mSYdobisa da erTobisa~. 69 sumbat daviTis Ze wers: `Seimosa simKne 

da axovneba... da warvida konstantinepoled winaSe romanoz mefisa, vedrebad 

misa, raTa mSYdoba yos aRmosavleTisaTYs da raTa arRara iyos brZola 

berZenTa da qarTvelTa...~ 70 

imperatorma romanozma ineba dazaveba saqarTvelosTan. qarTveli mefe 

imperatoris vasalad aRiarebda Tavis Tavs, rac imiT gamoixateboda, rom 

mzad iyo mieRo sakariskaco tituli. berZenTa da qarTvelTa samefo dinastiebi 

damoyvrdnen. mefe bagrat IV-s colad misces `keisris qali~ _ 

dedofali elene. 

saxelovani diplomatis, mariam dedoflis viziti warmatebiT dasrulda. 

mas imperatorma àRusrula yoveli saTxoveli sixaruliTa: `mosca ficni 

da simtkiceni erTobisa da siyuarulisaTYs. dauwerna oqro-beWedni, mosca 

pativi kurapalatobisa, da mosca colad bagratisaTYs elene dedofali~. 71 

bizantia-saqarTvelos Soris dadebulma zavma Seamsubuqa qarTuli eklesiis 

mdgomareoba. zavis dadebamde iveronis berebi ukiduresad Seviwroebulni 

iyvnen. zavis Semdeg imperatori romanozi iveronis winamZRvar 

giorgi I-is (1012-1030) mimarT megobrulad ganewyo, magram es megobroba 

didxans ar gagrZelebula, anu gagrZelda manamde, sanamdec bizantiasa da 

saqarTvelos Soris megobrul-moyvruli damokidebuleba iyo. bizantieli 

`keisris qali~, bagrat IV-is meuRle, male gardaicvala _ qorwilis Semdegve: 

`...Semdgomad mciredisa Jamisa miicvala elene dedofali quTaTiss 

Sina da SeirTo colad bagrat mefeman borena dedofali _ ovsT mefisa 

asuli~. 72 bizantiis damokidebuleba saqarTvelosadmi kvlav daiZaba. giorgi 

mTawmideli iverTa monastris winamZRvris Sesaxeb wers: `JamTa romanoz 

mefisaTa didad warCinebul iqna giorgi winaSe romanoz mefisa da didad 

sakuTar da pativcemul merme... gandgomilebaA da orguloba daswames... amis 

mizezisaTYs eqsoria-iqmna~. 73 am dros, daaxloebiT 1031_33 wlebSi `...didsa 

Relvasa da mimotacebasa STavcYveniT, rameTu samgzis daityuena monasteri 

da, raAca dristi turfaA iyo mamaTa CuenTa mogebuli, yoveli iavar-iqmna, da 

egreTve ganZi da kumaSi~ 74 iverTa monastris winamZRvrad im dros airCies 

beri grigoli, berZnebma isic daapatimres da gadaasaxles, ris Semdegac 

qarTvelTa mdgomareoba monasterSi savalalo gaxda: `...Jami poves berZenTa, 

da viTarca cecxlni aRegznnes Cuen zeda da sruliad aRmofxuraA Cueni 

eneba da dapyroba samkYdrebelisa CuenisaA~. 75 amis Semdeg iveronis winamZRvari 

gaxda giorgi II. 1035 wels winamZRvari giorgi II xels awers Teoktist 

protosis aqtze _ aTonis mTis erT-erT saqmian qaRaldze. 76 

am dros damokidebuleba bizantia-saqarTvelos Soris kvlav daZabulia. 

`male bizantiam isev daiwyo mtruli moqmedeba saqarTvelos winaaRmdeg,


jafariZe 

1032 wels, bizantielebi SeuCndnen bagratis naxevarZma demetres, isic 

keisarTan gaiqca da anakofiis cixe afxazeTSi berZnebs gadasca~. 77 winamZRvar 

giorgi II-s qarTveli berebi ùkeTurs~ uwodebdnen, radganac is iseve 

iqceoda, rogorc winamZRvari giorgi I. `..giorgi ukeTuri, araAT umolxinesi 

pirvelisa mis giorgisi~. 78 

am dros, daaxloebiT 1035-1036 wlebSi, qarTvelebisaTvis ukve mwvalebloba-eretikosoba 

dauwamebiaT da fizikurad scemdnen kidec. mematiane 

wers: `...didsa Wirsa Sina YyveniT da sawunel da saZulel maTda. da 

TYToeulad arca Tu SesaZlebel ars yovlisave warmoTqumaA, ravdenni 

ginebani, ravdenni Seuracxebani da yuedrebani moiweodes maT mier Cuen 

zeda dRiTi-dRe; da cemiTa da guemiTa da mwvalebelad xadiTa Seiwrebulni 

disa urvasa Sina viyveniT. da eseca eneba, raATamca saxelica maSenebelTaA 

aRmohKoces~. 79 

daaxloebiT 1036-1040 wlebSi iveronis berebze mzrunveli winamZRvrebi 

arian `netari mama grigoli~ da `netari arseni~. am wlebSi iveronidan 

saqarTveloSi mravalgzis agzavnian berebs mefe-mTavrebTan SewevnisaTvis. 

erT-erTi gavleniani didi mTavari saqarTvelosi, romelic karg damokidebulebaSi 

iyo bizantielebTan, iyo lipariti. is exmareboda iveronis berebs 

da TviTonac berad aRikveca. giorgi mTawmidels, mematianis azriT, 

wignis gadaweris saqmeSi, 1055-56 wlebSi, yvelaze metad xeli swored am 

pirma Seuwyo: ùfroAs yovelTaAsa didad iRvawa suliTa kurTxeulman 

antoni _ liparit-yofilman... wmidasa amas bersa didad pativ-upyra da 

nugeSinis-sca da mSvenieri qeba-galoba dawera...~. 80 manamde ki, 1030-40 wleb- 

Si Zalze gavlenian liparits kargi damokidebuleba hqonda rogorc bizantiis 

imperatorebTan, aseve bagrat IV-sTan. Cans, li paritis gavleniT 

imperator miqael IV-is (1034-41) dros iveronis berebis mdgomareoba odnav 

gaumjobesebula, magram mcire xniT: `...RmerTman yovlad Zlierman, saxierebiTa 

TvisiTa lmobier-yo guli miqael qristes-moyvarisa mefisa da wyalobad 

Cuenda moaqcia...~ 81 

1039-40 wlebSi bagrat IV-m zavi dado amirasTan. am ambavma lipariti 

didad aRaSfoTa. `Seiqmna li parit qvegamxedvarad Tavis patronisagan~. 82 

bizantiam myisve gamoiyena Tavisi erTguli liparitis ukmayofileba. mdgomareoba 

kvlav daiZaba, ris gamoc 1040-41 wlebSi miqael V-is dros 

(1041-42) `kvalad aRetynes Cven zeda berZenni da mTa yoveli aRZres, 

didebulni yovelni gandriknes~, 83 magram miqael mefes qarTvelTa mxare 

dauWeria, SesaZloa, liparitis gavleniT. 

mematianis mier Tqmuli `mTa yoveli aRZres~ gulisxmobs imas, rom mTeli 

mTawmidis berebi qarTvelTa winaaRmdeg aRZrulan. es gvafiqrebinebs, rom 

qarTvelebs, marTlac, mwvaleblobas, anu marTlmadideblobisagan gandrekas 

abralebdnen, sxva SemTxvevaSi mTeli mTawmida erTi monastris sawinaaRmdegod 

ar aRiZvroda.


istoria 

585 

1041-42 wlebSi iverTa monastris winamZRvaria mama svimeoni. 84 mis dros 

iveroni SedarebiT damSvidebuli iyo, magram gadataniliT SeWirvebul qarTvel 

berebs `JamTa svimeon mamisaATasa~, 85 dauweriaT mosaxsenebeli, sadac wyevlian 

yvela Sinagamcem qarTvels. maT es sabuTi SudgeniaT ara marto 

Tavisi, aramed bizantiis imperiaSi mcxovrebi yvela qarTveli beris saxeliTac. 

Cans, bizantiaSi mcxovrebi yvela qarTveli beri erT dReSi iyo, 

qarTvelebi yvelgan idevnebodnen: `...erTiTa erTobiTa amas vityYi viTarca 

erTisa piriTa yovelTa qarTvelTa Tana, romelni sadaca arian aRmosavle- 

Tisa da Savisa mTisa da ierusalemisaTa da sadaca arian Zmani Cuenni~. 

mTel imperiaSi qarTuli eklesia devnilia; igi bizantiis imperiasTan 

mebrZoli xalxis eklesiaa, amitomac miiCneva `mwvalebelTa~ eklesiad; misi 

avtokefalia saeWvoa, sapatriarqo Rirseba _ miuRebeli, xolo am eklesiis 

wevrebi _ devnili. 

qarTuli eklesiis sapatriarqo Rirsebis 

aRiareba 1054-1057 wlebSi 

X saukunis Sua wlebidan bizantiis imperia, ganicdida ra aRmavlobas, 

saqarTvelosa da misi eklesiis mimarT amJRavnebda agresiul zraxvebs. 

swored am periodSi man arabebs waarTva zemo mesopotamia, mcire aziis 

nawili, siria, kreta da kvi prosi; 1018 wels daipyro dasavleT bulgare- 

Tis samefo; mas emoCileboda, agreTve, balkaneTis naxevarkunZuli dunaimde. 

aseTi Zlierebis dros imperiam Tavis gverdiT ver igua saqarTvelos 

gaerTianebuli samefo da misi sapatriarqo. 

XI saukunis meore naxevarSi sruliad Seicvala bizantiis rogorc sagareo, 

ise saSinao mdgomareoba. am dros imperia kriziss ganicdida. gamwvavda 

brZola qveynis SigniT provinciel didebulebsa da dedaqalaqis 

warCinebulebs Soris. gauaresda imperiis sagareo politikuri mdgomareoba. 

mTavrobas erTdroulad uxdeboda paWanikebisa da Turq-seljukebis 

mogerieba. 1071 wels mancikertis brZolaSi bizantiis damarcxebis Semdeg 

Turq-seljukebma mcire aziis didi nawili miitaces, didi danaklisi ganicada 

bizantiam dasavleTSic. 86 

swored amiT iyo gamowveuli, rom XI saukunis 50-ian wlebSi bizantiis 

imperiam gadasinja Tavisi damokidebuleba saqarTvelos saxelmwifosadmi, 

radganac msoflio politikis arenaze gamosulma axalma Zalam _ Turqulma 

tomebma, mkveTrad Secvala saerTaSoriso viTareba. am tomebma gadalekes 

bizantiis aRmosavleTi qveynebi, dai pyres irani, xelSi Caigdes somxe- 

Tis udidesi nawili, Seesivnen da daipyres bizantiis qalaqebi da dasaxldnen 

iq. yvelaferi es xdeboda sul ramdenime aTwleulis ganmavlobaSi, 

XI saukunis dasawyisidan, ris gamoc 1074 wlis xelSekrulebiT biza-


jafariZe 

tielebma aRmosavleTis qveynebis udidesi nawili, romelic maT mflobelobaSi 

imyofeboda, Turq-seljukebs dauTmes. 

Turq-seljukebi bizantiis imperias walekviT emuqrebodnen. XI saukunis 

50-ian wlebSi es ukve naTlad gamoikveTa, amitomac, Tu am dromde bizantia 

varaudobda, rom Turqebs TviTve gaumklavdeboda da moigeriebda mis Semotevas, 

axla ukve naTeli gaxda, rom bizantias sWirdeboda Tavis mezoblad 

Zlieri qristianuli saxelmwifo, romelic imperias daicavda CrdiloeTisa 

da aRmosavleTis mxridan araqristian TurqTa Semotevisagan. es 

iyo mizezi saqarTvelos mimarT bizantiis damokidebulebis Secvlisa. Tu 

XI saukunis dasawyisSi bizantia eomeboda da asustebda saqarTvelos, 50iani 

wlebidan is momxrea saqarTvelos gaZlierebisa. aman gadawyvita mTavar 

li parit erisTavis bedi, rogorc politikuri moRvawisa, romelsac 

Tavis droze imperia aZlierebda saqarTvelos samefos daZabunebis mizniT. 

brZola bagrat IV-sa da erisTav li parits Soris 10 welze met xans 

gagrZelda. liparitma berZnebis daxmarebiT Zalze daasusta saqarTvelos 

mefe, miuxedavad amisa, saqarTvelos saxelmwifo Zlierdeboda da far- 

Tovdeboda. 1045 wels mas anisi SeuerTda. `...ganZlierda bagrat mefe ... 

anisi mosces dedasa bagratisasa~, 87 1046 wels saxelmwifos droebiT Tbilisic 

SeuerTda. 

liparitTan omSi dauZlurebulma bagrat IV-m gadawyvita bizantiasTan 

Serigebisa da samSvidobo molaparakebisaTvis TviTve Casuliyo konstantinopolSi. 

mas Tan axlda dedamisi mariami _ saxelovani diplomati. am 

dros imperatori iyo konstantine monomaxi (1042-1055). 

konstantine monomaxs qarTveli mefe da dedofali didebiTa da pativiT 

miuRia, magram bagrat IV 3 wlis manZilze ukan ar gamouSves. `...dayo mun 

sami weliwadi didsa didebasa da pativsa Sina~. 88 

giorgi mTawmidelis cxovrebidan Cans, rom konstantine monomaxTan bagrat 

IV-sa da mariam dedofals Zalze axlo, TiTqmis ojaxuri urTierToba aqvT. 

imperatori am dros konstantinopolSi myof giorgi mTawmidelis mimarTac 

kargad iyo ganwyobili. mefem misi TxovniT iveronis mTavari taZari tyviiT 

gadaaxurvina. 

axal epoqaSi bizantias sWirdeboda erTguli, masze damokidebuli, misi 

gavlenis qveS myofi qveyana. Turqebis gamoCenis gamo bizantiasTan dazaveba 

saqarTvelos interesebsac Seadgenda. 

samwliani molaparakeba 1054-1057 wlebSi damTavrda samSvidobo zaviT, 

romelic aRarasodes darRveula Semdgom saukuneTa manZilze. amis Semdeg 

saqarTvelosa da bizantiis urTierTdamokidebuleba megobrulia da gansxvavdeba 

XI saukunis I naxevrisagan, rodesac 1021 wels dawyebuli omi, 

1030-1031 wlebamde mimdinareobda da gaxsnili iyo fronti samxreT saqarTveloSi. 

maSin bizantia exmareboda saqarTvelos erTianobis mtrebs.


istoria 

587 

liparits yoveli SebrZolebisas mefis, bagrat IV-is, winaaRmdeg imperia 

uWerda mxars: `...berZenTa mefisa ganZi da laSqari Semwe iyo~, 89 anda 

liparitma `...naxa berZenTa mefe, da moirTo berZenTa mefisagan Zali...~ 90 

magram zavis dadebisa da bagratis saqarTveloSi dabrunebisTanave, lipariti 

Seipyres da dasajes. molaparakebis Semdeg berZnebi mas aRar exmarebodnen. 

TviTon bagrat IV ki konstantinopolma `...wamoavlina didiTa didebiTa 

da niWiTa~. 

molaparakebas, romelsac awarmoebda bagrat IV konstantinopolSi, gansakuTrebuli 

mniSvneloba hqonda saqarTvelos sapatriarqosaTvis. saqarTvelos 

saxelmwifos meTaurTa mizani molaparakebis dros bizantiasa da 

saqarTvelos Soris urTierTobis normalizaciis garda iyo saqarTvelos 

eklesiis sapatriarqo uflebebis cnoba, rogorc bizantiis saxelmwifos, 

aseve konstantinopolis sapatriarqos mier. 

saqarTvelos delegacia molaparakebisas friad warmomadgenlobiTi iyo. 

konstantinopolSi `bagrat afxazTa mefe da deda misi mariam~ CabrZandnen 

`mTavrebisa da warCinebulebis~ TanxlebiT. delegacias saeklesio saqmeebic 

unda moegvarebina, amitomac aTonis mTidan Camovida im drois yvelaze 

didi avtoriteti eklesiisa _ giorgi mTawmideli, romelmac monawileoba 

miiRo delegaciis muSaobaSi: `mas Jamsa odes RvTismsaxuri bagrat afxazTa 

mefe da deda misi mariam dedofali samefod qalaqad movides, aRvida 

wmidaca ese mama Cueni winaSe RvTismsaxurTa maT mefeTada~. 91 

pirveli warmateba, rasac delegaciam miaRwia, iyo is, rom Sewyda qarTveli 

berebis sastiki devna konstantinopolis sapatriarqoSi, kerZod ki, 

iveronSi. am dros giorgi mTawmidelma `yovelive saqme monastrisa, raAca 

undoda, yoveli keTilad iurva...~ 92 

bizantiis saimperatoro kari, gansxvavebiT konstantinopolisa da sxva 

sapatriarqoTagan, principulad arasodes yofila winaaRmdegi qarTuli 

eklesiis sapatriarqo eklesiad gamocxadebisa. 

wina wlebSi, bizantiisa da saqarTvelos, rogorc mSvidobian, ise daZabul 

periodebSic, imperatorebi iRebdnen da Rirseul pativs scemdnen saqarTvelos 

pirvel kaTalikos-patriarq melqisedek I-s. 1054-57 wlebis molaparakebis 

dros saqarTvelos sapatriarqo ukve TiTqmis naxevari saukunis istorias 

iTvlida; saukunis dasawyisidan qarTul eklesias patriarqebi marTavdnen. 

amitomac, im dros qarTuli eklesiis Tavisuflebisa da damoukideblobis 

aRiareba TavisTavad niSnavda faqtobrivad ukve arsebuli sapatriarqo Rirsebis 

iuridiul cnobas. saqarTvelos es moTxovna bizantiis mxares gauTvaliswinebia 

da daukmayofilebia. 

konstantine monomaxis dros, 1054 wels, antioqiaSi petres patriarqobisas, 

delegaciis ori wevri, mariam dedofali da giorgi mTawmideli, saeklesio 

sakiTxebze molaparakebisaTvis konstantinopolidan gaemgzavrnen antioqiisa 

da ierusalimis sapatriarqoebSi.


jafariZe 

konstantine monomaxi dainteresebuli iyo dadebiTad gadaWriliyo yoveli 

sadavo da maT Soris saeklesio sakiTxi or qveyanas Soris. amitomac 

man `sameufo brZaneba~ gagzavna antioqiaSi. 

mariam dedofalma antioqiis sapatriarqo karze winaswar waradgina 

giorgi mTawmideli, romelsac unda Seemzadebina sapatriarqo kari delegaciis 

misaRebad. 

imperatoris miTiTebiT antioqiis sapatriarqoSi mariam dedofali samefo 

didebiT miiRes. patriarq petre III-s dedofalma warugdgina imperatoris 

sagangebo miTiTeba. antioqiis patriarq petre III-Tan molaparakebis 

Semdeg dedofali ierusalimis sapatriarqoSi unda gamgzavrebuliyo. amis 

Sesaxeb icoda imperatorma da dedoflis usafrTxo mgzavrobisaTvis zrunva 

daavala antioqiis patriarq petre III-s. `...mariam dedofali, deda bagratis 

mefisa sameufoAT qalaqad antioqiad movida... aqunda brZaneba sameufo 

Tavadsa Tana da patriarqsa antioqiisa...~, xolo amis Semdeg `...eguleboda 

warsvla wmidad qalaqad ierusalimad...~ nabrZanebi iyo, rom antioqiis 

sapatriarqodan is `...yovliTa didebiTa da pativiTa wargzavnon~. 93 

qarTuli delegaciis wevrebi antioqia-ierusalimSi rom Cavidnen molaparakebisaTvis, 

iqidanac Cans, rom antioqiis patriarq petre III-s giorgi 

mTawmidelTan sagangebo saubrebi hqonda `kanonTaTYs saeklesioTa~ da agreTve 

`sarwmunoebisaTYs marTlisa~. Tu gaviTvaliswinebT qarTuli eklesiis imdroindel 

devnas, saubari swored mis sxvadasxva uflebebs Seexeboda. 

swored antioqiis patriarq petre III-is dros qarTuli eklesiis sxvadasxva 

uflebis aRiareba cnobili iyo mravali ucxoeli mkvlevarisTvis. magaliTad, 

XVII saukunis ierusalimeli patriarqebis Tanaxmad, antioqiis sapatriarqom 

avtokefalia mianiWa qarTul eklesias. magram maTi msjeloba qarTuli 

eklesiis istoriis mcodneTaTvis sruliad miuRebelia, radganac, rogorc 

dosiTeosi, ise xrisanfi fiqroben, rom petre III-is dros avtokefalia miiRo 

aRmosavleT saqarTvelos eklesiam, xolo dasavleT saqarTvelos eklesias 

igive uflebebi ganumtkicda gacilebiT adre, VIII saukuneSio. 94 

sinamdvileSi araTu aRmosavleT saqarTvelos, aramed mTliani saqarTvelos 

(mcxeTis) eklesia, antioqiis sapatriarqosTan mokamaTe giorgi mTawmidelis 

Tanaxmad, avtokefaluri iyo mociqulTa mier daarsebisTanave, I-II 

saukuneebidan. giorgi mTawmidelis azriT, qarTul eklesias ar esaWiroeba 

aravisagan avtokefaliis dasturi, piriqiT, samociqulo qarTuli eklesia 

Tavad iyo ucxoeTis eklesiaTa episkoposebis makurTxebeli, magaliTad, gu- 

TeTis episkoposisa ioanesi VIII saukuneSi. 

XI saukunes, mravali mkvlevari qarTuli eklesiisaTvis avtokefaliis 

miniWebis saukuned Tvlis, radganac ician, rom am dros antioqiaSi petre 

III-is patriarqobisas Catarda kreba, romelmac aRiara qarTuli eklesiis 

ufleba, magram am dros qarTul eklesias avtokefalia ki ar mianiWes,


istoria 

589 

aramed aRiares misi sapatriarqo Rirseba. aseTi azri jer kidev adreve 

gamouTqvamT, magaliTad, korolevskis, romelTan dakavSirebiTac sardeli 

mitropoliti maqsime wers: àntioqiis eklesiis mier qarTuli eklesiis 

mimarT avtokefaliis gansazRvra warmoiSva im mizeziT, rom erT-erTma 

kaTalikosma TviTneburad miikuTvna patriarqis pativi~. 95 

cxadia, qarTuli eklesiis avtokefaliis aRiareba TavisTavad niSnavda 

ukve arsebuli sapatriarqo Rirsebis cnobas, magram 1054-1057 wlebSi bizantiis 

sapatriarqoebSi Catarebuli krebebi Seexeboda ara qarTuli eklesiis 

avtokefaliis aRiarebas, aramed am krebebze gadawyda, Sewyvetiliyo qarTuli 

eklesiis ukanono devna, qarTveli berebis aramarTlmadideblebad da mwvaleblebad 

gamocxadeba. krebebma aRiares qarTuli eklesiis yvela ufleba, 

romelic ki mas gaaCnda winaT, am devnis dawyebamde, maT Soris sapatriarqo 

Rirsebac. 

antioqiaSi molaparakebis Sedegebma qarTvel di plomatebs uCvena, rom 

aRar iyo saWiro ierusalimSi umaRlesi xelisuflis _ dedofal mariamis 

gamgzavreba. ierusalimis sapatriarqoSi giorgi mTawmidelis Casvlac sakmarisi 

aRmoCenila. patriarqma petre III-m sTxova dedofal mariams, ar 

gamgzavrebuliyo mahmadianebis mier dapyrobil qalaqSi: `...patriarqman da 

mTavarman ganizraxes da gaigones TanazraxviTa mamisa giorgisaTa, viTarmed 

_ àra keTil ars, aRmosavleTisa mefeTa deda raATamca sasarkinozeTs 

warvida _ vinaATgan codvaTa CuenTagan igini ufleben queyanasa mas~. 96 

patriarqma petre III-m da antioqiis mTavarma TavianTi Txovna `...moaxsenes 

dedofalsa da wasvlisagan daacxvres...~ 97 

ierusalimSi saeklesio sakiTxebze molaparakebisaTvis gaemgzavra giorgi 

mTawmideli, mariam dedofalma amasTanave giorgi mTawmidelis xeliT 

didZali Tanxa-Sewirulebani gagzavna _ daafinansa jvris qarTuli monastris 

mSeneblobac. 

giorgi mTawmideli ierusalimSi `mSvidobiTa da uvneblad miiwia~, Sexvda 

eklesiis mamebs, `wmidaTa mamaTa locva miiRo~. 

giorgi mTawmidelis dabrunebis Semdeg antioqiasa da ierusalimSi molaparakebebis 

SedegebiT mariam dedofali Rrmad kmayofili yofila, delegaciis 

warmatebebma `RvTismsaxuri igi dedofali ganamxiarula~. 

antioqiis sapatriarqoSi vizitis Semdeg mariam dedofali saqarTvelo- 

Si dabrunda _ `...mamulad TYsad sameufod Zisa TYsisa Tana bagrat mefisa 

warvida~. 98 

giorgi mTawmideli darCa antioqiaSi da gaagrZela molaparakeba patriarq 

petre III-sTan. am wmida mamis antioqiaSi darCena miznad isaxavda 

qarTuli eklesiis sakiTxebis safuZvlian da saboloo mogvarebas antioqiis 

sapatriarqoSi. giorgi aTonelma es SeZlo 1056-57 wlebSi. 

Seqmnili rTuli viTarebis gamo msoflio qristianoba dasustebuli iyo, 

ramac 1054 wels gamoiwvia romisa da konstantinopolis mimdgom berZnul


jafariZe 

eklesiebs Soris ganxeTqileba. amas Tan daerTo muslimanTa Semosevebi 

aRmosavleTidan. ganxeTqileba da dabneuloba sufevda berZnul sapatriarqoTa 

Sorisac, aseve erTmaneTs ewinaaRmdegebodnen bizantiis imperator- 

Ta kari da konstantinopolis patriarqi. aseT dros sapatriarqoebSi xSirad 

iRebdnen urTierTgamomricxav dadgenilebebs, amitomac mosalodneli iyo 

mariam dedofalTan Sexvedrisas miRebuli dadgenileba antioqiis sapatriarqoSi 

Secvliliyo. aseT viTarebaSi giorgi mTawmideli xSirad xvdeba 

antioqiis patriarq petres. `...euwya moqalaqoba misi netarsa patrearqsa 

antioqiisasa, mouwoda da ezraxa saRmToTa werilTagan mraval-saxed: pirvelad 

sarwmunoebisaTYs marTlisasa da kanonTaTYs saeklesioTa...~ 99 

giorgi mTawmidelsa da petre III-s hqondaT msjeloba `saeklesio kanon- 

Ta~ Sesaxeb. saeklesio kanonebSi Sedis mravali saeklesio sakiTxi, maT 

Soris sakiTxi romelime eklesiis sapatriarqo eklesiad wodebis Rirsebis 

Sesaxeb. im dros qarTuli sapatriarqo Tavisi arsebobis TiTqmis naxevar 

saukunes iTvlida. amitomac Seqmnili situaciis gaTvaliswinebiT unda 

vigulisxmoT, rom `saeklesio sakiTxebze~ msjelobisas saubari exeboda 

ara romelime ganyenebul, aramed aqtualur Temas. uTuod wmida mama giorgi 

icavda saqarTvelos sapatriarqos Rirsebas. moRweul wyaroTa gaanalizebis 

Sedegad, Cven SegviZlia vTqvaT, rom saubrebi ar Seexeboda qarTuli 

eklesiis avtokefaliis sakiTxs, radganac giorgi mTawmidelis Tanaxmad, 

qarTuli eklesia avtokefaluri iyo mociqulTa mier misi daarsebisTanave 

I-II saukuneebidan. is avtokefaliis sakiTxze msjelobisas Zalze lakonur, 

mokle da amomwurav pasuxebs aZlevda da am Temaze ar saubrobda xangr- 

Zlivad. amitomac, petre III-sTan misi xangrZlivi saubrebi swored qarTuli 

eklesiis sapatriarqo Rirsebas Sexeboda. garda amisa, maT msjeloba hqoniaT 

`marTali sarwmunoebis~ Sesaxeb. im droisaTvis, TiTqmis 30 wlis man- 

Zilze, berZnebs eWvi SehqondaT qarTvelebis marTlmadideblobaSi. 

giorgi mTawmidels, mas Semdeg, rac petre III daurwmunebia, rom qarTuli 

sapatriarqos Seqmna ar ewinaaRmdegeboda `saeklesio kanonebs~ da rom am 

axali sapatriarqos SeqmniT ar darRveula `marTali sarwmunoeba~, antioqiis 

patriarqi TavisTan iaxloebs. patriarqi moxiblula giorgi mTawmidelis 

sulieri simaRliTa da codniT, amitomac is antioqiis sapatriarqos 

saqmeebis mogvarebasac ki qarTvel bers andobda, Tavis pirad cxovrebasac 

mas uziarebda: `...yoveli cxovreba Tvisi mas Sehvedra da mas hkiTxavn 

gulisityuaTa da yovelsave saeklesioTa saqmeTa~. 100 petre III Zlieri `siyvaruliTa 

da sarwmunoebiTa aRsavse~ yofila giorgi mTawmidelis mimarT. 

antioqiis mTavari taZris dawvis Semdeg, Zlier damwuxrebul patriarq 

petre III-isTvis erTaderTi uaxloesi megobari da nugeSinismcemeli giorgi 

mTawmideli yofila. `...swavliTa sulieriTa yoveli mwuxareba da glova 

misi ganaqarva~. madlier patriarqs berisTvis uTqvams: ùkueTumca siwmide


istoria 

591 

Seni ara momaSural iyo, hoi wmidao mamao kninRamca da mwuxarebaTa mier 

jojoxeTad STasul iyo suli Cemi~. 101 

antioqiis patriarq petre III-sa da giorgi mTawmidelis aseT damokidebulebas 

gansakuTrebuli mniSvneloba aqvs qarTuli eklesiis sapatriarqo 

Rirsebis aRiarebis drois gansazRvrisaTvis. swored antioqiis patriarqis 

petre III-is dros antioqiis sapatriarqom iuridiulad cno qarTuli sapatriarqos 

faqtobrivi arseboba. amis Sesaxeb arsebobs arapirdapiri monacemebi, 

cnobilma kanonistma balsamonma icis is, rac mas mousmenia: àmboben, 

rom maSin, rodesac RvTaebrivi qalaqis, didi antioqiis uwmides 

patriarqad iyo ufali petre, gamotanili iqna krebis dadgenileba, rom 

iqnes Tavisufali da avtokefaluri eklesia iberiisa, romelic maSin eqvemdebareboda 

antioqiis patriarqs~. 102 

mkvlevarebi varaudoben, rom radganac balsamons es ambavi mousmenia, 

amitomac es kreba balsamonamde arcTu didi xnis winaT Catarebula, radganac 

am moRvawis uaxloesi patriarqi petres saxeliT iyo petre III. amitomac 

miiCneven, rom balsamonis mier aRwerili kreba gulisxmobs 1056 wlis 

krebas. 381 wlis msoflio krebis me-2 kanonis komentaris dros balsamoni 

wers ramdenime eklesiis da maT Soris iberiis eklesiis avtokefaliis 

Sesaxeb. balsamonis Tanaxmad, romis imperiaSi IV saukunisaTvis avtokefaluri 

iyo yvela provinciisa da diocezis eklesia, e.i. balsamonis Tanaxmad, 

romis imperiaSi 100-mde avtokefaluri eklesia iyo, radganac aseTive 

iyo provinciaTa ricxvi. 103 ìstoria naTelyofs, rom II msoflio krebis 

dros TavisTavadni, avtokefalurni iyvnen eklesiebi romis yvela provinciaSi 

Tu ara (aseTi provincia iyo 100), yovel SemTxvevaSi, imperiis 14 

diocezSi mainc (imperiaSi 14 diocezi iyo). 104 

balsamonis Tanaxmad, iberiis eklesia avtokefaluri iyo IV saukuneSive, 

radganac misi azriT, yvela saxelmwifoebrivi erTeulis eklesia am droisaTvis 

avtokefaluri iyo. TviT imperiaSic ki, provinciaTa eklesiebi avtokefalurni 

iyvnen, miT umetes, imperiis gareT myofi damoukidebeli saxelmwifos 

eklesia avtokefaluria. II msoflio krebis me-2 kanonic imperiis gareT 

myof `barbarosuli~ qveynebis eklesiebs avtokefalias aniWebda: `...xolo 

barbarozebrTa warmarTTa Soris myofTa eklesiaTa RmrTisaTa gangebaA jer 

ars mamaTa mier damtkicebulisaebr Cveulebisa~, 105 es kanoni saerTod eklesiaTa 

erTmaneTisagan damoukideblobasa da avtokefalias icavda. 

Cans, balsamons iberiis eklesia avtokefalur eklesiad miaCnda II msoflio 

krebis droisaTvis, amitomac am krebis me-2 kanonis komentirebisas is 

wers qarTuli eklesiis avtokefaliis Sesaxeb. miuxedavad amisa, man icis, 

rom antioqiis patriarq petres dros am sapatriarqos krebam imsjela 

qarTuli eklesiis avtokefaliis Sesaxeb. mas ar SeeZlo efiqra, rom qarTul 

eklesias avtokefalia mianiWa petre III-m, radganac misi azriT, XI saukuneSi


jafariZe 

qarTuli eklesiis avtokefalia ukve iTvlida ramdenime saukunes. magram 

balsamons gaugonia, rom XI saukuneSi antioqiis sapatriarqoSi Catarebula 

raRac kreba, romelsac qarTuli eklesiis erTi raRac ufleba iuridiulad 

ucvnia. marTlac, 1056 wels petre III-is dros Catarebulma antioqiis 

saeklesio krebam aRiara qarTuli eklesia WeSmaritad marTlmadidebelTa 

eklesiad, amitomac Sewyvita qarTuli eklesiisa da misi berebis devna. 

garda amisa, am dros aRiarebul iqna qarTuli eklesiis yvela ufleba, maT 

Soris sapatriarqo Rirsebac. 

petre III-is dros Catarebuli saeklesio krebis Sesaxeb mravali istorikosi 

miuTiTebs. mravals es kreba miaCnia qarTuli eklesiisaTvis avtokefaliis 

miniWebis krebad, rac arasworia. am krebam Sewyvita qarTuli eklesiis 

30-wliani ukanono devna da aRiara misi uflebebi. 

am krebis Semdeg petre III-s didxans ar ucocxlia. is 1057 wels 

gardaicvala. giorgi mTawmideli Sexvda axal patriarq Teodores (Teodosi) 

(1057-1076). am dros bizantia-saqarTvelos Soris samwliani sazavo 

molaparakeba (1054-57 wlebisa) jer kidev damTavrebuli ar iyo da qarTveli 

mefe bagrat IV jer kidev konstantinopolSi imyofeboda, Tumca bizantiis 

samefo karma 1054 welsve ineba Sewyvetiliyo qarTuli eklesiis sazogado 

devna, rac daadastura 1056 wlis antioqiis krebam. magram am devnis 

recidivebi 1057 wlisaTvis mainc arsebobda, radganac qarTvelebs mwvaleblobas, 

kerZod ki, monofizitur mwvaleblobas swamebdnen da TiTqmis 30 

wlis manZilze devnidnen. amitomac zavis dadebisas bizantia-saqarTvelos 

Soris molaparakebis periodSi zogjer inerciiT kvlav meordeboda es 

movlenebi. ase momxdara 1057 wels antioqiaSi mdebare svimonwmidis monasterSi, 

sadac berZnebTan erTad qarTvelebic moRvaweobdnen. qarTvelebis 

devna im dros, kerZod 1056 wlis antioqiis krebis Semdeg akrZaluli iyo, 

amitomac TavianT moqmedebas berZnebi ase asabuTebdnen: àr vuwyiT, Tu 

qarTvelni arian anu somexni~, 106 e.i ar viciT diofizitebi arian Tu monofizitebio. 

aq `qarTvelnSi~ da `somexnSi~ igulisxmebian ara erovnebiT qarTvelebi 

da somxebi, aramed sarwmunoebrivad `qarTvelebi~ da sarwmunoebrivad `somxebi~ 

anu diofizitebi (marTlmadideblebi) da monofizitebi (mwvaleblebi). 

marTaliao, ambobdnen svimonwmideli berZnebi, ucxo berebi `...qarTvelebad 

saxel-idebdnen TavTa TYsTa, da ara uwyiT Tu rasa zraxven, anu raA ars 

sarwmunoeba maTi...~ 107 e.i. ucxoeli berebi erovnebiT, marTalia, qarTvelebad 

acxadebdnen Tavian Tavs, magram sarwmunobiT SeiZleba `somexni~ ariano. 

erovnebiT qarTveli, magram sarwmunoebiT `somexi~, anu monofiziti qarTvelebis 

monasterSi saeWvo yofnis Sesaxeb moaxsenes antioqiis axal patriarqs, 

Teodores. is darwmunebuli yofila qarTvelebis marTmadidebloba-diofizitobaSi, 

amitomac am braldebis mosmenas Zlier gauocebia da ukiTxavs: `da 

viTar egebis ese, raTamca qarTvelni ara marTlmadidebelni iyvnes?~ 108


istoria 

593 

magram svimonwmidelebi arwmunebdnen mas da magaliTic mouyvanes: `...verca 

xucesi maTi Jamsa wiravs monastersa Sina Cuensa~, marTlac, Turme im 

dromde mcire xniT adre, avtoris cnobiT, qarTuli wirvis wesi gansxvavebuli 

yofila berZnuli wirvis wesisagan. kerZod, qarTvelebi wiravdnen qalamniTa 

da sabeWuriT, samRvdelo Sesamoslis gareSe. 109 magram ara monofizitobis 

gamo, aramed qarTuli eklesiis gaerovnulebisa da eklesiaSi uZvelesi 

wesebis SemorCenis gamo. aseTi yofila wirvis Zveli wesi, romelic 

berZnuli Targis Sesabamisad, SeusworebiaT XI saukunis dasawyisSi, magram 

saqarTvelos `soflur adgilebSi~ kvlav Zveleburi wesi darCenila. roca 

patriarqs gaugia, rom qarTuli wirvis wesi gansxvavdeboda berZnulisagan 

anu `marTlmadideblurisagan~, Zlier gancvifrebula. gancvifrebuli patriarqisaTvis 

kvlav mravali araswori cnoba miuwvdiaT da daueWvebiaT 

kidec qarTvelTa aramarTlmadideblobaSi. amis mizezi isic yofila, rom 

àxal-Semosuli~ patriarqi `...wuT umecar iyo naTesavisa Cuenisa...~. swored 

am mizeziT sapatriarqo karze miiwvies giorgi mTawmideli. 

patriarqma Teodorem icoda, rom giorgi mTawmideli antioqiaSi qarTuli 

eklesiisa da mefis wargzavnili diplomati iyo. icis, rom is mefes 

werilebs swers da mefe misi rCevis Sesabamisad iqceva. patriarqi eubneba 

mas: `...gismens mefe Tqueni, ukeTu miuwero da auwyo umjobesi...~. 110 patriarqi 

gaesaubra mas da darwmunda mis Rrma ganswavlulobaSi, ris gamoc Tqva: 

`daRacaTu naTesaviT qarTveli xar, sxviTa kula yovliTa swavlulebiTa 

sruliad berZeni xar~. 111 marTalia, aq `berZeni~ erovnebiT berZens niSnavs, 

magram xSirad `berZeni~ marTlmadideblis identuri iyo. patriarqis azriT, 

giorgi mTawmidels sruli marTlmadidebluri (`berZnuli~) swavla aqvs. 

roca antioqiis patriarqi darwmunda giorgi mTawmidelis marTlmadideblobaSi, 

misca aseTi SekiTxva: `...miTxar naTesavisa SenisaTYs: arsa raA 

naklulevanebaA marTlisa sarwmunoebisa maT Tana, gina urTierTas ganyofilebaA 

marTlisa sarwmunoebisa maT Soris da Cuen Soris?~ 112 

kiTxvidan Cans, rom patriarqi qarTvelebs miiCnevs `marTali sarwmunoebis~ 

mqone erad, magram hgonia, rom qarTvelTa marTlmadideblobas gaaCnia 

raRac nakli da cdilobs gaerkves amaSi, kerZod, xom ar aris TviT qarTvelTa 

Sorisve (ùrTierTas~) sarwmunoebrivi gansxvaveba, anda xom ar gansxvavdeba 

qarTvelTa da berZenTa aRmsarebloba. 

giorgi mTawmindelma warmoTqva mrwamsi, romelsac im dros aRiarebda 

qarTuli eklesia: `...iwyo warmoTqumad marTlisa sarwmunoebisa esreT, romel 

ganakYrva msmenelni...~ 

patriarqi da masTan myofi episkoposebi darwmundnen, rom qarTvelTa 

sarwmunoeba unakloa. patriarqma ganacxada: `...vieTnime naklulevanebasa 

swamebdes qarTvelTa da aha esera mravalTa saxiTa uzeSTaes ipovnes 

Cuensa da ufroAs xolo qalwulebiTa, romeli igi maRlad upyries maT~.. 113


jafariZe 

qarTvelTa marTlmadideblobaSi darwmunebulma patriarqma ciliswamebad 

gamoacxada svimonwmideli berZeni berebis moqmedeba. maT 1056 wlis 

krebis Semdeg akrZaluli hqondaT qarTveli berebis devna, amitomac 1057 

wels maT mier xelaxla aRorZinebuli devnisaTvis isini patriarqma dasaja: 

`xolo patrearqman cudis-mzraxTa maT da amaoTa kacTa sYmeonwmidel- 

Ta friad Sehrisxna da kanonsa queSe saeklesiosa Seyarna da sxuasaca 

mravalsa ZYrsa uTqumida~. 114 

Tu, 1054 wlamde, mTeli bizantiis imperiaSi qarTveli berebis devna 

bunebrivad iTvleboda, 1057 wels igive qmedeba mkacrad isjeba. 

mcire xnis Semdeg antioqiis patriarqi kvlav aRiZra qarTuli eklesiis 

sawinaaRmdegod. axla ukve saqme Seexo ara sarwmunoebriv aRmsareblobas, 

aramed qarTuli eklesiis Tavisufleba-avtokefalias. patriarqs surs, 

gaerkves qarTuli eklesiis sxvadasxva uflebebSi. 

am sakiTxis gasarkvevad kvlav miiwvies giorgi mTawmideli. aqedan Cans, 

rom giorgi mTawmidelis diplomatiuri misia antioqiaSi kvlav grZeldeboda. 

qarTuli eklesiis mowinaaRmdegeebma patriarq Teodosis moaxsenes: 

`viTar ese meufeo, romel eklesiani da mRvdelTmoZRvarni qarTlisani ara 

romlisa patreaqisa xelmwifebasa queSe arian da yovelni saeklesioni 

wesni maT mier ganegebian da TYT daismen kaTalikozTa ebiskopozTa da ara 

samarTal ars ese, rameTu aTormetTa mociqulTagani aravin misrul ars 

queyanasa maTsa da jer ars... raATa xelmwifebasa queSe antioqieli patrearqisas 

imwysodin da aqa ikurTxeodis kaTalikosi maTi da viyvneT Cuen erT 

samwyso da erT mwyems~. 115 

aqedan aSkarad Cans, rom cdebian is mkvlevarebi, romlebic qarTuli 

eklesiis avtokefalias aTariReben XI saukunis 50-iani wlebiT. am droisaTvis 

qarTuli eklesia ar eqvemdebareba arc erT ucxoeTis patriarqs da 

ar aris romelime sapatriarqos xelmwifebis qveS. qarTuli eklesia sruliad 

damoukidebelia da avtokefaluri, rac imiT gamoixateba, rom nebismieri 

saeklesio wesi TviT qarTuli eklesiis mierve ganegeba, TviT qarTveli 

episkoposebi saqarTveloSive irCeven da svamen qarTvel mamamTavars, rac 

patriarqisadmi moxsenebuli cnobidan Cans. 

qarTul eklesias 1056 wels, petre III-is dros rom mieRo avtokefalia, 

1057 wels patriarq Teodosis srulebiT sxvagvarad warudgendnen am 

sakiTxs, kerZod, moaxsenebdnen, rom qarTulma eklesiam erTi wlis win, petre 

III-is dros miiRo avtokefalia, rac Secdoma iyoo. Teodosis dros ki 

qarTuli eklesiis avtokefalia Camoyalibebulia, rac Cans avtoris monaTxrobidan. 

garda amisa, avtori, marTalia, sakmaod dawvrilebiT saubrobs petre 

III-is Sesaxeb, magram arafers ambobs mis mier qarTuli eklesiisaTvis 

avtokefaliis miniWebaze. 

is, rac patriarq Teodosis moaxsenes qarTuli eklesiis avtokefaliis 

Sesaxeb, mTlianad emTxveva `qarTlis cxovrebaSi~ moTavsebul, qarTuli


istoria 

595 

eklesiis mdgomareobis VII saukuniT daTariRebul aRweras. VII saukunis 

bolos qarTuli eklesiis avtokefalia yofila aseTi saxisa: `...kaTalikozi 

qarTlisa xelqveiT ara ars patriaqTa da ara ikurTxevian patriaqTagan, 

aramed TYsisa samwysosa mitrapolitTa da mTavarefiskopozTa da efiskopozTagan 

ikurTxevian, rameTu Tavisufali ars da mociqulTa magieri da 

mociqulTa taxtsa zeda mjdomi da patriaqi~. 116 

qarTuli eklesiis avtokefaliis es gansazRvreba Zalze msgavsia imisa, 

rac patriarq Teodosis moaxsenes. 

XI saukuneSi berZnebs SeuTxzavT Teoria, romlis mixedviTac avtokefaluri 

mxolod is eklesia SeiZleboda yofiliyo, sadac mociqulma iqadaga. 

antioqielTa azriT, saqarTveloSi ar uqadagnia arc erT mociquls, amitomac 

qarTuli eklesia romelime sapatriarqos unda daeqvemdebaros, umjobesia 

antioqiis sapatriarqos, radganac teritoriulad axlosaa 

saqarTvelosTan. aRsaniSnavia, rom ar amboben winaTac antioqias eqvemdebareboda 

qarTuli eklesia da axlac daeqvemdebaroso, aramed teritoriuli 

siaxlove miaCniaT mizezad. 

patriarqma Teodosim giorgi mTawmidels ganucxada: `...jer ars romel 

eklesiani da mRvdelT-moZRuarni Tquenni Kelsa queSe samociqulosa amis 

saydrisasa imwysodin...~, 117 e.i. upriani da samarTliani iqneba qarTuli eklesia 

rom antioqiis samociqulo eklesiis mier imwysebodeso: `...da hmarTebsca 

esreT mizeziTa maxlobelobisaATa da ese Sengan SesaZlebel ars, rameTu 

uwyi, viTarmed gismens mefe Tqueni, ukueTu miuwero da auwyo umjobesi...~ 118 

amis Semdeg patriarqi emuqreba, rom kvlav gaagrZelebs mTel bizantiis 

imperiaSi qarTuli eklesiis devnas: `...xolo ukueTu ara isminos, miuwero 

oTxTave patriaqTa saydris modgamTa CuenTa da vauwyo TYT-rCuloba da 

qedficxloba naTesavisa Tquenisa da viTarmed TYnier samociquloAsa kanonisa 

TYT imwysian da mociqulTagani aravin misrul ars queyanasa maTsa da 

esreT mravalsa Ruawlsa SegTxine vidre ara TYT mefe Tqueni winaSe 

Cuensa movides da xelmwifebasa Cuensa daemorCilos~. 119 

e.i. im SemTxvevaSi, Tu saqarTvelos mefe ar ganaxorcielebs Sengan miwodebul 

azrs qarTuli eklesiis antioqiaze daqvemdebarebis Sesaxeb, me amas 

msoflios oTxive patrarqs (maT Soris romis papsac gulisxmobs) vauwyeb da 

mivwer, rom qarTveli eri urCia, radganac samociqulo kanonebis nebadaurTvelad 

avtokefalurad acxadebs Tavis eklesias. es ki dauSvebelia, radganac 

arc samociqulo kanonebiT da arc mociqulTa mier es eklesia ar 

daarsebula da iseT saerTaSoriso izolaciaSi movaqcev saqarTvelos da 

iseT devnas daviwyeb qarTuli eklesiisas, rom TviT Tqveni mefe mova Cems 

winaSe da ara marto eklesias damiqvemdebarebs, TviTonac damemorCilebao. 

giorgi mTawmidels Tavis pasuxSi ugunurebad gamoucxadebia antioqiis 

survili qarTuli eklesiis damorCilebisa da ukiTxavs: `...vin-me arian


jafariZe 

ugunurni igi ganmzraxni Senni... raAsaTYs-me esreT advilad Kel-hyav didisa 

amis da maRlisa saqmisa mogonebad da aRsrulebad?~ 120 

`didi da maRali saqme~ qarTuli eklesiis saukunovani avtokefaliisa 

antioqiis patriarq Teodoss àdvilad xeluyvia~, riTac ara marto Tavisi 

ùgunureba~, aramed Tavisi mrCevlebis ùgunurebac~ gaumJRavnebia. 

Zalze didmniSvnelovania azri, romelic qarTuli eklesiis avtokefaliis 

Sesaxeb gamoTqva giorgi mTawmidelma antioqiis patriarqis winaSe. 

giorgi mTawmidelis Tanaxmad, qarTul eklesias avtokefalia arc V saukuneSi 

miuRia, arc VIII-Si da miTumetes, arc XI-Si, aramed qarTuli eklesia 

daarsebisTanave avtokefaluri yofila, radganac igi mociqulTa mier daarsebuli 

da amitomac samociqulo yofila. 121 I-II saukuneebSi mociqulTa mier 

daarsebuli qarTuli samociqulo eklesia daarsebisTanave avtokefaluria, 

amitomac mis avtokefalias arc vinmes dasturi esaWiroeba da arc sxva 

romelime eklesias aqvs qarTul eklesiaze batonobis ufleba. 

giorgi mTawmidelis pasuxi sruliad uaryofs im Tanamedrove mecnierTa 

mosazrebebs, romelnic fiqroben, rom qarTulma eklesiam avtokefalia XI 

saukuneSi miiRo. giorgi mTawmideli patriarqis winaSe imas ki ar ambobs, 

rom qarTul eklesias avtokefalia petre III-m mianiWa 1056 wels, erTi 

wlis wino, aramed medgrad da siamayiT acxadebs _ qarTuli eklesia 

avtokefaluri aris I saukunis bolodan da II saukunis dasawyisidan, radganac 

Cveni eklesia andria pirvelwodebulma daaarsa, xolo simon kananeli 

Cvens qveyanaSi aris dakrZalulio. 

Tavisi mtkicebis dasasabuTeblad giorgi mTawmidelma moiTxova wigni _ 

`mimosvla andrea mociqulisa~. wignis wakiTxvis Semdeg patriarqi da mas- 

Tan myofi episkoposebi darwmundnen, rom qarTuli eklesia dauarsebia 

andria pirvelwodebuls, rac imas niSnavda, rom qarTuli eklesia samociquloa. 

amis Semdeg giorgi mTawmidelma patriarqs uTxra: `wmidao meufeo, 

Sen ityY, viTarmed Tavisa mis mociqulTasa petres saydarsa vzio, xolo 

Cuen pirvelwodebulisa da Zmisa Tvisisa mwodebelisa nawilni varT da 

samwysoni da mis mier moqceulni da ganaTlebulni; da erTi wmida aTormetTa 

mociqulaTagani _ simons vityvi kananelsa, queyanasa Cuensa damarxul ars 

afxazeTs, romelsa nikofsi ewodebis. amaT wmidaTa mociqulTa ganaTlebulni 

varT. da vinaATgan erTi RmerTi gvicnobies, arRara uar-gYyofies da 

arca odes wvalebisa mimarT midrekil ars naTesavi Cueni da yovelTa 

uarismyofelTa da mwvalebelTa SevaCuenebT da davswyevT. amas safuZvelsa 

zeda marTlmadideblobisasa da mcnebaTa da qadagebaTa zeda wmidaTa maT 

mociqulTasa mtkice varT. wmidao meufeo, Suenis esreT, raATa wodebuli igi 

mwodebelsa mas daemorCilos, rameTu petresi jer-ars, raATa daemorCilos 

mwodebelsa TYssa da Zmasa andreas da raATa Tquen Cuen daguemorCilneT~. 122 

giorgi mTawmidelis pasuxi imave logikiT iyo agebuli, rogoriTac patriarqis 

moTxovna. patriarqma ganacxada, saxarebis Tanaxmad, unda iyos


istoria 

597 

erTi mwyemsi da erTi samwyso, radganac antioqiis patriarqi zis mociqul- 

Ta Tavis, wmida petres taxtze. amitomac misi mwyemsmTavrobis qveS unda 

iyos sxva eklesiebic, kerZod ki, qarTuli eklesiao. mTawmidelma upasuxa, 

radganac erTi mwyemsi da erTi samwyso unda arsebobdes, umjobesia, Tqven 

daemorCiloT wmida mociqul andria pirvelwodebulis saydars, radganac 

wmida andriam mouwoda wmida petres, rasac petre daemorCila da ufal 

ieso qristes am mowodebiT daemowafa, amitomac axlac wmida petres taxti 

wmida andrias taxts unda daemorCiloso, anu antioqiis sapatriarqo saqarTvelos 

sapatriarqos unda daemorCiloso. 

aseTi pasuxiT giorgi mTawmidelma agrZnobina antioqiis patriarqs, Tu 

ra araseriozuli da araeklesiuri iyo antioqielTa moTxovna. antioqiis 

sapatriarqoSi jer kidev XI saukuneSi yofila Teoria, romelsac amJamad 

ewodeba àRmosavluri papizmi~. 

amis Semdeg giorgi mTawmidelma ganacxada: `wmidao meufeo, romelni-ege 

Cuen umecarad da subuqad guxedavT da Tavni Tquenni brZen da mZime 

giyofian, iyo Jami, romel yovelsa saberZneTsa Sina marTlmadidebloba ara 

ipoeboda da ioane guTel episkoposi mcxeTas ikurTxa ebiskoposad, vi- 

Tarca sweria didsa svinaqsarsa~. 123 

VIII saukuneSi qarTuli eklesia, am pasuxis Tanaxmad, ara marto avtokefaluria, 

aramed sxva qveynis eklesiis meTaursac ki akurTxebs. aseTi 

ufleba mxolod sapatriarqo eklesiebs hqondaT. 

patriarqi savsebiT daukmayofilebia giorgi mTawmidelis pasuxs da mas- 

Si keTilganwyoba aRuZravs. patriarqs xumrobiT daumTavrebia es Sexvedra 

qarTvel wmida berTan: `...ganiRima patriarqman da hrqua mRdel-moZRuarTa 

maT da ersa: `xedavTa bersa amas viTar marto esodensa simravlesa guerevis? 

ekrZaleniT... ara xolo Tu sityYT, aramed saqmiT guamxilos Zleuleba 

Cueni da dagYmrwemnes da dagumrmelnes~. 124 

aRsaniSnavia, rom am Sekrebis Semdeg araviTari werilobiTi dokumenti 

ar SeudgeniaT qarTuli eklesiis avtokefaliis cnobis Sesaxeb, kreba damTavrda 

xumrobiT, amitomac is mecnierebic cdebian, romelnic varaudoben, rom 

qarTul eklesias avtokefalia mianiWa 1057 wels patriarq Teodosis 

dros zemoT aRwerilma krebam. am Sekrebaze qarTuli eklesiis avtokefaliaze 

iyo saubari. es iyo ara di plomatiuri molaparakeba, aramed 

patriarqis mier qarTuli eklesiis zogadi sakiTxebis garkveva. am dros 

jer kidev ar iyo damTavrebuli 1054-57 wlebis sazavo molaparakeba 

bizantia-saqarTvelos Soris. amitomac, rogorc petre III-is, ise Teodosis 

mier qarTuli eklesiis Sesaxeb simarTlis rkveva sazavo molaparakebis 

dros, bunebrivia. 

1056 wels petre III-is dros antioqiis sapatriarqom aRiara qarTuli 

eklesiis yvela ufleba, maT Soris sapatriarqo Rirsebis ufleba, ris 

Semdegac Sewyda qarTuli eklesiis devna.


jafariZe 

1054-57 wlebis samSvidobo molaparakeba bizantia-saqarTvelos Soris Zalze 

sasargeblo iyo qarTuli eklesiisTvisac. 

qarTuli eklesiis saqmeebis sruli mogvarebis Semdeg giorgi mTawmidelma 

Tavisi diplomatiuri misia amowura antioqiaSi. bagrat IV-sa da 

dedofal mariams surdaT moesminaT antioqiaSi am wmida mamis Sromis 

angariSi: `...raATa namuSakevi igi misi RmrTivmoniWebuli ixilon da aRivsnen 

sixaruliTa~, amitomac maT misweres antioqiis patriarqs Teodosis 

ezruna giorgi mTawmidelis ukan dabrunebaze. `...dawerna wignni patreaqsa 

Tana da duksa antioqiisasa wargzavnisa CuenisaTYs...~ 125 aqedan Cans, rom 

giorgi mTawmideli saxelmwifos wargzavnilia, romelic molaparakebas 

awarmoebs antioqiaSi, radganac mis uflebamosilebaze TviT imperatori da 

mefe zrunavs, antioqiis dukasTan _ `mTavarTan~ erTad (antioqiaSi Casvlis 

dros qarTul delegacias imperatoris werili hqonda: `...aqunda brZanebaA 

sameufoA Tavadsa Tana da patreaqsa antioqiisasa~). 126 

aRsaniSnavia, rom giorgi mTawmidelis biografi giorgi mcire mTlianad 

ar aris informirebuli qarTuli delegaciis vizitis mizezebis Sesaxeb 

antioqiis sapatriarqoSi. SeiZleba mas ar umxeldnen mefesa da imperators 

Soris molaparakebis wvrilmanebs. magaliTad, giorgi mTawmideli 

1055 wels gaTavisuflda iverTa monastris winamZRvrobisagan da 1056 

wels is ukve antioqiaSi molaparakebazea patriarqTan. biografis azriT, 

wmida giorgi winamZRvrobisagan gaTavisuflda, raTa Tavisuflad eTargmna 

wmida werili _ `Targmanebad wmida werilTa~, magram antioqiaSi giorgi 

mTawmideli ar Cerdeba da 1057-58 wlebSi saqarTveloSi Camodis, saidanac 

is maleve brundeba iveronSi. Tu mTawmidelis mizani iyo wignebis Targmnis 

gamo gaTavisufleba winamZRvrobisagan, is unda darCeniliyo antioqiis 

qarTvelTa savaneSi da daewyo es saqmianoba, magram is iq ar rCeba da 

saqarTveloSi miemgzavreba, sadac mTargmnelobiTi moRvaweobisaTvis gacilebiT 

mZime pirobebi iyo, vidre iveronsa da Sav mTaze. aqedan SeiZleba 

davaskvnaT, rom giorgi mTawmideli winamZRvrobisagan gaTavisuflda ara 

marto mTargmnelobiTi moRvaweobisaTvis, aramed amis ZiriTadi mizezi iyo 

moegvarebina qarTuli eklesiis saerTaSoriso mdgomareoba, rac man SesZlo 

1054-57 wlebSi. aseve mariam dedofali ara marto salocavad gaemgzavra 

ierusalimisaken, aramed sqem-monazons qarTuli eklesiis sakiTxebis saboloo 

mogvareba surda, 127 risTvisac Sexvda kidec antioqiis patriarq 

petre III-s. konstantinopolSi ki patriarqs mravaljer Sexvdebodnen es 

wmidanebi bagrat IV-sTan erTad, molaparakebisas konstantine monomaxTan da 

dedofal TeodorasTan. 

1054-57 wlebSi bizantiurma sapatriarqoebma aRiares qarTuli eklesiis 

sruli marTlmadidebloba. zavis dadebis Semdeg Sewyda qarTuli eklesiis 

ukanono devna, sapatriarqoebma cnes qarTuli eklesiis yvela ukve faqto-


istoria 

599 

brivad arsebuli ufleba da maT Soris ufleba _ qarTuli eklesia wodebuliyo 

sapatriarqo eklesiad. 

saqarTvelos sapatriarqos struqtura da 

iurisdiqciis sazRvrebi 

saqarTvelos sapatriarqoSi Sedioda ramdenime sakaTalikoso. `saqarTvelos 

patriarqis iurisdiqciaSi Sedioda marTlmadidebeli somxuri eparqiebi, 

`somxeTis mitropolitis~ meTaurobiT, àfxazeTis~ (dasavleT saqarTvelos) 

anu `biWvintis kaTalikosi~, romelic Tavis mxriv dasavleT saqarTvelos 

calkeul saepiskoposoebs iqvemdebarebda~. 128 saqarTvelos sapatriarqos 

Seqmnis Semdeg sakaTalikosoebi ar gauqmebulan, isini arsebobas 

ganagrZobdnen iseve, rogorc somxur eklesiaSi ramdenime sakaTalikoso 

arsebobs. sakaTalikosoebi erTiani saqarTvelos sapatriarqos arsebobis 

dros iseTive funqcias asrulebdnen, rogorsac asrulebdnen samitropolitoebi 

berZnul sapatriarqoebSi. 

saqarTvelos sapatriarqoSi, wyaroTa Tanaxmad, Sedioda: 1. qarTlis sakaTalikoso; 

2. afxazeTis sakaTalikoso; 3. somxeTis samitropolito; 4. Crdilo 

kavkasiis qristianebi. 

Tavis mxriv, yovel sakaTalikosoSi Sedioda saepiskoposoebi. dasavleT 

saqarTvelos saepiskoposoebi uSualod eqvemdebareboda afxazeTis kaTalikoss, 

aRmosavleT saqarTvelos saepiskoposoebi ki _ qarTlis kaTalikoss. 

qarTlis kaTalikossa da afxazeTis kaTalikoss Soris umcros-ufrosobiTi 

damokidebuleba arsebobda. 

saqarTvelos sapatriarqos meTaurad _ patriarqad yovelTvis qarTlis 

kaTalikoss svamdnen, anu qarTlis kaTalikosi imave dros saqarTvelos 

patriarqi iyo. saqarTvelos sapatriarqos meTaurs oficialurad ewodeboda 

_ `yovlisa saqarTveloAsa patriarqi da qarTlisa kaTalikosi~. 129 qarTlis 

kaTalikosi rom imave dros saqarTvelos patriarqi iyo, amis dasamtkiceblad 

SeiZleba moviyvanoT amonawerebi Zveli dokumentebidan, romelTac 

xels aweren qarTuli eklesiis meTaurebi TavianTi sruli titulaturiT. 

am amonawerebis moyvanamde unda iTqvas, rom sityva `patriarqi~ _ 

Sua saukuneTa saqarTveloSi iTargmneboda da ixmareboda misi qarTuli 

Targmani `mamamTavari~. Zveli aRTqmis patriarqebsac ki saqarTveloSi 

uwodebdnen ara patriarqebs, aramed `mamamTavrebs~. magaliTad, `...mamaTmTavari 

iakob egviptes aRsrulebuli~; `mamaT-mTavarica didi ioseb mona 

iyo~. 130 saqarTvelos sapatriarqos meTaursac zogjer tradiciis Sesabamisad 

uwodebdnen `mamaT-mTavars~ _ qarTul Targmans berZnuli sityva _ 

`patriarqisa~.


jafariZe 

1103 wlis dokumentSi patriarqs ase moixsenieben _ ìovane wmidisa 

kaTalikosisa da yovlisa saqarTveloAsa yovlad Rirsisa mamaT-mTavrisa 

mravalni arian welni~. 131 

VIII saukunis dokumentSia _ `...wmidisa mamaTmTavarsa Cuensa arsenis 

qristes mier qarTlisa kaTalikozsa...~ 132 

1610 wlis _ `yovlisa saqarTveloAsa mamaTmTavarTmTavarman kaTalikozman 

patronman zebedem~. 133 

`yovlisa aRmosavlisa da CrdiloAsa didman mamamTavarman, kaTalikozman 

patronman zebedem~. 134 . 

1616 wlis _ `yovlisa saqarTvelosa didman mamaTmTavarTmTavarman, 

qarTlisa kaTalikozman patronman iovanem~. 135 

aq yuradReba unda mieqces, rom qarTuli eklesiis meTaurs ewodeba 

saqarTvelos mamamTavari, anu patriarqi da qarTlis kaTalikosi. saqarTvelo 

da qarTli XI saukunis Semdeg erTi da igive cnebebi ar aris, saqarTvelo 

ewodeba qveyanas `nikofsiidan darubandamde~, xolo qarTli _ lixis mTis 

aRmosavleTiT mdebare provinciebs ewodeboda, amitomac roca qarTuli 

eklesiis meTaurs uwodeben saqarTvelos patriarqsa da qarTlis kaTalikoss, 

Cven iseve unda gavigoT, rogorc weren _ is mTeli, sruliadi, `yoveli~ 

saqarTvelos patriarqia da amave dros aris kaTalikosi qarTlisa. 

1629 wlis dokumentSia _ `yovlisa saqarTvelosa makurTxevelman didman 

mamaT-mTavarman qarTlisa kaTalikozman zaqaria~. 136 _ es aris sruliad 

saqarTvelos patriarqi da amave dros qarTlis kaTalikosi. 

1634 wlis _ `didman mamaTmTavarman qarTlisa kaTalikozman patronman 

evdemoz~. 137 

`yovlisa saqarTveloAsa didman mamaTmTavarman qarTlisa kaTalikozman 

evdemoz~. 138 

1638 wlis _ `saqarTveloAsa didman mamamTmTavarman, qarTlisa kaTalikozman 

patronman evdemon~. 139 

1660 wlis _ `yovlis saqarTveloAs didman mamaTmTavarman, kaTalikozman 

domentim~. 140 

1670 wlis _ `yovlisa saqarTveloAsa makurTxevelman mamaTmTavarman, 

qarTlisa kaTalikozman amilaxoris Zeman nikolaoz...~ 141 

`yovlisa saqarTveloAsa didman mamaTmTavarman, qarTlisa kaTalikozman 

batoniSvilman patronman domenti...~ (1672 weli), 142 

1678 w _ `yovlisa saqarTveloAsa didman mamaTmTavarman, qarTlisa kaTalikozman 

amilaxorisSvilman patronman nikoloz...~, 143 

1689 weli _ `yovlisa saqarTveloAsa didman mamaTmTavarman, qarTlisa 

kaTalikozman diasamiZem patronman iovanem...~ 144 

1694 weli _ ``yovlisa saqarTveloAsa didman mamaT-mTavarman qarTlisa 

kaTalikozman, amilaxorisZeman patronman nikoloz...~ 145


istoria 

601 

zemoT moyvanili amonawerebidan aSkarad Cans, rom sruliad saqarTvelos 

patriarqi imave dros aris qarTlis kaTalikosi, anu saqarTvelos 

mamamTavari aerTianebs or taxts _ qarTlis kaTalikosisas da saqarTvelos 

patriarqisas. is ori taxtis mpyrobelia. afxazeTis kaTalikossa da 

qarTlis kaTalikoss Soris damokidebuleba Tu rogori saxis iyo, garkveulia 

mecnierTa mier _ `mcxeTis patriarqi, afxazeTis kaTalikosisaTvis gaxda 

`mama~, TviT afxazeTis kaTalikosi ùmrwmesi~ (umcrosi) kaTalikosi~. 146 

rogorc vTqviT, saqarTvelos patriarqi imave dros qarTlis kaTalikosia 

da is ùxucesi~, `mama~, anu ufrosia afxazeTis kaTalikosze. sapatriarqoSi, 

rogorc adre aRvniSneT, Sedioda agreTve somxeTis samitropolito. 

somxeTis mitropoliti uSualod eqvemdebareboda qarTlis kaTalikoss. 

xolo sapatriarqoSi aseve Semavali Crdilo kavkasiis qristianebi da 

Crdilo kavkasiaSive mdebare xunZeTis kaTalikosi uSualod saqarTvelos 

patriarqs eqvemdebareboda. 147 aRniSnulTa gamo saqarTvelos sapatriarqos 

struqturas grafikulad aseTi saxe eqneba: 

saqarTvelos sapatriarqo 

saqarTvelos patriarqi, anu mamaTmTavari 

afxazeTis 

sakaTalikoso 

qarTlis 

sakaTalikoso 

somxeTis 

samitropolito 

Crdilo kavkasiis 

qristianebi 

xunZeTis sakaTalikoso 

saqarTvelos patriarqs uSualod eqvemdebarebodnen agreTve istoriuli 

albaneTis CrdiloeTis mxareebis qristianebi, romlebic wina saukuneebSi 

albanTa kaTalikosis samwysos warmoadgenda. amis Sesaxeb visaubrebT saqarTvelos 

sapatriarqos iurisdiqciis aRmosavleTis sazRvrebis gansazRvris 

dros, xolo rac Seexeba xunZeTis sakaTalikosos, unda aRiniSnos, rom 

`xunZeli kaTalikosi oqropiri~ moxsenebulia sinas mTis XV saukuniT 

daTariRebul xelnawerSi, magram Crdilo kavkasieli qristianebi gacilebiT 

adre eqvemdebarebodnen saqarTvelos patriarqs, amaze miuTiTebs tyobaierdis 

XI saukunis warwera.


jafariZe 

afxazeTis sakaTalikosos Sesaxeb unda aRiniSnos, rom is arc XV saukunis 

saqarTvelos erTiani samefos daSlis Semdeg daarsebula, rogorc 

hgonia sardel (berZen) mitropolit maqsimes Tavis gamokvlevaSi qarTuli 

eklesiis avtokefaliis Sesaxeb 148 da arc XIII saukuneSi, rogorc adre 

fiqrobdnen. axali monacemebiT dadgenilia: àfxazeTis sakaTalikoso _ 

dasavleT saqarTvelos sakaTalikosoa. mis daarsebas zogi mkvlevari VIII 

saukunes, zogi ki X saukunis meore naxevars miakuTvnebs. afxazeTis sakaTalikosom 

Secvala konstantinopolis sapatriarqos daqvemdebarebuli lazikis 

samitropolito da abazgiis saarqiepiskoposo eparqiebi. afxazeTis kaTalikosis 

sakaTedro taZari, romelic andria mociqulis saydrad iwodeboda, 

biWvinTaSi iyo. afxazeTis kaTalikoss `biWvinTis kaTalikossac~ uwodebdnen. 

ierarqiulad igi saqarTvelos kaTalikoss eqvemdebareboda~. 149 

afxazeTis sakaTalikoso saqarTvelos sapatriarqos (XI saukuneSi) daarsebamde 

arsebobda da Sevida sapatriarqoSi. amis gamo XI saukuneSi, sapatriarqos 

daarsebis Semdegac, saqarTveloSi ramdenime kaTalikosi iyo erTdroulad, 

afxazeTis kaTalikosi da qarTlis kaTalikosi, amitomac es sityva 

ixmareboda TiTqmis yovelTvis mravlobiT ricxvSi. werdnen xolme _ 

`kaTalikosTa~, `kaTalikosni~ da ara `kaTalikosi~. SeiZleba aseTi magali- 

Tis moyvana. XI saukunis 50-ian wlebSi _ `...iwyo RvTismsaxurman mefeman 

bagrat da Zeman misman, dedofalTa da kaTalikosTa wvevad~... 150 giorgi 

mTawmidelisa saqarTveloSio, wers biografi. forma `dedofalTa~ gasagebia, 

giorgi mTawmidels iwvevdnen mefis deda _ mariami, mefis meuRle da 

rZali _ Zis coli, aseve `kaTalikozTaSi~ igulisxmeba, rom giorgi mTawmidels 

iwvevdnen afxazeTisa da qarTlis kaTalikosebi (ucxoeTidan 

saqarTveloSi). saqarTveloSi mosvlis Semdeg ki, roca giorgi mTawmideli 

gadavida aRmosavleT saqarTveloSi, anu sakuTriv qarTlSi, masTan kavSiri 

aqvs erT kaTalikoss, dasavleT saqarTvelodan `qarTlSi~ gadasul giorgi 

mTawmidelis winaSe `...iwyes aRsarebad da sinanulad TviT mefeman, kaTalikozman... 

mRvdelTa, diakonTa, monazonTa...~. 151 

miuxedavad imisa, rom qarTuli eklesia im dros Sedgeboda ori mTavari 

sakaTalikososagan, es eklesia erTi qveynis eklesiaa. giorgi mcire dabejiTebiT 

amtkicebs imas, rac Tavis droze giorgi mTawmidelma antioqiis patriarqs 

moaxsena _ mTliani saqarTvelo mociqulebma andriam da simon kananelma 

moaqcies da daafuZnes aq erTi eklesia. amitomac saqarTvelo, anu rogorc 

maSin uwodebdnen àRmosavleTi~ _ nawilia am mociqulebisa. andriam mTeli 

saqarTvelo `movlo~. xolo svimon kananelma sruliad daimkvidra es qveyana. 

giorgi mTawmidelmao, wers biografi _ `...yoveli aRmosavleTi gananaTla da 

nawili igi andria mociqulisa da simon kananelisa kualad ganamtkica, rameTu 

andria mociqulman movlo qveyana Cveni, xolo svimon kananelman sruliad 

daimkvidra, rameTu nikofss arian nawilni misni wmidani~. 152


istoria 

603 

swored am ideologiur safuZvelzea damyarebuli saqarTvelos sapatriarqos 

Seqmna _ saqarTvelo erTi qveyanaa, erTi saxelmwifoa. saqarTvelos 

sxvadasxva kuTxeebs sxvadasxva ganmanaTleblebi ki ar hyavdaT, aramed 

erTiani, mTliani saqarTvelos ganmanaTleblebi arian aq Camosuli mociqulebi 

_ andria pirvelwodebuli da svimon kananeli, amitomac eklesia 

erTi unda hqondes da ara ramdenime. erTian saqarTvelos saxelmwifoSi 

Seiqmna erTi didi eklesia-sapatriarqo, xolo am sapatriarqoSi XI saukuneSive 

Sedioda ori sakaTalikoso _ ori administraciuli erTeuli, anu 

saeklesio samTavro _ saeklesio provincia. es Seesabameboda saxelmwifos 

politikur dayofas erTiani saxelmwifos Seqmnis Semdeg oficialurad 

calkeuli `samefoebi~ ar gauqmebulan, isini kvlavindeburad arsebobdnen, 

amitomac, erTiani saxelmwifos mefes ewodeboda _ mefe afxazTa, qarTvelTa, 

ranTa, kaxTa da somexTa, SahanSa da SarvanSa. `sanam kaxeT-hereTi gaer- 

Tianebuli saqarTvelos farglebs gareT imyofeba, saqarTvelos mefeebi 

iwodebian àfxazTa da qarTvelTa~ mefeebad, sadac àfxazTa~ dasavleT 

saqarTvelos gulisxmobs, xolo `qarTvelTa~ istoriul aRmosavleT saqarTvelos 

(qarTl-mesxeTs kaxeT-hereTis gareSe)... afxazTa da qarTvelTa mefes 

emateba ranTa (e.i. hereTis) da kaxTa mefis tituli, rac am provinciebis 

SemoerTebas asaxavs. daviT (aRmaSeneblis) mefis titulebSi Cndeba `somex- 

Ta~ mefis wodeba... (rac lores samefos SemoerTebas ukavSirdeba da ara 

anisis SemoerTebas, romlis mefeni SahanSas tituls atarebdnen... qarTvel 

mefeTa titulebSi rogorc `SahanSa~, aseve `SarvanSa~ daviTis dros unda 

iyos Sesuli, radgan anisis samefoc da Sarvanic daviT aRmaSeneblis dros 

SemouerTda saqarTvelos. 153 

sapatriarqo ori saeklesio samTavrosagan, `saeklesio mitropoliisagan~ 

_ qarTlisa da afxazeTis sakaTalikosoebisagan Sedgeboda. TandaTan saqarTvelos 

saxelmwifos gafarToebasTan erTad sapatriarqoSi Sevida sxva `saeklesio 

samTavroebic~. 

marTalia, sapatriarqoSi sakaTalikosoebi arsebobdnen, magram XI-XIII 

saukuneebSi sakaTalikosoebis TviTmmarTveloba da uflebebi SezRuduli 

iyo, amitomac afxazeTis kaTalikoss am drois wyaroebi TiTqmis aRarc 

axsenebdnen Tavisi tituliT. XIII saukuneSi monRolTa mier erTiani saxelmwifos 

orad gayofam afxazeTis sakaTalikosos imereTis samefoSi avtoriteti 

moupova. iv. javaxiSvilis Tanaxmad, XIII saukunis Semdgom axlo xaneb- 

Si `...afxazeTis kaTalikosoba winandeburad aRsdga~. 154 

imis gamo, rom qarTlis kaTalikosi avtomaturad iTvleboda saqarTvelos 

patriarqadac, qarTlis kaTalikosis saxeli ufro xSirad moixsenieba 

afxazeTis kaTalikosTan SedarebiT. 

aRsaniSnavia, rom XV saukuneSi erTiani saqarTvelos samefos daSlis 

Semdeg yvela provinciis mefe Tavis Tavs miiCnevda erTiani, sruliad 

saqarTvelos erTaderT kanonier mefed. erTiani saxelmwifos daSlas Tan


jafariZe 

mohyva erTiani saqarTvelos sapatriarqos daSla, magram miuxedavad amisa, 

rogorc qarTlis, ise afxazeTis kaTalikosebi ar cnobdnen erTiani eklesiis 

daSlas da TavianT Tavs uwodebdnen `sruliad saqarTvelos kaTalikoss~, 

an mamamTavars. magaliTad, afxazeTis kaTalikosi grigoli XVIII saukunis 

dasawyisSic ki Tavis Tavs uwodebda ara afxazeTis, anu dasavleT 

saqarTvelos kaTalikoss, aramed sruliad saqarTvelos kaTalikoss. amiTaa 

gamowveuli, rom Sewirulobis wigns biWvinTisadmi afxazeTis kaTalikosi 

1712 wels artyams beWeds warwera-zedweriliT: `grigol mwyemsi qristesmier 

yovlisa saqarTvelos kaTalikozi~. 155 

ufro xSirad ki dasavleT saqarTvelos kaTalikosebi TavianT Tavs 

`qvemo iveriis~, anu afxazeTis kaTalikoss uwodebdnen, 156 xolo aRmosavleT 

saqarTvelosi _ `zemo iveriis~ anu `zemo saqarTvelos~ kaTalikosebs. 157 

`qarTlis cxovreba~ qarTlisa da afxazeTis sakaTalikosoebs `samTavroebs~ 

uwodebs. sityva `samTavro~ uamravjer gvxvdeba `did sjuliskanonSi~. saeklesio 

olqis, saeklesio provinciis, eparqiis, mitropoliis mniSvnelobiT, 

romelsac aqvs Tavisi saepiskoposoebi. saeklesio `samTavros~ didi sjuliskanonis 

Tanaxmad, hyavs Tavisi pirvelierarqi, romelsac am samTavros episkoposebi 

emorCilebian. `qarTlis cxovrebaSia~ _ `Semokrbes orisave samTavrosa 

episkoposni...~ 158 aq sityva samTavros qveS swored saeklesio da ara 

saero-saxelmwifo-administraciuli samTavro igulisxmeba. es iqidan Cans, 

rom saqarTvelos saxelmwifoSi Sedioda ara òri samTavro~, aramed `Svidi 

samefo~ _ provincia: àfxazeTis, qarTlis, ranis, kaxeTis, somxeTis, anisis 

da Sirvanis samefoebi~ da ori saeklesio `samTavro~ _ afxazeTisa da 

qarTlis sakaTalikosoebi. Crdilo kavkasiis qristianebs saqarTvelos sapatriarqos 

cxovrebaSi umniSvnelo roli eniWeboda, xolo somxeTis samitropolito 

qarTlis sakaTalikosoSi Sedioda. 

a. saqarTvelos sapatriarqos iurisdiqciis 

Crdilo-dasavleTi sazRvari 

XI saukuneSive saqarTvelos sapatriarqoSi Sedioda `nikofsia~, dRevandeli 

tuafse, sadac qarTvelTa ganmanaTlebeli simon kananeli iyo dakrZaluli 

da romelic giorgi mTawmidelis Tanaxmad, `queyanasa Cuensa _ afxazeTs~ 

mdebareobda. es iyo provincia jiqeTis centrSi, es provincia ki qerCamde 

aRwevda. rogorc wyaroebi uCveneben, saqarTvelos sapatriarqos CrdilodasavleTis 

sazRvari aRwevda xersonesamde. ase magaliTad, 1525-1550 wlebis 

biWvinTis iadgarSi afxazeTis sakaTalikosos Crdilo-dasavleTis sazRvrad 

dasaxelebulia punqti `kafa~, CrdiloeTis sazRvrad ki _ `ruseTis samzRvari~. 

punqti `kafa~ mdebareobda xersonesTan _ `kaTalikozis sakurTxi aris, 

samwyso _ lixsa da kafas Sua da ruseTis samzRuarsa da WaneTs Sua~. 159


istoria 

605 

saerTod xersonesi da kafas naxevarkunZuli pirvel saukuneebSive dakav- 

Sirebuli iyo saqarTvelosTan, magaliTad _ `kardinal baroniusis azriT, 

ax.w.aR-is 100 wels imperator traianes mier xersonesSi gandevnili papi 

wm. klimentis mecadineobis Sedegad kolxeTsa da iberiaSi qristianoba 

gavrcelda. arqanjelo lamberti kardinal baroniusis am mosazrebis Sesaxeb 

iqve miuTiTebs, rom `... kolxeTi xuTasi miliTaa daSorebuli xersonesidan~, 

...arqanjelo lamberti im azrs icavs, rom kolxeTsa da iberiaSi qristianoba 

wm. andream da wm. barTlomeom gaavrceles~. 160 

`qalaqi kaffa mdebareobs 17 verstis daSorebiT karagozidan... emxroba 

kafis yuris dasavleT nawils... am qalaqma yirimis aRebis Semdeg miiRo 

Tavisi Zveli saxeli _ `Teodosia~, amJamad ki isev ewodeba Tavisi winandeli 

saxeli kaffa~, magram adre TaTrebi eZaxdnen aseve _ quCuk _ stambuls. 

qalaqs uWiravs Zalze moxerxebuli da xelsayreli mdgomareoba vaWroba- 

Si. is iyo Zalze mniSvnelovani yvela punqts Soris, romlebic genuelebma 

daiWires yirimSi~. 161 

afxazeTis sakaTalikosos Crdilo-dasavleTis sazRvari aris punqti kaffa, 

yirimSi, xersonesTan. afxazeTis sakaTalikosos saqarTvelos sapatriarqo- 

Si Sesvlis gamo saqarTvelos sapatriarqos sazRvari kaffamde aRwevda. 

xersonesis gaTxrebis dros aRmoCnda qarTuli taZari, rogorc es gamoikvlia 

kaTalikos-patriarqma kirionma. manve gamoTqva azri, rom VIII saukune- 

Si goTeTis upirvelesi episkoposis iberiaSi xeldasxmis Semdeg goTeTis 

eklesia qarTul eklesias daeqvemdebara. 162 kaffa goTeTTan mdebareobda. 

b. saqarTvelos sapatriarqos iurisdiqciis 

CrdiloeTis sazRvari 

V saukuneSive vaxtang gorgasalis mier daarsebuli niqozis saepiskoposos 

samwysoSi Sediodnen Crdilo kavkasielebi, dval-osebi, aseve dasavleT 

saqarTveloSi glola-Rebis sanaxebi _ àrs niqozs eklesia... gorgasal hyo 

saepiskopozod da dasua episkopozi, zis dResac, mwyemsi kavkasianTa, dual- 

Ta da aw oseTad wodebulisa, glola RebiTurT~. 163 `qarTlis cxovrebis~ 

Tanaxmad, VIII saukuneSi qarTuli eklesiis sazRvari aRwevda `...Cerqezis 

sazRvramdis sruliad ovseTisa...~ 164 `...pontos zRvidam darubandis zRvamde~. 

165 XVI saukuneSi afxazeTis sakaTalikosos CrdiloeTis sazRvari emTxveoda 

ruseTis saxelmwifos samxreTis sazRvars, romelic jer kidev ar 

iyo moaxloebuli kavkasias _ `ruseTis samzRvarsa da WaneTs Sua~-o, _ wers 

`biWvinTis iadgari~. XVIII saukuneSic ki afxazeTis sakaTalikosos Tavis 

samwysod miaCnda `pontos~, anu Savi zRvis CrdiloeTiT mdebare miwebi _ 

`ponto CrdiloiT~. 166 

XI saukuneSi, saqarTvelos sapatriarqos Seqmnis dros qarTul eklesia- 

Si rom Sedioda CeCneTi, inguSeTi, oseTi, avareTi _ mTiani daRestani, amis


jafariZe 

Sesaxeb miuTiTebs axali gamokvlevebi. 167 Crd. kavkasiaSi qristianuli religiisa 

da kulturis sivrcesa da siRrmeSi gavrceleba-SeRweva X saukuneSi 

iwyeba. feodaluri saqarTvelos srul gaerTianebamde Crdilo-dasavleT 

imierkavkasiaSi qristianobis gamavrcelebeli bizantiasTan erTad 

dasavleT qarTuli samefo _ afxazeTia, centralur imierkavkasiaSi (dvaleTi, 

CeCneT-inguSeTi) _ qarTl-kaxeTis samTavro, xolo gaerTianebis Semdeg 

_ saqarTvelos centraluri xelisufleba. calke aRiniSneba qarTuli 

marTlmadidebluri eklesiis roli. rogorc Cans, saqarTvelos sakaTalikoso-sapatriarqos 

status kvos da Crdilo kavkasiis qveynebSi saqarTvelos 

kaTalikos-patriarqis iurisdiqcias gamoxatavs XI saukunis damdegs 

saqarTvelos kaTalikos-patriarqis, melqisedek I-is moxsenieba àRmosavle- 

Tis patriarqad~ imierkavkasiis erT-erTi umniSvnelovanesi qristianuli Zeglis 

tyoba-ierdas (inguSeTis) taZarze... avareTSi qristianuli kulturisa da 

saqarTvelo-daRestnis kulturul-istoriul urTierTobaTa gasaSuqeblad gansakuTrebiT 

mniSvnelovania umTavresad xunZaxsa da mis SemogarenSi ZvelqarTuli 

damwerlobis ZeglTa arseboba... es unikaluri Zeglebi naTlad 

da utyuarad migviTiTeben Sua saukuneTa avareTSi qarTuli damwerlobisa 

da enis gavrcelebaze, iqaur eklesia-taZrebSi qarTuli RvTismsaxurebisa da 

qarTul grafikul sistemaze agebul adgilobriv damwerlobaze... X-XIV 

saukuneTa avareTSi qristianobis intensifikacia kargad Cans werilobiTi 

monacemebiTac _ ...1310 wlis maRalaSviliseuli saxarebis minawerSi (giorgi 

brwyinvales dros) dadasturebulia daRestanSi ramdenime eparqiis arseboba 

(xunZaxis, anwuxisa da waxurisa) da bolos aRvniSnavT, mecnieruli TvalsazrisiT 

uZvirfases cnobas sinas erT-erTi qarTuli monastris XV saukunis 

saaRape wignidan _ `xunZeli kaTalikosi oqropiris~ Sesaxeb, romelsac 

korneli kekeliZe mitropolitTan aigivebda da riTac daRestanSi qarTuli 

marTlmadidebluri eklesiis samitropolitos arsebobaa dadasturebuli~. 168 

Crdilo kavkasiaSi saqarTvelos sapatriarqos erT-erTi samitropolitos 

arseboba xunZeTis sakaTalikosos saxelwodebiT, werilobiTaa dadasturebuli. 

g. saqarTvelos sapatriarqos aRmosavleTis sazRvari 

jer kidev V saukuneSi mose xoreneli werda, qarTvelTa ganmanaTlebelma 

wmida ninom iqadaga `klarjeTidan _ masquTTa qveynamdeo~. 

masquTTa qveyana mdebareobda kaspiis zRvis piras, axlandeli derbendis 

siaxloves, TviT mose xoreneli Tvlida, rom mis dros V saukuneSi qarTuli 

eklesiis iurisdiqciaSi Sedioda vrceli miwebi klarjeTidan kaspiis 

zRvamde, rasac eTanxmeba qarTlis cxovreba _ qarTuli eklesiis iurisdiqciaSi 

aRmosavleTiT Sedioda _ kaxeTi, Saqi, Sirvani da midgmiT _ warmovliT 

mTisa adgilni, 169 `pontos zRvidan darubandis zRvamde~.


istoria 

607 

1310 wlis werilobiT cnobaSia _ òdes sanatrelman man patriarqman 

Cuenman eqvTime moixila kaxeTs anwuxisa saepiskoposo da mieriTgan gardamovida 

waxurs, kak-elisens da movlo saydarni: kasri samebisa, yumi RvTismSoblisa, 

leqarTs wm. mociqulTasworisa ninosi, zars wm. mTavarmowamisa giorgisa, 

vardians wm. habosi, ganuxs arCilisi, qiS-nuxs RvTismSoblisa, bardaSens 

eliasi... kvalad saydarni xunZTa, naxCTa, ToSeTisa, nekresisa, laguTisa, belqanisa, 

maj-fifineTisa, ferijan-muxax-mamreTisa da yovlisa vakisa, e.i. ars Zvelisa 

movakanisa da elisenisa, verxvianT zeganiT gamo ivris mdinaris CasarTavamde, 

alazansa da sanatrelman eqvTime mibrZana qurmuxisa mTavar episkopossa 

da yovlisa mTeulisa winamZRvarsa kirile donaursa...~ 170 

am amonaweridan Cans, rom uSualod saqarTvelos patriarqs eqvemdebareba 

albaneTis sakaTalikosos is samwyso, romelic ar SeuerTda somxur 

eklesias. 

aRsaniSnavia, rom hereTis qristianebi qarTulenovanni iyvnen. maTi dedaena 

iyo qarTuli ena. isini V saukuneSi mcxeTis eklesias eqvemdebarebodnen. 

rogorc `SuSanikis wamebidan~ Cans, Semdgom, raRac mizezis gamo, hereTis 

qristianebi ierarqiulad daeqvemdebarnen albaneTis sakaTalikosos. VI 

saukunidan rogorc albaneTis, ise qarTlis sakaTalikosoebi somxuri eklesiis 

mZlavr zegavlenas ganicdidnen sparsTa saxelmwifos nebiT. uTuod 

amis gamo, albaneTis sakaTalikosoSi, miuxedavad mcdelobisa, saeklesio 

enad dainerga ara mSobliuri qarTuli da albanuri enebi, aramed eklesiebSi 

wirva-locvisaTvis gamoiyeneboda somxuri ena. amis mizezi sparsTa zemoqmedebis 

garda, albaneTis xalxTa mravalerovneba iyo. albaneTSi gavrcelebuli 

iyo rogorc sparsuli, aseve Turquli da kavkasiuri enebi, am qveynis 

Crdilo-dasavleTiT ki hereTis mosaxleobis dedaena iyo qarTuli ena. 

VII saukunis bolos, movses kalankatuacis Tanaxmad, albaneTis eklesiam 

sabolood dakarga avtokefalia da is SeuerTda somxur eklesias. 171 amis 

gamo albaneTis nawil hereTSic somxuri eklesiis mecadineobiT gavrcelda 

monofizitoba. es mwvalebloba hereTSi aRmoufxvria dinara dedofals X 

saukuneSi. amis Semdeg hereTi da aRmosavleTis mxareebi kvlav Tavis deda 

qarTul eklesias daubrunda. XI saukuneSi sapatriarqos Seqmnis Semdeg, 

hereTsa da mis aRmosavleTiT mdebare qveynebze iurisdiqcias saqarTvelos 

patriarqi axorcielebda, rogorc zemoT moyvanili amonawerebidanac Cans. 

d. saqarTvelos sapatriarqos iurisdiqciis 

sazRvari samxreTiT 

imperator konstantine porfirogenetis Tanaxmad, saqarTvelos samxre- 

Tis sazRvari mdinare arezamde Cadioda, mdinare araqsis `...marcxena mxareo, 

_ wers is, _ iberiisaken mimarTuli epyraT iberebs, xolo marjvena, rac 

Teodosiopolisaken aris, rogorc cixeebi, ise soflebi iyves Cveni meufebis


jafariZe 

qveS ise, rom maSasadame orive sazRvrad mdinare iqneba~-o. 172 `mesxeTis 

Zireul nawils Seadgenda mcire moculobis seqtorebi mezobeli araqsisa 

da dasavleT evfratis xeobebisa~. 173 

araqsisa da evfratis saTaveebSi qarTvelebi X saukuneSi konstantine 

porfirogenetis dros ki ar dasaxlebulan, aramed saerTod es mxareebi 

uZveles dros iyo qarTveli xalxis Tavdapirveli samSoblo, amitomac jer 

kidev qristeSobamde aTasi wliT adre aq, am mxareebSi warmoiqmna qarTveli 

xalxis pirveli saxelmwifoebi _ diaoxi da kolxa. diaoxisa da kolxasagan 

momdinareoben am mxareebSi gavrcelebuli toponimebi _ `tao~ da 

`kola~. moses xorenacis Tanaxmad, am mxareebSi armenielebis Semosvlis 

dros qristemde VI-V saukuneebSi, armenielebs aq adgilobrivi mosaxleoba 

daxvedria, romelTa asimilaciac maSinve dawyebula. xorenelis Tanaxmad, 

armenielTa erT mefes aukrZalavs adgilobrivi mosaxleobisaTvis mSobliur 

enaze laparaki da neba daurTavs armenielTa enaze laparakisa. _ 

àmasTanave aramma ubrZana iqaur mkvidrT, SeeTvisebinaT somxuri ena da 

laparaki~. 174 xoreneli mravalgzis aRniSnavs _ `sakvirvelia mematianis 

naTqvami, rom Cvens qveyanaSi mraval adgilas gafantulad mkvidrobda 

mcirericxovani xalxi, Cveni Zireuli winapris, haikis mosvlamde~, 175 anda 

`matianeSi aqac aRniSnulia, rom velis samxreT nawilSi, erT wagrZelebul 

mTasTan adridanve cxovrobdnen mcireodeni kacni, romlebic nebiT damor- 

Cildnen gmirs~, 176 anda `...ar SemiZlia vTqva dabejiTebiT, STamomavalia igi 

haikisa Tu haikis (mosvlamde) am qveyanaSi mcxovrebi xalxisa, romelTa 

arsebobaze miuTiTeben Zveli Tqmulebebi~. 177 xorenelis mTargmneli da 

komentatori al. abdalaZe amis Sesaxeb wers _ `xorenacis am da msgavs 

cnobebSi asaxulia istoriuli sinamdvile imis Sesaxeb, rom e.w. `didi 

somxeTis~ miwa-wyalze somexTa mosvlamde mkvidrobdnen sxva xalxebi, maT 

Soris qarTuli modgmis tomebic~. 178 

qarTvelTa asimilacia armenielTa mier `didi somxeTis~ miwa-wyalze 

warmatebuli iyo somxeTis aRmosavleT nawilSi, magram dasavleT somxeTSi 

arezisa da evfratis siaxloves mcxovrebma qarTvelebma didxans SeinarCunes 

ena imis gamo, rom maT mezoblad mdebare kapadokia da ponto qarTulenovani 

iyo (igulisxmeba, rom am elinizebuli qarTvelebis saojaxo, saSinao 

ena iyo qarTuli ena). agreTve, qristemde IV-III saukuneebSi Seqmnili iberiis 

saxelmwifo am mimarTulebiT sazRvrebs ifarToebda xolme, gansakuTrebiT 

I-II saukuneebSi. Semdgom saukuneebSi somxeTis gaZlierebam daaCqara 

somxeTSi mcxovrebi qarTvelebis nawilobrivi asimilacia. n. maris azriT, 

mesxeTis aborigenuli mosaxleoba yofila lazuri an megruli _ àm raionis 

aborigenebi... romelime lazuri an megruli tomia~. 179 

saqarTvelos sapatriarqos warmoqmnis dros e.w. `didi somxeTis~ teritoriaze 

cxovrobda uamravi qarTveli, adgilobrivi mcxovrebi, maTTvis daarsebuli 

iqna saepiskoposoebi, romelTa sazRvrebi aRwevda raxsisa da evfrat-


istoria 

609 

is xeobebamde. `XIII saukuneSi monRolTa batonobis drosac ki mesxeTis 

mTavris kuTvnili qveyana iwyeboda taSiskaridan da grZeldeboda, àRmarT, 

vidre karnu qalaqamde~. XIV saukuneSic taSiskaridan vidre basianamde 

`mesxTa qveSe dawesebuli qveyana iyo~... XVII saukunis antioqieli patriarqi 

makari adasturebs, rom adre saqarTvelos samxreTi sazRvari iyo mdinare 

evfrati da evfratis aqeTa teritoriebi sul saqarTvelod iTvleboda. 

saqarTvelos sazRvari rom evfratamde Cadioda, amas amowmebs Celebic. 

mdinare arezis aqeTa mxaresa da arzrumis midamoebs didxans SemorCa 

qarTuli mosaxleoba. XVII saukuneSi arzrumis midamoebSi gamovlilma 

arqanjelo lambertim ramdenime qarTuli sofeli naxa, romelTac arzrumelad 

wodebuli qarTveli mwyemsmTavari ejdaT arzrumSi~. 180 

amis gamo iyo, rom saqarTvelos sapatriarqoSi Sedioda _ anisis, yarsis, 

valaSkertisa da sxva saepiskoposoebi. 

cnobilia, rom osmaleTis mTavrobam Tavis qveyanaSi mcxovrebi qristianebi 

dauqvemdebara konstantinopolis berZen patriarqs, anda konstantinopolis 

grigorian patriarqs. amis gamo osmaleTSi mcxovrebi marTlmadideblebi 

ganixilebodnen rogorc `berZnebi~, is qristianebi, romelnic grigorian 

patriarqs daumorCiles, iTvlebodnen _ `somxebad~. am qveyanaSi cxovrobdnen 

agreTve `frangebi~, anu kaTolike qristianebi. 

amis Sesaxeb rumineli profesori wers _ `rogorc viciT, raRac drois 

Semdeg da TiTqmis Cvens saukunemde marTlmadidebeli qristianis wodeba 

xSirad gaigivebuli iyo berZnul erovnebasTan, ase rom, is, vinc Tavis Tavs 

Tvlida marTlmadideblad, amave dros Tavis Tavs berZens uwodebda... konstantinopolis 

patriarqi iyo amave dros eTnarqic, e.i. erovnul-politikuri 

meTauri `yvela berZenisa~ TurqeTis imperiaSi~. 181 

aRniSnulis gamo, samxreT saqarTvelos mrevlis ZiriTadi nawili, romelic 

TurqeTis imperiaSi moeqca, an `gaTaTrda~, an `gaberZnda~ an `gasomxda~, 

an `gafrangda~. 182 

saqarTvelos sapatriarqos arsebobis dros ki misi samxreTis sazRvari 

gadioda mdinare araqssa da evfratze. 

qarTul eklesiaSi miRebuli Tvalsazrisi 

saqarTvelos sapatriarqos daarsebis 

kanonikuri uflebis Sesaxeb 

saukuneTa manZilze qarTul eklesiaSi gabatonebuli iyo Teoria, romlis 

Tanaxmadac, qarTulma eklesiam sapatriarqo eklesiad wodebis Rirseba 

miiRo VII saukuneSi, 681 wels Catarebul msoflio saeklesio krebaze. 

`qarTlis cxovreba~ wers _ `...iqmna kreba meeqvse, 170 (r~o) wmidaTa 

mamaTa konstantinopolis Sina, meaTasammetesa welsa poRonati konstanti-


jafariZe 

nes mefobisasa, romeli iyo mama iustinianesi, romlisa winamZRuar iyvnes 

Teodore da giorgi xucesni da ioane diakoni, adgilis-mcvelni aRaTon 

romTa papisani da giorgi konstantinopoleli, Teofane antioqeli. amis 

krebisa mier brZanes esreT wmidisa eklesiisa saqarTvelosaTYs, romel 

ars wmida mcxeTa, raTa iyos swor pativiTa viTarca wmidani samociqulo 

kaTolike eklesiani sapatriarqoni. da iyos kaTalikosi qarTlisa swori 

patriarqTa Tana, da akurTxevdes, mwysides da ganagebdes simarTliT mTavarepiskoposTa, 

.mitropolitTa da episkoposTa, da samwysosa TYssa... `misTYs 

migYTvlia saqarTvelos eklesiani, mas hmonebden da mis Kel queSe iyvnen, 

da sjulsa missa erCden, da misgan imwyseboden. mogYcemia Kelmwifeba 

Sekvrisa da ganKsnisa: ...xolo pirveliTgan antioqiis krebisa mier ganpatiosnebul 

iyo, da am krebisa mier dagYmtkicebia patriaqad... xolo ukeTu 

vinme ikadros kaTalikosisa winaaRdgoma, mTavarepiskoposman gina mitropolitman, 

anu episkoposman, anu daipyras xarisxi da eklesia ZaliTa, kaTalikosisa 

ukiTxavad da Seundobelad, anu ikurTxos mefe gina mTavari, anu 

mTavarepiskoposni da mitropolit-episkoposni, _ ganikueTen. xolo odesca 

enebos Semzadeba da kurTxeva mironisa, akurTxos TYssa eklesiasa~. 183 

es cnoba, erTi `martviluri xelnaweris~ Tanaxmad, moTavsebuli yofila 

konstantinopolur `taqtikonSi~. `qarTlis cxovrebis~ zemoT moyvanil cnobaSi 

naTqvamia, rom VI msoflio krebam mxedvelobaSi miiRo is garemoeba, rom 

qarTuli eklesia `...pirveliTgan antioqiis krebisa mier ganpatiosnebuli 

iyo...~ amis Sesaxeb daculia ufro srulfasovani da amomwuravi cnoba 

`qarTlis cxovrebaSi~ _ antioqiis saeklesio krebamo, wers is, aRiara 

qarTuli eklesiis sruli avtokefalia, amitomaco, weria iq _ àmieriTgan 

ganTavisuflda, rameTu kaTalikozi qarlisa KelqveiT ara ars patriaqTa 

da ara ikurTxvian patriaqTagan, aramed TYsisa samwysosa mitrapolitTa da 

mTavarefiskopozTa da efiskopozTagan ikurTxvian, rameTu Tavisufali ars 

da mociqulTa magieri da mociqulTa taxtsa zeda mjdomi da patriaqi, 

Tavi yovelTa eklesiaTa, wmida kaTolike samociqulo eklesia sveti cxoveli, 

da aqvs uaRresoba da Kelmwifeba kaTalikozsa yovelTa zeda, da mis 

mierve miecemis yovelTa madli da kurTxeva Sekvrisa da ganKsnisa da 

ikurTxeoden mefeni da mTavarni, mTavarefiskopozni da mitrapolitni, episkopozni 

da amas samwyso... pontos zRYdan darubandis zRvamde~. 184 

es ufleba sapatriarqo eklesiad wodebisa qarTul eklesias miuRia VII 

saukunis 30-40-ian wlebSi antioqiis sapatriarqo krebis mier, xolo 681 wels 

VI msoflio krebas daudasturebia qarTuli eklesiis sapatriarqo Rirseba. 

qarTul enaze Semonaxuli cnoba qarTuli eklesiisaTvis sapatriarqo 

Rirsebis miniWebas miawers VI msoflio krebas. cnobaSi naTqvamia, rom es 

moxda imperator konstantine pogonatis (668-685 ww.) dros.


istoria 

611 

VI krebas kanonebi ar SeumuSavebia, amitom krebis dadgenileba mxolod 

dainteresebulma mxarem _ qarTulma eklesiam Semoinaxa. am cnobaSi naTqvamia, 

rom kreba Catarda konstantines mefobis me-13 wels, rac savsebiT sworia. 

konstantine 668 wels avida taxtze da misi mefobis me-13 weli aris 681 w. 

680-681 wlebSi Catarebul msoflio saeklesio krebaze qarTvelTa daswreba, 

vaxtang goilaZis azriT, romelmac Tavis naSromSi es sakiTxi gamoikvlia, 

ivaraudeba 681 wlidan. 

`qarTuli wyaroebis (zemoT moyvanil) cnobaSi yvela monacemi sworia, 

kerZod is, rom konstantine pogonati iyo iustinianes (685-695) mama. iustinianeze 

miTiTeba imis maniSnebelia, rom es cnoba daiwera iustiniane II-is 

dros da im drois mkiTxvelisaTvis cnobili iyo swored iustiniane, romlis 

mamis drosac es kreba Catarda. 

am cnobaSi Zalze zustadaa dasaxelebuli krebaze damswre pirebic. VI 

krebis I sxdoma 680 wlis 7 noembers Sedga. krebaze damswre 153 episkopossa 

da presviters Soris iyvnen konstantinopolis patriarqi giorgi, antioqiis 

patriarqi makariosi, aleqsandriis patriarqis warmomadgeneli presviteri 

petre, ierusalimis patriarqis warmomadgeneli presviteri Teodore da 

agaTon romis papis warmomadgenlebi: Teodore, giorgi da ioane diakoni. 

qarTuli cnoba msoflio krebaze damswre antioqiis patriarqad asaxelebs 

ara makarioss, aramed antioqiis patriarq Teodores, marTlac, am 

krebam makariosi gadaayena da Teodore airCia, amitomac qarTuli wyaro ar 

asaxelebs makarioss. v. goilaZis azriT _ `swored es gansxvaveba sZens 

qarTul cnobas sandoobas da gvarwmunebs, rom igi krebaze miRebuli dadgenilebis 

zusti asaxvaa~. 185 

wmida krebam 18 sxdoma gamarTa da TiTqmis erT wels gaagrZela muSaoba. 

ZiriTadad, monoTelitebis sakiTxi ixileboda. makarios antioqieli krebis 

monoTelitTa jgufs meTaurobda. krebis dasawyisSi mas giorgi konstantinopolelic 

TanaugrZnobda, riTac agaTon romis papis marTlmadideblobas ewinaaRmdegeboda, 

Semdeg giorgi konstantinopoleli marTlmadidebelTa mxareze 

gadavida, ramac gamoiwvia makarios antioqielis damarcxeba. krebam makariosi 

mwvaleblad gamoacxada, patriarqobidan gadaayena da anaTemas gadasca. makariosis 

nacvlad antioqiis patriarqad qarTul cnobaSi moxsenebuli Teofane 

iqna arCeuli da krebis Semdgom muSaobaSic is monawileobda. 

daaxloebiT 681 wlis 5 aprilidan gamodioda Teofane antioqiis patriarqis 

tituliT da qarTuli eklesiis sapatriarqo Rirsebis sakiTxi _ 

`...konstantinopolis VI msoflio krebam, Cans, 681 wlis 5 aprilidan 16 

seqtembramde gamarTul sxdomebze ganixila~. 186 krebaze makariosis gadayenebis 

Semdeg marTlmadideblebma brZola gaagrZeles sxva mwvaleblebTan. 

bolos Camoayalibes marTlmadidebluri dogmati, romelic imperatorma 

daamtkica 681 wlis 16 seqtembers da dasacavad gadaeca saimperatoro


jafariZe 

kars. rac Seexeba kanonebs, igi 680-681 wlebis krebas ar SeumuSavebia. 

magram qarTuli eklesiis Sesaxeb am krebis dadgenileba Sesula dokumentSi, 

romelsac ewodeba `konstantinopoluri taxtikoni~. 

VI msoflio krebis gadawyvetilebis dedani dReisaTvis ucnobia. krebis 

dadgenilebiT, qarTvelebi iyvnen dainteresebulni da maT Semoinaxes ara 

mxolod zemoT moyvanili variantiT. am mxriv gansakuTrebiT sainteresoa 

Txzuleba `sityvis gebad laTinTa mimarT Cven marTlmadidebelTa mier~, 

romelic e. TayaiSvilma `martvilis xelnawerebSi~ aRwera. am Txzulebis 

bolo nawilSi ikiTxeba: `rameTu esreT Sesaswavebel ars taxtikonsa Sina 

konstantinopolissasa, viTarmed mas Jamsa Sina wmida meequse krebasa konstantine 

poRonatisasa da aRaTon romTa papisa, giorgi konstantinepolelisa 

da Teofane antioqielisasa da maT Tana asormocdaaTTa mamaTagan 

gapatiosnda kaTalikozi qarTlisa da yves mamamTavrad da Tavisufal da 

uflad yovlisa zeda saqarTveloAsa... aRaravisagan xel qveS ars, aramed 

Tavisufal da mamamTavari (e.i. `patriarqi~) ars~. 

v. goilaZe wers _ `Tu T. balsamoni qarTul eklesiaze saubrisas wyaros 

ar asaxelebs, samagierod, `martviluri xelnaweri~ wyarod `konstantinopolur 

taqtikons~ asaxelebs, romelSic ueWvelia is dokumenti unda igulisxmebodes, 

romelic 681 wlis 16 seqtembers saimperatoro kars gadaeca 

Sesanaxad~. 187 

am `taqtikonSi~ naTqvami yofila, rom 681 wlis krebis Semdeg qarTuli 

eklesia iTvleba samamamTavro eklesiad, anu sapatriarqo eklesiad, rom is 

srulebiT Tavisufalia da arc erT patriarqs ar eqvemdebareba _ `rameTu 

aRaravisagan xel qveS ars, aramed Tavisufal ars~, imave cnobas imeorebs 

berZeni kanonisti maTeos blastari _ kerZod, rom `... iberiis eklesia arc 

erT patriarqs ar eqvemdebareba, rom iberielTa eklesiis mRvdelmTavrebi 

Cveulebriv xelT isxmebodnen sakuTar episkoposTagan~ _ ueWvelia maTeos 

blastari `konstantinopolis taqtikonis~ msgavsi wyarodan sargeblobs. 

marTalia, blastari qarTul eklesiasTan kavSirSi ar axsenebs VI msoflio 

krebas, radganac is avtokefaliis Sesaxeb saubrobs da ara sapatriarqo 

Rirsebis Sesaxeb, avtokefalia ki, misi azriT, qarTul eklesias antioqiis 

krebisagan miuRia, cxadia, am dromde adre. 

iustiniane II rinotmatis mefobis dros, 692 wels, konstantinopolis 

trulis darbazSi kvlav Sesdga saeklesio kreba. am krebam gaiTvaliswina 

wmida mociqulTa kanonebi. aseve I, II, III, IV msoflio krebaTa da adgilobrivi 

krebebis kanonebi, zogic axali daumata da isini erTiani saxiT 

gamosca. Tumca, am kanonebSi wina krebebis zogi kanoni da dadgenileba ar 

iqna Setanili. aseTebi, Teodore balsamonis sityviT, mis dros, e.i. XII 

saukuneSi jer kidev bevri iyo. 692 wlis me-2 kanonisadmi darTul komentarSi 

igi wers, rom aseTi wignebi man araerTxel naxa didi Tanamdebobis


istoria 

613 

moxeleTa xelSi da afrTxilebda maT, rom Zveli kanonebi ar gamoeyenebinaT. 

rogorc Cans, SemdegSi aseTi kanonebi da dadgenilebebi TandaTan 

xmarebidan gamodioda da radgan xmarebaSi ar iyo, cxadia, aRarc gadaiwereboda. 

gamoricxuli araa, aseT wignebSi moxvedriliyo VI krebis dadgenileba 

qarTuli eklesiis sapatriarqo Rirsebis Sesaxeb. 

VII saukunis 80-ian wlebSi qarTvelebi aqtiurad ebrZodnen bizantiis 

mtrebs. 

`686 wels qarTlis erismTavarma nerse I-ma did somxeTSi mdgari arabTa 

sardali baraba daamarcxa da arabebi gandevna. am xanebSi bizantias Zlier 

esaWiroeboda qarTvelTa samxedro mxardaWera, amitom VI msoflio krebaze 

qarTuli eklesiisaTvis sapatriarqo Rirsebis miniWebas saimperatoro 

karic dauWerda mxars~. 188 

`qarTlis cxovrebisa~ da sxva cnobiT, 681 wels qarTul eklesias mieniWa 

sapatriarqo Rirseba. saqarTvelos sapatriarqoSi im dros dasavleT saqarTvelos 

zogierTi provinciac Sedioda. 720-ian wlebSi saqarTvelos sapatriarqo 

orad gaiyo _ qarTlisa da afxazeTis sakaTalikosoebad. X saukuneSi 

saqarTvelos saxelmwifos gaerTianebis Semdeg gaerTianda afxazeTisa da 

qarTlis sakaTalikosoebi _ kvlav Seiqmna erTiani saqarTvelos sapatriarqo. 

XI saukuneSi saqarTvelos sapatriarqos arseboba ueWvelia. 

rogorc aRiniSna, XI saukuneSi qarTulma eklesiam sapatriarqo Rirseba 

TviTneburad ki ar miikuTvna, aramed mas hqonda kanonikuri safuZveli 

sapatriarqo ewodebina qarTuli eklesiisaTvis _ safuZveli VI msoflio 

krebis dadgenileba iyo. 

diptixis Sesaxeb 

diptixi aris marTlmadidebelTa RvTismsaxurebis dros adgilobriv eklesiaTa 

meTaurebis moxsenebis rigiToba, anu msoflios marTlmadidebel 

eklesiaTa meTaurebis moxsenebis rigi. is warmoadgens gamoxatvas sulieri 

da kanonikuri erTobisa adgilobriv marTlmadidebel eklesiaTa Soris. 

marTalia, msoflio marTlmadidebel eklesias ar gaaCnia erTiani administraciuli 

centri, magram yoveli damoukidebeli, avtokefaluri adgilobrivi 

eklesiis meTauri da misi diakoni RvTismsaxurebis dros moixsenebs 

sxva adgilobrivi eklesiebis meTaurebs, amiT is gamoxatavs, rom yvela 

marTlmadidebeli eklesia, erovnebisagan damoukideblad, Seadgens erT, wmida, 

kaTolike da samociqulo eklesias. yvela adgilobrivi eklesia erTmaneTis 

mimarT Tanabaria da Tanaswori. ar arsebobs pirvelxarisxovani da 

meorexarisxovani, upiratesi da umciresi eklesia. mravalricxovneba, an 

teritoriis sidide ar aniWebs upiratesobas romelime eklesias meore 

mcire eklesiis winaSe. mamaTa kanonebis Tanaxmad, yoveli eklesiis Tavisufle-


jafariZe 

ba mopovebulia ufal ieso qristes sisxliT. III msoflio kreba me-8 kanon- 

Si werda, rom yoveli eklesiis damoukidebloba da Tavisufleba `...TYsiTa 

sisxliTa moguaniWa Cuen ufalman Cuenman iesu qristeman, ganmaTavisuflebelman 

yovelTa kacTaman~. 189 RvTis sityvis Tanaxmad, qristes eklesiaSi ar 

aris arc elini, arc iudeveli, arc barbarosi, arc skviTi. mociqulTa 34-e 

kanoni yvela eTnikuri olqis eklesias TavisTavadobas aniWebs. is ar 

aZlevs romelime eklesias upiratesobas, amitomac Tanamedrove diptixSi 

eklesiaTa meTaurebis moxseniebis dros, erTi eklesiis meTauris sxva eklesiis 

meTauris win Tu ukan dayeneba, garkveuli TvalsazrisiT erTisaTvis 

ùpiratesobis~ miniWeba meoresTan SedarebiT, ar Seesabameba qristianobis 

arss, Tumca Tavisi tradicia aqvs. istoria naTelyofs da mociqulTa 34-e 

kanoni uCvenebs, rom im diptixis winasaxe, romelsac Cven dResdReobiT 

viyenebT, Camoyalibda qristianobis saxelmwifo sarwmunoebad aRiarebis 

Semdeg da ar arsebobda qristianobis pirvel saukuneebSi (imperatorTa 

gaqristianebamde). diptixi arsebobda mxolod aRmosavleT romis imperiis 

SigniT myofi eklesiebis saWiroebisaTvis. diptixi bizantiur eklesiaSi 

ixmareboda. dasavleT romis imperiis eklesiaSi ki RvTismsaxurebis dros 

arasodes ar ixmareboda di ptixi. aseve, radganac iberiis saxelmwifo 

arsebobda bizantiisagan damoukideblad, qarTuli avtokefaluri eklesiis 

meTauri bizantiur diptixebSi Setanili ar yofila. diptixi sWirdebodaT 

imperiis SigniT, imperiaSi Semaval eklesiebs TavianTi saWiroebisaTvis. 

diptixi iyo gansazRvruli wesrigi kaTedrebis meTaurebis rangebis mixedviT 

ganawilebisas. di ptixi sazRvravda eklesiaTa Soris damokidebulebas. 

diptixis Seqmna moiTxova imperiis erTianobisa da dauSlelobis saWiroebam, 

raTa imperiis farglebSi myof erTmaneTisagan damoukidebel eklesiaTa 

Soris, aseve episkoposTa Soris ar dawyebuliyo dausrulebeli kamaTi, 

winaaRmdegoba eklesiaTa da kaTedraTa Rirsebisa da pativis xarisxis 

gansazRvrisas. diptixis Seqmnis Semdegac ki erTi eklesiis, an kaTedris 

meTauris mier meoris dawyevlis an anaTemaze gadacemis dros erTi eklesia 

meore eklesias amoSlida xolme Tavisi diptixidan. imperiaSi moTavsebul 

avtokefalur eklesiaTa da kaTedraTa meTaurebs saxelmwifoSi eWiraT 

didi administraciuli Tanamdebobebi. di ptixis Seqmna upirvelesad am 

eklesiaTa surviliT iyo gamowveuli, raTa ganesazRvraT pativis xarisxi 

eklesiaTa meTaur mRvdelmTavarTa Soris, Tu romeli eklesiis meTauri, anu 

saxelmwifos moxele idga pativiT sxva mRvdelmTavar-moxeleze maRla. 

radganac iberiis eklesiis meTauri ar iyo da arc SeiZleboda yofiliyo 

bizantiis saxelmwifos moxele, cxadia, iberiis eklesiis meTauris imperiaSi 

Semaval sxva mRvdelmTavrebTan pativis gansazRvris araviTari saWiroeba 

ar arsebobda. amitomac iberiis eklesia bizantiur diptixSi ar Sedioda.


istoria 

615 

uZveles dros sxvadasxva eklesiebs sxvadasxva diptixebi hqondaT. di ptixis 

Sedgenas gansakuTrebuli yuradReba mieqca IV saukunis Semdeg konstantinopolis 

episkoposis adgilis gansazRvrisas. trulis krebaze ganisazRvra 

ukve V-VI saukuneebSi arsebuli urTierTdamokidebuleba imperiis 

eklesiaTa Soris _ pirveli iyo romis saydari, meore _ kostantinopolisa, 

mesame _ aleqsandriisa, meoTxe _ antioqiisa, mexuTe _ ierusalimisa. 190 

am xuTi patriarqisagan damoukidebeli iyo kviprosis eklesia. 

saeklesio wesebis Tanaxmad, romis papi yovelTvis pirveli iyo yvela 

mRvdelmTavarTa Soris (igulisxmeba VI s-dan). qalkedonis krebis 28-e 

kanonis Tanaxmad, konstantinopolis episkoposs meore adgili mieniWa romis 

papis Semdeg, rac gaimeora trulis krebam 36-e kanonSi. 191 qarTuli 

eklesiis diptixi eyrdnoboda msoflio krebaTa kanonebs, amitomac pirvel 

adgilze romis saydars ayenebda XIII saukuneSic ki, Tumca marTlmadideblobis 

centrad `berZnul~ eklesias Tvlida. 192 

VI-VII saukuneebSi diptixebi iqcnen oficialur dokumentebad romis 

imperiis mTavari qalaqebis episkoposTa Soris upiratesobis gansazRvrisas. 

iberiis avtokefaluri eklesiis iurisdiqciaSi Semavali qalaqebi ar 

Sediodnen imperiaSi, amitomac iberiis qalaqTa episkoposebi ar iyvnen 

diptixSi Seyvanilni VII saukunemde. VII saukunis dasawyisSi herakle 

keisarma qvemo iberiis, anu dasavleT saqarTvelos zRvispira miwebi CamoarTva 

iberiis saxelmwifos da SeuerTa bizantiis imperias. amis Semdeg VII 

saukuneSi saqarTvelos dapyrobili SavizRvispira qalaqebis fasisisa (foTi) 

da petronis (cixisZiri) episkoposebi Seyvanil iqnen bizantiur diptixSi. V 

trulis krebis kanonebs xels aweren fasisisa da petronis episkoposebi _ 

`Teodore uRirsman episkoposman fasoAsaman sofelsa Sina megrelTasa ganvasazRvren 

da warvweren...~ 193 (`fasoA-foTsa ityvis~ _ naTqvamia qarTveli 

mTargmnelis SeniSvnaSi). aseve xels awers _ ìoane uRirsman episkoposman 

qalaqisa petronisaman queyanasagan megrelTaAsa ganvasazRvre da warvwere~. 194 

aRsaniSnavia, rom trulis krebis kanonebs xels ar awers iberiis dedaqalaqis 

episkoposi da arc iberiis eklesiis warmomadgeneli, xolo iberiis im 

qalaqebis episkoposebi ki, romelnic bizantiis imperiaSi Sediodnen, Seyvanilni 

arian bizantiur diptixSi da am krebis kanonebsac xels aweren. 

ierusalimeli patriarqebi dosiTeosi da xrisanfi weren _ lazikis eparqia- 

Si Semavali fasisisa samitropolitos konstantinopolis sapatriarqos diptixSi 

eWira 27-e adgili, xolo trulis krebas lazebis qveynidan (e.i. qvemo 

iberiidan) eswrebodnen Teodore faziseli da ioane petronis episkoposio. 195 

aqedan aSkarad Cans, rom di ptixSi Setanili iyo bizantiis qarTuli 

qalaqebis episkoposebi, xolo bizantiis gareT myofi qarTuli qalaqebis 

episkoposebi ki _ ara. e.i. di ptixi bizantiuri saxelmwifos saWiroebi-


jafariZe 

sTvisaa Sedgenili, amitomac iberiis avtokefaluri eklesiis warmomadgenelTa 

mouxsenebloba Zvel diptixSi imis niSani ki araa, rom aseTi 

avtokefaluri eklesia ar arsebobda, aramed piriqiT, arsebobda da ar 

eqvemdebareboda imperiaSi Semaval sapatriarqoebs _ WeSmaritad avtokefaluri 

iyo. 

aRmosavluri (bizantiuri) diptixis axali gaxsenebaa parizis kodeqsi 

XV saukunisa, sadac ixsenieba msoflio (konstantinopolis) patriarqi, aleqsandrieli, 

antioqieli da ierusalimeli patriarqebi, magram am kodeqsze 

ufro mniSvnelovania XV saukunis 30-ian wlebSi Semdgari `msoflio~ saeklesio 

(ferara-florenciis) krebaze daculi di ptixi, radganac am krebas 

eswrebodnen msoflios xuTive sapatriarqosa da im dros arsebuli yvela 

avtokefaluri eklesiis warmomadgenlebi. am krebis oqmebs patriarqebma 

da maTma warmomadgenlebma xeli moaweres. marTalia, es kreba `yaCaRuri~ 

kreba iyo da mis oqmebs iberiis eklesiis warmomadgenelma xeli ar moawera, 

magram kreba `yaCaRuri~ iyo sarwmunoebis sakiTxebSi da ara di ptixis 

sakiTxSi. am `msoflio~ krebaze daculi iyo wina msoflio krebaTa kanonebi 

eklesiaTa ganlagebis Sesaxeb. XV saukunis am krebis diptixi aseTi iyo: _ 

romis eklesia, konstantinopolis msoflio sapatriarqo, aleqsandriis, antioqiis, 

ierusalimis sapatriarqoebi, ierusalimis Semdeg VI adgilze dgas 

iberiis eklesia. aqedan Cans, rom Zvel diptixSi iberiis eklesias eWira 

VI adgili, magram aseTi saxis diptixi mxolod mTeli msoflios eklesias 

Seexeboda. konstantinopolis da bizantiur diptixebSi XVI saukunemde 

Setanis ufleba mxolod oTxi aRmosavleli patriarqis privilegia iyo. 196 

marTalia, XVI saukuneSi ruseTis sapatriarqos daarsebis Semdeg moskovis 

patriarqs neba mieca diptixSi da TaTbirebze mdgariyo ierusalimis sapatriarqos 

Semdeg, magram maleve, roca ruseTSi daarsda wmida sinodis 

mmarTveloba, yvela aRmosavleTis sapatriarqos diptixebSi mxolod oTxi 

aRmosavleTis patriarqi moixseneboda. 197 

bizantiur (aRmosavleTis sapatriarqoebis) diptixebSi Setanili ar iyo 

bulgareTis arqiepiskoposi, roca mas 1234 wels konstantinopolma patriarqis 

tituli mianiWa, di ptixSi ar iyvnen Setanilni, agreTve, avtekefaluri 

arqiepiskoposebi arqidisa, kvi prosisa, iberiisa (ori _ iberiaSi 

`zemo~ da `qvemo~) da pekiisa. 198 

XIX saukunis Sua wlebamde wmida diptixSi ixsenieboda mxolod aRmosavleTis 

oTxi patriarqi, mxolod am saukuneSi da Semdgom axali avtokefaluri 

eklesiebis (eladis, serbeTis, rumineTis, poloneTis da albaneTis) 

daarsebis Semdeg msoflio konstantinopolis patriarqma isini daavaldebula, 

diptixSi moexseniebinaT oTxi patriarqis garda sxva episkoposebi 

da eklesiebi.


istoria 

saqarTvelos sapatriarqos adgili 

marTlmadideblur diptixSi 

617 

X da XI saukuneTa mijnaze saqarTvelo gaerTianda, risTvisac saukuneTa 

manZilze iRwvoda iberiis eklesia. sxvadasxva qarTuli politikuri erTeulebis 

gaerTianebam erTian mZlavr saxelmwifod gamoiwvia saqarTvelos 

hegemonoba mTel kavkasiaSi. aRmosavleTis eklesia gansakuTrebiT savaldebulod 

xdida samoqalaqo-saero dayofis gadaRebas saeklesioSi, ase rom, 

yovel cvlilebas saeroSi Sesabamisi cvlilebebi unda mohyoloda saeklesioSi. 

amitomac, saxelmwifos gaerTianebas Tan mohyva qarTuli eklesiis 

gaerTianeba. aqamde afxazeTis samefoSi arsebobda àfxazeTis sakaTalikoso~. 

qarTlis samefoSi ki _ `qarTlis sakaTalikoso~. samefoTa gaerTianebis 

Semdeg gaerTianda eklesiebic da erTian qarTul saxelmwifoSi warmoiqmna 

erTiani eklesia saqarTvelos sapatriarqos saxelwodebiT. saqarTvelos 

sapatriarqo, garda afxazeTisa da qarTlis sakaTalikosoebisa, Seicavda 

agreTve saqarTvelos saxelmwifos gavlenis sferoSi Semaval Crdilo 

kavkasiis qristianebs, agreTve somxeTisa da yofili albaneTis marTlmadidebel 

mosaxleobas. Crdilo kavkasiis qristianebi uSualod saqarTvelos 

patriarqs eqvemdebarebodnen, rasac mowmobs epigrafikuli masala, 

xolo XV saukunisaTvis Crdilo kavkasiis aRmosavleTiT Seqmnili iyo 

xunZeTis sakaTalikoso, romelic iberiis sapatriarqoSi Sedioda. saqarTvelos 

sapatriarqoSi Sevida somxeTis samitropolito, romelic istoriuli saqarTvelos 

sazRvrebs gareT mdebareobda _ somxeTis (anisis) yofil samefoSi. 

saqarTvelos sapatriarqos Seqmnis Semdeg sakaTalikosoebi ar gauqmebulan, 

isini arsebobas ganagrZobdnen ise, rogorc bizantiur sapatriarqoSi 

arsebobdnen samitropolitoebi. rogorc wesi, patriarqi imave dros mcxe- 

Tis, anu qarTlis kaTalikosic iyo, mas sveticxovlis patriarqic ewodeboda 

sasaydro taZris mixedviT. 

saqarTvelos sapatriarqo kavkasiis masStabiT Zalze didi eklesia iyo. 

is moicavda ara marto kavkasiis marTlmadideblobas, aramed Zalze scildeboda 

kavkasiis sazRvrebs CrdiloeTisa da samxreTis mimarTulebiT. samxreTiT 

saqarTvelos sapatriarqos esazRvreboda vanis tba da teritoriebi, romelic 

daviT kurapalatma Seiyvana qarTvelTa samefoSi. 

saqarTvelos sapatriarqos warmoSobamde ar arsebobda qarTuli eklesiis 

meTauris Rirsebis bizantiel ierarqebis RirsebasTan Sedarebis saWiroeba, 

amitomac, albaT, qarTul eklesiaSi diptixi ar gamoiyeneboda. viTareba 

Seicvala sapatriarqos Seqmnis Semdeg. axalma mdgomareobam warmoSva 

sakiTxi, Tu patriarqTa rigSi romel adgilze unda daeyenebinaT, anda 

romeli patriarqis Semdeg unda exsenebinaT axali patriarqi _ qarTuli 

eklesiis meTauri. marTalia, im dros zogierT aramarTlmadidebluri ekl-


jafariZe 

esiis meTaurs hqonda patriarqis tituli, magram msoflio marTlmadideblur 

eklesiaSi mxolod xuTi patriarqi arsebobda, rasac msoflio saeklesio 

krebebic adasturebda. im dros gadaxedes arsebul patriarqebis 

rigs da daadgines, rom axali qarTveli patriarqi iyo meeqvse patriarqi _ 

romis papis, konstantinopolis, aleqsandriis, antioqiis da ierusalimis 

patriarqebis Semdeg. ase Sedga qarTuli eklesiis diptixi. qarTuli eklesiis 

diptixi ukve arsebobda saeklesio gamoyofamde romsa da konstantinopols 

Soris, da amitomac am ganyofamde ukve arsebuli di ptixi saukuneebis 

manZilze ucvlelad gadadioda sabuTidan sabuTSi. XVIII saukunis 

dokumentSic aseTi di ptixia daculi: `...Cuenca, glaxaki, qristes mier, 

Semdgomad xuTTa patriarqTa da upirveles maTsa... suetiscxovlis meequsisa 

patriarqis da qristes mier yovlisa saqarTvelos kaTalikozi nikoloz 

vamtkiceb da warvswer...~ 199 

aqedan Cans, rom qarTuli eklesiis meTaurs diptixis patriarqTa rigSi 

VI adgili uWiravs, magram mas Tavisi Rirseba arc erTi patriarqis Rirsebaze 

naklebad ar miaCnia. 

diptixSi qarTvel patriarqs VI adgilze XI saukunis dasawyisSive rom 

ayenebdnen, es Semdegidan Cans: saqarTvelos sapatriarqo Seiqmna msoflio 

qristianobis kaTolikebad da marTlmadideblebad gayofamde, rac 1054 

wels moxda. amis Semdeg qarTuli eklesia marad marTlmadidebelTa didi 

ojaxis wevri iyo, amitomac gayofis Semdgom Sedgenil qarTul sabuTebSi 

romis papi aRar ixsenieboda marTlmadideblobasTan da marTlmadidebel 

patriarqebTan kavSirSi. gamonaklisia qarTuli eklesiis diptixi, masSi 

romis papis sxva aRmosavleli patriarqebis gverdiT dayeneba miuTiTebs 

imaze, rom qarTuli eklesiis diptixi Sedgenilia saeklesio ganxeTqilebamde, 

xolo Semdgomi saukuneebis sabuTebSi diptixis Seucvlelad gadatana 

miuTiTebs saeklesio tradiciulobaze, romelic gansakuTrebiT iyo 

daculi qarTul eklesiaSi. garda amisa, qarTuli eklesia mudamJams erTguli 

iyo saeklesio krebaTa kanonebisa, gansakuTrebiT ki qalkedonis krebisa, 

qalkedonis krebam ki Tavis 28-e kanonSi daadgina, rom konstantinopolis 

patriarqi unda mdgariyo ara pirvel adgilze, aramed meoreze. pirveli 

adgili romis patriarqs unda daekavebina. konstantinopoli `...meore iyo 

Semdgomad missa...~ 200 igive daadastura iustinianem Tavis 131-e novelaSi, 

kerZod, `saeklesio kanonebis gansazRvrebis Tanaxmad, uwmidesi papi Zveli 

romisa iyo pirveli yvela mRvdelmTavarTa Soris. axali romisas ki eqneba 

meore adgili Zveli romis wmida samociqulo saydris Semdeg, magram adgils 

daiWers sxva saydrebis maRla~. 201 trulis saeklesio krebis 36-e kanonmac 

gaimeora Zveli kanonebi da sapatriarqoTa adgilebi ase gansazRvra _ 

`...ganvasazRvrebT, raATa saydarsa konstantinepolisasa swori pativi aqundes 

hromisa saydrisaA da viTarca igi gandidnebis saeklesioTa Sina saqmeTa,


istoria 

619 

meore iyos ese Semdgomad missa, romlisa Semdgomad iyavn aleqsandrielTa 

didisa qalaqisaA da Semdgomad missa ierusalemelTa qalaqisaA~. 202 trulis 

krebam, gaimeora ra konstantinopolis saydarTan dakavSirebiT II 

msoflio krebis me-3 kanoni da 28-e kanoni IV msoflio krebisa, gansazRvra, 

rom pirveli yofiliyo romis saydari, meore _ konstantinopolisa, mesame _ 

aleqsandriisa, meoTxe _ antioqiisa da mexuTe _ ierusalimisa. 

mcxeTelis (saqarTvelos) sapatriarqo saydari dadga ierusalimis saydris 

Semdeg. qarTuli diptixis Sedgenisas gaTvaliswinebuli iqna II msoflio 

krebis me-3, qalkedonis 28-e, trulis 36-e kanonebi da miiRo aseTi saxe: 

1. romis saydari; 

2. konstantinopolis saydari; 

3. aleqsandriis saydari; 

4. antioqiis saydari; 

5. ierusalimis saydari; 

6. mcxeTis (sveticxovlis) saydari. 

qarTuli diptixis mixedviT, saqarTvelos eklesiis meTaurs sxva avtokefaluri 

eklesiebis meTaurTa rigSi eWira me-6 adgili. 

qarTuli eklesiis meTauris me-6 adgilze moxseniebas qarTul eklesiaSi 

saukuneebis manZilze hqonda istoriul-tradiciuli mniSvneloba da iseve 

Seucvlelad iTvleboda, rogorc saeklesio krebaTa da mamaTa kanonebi. 

diptixis zemoT moyvanili saxe miuTiTebs imaze, rom is Sedgenilia 

saeklesio ganyofamde. 

bizantiis imperiaSi gabatonebuli iyo `pentarxiis Teoria~, msoflioSi 

xuTi avtokefaluri eklesiis arsebobis Sesaxeb. es Teoria iyo gamonagoni 

bizantiis saimperatoro da sapatriarqo karisa. TviT imperiaSive arsebobda 

meeqvse avtokefaluri eklesia kviprosisa, xolo iustinianem daaarsa 

axali avtokefaluri eklesia `pirveli iustinianes~ saxelwodebiT, imperiis 

gareT ZvelTaganve iberiis (saqarTvelos) avtokefaluri eklesia arsebobda, 

miuxedavad amisa, aRmosavleTis eklesiebSi da maT Soris saqarTveloSic, 

icnobdnen pentarxiis Teorias da masSi koreqtivebic SehqondaT. 

saqarTveloSi gabatonebuli mosazrebis Tanaxmad, xuTi msoflio patriarqis 

Semdgom idga saqarTvelos, anu mcxeTis kaTalikos-patriarqi. saqarTvelos 

sapatriarqos daarsebidan mcire xnis Semdeg, 1057 wels mefe bagrat 

IV-is Sewirulebis sigels SiomRvimisadmi aqvs qarTuli eklesiis meTauris 

minaweri, romlis Tanaxmadac is dgas meeqvse adgilze msoflios xuTi 

patriarqis Semdeg. vinc es sigeli daarRvioso, wers is _ `...krulmca ars... 

xuTTa patriarqTa juariTa... da Cem glaxakisaca juariTa~. 203 

1245-1250 wlebis dawerils SiomRvimisadmi aqvs minaweri: `...xuTTa patriarqTa 

juariTa, wmidisa samociquloAsa kaTolike eklesiisa madliTa 

da raodenni mas Sina wmidani qarTlisa kaTalikozni sxdomil arian da


jafariZe 

dasxdebian maT yovelTa juariTa~. 204 wmida kaTolike samociqulo eklesia 

iyo qarTuli eklesiis saxelwodeba da yovelTvis am formuliT moixsenieboda 

is. es sigelic xuTi msoflio sapatriarqo saydris Semdeg qarTul 

eklesias asaxelebs. 205 

1259 wlis Sewirulebis dawerils rkonis monastrisadmi amtkicebs 

saqarTvelos eklesiis meTauri _ `...Cuenca, Semdgomad xuTTa patriarqTa... 

meequsisa patriarqis... vamtkiceb...~ 206 

zemoT moyvanilidan Cans, rom ukve XI saukuneSive, saqarTvelos sapatriarqos 

CamoyalibebisTanave, saqarTvelos patriarqs marTlmadideblur diptixSi 

eWira meeqvse adgili xuTi patriarqis Semdeg. 

marTalia, qarTuli eklesiis di ptixSi qarTvel patriarqs eWira me-6 

adgili, magram cnobdnen Tu ara amas msoflios sxva sapatriarqoebi, aRiarebdnen 

Tu ara isini qarTveli mamamTavris saydars meeqvse adgilze? 

Cven dabejiTebiT unda vTqvaT, rom rogorc romis papebi, ise aRmosavleTis 

oTxi patriarqi cnobda iberiis eklesias meeqvse adgilze ierusalimis 

sapatriarqos Semdeg. amas miuTiTebs ferara-florenciis saeklesio krebis 

diptixi. am krebaze qarTul eklesias eWira VI adgili romis, konstantinopolis, 

aleqsandriis, antioqiisa da ierusalimis saydrebis Semdeg. es 

rom SemTxveviT ar iyo da eklesiaTa adgilebis ganawilebas am krebaze, ise 

rogorc `XII msoflio~ krebaze, sagangebo yuradReba eqceoda, iqidanac Cans, 

rom florenciis krebam 1438 wels uniis Sesaxeb dekretSi daadgina: `konstantinopolis 

patriarqi iqneba meore wmida romis papis Semdeg aleqsandrieli 

mesame, Semdeg meoTxe antioqieli da mexuTe _ ierusalimeli...~ 207 

marTalia, am krebas ar gamoucia dokumenti, Tu rogor unda ganawilebuliyo 

Semdegi adgilebi, radganac kreba exeboda ara di ptixis sakiTxs, 

aramed sarwmunoebis sakiTxs, magram saerTod eklesiaTa (kaTedraTa) adgilebis 

ganawilebas Zalze didi yuradReba rom eqceoda, zemoT moyvanili 

dadgenilebidanac Cans. 

qarTuli, anu iberiis eklesiis warmomadgenels am krebaze eWira VI 

adgili. 1438 wlis 5 Tebervals feraraSi gaxsnil da florenciaSi gagr- 

Zelebul `msoflio~ saeklesio krebas, sadac erTmaneTs Sexvdnen aRmosavleTisa 

da dasavleTis warmomadgenlebi da romlis aqtebsac aRmosavle- 

Tis sapatriarqoebma xeli moaweres, _ `Tanabari uflebiT eswreboda iberiis 

mitropoliti~. 208 

ìberiis mitropoliti ijda marTlmadidebelTa mxares mexuTe adgilze 

konstantinopolis, aleqsandriis, antioqiisa da ierusalimis warmomadgenlebis 

Semdeg. _ `pirveli kardinalis pirdapir idga patriarqis savarZeli... 

patriarqis Semdeg oTx skamze ganlagebulni iyvnen... ierusalimis 

patriarqis warmomadgeneli menziis arqiepiskoposi da iberiis mefis warmomadgeneli 

iberiis mitropoliti~. 209


istoria 

621 

krebis monawileni isxdnen Semdegi rigis mixedviT: centridan Tanabar 

manZilze idga ori taxti _ romis imperatorisa da berZenTa imperatorisa. 

sasuliero pirebi ganlagebulni iyvnen Semdegi rigis mixedviT: erT mxares 

isxdnen laTinTa warmomadgenlebi, meore mxares isxdnen marTlmadidebelTa 

warmomadgenlebi. CvenTvis saintereso marTlmadidebelTa rigi iyo 

Semdegi saxisaa: marTlmadidebelTa rigSi pirvelad idga _ 1. konstantinopolis 

patriarqis savarZeli (patriarqi am sxdomas ar eswreboda); patriarqis 

Semdeg oTx skamze ganlagebulni iyvnen _ 2. aleqsandriis patriarqis 

warmomadgeneli _ arqiepiskoposi; 3. antioqiis patriarqis warmomadgeneli 

_ arqiepiskoposi; 4. ierusalimis patriarqis warmomadgeneli _ 

arqiepiskoposi; 5. iberiis patriarqis (dokumentSia _ `mefis~) warmomadgeneli 

mitropoliti. amis Semdeg diptixis mixedviT isxdnen sxva marTlmadidebeli 

episkoposebi. 

`nawyveti florenciis wmida msoflio saeklesio krebis oqmidan... sasuliero 

pirebis ganlagebis Sesaxeb... pirveli kardinalis pirdapir idga 

patriarqis savarZeli (patriarqi, SeuZlod yofnis gamo, im dRes krebas ver 

eswreboda)... patriarqis Semdeg oTx skamze ganlagebulni iyvnen _ herakliis 

arqiepiskoposi, romelsac aleqsandriis patriarqis kanonieri mandati 

hqonda da misi adgili ekava; antioqiis patriarqis mier gamogzavnili _ 

efesiis arqiepiskoposi; ierusalimis patriarqis warmogzavnili _ meneziis 

arqiepiskoposi da iberiis mefis warmomadgeneli _ iberiis mitropoliti; 

amaT Semdeg isxdnen trapezuntis, rizes, nikeis... arqiepiskoposebi... mitropolitebi... 

berebi, TavianTi wesis mixedviT~. 210 

florenciis krebaze ara marto eklesiaTa warmomadgeneli sasuliero 

pirebi isxdnen `wesis~, anu diptixis mixedviT, aramed saero pirebic aseve 

(wesis mixedviT) isxdnen. 

ferara-florenciis `msoflio~ saeklesio krebidan Cans, rom qarTuli 

eklesiis meeqvse adgili msoflio eklesiaTa rigSi, xolo V adgili mar- 

TlmadidebelTa rigSi aRiarebuli da cnobili iyo rogorc romis papis, 

aseve msoflio (konstantinopolis) patriarqis da sxva aRmosavleTis patriarqebis 

mier, winaaRmdeg SemTxvevaSi iseT, Tavisi droisaTvis Zalze 

mniSvnelovan krebaze, romelic msoflio eklesiis gaerTianebas isaxavda 

miznad, romisa da aRmosavleTis qristianebi erTmaneTTan uTanxmoebaSi ar 

Sevidodnen iberiis eklesiis adgilis ZiebisaTvis. iberiis eklesiis adgili 

diptixSi ZvelTaganve cnobili iyo, amitomac man am `msoflio~ krebaze 

yovelgvari davis gareSe Tavisi adgili daikava. 

XV saukunis pirveli naxevris diptixi, daculi ferara-florenciis krebaze, 

aseTia: 1. romis papi; 2. msoflio (konstantinopolis) patriarqi; 3. 

aleqsandriis; 4. antioqiis; 5. ierusalimis; 6. iberiis; 7. trapezuntis; 8. 

rizes; 9. nikeis; 10. lakedemoniis; 11. nikomediis; 12. trivoniis; 13. amasiis;


jafariZe 

14. mitilenis; 15. tolozinos; 16. stavropolis; 17. tustricis; 18. garinis; 

19. melentinis; 20. aqilis; 21. muldulis patriarqebi da arqiepiskoposebi. 211 

marTalia, am krebaze ase isxdnen eklesiis ierarqebi, magram maTgan 

avtokefalur eklesiad miiCneoda mxolod xuTi eklesia: konstantinopolis, 

aleqsandriis, antioqiis, ierusalimisa da iberiisa, amitomac am avtokefalur 

eklesiaTa warmomadgenlebs am krebaze eWiraT gansakuTrebuli, 

sxvebisagan gansxvavebuli skamebi krebis monawileTa pirvel rigSi, xolo 

iberiis mefis elCi, romelsac agreTve trapezuntis imperatoris mandati 

hqonda, papis Tanmxlebi piris pirdapir ijda. 212 

aseTi saxis iyo `msoflio~ eklesiis di ptixi. marTlmadidebluri diptixidan 

ki amoiRes romis papis moxsenieba, magram amas araviTari gavlena 

ar mouxdenia qarTuli eklesiisaTvis kanonikurad miCneul meeqvse adgilze. 

kerZod, marTalia, marTlmadidebluri diptixidan gavida romis papis 

moxsenieba, ramac vakanturi adgili warmoSva adgilobrivi eklesiebis 

meTaurTa eqvseulSi, magram male vakanturi adgili daiWira ruseTis eklesiam 

msoflio sapatriarqosa da sxva sapatriarqoTa gadawyvetilebiT, rac 

cno qarTulma eklesiam. 

`konstantinopolis patriarqma genadi sxolarim (1453-1460) sxva aRmosavlel 

patriarqebTan erTad cno rusuli eklesiis damoukidebeli arseboba 

da gansazRvra CaTvliliyo avtokefaluri rusuli mitropolia Tavisi 

RirsebiT ierusalimis sapatriarqos Semdeg, e.i. mexuTe adgilobriv marTlmadidebel 

eklesiaTa di ptixSi~. 213 

aqamde qarTul eklesias diptixSi adgili ierusalimis patriarqis Semdeg 

eWira, amis Semdeg ki man Tavisi tradiciuli meeqvse adgili daiWira 

(ruseTis eklesiis Semdeg). 

1589 wels ruseTis sapatriarqos daarsebis Semdeg misma patriarqma 

di ptixSi maRali adgili daikava. `roca didma krebam 1593 wels gansazRvra 

moskovis sapatriarqos mdgomareoba, mas gamoeyo ufro maRali 

adgili, vidre maSin arsebul arqiepiskoposebs avtokefalur da TviTmmarTvel 

eklesiebisa _ arxidiisas, kvi prosisas, iveriisas da pekiisas, magram 

ara aleqsandriis patriarqis Semdeg, rogorc surda ruseTis mefes, 

aramed mxolod ierusalimis patriarqis Semdeg, imasTan dakavSirebiT, rom 

krebis mamebma Sesabamis mimarTvaSi ganacxades wmida mamaTa kanonebis 

Seucvleloba~. 214 

ruseTis mefes surda da aRmosavleTis sapatriarqoebic ar iyvnen winaaRmdegni 

ruseTis patriarqs diptixSi daeWira adgili aleqsandriis patriarqis 

Semdeg, magram radganac wina saukuneebSi wmida mamaTa mier dadgenili 

iyo di ptixSi aleqsandriis sapatriarqos Semdeg antioqiisa da ierusalimis 

patriarqTa xseneba, rac dadasturebuli iyo trulis krebis kanoniT, 

amitomac aRmosavleTis patriarqebma gadawyvites ruseTis patriarqis


istoria 

623 

adgili marTlmadideblur diptixSi yofiliyo ierusalimis patriarqis 

Semdeg. es adgili ruseTis sapatriarqom miiRo Tavisi ara marto sididisa 

da ekonomikuri siZlieris gamo, aramed imitomac, rom im dros mahmadianur 

qveynebSi arsebuli aRmosavleTis yvela patriarqi ruseTis qristianul 

saxelmwifos imedis TvaliT Sescqeroda. aseve iyo saqarTveloSic. amitomac 

qarTulma eklesiam cno da aRiara ruseTis sapatriarqos adgili 

ierusalimis sapatriarqos Semdeg, magram di ptixSi VI adgilze kvlav 

qarTuli eklesia unda yofiliyo. 

qarTulma eklesiam ruseTis patriarqis adgili ierusalimis patriarqis 

Semdeg rom aRiara, amas miuTiTebs saqarTvelos kaTalikos-patriarq antonis 

mimarTva ruseTis imperatrica elisabedisadmi. 1757 wels anton I, 

sruliad saqarTvelos kaTalikos-patriarqi werda: _ `...yovelsa, rasaca 

aRiarebs da daamtkicebs, Seiwynarebs da miiRebs dRes wm. eklesia aRmosavleTisa, 

romel ars konstantinepolisa, aleqsandriisa, antioqiisa da ierusalimisa 

da yovlisa ruseTisa _ meca aRviareb...~ 215 aqedan Cans, rom ukve 

XVII saukunis Semdgom, qarTuli eklesiis diptixi aseTi iyo: 1. konstantinopolis 

msoflio sapatriarqo; 2. aleqsandriis; 3. antioqiis; 4. ierusalimis; 

5. ruseTis sapatriarqoebi; 6. saqarTvelos sapatriarqo. 

amJamadac, marTlmadideblur diptixSi qarTul eklesias uWiravs istoriul-tradiciuli 

meeqvse adgili, rac savsebiT kanonieria. 

qarTuli eklesiis VI adgili ferara-florenciis 

`msoflio~ saeklesio krebaze 

`msoflio~ saeklesio krebebma XV saukunis pirvel naxevarSi Tavisi 

ganviTarebis umaRles dones miaRwies. isini saerTaSoriso kanonmdeblobis 

organoebs warmoadgendnen da ganixilavdnen ara mxolod sasuliero, aramed 

saero da politikur sakiTxebsac. magaliTad, saeklesio krebis kompetenciaSi 

Sedioda saimperatoro taxtze kandidaturebis SerCeva, imperatorebis 

gadayeneba, germanel mTavarTa urTierTobis mowesrigeba, samxreT-aRmosavleTi 

evropis qveynebis TurqeTis agresiisagan dacva da a.S. 

XV saukunis saeklesio krebebi ar warmoadgendnen ubralo iaraRs papebis 

xelSi, rogorc es XII-XIII saukuneebSi iyo. es saeklesio krebebi 

damoukidebel politikas atarebdnen da acxadebdnen pretenziebs umaRles 

avtoritetze saeklesio da saero saqmeebis gadawyvetis dros. isini iTvisebdnen 

agreTve papebis kontrolisa da gasamarTlebis uflebas~. 216 

1389 wels Turqebma kosovos velze evropuli qveynebis koalicia daamarcxes 

da serbeTi daipyres, xolo 1393 wels _ bulgareTi. 1430 wels 

sulTanma murad II-m Tesalonike daikava, amieridan bizantia Sedgeboda 

TviT konstantinopolisagan. imperiis dReebi daTvlili iyo. bizantiis im-


jafariZe 

peratorebi aRmosavleTisa da dasavleTis eklesiebis gaerTianebis fasad 

romisagan elodnen daxmarebis miRebas. mZime mdgomareobam aiZula bizantiis 

imperatorebi manuil II da ioane VIII miemarTaT romis papisadmi winadadebiT, 

kaTolikuri da marTlmadidebluri eklesiebis SeerTebis Taobaze. 

aseTi Zalze mniSvnelovani saqmis gadawyveta miandes msoflio saeklesio 

krebas. es kreba unda yofiliyo Zalze warmomadgenlobiTi da moecva 

msoflios yvela qristianuli eklesia. 1436 wels imperatorma dagzavna 

Tavisi elCebi marTlmadidebel qveynebSi da moiwvia maTi eklesiebis me- 

Taurebi saeklesio krebaze bazelSi. bizantiis imperatorTan da patriarqTan 

erTad italiaSi aRmosavleTis eklesiis 22 warmomadgeneli gaemgzavra, 

maT Soris ori qarTveli. 1436 wels imperatorma ioanem saqarTvelosa 

da trapizonSi saeklesio krebaze elCebis Camosayvanad gagzavna andronike 

iagrini. siropulosi wers, rom `man iberiidan waiyvana ori episkoposi, erTi 

elCi da iberiis mefeTa gansakuTrebuli senatorebi~. isini konstantinopol- 

Si Cavidnen da aqedan patriarqis amalasTan erTad italiaSi gaemgzavrnen. 217 

`laTinur enaze Seqmnil erT TxzulebaSi, romelic am epoqas Seexeba, 

sxva qveynebs Soris moxsenebulia iberiac. igi aq daxasiaTebulia, rogorc 

uzarmazari qveyana, romelsac Tavisi ena da mwerloba gaaCnia, mimdevaria 

berZnuli eklesiisa, magram amave dros aRmasrulebelia sakuTari Cveulebisa 

da hyavs erovnuli samRvdeloeba. 1438 wlis 10 TebervliT daTariRebuli 

erT-erTi saistorio wyarodan irkveva, rom veneciis navsadgurSi Semosulan 

romis papis galerebi. erT maTgans Camouyvania saberZneTis imperatori 

Tavisi amaliT, meores ki _ amave qveynis patriarqi da mravali 

warCinebuli piri... somxeTidan, saqarTvelodan da ruseTidan~. 218 

wyaroebidan Cans, rom saqarTvelos eklesia sxva warmomadgenlebs Soris 

am saeklesio krebaze pativiscemiT sargeblobda. es gamowveuli iyo, rogorc 

ekonomikuri ZlierebiT, aseve mis mier marTlmadideblobis mtkice dacviT. 

1437-1439 wlebis ferara-florenciis saeklesio krebis aqtebi moRweulia 

ori redaqciiT. pirveli maTgani warmoadgens saeklesio krebis kaTolikur 

versias. pirobiTad mas uwodeben àqta latinas~. aqtebis meore redaqcia 

gadmogvcems berZenTa delegaciis prolaTinurad ganwyobili nawilis Tvalsazriss. 

mas uwodeben àkta graekas~. mesame da ZiriTad wyaros warmoadgens 

diakvnisa da didi eklesiarxis silvesteros siropulosis memuarebi. 

CvenTvis sainteresoa konstantinopolis didi eklesiis eklesiarxis siropulosis 

cnoba iberiis eklesiis meTauris Sesaxeb. is mas aRmosavleTis 

patriarqs uwodebs. siropulosi gadmogvcems aseT ambavs: krebisaTvis saWiro 

iyo Tanxebis gamoZebna, imperatorma iberiis eklesiis meTaurs mosTxova 

30 000 _ ìberiis arqiepiskoposma gulmodgined izruna da imperators 

Seacvlevina 30 aTasi fuli 20 aTasze. mas uxvad aqvs simdidre. masTan 

arqieli mivida da misgan mxolod oci miiRo, radgan igi mTeli aRmosavle-


istoria 

625 

Tis patriarqia da mahmadianTa mflobelobis qveS imyofeboda. is sulTans 

aZlevs aTas florins imisaTvis, rom patriarqad ekurTxos. misTvis fulis 

gadaxda mZime ar aris~. 219 

siropulosis Sroma gamoxatavs marTlmadidebluri mimarTulebis Tvalsazriss. 

siropulosi italiaSi Cavida patriarq ioseb II-is anturaJSi. is 

iyo TviTmxilveli da mravali ambis monawile, romelic krebaze xdeboda. 

man TviTve moawera krebis aqtebs xeli. amitomac, misi Tvalsazrisi qarTuli 

eklesiis sapatriarqo wodebis (Rirsebis) Sesaxeb aris konstantinopolis 

eklesiis Tvalsazrisi, radganac siropulosi patriarqTan daaxloebuli 

piri iyo, konstantinopolis mTavari eklesiis eklesiarxi. is qarTuli 

eklesiis meTaurs àRmosavleTis patriarqs~ uwodebs ise, rogorc saqarTvelos 

sazRvrebs gareT tyoba-ierdSi aRmoCenili warwera XI saukunisa. 

siropulosis mixedviT, iberiis eklesia sulTans garkveul Tanxas aZlevda, 

rom misi mamaTmTavari patriarqad kurTxeuliyo. 

zemoT moyvanilidan Cans, rom qarTuli eklesia ferara-florenciis krebaze 

monawileobda rogorc sapatriarqo eklesia. swored amiTaa gamowveuli 

is, rom iberiis eklesiis warmomadgeneli diptixSi daayenes sapatriarqoTa 

rigSi ierusalimis sapatriarqos Semdeg. 

krebaze konstantinopolis patriarqis savarZlis Semdeg oTx skamze 

isxdnen sapatriarqoTa warmomadgenlebi, xolo maT Semdeg raime gansakuTrebuli 

gamoyofis gareSe isxdnen sxva arqiepiskoposebi. konstantinopolis 

patriarqis Semdeg oTx gansakuTrebul skamze isxdnen aleqsandriis, antioqiis, 

ierusalimisa da iberiis sapatriarqoTa warmomadgenlebi _ herakliis 

arqiepiskoposi, romelsac aleqsandriis patriarqis kanonieri mandati 

hqonda da misi adgili ekava, antioqiis patriarqis mier gamozavnili efesiis 

arqiepikoposi, ierusalimis patriarqis warmomadgeneli _ menziis arqiepiskoposi 

da iberiis mefis warmomadgeneli _ iberiis mitropoliti. 220 

papis protonotariusi andrea di santa kroCe Tavis SromaSi florenciis 

krebis Sesaxeb (romelic Semdeg vatikanis bibilioTekarma horacio 

justinianom Seavso) marTlmadidebeli eklesiis ierarqebis CamoTvlis dros 

saqarTvelos warmomadgenels V safexurze ayenebda. 221 (àqtaLlatina~, gv. 

72) konstantinopolis, aleqsandriis, antioqiis da ierusalimis patriarqebis 

Semdeg, romlebic msoflio patriarqebad iTvlebodnen. es maRali adgili 

saeklesio ierarqiaSi maCvenebelia imisa, rom saqarTvelos eklesia am 

dros erT-erT Zlier da gavlenian organizacias warmoadgenda, amasve 

miuTiTebs marTlmadidebeli eklesiis mesveurebisadmi gagzavnili papi evgenis 

werili, romelSic 4 msoflio patriarqis Semdeg moxsenebulia saqarTvelos 

mefe da trapizonis mitropoliti da mxolod Semdegaa dasaxelebuli 

ruseTis, moldo-vlaxeTisa da sxva mitropolitebi. aRsaniSnavia, rom saqarTvelos 

elCebs Cabarebuli hqondaT trapizonis imperatoris mandati da maTi 

saxeliT moqmedebis ufleba hqondaT. 222


jafariZe 

sxva bulaSi, aRmosavleTis eklesiebisadmi mimarTvis dros, papi uwodebs 

àRmosavleTis rCeul xalxebs _ berZnebs, rusebs, qarTvelebs da valaxebs~. 223 

ufro metic, am krebis laTini mwerlebi saqarTvelos araTu me-6 adgilze, 

aramed xandaxan me-3 adgilze moixsenieben, me-5 adgilze ki am krebis 

diptixSi laTini istorikosebi mudam ixsenieben qarTul eklesias. 

am krebis prolaTinurad ganwyobili berZeni samRvdeloeba TavianT àqta 

graekaSi~ saqarTvelos yvela warmomadgenlis CamoTvlis Semdeg moixsenieben 

da dasZenen _ ìyvnen agreTve iberiidanac mitropoliti da erTi 

episkoposi~. saqme isaa, rom am prolaTin berZen avtorebs ar moswondaT 

iberiis eklesiis mier marTlmadideblobis mtkice dacva. 1439 wlis ivliss 

marTlmadidebeli eklesiis warmomadgenelTa umravlesobam xeli moawera 

eklesiebis gaerTianebis aqts, qarTulma eklesiam xeli ar moawera 

krebis dadgenilebas eklesiaTa gaerTianebis Sesaxeb. amiT man prolaTinurad 

ganwyobili berZeni samRvdeloebis ukmayofileba gamoiwvia, rac 

aisaxa kidec àqta graekaSi~. 

uniis mowinaaRmdege saqarTvelos elCi TavisTan miiwvia molaparakebisaTvis 

romis papma. papi mis mimarT iCenda pativiscemas, radganac is 

ganaTlebuli yofila da marTlmadidebluri sarwmunoebis sakiTxebSi Seuryeveli. 

iberiis elCma paps upasuxa: `Cveni eklesia mosawonia da Cvens 

dogmebs vemorCilebiT, Cveni eklesia Zalian mtkiced icavs TiToeul cnebas 

Cveni uflis ieso qristesi, aseve wmida mociqulTa tradiciebs... eklesiis 

saxelganTqmuli maswavleblebis swavlas maSinve gadmoviRebT xolme Cvens 

enaze. amisgan arasodes ar gadagvixvevia, araferi ar dagvimatebia. romis 

eklesiam ki mravali ram daumata da sabolood wmida mamebis swavlebis 

sazRvrebi gadalaxa. amis gamo Tqvens eklesias Cven CamovSordiT da orive 

gayris gziT wavediT~... amis Semdeg iberma paps urCia xeli ar exlo 

barbarosul enebze arsebuli dogmebisaTvis, romelTa ZaliT warTmeva da 

maT nacvlad Tavisis danergva surs. papma pasuxi faruli simwariT moismina 

da gancvifrebuli gaCumda~. 224 swored amitom qarTulma delegaciam 

uaryo uniis miReba. 

iberiidan krebaze gagzavnili yofila sami warmomadgeneli: ori sasuliero 

piri _ Tbileli episkoposebi grigoli da ioane, agreTve gamoCenili 

samoqalaqo piri. 225 

aRsaniSnavia, rom krebaze warmodgenili marTlmadidebeli eklesiebis 

umravlesobam cno unia da xeli moawera krebis aqtebs gaerTianebis Sesaxeb. 

dekrets gaerTianebis Sesaxeb xeli moaweres berZenTa imperatorma, 

patriarqma da berZnuli eklesiis wevrebma. 226 

evropeli mecnierebi, mag. d. jila, am krebas msoflio krebas uwodeben. 

jila, kerZod, werda _ `rac ar unda iTqvas, es iyo msoflio kreba, romelmac 

Seafasa da gadawyvita doqtrinis sakiTxebi~. 227


istoria 

627 

marTalia, rusuli Tanadrouli wyaroebi uaryofiTad afaseben am krebas, 

magram mainc mas `merve krebas~ uwodeben. agreTve `msoflio krebis~ saxeliTac 

moixsenieben (erTi rusuli wyaro `yaCaRurs~ uwodebs). 228 

ferara-florenciis saeklesio krebam gansakuTrebuli yuradReba miaqcia 

diptixis sakiTxs. krebam uniis Sesaxeb dekretSi, romelsac xeli moaweres 

berZenTa imperatorma da aRmosavleTis sapatriarqoebma, daadgina, Tu rogori 

unda yofiliyo rigiToba msoflio patriarqebisa saeklesio diptixSi. 229 

rogorc vTqviT, ferara-florenciis `msoflio~ saeklesio krebaze qarTul 

eklesias diptixSi mudam VI adgili eWira, romis, konstantinopolis, aleqsandriis, 

antioqiis da ierusalimis sapatriarqoebis Semdeg, amitomac dabejiTebiT 

unda iTqvas, rom XV saukunisaTvis bizantiis imperatori, romis papi, konstantinopolis 

msoflio patriarqi, aleqsandriisa, antioqiisa da ierusalimis sapatriarqoebi 

aRiarebdnen da cnobdnen qarTuli eklesiis VI adgils diptixSi. 

qarTuli eklesiis Sinagani diptixi 

(jdomisa (jdomisa da da dgomis dgomis wesi) wesi) 230 

qarTul eklesiaSi episkoposebi wirva-locvis Tu darbazobis dros isxdnen 

saepiskoposoebis Rirsebis mixedviT. amis Sesaxeb daculia cnobebi uZvelesi 

droidan vidre XVIII saukunis CaTvliT. 

darbazobis Tu romelime ceremonialis dros mRvdelmTavrebi _ àrian 

mdgomareni: ...TYsTa xarisxTa Sina... viTarca-igi ganwesebul ars samRvdelo- 

Ta dasTaTYs~. 

samRvdelo dass hqonia Tavisi `ganweseba~, romlis Tanaxmad, Tavisi xarisxis 

Sesabamisad unda dadges mRvdelmTavari, da ara marto mRvdelmTavari, aramed 

TavianTi ganweseba aqvT samRvdeloebas _ `dekanozebs, kandelakebs da krebuls~. 

diptixs ZvelqarTulad ewodeboda _ `samRvdeloTa dasTa wyobileba~, an 

`wesdeba da garigeba~ da aseve `zeviT da qveviT dgomis wesi~. 

`samRvdeloTa dasTa wyobileba~ erTiani saqarTvelos saxelmwifos arsebobis 

dros sxvagvari yofila, xolo samefos daSlis Semdeg `samRvdelo- 

Ta dasTa wesdeba da garigeba~ Secvlila. diptixSi Zveli wesebis Secvla 

gamouwvevia imasac, rom axali saepiskoposoebi gaCenila, xolo zogierTi 

Zveli gamqrala. am mdgomareobas gamouwvevia diptixis aSla da amis gamo 

_ `zeviT da qvemoT dgomaze mravali cileba da ganxeTqileba ars mRvdelmTavarTa, 

arximandritTa, protopapTa da samRudeloTa dasTa Soris~. 231 

erTiani saqarTvelos saxelmwifos arsebobis dros diptixis rigi mtkiced 

yofila gansazRvruli da aRwerilia rogorc samefo matianeebSi, 

aseve saeklesio sabuTebSi _ `...odes saqarTuelo iyo sruliad erTsamefo, 

maSin samRudeloTa dasTa wyobileba da xarisxni iyunen sruliad mis-missa 

xarisxsa Sina wesdgomiT, viTa ixilvebis qarTlis aRwerisa matianesa Sina 

da egreTve mcxeTisa werilsa Sina xucursa~. 232


jafariZe 

saqarTvelos erTiani saxelmwifos daSlis Semdgom diptixis, anu wesdgomis 

rigic Seicvala _ `xolo odes saqarTvelo ganiyo da sam sameufod 

gansqda: qarTlad, kaxeTad da imereTad da agreTve xuT samTavrod, e.i. 

saaTabagod, sadadianod, sagurielod, saafxazod da sasvaneTod, maSin yovelTave 

mefeTaca da mTavarTaca TYs TYsad sardrebi ganiweses... egreTve didebismoyuarebisaTYs 

romelTame axalni episkoposni dasxes, romelime saepiskoposo 

avis drosagan moiSala, romelime damdablda, romelime amaRlda da 

arRara ars adrindeli wesdeba da garigeba...~ 233 

samRvdeloTa dasTa Zveli wesdebisa da garigebis moSlis gamo, rogorc 

aRvniSneT, eklesiaSi arev-dareva Seqmnila. 

qarTl-kaxeTis samefoSi erT-erTi samgloviaro ceremoniis dros, XVIII 

saukuneSi, `samRvdelo dasTaTYs ganweseba da dawyobileba~ ase yofila 

gansazRvruli ceremonmaistris mier _ ùwmidesi kaTalikos-patriarxi, piruelni 

mitropolitni, arxiepiskoposni, episkoposni, pirvelni arximandritni... 

xolo Semdgomad sxvani mRudelni, viTa maTni mRudelmTavarni iyunen mdgomareni, 

egreT maTni dekanosni, kandelakni da krebulni iyunen mdgomni 

TYsTa xarisxTa Sina. egreT hsdgen viTa igi ganwesebul ars werilTa Sina 

samRudeloTa dasTaTYs~. 234 

dokumentSi, romelsac ewodeba `kurTxeva mironisa~ da romelsac XIII 

saukuniT aTariReben, saqarTvelos (Cans aRmosavleT saqarTvelos) mRvdelmTavrebi 

darbazobis dros sxdebodnen Semdegi saxiT _ `gangeba darbazobisa 

_ raJams ikurTxos mefe da dajdes taxtsa zeda, efiskoposni am wesiTa 

dasxden: 1. brZanos qarTlisa kaTalikozman da dajdes marjueniT mefisa, 

taxtsa zeda mokidebiT, natiTa da baliSiTa; 2. Semovides Wyondideli da 

dajdes marcxeniT mefisa, natiTa da baliSiTa; 3. Semovides didisa somxe- 

Tisa mitropoliti da dajdes kaTalikozisa quemoT, natiTa da baliSiTa; 4. 

Semovides mTavarefiskopozi da dajdes mitropolitsa quemoT, natiTa, ubaliSod; 

5. Semovides mawyuereli da dajdes mTavarefiskopozsa quemoT, nati- 

Ta, ubaliSod; 6. Semovides amba alaverdeli da dajdes Wyondidelsa 

quemoT natiTa, ubaliSod; 7. Semovides qisiyeli da dajdes amba alaverdelsa 

quemoT unatod; 8. Semovides kumurdoeli da dajdes qisiyelsa 

quemoT; 9. Semovides ninowmideli arqimandriti da dajdes qisiyelsa quemoT; 

10. Semovides iSxneli da dajdes kumurdoelsa quemoT; 11. Semovides 

anCeli arqimandriti da dajdes ninowmidelsa quemoT; 12. Semovides mtbevari 

da dajdes anCelsa quemoT; 13. Semovides wurwyabeli da dajdes 

mtbevarsa quemoT; 14. Semovides wyaroAsTveli da dajdes wurwyabelsa 

quemoT; 15. Semovides eruSneli da dajdes wyaroAsTvelsa quemoT; 16. 

Semovides mangleli da dajdes eruSnelsa quemoT; 17. Semovides winwyaroeli 

da dajdes manglelsa quemoT; 18. Semovides rusTveli da dajdes 

winwyaroelsa quemoT; 19. Semovides wilkneli da dajdes rusTvelsa que-


istoria 

629 

moT; 20. Semovides kawareli da dajdes wilknelsa quemoT; 21. Semovides 

urbneli da dajdes kawarelsa quemoT; 22. Semovides mrueli da dajdes 

urbnelsa quemioT; 23. Semovides samTavneli da dajdes mruelsa quemoT; 

24. Semovides niqozeli da dajdes samTavnelsa quemoT; 25. Semovides 

valaSkerteli da dajdes niqozelsa quemoT; 26. Semovides bolneli mamaTmTavari 

da dajdes valaSkertelsa quemoT; 27. Semovides kareli mamamTavari 

da dajdes bolnelsa quemoT; 28. Semovides xarWaSneli da dajdes 

karelsa quemoT; 29. Semovides tfileli da dajdes xarWaSnelsa quemoT; 

30. Semovides walkeli da dajdes tfililsa quemoT; 31. Semovides baneli 

da dajdes walkelsa quemoT; 32. Semovides Werem-qalaqeli da dajdes 

banelsa quemoT; 33. Semovides dmaneli da dajdes Werem-qalaqelsa quemoT; 

34. Semovides dadaSneli da dajdes dmanelsa quemoT; 35. Semovides giSeli 

da dajdes dadaSnelsa quemoT. modgnen yovelTa monasterTa moZRuarni 

da winamZRuarni da maTiTa wesiTa winamoisxdnen efiskoposTa~. 235 

aqedan Cans, rom darbazobisa da sxva oficialuri Sekrebis dros episkoposebi 

sxdebodnen sagangebo wesiT, maTi kaTedrebis Rirsebis mixedviT. 

imave Sekrebis dros samRvdeloebac sagangebo wesis mixedviT sxdeboda 

Tav-Tavisi episkoposebis win _ TavianTi wodebisa da Rirsebis mixedviT. 

es dokumenti, rogorc sxvagan gvqonda aRniSnuli, xelT hqoniaT erekle II-sa 

da kaTalikos antons da amis mixedviT ganusazRvravT ninowmidelis pativi da 

adgili. es dokumenti ereklesa da antons miaCndaT im Zvel dros Sedgenilad, 

roca qalaqi tfilisi ar iyo samefo, anu sataxto qalaqi, aramed _ nisani da 

quTaTisi, amis gamoo, _ weren isini, _ Tbileli episkoposis pativi da Rirseba 

SedarebiT mcirea da is dgas episkoposTa rigis boloSio~. 236 

am dokumentis gadamwers erT-erT mTavar nusxaSi amba alaverdelis 

gaswvriv marcxena kideze miuweria _ `Semovides cixe-gojeli da dajdes 

bediels quemoT~. 237 bolneli mamamTavris gaswvriv marjvena kideze gadamwers 

miuweria _ `Semovides aneli da dajdes bolnelsa quemoT~. 238 

minaweridan _ `Semovides cixe-gojeli da dajdes bediels quemoT,~ Cans, 

rom arsebula ara marto aRmosavleT saqarTvelos episkoposTa pativisa 

da Rirsebis adgilis ganweseba, aramed dasavleT saqarTvelos, anu afxaze- 

Tis sakaTalikosos `wesdgoma~. 

motanili nawyvetidan Cans, rom pativiT cixe-gojeli ufro qvemoT dgas 

bedielze. 

saerTod, aRsaniSnavia, rom saqarTvelos erTiani saxelmwifos arsebobisas 

darbazobis dros mefis marjvniv isxdnen, anda idgnen qarTlis sakaTalikosos 

episkoposebi, xolo mefis marcxniv afxazeTis sakaTalikosos episkoposebi. 

amaze migviTiTebs sabuTi _ `wesi da gangeba mefed kurTxevisa~, 

romelsac XIII saukuniT aTariReben. aq aRniSnulia _ `marjuene Keli 

kaTalikozTa eWiros, xolo marcxene Keli afxazeTisa kaTalikozsa...~ 239 e.i.


jafariZe 

mefis marjvniv qarTlis kaTalikosi dgas, xolo marcxniv _ afxazeTis 

kaTalikosi. im SemTxvevaSi, Tu afxazeTis kaTalikosi ar eswreboda mefis 

kurTxevas, misi adgili mefis marcxniv SeeZlo daeWira Wyondidels mTavarepiskoposs 

anda iSxnels, ceremoniis moTxovnilebaTa mixedviT. mefis 

daburvis Rirseba mefis kurTxvis dros hqonia afxazeTis kaTalikoss, an 

mTavarepiskoposs. xolo qarTl-kaxeTis samefos bolo wlebSi samRvdeloeba 

ceremoniis dros orad iyofoda _ marjvniv mcxeTis samRvdeloeba 

dgeboda, xolo marcxniv alaverdis samRvdeloeba. e.i. qarTlisa da kaxeTisa. 

_ `...marjueniT mcxeTisa, xolo marcxeniT alaverdisa...~ 240 

mefis marcxniv adgili Zveli erTianobis dros afxazeTis sakaTalikosos 

episkoposebs unda daeWiraT, magram samefos daSlis Semdeg marcxena 

adgili alaverdelma episkoposma daiWira. 

1745 wels Teimurazis mefed kurTxevis dros, darbazobisas, mefis marjvniv 

dajda saqarTvelos kaTalikos-patriarqi _ `xolo vinaATgan arca 

samegreloAsa da imeriTisa episkopozni arcaRa mesxni iyunes mun, sxvadasxvaTa 

mier mizezTa, da saydarica somxiTisa mitropolitisa moSlil iyo 

Zveladve, da ganeCinaT yoveli pativi somxiTis mitropolitisa amba-alaverdelisad, 

dajda marcxeniT mefisa amba alaverdeli... somxiTisa mitropolitisa 

pativisa Rirsqmnili mefisa leon I-is mier, adgilsa Wyondidelisasa, 

marcxeniT mefisa~. 241 

e.i. leon I-is dros amba alaverdelma miiRo somxeTis mitropolitis 

pativi, xolo darbazobis dros mieniWa Rirseba Wyondidelis adgilze 

jdomisa _ mefis marcxniv. 

sanam ganvixilavdeT mefis marcxniv àfxazeTis sakaTalikosos~ episkoposebis 

`wesdgomas~, manamde unda iTqvas, rom erTiani saqarTvelos saxelmwifos 

Seqmnis Semdgom, XI saukunidan, saqarTvelos patriarqi (anu rac igivea 

_ qarTlis kaTalikosi), afxazeTis kaTalikosi, Wyondideli da moZRvarTmoZRvari 

xdebian saxelmwifos moxeleebi, isini Sedian umaRles sakanonmdeblo 

sabWoSi, romelSic mefesTan erTad Sedioda agreTve sami veziri. 

`darbazis kari~ Sedgeboda òTxi berisagan~ da `sami vezirisagan~. òTxi 

beri~ arian _ 1. moZRvarT-moZRvari; 2. patriarqi; 3. afxazeTis kaTalikosi; 

4. Wyondideli. `sami veziri~ arian _ 1. aTabagi (mogvianebiT, manamde, albaT, 

sxva saxeli iyo); 2. amirspasalari; 3. mandaturT-uxucesi. 

`...darbaziT aTqs oTxTave: moZRvarT-moZRvarsa, kaTalikozTa, Wyondidelsa 

da samTave vezirTa: aTabagsa, amir-spasalarsa da mandaturT-uxucessa~. 242 

àmirejibi _ kaTalikozTa, moZRvarT-moZRvarsa, Wyondidelsa _ amaT win 

tablas dasdgamen... es oTxive adgebian... aTabagsa, amir-spasalarsa da mandaturT-uxucessa 

tabaks ejibi daudgams, adgebian. gamgeT-uxucesi monazonT 

oTxTave sam-samis jamiT, egreTve samTa vezirTa iTvalavs...~ 243


istoria 

631 

darbazis kari _ umaRlesi saxelmwifo organo _ Sedgeba oTxi monazonisagan, 

anu oTxi berisagan da sami vezirisagan. 

òTxi berisagan~ Seqmnili sabWo, romelic arsebobda mefesTan, Cans, warmoadgenda 

qarTuli eklesiis sinods, radganac darbazis kars ufleba 

hqonda mieca kanoni eklesiebisaTvis _ `kanons darbazis kariT miiRebdnen~ 

eklesia-monastrebio, _ weria erT dokumentSi. Semdeg saukuneTa dokumentebSic 

es oTxi beri, anu oTxi monazoni moCans. 

darbazobis dros moZRvarT-moZRvari mefis marjvniv dgeboda, an jdeboda. 

moZRvarT-moZRvari Zalze sapatio monazonia. mas mefe darbazobis dros 

ufro meti pativiT xvdeboda, vidre kaTalikosebsa da Wyondidels. mefe 

noxispirze miegebeboda moZRvarT-moZRvars, e.i. mis win dafenil noxs mefe 

mTlianad gaivlida, xolo kaTalikosebisa da Wyondidelis misalmebis dros 

mefes survilisamebr SeeZlo gaevlo noxis mesamedi, anda saerTod ar 

gaevlo, adgilzeve darCeniliyo. aseTive wesiT egebeboda mefe samive vezirsac, 

e.i. moZRvarT-moZRvris pativi aRemateboda, rogorc darCenili monazvnebis, 

aseve samive veziris pativsac. 

`moZRvarT-moZRvari Sevides da eTayvanos mefesa da merme mefeca eTayvanos... 

mefe noxTa pirsa moegebeis da moesalmos: `moaxsne~, brZanoso. 

wavides [moZRvarT-moZRvari] da marjveniT gardadges axlo... kaTalikozi, 

romelic movides egreTve eTayvanos... gina noxsa zeda mesamedi warmoiaros 

da miTve wesiTa Wyondidelsa da samTa vezirTa awvios~. 244 

mefesTan darbazis karis Sekrebis dros mefis marjvniv adgils iWeren 

mwignobarTuxucesi da qarTlis kaTalikosi, xolo mefis marcxniv _ Wyondideli 

da afxazeTis kaTalikosi. xolo darbazobis dros mefis marjvniv 

qarTlis kaTalikosis qvemoT sxdebian aRmosavleT saqarTvelos episkoposebi 

Tavisi wesis mixedviT, xolo mefis marcxniv afxazeTis kaTalikosis 

qvemoT sxdebian dasavleT saqarTvelos episkoposebi. 

moZRvarT-moZRvris pativis gadidebiT odnav Semcirebulia saqarTvelos 

patriarqis (qarTlis kaTalikosis) pativi, xolo Wyondidelis pativis gadidebiT 

Semcirebulia afxazeTis kaTalikosis pativi, anu eklesiis TviTmmarTveloba 

SezRudulia saxelmwifos mier. SeiZleba vivaraudoT, rom saeklesio 

kanonmdebelia ara patriarqi, aramed oTxi berisagan Seqmnili sabWo, 

romelic darbazis karze arsebobs. 

dasavleT saqarTvelos kaTedraTa Soris erT-erTi sapatio yofila qu- 

TaTelis kaTedra. quTaTelis pativi iseTive yofila, rogoric iSxnelisa. 

Tu ra didi iyo iSxnelis pativi, iqidanac Cans, rom darbazobis dros 

iSxnelis misalmebisas mefe or-sam nabijs gadadgamda, xolo sxva episkoposTa 

misalmebisas adgilidanac ar daiZvroda _ `ra sworad episkoposni 

mividnen imieriT: iSxneli, mawyvereli, anCeli, mtbevari da golgoTeli, maT 

raA eTayvanen... iSxnelisaTYs ufro mdablad da ori anu sami biji warmoiaros 

da miesalmos; da am sxuaTaTYs sworad nu daiZvris~. 245


jafariZe 

iSxnelisa da quTaTelis pativi Tanabari yofila _ `da miT erTob 

sabatio aris [quTaTeli} da iSxnelis swori pativi marTebs~, 246 e.i. quTaTelis 

misalmebis drosac mefe or-sam nabijs warmodgamda. 

didi pativi hqonia agreTve bediis episkopossac, radganac `...bedieli 

mosaflavea [mefisa] da quTaTeli [makurTxevelica] da mesaflavec aris~. 247 

aqedan Cans, rom dasavleT saqarTvelos episkoposebis `wesdgoma~ iqneboda 

aseTi saxisa: 1. mefis marcxniv dgeboda afxazeTis, anu biWvinTis kaTalikosi; 

2. mefis marcxniTve iyo adgili Wyondidelisa, magram ara afxaze- 

Tis kaTalikosis qvemoT, aramed mis gverdiT. maTi pativi Tanabari iqneboda, 

radganac Wyondideli mefis moxelea _ `Wyondideli mama ars mefisa~; 248 3. 

afxazeTis kaTalikosis qvemoT adgili ekuTvnoda quTaTel episkoposs, radganac 

dasavleT saqarTvelos kaTedraTa Soris mxolod quTaisis taZarSi 

akurTxebdnen mefes. quTaisis taZarSi inaxeboda mefis skiptra da gvirgvini. 

`...[quTaTelis saydarsa Sina] mefeni dailocvian... quTaTelman ase Tqua, 

Tu: àw, orjer-samjer Cems saydarsa Sigan orni mefeni dalocvilan da ar 

memarTlebi, gYrgYni anu skiptra Cems saydarsa Sigan ar dasdva~. da merme 

vezirT da erTobilT laSqarTa Tqves Tu `quTaTeli umarTlea~ da skiptra 

quTaTels gauCines...~ 249 4. quTaTeli episkoposis qvemoT adgili ekuTvnoda 

bediel episkoposs, radganac `...bedieli mosaflavea [mefisa]... didi 

giorgi, romelman basili berZenTa mefe gaaqcia misisa [bedielis] saydarsa 

Sigan ars...~ 250 5. Cans, erT dros bedielis qvemoT adgili eWira cixe-gojel 

episkoposs, amaze gvaqvs pirdapiri miTiTeba _ `Semovides cixe-gojeli da 

dajdes bediels quemoT~. 251 danarCeni dasavleT saqarTvelos episkoposebis 

adgilis gansazRvra darbazobis dros Znelia. 

maSasadame, afxazeTis sakaTalikosoSi `wesdgoma~ aseTi unda yofiliyo: 

1. afxazeTis kaTalikosi; 

2. Wyondideli; 

3. quTaTeli; 

4. bedieli; 

5. cixe-gojeli... 

erTiani saqarTvelos saxelmwifos daSlis Semdgom didi pativi mieca 

alaverdis saepiskoposo kaTedras, gansakuTrebiT erekle II-is dros. 

`q. Cuen, sruliad saqarTvelos mefeman iraklim ese ganaCeni davdeviT am 

rigaT: Zveladganve CvenTa CamomavlobaTa mier maTi yovlad samRvdelooba 

arxiepizkopozi alaverdisa didad gapatiosnebuli aris sxvaTa saqarTveloTa 

yovlad samRvdeloTa zeda da umetesi pativi miscemies~. 252 

erekle II-m gazarda aseve ninowmideli episkoposis adgili da pativi. 

erekle II-is dros saqarTvelos eklesiis Sina diptixi aseTi iyo (aRmosavleT 

saqarTveloSi):


istoria 

633 

1. `zemoAsa saqarTveloAsa mamaTmTavari kaTalikos-patriarxi~; 

2. arqiepiskoposi amba-alaverdeli _ somxiTisa mitropoliti; 

3. mitropoliti qisiyeli; 

4. mitropoliti Tbileli; 

5. mitropoliti ninowmideli; 

6. mangleli; 

7. rusTveli; 

8. wilkneli; 

9. kawareli, urbneli, mroveli, nekreseli, samTavneli, niqozeli, bolneli, 

xarWaSneli, walkeli, dmaneli, giSeli _ moSlili saepiskoposoebi. 

erekle II ninowmidelis adgils 1749 wlis dokumentiT sazRvravs Tbilelis 

qvemoT _ àmisaTvis, Semdgomad qisiyelisa da tfilelisa mitropolitTa 

aqvndes adgili mitropolitobiT mieriTagan yovelTa yovlad-samRudelo- 

Ta ninowmidelTa...~ 253 

`...miveciT ninowmidelsa mRudelmTavarsa adgili krebasa Sina dgomisa 

anu jdomisa, uzemoes manglelisa, rusTvelisa da walkelisa da Tu same 

iqmnes ganaxleba kawarelisa... urbnelisa da mrovelisa, nekreselisa, samTavnelisa, 

niqozelisa... bolnelisa... xarWaSnelisaca... walkelisaca da dmanelisa... 

giSelisaca... TYT Tbilelisaca uzemoes aqunda adgili krebasa Sina yovlad-samRudelosa 

ninowmidelsa, viTar igi weril ars ganCinebasa Sina 

mefeTa gvirgvinosan-yofiTa da darbazobisaTa... samefo qalaqi ara iyo 

Tbilisi droTa mas Sina, aramed nisani da quTaTisi... papaman Cuenman irakli 

pirvelman... tfileli episkopozi... mitropolit hyo... eseve saydari samitropolito 

tfilelisa Rirsad... qvemo qisiyelis mitropolitisa saydrisa, 

vqmeniT ara ugangebod. amisTvis, Semdgomad qisiyelisa da tfilelisa mitropolitTa 

aqvndes adgili mitropolitobiT... ninowmidelTa...~ 254 

aqedan Cans, rom ereklesa da antonis ganCinebiT, erT dros ninowmidelis 

adgili TviT Tbilelis maRla yofila, rac imiT yofila gamowveuli, rom 

Tbilisi Zveli darbazobis ganCinebis dros samefo qalaqi ar yofila. Semdgom, 

roca tfilisi dedaqalaqi gamxdara, Teimuraz II-s TbilelisaTvis miuniWebia 

mitropolitobis pativi da darbazobis dros TbilelisaTvis ganuCeniaT 

adgili _ `qvemo qisiyelisa~, e.i. qisiyelis qvemoT dajdeboda Tbileli, xolo 

ninowmidels adgili ganusazRvres qisiyelisa da Tbilelis qvemoT.


jafariZe 

Tavi IX 

`gaqarTvelebis~ moZvelebuli 

Teoria 

`qarTvelma Tavisi sarwmunoebisaTvis 

jvarcmulma, icis pativi sxvis sarwmunoebisac. 

amitomac Cvens istoriaSi ar 

aris magaliTi, rom qarTvels survebiyos 

odesme sxvisa sarwmunoebis daCagvra da 

devna. somexni, ebraelni, TviT mahmadiannica, 

Cvens Soris mcxovrebni, amaSi Cven 

verafers ver wagvayvedreben~. 


marTali marTali


istoria 

Teoria qarTuli eklesiis mier saqarTvelos kuTxeTa 

`gaqarTvelebis~ Sesaxeb 

635 

..... saqarTvelo aris is qveyana, sadac 

mecnieruli azri ar Zveldeba, miT umetes, 

Tu mas patroni hyavs. Cveni mecnierebi erTxel, 

odesRac gamoTqmul azrs xSirad ver 

elevian; arada, wesiT yvela mecnieruli azri 

ar SeiZleba iyos maradiuli, zogi unda 

Zveldebodes. radgan azri Tu ar moZvelda, 

arc progresi iqneba, yovel SemTxvevaSi, 

gansxvavebul azrs mainc unda mivceT 

arsebobis ufleba~. 

arCil arCil arCil arCil arCil sulakauri 

sulakauri 

sulakauri 

sulakauri 

sulakauri 

VIII-X saukuneebi qarTuli eklesiis istoriaSi mniSvnelovani yofila 

imiT, rom am dros Turme mimdinareobda qalkedonuri sarwmunoebis mqone 

somxebis gaqarTveleba. gaqarTvelebula somexTa didi raodenoba, imdenad 

didi, rom amas uzarmazari danaklisi miucia somexi xalxisaTvis da am 

procesis Sedegad somxeTs daukargavs erovnuli teritoriebis nawili, 

saqarTvelo ki gamdidrebula miwebiT, romelzedac mosaxle gaqarTvelebuli 

somxebi saqarTvelos kulturul cxovrebaSi brwyinavdnen TavianTi 

umaRlesi xarisxis mwarmoeblurobis Sedegad (n. mari). 

qarTuli eklesia uSualo kavSirSi aRmoCenila somxeTis am tragediasTan, 

radganac gaqarTvelebulan qalkedoniti somxebi, qarTuli eklesia ki 

sazogadod am mimarTulebisaa. ufro metic, qarTuli eklesia Turme iWreboda 

somxeTis miwa-wyalze da somexi samRvdeloebis namoRvaw da namuSakev 

adgilebze qarTul eklesia-monastrebs awesebda (i. abulaZe). 

mainc somxeTis romel teritoriebzea saubari, sad iyo im somxebis miwawyali, 

romlebic kargavdnen erovnebas da qarTveldebodnen? 

zogierTi mecnieris azriT, mesxeTi (tao, klarjeTi) da saerTod saqarTvelos 

samxreTi nawili istoriuli somxeTia, romelic saqarTvelos SemouerTda 

aq mosaxle `somxebis gaqarTvelebis~ Sedegad, garda amisa, qvemo qarTlic 

somxeTis nawili yofila, romelic aseve gaqarTvelebula~. 

ufro metic, maTi azriT, X saukunemde àraqarTuli~ qveynebi yofilan 

hereTi da dasavleT saqarTveloc. mesxeTis msgavsad, X saukuneSi hereTi 

gaqalkedonebula da amiT herebi gaqarTvelebulan, xolo amave droisaTvis 

dasavleT saqarTveloSi qarTulenovani wirva-locvis SemoRebis Sedegad 

es mxarec gaqarTvelebula.


jafariZe 

aseTia daskvnebi zogierTi mecnierisa. 

maS sadRa iyo saqarTvelo, sad cxovrobda qarTveli xalxi? aleqsandre 

abdalaZec am kiTxvas svams somxur enciklopediaSi dabeWdil r. xonelias 

statiis ganxilvis Semdgom: _ `...r. xonelias rom kacma yuri ugdos (vai, rom 

hyavs mas sakmaod mravalricxovani auditoria!) qarTlis elementi X saukuneSi 

aramcTu dasavleT, aRmosavleT saqarTveloSic ar yofila. Zalian mainteresebs 

r. xonelias azriT, rodis da saidan gaCndnen qarTvelebi?!~ 1 

`...gamovida kidev erTi wigni àzerbaijanis istoriuli geografia~, romelsac 

1987 wlis TariRi uzis... am wignSi gatarebulia azri, rom albanelebi 

azerbaijanelTa uSualo winaprebi arian, xolo ingiloebi _ gaqarTvelebuli 

albanelebi... aseve `gaqarTvelebulia~ kaxeTis didi nawili, hereTi da 

a.S. xom xedavT, sanamdis midis saqme?~ _ wers r. miminoSvili (ix. lit. saq. 

24 ivnisi, 1988 w. `dRes an arasodes~). ramdenadac cnobilia, n. maris 

gavleniT istorikosebis mier SemuSavebuli Teoriis Tanaxmad, erTiani qarTveli 

xalxis Camoyalibeba dasrulda XI saukunisaTvis. 2 

n. maris Teoriebze dafuZnebuli Sromebis Tanaxmad, `qarTebis~ toms 

didZali mosaxleoba Seemata sxvadasxva tomebis gaqalkedonitebisa da 

maTTvis qarTulenovani wirva-locvis danergvis Sedegad, riTac TiTqosda 

safuZveli daedo erTiani qarTveli xalxis Camoyalibebas. 

`qristianobis gavrceleba aRm. saqarTvelos mTianeTSi maT qarTizacias 

ganapirobebda. rac Seexeba das. saqarTvelos... das. saqarTveloSi gabatonda 

qarTuli eklesia da mRvdelmsaxurebac qarTul enaze sruldeboda, 

ramac didad Seuwyo xeli das. saqarTvelos qarTizaciis process~ (q.s.e. t 

`saq. ssr~, gv. 61). 

saerTod, termini `qarTi~ niko maris SemoRebulia. cxadia, misganve momdinareobs 

idea aRmosavleT saqarTvelos mTianeTis da das. saqarTvelos 

mosaxleobis `qarTizaciis~ Sesaxeb. xelovnuria termini da idea. sinamdvileSi, 

ZvelqarTul wyaroTa Tanaxmad, arc mTianeTisa da arc dasavleT 

saqarTvelos mosaxleobas `qarTizacia~ ar esaWiroeboda, radganac ZvelTaganve 

da farnavaz mefis drosac, rogorc mTielebi, ise egriselebi qarTveli 

xalxis ZiriTad nawilad ganixilebodnen. ise, rogorc saqarTvelos 

sxva kuTxeTa mcxovrebni. 

niko maris mier SemoRebuli Teoriis Tanaxmad, erTiani qarTveli xalxi 

qristianobis gavrcelebis Semdeg Camoyalibda imiT, rom `qarTis~ tomma 

qristianobis meoxebiT moaxerxa sxvadasxva tomebis `qarTizacia~, ramac 

ganapiroba qarTveli xalxis Seqmna. sinamdvileSi ki, erTiani qarTveli 

xalxi jer kidev qristianobamde arsebobda erTiani saxelmwifoTi. 

Zveli qarTveli istorikosebi ki Tvlidnen, rom qarTveli xalxi ukve 

arsebobda pirveli erTiani qarTuli saxelmwifos Seqmnis dros qristemde 

IV-III saukuneebSi. aseTive Sexedulebis iyo didi ilia WavWavaZe da misi


istoria 

637 

drois qarTveli istorikosebi (d. baqraZe, m. TamaraSvili, i. gvaramaZe, T. 

Jordania, m. janaSvili da sxvebi), mxolod n. maris Semdgom iqna uaryofili 

es Tvalsazrisi. 

aRsaniSnavia, rom n. mari aRzrdili iyo profesor patkanovis mier, amitomac 

n. mari aviTarebda patkanovis saistorio Sexedulebebs. 

patkanovis saistorio skolas kritikis qarcecxlSi atarebda didi ilia. 

patkanovio, _ werda ilia marTali, `... xels iwvdis taoskarze, exlandel 

Woroxis xeobaze~. 3 

`me patkanovis Segirdi varo, iZaxis TavmowonebiT b-ni mari... Tumca patkanovisamebr 

oinebSi jer Tavi ar uCenia... sxvafriv ki imis gzaze damdgara~. 4 

marTalia, ilias am werilis daweris dros, n. mars patkanovisamebr oineb- 

Si jer Tavi ar eCina, magram XX saukunis damdegs Woroxis xeobaze (taosa 

da klarjeTze) manac `xeli gaiwoda~ da Tavi gamoiCina: _ `n. maris daskvniT, 

Tumca klarjeTi, taosTan erTad SemoerTebuli iqnao saqarTvelosTan VIII- 

IX saukuneebSi, magram mosaxleobis SemadgenlobiT igi, viTomc amis Semdegac 

somxuri darCa. 

klarjeTi, ise rogorc tao, dasaxlebuli iyoo somxebiT, romlebic sarwmunoebiT 

qalkedonitebi (e.i. marTlmadideblebi) iyvneno. klarjeTisa da 

taos mosaxleobas viTomc aerTebda saqarTvelosTan mxolod es sarwmunoebrivi 

erToba (marTlmadidebloba-qalkedonitoba). am sarwmunoebrivi er- 

Tobis niadagze moxdao TandaTan daaxloeba klarjeTis da taos somxobisa 

qarTvelobasTan da Semdeg TandaTan maTi gaqarTvelebao... 

amrigad, n. maris mtkicebiT, klarjeTisa da taos mosaxleoba TviT Semdgom 

xanaSic, iyvnen araqarTvelebi, aramed ZiriTadSi gaqarTvelebuli somxebi~. 5 

n. mari sastikad sayvedurobda did ivane javaxiSvils, roca is dasavleT 

saqarTvelos mosaxleobas, maT Soris svanebs, Wanebsa da megrelebs X s-mde 

qarTvelebs uwodebda. ivane javaxiSvilma safuZveli Cauyara Teorias qarTveli 

xalxis qristianobamde Camoyalibebis Sesaxeb, kerZod, daamtkica, rom 

arsebobda saerTo (yvela qarTul tomTaTvis) sarwmunoeba da arsebobda 

kultmsaxurebisaTvis saWiro yvela qarTul tomTaTvis saerTo ena, magram 

mis dros arsebuli gansakuTrebuli sazogadoebrivi viTarebis gamo mas ar 

gauRrmavebia es Teoria, xolo n. maris Teoria qarTveli xalxis eTnikuri 

araerTgvarovnebisa da am xalxis gvian xanaSi Camoyalibebis Sesaxeb waxalisebuli 

iyo imdroindel xelisufalTa mier. 

`... mniSvnelovania is garemoeba, rom carizmis rusifikatoruli politika 

sagangebod iTvaliswinebda ruseTis ganapira mxareebis erovnul-uflebrivi 

interesebis Selaxvas, aTanabrebda eTnografiul da erovnul niSnebs da am 

gziT cdilobda daenawevrebina erTiani erovnuli sxeuli, win aRdgomoda 

Cagruli xalxebis TviTSegnebis gamoRviZebas, yovelmxriv Seeferxebina eris 

konsolidacia. am politikis uSualo anarekli iyo is faqti, rom 1886 wlis


jafariZe 

mosaxleobis ojaxobrivi siebis Sedgenisas calke erovnebebad aRnusxes 

qarTlelebi, xevsurebi, imerlebi, gurulebi, megrelebi, samurzayanoelebi da 

qarTveli xalxis sxva eTnografiuli jgufebi... erovnul kuTvnilebas xSirad 

aigivebdnen sarwmunoebriv da eTnografiul niSnebTan~. 6 

aseTi moTxovnis dros maSindeli xelisuflebisTvis srulebiT miuRebeli 

iqneboda ZvelqarTuli istoriografiuli Sexeduleba erTiani qarTveli 

xalxis jer kidev qristianobamde arsebobis Sesaxeb. n. maris Teoriac 

swored carizmis Sesabamis politikas uWerda mxars. n. mari carizmisaTvis 

Tavisi erTgulebis damtkicebas rom cdilobda, gamoCnda iv. javaxiSvilisadmi 

damokidebulebaSi 1905 wlis revoluciis dros. am dros cnobilma 

rusma akademikosebma, profesorebma da ivane javaxiSvilma gamoaqveynes 

werili, sadac amxeldnen mTavrobis uxeS politikas ganaTlebis sistemaSi. 

amis gamo, 1905 wlis 25 ianvars n. mari wyeniT swers iv. javaxiSvils: 

`...Tqveni gancxadeba gazeTSi _ `naSi dni~ sabolood CemTvis savsebiT 

naTels xdis, rom Cven ar SegviZlia gulwrfelad viaroT erTi da imave 

mecnieruli gziT, rom Cven ar SegviZlia xelixelCakidebuli da adrindeli 

axlo TanamSromlobiT viaroT... Cemi Rrma rwmenaa, rom mecnieri profesoris 

monawileoba partiul-politikur brZolaSi safrTxes uqmnis mecnierebis 

akademiur Tavisuflebas...~ 7 

carizmis damxobis Semdeg ki n. mari droebiT mTavrobaSi yvelafers 

akeTebs Tavisi uzarmazari avtoritetis moSveliebiT, raTa CaSalos TbilisSi 

qarTuli universitetis gaxsnis saqme _ ìs, rac niko marma 1917 

wlis seqtember-oqtomberSi dawera da warmoTqva droebiTi mTavrobis saxalxo 

ganaTlebis uaRresad reaqciul komisiaSi, man saWirod CaTvala gamoeqveynebina 

1918 wels~. 8 am werils kinaRam sabediswero roli Seusrulebia 

qarTuli universitetis gaxsnis saqmeSi (iqve). 

droebiTi mTavrobis damxobis Semdeg n. mari sruliad axal mimarTulebas 

iwyebs enaTmecnierebaSi. am droisaTvis igi erT-erTi xelmZRvaneli partiuli 

muSakia da niko maris Teoriebis kritika srulebiT SeuZlebeli gaxda. 9 

am statiaSi naTqvamia, rom mravali WeSmaritad didi mecnieris sicocxle 

Seiwira `marizmma~, _ ase uwodebs avtori n. maris samecniero mimdinareobasa 

da mis skolas. 

im xanebSi SeiZleboda am Teoriis gaRrmaveba... magaliTad, 1937 wels i. 

abulaZem sajaro sxdomaze waikiTxa moxseneba, romelSic ganaviTara da 

gaaRrmava n. maris adrindeli Sexedulebebi, kerZod, qarTuli eklesia 

angrevda somxur eklesiebs, wvavda jvrebs da a.S. èklesiaTa ngreva da 

jvarTa wva kidev imas unda moaswavebdes, rom erTi eklesia iWreba meoreSi 

da maT gverdiT, Tu maT naamagarze Tavisas afuZnebs. esec araa ucxo ambavi 

im droisaTvis. somxeTis miwa-wyalze ara erTi da ori `qarTvelTa~ savane 

ixsneba am dros. termini `qarTveli~, rogorc akademikosma n. marma daamt-


istoria 

639 

kica, diofiziturs niSnavs am droisaTvis da iqneba igi martooden qarTvelTa 

da somexTa elementebisagan Sedgenili~. 10 

es i. abulaZem sajarod warmoTqva 1937 wlis miwuruls, 17 dekembers, 

man am wlis mware gakveTiliT icoda, risi Tqma SeiZleboda am dros da 

risi _ ara. iTqva is, rac mosawoni iyo im droisaTvis. marTlac, esaa 

gaRrmaveba n. maris adrindeli gamonaTqvamisa am Temaze. n. mari werda: 

`somxuri antiqalkedonuri eklesiis nacionalizaciasTan dakavSirebiT 

(somex) qalkedonur garemoSi mimdinareobs sapirispiro procesi, saxeldobr, 

`denacionalizacia~, romelmac somex xalxs miayena uzarmazari danakargi 

ricxobrivad da moralurad... am procesis wyalobiT somex qalkedonitebis 

denacionalizaciiT, saqarTvelo gamdidrda ori umaRlesi xarisxis 

mwarmoebluri olqiT, saqarTveloSi pirdapir brwyinvale kulturuli cxovrebis 

mqoneni, sityva exeba taos da klarjeTs... IX saukunis dasawyisSi 

somexi qalkedonitebis mdgomareoba somxeTSi... iyo jer kidev mtkice, rom 

isini batonobisaken miiswrafodnen. Crdilo-dasavleTi somxeTi olqebiT 

klarjqiT (klarjeTi) da taiqiT (tao), am dros iyo maT xelSi. qalkedonitoba 

aq poulobda mxurvale mxardaWeras ara marto berZnebSi, aramed 

qarTvelebSic. artanujeli bagratidebi, mxaris mflobelebi, ukve qalkedonitebi 

iyvnen da es xels uwyobda qalkedonizmis zeims am kuTxeSi... aq 

(klarjeTsa da taoSi) efuZnebian qarTveli ber-monazvnebi yvelani daqvrivebul 

somxur nagebobebze... am epoqaSi IX-X saukuneebSic ki, qarTveli berebi 

iyvnen garemoculni. marTalia, erTmorwmune, magram mainc ucxo somxuri 

mosaxleobiT da miuxedavad qarTvelTa politikuri batonobisa, uflebas am 

mxaris qarTulad wodebisa isini afuZnebdnen masze, rom eklesiebSi wirvalocva 

tardeboda qarTul enaze~. 11 

rogorc zemoT moyvanilidan Cans, i. abulaZis azriT, termini `qarTveli~ 

Turme eTnikurad qarTvels ar aRniSnavda, radganac es `qarTvelebi~ Sedgebian 

`qarTvelTa da somexTa elementebisagan~, e.i. qarTveli qarTveli ar aris, 

xolo n. maris azriT, samxreTi saqarTvelo saerTod somxeTis miwa-wyalia. 

pavle ingroyvam damajereblad uaryo aseTi Teoriebi, magram miuxedavad 

amisa, amJamad TiTqmis yvela qarTveli mecnieri (istorikosebic da sxva dargis 

specialistebic), rogorc wesi, VI-XI saukuneebis mimoxilvis dros xmarobs 

termins `gaqarTveleba~ an `gaqarTeba~ e.i. aRiareben da emxrobian n. maris 

Teorias somexTa, herTa da dasavleT saqarTvelos `gaqarTvelebis~ Sesaxeb. 

eyrdnoba Tu ara aseTi didmniSvnelovani Teoria faqtebs, romelTa WeSmariteba 

ueWvelia? 

ara, aseTi faqtebi ar arseboben. magaliTad: 

1. IX-X saukuneebSi dasavleT saqarTvelos `gaqarTvelebis~ damadasturebel 

faqtad miaCniaT `grigol xanZTelis cxovrebaSi~ arsebuli winadadeba, 

rom qarTlad is qveyana iTvleba, sadac wirva-locva qarTul


jafariZe 

enaze mimdinareobso. sinamdvileSi es winadadeba ar SeiZleba amis damamtkicebel 

faqtad CaiTvalos, radganac srulebiT gansxvavebuli viTarebis gadmosacemad 

mohyavs is mis avtors. am faqtis garda sxva raime damajerebeli 

faqti ar gaaCniaT (Tu ar CavTvliT abo Tbilelis viTomda `gaqarTvelebas~). 

2. hereTis `gaqarTvelebis~ damamtkicebel faqtad miaCniaT `qarTlis 

cxovrebaSi~ gadmocemuli cnoba, rom hereTi qalkedonituri gaxda dinara 

dedoflis wyalobiT. es cnoba araa gaqarTvelebis faqti, radganac is 

gadmogvcems, rom herebi, anu rac igivea hereTSi mcxovrebi qarTvelebi, 

dinara dedoflamde iyvnen qarTvelebive, magram ara qalkedonitebi, aramed 

monofizitebi. isini dinara dedoflis dros ki ar gaqarTveldnen, aramed 

gaqalkedonitdnen. herebma, anu qarTvelebma qristianobis erTi mimarTuleba 

meoriT Secvales. 

3. faqtad iTvleba, qvemo qarTlSi, anu gugarqSi mcxovrebi somxebis 

`gaqarTveleba~ kirion kaTalikosis mier maTTvis eklesiaSi qarTulenovani 

wirva-locvis danergvis Sedegad. sinamdvileSi ki qvemo qarTli erT periodSi 

kirionamdec, da ZiriTadad, kirionis Semdegac XI saukunemde somxeTisa 

da somxuri eklesiis gavlenis sferoSi Sedioda da aq swored is 

procesi mimdinareobda, rac albaneTSi, kerZod, adgilobrivi mcxovreblebis 

(e.i. aq qarTvelebis) armenizacia. kirionma isargebla xelsayreli politikuri 

viTarebiT da am armenizebuli qarTvelebisTvis eklesiaSi somxurenovani 

wirva-locvis gverdiT qarTulenovani wirva-locva daawesa, amitomac 

somxebi ki ar gaqarTveldnen, aramed qarTvelebi armenizaciis gavlenisagan 

gaTavisufldnen. qarTvelebs dedaenaze wirva-locvis saSualeba 

miecaT, magram samwuxarod, sul ramdenime wlis (kerZod, e.w. `sparsuli~ 

krebisa (614 w.) da gansakuTrebiT ki, bizantiur-somxuri eklesiebis ùniis~) 

Semdeg, es mxare kvlav somxuri eklesiis gavlenis qveS moeqca. swored es 

iyo safuZveli am mxareSi taSiris kvirikianTa somxuri samefos daarsebisa 

da misi arsebobisa TiTqmis XII saukunemde. amitomac, somxebi ki ar `qarTveldebodnen~, 

aramed mimdinareobda sapirispiro procesi _ qarTvelebi somxdebodnen. 

araviTari faqti qvemo qarTlSi somxebis `gaqarTvelebisa~ ar 

arsebobs. am mxaris mosaxleoba qarTuli iyo uxsovari droidan TviT 

taSiris kvirikianTa samefos arsebobis drosac. 

4. mesxeTis mxareebi, TviT niko maris azriTac ki, uZvelesi droidan 

dasaxlebuli iyo qarTvelebiT (`Tubal-kainuri tomebiT~), magram xSirad 

VIII saukunemde es mxareebi somxeTisa da somxuri eklesiis gavlenis 

sferoSi Sedioda. amitomac, adgilobrivi mosaxleoba, niko maris azriT, 

gasomxebula, xolo VIII-X saukuneebSi es `somxebi gaqarTveldnen~. 

marTalia, samxreT saqarTvelos zogierTi mxare VIII saukunemde somxeTisa 

da somxuri eklesiis gavlenis sferoebSi Sedioda, magram moxda misi 

mosaxleobis kulturuli da ara eTnikuri armenizacia. eTnikurad qarTvelebi


istoria 

641 

qarTvelebadve darCnen, xolo kulturuli armenizacia imiT gamoixata, rom 

msgavsad albanelebisa, maTTvis saeklesio da kulturis enad gaxda somxuri 

ena. amas xels uwyobda is, rom VIII saukunemde somxuri eklesia ar iyo 

nacionalizebuli, aramed es eklesia Tavis mSobliur (araeTnikuri aramed 

sarwmunoebrivi TvalsazrisiT) eklesiad miaCndaT sxvadasxva erebs: albanelebs, 

qarTvelebs, sirielebsa da sparselebsac ki (arsebobs sparseli 

qristianebis mimarTvebi somxeTis kaTalikosisadmi). 

rogorc ki 726 wlis Semdeg daiwyo somxuri eklesiis nacionalizacia, es 

eklesia miatoves mesxeTis qarTvelebma. am dros arsebiTi iyo ara sarwmunoebrivi, 

aramed eTnikuri momenti (kartaSevs msgavsi sarwmunoebrivi ganxeTqilebis 

warmomSob mizezad miaCnia ara dogmatikuri uTanxmoeba, aramed eTnikuri momenti). 

VIII saukunemde ùniis~ dros, somxuri eklesiis gavlenis sferoSi yofnisas, 

mesxeTis zogierT regionSi dainerga somxuri wirva-locva, aqaurma 

qarTvelma samRvdeloebam SeiTvisa somxuri ena da damwerloba (ise, rogorc 

albanelebma). VIII saukunis Semdgom saWiro gaxda qarTulenovani wignebi, 

amitomac kulturulad armenizebul qarTvelTa mier qarTuli wignebis 

Targmnis an redaqtirebisas SeimCneva armenizmebis kvali. es bunebrivia, 

kulturulad armenizebuli mweral-redaqtorebis mier redaqtirebuli wignebi 

ver acda armenizmebs. 

am faqtis (armenizmebis arseboba) garda sxva raime damajerebeli faqti 

ar gaaCniaT. 

n. maramdec somxur (da aqedan evropul) mecnierebaSi iyo azri, rom tao 

da qvemo qarTli istoriuli somxeTis miwebia. 12 

n. mari, aRzrdili patkanovisa, aviTarebda somxuri saistorio skolis 

Tvalsazriss, romelsac srulebiT ewinaaRmdegeboda mesxeTSi VIII saukunis 

Semdgom arsebuli kulturul-eTnikuri viTareba, amitomac n. marma SeuTanxma 

erTmaneTs somxuri samecniero Tvalsazrisi da mesxeTSi VIII saukunis 

Semdgomi realuri viTareba, kerZod, tao-klarjeTis kultura (e.i. VIII 

saukunis Semdeg) marTalia, qarTulia, magram qveyana mainc somxuria, radganac 

am kulturis Semoqmedi aris gaqarTvelebuli adgilobrivi somxuri 

mosaxleoba da ara qarTvelebio. 

`...am Semcdarma da tendenciurma koncefciam farTo gavrceleba miiRo. 

es Sexeduleba ganmtkicda rusul da evropul specialur literaturaSi. 

am Sexedulebebis mimdevrebi da damcvelebi gamoCndnen qarTvel mkvlevarTa 

Sorisac... korneli kekeliZe imeorebs am azrs, rom klarjeTi (taosTan 

erTad) viTomc ukavSirdeba saqarTvelos mxolod VIII saukunis Semdeg, rom 

es mxare, klarjeTi, eTnikurad viTomc ar iyo qarTuli qveyana~. 13 

am koncefciaze dayrdnobiT n. tokarskis Tavis wignSi `Zveli somxeTis 

arqiteqtura~, taoSi mdebare oSki, xaxuli, iSxani, klarjeTis opiza, forTaxanZTa, 

SavSeTis, tbeTis taZrebi somxuri arqiteqturis Zeglebad gamoucx-


jafariZe 

adebia. 14 mixankova Tvlis, rom Woroxis 

xeobis es provinciebi (tao, SavSeTi, klarjeTi...) 

ar iyo qarTuli qveyana, qarTuli 

eniTa da kulturiT, aramed mxare, romelic 

politikurad da agreTve eTnikuradac, 

ZiriTadSi dakavSirebuli iyo somxeTTan. 

mixankova Tvlis, rom n. maris koncefcia 

tao-klarjeTis istoriisa, es aris 

uryevi istoriuli WeSmariteba. 15 

`TviT aseTi kargad orientirebuli da 

miudgomeli avtori, rogoric aris a. iakobsoni, 

dajerebulia, rom mesxeTis teritoriebi 

QWoroxis xeobisa gaxda qarTuli 

mxolod am gvian xanaSi. aseTia gavlena 

n. maris koncefciisa mesxeTis mxareTa 

istoriis Sesaxeb, romelic dRemde 

erTgvar dogmad iyo miCneuli~. 16 

marTali iyo didi ilia WavWavaZe, roca patkanovis Sesaxeb werda. is `... 

xels iwvdis taoskarze, exlandel Woroxis xeobaze~, aseve moiqca misi 

Segirdi n. maric. 

saqarTveloSi kargad icodnen, rom n. mari antiqarTul poziciebze idga 

da istoriul-filologiur mecnierebaSi aviTarebda yovelive qarTulis 

sawinaaRmdego mimarTulebas. amitomac jer kidev III kursze studentobisas 

ivane javaxiSvili gaafrTxila mamamisma aleqsandrem, rom yvelafrisaTvis 

Seexeda sakuTari TvaliT da ara n. maris TvaliT: `1898 wlis 22 oqtombers 

aforiaqebuli mama swerda: `Svilo, rogorc mama, girCev, Seni sakuTari 

da WeSmariti kritikulis TvaliT Sexedo yvelafers da ara miepyro maris 

qarTulis sawinaaRmdego mimarTulebas~. 17 

roca iv. javaxiSvili àr miepyro maris qarTulis sawinaaRmdego mimarTulebas~ 

da saqarTvelos sxvadasxva kuTxis Svilebs _ qarTlelebs, 

kaxelebs Tu megrelebs sazogadod qarTveli uwoda da qarTveli eris 

Semadgenel jgufebad miiCnia, mas winaaRmdegoba gauwia n. marma. 

n. mari `mecnierulad asabuTebda~ erTiani qarTveli eris ararsebobas. 

man qarTveli eris sxvadasxva eTnografiul jgufebs ìafeturi~ xalxebi 

daarqva, xolo qarTvelur da mis monaTesave enebs ìafeturi~ Tu `Tubalkainuri~. 

man yvelaferi gaakeTa imisaTvis, raTa `daesabuTebina~, rom TiTqosda 

megrelebi ar iyvnen qarTvelebi. erTi wyaros araswori komentirebiT man 

qarTvel mecnierebs miaRebina dogma, TiTqosda `qarTebis~ tomma kulturul-eklesiuri 

zemoqmedebis saSualebiT megreli `xalxi~ `gaaqarTvela~ 

IX-X saukuneebSi. ivane javaxiSvilma pasuxi gasca am yalb Teorias da


istoria 

643 

daasabuTa, rom qarTuli ena araTu IX-X saukuneebSi iqna dasavleT 

saqarTveloSi kultmsaxurebis enad, aramed TviT warmarTobis drosac ki 

dasavleT saqarTveloSi _ samegrelosa da svaneTSi, warmarTuli kultmsaxureba 

qarTul enaze aResruleboda. 

pavle ingoroyvam ki daasabuTa, rom samxreT saqarTveloSi qarTuli 

mosaxleoba uwyvetad arsebobda da es mxareebi yovelTvis qarTuli iyo 

eTnikuri SemadgenlobiT. 

ivane javaxiSvilma gamoarkvia, rom saqarTveloSi adgili arasodes hqonia 

ucxo mosaxleobis arc sarwmunoebriv, arc rasobriv-eTnikur devnas. 

qarTveli xalxi rjuliT da tomiT Semwynarebelia. 

n. maris azriT ki, piriqiT, qarTvelebs araTu SeuviwroebiaT sxva tomebi, 

aramed maTTvis deda ena da vinaobac ki dauviwyebiaT. somxebi, herebi da 

sxvebi gauqarTvelebiaT qarTuli eklesiis meoxebiT. 

qarTuli eklesia Turme `wvavda~ sxvaTa eklesiebs, ìWreboda~ sxva ucxo 

erTa eklesiebSi, maT `namoRvawev namonastralebze~ Tavisas afuZnebda, qarTulenovani 

wirva-locvis danergviT sxva xalxebs àqarTvelebda~. es yovelive 

ciliswamebaa. qarTuli eklesia yovelTvis saTno da Semwynarebeli 

iyo sxvaTa mimarT. 

sinamdvileSi rogori politikuri viTareba iyo VIII-X saukuneebSi saqar- 

TveloSi? saqarTvelos guli _ Sida da qvemo qarTli arabTa da maT mier 

waxalisebul somexi naxararebisa da samRvdeloebis gavlenis qveSaa. es ki 

pirobas qmnida araTu ucxoTa gaqarTvelebisaTvis, aramed qarTvelebis 

erovnul mdgradobasac ki safuZveli Seerya, rogorc es àbo Tbilelis 

wamebidan~ Cans. 

somxuri eklesiis istoria, monoTelitoba 

da xatmebrZoloba masTan kavSirSi 

a. kartaSevis mixedviT 

a. kartaSevis wignSi `msoflio krebebi~ (parizi, 1963, rus. enaze) gadmocemulia 

mizezebi, romlis gamoc somxuri eklesia Camoscilda msoflio 

sayovelTao (kaTolike) eklesias. 

am avtoris azriT, somxuri eklesia msoflio eklesias ganSorda ara 

sarwmunoebrvi, aramed erovnuli motivis gamo: rom berZenTa imperiaSi 

mcxovrebi patara erebi, imisaTvis, rom aecilebinaT did erSi asimilacia, 

iRebdnen ara centrSi aRiarebul, aramed gansxvavebul sarwmunoebas. 

imperiis patara erebma _ koptebma, asirielebma, somxebma da sxvebma miiRes 

monofizitoba da sxva sarwmunoebrivi mimarTulebebi gaberZnebisa da `garomaelebis~ 

Tavidan acilebisaTvis. Cans, amasTan erTad sxva mizezebic arsebobda.


jafariZe 

qveTavi am wignisa _ `ganyofa marTlmadideblobisagan erovnuli motivis 

gamo~ ganixilavs, patara erebis eklesiebTan erTad, somxuri eklesiis ganyofas 

msoflio eklesiisagan. 

qalkedonis krebis droisaTvis (451 w.), roca mezobelma imperiebma gansakuTrebiT 

moindomes somexTa asimilacia, somexi xalxi TiTqmis aTaswlovani 

istoriuli warsulis mqone eri iyo, erovnuli mobilizeba misTvis 

Zneli ar iyo, amitomac mezobeli saxelmwifoebis mxridan mravali cdis 

miuxedavad, maT ver SeZles somxebis verc gasparseleba da verc `garomaeleba~, 

anu gaberZneba, rac imiT moxerxda, rom somxebma ar miiRes sparselTa 

sarwmunoeba _ cecxlTayvanismcemloba, xolo qristianobaSi is mimdinareoba 

miiRes, romelic gansxvavdeboda konstantinopolis sarwmunoebisagan. ra Tqma 

unda, sarwmunoebis arCevaze laparaki Znelia, magram kartaSevisa da sxvaTa 

dakvirvebis Tanaxmad, bizantiis imperiaSi mcxovreb patara erebs swored is 

sarwmunoebrivi mimarTuleba miaCndaT swor, WeSmarit da erTaderT marTal 

sarwmunoebad, romelic gansxvavebuli iyo konstantinopolSi aRiarebulisagan. 

saerTod, unda aRiniSnos, rom saukuneTa manZilze (aq igulisxmeba IV-X 

saukuneebi) somxuri eklesia iyo Zalze Zlieri organizacia, romelsac angariSs 

uwevdnen rogorc sparseTis Sahebi, ise bizantiis saimperatoro kari. 

bizantiaSi monofizitTa da monoTelitTa gavlenis gavrcelebis dros mniSvnelovan 

rols TamaSobda somxuri eklesia da somxuri elementi. saimperatoro 

karze myofma somxebma, kartaSevis Tanaxmad, didi gavlena iqonies bizantiaSi 

xatmebrZolobis eresis rogorc gavrcelebis, ise misi ganadgurebis 

dros. aRsaniSnavia, rom ara marto sparseTis da bizantiis samefo kari, aramed 

arabebic angariSs uwevdnen somxur eklesias, aZlierebdnen da m. kalankatuacis 

Tanaxmad, sxva (albaneTis) qalkedonitur eklesiazec abatonebdnen mas. 

amgvari viTarebis gamo, swori ar unda iyos qarTul mecnierebaSi miRebuli 

Teoria `qalkedoniti somxebis gaqarTvelebis Sesaxeb~, im mizezis gamo, rom 

es Teoria am sakiTxs ar ixilavs globaluri TvalsazrisiT. 

a. kartaSevi Tavisi wignis qveTavSi _ `ganyofa 

marTlmadideblobisagan erovnuli motivebis gamo~, wers: 

kamaTma qalkedonis krebaze moamzada saeklesio ganyofa somxebisa. am 

SemTxvevaSi saqme exeboda im teritoriebs, romelnic bizantiis imperiaSi 

Sediodnen (bizantiasa da sparseTs somxeTis miwa-wyali gayofili hqondaT). 

bizantiis imperatorTa mxridan ufro yuradRebian politikas ucxo 

eris mimarT SeeZlo Seenelebina es ganyofa. 

somxeTs uxdeboda politikurad or orientaciaze TamaSi _ bizantiursa 

da sparsulze. momentis Sesaferisad, an erT an meore Zlier mezobels 

unda mimxrobodnen.


istoria 

645 

Tavisi pirveli arqiepiskoposis miRebisas kesaria-kapadokiisgan somxeTs 

Tavisi warmomadgeneli hyavda I msoflio krebaze _ grigor ganmanaTleblis 

Svili _ arqiepiskoposi aristakesi, magram arqiepiskopos nerse I-is 

(374) Semdeg, romelsac kaTalikosi ewoda, wamoyenebuli iqna azri avtokefaliis 

Sesaxeb. kaTalikosi uwoda Tavis Tavs, radganac miiCnevda, rom 

somxuri eklesia mociqul Tomasagan aris warmoSobili. somexTa mefis 

sasaxleSi wamoyenebul iqna azri avtokefaliis Sesaxeb. nersesis memkvidre 

iusiki somxeTis mefe-papma ukve aRar gaagzavna xeldasasxmelad kesariaSi, 

aramed uwoda arqiepiskoposi Tavissave qveyanaSi. amgvarad, somxe- 

Tis eklesiis avtokefalia damkvidrda arakanonikuri gziT, wers kartaSevi. 

kesaria aprotestebda somxeTis aseT moqmedebas. II msoflio krebaze berZnebma 

somxebi ar miiwvies, xolo cnobebma am dadgenilebaTa Sesaxeb somxeTamde 

miaRwia mogvianebiT. 

somxuri eklesia izrdeboda da Zlierdeboda. am eklesias 397 wlidan 

448 wlamde marTavda grigoris STamomavali didi sahaki (isaaki), reformatori 

somxuri eklesiisa da mTargmneli wmida werilisa somxur enaze. am 

dros berZnebi flobdnen somxeTis erT naxevars, sparselebi ki _ meores. 

Semdeg berZnebma gadasces mTeli somxeTi sparselebs. imperatorma Teodosi 

II-m xelaxla daibruna berZnuli naxevari somxeTisa, magram mTeli am 

drois manZilze berZnebi aRizianebdnen somxebs (igulisxmeba nacionaluri 

TvalsazrisiT) da somexTa simpaTiebi sparselebis mxares iyo. male somxebi 

gaTavisufldnen sparselebisagan da ocnebobdnen berZnebisagan gaTavisuflebas. 

isaaki (sahaki) droebiT somxeTis saero mmarTveli gaxda (aRsaniSnavia, 

rom daaxloebiT am dros `moqcevaA qarTlisaAs~ Tanaxmad, qarTuli 

eklesiis meTauri arqiepiskoposi glonoqori saqarTvelos (qarTl-here- 

Tis) saero mmarTvelad (erisTavad) iyo daniSnuli). isaaki berZnebs ise 

uyurebda, rogorc erovnul mtrebs. mas ar undoda kurTxeuliyo kesariakapadokiaSi 

da roca mcire azia kanonikurad daeqvemdebara konstantinopolis 

patriarqs (e.i. 451 wels), somxebma konstantinopolsac zurgi Seaqcies 

ise, rogorc kesaria-kapadokias. 

400 wels wmida ioane oqropirma somxeTSi gagzavna konstantinopolis 

krebis dadgenileba qristeSobisa da RvTisgancxadebis cal-calke dResaswaulis 

Sesaxeb _ romauli wesis Tanaxmad. isaakma arc ki upasuxa. somxeTis 

eklesia darCa Zvel Cvevaze _ dRemde. sparselebi mtrulad eqceodnen 

berZnul kulturas somxeTSi da iq anadgurebdnen somxebisaTvis gaxsnil 

berZnul skolebs. im dros somxebs wirva-locva da RvTismsaxureba hqondaT 

ara somxur, aramed berZnul enaze, somxuri anbanis ararsebobis gamo. 

sparsuli orientaciis dros somxebma gadawyvites gaTavisuflebuliyvnen 

berZnuli gavlenisagan saeklesio sferoSi. amaSi mdgomareobda paTosi 

didi nacionaluri reformisa somxur eklesiaSi isaak didis dros _ 

somxuri anbanis gamogoneba da wmida werilis Targmna. aqamde ki inerciiT 

RvTismsaxureba sruldeboda berZnulad.


jafariZe 

kesaria-kapadokiis mitropolitebi somxebs mwvaleblebad miiCnevdnen 

eklesiuri damoukideblobisaTvis. 

III msoflio krebaze somxebs, Cans, ar gaugzavnes miwveva da efesoSi 

somxuri eklesiidan aravin iyo. 435 wels somxurma eklesiam dagmo nestorianoba 

da amiT berZnebTan erTad wavida win. amis Sedegad somxurma 

eklesiam aRiara da miiRo samive msoflio kreba (I, II, III). am droisaTvis 

somxeTi mTlianad sparsTa qveS iyo. somex aristokratiaSi midioda propaganda 

cecxlTayvanismcemlobis sasargeblod. Semdeg movida brZaneba qristianobis 

uaryofis Sesaxeb. somex episkoposTan krebam sparsTa mefes sakadrisi 

pasuxi gaugzavna da daadgines _ iaraRiT xelSi daecvaT sarwmunoeba. 

krebis dadgenileba JRers gadamwyvetad: 

`dae aRimarTos Zmis xeli Zmaze, Tu is uaryofs uflis mcnebas, da mama 

Sebralebis gareSe wavides Svilze da Svili mamaze, nuRar eSinia cols 

xelis aRmarTvisa urjulo qmarze da aRdges msaxuri batonze~. 

somxebma Svela Txoves berZnebs, magram arc Teodosi II-s da arc markianes 

(imperatorebs) ar gaaCndaT Zalebi sparsTa sawinaaRmdegod. somxeTi 

ajanyda. 451 wels ajanyeba damarcxda. is sparselebma CaaxSes. am wels 

Catarda qalkedonis msoflio kreba. ajanyebis beladi varTan I da sxvebi 

kanonizebul iqnen. qalkedonis krebisas berZnebs didad ar SeuwuxebiaT 

Tavi somexTa mimxrobisaTvis. formalurad berZnebs is amarTlebda, rom 

somexi episkoposebi ucxoeTis da ara imperiis episkoposebi iyvnen, xolo 

krebebi iyo ìmperiisa~ da imperia ki msoflio eklesia ar aris (igulisxmeba, 

rom `msoflio krebebi~ iyo ekumenuri, anu berZnul-romauli 

samyaros krebebi, romelSic, faqtobrivad, imperiis 18 SigniT arsebul kaTedraTa 

episkoposebi monawileobdnen). garda amisa, somxebs mianiSnes, rom 

isini berZnuli TvalsazrisiT Sedian kesaria-kapadokiis mitropoliaSi, 

amitomac araa saWiro maTi gansakuTrebuli miwveva msoflio krebaze. 

somxeTi siriis gziT win aRudga `qalkedonitebs~. 

am dros TviT saimperatoro karzec mimdinareobda sarwmunoebrivi WeSmaritebis 

Zieba (bizantiaSi). 

491 wels somxeTis krebam dedaqalaq vaRarSapatSi miiRo henotikoni 

zenonisa da Tanabrad dagmo nestoric da evtixic. uaryo agreTve qalkedonis 

kreba, romelmac TiTqosda daamtkica òri saxe~. 491 wlis vaRarSapatis 

dadgenileba ase JRers: `Cven, somxebi da berZnebi, qarTvelebi da 

albanelebi, romlebic vaRiarebT erT WeSmarit sarwmunoebas, gadmocemulT 

wmida mamebis mier sam msoflio krebaze, uarvyofT iseT RvTissagmob sityvas 

(e.i. rom qristeSi ori gansxvavebuli saxea) da erTsulovnad gadavcemT 

anaTemas yovelive msgavss~. esaa is sarwmunoeba, romelic im dros 

bizantiaSi iyo gavrcelebuli saimperatoro karis mier (zenonis henotikoni) 

da is aRiares berZnebma, somxebma, qarTvelebma da albanelebma. 

`kreba gaxda istoriuli gamyofi berZnul marTlmadideblobasa da somxur 

grigorianul aRmsareblobas Soris. droebiT ganSorda berZnul mar-


istoria 

647 

Tlmadideblobas qarTuli eklesiac. vaRarSapatis krebaze monawileoba 

miiRes mezobelma kaTalikosebma saqarTvelosa da alvaneTisa~, _ wers 

kartaSevi, magram am krebis dokumenti xazgasmiT aRniSnavs, rom im dros 

qarTvelebsa da berZnebs erTiani sarwmunoeba hqondaT, sxva xalxebsac 

aseve. `527 wlis dvinis axalma krebam kidev ufro gaaRrmava gansxvavebaganyofa 

berZnul marTlmadideblobasa da somxur grigorianul aRmsareblobas 

Soris. krebam moiTxova eRiarebinaT qristeSi erTi buneba(!). imisaTvis, 

rom es erTbunebianoba ufro kargad warmoeCinaT, daadgines, erT dRes 

edResaswaulaT Soba da RvTis gancxadeba 6 ianvars. dadginda rom evqaristiis 

(ziarebis) saidumlo SeesrulebinaT aufuebeli puriT da mxolod 

wyalgaureveli RviniT. aqve `samwmidaos~ galobas Tan daurTes monofizituri 

sityva-damateba: `romelic CvenTvis jvars ecvi~. am dros aekrZalaT 

somxebs ierusalimSi salocavad gamgzavreba da berZnebTan urTier- 

Toba. es kreba, 527 wels, nakarnaxevi iyo antiberZnuli ganwyobilebiT, rac 

gamowveuli iyo Semdegi garemoebiT: 

518 wels, iustine I-is gamefebis Semdeg, konstantinopolSi daiwyo zeimi 

(aRorZineba) qalkedonitobisa. manamde monofizitebs imperiaSi mtkice poziciebi 

ekavaT. imperatorma vasiliskom uaryo qalkedoniis kreba. aleqsandriaSi, 

siriasa da palestinaSi monofizitebi Zlierdebodnen da devnidnen 

qalkedonitebs... TviT imperiis mTavar taZarSi konstantinopolis aia-sofiaSi 

512 wels Seitanes monofizituri samwmidao galoba _ `jvars ecvi~. 

qalaqSi daiwyo brZolebi morwmuneTa Soris. 518 wels axalma imperatorma 

monofizituri galoba akrZala, moiwvia kreba. `romis sarwmunoeba~, anu 

qalkedonitizmi aRsdga. 

im mizezis gamo, rom konstantinopolis imperiam 518 wlidan sruliad 

aRadgina qalkedonitoba, somxebma sparsTa gavleniT, Tavis sarwmunoebad 

antikonstantinopoluri sarwmunoeba _ monofizitoba miiRes 527 wels. am 

droisaTvis sparselebi Sinagani aSlilobis gamo Zalian aamebdnen da ufrTxildebodnen 

somxebs, gaafarToves maTi TviTmmarTvelobis formebi. 518 wels 

erovnuli mTavrobac ki dauniSnes, misces erovnebiT somexi mTavari (aRsani- 

Snavia, rom swored am dros sparselebma qarTlSi mefoba gaauqmes). 

`TiTqosda qalkedonis krebis paralelurad (451 w.) dvinis krebam (igulisxmeba 

527 w.) somex kaTalikosebs mianiWa patriarqis tituli, radganac 

qalkedonis krebaze patriarqebi uwodes _ romael, konstantinopolel, 

aleqsandriel, antioqiel da ierusalimel mRvdelmTavrebs~. 19 

b. b. somxeTi somxeTi iustinianedan iustinianedan ereklemde 

ereklemde 

a. kartaSevi ganagrZobs: _ ìustinianes hqonda gamaerTianebeli _ Semrigeblur-kompromisuli 

politika (igulisxmeba qalkedonitTa da monofizitTa


jafariZe 

Soris). aman aRZra imedi somxebis SemoerTebisa. somxur eklesiaSi ga- 

Zlierda moZraoba berZnul eklesiasTan SesaerTeblad. iustiniane xazgasmiT 

efereboda da pativs scemda somxeTis berZnul nawils. aSenebda somxeTis 

berZnul nawilSi eklesiebsa da monastrebs, sjida berZen Cinovnikebs 

xelisuflebis borotad gamoyenebisaTvis, amyarebda wesrigs, 553 wels mar- 

Talia, V msoflio krebas somxuri eklesia ar eswreboda, magram igulisxmeboda 

igi iyo berZnebTan kavSirSi. 571 wels somxeTis ajanyebam sparsTa 

winaaRmdeg vardan II-is meTaurobiT gaaZliera simpaTiebi berZnebis mimarT. 

marTalia, ajanyeba sparselebma CaaxSes, magram 589 wels is gadaizarda 

somxebisa da berZnebis samxedro kavSirSi, radganac imperatori mavrike 

ereoda sparsTa Sinaur saqmeebSi da taxtze dasva Sahi xosro. xosrom 

berZenTa imperator mavrikes dauTmo somxeTis nawili da naxevari saqarTvelo. 

am dros aRiZra moZraoba berZnebTan SesaerTeblad. daiwyo kamaTi, krebebi. 

Sedegad berZnebisadmi daqvemdebarebul somxeTis nawilSi gaimarjva mar- 

Tlmadideblobam. somxeTis berZnul nawilSi somxebma airCies marTlmadidebeli 

kaTalikosi ioane III, romelic marTavda qalkedonitur somxur 

eklesias 616 wlamde. am wels is tyved Caigdo xosrom da waiyvana, maSin 

xosrom mTeli mcire azia daipyro. 

`qarTveli kaTalikosi kirioni, anu kironi aseve gadavida berZnuli 

marTlmadideblobis mxares da amiT mospo TiTqmis 70-wliani yofna Tavisi 

eklesiisa monofizitobaSi mezobeli somxebis gavlenis qveS~. 20 

magram sparseTis somxeTis kaTalikosebma moiwvies kreba da dawyevles 

qalkedonis kreba da akurTxes Tavisi vaRarSapatis 491 wlis da dvinis 

527 wlis krebebi. qarTuli eklesiis berZnebis mxareze gadasvlis gamo, 

somxebma 596 wels moiwvies kreba dvinSi da daadgines, ganSorebodnen 

qarTvelebs saSineli wyevliT. es kamaTi somxebTan daexmara qarTvelebs 

ganmtkicebuliyvnen berZnul marTlmadideblobaSi. 

611-617 wlebSi xosrom didi warmatebiT Seutia bizantias, daiwyo misi 

gamarjvebuli svla bizantiis miwebze, daipyro somxeTis berZnuli nawili. 

xosro somexTa kaTalikosebma aRiares megobrad, radganac somexi kaTalikosebis 

msgavsad, xosro qalkedonitobis mteri iyo. 

sparselebma aiZules yvela somexi (yofil berZnul somxeTSi mcxovrebni) 

mieRoT monofizitoba da uareyoT qalkedonitoba, amisaTvis xosrom 

Tavis sasaxleSi moiwvia sagangebo kreba, ris Sedegadac aiZula da daavaldebula 

yvela somexi mieRoT monofiziti kaTalikosebis rwmena. 

magram erekle keisarma male daamarcxa xosro da amiT gaaTavisufla 

qalkedonitTa sindisi. ereklem Caatara sawinaaRmdego politika da droebiT 

SeierTa somxebi. 21


istoria 

g. g. erekles erekles religiuri religiuri politika politika da da somxuri 

somxuri 

eklesiis eklesiis nawilis nawilis SeerTeba 

SeerTeba 

649 

bizantiis imperator erekles TvalsazrisiT imperiis erTianoba miiRweoda 

rwmenis erTianobis saSualebiT. konstantinopolis patriarqi sergei 

erekles koronaciis (610 w.) Semdeg daumegobrda erekles. 22 is iyo misi 

mrCeveli. 626 wels erekle iyo lazikaSi, qalaq fazisSi (foTSi). aq man 

molaparakeba daiwyo fazisis mitropolitTan _ kirTan. `kiri aq iyo mezoblad 

qarTuli eklesiisa da meTaurobda berZnulenovan marTlmadideblebs. 

TviT kirma icoda siriuli ena da SeiZleba siriidanac iyo. kiri 

dainteresda marTlmadideblebis monofizitebTan kompromisiT. patriarqma 

sergim kirs gaugzavna saRvTismetyvelo gasaRebi. kirs uxaroda qarTvelTa 

dabruneba marTlmadideblobaSi da imedi hqonda somxebze imoqmedebda 

kompromisiT (monoenergizmiT). irakli kmayofili iyo da gadawyvita kiri 

aleqsandriis kaTedraze aeyvana. 23 

somxuri eklesiis nawilis SeerTeba berZnebTan (sarwmunoebrivad) moxda 

kaTalikos ezras erTpirovnuli gadawyvetilebiT. ezra Tavis banakSi gamoiZaxa 

imperatorma ereklem. aq ezra eziara da swira, aqve somexTa kaTalikosma 

gadawyvita SeerTeboda berZnul ierarqias. ezra cxovrobda somxe- 

Tis berZnul nawilSi da ebrZoda mis mowinaaRmdege kaTalikos qristefores. 

iraklis mier rwmenis aRmsarebloba miwodebuli iyo somxebisaTvis 

misaRebi saxiT. 

amis Semdeg somxebis am teritoriaze (e.i. berZnul somxeTSi) somxuri 

eklesiisa da berZnul-marTlmadidebluri eklesiis erToba gagrZelda 85 

wels _ 6 kaTalikosis dros. am dros somxur eklesiaSi SemoiRes afuebuli 

puri da Tbilwyaldamatebuli Rvino (ziarebisas) da agreTve 25 dekembers 

aRniSnavdnen Sobas. magram sxvaobis garkveuli odenoba arsebobda 

da darCenili iyvnen disidentebi. 

berZnebma sirieli iakobitebi SeierTes 630 wels da aleqsandrieli 

monofizitebi _ 632 wels. 

634 wlidan palestinaSi Sevidnen muslimani arabebi. meore xalif omaris 

(634-644) dros aiRes damasko da ierusalimi (638 w.). siriis qalaqebi 

advilad bardebodnen arabebs da siamovnebiT debdnen maTTan xelSekrulebas. 

disidentebi (igulisxmeba berZnuli sarwmunoebis mowinaaRmdegeni) sixaruliT 

xvdebodnen musulmanebs, berZenTa zizRis gamo. erekle gardaicvala 

641 wlis 11 Tebervals. 24


jafariZe 

d. d. VI VI msoflio msoflio kreba 

kreba 

VI msoflio krebam dagmo monoTelitoba (681 w.). 

`monoTelitoba-monoenergizmi, VII saukuneSi aRmosavleTis qristianul 

eklesiaSi gabatonebuli moZRvrebaa. monoTelitobis mixedviT, qristeSi ori 

bunebaa mocemuli, magram misi neba da qmedeba erTia _ RmerTkacuri. am 

dogmaturi formulis mizani iyo diofizitebisa da monofizitebis gaer- 

Tianeba orive mimdinareobisaTvis garkveuli daTmobiT da bizantiis imperiisaTvis 

aRmosavleTis monofizituri provinciebis Semomtkiceba. monoTelituri 

dogmati Camoyalibda 620-iani wlebis kavkasiaSi herakle keisris, 

sergi konstantinopolelisa da kiros fasiselis TaTbirisa da mimoweris 

Sedegad. xolo 633 wels gamoaqveyna aleqsandriis patriaqris saydarze 

gamosulma kiros fasiselma. monofizitebma monoTelituri unia Tavis gamarjvebad 

miiCnies, xolo qalkedonelebi mas sofron palestinelis meTaurobiT 

win aRudgnen. bizantiis samefo karma da eklesiam ukan daixia. 638 

wels gamoqveynda `sarwmunoebis gardamocema~, romliTac aikrZala kamaTi 

qristes `qmedebaTa~ Sesaxeb, xolo ZalaSi darCa dogmati qristes èrTi 

nebis~ Sesaxeb. savaraudoa, rom VII saukuneSi kavkasiis eklesiebis oficialuri 

mrwamsi monoTelituri iyo. 680-681 wlebSi VI msoflio saeklesio 

krebam monoTelitoba mwvaleblobad gamoacxada, dawyevla da yvela 

monoTelituri Txzuleba dawva~. 25 

monoTelitoba kvlav aRadgina imperatorma vardan filipikma, romelic 

erovnebiT somexi iyo, monoTeliti. 

kartaSevi ganagrZobs _ VI krebis dros, `680 wlis 7 noembridan 681 

wlis 16 seqtembramde Sesdga sul 18 sxdoma. krebis monawileTa raodenoba 

izrdeboda da bolos miaRwia 174-s. makari antioqielis dakiTxvis 

Semdeg krebaze aRar darCnen monoTelitebi. makaris bedi gadawyda. is 

jiutobda, magram gadaayenes. makaris nacvlad antioqielma samRvdeloebam 

airCia Teofani. 

makarTan kamaTis Semdeg waikiTxes warsulis werilebi _ sofronis epistole, 

`Tavebi~ kirisa, sergis werilebi, gonoris pasuxi. sofronis epistoles 

garda yvela gadasces anaTemas. es iyo me-13 sxdomaze _ 28.03.681 w. 

daiwera _ ùnda aRixocos eklesiidan saxelebi: sergisa, romelmac pirvelad 

dawera am upatiosno swavlebis Sesaxeb, kir aleqsandrielisa, pirosisa, 

pavlesi da petre konstantinepolelisa da Teodore faranelisa _ 

yvelas gadavcemT anaTemas. maTTan erTad papi gonoria...~ 

me-14 sxdoma 5 aprils mTlianad mieZRvna msjelobas jer kidev adre 

aRmoCenili falsifikatis Sesaxeb V msoflio krebis aqtebSi. saarqivo Ziebam 

aCvena, rom V krebis aqtebSi patriarq makaris mwerlis, giorgi beris xeliT 

damatebuli iyo falsifikati, aseve sxva falsifikati _ krebam anaTemas gadasca 

Cammateblebi. bolo me-18 krebas daeswro 174 episkoposi.


istoria 

651 

konstantine poRonatis Svili, iustiniane II (rinotmiti _ 685-695 da 705- 

711 ww.) simkacriT yvelas aWarbebda. misi imperatorobis pirveli periodis 

Semdeg taxtze avidnen leonti (695-698) da tiberi (609-705). tiberi Camoagdo 

iustiniane rinotmitma, romelic xersonesSi iyo gadasaxlebuli. xersonesi 

xalxmravali savaWro forposti iyo bizantiisa, romelic mas akav- 

Sirebda sarmatebTan da skviTebTan. xersonesis mcxovrebni iyvnen xelisuflebismoyvareni 

da avtonomiuri mmarTveloba gaaCndaT. bizantia Zalze 

afasebda xersoness _ egviptis dakargvis Semdeg purs skviTebidan iRebda. 

gadasaxlebis dros xersoneselebi iustinianes moepyrnen arastumarTmoyvrulad, 

amitomac taxtis dabrunebis Semdeg iustinianem gadawyvita mkacrad 

daesaja xersoneselebi. man 100 aTasi jariskaci dasxa flotze da gagzavna 

TavridaSi brZanebiT, moespoT yvela mcxovrebi xersonesisa. dampyroblebma 

mTeli maRali fena gaanadgures, bavSvebs ar klavdnen, danarCenebma 

Tavs gaqceviT uSveles... iustinianem roca gaigo, rom yvelas ar klavdnen, 

moiTxova xersoneseli tyveebi masTan mieyvanaT. qariSxalSi daiRupa 73 aTasi 

tyve. momdevno 711 wels iustinianem xersonesSi gagzavna axali floti 

brZanebiT _ moespoT yvela cocxali adamiani da gaenadgurebinaT qalaqi. 

floti ajanyda. mas sxva bizantielebic miemxrnen. amoirCies bizantiidan 

xersonesSi gadasaxlebuli vardani da gamoacxades imperatorad _ saxeliT 

filipike. iustiniane da misi vaJi mokles. somexma imperatorma vardane 

filipikem fuZe daudo isavrosTa _ bizantiel imperatorTa dinastias. 

erovnebiT somexma imperatorma filipike-vardanem uaryo VI msoflio 

kreba da trulis kreba. man gamoacxada monoTelitoba. filipike-vardane iyo 

aRzrdili stefanesi, romelic iyo mowafe makari antioqielisa, monoTelitTa 

burjisa VI krebaze. 712 wels filipikem moiwvia konstantinopolSi kreba, 

romelmac VI msoflio kreba anaTemas gadasca da aRadgina monoTelitoba. 

713 wels filipike Camoagdes. axalma imperatorma anastasi II-m marTlmadideblobis 

mxare daiWira. 26 

e. e. somxuri somxuri eklesia eklesia monoTelitobis monoTelitobis dros 

dros 

632 wels ezra kaTalikosis mier ereklesTan dadebuli unia ar iyo 

saxalxo, amitomac mudam wyvetili saxisa iyo. berZnebi TviTon iyvnen damna- 

Saveni da somxebs aSinebdnen TavianTi monoTelitobiT, _ wers kartaSevi. 27 

erekle, romelmac 638 wels gamosca Tavisi ektezisi, ar iyo TanxmobaSi 

qalkedonis krebasTan. somxeTSi Tavi wamoyo antiqalkedonitTa partiam, 

romelic popularuli iyo, xolo tiposis gamocemis (648 w.) Semdeg somxebi 

sabolood alaparakdnen, rom sakiTxi qalkedonis Sesaxeb sakamaToa TviT 

berZnebTan, rom somxebs ara aqvT mizezi, Secvalon grigoris sarwmunoeba 

`levis~ sarwmunoebaze. kaTalikosi iyo nerses III, aRzrdili saberZneTSi


jafariZe 

da qalkedonis momxre, magram is iZulebuli gaxda 648 wels moewvia kreba 

dvinSi, man gamosca epistole monofizituri swavlebiT. imperatorma konsta 

II-m (641-668 ww.) daarwmuna somxebi, ar daetovebinaT berZnebi. imperatori 

jariT Sevida karinSi (somxeTSi), mivida dvinSi nersesTan, daniSna mSvidobis 

liturgia. wirvis dros nersesma aRiara qalkedonis kreba. 

663 wels somxeTi moeqca arabTa Zalauflebis qveS da daiwyo kvlav 

Tavisi gancalkevebuli saeklesio cxovreba, magram unias formalurad kvlav 

ar uaryofda. somxebma yuradReba ar miaqcies trulis krebis im 

kanonebs, romelnic sagangebod somxuri Cveulebebis sawinaaRmdegod iyo 

mimarTuli. am dadgenilebebs mxedvelobaSi hyavdaT somxeTis marTlmadidebluri 

nawili alvaneTis kaTalikosis meTaurobiT, es iyo (700 wels) 

nerses-bakuri. is locvebSi moixseniebda berZenTa mefes. amis gamo misma 

konkurentma, mTavarma kaTalikosma, isaak (sahak) III egiam (iliam) (713-717) 

daabezRa is arabTa winaSe, rogorc arabTa moRalate. xalifam gagzavna jari 

da moiTxova, nersess uareyo berZnuli rwmena: sahak-ilia alvaneTSi Cavida 

xalifas moTxovniT, nersesis kaTedralur qalaq bardavSi. nersesi ar daemor- 

Cila, is Seipyres, daades borkilebi da borkilebSi gardaicvala. 

maSin Seadgines sagangebo aqti, romelSic uaryofdnen marTlmadideblobas 

da aRiarebdnen monofizitobas (707 w.), yvelam xeli moawera, xolo 

somxuri erTiani monofizituri eklesia aRdga. 28 

v. v. VII VII msoflio msoflio kreba kreba _ _ xatmebrZoloba. xatmebrZoloba. 787 787 w. 

w. 

a. kartaSevi ganagrZobs _ jer kidev 713 wels bizantiis somexi imperatori 

filipike-vardane apirebda gamoeca kanoni xatebis Tayvaniscemis winaaRmdeg. 

is ase iyo ganwyobili Tavisi monoTelituri ideologiiTac da Tavisi 

adgilobrivi somxur-pavlikianuri (eretikuli) aRzrdiTac, romelic mtrobda 

saeklesio kults, magram xatmebrZoloba daiwyo imperator lev isavrosis 

(717-741 ww.) dros. igi iyo frigiis samxedro gubernatori (warmoSobiT 

sirieli _ semiti). iq aRizarda da mieCvia xatmebrZolobas, romelic 

saerTod miRebuli iyo rogorc somxeTSi warmoSobil pavlikianobaSi, ise 

frigiul montanistebsa da novatianebSi. 717 wels arabebma alya Semoavles 

konstantinopols. imperia mxolod dedaqalaqisagan Sesdgeboda. erTi 

wlis Semdeg, 718 wels arabebma alya moxsnes, dakarges 150 aTasi kaci da 

male berZnebs arabebma waarTves somxeTi, kapadokia, biTvinia. levma daamarcxa 

arabebi frigiaSi 740 wels. amas levma miaRwia Zveli armiis reorganizaciiT. 

Tavisi mmarTvelobis me-10 wels is xatTa winaaRmdeg gamovida _ 

754 weli. bizantiis TiTqmis yvela episkoposi (ricxviT 338) gamovida 

xatebis winaaRmdeg (isavria-siriaSi hyvaoda xatmebrZoluri pavlikianoba 

da massalianoba).


istoria 

653 

levi mtrulad iyo ganwyobili papis mimarT... aqamde Zveli `didi saberZneTi~, 

e.i. italiis samxreTi (apulia, kalabria, sicilia), sadac cxovrobdnen 

berZnebi da am droisaTvis TavianT berZnul enaze laparakobdnen, da 

agreTve mTeli balkaneTis naxevarkunZuli (axaia, epiri, Tesalia, iliria, 

makedonia, dakia, mezia, dardania) imperiis Zvel imperatorTa mier dayofis 

Sesabamisad, iTvleboda dasavleT romis imperiis provinciebad da amitom 

romis patriarqis saeklesio kuTvnilebad, magram iq saeklesio cxovreba, 

saeklesio ena, wesi da Cveuleba mimdinareobda ara laTinur, aramed berZnul 

enaze (e.i. marTalia, balkaneTis naxevarkunZuli samxreT italiasTan erTad 

papis iurisdiqciaSi Sedioda, magram aq saeklesio ena iyo ara laTinuri, 

aramed berZnuli). laTinuri Cveuleba da ena is-is iyo iwyebda berZnuli 

enis Seviwroebas italiis samxreTsa da ukidures dasavleTSi (axaiesa da 

makedoniaSi). imperatorma levma, papis siZulvilis gamo, krebebis gareSe, 

Secvala sapatriarqoTa sazRvrebi romisa da konstantinopolisa. man ZaliT 

waarTva iurisdiqcia am vrcel teritoriaze da aseulobiT eparqia da 

saepiskoposo dauqvemdebara konstantinopolis arqiepiskoposs (e.i. balkaneTis 

naxevarkunZuli sxva teritoriebTan erTad CamoarTva papis iurisdiqcias 

da gadasca konstantinopols), ramac gaaRiziana romi. swored es 

gaRizianeba romsa da konstantinopols Soris safuZvlad daedo patriarq 

fotis (IX s.) dros eklesiaTa momaval ganxeTqilebas. 29 (aRsaniSnavia, rom 

bizantiis saxelmwifo ena VII saukunis dasawyisamde iyo ara berZnuli, 

aramed laTinuri). berZnuli ena aq saeklesio ena iyo... kartaSevi ase 

aRwers bizantiaSi laTinuri saxelmwifo enis Secvlas berZnuli eniT _ 

imperatori mavriki (582-602) kapadokieli iyo da cudad esmoda laTinuri 

ena. man sabolood oficialur saxelmwifo enad SemoiRo berZnuli ena 

laTinuri enis nacvlad (e.i. ukve dawyebuli procesi sabolood daasrula). 

ès detali asimbolizirebda aRmosavleT romis imperiis (bizantiis) wasvlas 

dasavleT romis imperiis batonobisagan~. 30 

imperator levis politikis gamgrZelebeli iyo misi Svili konstantine 

V (741-775), romelmac xatmebrZoloba devnamde miiyvana. mas uwodebdnen 

`kopronims~ (nexvians). qarTulad ki, rogorc es matianedan Cans, `skore~ 

erqva (amJamadac `skore~ _ frinvelis ganavals qvia). mas aujanyda misi dis 

qmari, somexi ardavazdi (romelic mxedarTmTavari iyo somxeTSi arabTa 

winaaRmdeg). ardavazdi Cavida konstantinopolSi, xelSi aiRo xelisufleba 

da gamoacxada xatTayvaniscema. erTi wlis Semdeg imperatorma konstantinem 

xelisufleba daibruna. 754 wels Catarda xatmebrZolTa kreba. daiwyo 

eklesiebidan xatebis gamotana. xatTayvanismcemeli berebi midiodnen emigraciaSi 

_ Savi zRvis Crdilo sanapiroze, yirimSi, xersonesSi, arabTa mier 

dapyrobil antioqiasa da aleqsandriis sapatriarqoebSi, sadac ar iyo devna. 

ber-monazvnoba gamocxadda danaSaulad, maT awamebdnen da klavdnen.


jafariZe 

garda konstantinopolisa, sxva sapatriarqoebSi, romelnic im dros imperiis 

gareT mdebareobdnen, srulebiT wynarad uyurebdnen bizantiur kamaTs. 

irines mefobisas (Tavis Svil konstantine VI-sTan erTad (780-790) xat- 

Tayvaniscema aRsdga. berebi ukan brundebodnen, magram es politika frTxilad 

tardeboda. 

VII msoflio kreba (787 w.) Catarda nikeaSi, romelic axlos iyo 

dedaqalaqTan _ irinesa da konstantines dros. Catarda 8 sxdoma. I nikeaSi 

24.09. bolo 787 wels 24.10. konstantinopolSi. mas eswreboda 350-368 

wevri. xatTayvaniscema aRsdga. dadginda: `safuZveli xatTayvaniscemisa _ 

esaa eklesiis gadmocema; ukamaTo saxe (nimuSi) _ jvris Tayvaniscema...~ 

788 wels irinem gadawyvita ganeSorebina 18 wlis konstantine sacolisagan 

da misTvis misi nebis sawinaaRmdegod SeerTo somexi maria. konstantines 

simkacrem SeTqmulTa mimarT TviT somxeTSi ajanyeba gamoiwvia (793). 

konstantine gaSorda somex marias. 

irine 797-802 ww-Si erTmmarTveli gaxda. misi Camogdebis Semdeg 802 

wlidan 860 wlamde basili I makedonelis (860) gamefebamde saimperatoro 

taxtze avida ori arabi, erTi arabcoliani berZeni, erTi somexi da sami 

frigieli; maTTvis xatebis Tayvaniscema ucxo iyo. xatTayvaniscema ufro 

èlinur~ dasavleTis provinciebSi (sicilia, samxreT italia, aqaia-aTenSi) 

iyo gavrcelebuli. jari, ZiriTadad, somxuri provinciebidan iyo da somxur 

provinciebSi daqiravebuli jariskacebisagan Sedgeboda, romlebic xatTayvaniscemas 

kerpTayvanismcemlobasTan aigivebdnen. 

imperatorebis nikoforesa (802-811) da mixail I rangaves (811-813) (romelic 

yofili ministri _ kurapalati iyo sasaxleSi), Semdeg imperatori gaxda 

lev V somexi (813-820) _ xatmebrZoli. 815 wels Catarda meore xatmebrZoluri 

kreba. am krebam Zala daubruna 754 wlis xatmebrZolur krebas, 

xolo 787 wels xatTayvanismcemluri kreba Zaladakargulad gamocxadda. 

imperatori mixeil II travli (820-829) pavlikiani iyo, romelsac ewodeboda 

aTigani. zogierTi bizantisti aigivebs maT `cignebTan~. is religiuri 

sindisis damcveli iyo, amitomac xatTayvanismcemlebs ar devnida. 822-823 

ww. ajanyda Toma slavi, man miimxro spars-somex-qarTvel-kavkasielebi. 

imperatori Teofile (829-842) xatmebrZoli iyo. man SeirTo naxevradsomexi 

Teodora. qmris sikvdilis Semdeg Teodora gamefda. mas hyavda Ze _ 

38 wlis mixail III. saxelmwifos marTavda mcire jgufi somxebisa _ Teodoras 

naTesavebi. mmarTvelebi erovnebiT somxebi logoTeti Teokrite, barda, 

Teodoras Zma da magistrosi manuili _ gvardiuli korpusis meTauri _ 

Teodoras biZa. saxelmwifoSi iseTi atmosfero iyo, rom yvela regentma 

gadawyvita aRedginaT xatebis Tayvaniscema da SeewyvitaT devna. gadasaxlebulebi 

gaaTavisufles. 843 wlis 11 marts, didmarxvis pirvel kviras erisa 

da samRvdeloebis saerTo wirvaze aRsdga xatebis Tayvaniscema Teodorasa 

da misi regentebis mier. es aris saeklesio dResaswaulis _ `marTlmadideblobis 

zeimis~ dRe. 31


istoria 

z. z. somxuri somxuri eklesia eklesia VIII-X VIII-X saukuneebSi 

saukuneebSi 

655 

707 wels xalifas gulis mosagebad somxurma eklesiam kavSiri gawyvita 

(formalurad) berZnul eklesiasTan da gaagrZela Tavisi erovnul-monofizituri 

cxovreba. kaTalikosma ioane oZunelma (717-729) moiwvia kreba siriel 

iakobitebTan erTad manaskertSi da anaTemas gadasca eretikosebi (e.i 

marTlmadideblebi), aikrZala berZnuli Cvevebis darCenili saeklesio naS- 

Tebi, aikrZala afuebuli puri(!), aikrZala Sobis dResaswauli 25 dekembers, 

gancalkevebiT gancxadebisagan (6 ianvrisagan) aikrZala didmarxvis yvela 

dReebSi Tevzis, Rvinisa da zeTis gamoyeneba. male somxuri eklesia mivida 

Tavis xatmebrZolobamde. xatebi im dros somxebs ar hqondaT, magram Tayvans 

scemdnen jvrebsa da nawilebs. xatebs eklesiebSi dekoraciuli mizniT 

kidebdnen, amitomac eklesiebs TiTqmis ar xatavdnen. moxatavdnen xolme 

arabeskebiTa da CitebiT, xanac srulebiT ar xatavdnen. roca X saukunis 

bolos kaTalikosma vaganma gamoiCina siyvaruli berZnuli ikonostasebis 

mimarT, is taxtidan Camoagdes. 32 

zemoT moyvanilidan naTlad Cans, rom V-X saukuneebSi somxuri eklesia 

iyo mZlavri organizacia, romelic Tavisi gavlenis sferoSi moicavda 

istoriuli somxeTis gareT myof teritoriebsac (alvaneTs VII-X saukuneeb- 

Si, taosa da samxreT saqarTvelos VI-VII saukuneebSi da qvemo qarTls IX- 

X saukuneebSi). TviT somxur eklesias angariSs uwevdnen bizantiis imperiaSi. 

saimperatoro karze didi gavlena hqondaT somxebs. sparseTis SahebisaTvis 

somxuri eklesia srulebiT misaRebi iyo da pativcemuli. arabebic 

aseve aZlierebdnen somxur eklesias, amitomac amgvar situaciaSi gacilebiT 

ufro SesaZlebeli iyo qarTvelebs mieRoT imperiebis mier pativcemuli 

somxuri sarwmunoeba da gadaqceuliyvnen somxuri eklesiis 

samwysod, vidre is, rom somxebs mieRoT qalkedonitoba da amis gamo isini 

`gaqarTvelebuliyvnen~. miT umetes, rom TviT somxur eklesiaSi qalkedonituri 

frTa Zlieri iyo IX-X saukuneebSic ki. 

somxuri eklesiis pretenziebi qarTuli 

eklesiis dauflebisaTvis 

somxuri eklesia sparsTa da arabTa imperiebma usazRvrod ganadides, 33 

gaaZlieres, somxebs daumorCiles sxva arasomexi xalxebi, sxva qristianuli 

eklesiebi, kerZod, istorikos sebeosis Tanaxmad, sparselebma VII saukunis 

10-ian wlebSi somxur eklesias daumorCiles sxva arasomexi qristianuli 

eklesiebi imiT, rom sparseTis imperiaSi mcxovrebi qristianebi aiZules 

mieRoT `somxuri sarwmunoeba~, amasve aRniSnavs mose kalankatuelic, 

arabTa xalifam somxebs ierarqiulad dauqvemdebara albaneTis eklesia,


jafariZe 

riTac am eklesiis avtokefalia gauqmda. amis Semdeg srulebiT moispo 

albanTa eklesiis nacionaluri saxe da is gasomxda. am eklesiis gasomxeba, 

kerZod, imiT gamoixata, rom xmarebidan ganidevna albanuri damwerloba, 

romlis adgili aq daiWira somxurma anbanma (anu, rac igivea, mesrop maStocis 

anbanma). aq dainerga somxuri wirva-locvis wesi da alvanTa eklesia 

daemorCila `wmida grigoris taxts~, anu dvinis sakaTalikosos somxeTSi. 

sruli ufleba gvaqvs, imdroindeli saerTaSoriso situaciidan gamomdinare, 

vifiqroT, rom am dros (VI-VII ss.) dampyrobelma imperiebma (sparselebisa 

da arabebisam) saqarTvelos im miwa-wyalzec gaavrcela somxuri eklesiis 

gavlena, romelic somxeTis mezoblad mdebareobda. 

cnobilia, rom berZnul-bizantiuri da somxuri eklesiebi erTmaneTs SeukavSirdnen 

erekle keisris dros, ufro metic, somxuri eklesiis erTi nawili 

saerTod SeuerTda berZnul eklesias. kerZod, somxeTis is nawili, 

romelic bizantiiis imperiis sazRvrebSi arsebobda. berZnul-somxuri eklesiebis 

erToba gagrZelebula 85 wels, vidre VIII saukunis dasawyisamde, 

rogorc a. kartaSevi wers: _ `somxuri eklesiis nawilis SeerTeba berZnebTan 

(sarwmunoebrivad) moxda kaTalikos ezras erTpirovnuli gadawyvetilebiT. 

ezra Tavis banakSi gamoiZaxa imperatorma iraklim. aq ezra eziara da 

swira, aqve somexTa kaTalikosma gadawyvita SeerTeboda berZnul ierarqias. 

ezra cxovrobda somxeTis berZnul nawilSi da ebrZoda mis mowinaaRmdege 

kaTalikos qristefores. iraklis mier rwmenis aRmsarebloba mowodebuli 

iyo somxebisaTvis misaRebi saxiT. 

maSasadame, VII saukunis dasawyisamde berZnul somxeTSi SeiZleba iTqvas, 

arsebobda marTlmadidebluri qalkedonuri eklesia. ziarebisas gamoiyeneboda 

afuebuli puri da wyalgareuli Rvino (rogorc qarTul eklesiaSi). 

cnobilia, rom tao (da mesxeTis zogierTi nawili) politikuri TvalsazrisiT 

VII saukuneSi somxeTis SemadgenlobaSia. taos (da mesxeTis sxva 

nawilebs) miiCneven bizantiur somxeTSi Semaval teritoriad, amitomac 

taos da mesxeTis zogierT nawilSi bizantiur-somxuri eklesiebis èrTobis~ 

dros batonobda marTlmadidebluri sarwmunoeba, oRond aq eklesieb- 

Si wirva-locvis dros gamoiyeneboda somxuri ena. SeiZleba iTqvas, rom ara 

marto berZnul somxeTSi, aramed saerTod somxeTSi, somexTa kaTalikos 

eliamde ase Tu ise qalkedonuri sarwmunoeba arsebobda. 

somxeTSi 663 wlis Semdeg arabTa Zalaufleba damyarda. somxebma ar 

uaryves ùnia~ berZnebTan. magram imis Semdeg, rac arabTa xelisuflebasTan 

somexma samRvdeloebam daamyara megobruli urTierToba, xolo 681 wels VI 

msoflio krebam dagmo monoTelitoba, somxeTma TandaTanobiT gawyvita saeklesio 

urTierToba bizantiasTan, arabTa xelisuflebac amis msurveli iyo. 

arabebTan axlo urTierToba daamyares somexTa kaTalikosebma sahak III 

Zoraforecma (677-703); ilia (elia) I-ma (703-717); hovhanes oZnecma (717-728).


istoria 

657 

swored maT dros somxurma eklesiam uaryo erToba berZnul eklesiasTan 

da sabolood daubrunda monofizitobas. 

kaTalikos sahak III-s arabTa sardali Sehpirebia `...Sevasruleb da gavakeTeb 

yovelives, rasac werilSi iTxov Cemgan da dae, Seni RvTisnieri 

locva-kurTxeva aRsruldes Cems mimarT~. sahak kaTalikosis Tanmxlebma 

pirebma arabi sardlis `werilobiTi fici wamoiRes da dabrundnen somexTa 

qveyanaSi~. somxebma irwmunes es fici da àmis Semdeg monuri morCilebiT 

emsaxurebodnen ismaitelebs~, _ wers istorikosi Revondi. 34 

cnobilia, arabTa mxardaWeriT Tu rogor sastikad dasaja somexTa kaTalikosma 

eliam albaneTis avtokefaluri eklesia da misi kaTalikosi bizantiuri 

orientaciis gamo. 

elias Semdgomi kaTalikosi hovhanesic arabTaTvis sasurveli kacia. 

TviT arabTa xalifam masTan xelSekruleba dado. arabebma somxuri eklesiis 

saxiT dasayrdeni SeiZines somxeTsa da dapyrobil amierkavkasiaSi. arabebs 

iseTi kargi urTierToba hqondaT somex samRvdeloebasTan, rom legendac 

ki Seqmnila, TiTqosda TviT winaswarmetyvel muhameds daudevs xelSekruleba 

somxebTan. 

`hovhanesi Turme imdeni uqiaT xalifa omar II-saTvis (717-720), rom mas 

saocrad mondomebia exila es sakvirveli pirovneba da TavisTan miewvia 

kidec... kaTalikosma sTxova xalifas, rom somexTaTvis rwmenis Tavisufleba 

mieniWebina da gadasaxadi ar moeTxova somxuri eklesiisaTvis. xalifam 

daakmayofila hovhanesis Txovna, riTac arabTa xelisufleba dasayrdens 

iZenda somxeTSi... somexTa Soris bolo xanebamde SemorCenilia gadmocemebi 

arabTa mfarvelobiT hovhanes oZnecis brZolis Taobaze qalkedonianobisa 

da bizantiis winaaRmdeg... erTi somxuri Tqmulebis mixedviT, viTomc 

TviT islamis fuZemdebels, winaswarmetyvel muhameds daudvia xelSekruleba 

somxebTan, romliTac rwmenis Tavisufleba miuniWebia maTTvis, amasTanave 

mRvdlebi, aznaurebi da mxedrebic gauTavisuflebia gadasaxadebisagan. arabebTan 

zavis dasamyareblad wasul somexTa zemoxsenebul kaTalikos sahak 

III-s, TiTqos xelT hqonda aRniSnuli xelSekruleba~. 35 

arabebi gansakuTrebiT devnidnen qarTvel mefeTa samefo saxls. dasces 

igi, xolo amave dros somxeTSi mefoba aRadgines. `matiane qarTlisaAs~ 

Tanaxmad, romelic cnobilia, rogorc umetes SemTxvevaSi sinamdvilis simarTliT 

aRmweri Txzuleba, arabebi devnidnen xosroian-gorgaslianTa qarTul 

samefo saxls. _ `xolo amieriTgan iwyo Semcirebad mefobaman didTa mefe- 

Ta xuasroanTman. pirvelad, ufleba sarkinozTa gandidna da mierTagan 

mieca yoveli ese qveyana JamiTi-Jamad rbevasa da oxrebasa. meored iqna 

simravle mTavarTa qveyanasa qarTlisasa da Seeria brZola, iqmnes mter 

urTierTs da ukeTu vinme gamoCndis SvilTa Soris vaxtangisTa, romelimca 

Rirs iyo mefed, iqmnis Semcirebul sarkinozTagan. rameTu daipyres qalaqi


jafariZe 

tfilisi agarianTa, Seqmnes saxlad sayofelad Tvisad, miiRebdes xarksa 

qveyanasa amisgan, romelsa hqvian xaraja, rameTu gangebiTa RmrTisaTa simravlisaTvis 

codvaTa CvenTasa gandidna naTesavi agarianTa~. 36 

qarTveli mefeebis gandevnisa da samefo saxlis ganadgurebis Semdeg 

arabebma somexi mefe aSot I cnes qarTvelTa mefedac. aSot I da misi 

memkvidreebi wyaroebSi ixsenieba rogorc `somexTa da qarTvelTa mefeebad~. 

aSot erkaTi somexTa da qarTvelTa SahinSahis tituliTac ixsenieba. 

somexi mefeebi, romelnic arabebma `qarTvelTa mefeebadac~ gamoacxades, 

ar cnes kaxeTis, dasavleT saqarTvelos da tao-klarjeTis qarTvelebma. am 

somex mefeebs xeli miuwvdebodaT mxolod Sida da qvemo qarTlze IX-X 

saukuneebSi, XI saukunis dasawyisSic. xolo qvemo qarTlSic saerTod Seiqmna 

somxuri, e.w. kvirikinTa samefo. 

saqarTvelos centrSi qvemo da Sida qarTlSi somxurma eklesiam gavlena 

moi pova, gansakuTrebiT qvemo qarTlSi. swored saqarTvelos gulSi 

qarTuli eklesiis gavlenis Sesustebis dros, qarTvelebma igrZnes, rom 

qarTveli xalxis gamaerTianebeli Zala iyo qarTuli eklesia. amitomac 

qarTvelebi tao-klarjeTSi, dasavleT saqarTvelosa da hereTSi mWidrod 

erTiandebian qarTuli eklesiis irgvliv. taosa da mimdebare provinciebis 

qarTveloba VIII saukunis Semdeg, dasavleT saqarTvelos qarTveloba VIII- 

X saukuneebSi da hereTis qarTveloba X saukuneSi qarTuli eklesiis 

erTguli mrevli xdeba. amave dros ki swored saqarTvelos gulSi, Sida da 

qvemo qarTlSi, xeli naklebad miuwvdeba qarTul eklesias, aq somxuri 

eklesiis (gansakuTrebiT qvemo qarTlSi) gavlena vrceldeba arabTa xelSewyobiT. 

`bizantiis sazRvarze, e.w. sasazRvro zonaSi, saxelmwifos yuradReba upirvelesad 

sam qveyanazea mi pyrobili. esenia: asureTi, ufro sworad, misi 

Crdilo nawili, zemo SuamdinareTi (jazira) da somxeTi _ amis gamo saxalifo 

xelisufleba yoveli RoniT cdilobda somxeTSi Tavisi Zalauflebis 

ganmtkicebas. somxeTis eklesiisa Tu saero zedafenis erTi nawilis saxiT 

SedarebiT saimedo dasayrdeni gaiCina. amgvari viTarebis Sedegia, rom 

somexi bagratunebi xSirad saxalifos keTilganwyobilebiT sargeblobdnen 

da maTi Zalauflebac TandaTan mtkicdeboda somxeTSi... swored amgvar 

pirobebSi moxda, rom saxalifos nebiTa Tu TanxmobiT somxeTis mTavari 

aSot I jer 862 wels somxeTis mTavarTa-mTavari gaxda, xolo 884/85 wels 

aRdgenil iqna V s-is pirvel mesamedSi (428 w.) gauqmebuli, dacemuli 

somxeTis samefo. saxalifos nebarTviT aRdgenili somxeTis samefos taxtze 

igive aSot I aiyvanes... xalifebi somex xelisufalTa gamoyenebiT, maTi 

meSveobiTac apirebdnen somxeTSi arsebul, centraluri xelisuflebisagan 

gandgomis mosurne arabuli saamiroebis daqvemdebarebas. vfiqrobT, swored 

ase unda gavigoT is faqti, rom aSot I-is xelisuflebas saxalifos nebiT


istoria 

659 

unda damorCilebodnen istoriuli somxeTis teritoriaze mdebare arabuli 

saamiroebic... aseT viTarebaSi savsebiT mosalodnelia, saxalifo kars 

somexTa xelisufali aSot I qarTlis mTavradac ecno. marTlac, rogorc 

zemoT aRvniSneT, aSot I SedarebiT mogviano xanis somxur wyaroebSi ixsenieba 

ara marto somexTa, aramed `somexTa da qarTvelTa mTavarTa-mTavrad~. 

aseve aSot I da misi memkvidreebi somxur wyaroebSive `somexTa da qarTvelTa 

mefeebad~ iwodebian. dReisaTvis araerTi mkvlevaria im azrisa, rom `somex- 

Ta da qarTvelTa mTavarTa mTavris~ tituli aSot I-s swored xalifam 

uwyaloba. aseve, 922 wels xalifas unda eboZebina somexTa mefe aSot 

erkaTisTvis ara marto somexTa, aramed `somexTa da qarTvelTa SahinSahis~ 

tituli... rac 862 wels aSot I-s saxalifom `mTavarTa mTavris~ tituli 

uboZa, misTvis qarTlze meTvalyureobac unda miendo... radgan xalifebma 

somex xelisufalTa gamoyenebac scades somxeTis orguli amirebis dasaqvemdebareblad, 

bunebrivia, Tbilisis saamirosa da sazogadod `mourjulebel~ 

qarTlze aSot I-isTvis daekisrebinaT Tvalyuris devneba... arc aSot I-s da 

mis memkvidreebs ar SeswevdaT Zala mTeli qarTlis dasamorCileblad, 

Tumca, am mimarTulebiT maT erTgvar warmatebas mainc miaRwies. somexma 

mefeebma SesZles esargeblaT qarTvel xelisufalTa Soris arsebuli winaaRmdegobiT, 

kerZod, guram mamfalis saxlis ganadgurebiT, agreTve Tbilisis 

amirebis sisustiT da TandaTan qvemo qarTlis mniSvnelovani nawili 

daisakuTres. gasaTvaliswinebelia, rom arabTa batonobis Sesustebis Jams 

somxeTi TiTqmis erTian qveyanas, erTian saxelmwifos warmoadgenda~. 37 

Tu Tbilisis saamiro da qvemo qarTli somex mefeebs daemorCila, maT 

qarTlis umetes nawilzec (igulisxmeba Sida qarTli) gavlena eqnebodaT. 

Cans, am mizeziTac iyo gamowveuli is, rom kaxeTis, egris-afxazeTis Tu taoklarjeTis 

konsolidaciisa da am kuTxeebSi centralizebuli qarTuli saxelmwifoebrivi 

erTeulebis gaCenis Semdeg Sida qarTli kvlav daSlildayofili 

iyo ramdenime sagvareulos Soris, xolo qvemo qarTlSi saerTod 

qarTul-erovnuli mmarTvelobiTi institutis nacvlad somxur-qarTuli samefo 

warmoiqmna (qarTuli imdenad, ramdenadac am kuTxis mosaxleoba eTnikurad 

qarTvelebs warmoadgenda, grigorianuli sarwmunoebis mqones anu `somxebs~). 

somxeTis samefos aRdgenis Semdeg somex mefeTa mTel samflobeloSi 

vrceldeba `somxuri sarwmunoeba~. aRsaniSnavia, rom TviT arabi mmarTvelebic 

ki xels uwyobdnen somxuri sarwmunoebis gavrcelebas. im mizezis gamo, rom 

qvemo qarTli somexi mefeebis xelqveiT moeqca, aq intensiurad vrceldeba 

grigorianoba. somex istorikos drasxanakertcs daculi hqonda cnoba, romlis 

Tanaxmadac, erTi arabi rjulismoZRvari amxelda, Turme arab mmarTvels 

somxuri sarwmunoebis gavrcelebis xelSewyobis saqmeSi. erTi mahmadiani 

rjulis moZRvari Turme ase mimarTavda arab mmarTvels: ganZis gulisaTvis 

somex qristianTa `moZRvrebis gavrcelebas ratom uwyob xels?~ 38


jafariZe 

somex mefeebs, romelTac `somexTa da qarTvelTa SahinSahis~ tituli 

hqondaT arabTagan miRebuli, albaT, xeli unda SeewyoT maTi gavlenis 

sferoSi moqceuli mezobeli qveynebis, maT Soris, Sida da qvemo qarTlSi 

`somxuri sarwmunoebis~ gavrcelebisa da qalkedonuri, anu `qarTuli sarwmunoebis~ 

devnisaTvis. 

`naTelia, rom somexi mefe-mTavrebi Tu somxuri eklesiis mesveurebi 

qrTamiT bevr rames aRwevdnen arabTa xelisuflebasTan. am saSualebiT 

`somxuri qristianobis~ (grigorianobis) gavrcelebasac ki axerxebdnen mezobel 

mxareebSi. vfiqrobT, SesaZlebelia vivaraudoT, rom aSot I-ma da 

misma memkvidreebma _ sumbat I-ma da aSot II erkaTma aramarto somexTa, 

aramed `somexTa da qarTvelTa mTavarTa mTavrisa~ Tu mefis, anda SahinSahis 

titulebi rom miiRes arabTagan, aSot I-s arabebma rom miandes meTvalyureoba 

qarTlzec, xsenebul somex xelisufalT am saqmeSic unda daxmarebodaT 

qrTami, Zvirfasi saCuqrebi, saxalifos karis moqrTamva, mosyidva. 

sxvaTa Soris, aSot I-s 862 wels `mTavarTa mTavris~ tituli somxeTis 

arabi mmarTvelis, warmoSobiT somexi ali ibn iahia al-armanis xalifas 

winaSe SuamdgomlobiT mieniWa... imis gamo, rom bagratunebi mTel kavkasiaSi 

gabatonebaze ocnebobdnen, isini am mimarTulebiT pirvel rigSi qarTlis 

daqvemdebarebaze fiqrobdnen, rameTu qarTli ara marto saqarTvelos guls, 

aramed mTeli kavkasiis bunebriv centrsac warmoadgenda... sakuTriv qarTlSi 

Zlieri qarTuli politikuri erTeuli arc IX saukunis dasasrulisaTvis 

da arc momdevno xanebSi ar arsebobda, calkeuli qarTuli samefo-samTavroebic 

erTmaneTs ebrZodnen pirvelobisaTvis da TiTqmis erTiani somxeTis 

mefeebma, somexma bagratunebma, rogorc ukve iTqva, moaxerxes droebiT esargeblaT 

amiT, IX-X saukuneTa mijnaze somexTa mefe pretenzias rom acxadebda 

TiTqmis mTel saqarTveloze, saxeldobr, qarTlsa da darialzec, amis 

Sesaxeb araerTi cnoba moipoveba drasxanakertcis `somxeTis istoriaSi~... 

`...am dros egrisis mefem konstantinem... Sekriba jari da gaemarTa... raTa 

gugarTa qveyana da alanTa karis axlos mcxovrebi mosaxleoba erTxelve 

Tavis xelqveiT daemorCilebina, radgan es xalxi sumbat mefes hyavda damor- 

Cilebuli da xelqveiTad qceuli~... 39 

drasxanakertci gugars uwodebs mTel qarTls. 40 misi azriT, somxeTs 

emezoblebian Semdegi xalxebi _ berZnebi, egriselebi, gugarelebi da utielebi. 

41 utielebi alvanelebi iyvnen, aRmosavleT saqarTvelos qarTvelebs (Sida 

da qvemo qarTlis mosaxleobas) ki gugarelebs uwodebs. 

gugarTa qveyana, misi azriT, somxeTis mefes emorCileba. gugarelebi, (anu 

mTeli aRmosavleT saqarTvelos mosaxleoba, qarTvelebi) somexi mefis xelqveiTia, 

maTze araviTari ufleba ara aqvs egris-afxazeTis mefes _ ase 

fiqrobs es istorikosi, romelic somxuri eklesiis meTauri _ kaTalikosi iyo. 

somexTa am kaTalikoss, cxadia, miaCnia, rom mas, iseve rogorc somexTa 

mefes, sruli ufleba aqvs mTel aRmosavleT saqarTveloze. Cans, es qveyana 

Tavis samwysod miaCnda.


istoria 

661 

swored aseTi Tvalsazrisi edo safuZvlad somxur eklesias, roca is 

qarTuli eklesiis daqvemdebarebaze pretenzias acxadebda. 

`sazogadod, somxuri eklesiis didi pretenziebi mecnierebisaTvis kargadaa 

cnobili. marTalia, somxuri eklesiis mesveurTa miswrafebebs, ierarqiulad 

somxurisadmi daeqvemdebarebinaT qarTuli eklesiac, praqtikulad 

TiTqmis araviTari Sedegi ar mohyolia, magram Sexla-Semoxla saukuneebis 

manZilze grZeldeboda. drodadro qarTul-somxuri eklesiebis urTierToba 

metismetad, ukiduresobamde mwvavdeboda. qarTlis mimarT somxuri eklesiis 

pretenziebis `dasasabuTeblad~ somxur garemoSi araerTi legenda 

warmoiqmna. 

somxuri eklesia qarTuli eklesiis daqvemdebarebaze pretenzias stefane 

mtbevaris xanaSic acxadebda, maSin, rodesac qarTuli eklesia aSkarad 

aRmavlobis, gaZlierebis gzaze idga. 42 _ `somxuri eklesiis didi pretenziebi 

adridanve dasturdeba mas Semdeg, rac VII saukunis damdegs 

qarTul-somxur eklesiebs Soris ganxeTqileba moxda, qarTuli eklesia 

TandaTan mWidrod daukavSirda bizantias, berZnul eklesias, xolo somxuri 

eklesia kvlavindeburad da kidev ufro mkveTrad dapirispirebuli 

aRmoCnda bizantiis eklesiasTan. sasanidTa iranis msgavsad, arabTa xelisuflebam 

ganizraxa esargebla amiT da somxuri eklesia Tavis Tanamdgomad 

eqcia bizantiis winaaRmdeg brZolaSi~. 43 

a. abdalaZe wers: _ `sxvaTa Soris, IX saukunesa da X saukunis naxevar- 

Sic ki SeimCneva somxuri eklesiis erTgvari pretenzia ara marto mTels 

amierkavkasiaze, aramed Crdilo kavkasiazec~. 44 

Sida da qvemo qarTlisaTvis brZolisas, qarTvel xelisufalTa da somex 

mefeTa Soris, cxadia, qarTuli eklesia qarTvel xelisufalTa mxares iyo, 

radganac somexi mefeebis gabatonebas qarTlSi Sedegad mohyveboda qarTuli 

eklesiis an ganadgureba, anda somxuri eklesiisadmi daqvemdebareba am 

kuTxeSi. nawilobriv es asec moxda, qvemo qarTlSi somex mefeTa gabatonebis 

Semdeg adgilobrivi mkvidri qarTveli mosaxleoba somxuri eklesiis 

mrevlad iqca. 

`somex bagratun da lixsiqeTis mefeebs Soris qarTlisaTvis gaCaRebul 

brZolaSi qarTvelTa kaTalikosebi, mcxeTis sakaTalikoso taxti, ra Tqma 

unda, lixsiqeTis mefeebs dauWerda mxars, xolo somexTa mefeebs, rac ki 

SeeZlo, yovelgvari saSualebiT aRudgeboda win, rasac didi mniSvneloba 

unda hqonoda brZolis bedis lixsiqeTis mefeebis sasargeblod gadawyvetisaTvis. 

sxva rom ara iyos ra, qarTlSi somex bagratunTa SemoWras mohyveboda 

mTeli kavkasiis mimarT didi pretenziebis mqone somxuri eklesiis 

gaZliereba, misi SemoRweva qarTlis olqebSi, rac qarTuli eklesiis Tavkacebs 

aramc da aramc ar endomebodaT. ...somexTa mefeebTan WidilSi qarTuli 

eklesia uyoymanod unda damdgariyo lixsiqeTis mefeebis mxareze... 45


jafariZe 

SeiZleba gamoiTqvas mosazreba imis Sesaxeb, rom SesaZloa, IX-X saukune- 

Ta periodSi qarTlis (mcxeTis) kaTalikosi ijda ara mcxeTaSi (qalaqSi), 

aramed jer guaram mamfalis `samamfloSi~, xolo Semdgom daviT kurapalatis 

`qarTvelTa samefoSi~. SeiZleba sakaTalikoso kari droebiT, gansakuTrebuli 

viTarebis gamo qalaq mcxeTaSi ar imyofeboda, Tumca ki mainc 

kaTalikoss `mcxeTeli mamamTavris~ tituli hqonda, mcxeTas uSualod emezobleboda 

Tbilisis saamiro. am saamiroze ufleba, rogorc zemoT iyo 

naTqvami, miniWebuli hqondaT somexTa mefeebs. saerTod, mTel qarTlze somexi 

mefeebi (da eklesia) pretenzias acxadebdnen. aseve, mcxeTis uSualo mezobeli 

hereTic, somxuri eklesiis gavlenis sferoSi iyo moqceuli. grigol 

xanZTelis cxovrebidan Cans, rom mis dros qarTuli eklesiis kreba, romelsac 

mravali episkoposi eswreboda, Catarda ara mcxeTaSi, aramed javaxeT- 

Si. am krebas axali kaTalikosi unda gamoerCia da taxtze daesva, amitomac 

mosalodneli iyo am krebis mcxeTaSi, anu sakaTalikoso qalaqSi Catareba, 

magram mcxeTel kaTalikoss javaxeTSi irCeven. saqme is unda yofiliyo, 

rom IX saukuneSi qarTlis samxreT miwebze arsebobda politikur-administraciuli 

erTeuli samamflos saxelwodebiT. samamflo moicavda samcxes, 

javaxeTs, TrialeTs, artaans, taSirs da abocs. samamflos damaarsebeli iyo 

aSot didi kurapalatis Ze _ guaram mamfali. guaramis sikvdilis Semdeg 

(882 w.) samamfloc daiSala da misi erTi nawili gasomxda. swored am 

samamfloSi unda yofiliyo gadasuli mcxeTis kaTalikosi arab-somexTa 

Tbilisisaken moZalebis Jams guaram mamfalis dros. amas TiTqosda miu- 

TiTebs is, rom giorgi merCules mier mocemuli cnobis Tanaxmad, mcxeTis 

kaTalikosis arCeva-dadgenaSi swored upiratesad samcxisa da javaxeTis 

(anu samamfloSi Semavali provinciebi) eriskacni da samRvdeloni monawileoben. 

agreTve monawileobda guaram mamfali, romelsac giorgi merCule 

did mamfals da did xelmwifes uwodebda. samcxe da TrialeTi samamflos 

ZiriTadi olqebi iyo. guaram mamfali gansakuTrebul yuradRebas rom aqcevda 

samcxes, iqidanac Cans, rom aq augia cixeebi _ oZrxe, jvaris cixe da 

lomsianTa. mcxeTeli kaTalikosis karis droebiT samamfloSi yofnas Sei- 

Zleba miuTiTebdes is, rom `samcxis ers~ da samcxel xelisufal mirians 

Zala SeswevT daadginon axali kaTalikosi. giorgi merCule wers... àramed 

qarTlisa episkoposni mirvani arsenis mamisaTvis friad gulwyebul iyvnes 

amis mizezisaTvis, rameTu Tvinier ganzraxvisa maTsa mZlavr samcxisa eri- 

Ta ZeA Tvisi daadgina kaTalikosad TandgomiTa da kurTxeviTa mciredTa 

episkoposTaATa~. 46 

guaram mamfals ki surda, samcxisve episkoposi efrem mawyvereli daedgina 

kaTalikosad. orive sakaTalikoso kandidati efremica da arsenic, samcxelebi 

arian. `didi efrem uwinares mravliT wliT arsenisa iqna episkopos 

awyurisa saydarsa `samcxes~, 47 magram `samcxis eris mZlavrobiT sakaTal-


istoria 

663 

ikoso taxtze ukve auyvaniaT arseni, arsenis mamis, mirvan samcxeli xelisuflis 

survilis Tanaxmad. guaram mamfals surda gadaeyenebina sakaTalikoso 

taxtidan arseni da mis magier efremi daedgina. am mizezis gamo, is 

unda cdiliyo saeklesio kreba (romelsac ufleba hqonda amgvari moqmedebisa) 

Caetarebina rac SeiZleba samcxedan Sors, raTa `samcxis ers~ ar 

hqonoda krebaze zemoqmedebis saSualeba. marTlac, krebas iwveven javaxeT- 

Si. ratom ar iwveven krebas mcxeTaSi an sxvagan? Cans, swored imis gamo, 

rom samamflo aris is politikuri olqi, sadac Tavisufalad moqmedebs 

qarTuli eklesia. Cans, mcxeTaSi, Sida qarTlsa da sxva kuTxeebSi arabsomexTa 

mZlavrobis gamo qarTuli eklesia Tavisuflad ver moqmedebs. 

cnobilia, rom VIII saukunis Sua wlebSi mcxeTa ise iyo dangreuli, rom iq 

arCil mefe ver dajda egrisidan dabrunebis Semdeg. _ `xolo garyvnili 

iyo sayofelad mcxeTa. gardamovida arCil egrisiT da dajda nacixarsa 

xidrisasa~. 48 mcxeTaze ukeTesi samyofeli xidris nacixari yofila, sadac 

arCili dajda, magram, Cans, aqac yofna SeuZlebeli iyo da is kaxeTSi 

gadavida, Tumca mainc awames. SeiZleba imis Semdeg, rac qarTlis erismTavrebma 

(bagrationebma) datoves Sida qarTli da miaSures samxreT saqarTvelos, 

kaTalikosis taxtic droebiT maT gahyva. albaT amitomacaa, rom guaram 

mamfali Tavis qveyanaSi iwvevs saeklesio krebas `da swrafad brZana 

Sekreba episkoposTa da udabnoAsa mamaTa. da yovelni Semokrebs javaxeTs...~ 

(aRsaniSnavia, rom klarjeTSi am dros saeklesio mSenebloba mimdinareobda, 

romelic dasrulebuli ar iyo. mcxeTaSi mogvianebiT patriarq 

melqisedeks aRudgenia taZari da qalaqi (X saukunis bolos da XI saukunis 

dasawyisSi). 49 es imas ar niSnavs, rom qarTul eklesias aRmosavleT 

saqarTveloSi realuri Zalaufleba ar hqonda, magram radganac es mxare 

am dros iyo Zalze xSiri omebis asparezi arab-somexTa da qarTvelTa 

(afxaz, tao-klarjel da kaxel mflobelTa) Soris. amitomac SeiZleba 

sakaTalikoso kari samamfloSi iyo, xolo samamflos daSlis Semdeg kaTalikosi 

SeiZleba tao-klarjeTSi daviT kurapalatis karze imyofeboda. 

iahia antioqieli wers: daviT kurapalatma elCad berZenTa imperatorTan 

kaTalikosi gaagzavnao. 

Cven zemoT moyvaniliT mxolod imis Tqma gvsurda, rom qarTuli eklesiis 

centri ise dasustebuli iyo arab-somexTa Sida da qvemo qarTlze 

batonobisas, rom mas araviTari Zala ar Seswevda qarTuli qristianoba 

gaevrcelebina hereTSi, dasavleT saqarTvelosa da taoSi da es mxareebi 

qarTuli eklesiis iurisdiqciaSi moeqcia. magram radganac centris amgvari 

krizisuli yofis drosac ki qarTuli qristianoba mainc gaZlierda 

hereTSi, dasavleT saqarTvelosa da taoSi, gviCvenebs, rom am provinciebSi 

qarTulma eklesiam gaimarjva ara garedan Zaldataneba-iZulebis Sedegad, 

aramed Sinagani moTxovnilebis ZaliT. magaliTad, qarTuli eklesiis centrs 

Zala ar Seswevda hereTis vrceli mxare moeqcia qalkedonitobaze,


jafariZe 

magram radganac hereTi gaqalkedonitda, miuTiTebs, rom es procesi aq iyo 

Sinagani moTxovnis Sedegi (e.i. qarTvel xalxTan, qarTul eklesiasTan dabrunebis 

moTxovna) da ara garedan Zaldatanebisa. aseve iTqmis taosa da 

dasavleT saqarTvelozec. hereTSi, taosa da dasavleT saqarTveloSi qarTulma 

eklesiam gaimarjva am kuTxeebis adgilobrivi qarTuli mosaxleobis 

TviTSegnebisa da TviTSemecnebis gazrdis Sedegad. hereTma da taom uaryves 

somxeTis eklesia da daubrundnen deda eklesias (romelic am dros dasustebuli 

iyo), xolo dasavleT saqarTvelos qarTvelebma uaryves berZnuli 

eklesia da daubrundnen qarTul eklesias. 

qarTuli eklesia amiT gaZlierda da is gaZlierda periferiebis dabrunebis 

Semdeg. cxadia, hereTisa da taos dakargvam VII-X saukuneebSi 

gaaRiziana somxuri eklesia, xolo berZnuli eklesia gaaRiziana dasavleT 

saqarTvelos dakargvam (VIII-X saukuneebSi), aman TiTqosda SeakavSira bizantiel-somexi 

ierarqebi qarTuli eklesiis sawinaaRmdegod. konstantinopolis 

patriarqs nikoloz mistikoss (901-907, 911-925) werili miuweria 

somexTa kaTalikos-patriarqisaTvis: 

`...Seni RvTismoyvareobisaTvis vgoneb ar aris gaugebari Cveni gulis 

didi wuxili da daunelebeli tkivili somexTa, qarTvelTa da alvanelTa 

Sendami rwmunebuli erToblivi samwysosaTvis mware Wiris gamo, romelic 

Tavs dagatydaT ismaitel moZaladeTgan. ...aw Tu Tqveni uwmidesoba marTebulad 

miiCnevs, upirvelesad yovlisa saWiroa... RmerTis mimarT vedreba somexTa, 

qarTvelTa da alvanelTa Seni sawymsosaTvis... werili gamougzavneT mag 

kurapalatsac (qarTvelTa mefe àdarnases~) da afxazTa meTaursac da 

vurCevdiT, rom maT esminaT Tqveni darigeba...~ 50 

xazgasmiT aRsaniSnavia is, rom bizantiis imperia gansaxilvel periodSi 

VIII_X saukuneebSi da saerTodac, gacilebiT ufro rbilad da loialurad 

epyroboda somxur eklesias, vidre erTmorwmune qarTul eklesias. 

amis damamtkicebel erT-erT magaliTad gamodgeba imperator basil bulgarTmmusvrelis 

damokidebuleba qarTuli da somxuri eklesiebisadmi. mar- 

Talia, basili erT periodSi barda skliarosis ajanyebis CaxSobis Semdeg, 

madlobis niSnad ekonomiurad daexmara qarTvel samRvdeloebas, magram 

swored mis dros daiwyo bizantiaSi qarTuli eklesiis sawinaaRmdego is 

totaluri devna, romelic XI saukunis Sua wlebamde gagrZelda. 

qarTuli matianis Tanaxmad, saqarTvelos mefe giorgi I-is winaaRmdeg 

mebrZolma imperatorma basilim cxovelmyofeli jvaric ki dasca miwaze 

da SehRaRada _ aRar gcem Tayvans, Tu qarTvelebi damamarcxebeno (ix. sxva 

TavebSi). TiTqos amis Semdeg basilim SesZlo qarTvelTa damarcxeba. es 

uCvenebs, Tu rogor ukiduresobamde mivida basili qarTul saxelmwifosa 

da eklesiasTan brZolisas. maSin, roca somxur eklesiasTan basilis damokidebuleba 

srulebiT gansxvavebulia. saerTod, bizantieli xelisufalni 

rbilad da yuradRebiT epyrobodnen somex sasuliero xelisufalT _ `bi-


istoria 

665 

zantiis xelisufalni zogjer, garkveuli mosazrebiT, somexTa `mamamTavrebis~ 

gulis mogebasac cdilobdnen. ase magaliTad, Tavisi sisastikiT cnobili 

keisari basil II bulgarTmmusvreli (976-1025)... iseTi `yuradRebiT~, 

imdenad `Tbilad~ epyroboda somex `mamebs~, rom somxeTSi legendac ki 

Seiqmna, TiTqos bizantiis es mrisxane keisari `somxuri sarwmunoebis~ (grigorianobis) 

aRmsarebeli gamxdara. kirakos ganZakecis sityviT, basili II ìyo 

kaci keTilmorwmune, metadre somexi eris mimarT, amitomac uaryo man qalkedonuri 

mrwamsi da Cvens (somexTa-a.a) WeSmarit sarwmunoebaze moiqcia~. 51 

Tu rogori Rrma pativiscemiT epyroboda ara marto bizantiis saero 

xelisufleba, aramed sasulieroc ki somxebsa da maT eklesias, iqidanac 

Cans, rom `...bizantiaSi gavrcelda patriarq fotiosis (857-867, 877-886) 

mier politikuri mosazrebiT SeTxzuli cnobebi keisar basili I-is (867- 

886) somex arSakunTagan warmomavlobis Sesaxeb. am Tvalsazriss ar uaryofdnen 

basili I-is memkvidreebi~... 52 ufro metic, bizantiis patriarqma fotiosma 

miswera werili somexTa patriarqs, romelSic fotiosi cnobs somxuri 

eklesiis uzenaesobas CrdiloeTis yvela xalxze (albaT, qarTvelebze) 

da scnobs somxuri eklesiis samociqulo uflebebs, `fotiosmac miswera 

werili Tavis Tanamedrove somxeTis patriarqs zaqaria I-s (855-876)... fotiosi 

cdilobs somexi `mamebis~ gulis mogebas, maT gadabirebas. amis gamo igi 

cnobs somxuri eklesiis samociqulo uflebebs, mis uzenaesobas CrdiloeTis 

yvela xalxze~. 53 faqtobrivad, aseve iqceva bizantiis Semdgomi patriarqi 

nikoloz mistikosic~ `...nikoloz mistikossac, imperiis samoqmedo gegmis 

Sesabamisad, carieli sityvebiT da ara saqmiT, moCvenebiT, angariSi gauwevia 

somxeTis patriarqis, darasxanarketcis pretenziebisaTvis qarTuli eklesiis 

mimarT~. 54 

maSasadame, X saukuneSic ki, berZenTa da somexTa am patriarqebis dros, 

roca qarTuli eklesia uCveulod ganmtkicda da amaRlda sulierad, gaizarda 

da gaifarTova iurisdiqciis sazRvrebi, aseTi mdgomareobisasac ki somxuri 

eklesiis meTauri pretenzias acxadebs qarTuli eklesiis mimarT da 

am pretenzias, somxur wyaroTa Tanaxmad, bizantiac ki mxars uWers. roca 

bizantieli patriarqebi fotiosi (IX s.) Tu nikolozi (X s.) cnoben somxuri 

eklesiis ùzenaesobas CrdiloeTis yvela xalxze~ da aRiareben `somxebs, 

qarTvelebs da albanelebs~ somxuri eklesiis `samwysod~, amis mizezad 

ar unda davasaxeloT mxolod politikuri motivebi, TiTqosda aseT daTmobaze 

bizantia midioda somxeTis advilad dapyrobis mizniT. 

sinamdvileSi, am mimarTvebSi, Cans, asaxva hpova im realurma viTarebam, 

romelSic imyofeboda rogorc albanelTa, ise qarTvelTa eklesiebis nawili 

VI-X saukuneebSi. 

cxadia, qarTuli eklesia, rogorc mTliani erTeuli, yovelTvis damoukidebeli 

da avtokefaluri iyo somxuri eklesiisagan, magram misi sxvadasxva


jafariZe 

nawili sxvadasxva saukuneSi eqceoda somxuri eklesiis gavlenis sferoSi, 

kerZod, VI saukunis pirvel naxevarSi aRmosavleT saqarTvelos eklesiis 

nawili moeqca somxuri eklesiis gavlenis qveS, VII-IX saukuneebSi qarTuli 

eklesiis ganuyofeli nawili hereTi, somxuri eklesiis gavlenis sferoSia. 

VII saukuneSi mesxeTi (klarjeTic ki nawilobriv) aseve somxuri eklesiis 

gavlenis qveSaa (aq tao, basiani da speric igulisxmeba VI-IX saukuneebSi). 

IX saukunidan somxuri eklesia Sida qarTlze iwyebs gavlenis gavrcelebas 

da amis gamo qvemo qarTlSi IX-X saukuneebSi saerTod vrceldeba somxuri 

sarwmunoeba _ grigorianoba qarTvelTa Soris (e.w. kvirikianTa samefoSi), e.i. 

`qarTveldebodnen~ ara somxebi, aramed, piriqiT, qarTvelebi somxdebodnen. 

didi mTargmnelebi 

giorgi mTawmidelis meSveobiT qarTulma saxelmwifom da eklesiam Ses- 

Zles antioqiisa da sxva berZnul sapatriarqoebSi qarTuli eklesiis 

avtoritetis amaRleba. daamtkices berZnul wyaroTa Cvenebebis safuZvelze 

qarTuli eklesiis avtokefaliis arseboba, aqedan gamomdinareobda qarTuli 

eklesiis faqtobrivad arsebuli sapatriarqo Rirsebis iuridiulad 

cnobac. am didi gamarjvebis miRweva SeuZlebeli iqneboda eqvTime, giorgi 

da sxva wmida mamebis mTargmnelobiTi moRvaweobis gareSe. qarTveli wmida 

mamebis mier qarTul enaze intensiuri, umagaliTo, gasaocari masStabis 

mTargmnelobiTi moRvaweoba gamowveuli iyo ara wminda literaturuli 

interesebiT, aramed mwvave politikur-sarwmunoebrivi garemoebiT. 55 

saqarTvelos erTiani saxelmwifos Seqmnam X saukunis dasasruls, Semdgom 

ki umalve saqarTvelos sapatriarqos daarsebam, Zlier gaaRiziana rogorc 

bizantiis imperia, aseve berZnuli sapatriarqoebi. bizantiis imperiam omi 

gamoucxada saqarTvelos saxelmwifos, romelic 33 weli gagrZelda. bizantiis 

imperiasTan mebrZoli eri da misi eklesia mwvalebelTa erad da 

mwvalebelTa eklesiad gamoacxades, miT umetes, rom qarTulma eklesiam 

sapatriarqo eklesiad aRiara Tavisi Tavi. amas Tan daemTxva is garemoebac, 

rom berZnuli eklesia im dros ukompromiso brZolas eweoda yvela araberZnuli 

eklesiis winaaRmdeg da mwvaleblebad acxadebda yvela eklesias, 

romelic iotisodena saeklesio praqtikiTac ki gansxvavdeboda berZnuli 

eklesiisagan. 1054 wels srulebiT daSordnen erTmaneTs berZnuli marTlmadidebluri 

da romis `kaTolike~ eklesiebi. kidev ufro adre, 730-iani 

wlebidan somxuri eklesia monofizituri mrwamsis miRebis gamo srulebiT 

ganSorebuli iyo qarTul-berZnul-romauli eklesiebisagan. XI saukunis 

dasawyisSi bizantiis `marTlmadideblur~ imperiasTan mebrZoli qarTveli 

eri mwvalebelTa erad gamocxadda, daiwyo qarTvelebis masobrivi devna 

imperiaSi. romel mwvaleblobas abralebdnen berZnebi qarTvelebs _ sarwmunoebriv 

erTobas romis `kaTolike~ eklesiasTan, Tu sarwmunoebriv erTo-


istoria 

667 

bas somxur monofizitur eklesiasTan? berZnebma qarTvelebs wauyenes cru 

braldeba, rom qarTuli eklesia Tavisi Sinagani bunebiT, sarwmunoebiT 

somxur-monofizituris msgavsia. TvalSi sacemi saeklesio arqiteqturis 

msgavsebis garda aRmoCnda, rom Turme liturgikac ar yofila saqarTveloSi 

konstantinopoluri da, rac mTavaria, aRmoCnda, rom Zveli qarTuli saeklesio 

wignebi _ biblia, saxareba, saRvTismetyvelo wignebi Turme somxuri 

Sesabamisi wmida wignebis mixedviTaa redaqtirebuli, an somxuri enidanaa 

Targmnili. es sruliad sakmarisi sababi aRmoCnda qarTvelebis mwvaleblebad 

gamocxadebisa da qarTuli eklesiis devnisaTvis, radganac monofizitebi, 

anu `somxebi~ bizantiis imperiaSi mwvaleblebad iwodebodnen da 

maTTan yovelgvari saeklesio kavSiri gawyvetili hqondaT. 

marTla hqondaT qarTvelebs somxuri enidan Targmnili `wmida werili~, 

Tu es ciliswameba iyo berZnebis mxridan? giorgi mciris cnobiT, qarTvelebs 

marTlac hqoniaT `wmida werili~ (zogierTi nawili) somxuri Targmanebis 

Sesabamisad redaqtirebuli, rac Turme gamousworebiaT eqvTime da giorgi 

mTawmidelebs. am cnobas faqtebiT asabuTebs korneli danelia Tavis wignSi 

`qarTuli samwerlo enis istoriis sakiTxebi~. 

mkvlevarebs bibliis qarTuli Targmanis sxvadasxva wignis sxvadasxva 

tipis teqstebi udarebiaT berZnul, somxur da siriul wyaroebTan. bibliologiiT 

dainteresebul ucxoel qarTvelologebs bibliuri wignebis qarTul 

TargmanebSi Warbad gamouvleniaT somxuri elementebi. 56 qarTvelologi 

moliTori askvnis _ `somxurma versiam mniSvnelovani roli iTamaSa iakobis 

epistolis qarTuli teqstis CamoyalibebaSi... Zveli qarTuli Targmani 

Sesrulebulia somxuri dednis mixedviT... yovel mkvlevars Tavisi mtkicebisaTvis 

garkveuli masala hqonia da tendenciurobas vervis mivawerT~. 57 

zogierTi mkvlevari ase msjelobs: `qarTul TargmanSi armenizmebi uZvelesi 

teqstobrivi fenisaa, vidre grecizmebi. ratom? imitom, rom VII saukunis 

dasawyisis aqeT, roca saqarTvelosa da somxeTs Soris saeklesio ganxeTqileba 

moxda, qarTuli TargmanebisaTvis somxuri wyaros gamoyeneba ar 

aris savaraudo~. 58 

àrmenizmebi Zvel qarTul redaqciebSi xelSesaxebi da sagrZnobia. somxuri 

wyaros gavlena Cans rogorc frazis konstruqciasa da leqsikurderivaciul 

Tu gramatikul kalkebSi, aseve zogierTi sakuTari saxelis 

formaSi~, 59 _ `...teqstobrivi xasiaTis SeniSvnebi, anu glosebi qarTulsa da 

somxur Targmanebs erT da imave adgilebze moudiT~. 60 `Zvel qarTul redaqciebSi 

aris iseTi sakiTxebi, romlebic ramdenadme Sordeba berZnul 

teqsts da uaxlovdeba somxurs~. 61 

miuxedavad imisa, rom XI saukuneSi ramdenjerme gadaamuSaves bibliuri 

wignebi armenizmebis aRmosafxvrelad, XX saukunis mkvlevarTaTvis maTi 

arseboba SeumCneveli ar darCa.


jafariZe 

ram gamoiwvia armenizmebis gaCena Zvel qarTul redaqciebSi? korneli 

danelias daskvna, romelic emyareba rogorc mis mier Catarebul kvleva- 

Ziebas, aseve giorgi mcirisa da giorgi mTawmidelis cnobebs, aseTia _ qristianobis 

miRebis umalve qarTvelebs IV-V saukuneebSi bibliuri wignebi 

gadauTargmniaT berZnuli enidan, xolo Semdgom raRac mizezebis gamo `berZnulidan 

momdinare Targmani V-VI saukuneebSi Sejerebul iqna somxurTan~. 

bibliuri wignebis Targmnas Zvel dros udides saxelmwifoebriv mniSvnelobas 

aniWebdnen: `cxadia, aseTi udidesi saxelmwifoebrivi movlenis 

(qristianizaciis) sayrdenis _ bibliuri wignebis _ nacionalur enaze gadmoReba 

metad seriozul da sapasuxismgeblo saqmed iqneboda miCneuli...~ 62 

`...amrigad, IV-V saukuneebis saqarTvelos politikuri, kulturuli da 

religiuri kavSiri bizantiur samyarosTan, logikuri aucileblobiT gulisxmobs, 

rom qristianuli religiis qvakuTxedis _ axali aRTqmis _ qarTul 

enaze gadmoRebisas berZnuli originali unda yofiliyo gamoyenebuli~ 63 . 

mkvlevaris am daskvnas amagrebs literaturul wyaroTa Cveneba _ `X-XI 

saukuneebSi bibliuri wignebis Zvelma qarTulma redaqciebma safuZvliani 

gadamuSaveba ganicades berZnul wyarosTan maqsimaluri daaxloebis mizniT. 

am droisaTvis mwignobarTa SegnebaSi jer kidev cocxalia warmodgena 

bibliis Zveli qarTuli Targmanis Rirsebasa da warmomavlobaze~. 64 aseTi 

cnoba aqvs giorgi mcires _ `pirveliTganve guqondes werilnca da sarwmunoebaA 

WeSmariti da marTali~, magram es cnoba XX saukunis erT mkvlevars 

legendad miuCnevia. àra, giorgi mciris cnoba legenda ki ar aris, 

aramed istoriuli viTarebis anarekli da adre arsebuli tradiciuli 

azris werilobiTi fiqsacia~. 65 

`giorgi mcire TviTon ki ar Txzavs am faqts, aramed, arsebiTad, tradiciul 

azrs imeorebs. masze adre giorgi mTwmideli araerTgzis aRniSnavs 

bibliuri wignebis pirvandel TargmanTa maRal Rirsebas, rac, ra Tqma unda, 

pirvel yovlisa, berZnul wyarosTan siaxlove-Sesatyvisobas gulisxmobs 

(am droisaTvis Targmanis Rirsebis sazomad berZnul wyarosTan siaxlove 

iTvleba!). giorgi mTawmideli wers: `Cuenni yovelni saxarebani pirveliTgan 

wmidad Targmnilnia da keTilad~, an kidev: ègeviTari Targmani, gareSe 

maT pirvelTasa, arRara gamoCinebul ars enasa Cuensa...~. 66 

`Tu kritikulad SevafasebT giorgi mciris cnobas... pozitiur faqtad 

rCeba Semdegi: 1) qarTvelebs qristianobis miRebisTanave hqoniaT Zvel 

mTargmnelTa mier gadmoRebuli bibliuri wignebi (`pirveliTganve guqondes 

werilnica~); 2) Semdgom, radgan saberZneTi teritoriulad Sors iyo 

saqarTvelosagan, saqarTveloSi (Tu saqarTvelos mezoblad) mcxovreb somxebs 

qarTvelebisaTvis `mizeziTa wesierebisaATa~, e.i. Targmnis sisworis dacvis 

motiviT, SeuTavazebiaT bibliuri wignebis somxuri TargmaniT sargebloba; 

3) amis Sedegad, qarTul enaze somxuridan gadmouRiaT zogierTi bibliuri


istoria 

669 

wigni... bibliuri wignis somxuridan momdinare qarTuli Targmani qronologiurad 

meoreul, mogviano movlenad aris miCneuli~. 67 

ra mizezis gamo moxda IV-V saukuneebSi berZnulidan Sesrulebuli 

Tavdapirveli Targmanebis Semdgom saukuneebSi Sejereba somxur redaqciebTan, 

anu ram gamoiwvia qarTul TargmanebSi somxurenovani elementebis, 

armenizmebis gaCena? 

mkvlevarebi am movlenas ganixilaven ara globaluri masStabiT, imdroindeli 

saerTaSoriso viTarebis gaTvaliswinebiT, aramed miaCniaT saqarTvelosa 

da saqarTvelos SigniT momxdari eTnikuri cvlilebebis arekvlad literaturaSi, 

TiTqosda berZnulidan momdinare ZvelqarTuli Targmanebis somxur 

redaqciebTan Sejereba moxda `somxuri warmoSobis~ qarTuli wreebis 

moTxovnilebaTa dasakmayofileblad. `Zveli qarTuli Targmanis somxur 

wyarosTan Sejereba Tu somxuridan xelaxla Targmna V-VI saukuneebisaTvis 

ufro safiqrebelia samxreT-dasavleT saqarTvelos taos TemSi, 

sadac somxuri warmoSobis mosaxleobis xvedriTi wona didi iyo~. 68 

rogori didic ar unda yofiliyo `somxuri warmoSobis qarTuli wreebis~(!) 

raodenoba da wona qarTvel erSi, maTi moTxovnilebaTa dasakmayofileblad 

erisa da saxelmwifosaTvis gansakuTrebuli politikuri mniSvnelobis 

mqone bibliur wignebs xelaxla aravin Targmnida. meorec, Tuki 

aseT wreebs ar akmayofilebdaT Zveli qarTuli Targmanebi da swunobdnen 

maT, SeeZloT ufro `swori TargmanebiT~ dakmayofilebuliyvnen, romelic 

ukve arsebobda somxur enaze. magram qarTuli bibliuri da saRvTismetyvelo 

wignebi somxur redaqciebTan Sejerda da xelaxla iTargmna ara viwro 

eTnikuri wreebis dakmayofilebisaTvis, aramed sparseTis imperiis nebiT, 

meorec, qarTul eklesias somxuridan xelaxla Targmna-Sejereba dasWirda 

Tavisi sparsofilobisa da antiberZnulobis dasamtkiceblad _ Seqmnili 

politikuri viTarebis gamo. 

dapyrobil saqarTveloSi sparseTi berZnuli enis da yovelive berZnulis 

mimarT gaatarebda iseTive RonisZiebebs, rogoric ramdenime xnis win 

somxeTSi. Tu rogor iqceodnen sparselebi somxeTSi IV-V saukuneebSi, 

aRwerili aqvs movses xorenacs. 

sparselebi ise iqcevian, TiTqosda isini somexTa imdroindel sarwmunoebas 

_ qriatianobas ki ar devnian, aramed krZalaven maTi mteri saxelmwifos 

enasa da mwerlobas, e.i. berZnul enasa da berZnul wignebs. sparselebi 

wvaven berZnul wignebs, sadac ki waawydebian. 

sparseTs Tavis mier dapyrobil somxeTSi berZnuli mwignobroba aukrZalavs 

da neba daurTavs somxebisaTvis exmaraT mRvdelmsaxurebisaTvis asuruli, 

an sxva araberZnuli mwignobroba. 

`...berZnuli wignebis uqonlobis gamo sahak dids xeli miuyvia asurulidan 

TargmnisaTvis. saqme isaa, rom mehruJanma dawva berZnuli wignebi


jafariZe 

mTels Cvens qveyanaSi; amasTanave, somxeTis danawilebisas, sparsTa wil 

somxeTSi sparseli moxeleebi aravis rTavdnen berZnuli mwignobrobis 

SeTvisebis nebas, mxolod asurulis Seswavla SeiZleboda~. 69 amis Semdeg 

sahak didi da mesropi bizantiaSi agzavnidnen gamorCeul axalgazrdebs, 

raTa gawafuliyvnen berZnul mwignobrobaSi da Sedgomodnen somxur enaze 

Targmnasa da weras. male sahak didi daabezRes sparseTis imperatorTan 

`...berZenTadmi mimxrobis gamo~. 70 sahak dids apatimreben, Semdeg aTavisufleben 

da aficeben `daifice Seni rjulis mixedviT, rom erTgulad gvemsaxurebi 

Cven, ar gacdunebs berZenTa erTmorwmuneobis sicrue da fiqrad 

ar gaivleb amboxebas~. 71 bizantiidan dabrunebul ganswavlul axalgazrdebs 

dapyrobil somxeTSi devnian da aviwroeben berZnulad ganswavlulobis 

gamo. `saqme isaa, rom mas Semdeg, rac daeca somex mefeTa taxti (428 w.), 

somxeTSi sparsTa xelisuflebam TandaTan fexi mtkiced moikida. bizantiis 

imperiisadmi dapirispirebuli iranis Sahis kari im xanebSi somxeTSi mxars 

uWerda siriuli kulturis gavlenis gavrcelebas berZnulis sawinaaRmdegod. 

siriul kulturas somxeTSi isedac Rrmad hqonda fesvebi 

gamdgari da mTavrobis mfarvelobis pirobebSi mas kidev ufro gaeSala 

frTebi. amgvar viTarebaSi berZnul civilizacias naziarebi, misi Tayvanismcemeli 

moazrovneni aramcTu aravis undoda, maT devnidnen, aviwroebdnen 

kidec~, _ wers mkvlevari al. abdalaZe 72 movses xorenacis `somxeTis istoriis~ 

winasityvaobaSi. 

rogorc somex mefeTa taxtis dacemis (428 w.), iseve qarTvel mefeTa 

taxtis dacemis Semdgom (523 w.), sparseTis imperia dapyrobil qveynebSi 

atarebs erTi da igive antibizantiur-antiberZnul politikas. rogorc 

somxeTSi ganadgurda da daiwva berZnuli wignebi, ganidevna berZnulad 

ganswavluli moazrovneni, igive moxdeboda saqarTveloSic. qarTuli bibliuri 

da wmida wignebi Targmnili iyo berZnuli enidan. VI saukunis 

dasawyisSi sparseTis imperia da somxeTis eklesia moiTxovdnen yovelive 

berZnulobis kvalis aRmofxvras qarTul TargmanebSi. amisaTvis qarTul 

Targmanebs Seudarebdnen somxur Targmanebs da `Seawamebdnen~ masTan, Seasworebdnen 

somxuri redaqciebis mixedviT, anda xelaxla Targmnidnen somxuridan. 

im dros somxuri eklesia sparsTa dasayrdeni eklesia iyo mTel 

aRmosavleTSi. e.i. moxdeboda imis sapirispiro ram, rac moxda XI saukune- 

Si. XI saukunis dasawyisSi berZnebma qarTvelebs daswames `mwvalebloba~ 

imis gamo, rom maTi wmida werili somxuris mixedviT iyo redaqtirebuli 

anda somxuridan Targmnili, xolo VI saukunis I naxevarSi qarTvelebs 

daswames `mwvalebloba~ imis gamo, rom maTi wmida werili berZnulidan iyo 

Targmnili da ara somxuri da siriuli enebidan. 

amitomac, Tu gaviTvaliswinebT VI saukunis politikur viTarebas, unda 

davaskvnaT, rom bibiliuri wignebis ZvelqarTuli Targmanebis somxurad


istoria 

671 

redaqtireba moxda ara romelime eTnikuri jgufis moTxovnilebaTa dasakmayofileblad 

saqarTvelos romelime kuTxeSi, aramed saerTod sparseTisagan 

dapyrobil saqarTveloSi. 574 wlis ajanyebis Semdgom aRmosavleT 

saqarTveloSi qalkedonitebma ganimtkices TavianTi mdgomareoba, xolo `me- 

6 saukunis damlevisaTvis ki monofizitebi aq sabolood damarcxdnen~ (saq. 

ist., gv. 71); gamodis, rom monofizitebi saqarTveloSi batonobdnen 506 

wels somxeTis dedaqalaq dvinSi mowveuli somxeTis, qarTlisa da albane- 

Tis eklesiebis saerTo (506 wlis) krebis Semdgom _ 574 wlamde. 

TiTqosda 70 wlis ganmavlobaSi Zneli iqneboda mTeli bibliisa da 

wmida werilis ZvelqarTuli Targmanebis somxuris mixedviT redaqtireba, 

magram XI saukunis ufro mcire periodSi mTeli, ukve arsebuli qarTuli 

Targmanebi gadamuSavda berZnuli redaqciebis mixedviT ara erTxel, aramed 

samjer. XI saukuneSi qarTul wmida werils uaxlovebdnen berZnuls, raTa 

berZnebs, anu bizantiis imperias qarTvelTaTvis `mwvalebloba~ da `biwi~ 

ar daewamebinaT, aseve VI saukuneSic ramdenjerme gaukeTebdnen redaqcias 

qarTul Targmanebs somxur TargmanebTan daaxloebis mizniT, raTa sparse- 

Tis dampyrobel imperias da mis wiaRSi arsebul oficialur qristianul 

eklesias `mwvalebloba~ da `biwi~ ar daewamebina qarTuli eklesiisaTvis. 

safiqrebelia, rom ZvelqarTuli Targmanebis somxuris mixedviT redaqtireba 

da somxuridan intensiurad Targmna mimdinareobda ara marto VI saukune- 

Si, aramed VII saukuneSic da VIII saukunis dasawyisSic. saqme isaa, rom, 

marTalia, 607-609 wlebSi qarTuli da somxuri eklesiebi daSordnen erTmaneTs, 

magram herakles mier sparseTis saxelmwifos TiTqmis ganadgurebis 

Semdgom, urTierTdamokidebuleba am or eklesias Soris Seicvala. gamarjvebulma 

imperatorma heraklem somxeTSi moiwvia somxuri eklesiis kreba, 

romelmac dagmo monofizitoba da aRiara qalkedonuri mrwamsi. mTeli VII 

saukunis ganmavlobaSi vidre 723 wlamde, manaskertis krebis mowvevamde, 

somxuri eklesia, ZiriTadad, qalkedonuri aRmsareblobisa iyo. qalkedonituri 

aRmsareblobisa iyo aseve qarTuli eklesia. or moZme qalkedonitur 

eklesias Soris aucileblad iqneboda èrToba~ da, aqedan gamomdinare, VII 

saukuneSic tradiciulad grZeldeboda VI saukuneSi dawyebuli ZvelqarTuli 

Targmanebis somxuris mixedviT redaqtireba da intensiuri Targmna somxuri 

enidan, miT umetes, rom orive es qveyana arabTa mier iyo dapyrobili da 

arabebisaTvis yovelive bizantiuri iseve `dasawuni~ iqneboda, rogorc adre 

sparselebisaTvis. qarTvelebi iZulebulni iqnebodnen, esargeblaT qarTul- 

Tan SedarebiT gacilebiT Rrma da mdidari somxuri saRvTismetyvelo, istoriuli 

da filosofiuri literaturiT. ase gagrZeldeboda vidre 723 

wlamde, roca somxuri da qarTuli eklesiebi sabolood daSordnen erTmaneTs, 

radganac somxurma eklesiam aSkarad da gadaWriT aRiara monofizituri 

mrwamsi. grZeldeboda Tu ara somxuridan Targmna IX-X saukuneebSi?


jafariZe 

grZeldeboda, radganac ukve arsebobda Targmnis TiTqmis 250-wliani tradicia. 

garda amisa, marTalia, somxurma eklesiam miiRo monofizituri mrwamsi, 

magram somxeTsa da danarCen qristianul msoflios Soris kedeli ar 

aRmarTula. bizantiis patriarqebi sakmaod Tavazian werilebs weren èrTmorwmune~ 

e.i. qristian somxeTis patriarqebs, magaliTad _ patriarqi foti. 

somxuri enidan qarTul enaze Targmna gagrZeldeboda im dromde, roca 

bizantiis eklesiam `mwvalebloba~ daswama qarTul eklesias somxur eklesiasTan 

urTierTobis gamo. e.i. somxuridan qarTulad Targmna Sewydeboda 

X saukunis II naxevarSi. es imas ar niSnavs, rom yoveli Targmani momdinareobda 

somxuri enidan, piriqiT, qarTvelebs ukve VI saukunis II naxevridan 

dauwyiaT brZola somxuri saeklesio morCilebisagan Tavis daRwevis mizniT 

da warmatebisTvisac miuRweviaT imave saukuneSi. 

àrmenizebuli~ qarTuli redaqciebis TiTo nusxiT moRweva Cvens dromde 

gasakviri ar aris. XI saukunis Semdgom, roca eklesiam kanonikurad miiRo 

eqvTime da giorgi mTawmidelebis skolidan gamosuli `Targmanebi~, Zveli 

redaqciebi aRar gamoiyeneboda eklesiebSi, aRar gadawerdnen, aRar uvlidnen 

_ ufro metic, uaryofdnen rogorc TiTqmis `mwvaleblurs~, amitomac 

bunebrivia, aRarc unda moeRwia Cvens dromde. 

taos Temi, marTlac, IV-VI saukuneebSi somxuri provincia gaxda, magram 

es ar gvaZlevs safuZvels vTqvaT, rom adgilobrivma qarTulma mosaxleobam 

mTlianad daiviwya Tavisi erovneba da gasomxda. piriqiT, Semdgomi VII- 

IX saukuneTa tao-klarjeTis mosaxleobis gasaocari ltolva qarTvelobisaken, 

maT mier `qarTvelTa samefos~ Seqmna, maT mier fanatikuri siyvaruli 

`qarTvelobisadmi~, amtkicebs imas, rom IV-VI saukuneebSi taos mosaxleobis 

didi wili araTu gasomxebula, aramed piriqiT, yovelive somxuri 

maTTvis arasasurveli gamxdara da masSi gaRviZebula miZinebuli qarTuli 

erovnuli grZnobebi. 

TargmanTa Sesaxeb unda iTqvas, rom mosaxleobisaTvis, mrevlisaTvis mniSvneloba 

ara aqvs, saidan iqneba naTargmni saeklesio wignebi, mTavari isaa, 

rom maT mSobliur enaze esmaT saxareba Tu samociqulo da teqsti gasagebi 

iyos maTTvis. TviT mkvlevarebs, specialistebsac uWirT gaarkvion da daadginon, 

romeli enidanaa naTargmni teqstebi qarTul enaze, miT umetes, ubralo 

mrevlisaTvis. amitomac, taos qarTulenovani mrevlis `somxuri warmoSobis 

qarTuli wreebis moTxovnilebaTa dasakmayofileblad~ wmida werilis maincdamainc 

somxuridan Targmna raRac gaugebari Cans. 

Tu mosaxleobam Tavisi erovneba, somxoba uaryo, miiRo sul sxva _ qarTuli 

ena `qalkedonituri~ aRmsareblobis gamo _ rogorc fiqrobs zogierTi 

specialisti _ ratom unda moeTxova qalkedonit mrevls monofizitur 

somxur eklesiaSi kanonikurad miCneuli saeklesio wignebis Targmna? gamodis, 

rom qalkedonitebs kanonikurad miaCndaT monofizitur eklesiaSi miRebu-


istoria 

673 

li wmida werili, rac SeuZlebelia. amitomac, ZvelqarTuli Targmanebis 

somxur wyarosTan Sejereba Tu somxuridan xelaxla Targmna moxda ara 

taos TemSi `gaqarTvelebuli~ somxebis dasakmayofileblad, aramed mTlianad 

qarTul eklesiaSi Seqmnili politikuri garemoebis gamo. 

qalkedonituri partia yovelTvis arsebobda somxur eklesiaSi. VII saukuneSi 

da VIII saukunis dasawyisSi TviT somexi kaTalikosebi iyvnen qalkedonitebi. 

somex-qarTvelTa cnobili saeklesio kamaTis dros da Semdgom 607- 

609 wlebSi arsebobda damoukidebeli somxuri qalkedonituri eklesia, 

romelsac Tavisi kaTalikosi marTavda _ `berZenTa mxares dasves moses 

saydris mowinaaRmdege vinme ioan-orbunebiani... romelic abraamis xeldasxmis 

Semdegac mowinaaRmdege darCa~. 73 IX saukuneSic somxuri eklesiis SigniT 

mwvave brZola mimdinareobda monofizitebsa da qalkedonitebs Soris. 

ase rom, Tu romelime somexi ar aRiarebda monofizitur eklesias, mas 

SeeZlo erovnuli qalkedonituri eklesiis wevrad gamoecxadebina Tavisi 

Tavi. erovnuli somxuri qalkedonituri eklesiis centri mdebareobda 

bizantiis imperiaSi, istoriul somxeTSi, taosTan axlos, xolo qarTuli 

qalkedonituri eklesiis centri taosagan Zlier daSorebiT mcxeTaSi mdebareobda. 

aseT viTarebaSi araTu taos somxebi gaxdebodnen qarTuli qalkedonituri 

eklesiis wevrebi, piriqiT, taos qarTvelebi iqceodnen somxurqalkedonituri 

eklesiis wevrebad. 

saerTod, araviTari saWiroeba ar arsebobda imisa, rom qalkedoniti somxebi 

qarTuli eklesiis wevrebi gamxdariyvnen, maT TavianTi erovnuli qalkedonituri 

eklesia hqondaT, sakmaod Zlieri da bizantiisagan dafinansebuli. 

taos provincias aRmosavleTidan somxeTi esazRvreboda, dasavleTidan _ 

bizantiis imperia, romelTa dapyrobis obieqtic TiTqmis mudmivad iyo is. 

aseT dros somxebis gaqarTveleba taoSi SeuZlebeli iyo. Tu qalkedonitobas 

aRiarebdnen, iqve iyo berZnul-qalkedonituri eklesia, somxur qalkedoniturs 

rom Tavi davaneboT. miT umetes, rom tao TviT Sedioda bizantiis 

imperiaSi VII-IX saukuneebSi da saxelmwifo ena _ berZnuli ena iq, albaT, 

yvelam icoda. 

amitomac unda vifiqroT, rom imis Semdeg, rac tao-klarjeTi moeqca bizantiis 

imperiaSi da amiT gaTavisuflda arabTa politikuri da somexTa eklesiuri 

batonobisagan _ tao-klarjeTis qarTvelebSi xdeba erovnuli grZnobebis 

afeTqeba _ Zvelad somex-spars-arabTagan daTrgunvili qarTvelobis aRorZineba, 

erovnuli grZnobebis gamoaSkaraveba, rasac Sedegad mohyva iq qarTuli enis, 

kulturis ayvaveba da qarTuli erovnuli saxelmwifos Seqmna, maSin, roca 

arabTagan dapyrobili qarTli da kaxeTi am mxriv ukan rCebian. 

radganac qarTuli biblia da saeklesio wignebi naredaqtirevi, an naTargmni 

aRmoCnda somxuri Sesabamisi wignebis mixedviT, cxadia, qarTul 

eklesias VIII saukunis Semdeg aRar daakmayofilebda aseTi Targmanebi,


jafariZe 

radganac 726 wlis manaskertis krebis Semdeg somxuri eklesia aSkarad 

monofizituri iyo. qarTul eklesias ki ukve monofiziturad miCneuli 

somxuri wmida werilis mixedviT naTargmni wignebi aRar daakmayofilebda. 

am mdgomareobas unda gamoewvia ucxoeTSi, bizantiis imperiaSi mdebare 

qarTuli monastrebis, gansakuTrebiT ki, sabawmidis monastris literaturuli 

muSaobis gacxoveleba. sabawmidis monastris erT-erTi umTavresi 

funqcia iqneboda qarTuli Targmanebis redaqtireba axla ukve berZnuli 

redaqciebis mixedviT. am dros, rodesac Zveli V-VI-VII saukuneTa qarTuli 

Targmanebi (e.i. bunebrivia, xanmeti teqstebi) udardeboda imdroindel berZnul 

redaqciebs, axali qarTuli redaqciis miRebis dros redaqtorebs Zveli 

teqstebidan axal teqstebSi zedmeti `xan~-ebi aRar gadahqondaT. Cans, ase 

iqna miRebuli `sabawmiduri~ redaqciebi bibliuri teqstebisa. sabawmidaSi 

moRvaweoben grigol xanZTelis mowafeebi. sabawmidaSi dawerili `sinuri 

mravalTavis~ `...Seqmna ganuzraxavs da sisruleSi mouyvania makari leTe- 

Tels~. `rom makari leTeTeli grigol xanZTelis mowafe unda iyos, es 

azri pirvelad n. marsa aqvs gamoTqmuli~. 74 grigol xanZTels ki orientacia 

aRebuli hqonda berZnul eklesiaze. is TviTon Cavida da gaecno 

konstantinopolSi saeklesio cxovrebas, xolo ierusalimSi mowafeebi hyavda 

da iqidan saeklesio berZnul tipikons iRebda. sabawmidis, ise rogorc 

sxva ucxour Tu qarTul monastrebSi, albaT, gacxovelebiT adarebdnen 

qarTul teqstebs berZnuls da axdendnen qarTuli teqstis gamarTvas 

berZnulis mixedviT. miuxedavad amisa, somxuridan naTargmnobis da redaqtirebis 

kvalis aRmofxvra ver SeZles, Tumca es arc iqneboda saboloo 

mizani. mizani iqneboda is, rom qarTuli Targmani damTxveoda berZnul 

redaqcias (Cans, Tu qarTuli da berZnuli teqstebi Sinaarsobriv-azrobrivad 

identuri iqneboda, Zvel qarTul teqsts zedmeti `xan~-ebis gamoklebiT 

gadaitandnen axal redaqciaSi). redaqtorebis mizani iqneboda ara Zveli 

Targmanebis lingvistur-filologiuri kvleva-Zieba, aramed TargmanTa teqstis 

gamarTva berZnul redaqciasTan Sedarebis gziT. Semdgom ki, XI 

saukuneSi, qarTuli Targmanebi didi sizustiT dauaxloves berZnuls, miuxedavad 

amisa, rogorc qarTvelTa Soris, ise berZenTa Sorisac yofilan 

saeklesio pirebi `mabralobelni~ da `mayvedrebelni~, romlebic swunobdnen 

qarTul Targmanebs im mxriv, rom TiTqosda ar iyvnen identurni 

berZnulisa. `...mecnierni berZnulisani mabralobel gueqmnebodes gamouZieblad 

dawerisaTYs sityuaTasa~. 75 igulisxmeba berZnulis mcodne qarTvelebi, 

magram yofilan agreTve qarTulis mcodne berZnebi _ `mayvedrebelni~. 

`...amas `guayuedrebdes berZennio~. saqme isaa, rom sxvadasxva sityva grigol 

RvTismetyvelisa, romelic eqvTimes Tavis dros, unda vifiqroT, cal-calke 

uTargmnia, viRacas mere SeuerTebia, meqanikurad gadaubams. es berZnebsac ki 

SeuniSnavT da qarTvelebi gaukicxavT aseTi aRrevisaTvis.


istoria 

675 

`mabraloblebisa~ da `mayvedreblebis~ gamravleba XI saukunis dasawyis- 

Si gamoiwvia bizantia-saqarTvelos Soris omma, roca qarTul eklesias 

bralad dasdes aramarTlmadidebloba _ mwvalebloba, ris safuZvelsac 

berZnebs aZlevda is, rom qarTuli eklesia, miuxedavad imisa, rom qalkedonitobis 

mtkice damcveli iyo, mainc gansxvavdeboda bizantiur-berZnuli 

eklesiisagan Tavisi nacionalur-qristianuli kulturiT. imis Semdeg, rac 

qarTuli eklesia Camoscilda somxur eklesias, `...romelTanac mas akav- 

Sirebda erTi da igive saeklesio wesebi, zne-Cveuleba da tradiciebi~, 76 

qarTvel ers miuCnevia, rom denacionalizaciis saSineli katastrofisagan 

Tavis daRwevis gza aris _ `...sakuTari eklesiis frTaTa qveSe nacionalurqristianuli 

kulturis gaRviveba~, 77 rasac Sedegad mohyolia VIII-X saukuneebSi 

originaluri saeklesio wesebis mZlavri zrda-ganviTareba: SemuSavebula 

nacionaluri agiografia, `dawesebul iqna wmida qarTuli dResaswaulebi 

erovnuli wmidanebisa~. 78 qarTvelebs saberZneTis praqtikidan momdinare 

msoflio eklesiis dResaswaulebisaTvis `Tavisi erovnuli suli CauberiaT, 

ris gamoc Semdegi drois, XI saukunidan, mwerlebs, romelTac maTi warmoSoba 

ukve naTlad aRar gaegebodaT, qarTul dResaswaulebad mounaTlavT. 

aseTia, magaliTad jvris dResaswauli aRdgomis meore dRes, ... dResaswauli 

wmida giorgisa 10 noembers..., satfureba ierusalimis taZrisa 13 seqtembers~ 

79 da sxva. am dResaswaulebs am ricxvebSi berZnebi ar dResaswaulobdnen, 

rac iwvevda gaocebas. arsebobda sakuTari qarTuli `wesi da 

gangeba saxarebis sakiTxavebisa~ berZnulisagan gansxvavebuli, arsebobda 

qarTuli sistema welTaRricxvisa, aseve gansxvavebuli berZnulisagan, magram 

yvelaze meti Tavisebureba da `qarTveloba~ Cvens winaprebs am xanaSi 

liturgikul mwerlobaSi gamouCeniaT... SeuTxzavT zatiki. am araCveulebrivs, 

istoriaSi erTaderT magaliTs, gansakuTrebiT Tavi uCenia X saukuneSi...~ 80 

swored qarTuli eklesiis nacionalur-qristianulma xasiaTma misca sababi 

berZnebs mwvaleblebad moenaTlaT qarTvelebi, radgan qarTuli eklesiis 

liturgikac ki gansxvavebuli yofila berZnulisagan. `qarTvelebi dadgomian 

RvTismsaxurebis sruli gaerovnebis gzas, ara marto enis mxriT, aramed SinaarsiTac, 

magram Semdgomma periodma es mimarTuleba Seayena~. 81 qarTuli 

RvTismsaxurebis srul gaerovnebas win aRudga bizantiis eklesia imiT, rom 

erovnuli niSan-Tvisebebi mwvaleblobad CauTvales qarTul eklesias da monofizit 

somxur eklesiasTan Zveli kavSiris damadasturebel niSnad miiCnies. 

qarTuli eklesiis marTlmadideblobis damtkicebas Tavisi Sroma Sealies XI 

saukunis moRvaweebma praqtikuli saqmianobiT _ saeklesio wignebis berZnul- 

Tan Sedareba-Sewameba-daaxloebiT. es praqtika qarTul eklesiaSi miRebuli 

yofila XI saukunemde _ VIII-X saukuneebSi `...berZnulis mixedviT asworeben 

Zvel Targmanebs, romelnic somxuri enidan momdinareobdnen. aseTi Sedareba- 

Sesworebis gziT warmoiSva àxali Targmani~. am dros unda ekuTvnodes prof. 

ak. SaniZis mier aRwerili wvirimis (svaneTSia) X saukunis iadgari~. 82


jafariZe 

imisaTvis, raTa moespoT berZnebisaTvis sababi qarTvelTa mwvaleblebad 

gamocxadebisa, eqvTime, giorgi mTawmidelebi da maTi skola asrulebs Semdegi 

saxis samuSaos `...bibliis manamde arsebul qarTul Targmanebs maqsimalurad 

uaxloeben berZnul wyaros, rom `biwi rame~ ar daswamon maT. sul 

raRac naxevari saukunis ganmavlobaSi bibliuri wignebis Zvelma qarTulma 

Targmanma samjer ganicada safuZvliani gadamuSaveba da qarTuli teqstis 

berZnulTan daaxloeba aRmavali xaziT warimarTa (giorgi mTawmideli, efrem 

mcire, petriwi, iyalToeli)... aseT muSaobas Tavidan mxolod wminda literaturuli 

interesebi ki ar gansazRvravda, aramed ufro mwvave politikur-kulturuli 

garemoc... es iyo iZulebiTi RonisZieba qarTuli kulturis 

kerebis TviTmyofobis SesanarCuneblad didmpyrobeluri berZnebis 

mimZlavrebis Jams... V-XI saukuneebSi qarTul enaSi ar momxdara iseTi 

didi masStabis cvilebebi, rom amis gamo XI saukuneSi aucilebeli yofiliyo 

Zvel qarTul TargmanTa redaqciuli gadamuSaveba da enobrivi modernizacia... 

mizani iyo ara Zveli teqstebis enobrivi modernizacia, aramed 

maqsimaluri daaxloeba berZnul wyarosTan~. 83 

aRmoCnda, rom giorgi mTawmideli aris bibliuri wignebis ara mTargmneli, 

am sityvis dRevandeli mniSvnelobiT, aramed redaqtori, romelic Zvel 

qarTul Targmanebs, berZenTagan dawunebuls, _ asworebs imdroindeli berZnuli 

redaqciebis mixedviT. `giorgi rom bibliur wignebs xelaxla ar Targmnis, 

es faqtia, romelsac mxolod danaxva unda da ara mtkiceba... giorgis 

redaqciuli kalami arsebiTad Seexo Zveli redaqciebis ara gramatikul, 

aramed Sinaarsobriv-stilistur mxares~. 84 `giorgis redaqtoruli muSaobis 

mizania, rom Zveli qarTuli redaqciis teqsti ufro dauaxlovos berZnul 

wyaros~. 85 `...efrem mcire ki giorgis naredaqciev qarTul Targmans kidev 

ufro aaxloebs berZnul wyarosTan ara marto Sinaarsis, aramed struqturis, 

stilis TvalsazrisiTac~, 86 `...raTa qarTuli Targmani maqsimalurad 

Seesatyvisebodes berZnul wyaros azrobrivadac da enobrivadac~, 87 `magram 

es xdeba ... qarTuli enis bunebis sawinaaRmdegod~. 88 

aseT ukiduresobamde qarTveli mTargmnel-redaqtorebis miyvana gamoiwvies 

`mabraloblebma~ da `mayvedreblebma~ TavianTi ciliswamebiT, TiTqosda 

qarTul Targmanebs raRaca monofizituri `biwi~ gaaCnda. qarTvelma 

mTargmnel-redaqtorebma mospes sababi qarTuli eklesiis mwvalebelTa eklesiad 

gamocxadebisa da amiT udidesi saqme Seasrules qarTuli eklesis 

avtokefalia-TavisTavadobis saqmeSi. 

`qarTlis cxovrebis~ armenofiluri redaqcia 

CvenSi, Zvels dros, somxuridan uTargmniaT an somxuris mixedviT uredaqtirebiaT 

ara marto wmida werilis erTi nawili, aramed zogierTi saero 

wignic. giorgi mcire werda: marTalia, Cven ZvelTaganve gvqonda wmida


istoria 

677 

werilis SesaniSnavi qarTuli Targmani, magram garkveuli mizezebis gamo 

somxebma SeZles Cvens winaprebs somxuris mixedviT xelaxla èTargmnaT~, 

eredaqtirebinaT igio. aseve iTqmis zogierT ZvelqarTul saero wignze. 

cnobilia, rom `qarTlis cxovrebis~ Sesavali (àmbavi rvaTa ZmaTa~) da 

saerTod, `mefeTa cxovreba~ armenofiluri tendenciebis matarebelia da 

Zveli somxuri tradiciis gavleniT aris dawerili. 89 es miuTiTebs imaze, 

rom Zveli qarTuli saistorio Txzulebani garkveul dros, garkveuli 

mizezis Sedegad redaqtirebul iqna armenofilebis mier. unda vigulisxmoT, 

rom igi armenofiluri TvalsazrisiT redaqtirebul iqna swored im dros, 

roca somxuris mixedviT aredaqtirebdnen qarTul wmida werils. somxuris 

mixedviT redaqtireba, es iyo saqarTvelosTvis globaluri procesi, romelic 

moicavda ara marto saeklesio wignebs, aramed, Cans, saerosac. 

giorgi mcire wers _ `daRacaTu pirvelTaganve gvqondes werilnica da 

sarwmunoeba WeSmariti da marTali, garna qveyana Cveni Sors iyo qveynisagan 

saberZneTisa. da viTarca Teslni arawmidani Soris Cvensa daTesul 

iyvnen borotni igi Teslni somexTani, gularZnilni da manqanani, da amis 

mier friad gvevneboda, rameTu naTesavi Cveni wrfeli iyo da umanko, xolo 

igini reca mizeziTa wesierebisaTa, reca cdunebad gvazmnobdes, da romelnime 

wignica gvqondes maTgan Targmnilni~. 90 

cnobilia, rom imis Semdeg, rac VIII saukunis 20-ian wlebSi somxurma 

eklesiam sabolood miiRo monofizituri mrwamsi, qarTuli eklesia sruliad 

gaemijna am eklesias. somxurma eklesiamac Tavis mxriv kavSiri gawyvita 

bizantiasTan da saerTod, qalkedonitur samyarosTan. wignebi, romelTa Sesaxebac 

wers giorgi mcire, SeiZleboda ZiriTadad Targmnil-redaqtirebuliyo VIII 

saukunemde. giorgi mcire wers, rom am dromde `pirvelTaganve~ arsebuli 

qarTulad Targmnili wignebi, `WeSmariti da marTali~ iyoo. CvenSi qristianoba, 

rogorc saerTo-saxalxo sarwmunoeba, damkvidrda IV saukunidan. 

amitomac unda vigulisxmoT, rom am droidan ukve daiwyeboda kidec qarTul 

enaze wmida werilis Targmna. amitomac `pirvelTaganni~ wignebi qarTul 

enaze IV-V saukuneebSi berZnulidan unda Targmniliyo da Seqmniliyo wmida 

werilis qarTuli redaqcia. swored amis Semdeg iwyeba is procesi, romelsac 

aRSfoTebiT aRwers giorgi mcire. iwyeba `pirvelTagani~ wignebis redaqtireba 

somxuri redaqciebis mixedviT. Tu am movlenis qveda zRvrad 

miviCnevT V saukunes, xolo zedad VIII-s, maSin somxuris mixedviT qarTuli 

wignebis `Targmna~-redaqtireba mimdinareobda VI-VII saukuneebSi. 

marTlac, VI saukune tragikuli iyo qarTveli xalxisaTvis. am dros 

daiSala da gauqmda farnavazis mier daarsebuli TiTqmis aTaswlovani 

qarTuli saxelmwifo, sparselebma qveyana dai pyres. qarTuli eklesiac, 

rogorc elinofiluri eklesia, devnili iyo sparsTa mier. samagierod ki, 

rogorc cnobilia, somxur eklesias Zalian mowyale TvaliT uyurebdnen


jafariZe 

sparseTis Sahebi da Semdeg arabebi. maT is miaCndaT berZnuli eklesiis 

sawinaaRmdego realur Zalad. amitomac, somxur eklesias abatonebdnen 

sparseTis imperiaSi moqceul amierkavkasiel qristianebze. qarTuli da 

albanuri eklesiebi VI saukunis dasawyisSi somxuri eklesiis gavlenis 

sferoSi moeqcnen. am dros iwyeba swored qarTuli wmida werilis xelaxali 

redaqtireba somxuris mixedviT _ `mizezisaTa wesierebisaTa~. am procesis 

mizani iqneboda elinofiluri Txzulebebi qceuliyo somxofilur 

Txzulebebad. saboloo mizani ki iyo _ qarTvelebs bizantiis magier orientacia 

aeRoT sparseTze. aseTive mdgomareoba gagrZeldeboda VII saukuneSic. 

marTalia, VI saukunis bolos saqarTvelo kvlav gaerTianda da 

saxelmwifoebrioba aRsdga, magram erekle keisarma Seaferxa misi gaZliereba. 

sparsTa damarcxebis Semdeg, ereklem ùnia~ Sekra somxur eklesiasTan da 

is kvlav gaabatona. erekle da saerTod bizantia, didi mowiwebiTa da 

ridiT epyrobodnen somxur eklesias VII saukuneSi. amitomac VII saukune- 

Sic qarTuli wignebis somxuris mixedviT redaqtirebas veraferi daabrkolebda 

(Cven amis Sesaxeb vwerdiT sxvadasxva TavebSi). 

swored am dros VI-IX saukuneebSi sparsTa da arabTa batonobis dros 

unda `Targmniliyo~, anu rac igivea redaqtirebuliyo (Zvel qarTulad 

`Targmna~ redaqtirebasac aRniSnavda), ukve arsebuli qarTuli saistorio 

Txzulebani, kerZod ki, `qarTlis cxovrebis~ Sesavali, àmbavi qarTvelTa 

mefeTani~. marTlac, `mefeTa ambavi~ da `qarTlis cxovrebis~ Sesavali ise- 

Ti armenofiluri tendenciebiT aris gaJRenTili, rom SeuZlebelia aRniSnuli 

saukuneebis garda CvenSi odesme Seqmniliyo pirobebi msgavsi qmedebisaTvis, 

garda XVII-XVIII saukuneebisa. 

isini, romelnic aredaqtirebdnen Zvel wignebs, marTlac rom `gularZnilni 

da manqanani~ yofilan. es kargad Cans `qarTlis cxovrebis~ Sesavlidan. 

aq sxvadasxva xerxebiT (`manqanebiT~) damcrobilia yovelive qarTuli. 

sazogadod miCneulia, rom am nawilis avtori aris leonti mroveli, 

rac ase ar unda iyos. qarTuli erovnuli Tavmoyvareobis Semlaxveli 

Txzuleba qarTuli saxelmwifos damxobisa da saqarTvelos kulturul 

cxovrebaSi ucxoelTa batonobis dros unda Seqmniliyo, xolo Semdeg dros 

is, rogorc WeSmariteba (`Zveli ambavi~), gaimeores sxva avtorebma. 

„qarTlis cxovrebis“ am redaqciebis mixedviT qarTvelebi arian yvela 

erze uborotesni, uwminduri znisani saZageli cxovrebiT mcxovrebni, mkvdris 

gvamis mWamelni, amitomac usaflavoni, naTesavTa armcnobni. marTalia, TiTqosda 

qarTvelebi aseTni iyvnen aleqsandre makedonelis saqarTveloSi Semosvlamde, 

magram amis Semdegac mainc Wamdnen im kacis gvams, romelsac kerpebs 

msxverplad swiravdnen. 

am Txzulebis Tanaxmad, zemoT aRniSnulis garda, qarTvelebi samxedro 

ZaliTac ise Zlierebi ar arian, rogorc mezobeli somexi xalxi. am xalxis 

gavlenis qveS arian da aRiareben kidec im xalxs uzenaesad.


istoria 

679 

gansakuTrebiT sainteresoa, rom „qarTlis cxovrebis“ SesavalSi qarTuli 

enac damcrobilia. es ena TiTqosda axali enaa, ara babilonis godolis 

dangrevis dros RvTis mier Seqmnili, rodesac bibliis Tanaxmad Seiqmna 

sazogadod yvela ena, aramed TiTqosda qarTuli ena Seqmnilia eqvsi sxvadasxva 

xalxis enebis stiqiuri aRrevis Sedegad, maT Soris somexi xalxis 

enis meoxebiTac. 

da es yovelive saukuneTa manZilze meordeboda qarTvelTa mTavar saistorio 

wignSi. es gasaocari movlena, marTlac, imiT SeiZleba aixsnas, rom 

`naTesavi Cveni wrfeli iyo da umanko~ _ rogorc giorgi mcire werda. 

aRniSnuli koncefcia srulebiT gansxvavdeboda sxvebisagan, magaliTad, TviT 

macxovari qarTvel ers `sazepuro~, RvTisagan rCeuls uwodebda `wmida 

andrias cxovrebis~ Tanaxmad. amitomac aseTi urTierTgamomricxveli koncefciebi 

sxvadasxva wyaroebidan momdinareobs da ar aixsneba imiT, TiTqosda 

aRniSnuli damamcirebeli siyalbe Seiqmna qristianobis rolis gazrdis 

mizniT. qarTvelebi, `qarTlis cxovrebis~ Tanaxmad, qarTlosis STamomavlebi 

arian, romelTa Sesaxebac Tavis TxzulebaSi wers leonti mroveli: _ 

àqamomdis qarTlosianTa ena somxuri iyo, romelTa zraxvides xolo odes 

Semokrbes ese uricxvni naTesavni qarTlsa Sina, maSin qarTvelTaca dauteves 

ena somxuri. da amaT yovelTa naTesavTagan Seiqmna ena qarTuli~. 

`...da ipyres sjuli uborotesi yovelTa naTesavTaca, rameTu col-qmrobisaTvis 

ara uCndaT naTesaoba da yovelsa suliersa Wamdes, saflavi ara iyo, 

mkudarsa SesWamdes~. 91 da Semdeg `...iyvnen qarTls esreT aRreul ese yovelni 

naTesavni da izraxeboda qarTlsa Sina eqvsi ena: somxuri, qarTuli, xazaruli, 

asuruli, ebrauli da berZnuli. ese enani icodes yovelTa mefeTa 

qarTlisaTa, mamaTa da dedaTa~. 92 

sainteresoa, rom sul ramdenime striqonis Semdeg kvlav meordeba zemoT 

moyvanili Tvalsazrisi aleqsandre makedonelTan dakavSirebiT: àman 

aleqsandre daipyrna yovelni kideni qveynisani... movida qarTlad da povna 

yovelni qarTvelni uborotes yovelTa naTesavTa sjuliTa, rameTu colqmrobisa 

da siZvisaTvis ara unda naTesaoba, yovelsa suliersa Wamdes, 

mkvdarsa SesWamdes, viTarca mxecni da pirutyvni, romelTa qcevisa warmoTqma 

uxm ars~. 93 

aleqsandre makedonelis wasvlis Semdeg qarTvelebs odnav SeucvliaT 

Tavisi Cveva _ `da radgan warvida aleqsandre, arRara Wamdes kacsa Tvinier 

romel Seswirian kerpsa msxverplad~. 94 

SeiZleboda zemoT moyvanili erovnuli Tavmoyvareobis Semlaxveli cnobebi 

qarTvelTa TviTkritikadac migveCnia da raime gamamarTlebeli mizezi mogve- 

Zebna, aqve, am cnobebis gverdiT rom ar iyos gasaocari qeba yovelive somxurisa. 

`leonti mrovelis~ Txzulebis aRniSnuli nawili mTlianad gaJRenTilia 

ideiT, rom somxebi upiratesni arian qarTvelebze, radganac somexTa wina-


jafariZe 

pari ufrosobda ara marto qarTvelebs, aramed saerTod kavkasielTa winaprebzedac. 

Targamosis rva vaJiSvils (gmirebs) Soris haosi ufrosi iyo: 

`SvidTave gmirTa zeda iyo gamgebel da ufal haos da eseni iyvnen morCil 

haosisa~. 95 

somexTa winapari iseTi Zlieri `devgmiria~, rom is amarcxebs `yoveli 

qveynis pirvel mefes~ _ nebroTs. 

nebroTis damarcxebis Semdeg haosi gamefda qarTvelTa winaparze da 

sxva kavkasielebze _ `maSin haos hyo Tavi Tvisi mefed ZmaTa TvisTa zeda 

da sxvaTaca naTesavTa zeda, maxlobelad sazRvarTa misTasa~. 96 

am TxzulebaSi, rogorc vTqviT, dakninebulia saqarTvelos istoria, ker- 

Zod, qarTvelebi jer somxebs emorCilebian, Semdeg xazarebsa da sparselebs, 

Semdeg kvlav somxebs, xolo haosi iseTi gmiria, romlis msgavsi arc war- 

Rvnamde da arc mis Semdeg ar arsebula. _ `xolo haos umetes gmiri iyo 

yovelTasa, rameTu egeviTari araodes yofil iyo arca wylis-rRvnis winaT 

da arca Semdgomad taniTa, ZaliTa da simxniTa~. 97 

farnavaz mefis Semdeg mirianis gamefebamde, am Txzulebis Tanaxmad, 

saqarTvelo somexi mefeebis xelTaa _ TiTqmis 600-700 wlis ganmavlobaSi, 

amis Sesaxeb a. bogveraZe wers _ àmis Semdeg Targamosianebis, kerZod, 

qarTvelebisa da somxebis cxovreba TavTavisi gziT warimarTa. qarTlosianebi 

jer xazarebis morCilebaSi arian, mere sparselebisa~. 

`farnavazis Semdeg, romelmac Seqmna qarTvelTa samefo da `msaxurebda 

antioqoss, mefesa asuristanisasa~, samxedro-politikuri upiratesoba, leontis 

mixedviT, amierkavkasiaSi mTlianad somexi mefeebis xelTaa, romlebsac 

morCilebdnen qarTvelTa mefeebi da qarTvelebi. ase gagrZelda qarTlSi 

mirianis gamefebamde. maeJan qarTlis spaspeti sparsTa mier somxeTis mooxrebis 

Semdeg ambobs: `warRebul ars somxeTi, romelsa ekida samefo Cueni~. 

`leonti aRar asaxelebs imis mizezs, Tu ram ganapiroba somexTa upiratesoba 

qarTlosianebze, magram saeWvo araa, rom misi azriT, amas hqonda is 

istoriul-genetikuri safuZveli, romlis ZaliTac haosi Tavis Zmebze jer 

ìyo gamgebel da ufal~ da mere `mefe~. 98 

`leonti mrovels~ qarTvel mefeTa cxovrebis aRweris dros uxvad gamouyenebia 

somxuri masalebi, Tqmulebebi da legendebi, vrclad saubrobs 

somxuri enis gansakuTrebul rolze maSin, roca qarTuli ena, rogorc 

iTqva, dakninebulia. 

a. abdalaZe wers _ `cxovreba qarTvelTa mefeTas~ armenofiluri tendencia 

imiTac unda aixsnas, rom leonti mrovels, garkveuli mizezebis gamo, 

mis winaSe dasaxuli miznis gansaxorcieleblad uxvad gamouyenebia somxuri 

masalebi, somxuri Tqmulebebi, legendebi~. 99 

`leonti sakmaod vrclad saubrobs somxebis Zlierebaze, mis did warsulze, 

somxuri enis gansakuTrebul rolze...~ 100


istoria 

681 

cnobilia, rom I-II saukuneebSi saqarTvelo amierkavkasiaSi uZlieresi 

saxelmwifo iyo da masTan romis imperiac ki megobrobda. qarTvelTa jars 

eWira somxeTi da somxeTis samefo taxtzec arc Tu iSviaTad qarTveli 

mefeebi isxdnen. miuxedavad amisa, `leonti mrovels~ am drosac ki saqarTvelo 

somxeTze damokidebul qveyanad hyavs gamoyvanili. I saukunis 30-50-ian 

wlebTan dakavSirebiT, g. meliqiSvili wers _ àSkaraa, rom `qarTlis cxovrebis~ 

monaTxrobs am laSqrobis Sesaxeb somxuri tradicia udevs safuZvlad. 

amaze miuTiTebs aSkara armenofiluri tendencia, romelic monaTxrobs 

wiTel zolad gasdevs... `qarTlis cxovrebac~ I saukunis 70-80-iani wlebis 

ambebis gadmocemisas, rogorc vTqviT, agreTve somxur tradicias eyrdnoba. 101 

g. meliqiSvili wers, I saukunis miwuruls `qarTamis mefobis aRwerisas 

qarTuli wyaroebi kvlav Zveli somxuri tradiciidan modian...~ 102 

rogorc zemoT moyvanilidan Cans, `qarTlis cxovrebis~ I nawils axasiaTebs 

ori mTavari tendencia: 

1. qarTvelTa erovnuli Tavmoyvareobis Selaxva; 

2. mkveTrad gamoxatuli da gadaWarbebuli armenofiloba. 

am Txzulebis armenofiluri tendencia amJamadac ki uxerxulobas iwvevs. 

magaliTad, g. peCs germanulad uTargmnia `qarTlis cxovreba~ Tavisi 

armenofiluri cnobebiTa da adgilebiT, rasac SeuZlia ucxoelebs mcdari 

warmodgena Seuqmnas Cvens istoriazeo, _ wers al. abdalaZe: _ `raxania 

mkvlevarni msjeloben, kamaToben `qarTlis cxovrebis~ Semadgeneli erTerTi 

Txzulebis, `cxovreba qarTvelTa mefeTas~ armenofiluri tendenciis 

mizezebis Sesaxeb, magram miRebuli Sedegebi, rogorc Cans, samecniero wreebs 

ar akmayofilebs. amis dasturad SeiZleba movixmoT axlaxan gamoqveynebuli 

`qarTlis cxovrebis~ g. peCiseuli germanuli Targmanic, rac TavisTavad 

friad mniSvnelovan movlenas warmoadgens. g. peCisve mier Targmanisadmi 

darTul winasityvaobasa da SeniSvnebSi `cxovreba qarTvelTa mefe- 

Tas~ armenofiluri tendenciebis kvaldakval araferia naTqvami. komentarebis 

gareSea gadaTargmnili qarTuli teqstis saTanado, armenofiluri tendenciis 

amsaxveli cnobebi Tu adgilebi. am sakiTxze arsebuli arc samecniero 

literaturaa miTiTebuli, amiT ki saqmeSi Cauxedav ucxoel mkiTxvels, 

SesaZloa, mcdari warmodgena Seeqmnas Cvens uZveles istoriaze~. 103 

aRsaniSnavia, rom Cveni mkvlevarebi, marTalia, didi xania ikvleven aRniSnuli 

Txzulebis rogorc armenofilur, ise qarTvelTa erovnuli Tavmoyvareobis 

Semlaxvel tendenciebs, magram ikvleven ara orive tendencias 

erTad _ mTlianobaSi, aramed cal-calke, magaliTad, roca armenofilur 

tendenciebs ikvleven, saerTod gverds uqceven da ar exebian qarTvelTa 

damamcirebel cnobebs, xolo roca qarTvelTa damamcirebel tendenciebs 

ikvleven, armenofilur cnobebs ar ganixilaven. aseTi midgoma xels ar 

uwyobs WeSmaritebis dadgenas im mizezis gamo, rom radganac `qarTlis


jafariZe 

cxovrebis~ aRniSnuli Txzuleba aris erTi mTliani naSromi, amitomac 

mTlianobaSi da urTierTkavSirSi unda iqnas ganxiluli masSi arsebuli 

yvela tendencia. es Txzuleba qronikebis ubralo krebuli rom iyos er- 

Tiani redaqciis gareSe, maSin, cxadia, cal-calke SeiZleboda yoveli tendenciis 

ganxilva, magram radganac aRiarebulia, rom es Txzuleba aris 

erTi avtoris, an yovel SeTxvevaSi erTi redaqtoris mier damuSavebuli, 

misi kvlevac erTiani unda iyos. 

am Txzulebis (igulisxmeba `qarTlis cxovrebis~ Sesavali) avtori (Tu 

redaqtori) SemTxveviT srulebiT ar laxavs qarTul erovnul Tavmoyvareobas 

da ganadidebs yovelive somxurs. es aris avtor-redaqtoris winaswardasaxuli 

gezi, romelic mtkiced miiswrafis erTi garkveuli miznisaken. 

wina TavebSi vwerdiT, rom qarTvelebis armenizacia VI-VII saukuneebSi 

mimdinareobda ara marto mesxeTSi, aramed qvemo qarTlSic (gugarqSi); es 

procesi mimdinareobda hereTSic. iq mcxovrebi qarTuli mosaxleoba iqca 

somxuri eklesiis mrevlad, ris gamoc, maT eklesiebSi Sewyvetili iyo 

qarTulenovani msaxureba da danergili iyo somxurenovani. qarTuli ena 

gandevnil iqna saeklesio msaxurebidan. Tu gaviTvaliswinebT imas, rom 

eklesia Zvel dros moicavda kulturis yvela sferos, cxadia, qarTuli 

enis xmarebidan gandevna qarTuli mosaxleobis guliswyromas gamoiwvevda. 

swored am dros, qarTvelTa winaaRmdegobis dacxromis mizniT, albaT, Semu- 

Savda kidec Sesabamis wreebSi qarTuli enis damamcirebeli Teoria (romelic 

gadmotanilia `qarTlis cxovrebis~ SesavalSi) da gavrcelda. 

magaliTad, kerZod, aq enis Sesaxeb naTqvamia, rom qarTvelebis ena Tavdapirvelad 

ara qarTuli, aramed somxuri ena iyo. qarTvelebma imis Semdeg 

daanebes Tavi somxur enaze laparaks, rac SemuSavda qarTuli ena. qarTuli 

ena, am Teoriis Tanaxmad, ase Seqmnila _ saqarTveloSi cxovrobdnen 

qarTvelebi (somxuri salaparako eniT), berZnebi, somxebi, ebraelebi, xazarebi, 

asurelebi da sxvebi. Semdeg am xalxebis enaTa aRrevis Sedegad Seiqmna 

qarTuli ena. qarTuli enis Seqmnis Semdeg qarTvelebma miatoves somxur 

enaze laparaki da daiwyes qarTuli: àqamomdis qarTlosianTa ena somxuri 

iyo, romelsa zraxvdes, xolo odes Semokrbes ese uricxvni naTesavni qarTlsa 

Sina, maSin qarTvelTaca dauteves ena somxuri da amiT yovelTa naTesavTagan 

Seiqmna ena qarTuli~. 104 qarTuli enis Seqmnis Semdegac ucxo xalxebi 

saqarTveloSi cxovrebas ganagrZobdnen. 

Zvelad yovelma ubralo, rigiTma qristianmac ki icoda, rom yoveli ena 

Seqmnilia RvTis mier, babilonis godolis dangrevisas. zemoT moyvanili 

qarTuli enis Rirsebis damamcirebeli Teoriis gavrcelebis Semdeg, 

qarTvelebs arwmunebdnen, rom qarTuli ena RvTis mier ki ar aris Seqmnili, 

aramed es ena aris sxvadasxva enaTa stiqiuri aRrevis Sedegad axalSeqmnili 

ena, xolo am enis Seqmnamde qarTvelebi RvTisagan Seqmnil somxur 

enaze metyvelebdnen.


istoria 

683 

swored es weria `qarTlis cxovrebis~ SesavalSi. 

am Teoriis gavrcelebis dros ar SeiZleboda ar gamoCeniliyo sapirispiro 

Teoria da marTlac, qarTuli eklesia gavlenis sferoebisaTvis 

enaTa WidilSi aqtiurad monawileobda. amas miuTiTebs arseboba Teoriisa, 

romelsac ewodeba `qebaA da didebaA qarTulisa enisaA~. am Teoriis Tanaxmad, 

qarTuli ena araTu RvTis mier aris Seqmnili, aramed qarTuli ena 

saRmrTo enaa, romelzedac isaubrebs da romliTac ganikiTxavs ieso qriste 

meored mosvlis dros mkvdreTiT aRmdgar adamianebs. es rom namdvilad 

asea, amas miuTiTebs mravali niSani, kerZod, qarTuli ena sxva enebis gaCenamde 

104 Tu 94 wliT adrea Seqmnili. 

`saswaulad ese aqvs asoTxi weli umetes sxvaTa enaTa qristes mosvliTgan 

dResamomde~. 105 aqvea miTiTebuli sxva niSnebic qarTuli enis RvTiuri 

warmoSobis dasadastureblad da agreTve am enis araTu sxva enebze naklebobis, 

aramed upiratesobis dasamtkiceblad. 

yvela qarTvels, romelnic aRniSnul pirobebSi cxovrobdnen da Tavisi 

TvaliT uyurebdnen qarTuli enis gandevnas eklesiidan da kulturis yvela 

sferodan, ar SeeZloT daejerebinaT am devnili qarTuli enis upiratesoba 

sxvaTa enaze. swored maTTvis naTqvamia iqve, rom marTalia, amJamad 

qarTuli ena damdablebulia da dawunebulia, magram es srulebiT ar 

niSnavs imas, rom qarTuli ena mdabali enaa, ara, es ena uflis saxeliTaa 

kurTxeuli, magram amJamad igi uflis mier Senaxulia (`damarxul ars~) da 

daZinebulia (`mZinare ars~), raTa meored mosvlisas yvela ena (e.i. yvela 

eri) am eniT ganikiTxos ufalmao (e.i. gadmocemulia im drois realuri 

suraTi: ena damdablebul-dawunebulia) _ `damarxul ars ena qarTuli 

dRemde meored mosvlisa mesiisa sawamebelad, raTa yovelsa enasa RmerTman 

amxilos amiT eniTa da ese enaA mZinare dResamomde... da ese enaA Semkuli 

da kurTxeuli saxeliTa uflisaTa mdabali da dawunebuli _ moelis 

dResa mas meored mosvlasa uflisasa~. 106 

saerTod, es Txzuleba antigrigorianuli suliskveTebiTaa gaJRenTili, 

rac iqidan Cans, rom masSi qarTvelTa momaqcevlad dasaxelebulia ara 

wmida grigori, rogoradac saxavda VI-VII saukuneebSi somxuri eklesia, 

aramed berZenTa dedofali elene (romis imperator konstantines deda) da 

wmida nino. es miuTiTebs, rom Txzuleba elinofiluria da am Tavisi mimarTulebiTac 

somxuri eklesiis sawinaaRmdego. àxalman nino moaqcia da helene 

dedofalman~. 

qarTuli ena araa Rirsi damdablebisa (rogoradac amdablebda mas fsevdoleonti 

mroveli) da dawunebisa, radganac `yoveli saidumlo amasa enasa 

Sina damarxul ars~, _ weria iq. 

wmida saxarebidan cnobilia, rom lazare gardacvalebis Semdeg oTxi 

dRe ido saflavSi da iqve darCeboda meored mosvlamde, ufal ieso qristes 

rom ar enebebina misi gacocxleba.


jafariZe 

qarTul enasac swored iseve Zinavs, rogorc eZina lazares. qarTul 

enas saxarebaSi lazare hqvia (e.i. lazare qarTuli enis simboloa), radganac 

qarTuli ena swored iseve aRsdgeba, rogorc aRsdga lazare `da ese 

enaA mZinare ars dResamomde da saxarebasa Sina mas enasa lazare hqvian~. 

wmida saxarebidan cnobilia, rom ufali ieso qriste iyo megobari lazaresi 

da misi debisa _ mariamisa da marTasi. ieso qristec megobaria qarTuli 

enisa (e.i. lazaresi) da es megobroba imiT mtkicdeba, rom yoveli saidumlo 

qarTul enaSia Senaxuli. 

`qebaA da didebaA~ qebaa ara marto qarTuli enisa, aramed qarTuli 

anbanisa da qarTuli wmida wignebisa (maTes saxarebisa). amas didi mniSvneloba 

hqonda, radganac mesxeTSi (igulisxmeba tao da sxvadasxva kuTxeebi), 

gugarqSi da hereTSi eklesiebSi somxurenovani msaxurebis danergvis 

dros ganidevna qarTulenovani wignebi da dainerga `maStocis da wmida 

grigoris wesi da msaxureba~, e.i somxurenovani wignebiT somxurenovani 

msaxureba (wirva-locva). aseT dros gancxadebas imisas, rom qarTul saxarebas 

(kerZod, maTesas) aqvs idumali, saRvTo winaswarmetyveluri niSnebi, 

didi mniSvneloba hqonda. 

unda aRiniSnos, rom VI-VII saukuneebis ZiriTad periodebSi qarTuli da 

somxuri eklesiebi TiTqmis erTi da igive sarwmunoebrivi mimarTulebisa 

iyvnen (ganxeTqileba, `ganyofa~ am or eklesias Soris moxda 607-609 wlebSi, 

xolo erekle keisris laSqrobis Semdeg somxurma eklesiam ùnia~ Sekra 

bizantiur (e.i. CvenTanac) eklesiasTan, amitom zemoT aRniSnuli metoqeoba 

am dros (VIIs.) ideologiurad uzrunvelyofili ar iyo (ar hqonda iseTi 

aSkarad gamoxatuli erovnul-sarwmunoebrivi saxe, rogoric VIII saukunis 

Semdeg). swored am mdgomareobis gamo, SeiZleba iTqvas, totaluri armenizaciis 

dros, qarTvelTa wmida wignebzec ki xeli miuwvdebodaT armenofilebs. 

`qarTlis cxovrebis~ Sesavali da àmbavi mefeTanis~ somxofiluri 

redaqciis arsebobac am mizeziT aris gamowveuli. 

miiCneva, rom swored `somxur-qalkedonurma~ versiam, romelic VII saukuniT 

TariRdeba, safuZveli daudo `leonti mrovelis~ erT-erT sqemas _ 

`gavrcelebulia Tvalsazrisi, TiTqos arqauli nawilis, e.w. eTnarqebis sqema 

mTlianad XI saukunisaa. masSi areklilia kavkasiis xalxTa megobrobis 

am saukunis idea. kritikuli Seswavla ki mowmobs, rom es sqema metad 

Zvelia. Tavisi faqturiT igi misdevs da emTxveva imas, rasac vicnobT 

`xalxTa warmomavlobis~ wignis somxuri qalkedonuri versiiT, romelic 

VII saukuniT TariRdeba. 107 

`qarTlis cxovrebis~ Sedgenilobidan Cans, rom qarTvelebs Tavdapirvelad 

hqoniaT TavianTi istoriis qronikebi an Canawerebi. aseve Tqmulebebi 

da erovnuli istoriis folkloruli Zeglebi. SesaZlebelia isini Sekrebili 

da erT qronologiur sistemaSic iyo moyvanili da Txzulebis saxe


istoria 

685 

hqonda, magram VI-VII saukuneebSi armenofilebs es ZvelqarTuli istoriuli 

Txzuleba uredaqtirebiaT, misTvis miuciaT mkveTrad gamoxatuli armenofiluri 

saxe. `cnobilia, rom leonti mrovelma Tavisi moTxroba qarTlis 

gaqristianebis Sesaxeb ZiriTadad `moqcevaAdan~ aiRo. rac Seexeba warmarTobis 

xanis istorias, kerZod, aleqsandre makedonelis Semosvlis 

epizods, k. kekeliZis azriT, igi uSualod `moqcevaA qarTlisaAdan~ ar 

momdinareobs, aramed VII-VIII saukuneebis romeliRac istoriuli Txzulebidan, 

romelic unda iyos wyaro TviT `moqcevaA qarTlisaAsTvisac~. 108 

swored aleqsandre makedonelis Semosvlis epizodi, romelsac k. kekeliZe 

VII-VIII saukuneebis romeliRac istoriuli Txzulebidan aRebulad 

Tvlis, Seicavs qarTvelTa Zlier uaryofiT Sefasebas. aq qarTvelebi sxvadasxva 

uwmindur zneTa mqoned arian gamoyvanilni. 

mose xoreneli qalkedonituri mimarTulebis moRvawed iyo miCneuli. 

amitomac mas somexi qalkedonitebi pativs scemdnen, xolo VII saukuneSi 

mTeli somxuri eklesiis TiTqmis qalkedonituri mimarTulebis gamo is 

mTel somxeTSi iqneboda pativcemuli. miCneulia, rom swored xorenacis 

istorias gavlena hqonda leonti mrovelis istoriaze. 

`somxeTis istoriaSi~, sadac daxasiaTebulia artaSes II-is (33-20 ww. Zv.w.) 

moRvaweoba, naTqvamia: `msgavsad CrdiloeTis qveynebisa (CvenSic) mkvdris 

WamiobiT da sxva amisTanebiT cxovrobdnen. da ese yoveli mowesrigda 

dReTa Sina artaSesisa~. rogorc vxedavT, aseTi `codva~ leonti mrovels 

ar Caudenia. aqedan im daskvnis gamotana SeiZleba, rom erT-erTi wyaro 

fsevdokalistenes àleqsandrianTan~ erTad, leonti mrovelisTvis Sei- 

Zleba yofiliyo movses xorenacis `somxeTis istoriac~. albaT, es adgili 

hqonda mxedvelobaSi q. patkanovs, rodesac werda, rom cnoba ùwmindur 

zneTa~ Sesaxeb `qarTlis cxovrebaSi~ zoroastrizmisa da movses xorenacis 

gavleniT gaCndao~. 109 

armenofilebs qarTvelTa saistorio Txzulebis redaqtirebis dros xelT 

hqoniaT xorenacis ìstoria~, romlis gavlena etyoba kidec `leonti mrovelis~ 

Txzulebas _ `leonti, ueWvelia, icnobda movses xorenacis `somxeTis 

istorias~ (misi terminologiiT `cxovrebas somxeTisa~), romelSic somexTa 

mamamTavari haiki, anu leontis enaze haosi, aseve Targamosianad aris 

gamoyvanili. magram Tu xorenaciT haoss Zmebi ar hyolia, leontim kavkasiis 

xalxebis mamamTavrebi (eTnarqosebi) haosis umcros Zmebad gamoacxada 

da amiT aRniSnuli xalxebis naTesaobis originaluri koncefcia Seqmna. 110 

rogorc aRiniSna, armenofiluri redaqtirebisas `qarTlis cxovrebis~ 

Sesavalsa da `mefeTa cxovrebaSi~ uxvad CaurTavT somxuri masalebi, somxuri 

Tqmulebebi, legendebi, aq armenofilebi saubroben somxebis Zlierebaze, 

mis did warsulze, somxuri enis gansakuTrebul rolze, 111 aq saubaria 

imis Sesaxeb, rom somxebi upiratesni arian qarTlosianebze, rasac TiTqos-


jafariZe 

da istoriul-genetikuri safuZveli hqonda. haosi qarTvelebisaTvis ìyo 

ganmgebel da ufal~ da mere `mefe~. haosianebs TiTqosda istoriulad 

`marTebdaT ufloba~ qarTlosianebisa, amitomac iyo, rom somex-qarTvelTa 

omebSi qarTvelTa calkeuli warmatebis miuxedavad, sabolood gamarjveba 

somxebs unda darCenodaT da rCebodaT kidec leontis Tanaxmad. es koncefcia 

leontim somxebis siyvaruliT ki ar SeimuSava, aramed xorenacis 

Txzulebidan gamomdinare Seqmna. 112 

`qarTlis cxovrebis~ dawerili nawilis armenofiluri redaqcia Sesa- 

Zlebeli iyo gansakuTrebiT VI-VIII saukuneebSi, radganac es periodi umZimesi 

iyo qarTveli xalxis istoriaSi. 

g. anCabaZe wers _ `VI-VIII saukuneebi saqarTvelos istoriaSi erT-erTi 

yvelaze mZime xana iyo. feodaluri urTierTobis ganmtkiceba-ganviTarebis 

periodi CvenSi daemTxva saSinao da sagareo politikuri viTarebis mkveTr 

gauaresebas. gafeodalebuli erisTavebi ar epuebodnen centralur xelisuflebas. 

qveyanas gars ekra Zlieri da agresiuli saxelmwifoebi: bizantiis 

imperia, xazarTa samefo da sasanuri iranis adgilze aRmocenebuli arabTa 

saxalifo. mZime krizisSi imyofeboda TviT qarTuli saxelmwifoebriobac, 

romelic am droisaTvis Tavisi istoriis meore aTwleuls iTvlida. VII 

saukunis bolos gaqra samefo Zalaufleba lazikaSi, ufro adre ki _ 

qarTlSi. adgilobrivi mmarTvelebi ucxoeli dampyroblebis SiSiT mefis 

tituls veRar atarebdnen. daqsaqsuli, politikur damoukideblobas moklebuli, 

gauTavebeli omebiT sisxlisagan daclili, daxarkuli xalxi, ioane 

sabanisZis sityviT, ìryeoda viTarca lerwami qarTagan ZlierTa~. gaxSirda 

renegatobis SemTxvevebi...~ 113 

hqondaT Tu ara qarTvelebs VI-VII saukuneebamde saistorio Txzulebani? 

SeuZlebelia qarTvelebs IV-V saukuneebSi ar hqonodaT istoriuli 

nawarmoebebi da Canawerebi. amaze miuTiTebs TviT `mefeTa cxovreba~. Tu am 

Txzulebas Cven CamovacliT armenofilur Canamatebs da saerTod, gavwmendT 

armenofiluri redaqciisagan, SeiZleba miviRoT V saukunemdeli qarTveli 

xalxis istoriis SesaniSnavi Tanadrouli wyaro. `saqarTvelos Zveli 

istoriis amsaxveli qarTuli saistorio Txzulebis, `mefeTa cxovrebis~ 

bevri cnoba berZnul-romauli da somxuri wyaroebiT, arqeologiuri da 

epigrafikuli masaliT dadasturda, ris Semdegac `mefeTa cxovrebis~, rogorc 

saistorio wyaros Sesaxeb, Zveli Sexeduleba Seicvala~. 114 

`moqcevaA qarTlisaA~-dan Cans, rom masSi Sesulia VI saukunemde dawerili 

qronikebi. m. CxartiSvilma gamoarkvia, rom wmida ninos cxovreba IV 

saukuneSive dawerila saqarTveloSi. 

V saukuneSi somxeTSi mravali istorikosi moRvaweobda. Cans, am dros Cvens 

mezobel albanel xalxsac hyavda Tavisi istorikosebi. `Zveli msoflios 

istoriis~ III tomSi amis Sesaxeb naTqvami yofila _ `rogorc Cans, albanelebs 

mokle drois ganmavlobaSi hyavdaT TavianTi Zveli istorikosebi~. 115


istoria 

687 

qarTveli xalxis ganviTarebuli saxelmwifoebrioba, romelic VI saukunisaTvis 

TiTqmis aTaswlovani iyo, moiTxovda Tavisi istorikosebis arsebobas, 

gansakuTrebiT ki gaqristianebis Semdeg. 

p. ingoroyvam gamoarkvia, rom `mefeTa cxovrebaSi~ Sesulia uZvelesi 

folkloruli masalebi. xalxuri saleqso formiT yofila dawerili arqauli 

xasiaTis folkloruli Zeglebi _ `brZola qarTvelTa mefisa mirvanisa 

da durZukTa~, Tqmulebani farnavazze, `glova qarTvelTa mefisa 

farsman qvelisa~, `brZola gmirTa da sastikeba haerisa~. 116 unda vifiqroT, 

rom qarTuli folkloruli Zeglis `brZola gmirTas~ mTavar gmirad Txzulebis 

armenofiluri redaqciis dros haosi iqca. 

`leonti mrovelis~ TxzulebaSi SeiZleba aRmovaCinoT azrobrivi sxvadasxvaobani, 

magaliTad, is genealogia eTnarqebisa, romelic gadmocemulia 

àmbavi rvaTa ZmaTaSi~ srulebiT gansxvavdeba `cxovreba farnavazisaSi~ 

SefarviT arsebul genealogiisagan. `farnavazis cxovrebaSi~ SefarviT 

arsebobs aseTi genealogia _ qarTlosi (romlis adgilzec farnavazia im 

droisaTvis) Tavi da ùfali~ aris yvela qarTvelisa, maT Soris megrelebisac 

(egrosi _ quji). megrelTa meTauri quji eubneba farnavazs _ `Sen xar 

Svili TavTa maT qarTlisaTa da Sen gmarTebs ufleba Cemi... Sen xar ufali 

Cveni da me var mona Seni~. 117 

ratom marTebs farnavazs megrelTa meTauris qujis ùfleba~, ratom 

aris quji mona farnavazisa, xolo farnavazi misi ufali? am kiTxvas TviT 

quji pasuxobs _ imitom, rom farnavazi Svilia qarTlisa TavTa, e.i. `qarTlis 

Tavebi~ egrisis ùflebi~ arian istoriulad. 

farnavazis `cxovrebaSi~ gadmocemuli genealogia aSkarad miuTiTebs, 

rom egrosis (megrelTa eTnarqis) ùfali~ aris qarTlosi. maSin, roca 

àmbavi rvaTa ZmaTasaSi~ gadmocemuli genealogia sruliad gansxvavebulia. 

aq egrosis ùfali~ aris ara qarTlosi, aramed haosi (ise, rogorc 

sxva Zmebisa) _ àmaT SvidTave gmirTa zeda iyo gamgebel da ufal haos da 

ese yovelni iyvnes morCil haosisa~. 118 

maSasadame, am TxzulebaSi gadmocemulia ori srulebiT erTmaneTisagan 

gansxvavebuli genealogia eTnarqebisa, erTis mixedviT, egrosis ùfali~ aris 

qarTlosi, meoris mixedviT, egrosis ùfali~ aris haosi. am ori genealogiidan 

ufro Zveli unda iyos is, romelSic egrosis uflad qarTlosia gamocxadebuli, 

aseTi azris gamoTqmis uflebas iZleva sxva uZvelesi wyaro _ 

`moqcevaA qarTlisaA~, aqac igive genealogiuri Tvalsazrisia gadmocemuli. 

saerTod, qarTuli saistorio Txzulebani `qarTlis cxovreba~ iqneba is 

mTlianobaSi, `moqcevaA qarTlisaA~, arseni beris Tu sxvaTa naSromebi, Seicavs 

Tvalsazriss, romelic gamudmebiT da dabejiTebiT meordeba maTSi, 

rom qarTvelTa saxelmwifos sazRvari yovelTvis gadioda mdinare egriswyalsa 

da Sav zRvaze (farnavazidan vidre arCilis CaTvliT), samegrelo


jafariZe 

yovelTvis qarTvelTa saxelmwifos SigniT mdebareobs, es ki niSnavs, rom 

megrelebic iseTive qarTvelebad arian miCneulni, rogorc saqarTvelos 

sxva kuTxeTa mcxovrebni. am Tvalsazrisidan ki srulebiT gansxvavdeba is 

Tvalsazrisi, romelic `qarTlis cxovrebis~ armenizebul SesavalSi _ 

àmbavi rvaTa ZmaTaSia~ mocemuli. aq gansxvavebiT erovnul-qarTuli Tvalsazrisisagan 

gadmocemulia, rom megrelebi iseTive eTnikur siaxloveSia 

qarTvelebTan (qarTlelebTan), rogorc somxebTan da sxva kavkasiel tomebTan. 

e.i megrelebi, qarTebi (qarTlelebi), somxebi da sxva tomebi erTnair eTnikur 

naTesaur kavSirSi imyofebian. isini Zmebi _ `Tvisni~ arian. maSin roca, 

rogorc vTqviT, qarTuli uZvelesi erovnuli TvalsazrisiT, qarTvelebi 

erTiani xalxia, xolo megrelebi iseve arian qarTvelebi, rogorc qarTlelebi, 

xolo somxebi ki srulebiT ucxo xalxia. 

SeiZleba `qarTlis cxovrebis~ armenofiluri redaqciis dros masSi 

aisaxa ramdenadme gamZafrebuli saxe im eTnikuri suraTisa, romelic qarTvel 

xalxs gaaCnda VI-VIII saukuneebSi, erTiani qarTuli saxelmwifos gauqmebis 

Semdeg. cnobilia, rom erovnuli saxelmwifos arseboba aucilebeli pirobaa 

xalxis erTian erad (naciad) Camoyalibeba-arsebobisaTvis. amitomac, unda 

vifiqroT, rom erTiani qarTuli saxelmwifos arsebobis droidan, farnavazidan 

_ vaxtang gorgasalis CaTvliT, qarTveli xalxi arsebobda da 

erTiani iyo. am xalxSi Sedioda megrelebic, xolo imis Semdeg, rac VI 

saukuneSi erTiani saxelmwifo gauqmda, VII saukuneSi arabebi SemoiWrnen, 

xolo VIII saukunis dasawyisSi arsebulma katastrofam zRvramde miaRwia, 

daiwyo qarTveli xalxis denacionalizaciis procesi. qarTveli xalxi 

ìryeva viTarca lerwami qarTagan ZlierTa~, qarTvelebi mahmadiandebian, 

rac `qarTvelobis~ uaryofasac niSnavda. qarTvelebi somxuri eklesiis 

mrevli xdebian (monofizituri somxuri eklesiis, Tu diofizitur-monoTelituri 

somxuri eklesiisa), rac armenizacias niSnavda. garda amisa, dasavleT 

saqarTveloSi adgilobrivi saxelmwifoebrivi erTeulebi swored maSin Zlierdeboda, 

roca centraluri, erTiani qarTuli saxelmwifo sustdeboda, kerZod, 

maSin, roca VI saukunis dasawyisSi erTiani qarTuli saxelmwifo gauqmda, 

dasavleT saqarTveloSi asparezze gamovida egrisis samefo. misi didi 

nawilis bizantielTa mier aneqsiam xeli Seuwyo aqaurebis tomobriv gancalkevebas 

erTiani qarTveli xalxisagan _ es iyo denacionalizaciis er- 

Tiani procesis mxare. Cans, am dros megruli dialeqti kidev ufro Sordeba 

erTian fuZe qarTul enas da is ukve damoukidebel enad yalibdeba. `megruli 

ena~, rogorc calke ena, ukve moixseneba daviT da konstantines `wamebaSi~. 

aseve iTqmis saqarTvelos sxva kuTxeebSi mcxovreblebzec. 

arabTa Semosevas iseTi didi xalxis denacionalizaciac ki gamouwvevia, 

rogoric iyo sparseli xalxi, amitomac arabTa Semosevis gamo mosalodneli 

iyo kidec qarTveli xalxis denacionalizacia. magram es procesi


istoria 

689 

mxolod dawyebula da ver dasrulda sxvadasxva mizezebis gamo, kerZod, 

qarTulma eklesiam SeZlo qalkedonitur mimarTulebaze dayrdnobiT da 

erovnuli TviTSegnebis gaRvivebis saSualebiT qarTveloba gaeerTianebina. 

marTalia, Semdeg VIII-X saukuneebSi Seiqmna saqarTvelos sxvadasxva kuTxeebSi 

erovnul-qarTuli saxelmwifoebrivi erTeulebi, magram maT, tao-klarjeTis, 

afxazeTis da kaxeT-hereTis samefoebs, aerTianebda qarTuli eklesia 

erTiani qalkedonituri sarwmunoebiT _ amiT ki `qarTveloba~ kvlav er- 

Tiani iyo. e.i. denacionalizaciis procesi ar gaRrmavda, is male Sewyda. 

qarTveli xalxi kvlav mTlianad arsebobda. denacionalizaciis VI-VIII 

saukuneebSi arsebulma saxem uTuod gavlena iqonia àmbavi rvaTa ZmaTaSi~ 

gadmocemul suraTze. 

rogorc iTqva, `moqcevaA qarTlisaA~ da àmbavi mefeTani~ erTmaneTisagan 

Zlier gansxvavdebian maTSi gadmocemuli TvalsazrisiT qarTveli xalxis 

Tavdapirveli istoriis Sesaxeb. `moqcevaA qarTlisaAs~ Tanaxmad, qarTvelebi 

gadmosaxldnen samxreTiT mdebare samSoblodan, romelsac àrian-qarTli~ 

erqva, àmbavi mefeTaAs~ mixedviT ki, qarTveli xalxi adgilze _ saqarTveloSive 

Camoyalibda qarTlosis STamomavlebis gamravlebis Sedegad. `moqcevaAs~ 

Tanaxmad, qarTveli xalxi gadmosaxlebis dros dasaxlda vrcel teritoriaze 

mdinare egriswylidan vidre hereTis CaTvliT. am teritoriaze 

mxolod qarTvelebi cxovrobdnen _ e.i. megrelebi qarTvelebi arian ise, 

rogorc yvela adgilobrivi mkvidri mcxovrebi aRniSnul sazRvrebSi. àmbavi 

mefeTanis~ Tanaxmad ki, qarTlosis STamomavlebi arian qarTvelebi, 

xolo megrelebs TavianTi eTnarqi hyavT, anu megrelebi qarTlosis STamomavlebi 

ar arian. `moqcevaAs~ Tanaxmad, samxreTidan gadmosaxlebul 

qarTvelebs saqarTveloSi daxvdaT ucxo tomebi, romlebic iyvnen veluri 

da saZageli cxovrebiT mcxovrebni. àmbavi mefeTanis~ Tanaxmad ki, velurebi 

da saZageli cxovrebiT mcxovrebni TviTon qarTvelebi iyvnen. 

`moqcevaAdan~ TavisTavad igulisxmeba, rom samxreTidan gadmosaxlebuli 

qarTvelebis ena iyo qarTuli ena, amas adasturebs arseni beri, roca wers: 

`Cven qarTvelni Svilni varT maT arian-qarTliT gamosulTani da maTi ena 

uwyiT~. 119 àmbavi mefeTanis~ Tanaxmad ki, Tavdapirvelad qarTveli xalxis 

mSobliuri ena iyo ara qarTuli, aramed somxuri ena, TiTqosda qarTuli ena 

mogvianebiT Camoyalibda sxvadasxva enaTa aRrevis Sedegad. 

`moqcevaA qarTlisaASi~ ar Cans raime tendencia sxva erebis, an Tundac 

qarTvelTa mimarT. aq istoria bunebrivi mdinarebiT aRiwereba. àmbavi 

mefeTani~ ki xasiaTdeba mkveTrad gamoxatuli tendenciurobiT, rogorc 

ucxo xalxis, ise qarTvelTa mimarT. kerZod, àmbavi mefeTani~ antiberZnuli 

(antiromauli) da prosparsuli mimarTulebisaa, rom araferi vTqvaT somxofilobasa 

da qarTvelTa augze. antiberZnuloba (anu, rac igivea im droisaTvis, 

antiromauloba) imiT gamoixateba, rom pirveli mefe azoni aris


jafariZe 

romaelTa (anu `berZenTa~) warmomadgeneli, romelsac ar uyvars qarTvelebi 

da a.S. moviyvanoT Sesabamisi adgilebi `moqcevaA qarTlisaAdan~ 120 (Zveli 

qarTuli agiografiuli literaturis Zeglebi, I, 1964 w.) da àmbavi 

mefeTanidan~. 121 

`moqcevai qarTlisai~ 

qarTvelTa gadmosaxleba 

`Tana-hyvanda aleqsandres mefesa azo, 

Ze arian-qarTlisa mefisa, da mas miuboZa 

mcxeTa sajdomad da sazRvari 

daudva mas hereTi da egriswyali da 

somxiTi da mTa crolisa da warvida, 

xolo es azo warvida arian qarTlad, 

mamisa Tvisisa da warmoiyvana 

rva saxli da aTni saxlni _ mama 

mZuZeTani da dajda Zvel mcxeTas~ 

(gv.81). aqedan Cans, rom qarTvelTa 

dasaxlebis dasavleTi sazRvari gadis 

mdinare egriswyalze. 

saqarTveloSi velurebi 

cxovrobdnen qarTvelebis 

mosvlamde 

`pirvel, odes aleqsandre mefeman 

naTesavni igi loTis SvilTani wariqcina 

da Sexadna igi kedarsa mas 

qveyanasa, ixilna naTesavni sastikni 

bunTurqni, msxdomareni mdinaresa 

zeda mtkvarsa... daukuirda aleqsan- 

`qarTlis cxovreba~ 

qarTvelTa eTnogenezisi 

`pirvelad vaxsenoT ese rameTu somex- 

Ta da qarTvelTa, ranTa da movaknelTa, 

herTa da lekTa, megrelTa da kavkasianTa 

_ amiT TvisTa erTi iyo mama, 

saxeliT Targamos... misca qarTloss 

da uCina sazRvari: aRmosavliT hereTi 

da mdinare berdujisi, dasavliT zRva 

pontosi... da CrdiloT sazRvari Rado, 

mTa mcire... romelsa aw hqvian lixi... 

xolo egriss misca qveyana zRvis 

yurisa da uCina sazRvari... dasavliT 

zRva, CrdiloT mdinare mcirisa xazareTisa 

(gv. 5). aqedan ki Cans, rom 

`qarTvelTa~ (qarTlosis STamomaval- 

Ta) dasaxlebis dasavleTi sazRvari 

gadis lixis mTaze, xolo megrelTa 

dasavleTi sazRvari gadis lixis 

mTaze, xolo megrelTa dasavleTi 

sazRvari gadis mcire xazareTis 

mdinareze. TviT `qarTlis cxovreba- 

Si~ sxvagan ki naCvenebia, rom sazRvari 

qarTvelTa saxelmwifosi (qarTlisa) 

mudam gadioda mdinare 

egriswyalze. azrobrivi sxvaoba TvalsaCinoa. 

TviT qarTvelebi velurebi 

iyvnen 

àqamomdis qarTlosianTa ena somxuri 

iyo, romelsa zraxvides, xolo 

odes Semokrbes ese uricxvni naTesavni 

qarTlsa Sina, maSin qarTvelTaca 

dauteves ena somxuri. da amaT 

yovelTa naTesavTagan Seqmna ena


istoria 

dres da cna, rameTu ieboselTa naTesavni 

iyvnes, yovelsa xorcielsa Wamdes 

da samare maTi ara iyo, mkvdarsa 

SeSWamdes~ ... (gv. 81) Semosvlis 

Semdeg maT SeebrZola aleqsandre. 

xolo isini, `meot iqmnnes~, saqarTvelodan 

gaiqcnen. 

azo qarTvelTa pirveli mcxeTeli 

mefea qarTvel mefeTa Ze. qarTveli 

xalxi Camoyalibda ara azos dros, 

aramed manamdec qarTvelebs Tavian- 

Ti saxelmwifo hqondaT, samxreTiT, 

iq Tavisi mefeebic hyavdaT, azo qarTveli 

mefis Zea _ `Ze arian _ qarTlis 

mefisaA... ese iyo pirveli mefe 

mcxeTas Sina azoi, Ze arian qarTvelTa 

mefisa...~ (gv.31-82). 

691 

qarTuli. da ipyres sjuli uborotesi 

yovelTa naTesavTaca, rameTu colqmrobisaTvis 

ara uCndaT naTesaoba 

da yovelsa suliersa Wamdes, saflavi 

ara iyo mkvdarsa SesWamdes... (gv.16). 

azo aris makedoneli (berZeni), mas 

romaeli jariskacebi hyavs, ar uyvars 

qarTvelebi. aleqsandre qarTvelebs 

`...dauteva maT zeda patrikad saxeliT 

azon, Ze iaredosi, naTesavi misi _ qveyaniT 

makedoniT, da misca asi aTasi 

kaci qveyaniT hromiT... dauteva qarTls 

erisTavad azon da mis Tana spani igi, 

mpyrobelad qarTlisa... aman azon 

moarRvivna zRudeni qalaqsa mcxeTas 

safuZvliTurT... da yovelsa qarTlisa 

qalaqTa moarRvivna zRudeni... iyo kaci 

Zneli da mesisxle da ese daawesa da 

amcno spaTa misTa, viTarmed: `yovelman 

qarTvelTaganman romelman povos 

saWurveli, mokaliT igi~ da hyofdes 

hromni esreT qarTvelTa zeda da vinc 

vin gamoCndis qarTvelTagani qmnulkeTili 

da asakovani, moklian igi. da 

iyo Wiri didi naTesavsa zeda qarTvelTasa~ 

(gv. 19-20). anti-berZnulia da 

amave dros sparsofiluria Tundac 

imiT, rom pirveli qarTveli mefis 

deda sparsia, xolo sxva saukuneTa 

qarTvel mefeTa dinastiebi sparsuli 

warmoSobisa da sxva msgavsi. 

`moqcevaA qarTlisaAs~ cnoba imis Sesaxeb, rom kavkasiaSi gadmosaxlebisas 

qarTvelebs saqarTveloSi daxvdaT sxva, ucxo xalxi, dasturdeba berZnuli 

cnobebiT, romelTa mixedviTac iberielebs samxreTidan gadmosaxlebis dros 

kavkasiaSi daxvdaT sxva eri, romelsac qarTvelebi SeebrZolnen da daamarcxes 

_ `kaspiisa da veqsinis zRvas Soris mdebare yelze cxovrobs 

iberTa aRmosavluri tomi, romelic odesRac pirineidan movida aRmosavleTSi 

da hirkanielebTan sastiki brZola hqonda~. 122


jafariZe 

T. yauxCiSvilis azriT, ès literaturuli cnoba iberTa da hirkaniel- 

Ta Soris realurad arsebuli urTierTobis gamoZaxili unda iyos~. 123 am 

cnobas sxva berZeni avtorebic imeoreben. maSasadame, `moqcevaA qarTlisaAs~ 

Sesabamis cnobas aqvs wyaro, an raime realuri safuZveli, maSin, roca 

`qarTlis cxovrebis~ cnobebi qarTvelTa eTnogenezisis Sesaxeb aris zRapruli 

da tendenciuri. is, rogorc aRiniSna, xorenacis istoriasa da 

somxur-qalkedonitur raRac wyaroze yofila dayrdnobili. maSasadame, àmbavi 

rvaTa ZmaTa~ dawerilia xorenacis Semdeg, misi erT-erTi wyaro VII 

saukunis somxuri Txzulebac yofila _ `xalxTa warmomavlobis~ wignis 

somxur-qalkedonituri versia, romelic VII saukuniT TariRdeba~, 124 xolo 

`moqcevaA qarTlisaAs~ is berZnuli wyaroebi, romelSic hirkanielebisa da 

iberebis saqarTveloSi urTierTbrZolazea laparaki, antikur periods ganekuTvneba. 

(`hirkanielebSi~ vgulisxmobT ìeboselTa naTesav~ bun-Turqebs, 

romelnic qarTvelebs daxvdnen mtkvris xeobaSi Semosvlisas). 

srulebiT aSkaraa, rom `qarTlis cxovrebis~ Sesavali aris daufaravi, 

gamokveTili armenofiluri Txzuleba, romelSic qarTvelebi arcTu kargad 

xasiaTdebian, amitomac unda daisvas kiTxva imis Sesaxeb, iyo Tu ara aRiarebuli 

am Txzulebis Sesavali sazogadoebis mier, aRiarebdnen Tu ara am Txzulebas 

saqarTveloSi da qarTveli xalxisaTvis ramdenad mosaTmeni iyo is? 

Cven arseni beris (arsen iyalToelis) erT Txzulebaze dayrdnobiT unda 

ganvacxadoT _ qarTuli eklesiisaTvis miuRebeli iyo `qarTlis cxovrebis~ 

Sesavlis (àmbavi mefeTanis~) armenofiluri redaqcia, ufro metic, 

SeiZleba gamoiTqvas azri, rom es redaqcia saerTod akrZaluli iyo qalkedonur 

saqarTveloSi da is arsebobda mxolod qarTvel monofizitTa 

wreSi. es Txzuleba iyo dafaruli apokrifi (igulisxmeba XI-XIV saukuneeb- 

Si), romelsac krZalavda qarTuli samociqulo eklesia. es Cans arseni 

beris `cxovreba wmida ninosidan~. 

`cxovreba da moqalaqeoba ninoAsi~ `...dawerilia XII saukunis 10-20-ian 

wlebSi daviT aRmaSeneblis (Tu ioane kaTalikosis) brZanebiT arseni monazonis 

(beris), anu arseni iyalToelis mier... Txzuleba ZiriTadad mTavrdeba 

ninos gardacvalebisa da dakrZalvis aRweriT. amis Semdeg iwyeba axali 

Txroba, romelsac uZRvis zed warwerili _ èseca waurTe yoveli, rameTu 

Svenier ars, sayvarelno da satrfialo msmenelTaTvis~. es Txroba Seicavs 

saqarTvelosa da qarTuli eklesiis istoriisaTvis friad sayuradRebo 

masalebs qarTvelebisa da maTi mefeebis Camomavlobis... da sxvaTa Sesaxeb~. 125 

cnobilia, Tu ra didi avtoriteti iyo arsen iyalToeli qarTuli eklesiisaTvis 

da daviT aRmaSeneblisaTvisac. SeiZleba iTqvas, mis mier organizebulma 

ruis-urbnisis saeklesio krebam daviT aRmaSeneblis dros, erTgvarad 

Seafasa da Seajama wina saukuneebSi qarTuli eklesiis saqmianoba 

da gansazRvra momavalSi misi mimarTuleba. arsen beri istoriuli piri


istoria 

693 

iyo, amitomac misi Txzuleba qarTvelTa eTnogenezisis da mefeTa Camomavlobis 

Sesaxeb daTariRebulia. am mxriv, ra SeiZleba iTqvas àmbavi mefeTanis~ 

avtoris Sesaxeb? marTalia, zogierTma Cvenma didma mecnierma miiCnia, 

rom is dawerilia XI saukuneSi leonti mrovelis mier, magram es gancxadeba 

efuZneboda mxolod logikur msjelobas da ara istoriul faqts. 

amitomac, SeiZleba iTqvas, rom arc àmbavi mefeTanis~ avtoria cnobili da 

arc misi daweris (miT umetes redaqtirebis) TariRi, arseni beris Txzulebis 

avtori ki cnobilia. 

is faqti, rom arsen beris TxzulebaSi gamoTqmuli Tvalsazrisi srulebiT 

ewinaaRmdegeba àmbavi mefeTanSi~ gamoTqmul Tvalsazriss qarTvelTa eTnogenezisis, 

qarTvelTa qveynis sazRvrebis, mefeTa warmomavlobis, qarTuli 

enis da sxvaTa Sesaxeb, gvaZlevs uflebas iTqvas, rom `qarTlis cxovrebis~ 

arsebuli nawili XI-XIV saukuneebSi araTu samefo karis SekveTiT iwereboda 

(igulisxmeba armenofiluri redaqcia), aramed akrZaluli iyo samefo 

karis mier, radganac swored mefis karis moZRvari, mefis maswavlebeli da 

sulieri mama arseni ar iziarebda da, ufro metic, uaryofda àmbavi mefe- 

Tanis~ mraval Tvalsazriss. 

dabejiTebiT SeiZleba iTqvas isic, rom (XII saukunis dasawyisSi) qarTuli 

eklesiisaTvis srulebiT mouTmeneli iyo àmbavi mefeTanSi~ arsebul 

armenofilur TvalsazrisTagan umravlesi. cnobilia, rom msoflio saeklesio 

kreba aris kanonmdebeli organo, aseve adgilobrivi saeklesio kreba 

kanonmdebelia adgilobrivi eklesiis mimarT, amitomac ruis-urbnisis saeklesio 

krebis gadawyvetilebani savaldebulo iyo eklesiisaTvis, mas efuZneboda 

saeklesio samarTali. es kreba saqarTvelos saxelmwifosa da qarTuli 

eklesiis urTierTTanamSromlobis kargi gamoxatulebaa. am krebas ara 

marto saeklesio, aramed saxelmwifo-samoqalaqo kanonmdeblobis Zalac 

hqonda. krebam moixsenia kidec saqarTvelos saxelmwifos meTaurebi da 

agreTve qarTuli eklesiis xelmZRvanelebi. kerZod, krebis `Zegliswera~ 

moixseniebs saqarTvelos patriarqs (mamamTavars) _ kaTalikos ioanes, evstaTi 

monazons (SeiZleba es iyos afxazeTis kaTalikosi), giorgi mwignobarTuxucess 

(Wyondidels) da arseni monazons. aqve `ZeglisweraSi~ sagangebodaa 

CarTuli arsen iyalToelis mimarTva mefisadmi _ daviT aRmaSeneblisadmi. 

126 zemoT moyvanilis gamo, arseni monazonis (beris) mier mefis, anda 

kaTalikosis brZanebiT daweril `wmida ninos cxovrebas~ da masze darTul 

qarTuli eklesiis mokle istorias hqonda dogmis mniSvneloba. is Seucvlelad 

unda yofiliyo aRiarebuli eklesiis mier, xolo yovelive sawinaaRmdego 

Tvalsazrisi iqneboda oficialurad uaryofili saxelmwifosa da eklesiis 

mier. amitomac, radgan arseni beri Tavis eklesiis istoriaSi gamoTqvams 

`qarTlis cxovrebis~ armenofiluri redaqciisagan kardinalurad gansxvavebul 

Tvalsazriss, SeiZleba iTqvas, rom es armenofiluri redaqcia da masSi


jafariZe 

gamoTqmuli mravali Tvalsazrisi uaryofili da miuRebeli iyo rogorc 

qarTuli eklesiis, aseve samefo karis mier (igulisxmeba arsenis epoqa). arseni 

saerTod ibrZoda monofizitobis gavlenis winaaRmdeg _ àman SeTxza 

erTbunebianTa wvalebisa da pirisdasayofeli werili, romel veraraisame 

RoniTa Zaledves somexTa pasuxisgebad~, _ wers i. bagrationi. 127 

arsen beri wmida ninos `cxovrebaSi~ wers, saWiroa vicodeT `Cven qarTvelni 

romelTa naTesavTa Svilni varT da `mefeni qarTvelTani~ vin iyvneno. 

Semdeg wers _ Cveni qveyana, Cvens mefes àzoves~ aleqsandre makedonelma 

`misca qveyana ese~. aleqsandre makedonelma qarTvelebs misca qveyana 

Semdegi sazRvrebiT _ `hereTi da egriswyali da somxeTi da mTa crolisa~. 128 

qarTvelebi gadmosaxldnen da daemkvidrnen swored am sazRvrebSi. 

am gadmosaxlebamde arseni beris azriT, qarTvelebi cxovrobdnen sxva 

qveyanaSi, romelsac àrian-qarTli~ erqva. aq maT hqondaT erovnuli saxelmwifo 

da mefeebic hyavdaT. am qarTvel mefeTa Svili iyo azove, romelmac 

qarTvelTa erTi nawili gadmoasaxla arian-qarTlidan da daasaxla 

axal qveyenaSi. qarTvelebi dasaxlebulan mdinare egriswylidan hereTis 

CaTvliT (an hereTamde), somxiTidan crolis mTamde. 

arseni beris Txzuleba uflebas iZleva iTqvas, rom qarTuli samociqulo 

eklesia ar iziarebda `qarTlis cxovrebis~ armenofilur redaqcias _ 

1. sazRvrebis Sesaxeb _ arsenis Tanaxmad, qarTvelTa qveynis dasavleTi 

sazRvari Tavdapirvelad gadioda mdinare egriswyalze. egriswylis aRmosavleTiT 

mdebare qveyana dasaxlebuli iyo qarTvelebiT, qarTvelTa naTesaviT, 

romelTa `Svilni varT~ Cven dRevandeli qarTvelebio, _ wers is _ 

`Cven qarTvelni Svilni varT maT arian-qarTliT gamosulTani da ena maTi 

uwyiT da yovelni mefeni qarTlisani amaT mefeTa SvilisSvilni arian~. 129 

Tvalsazrisi gansxvavdeba `leontis~ Tvalsazrisisagan; 2. megrelebi TviTve 

arian qarTvelebi, maTi deda ena qarTuli enaa _ es azri gamomdinareobs 

iqidan, rom qarTvelebi Tavidanve dasaxlebulni iyvnen mdinare egriswylis 

aRmosavleTiT, magram cnobilia CvenTvisac da arseni iyalToelisTvisac, 

rom am mdinaris aRmosavleTiT mimdebare teritoria istoriulad megrelebiT 

iyo dasaxlebuli, rogorc TviT am mdinaris saxelwodebac amJRavnebs. maSasadame, 

swored megrelebi, iseve rogorc saqarTvelos nebismieri kuTxis 

mkvidri mcxovrebni ègriswylidan hereTamde~, arian qarTvelebi. es Tvalsazrisic 

gansxvavdeba `leontis~ Tvalsazrisisagan, radganac `leontis~ 

azriT, qarTvelebi qarTlosis STamomavlebi arian da isini cxovrobdnen 

lixis mTis aRmosavleTiT, xolo megrelebi ki misi Zmis, sxva eTnarqis _ 

egrosis memkvidreni arian, isini ki mdinare mcire xazareTidan (mdinare 

yubanidan) vidre lixamde cxovrobdnen; 3. enis Sesaxeb. qarTvelTa Tavdapirveli 

ena eklesiis am Teoretikosis Tanaxmad, qarTuli iyo da ara 

somxuri, rogorc miaCnda `leonti mrovels~, ufro metic, arsenis Tanaxmad,


istoria 

695 

dasavleT saqarTveloSi mcxovrebi mosaxleobis dedaena qarTuli enaa, ise, 

rogorc aRmosavleT saqarTvelos mosaxleobisa. im qveynis mosaxleobis 

dedaena, romelsac aqvs sazRvrebi _ `hereTi da egriswyali, somxeTi da mTa 

crolisa~ _ dasabamidanve qarTulenovania, radganac _ `Cven qarTulni 

Svilni varT arian-qarTliT gamosulTani da maTi ena uwyiT~. aqedan Cans, 

rom arsen bers megruli ena miaCnia ara damoukidebel enad, aramed kilod 

da dialeqtad qarTuli enisa. marTlac, TiTqmis 800 wlis win, albaT megruli 

dialeqti didad ar gansxvavdeboda literaturuli qarTulisagan, 

samegreloSi qarTuli ena dedaenad miiCneoda; 4. saqarTveloSi qarTvelTa 

dasaxlebamde cxovrobda sxva veluri xalxi, romelic qarTvelTa gadmosaxlebis 

win aleqsandre makedonelma daamarcxa, nawili daxoca, xolo 

darCenilebi gadaasaxla CrdiloeT oseTis iqiT, iq sadac yivCaRni mkvidrobeno 

_ wers arseni _ aleqsandre makedonelma `...qalaqni da simagreni yovelni 

ucxoTeslTa maT gamouxvna, romelnime da sxvaTa simravle maTi uricxvi 

waravlina kedarsa mas, sada igi pirvelni miiyvana _ garegan oseTisa, da 

ars qveyana igi maRal da vrcel da simravle wyalTaA, sada igi mieriTgan 

mkvidroben didni igi naTesavni yivCaRTani~. 130 

maSasadame, saqarTveloSi mcxovrebi mosaxleoba, romelic aleqsandre 

makedonelma ixila, iyo ara qarTvelebi, aramed `...naTesavni igi sastikni 

warmarTTani, romelTa Cven aw bunTurqad da yivCaRad uwodT~. 131 eseni 

aleqsandrem CrdiloeTSi gadareka, xolo aq qarTvelebi daasaxla. 

es Tvalsazrisi srulebiT gansxvavdeba `leonti mrovelis~ Tvalsazrisisagan, 

romlis Tanaxmadac, TviT qarTvelebi iyvnen velurebi, romelnic 

ixila aleqsandrem. 

ucxoTeslTa gaJletisa da gadarekvis Semdeg aleqsandrem daiwyo qveynis 

Seneba _ `da TviT iwyo Senebad qveyanisa Cvensa, xolo hyva Tana azove, 

Ze arian-qarTlisa mefisaA, da misca qveyana ese Cveni sameufod da samkvidreblad 

da ganuCina sazRvari hereTi da egriswyali da somxiTi da mTa 

crolisa, da TviT warvida. 

xolo ese azove warvida arian-qarTlad mamisa Tvisisa da warmoiyvana 

muniT aTasi saxli mdabio da moqalaqe dedebiT, yrmebiTurT maTiT da kualad 

aTi saxli mTavarTagan palatisaTa dedebiT da yrmebiTurT maTiT. da maT Tana 

hyves kerpni RmerTad. da ese azove ars pirveli mefe qarTvelTaA, da amisa 

SvilisSvilTagan ocdamerve iyo mirian, romeli igi mxolod iqmna qristiane 

da mieriTgan yovelni mefeni qarTvelTani arian morwmune keTilad da Cven 

qarTvelni Svilni varT maT arian-qarTliT gamosulTani da maTi ena uwyiT. da 

yovelni mefeni qarTlisani amaT mefeTa SvilisSvilni arian~. 132 

rogorc zemoT moyvanilidan Cans, arseni monozani, anu rac igivea, qarTuli 

qalkedonuri eklesia, srulebiT uaryofda `qarTlis cxovrebaSi~ Semaval 

àmbavi mefeTanis~ armenofilur redaqcias, anu im redaqcias, romelic 

amJamad aRiarebulia.


jafariZe 

arseni asaxelebs kidec Tavis wyaroebs. mas gamouyenebia `moqcevaA 

qarTlisaA~ da àmbavi mefeTa~. is wers _ `wmidano mamano da Zmano, ese 

netarisa ninoAs cxovreba~ Seuwyobelad da ganbneulad `qarTlis moqcevasa~ 

Tana da `hambavsa mefeTasa~ Tana aRreulad sweria... arca Semimatebia da 

arca damiklia... yoveli WeSmariti da WeSmaritebiT aRwerili da wamebuli 

maT mier aha winaSe Tqvensa ars... ikiTxvideT da ersa warmoauTxrobdiT 

sadidebelad RmrTisa da pativisa misisa romlisa ars didebaA~. 133 

arseni wm. ninos cxovrebaze darTul qarTuli eklesiis mokle istoriis 

gadmocemisas, uSualod Txrobisas, wyarod asaxelebs `qarTlis cxovrebis 

wigns~. teqstidan srulebiT aSkarad Cans, rom `qarTlis cxovrebis wigns~ 

is iyenebs erekle keisrisa da arabTa Semosevamde (VII s.), amis Semdeg Cans, 

is iyenebs efrem mciris Txzulebas ùwyeba mizezsa qarTvelTa moqcevisasa~, 

Semdeg akritikebs berZen saeklesio moRvaweebs da iyenebs mTawmidelTa 

gamonaTqvamebs qarTvelTa ubiwo sarwmunoebis Sesaxeb. 

rogorc aRiniSna, wm. ninos `cxovrebis~ teqstisaTvis arsens gamouyenebia 

`qarTlis moqcevaA~ da `hambavi mefeTani~, xolo teqstze darTuli qarTvelTa 

da qarTuli eklesiis mokle istoriis gadmocemisas _ `qarTlis cxovrebis 

wigni~, kerZod, is aRwers, azoves Semdeg, vidre vaxtang gorgasalis CaTvliT 

istorias da agrZelebs _ àmisa Semdgomad friadni Wirni moiwines sparsTagan 

qarTvelTa zeda da friadni sulni moswyvidnes da qveyanani daipyrnes da 

friadni iwames saxelisaTvis qristesisa. romelTaime aRweril ars Cvens 

Soris da romelTaime aRuwerel daSTa, xolo yovelni aRweril arian 

wignsa mas cxovelTasa da winaSe RmrTisa ixareben. amas yovelsa `qarTlis 

cxovrebis~ wigni vrclad mogviTxrobs~ (iqve, gv. 48). e.i. sparselTa Semosevis 

Semdego, _ wers is _ qristianTa mowameobrivi Rvawli mxolod nawilobriv 

aRiwera, magram amis miuxedavad, maTi mowameoba sruliad aris aRwerili 

zecaTa `sicocxlis wignSio~ _ (`wignsa mas cxovelTasa~). amitomac, roca 

arsenic wers _ àmas yovelsa `qarTlis cxovrebis~ wigni vrclad mogviTxrobso~, 

_ gulisxmobs ara sparselTa Semosevis periods, aramed qarTveli xalxis 

istorias sparselTa Semosevamde _ V saukunis miwurulamde. 

maSasadame, is wyaro, romelsac arseni iyenebda Tavis istoriaSi azovedan 

vaxtang gorgaslis CaTvliT, yofila `qarTlis cxovrebis wigni~. 

Cans, redaqcia `qarTlis cxovrebisa~, romelsac iyenebda arsen iyalToeli, 

srulebiT gansxvavdeba CvenTvis cnobil `qarTlis cxovrebis~ armenofiluri 

redaqciisagan. arsens agreTve gamouyenebia wyarod `hambavni mefe- 

Tani~. cnobilia, rom `hambavni mefeTani~ `qarTlis cxovrebis~ Semadgeneli 

nawilia. aseve unda iTqvas, rom is redaqcia `hambavni mefeTanisa~, romelsac 

iyenebda arseni Tavis wyarod, srulebiT gansxvavdeba im armenofiluri 

redaqciisagan, romelsac Cven dRes vicnobT.


istoria 

697 

gansxvaveba armenofilur da Cveulebriv redaqciebs Soris Zalze didi 

yofila, kerZod, rogorc aRiniSna, gansxvavdebian erTmaneTisagan qarTvelTa 

eTnogenezisis, qarTvelTa Cvevebis, qarTvelTa qveynis sazRvrebis, qarTvel- 

Ta enisa da sxvaTa Sesaxeb. SexedulebaTa gansxvaveba arsebiTia. Cans, `moqcevaA 

qarTlisaAs~ Tvalsazrisi aRniSnul sakiTxebze msgavsi iyo `hambavni 

mefeTanis~ araarmenofiluri redaqciis Tvalsazrisisa. 

unda vigulisxmoT, rom XII saukuneSi, arsen iyalToelis dros arsebobda 

`qarTlis cxovrebis~ (àmbavi mefeTanis~) iseTi redaqcia, romelic araarmenofiluri 

da sayovelTaod misaRebi iyo. Cans, es araarmenofiluri `qarTlis 

cxovrebis wigni~ (ase uwodebs mas arsen iyalToeli) Seicavda qarTvelTa 

istorias uZvelesi droidan VII saukunemde. es wyaro gamouyenebia arsen 

bers, rasac aRniSnavs kidec _ àmas yovelsa qarTlis cxovrebis wigni 

vrclad mogviTxrobs~. 

Tuki arsebobda `qarTlis cxovrebis wignis~ araarmenofiluri redaqcia, 

ratom ar moaRwia Cvenamde? Cvenamde ar moaRwia saerTo-saxalxo-sakiTxavi 

wignis _ `vefxistyaosani~-s XII-XIV saukuneebis xelnawerebma. isini daikargnen 

monRolTa Semosevisas, Cans, aseve daikarga `qarTlis cxovrebis~ araarmenofiluri 

redaqciac. xolo am wignis armenofiluri redaqcia, romelic 

albaT, adreve arsebobda monofiziti qarTvelebis saWiroebisaTvis, Semoinaxes 

monofizitebma, sadRac somxeTis somxur monasterSi. cnobilia, rom 

saqarTvelos monofizituri nawili (igulisxmeba mxargrZelebisadmi daqvemdebarebuli 

qveynebi) ubrZolvelad danebda monRolebs, SemdgomSic am qveynebSi 

SedarebiT simSvide sufevda. mxargrZelebis ojaxi qarTvelobda da 

amave dros somxobda kidec. Cans, aseve iyvnen qarTveli monofizitebi. isini 

arc qarTvelobas Tmobdnen da arc somxobas. `qarTlis cxovrebis~ armenofiluri 

redaqcia maT midrekileba-ganwyobas srulebiT Seefereboda. 

ara marto saqarTvelos zogierTi kuTxe iyo armenizebuli, aramed Cveni 

mezobeli albaneTis zogierTi nawilic. 

armenizebul albanelebsac hyavdaT TavianTi erovnuli istorikosi, romelic 

erTdroulad albaneli patriotic iyo da somexi patriotic. es iyo mose 

kalankatueli. miuxedavad imisa, rom is albaneli iyo, yovelive somxurs 

albanurze maRla ayenebda. is werda kidec ara albanur, aramed somxur 

enaze _ àkad. s. eremianis Tanaxmad, moses kalankatuacis Txzuleba imitom 

daiwera somxur enaze, rom mose warmoSobiT albaneTis armenizebuli olqidan 

iyo~. 134 

albanelTa msgavsad, saqarTvelos armenizebuli olqebis (ara bolomde 

armenizebulis, igulisxmeba tao _ da qvemo qarTli, hereTi) qarTvelTa 

ufro metad gasomxebis mizniT, albaT, adreve moxda `qarTlis cxovrebis 

wignis~ (àmbavi mefeTani~) armenizacia. radganac es wigni mxolod VII s-is 

Sua wlebamde Seicavda qarTvelTa istorias (heraklemde _ `qarTlis cx-


jafariZe 

ovrebis wigni~ vrclad mogviTxrobs àmisa Semdgomad gamovida mefe herekle~ 

arseni beri, (iqve, gv, 48)), amitom unda vifiqroT, rom `qarTlis cxovrebis 

wignis~ armenofiluri redaqtireba moxda VI saukuneSi an VII saukunis 

dasawyisSi, Tumca isic SesaZlebelia, rom es moxda Sida qarTlze somex 

mefeTa eqspansiis dros _ VIII-X saukuneebSi. Sida qarTlze Tu ra Zlieri 

zegavlena hqonda somxeTs VIII-X saukuneebSi, amis Sesaxeb mogviTxrobs a. 

abdalaZe Tavis wignSi _ àmierkavkasiis politikur erTeulTa urTierToba 

IX-XI saukuneebSi~. 

unda vifiqroT, rom `qarTlis cxovrebis~ àmbavi mefeTanis~ dReisaTvis 

cnobili redaqcia dawerilia mose kalankatuelis msgavsad armenizebuli 

qarTvelis mier somxuri eklesiis mrevlad qceul qarTvelTaTvis (somxuri 

eklesiis mrevlad iqcnen armenizebuli albanelebic). es redaqcia 

miuRebeli iyo saqarTvelos samociqulo eklesiisaTvis da is ar gamoiyena 

qarTuli eklesiis erT-erTma meTaurma arsen iyalToelma qarTuli eklesiis 

istoriis mokled aRweris dros. 

arsebobdnen Tu ara armenizebuli qarTvelebi da hyavda Tu ara somxur 

eklesias qarTuli mrevli? 

Cans, es sakiTxi ukve Seswavlili aqvT somex istorikosebs, magaliTad, g. 

ter-mkrtiCiani fiqrobs, rom koriuni (an agaTangelosi) qarTveli iyo. `rogorc 

iv. javaxiSvili wers _ g. ter-mkrtiCians agaTangelozi da koriuni identur 

pirebad miaCnda da fiqrobda rom koriuni `... qarTvelTa, anu qarTvelsomexTa 

episkoposi iyo ...iqneb qarTvelic ki...~ 135 

TviT n. mari werda, rom tao-klarjeTis qarTveluri mosaxleoba somxdeboda 

VIII saukunemde. marTlac, aqauri mosaxleoba namdvilad ganicdida armenizaciis 

process. aqauri iyo nerse iSxneli _ Semdgom kaTalikosi somxuri 

eklesiisa, SeiZleba armenizebuli qarTveli da amitomac is simpaTiiT 

ixsenieba giorgi merCules mier. netars uwodebs, aseve qarTul eklesiaSi 

miRebuli sakiTxavic `wmidisa yrmaTa orTa ZmaTa daviTisa da tariWanisa~ 

mas `netar did nerses~ uwodebs _ `maSin viTarca euwya saqme ese wmidasa 

mamasa Cvensa nerses kaTalikozsa somxiTisasa, rameTu TviT hxedvida igi 

iSxniT sakvirvelebasa da brwyinvalebasa... srbiT moiwia divris~. 136 

`daviT da tariWanis martvilobidan~ Cans, 

rom tao Tavisi saeklesio centr iSxaniT 

da, cxadia, mis samxreTiT mdebare teritoriebiT, 

romelzedac Semdeg aSenda bana, 

xaxuli, oSki _ 650-ian wlebSi nerse kaTalikosis 

dros, Sedioda somxeTis eklesia- 

Si, magram es ar niSnavs imas, rom es mxare 

somxebiT iyo dasaxlebuli, piriqiT, aq cxovrobdnen 

qarTvelebi, romelnic iyvnen mrev-


istoria 

699 

li somxuri eklesiisa. aq saeklesio ena iyo somxuri ena, xolo ojaxis ena 

_ qarTuli. TavianTi Tavi miaCndaT qarTvelebad (VII saukuneSi), xolo 

berZnebi am mxares _ ìverias~ uwodebdnen. TviT somexi mematianeebic ki am 

mxares `qarTvelTa~ mxares uwodebdnen VII s-Si ioane mamikonianis matianedan 

irkveva, rom me-7 s-Si mesxeTis mxareebi (da klarjeTi) qarTul 

mxares warmoadgenda. 137 am matianedan irkveva: 1. `VII saukuneSi mesxeTi 

Woroxidan vanandamde, klarjeTis CaTvliT, samflobeloa vaSden `qarTvel- 

Ta (iverielTa) mTavrisa~, vaSdenis Zea jojiki `qarTvelTa (iverielTa) 

mTavari~. 138 am qarTvel mTavrebs prosparsuli (anu prosomxuri) orientacia 

hqondaT da es antiberZnuli tao da klarjeTi qarTvelebiT dasaxlebuli 

qveyana iyo. taoSi VIII saukunemde cxovrobda somxuri eklesiis 

samwysoSi Semavali qarTuli mosaxleoba somxuri saeklesio eniT. marTalia, 

tao da klarjeTi qalkedonituri midrekilebisa iyvnen, magram somxurma 

eklesiam taoel qarTvelTa Tavis gavlenis qveS moqceva imiT SeZlo, 

rom erekle keisris Semdeg is ùniaturi~, anu TiTqmis qalkedonituri gaxda. 

ufro adre ki, VII saukunis dasawyisSi kirionisa da abraam kaTalikosis 

epoqaSi taos erTi nawili qarTuli eklesiis iurisdiqciaSi Sedioda, sadac 

arseni safarelis Tanaxmad gadasaxlebula abraam somexTa kaTalikosis 

mier devnili qalkedonit somex samRvdeloTa nawili. safiqrebelia, rom 

somxuri eklesiis mier ùniis~ aRiarebis Semdeg isini ukanve dabrundnen. 

Cans, somxuri eklesiis wevr qarTvels ekuTvnis somexTa ganmanaTleblis 

wmida grigoris cxovrebis arabuli teqsti (Targmani). am arabul teqstSi 

gamovlenilia uamravi qarTuli sityva da agreTve qarTuli warmomavlobis 

geografiuli saxelebi. avtori icnobs da wers qarTuli eklesiis Sesaxebac. 

is dainteresebulia qarTuli eklesiiT, mxolod avtoris (mTargmnelis) 

qarTuli erovnebiT SeiZleba aixsnas mis mier qarTuli sityvebis xmareba 

da ara iseTi garTulebuli sqemiT, rogoric es n. marma warmoadgina. 139 

rogorc iTqva, somxuri eklesiis wevri iyo TviT kirionic qarTlis 

kaTalikosad gamorCevamde. 

`qarTvelTa episkoposi~ hqvia mose gugarqis (curtavel) episkoposs, romelic 

somxuri eklesiis wevrad miiCnevs Tavis Tavs kirionis dros. 

qarTvelTa gadaqceva somxuri eklesiis mrevlad, savaraudoa, IV s-is 

bolosa da V s-is dasawyisSi e.w. `berZnul somxeTSic~. aRniSnul dros 

bizantiam `berZnul somxeTSi~ somxur eklesias neba darTo gaevrcelebina 

somxuri anbani da somxurenovani wirva-locva; 140 berZnul somxeTSi, somex- 

Ta garda, cxadia, bevri qarTvelic cxovrobda, radganac es mxare istoriul 

kapadokiaSi mdebareobda da kesaria-kapadokiis (pontos diocezis) nawili 

iyo, sadac (kapadokiaSi) saerTod qarTvelebi cxovrobdnen (qarTvel mecnierTa 

Tanaxmad). kapadokiaSi mcxovrebi qarTvelebi, cnobilia, rom gaberZndnen 

_ qarTvelTa erTi nawili ki SeiZleba `somexi~ gaxda, anu wevri


jafariZe 

somxuri eklesiisa. etyoba, aqvs raRac safuZveli g. ter-mkrtiCians, roca is 

agaTangelozs da koriuns identur pirebad miiCnevs da qarTvelad Tvlis. 

Cans, somxur eklesiaSi ukve koriunis dros qarTveli mrevlic arsebobda. 

Cans, gugarqSi mcxovrebi `somxurenovani~ mrevli, romelic ase xSirad 

ixsenieba èpistoleTa wignSi~, erovnebiT qarTveli iyo saeklesio somxurenovani 

wirva-locviT (albanelTa msgavsad). istoriuli provinciebi: 

gaCiani, gardabani, kuxeTi, romelnic Sediodnen hereTsa da gugarqSi 

qarTvelebiT dasaxlebuli iyo. maTi eTnarqebi iyvnen qarTlosis Svilebi _ 

gardabos, kuxos da gaCiosi. 141 

aseve yofila taoSic da mesxeTis zogierT sxva kuTxeSi VIII saukunemde. 

marTalia, qarTvelebs aRniSnul mxareebSi miuRiaT somxurenovani wirvalocva 

da zogierTni ki somxuri eklesiis wevrnic gamxdaran, magram maT 

kargad scodniaT, rom isini gvar-tomobiT da erovnebiT qarTvelebi iyvnen 

da ara somxebi (aseve icodnen armenizebulma albanelebma, rom isini erovnebiT 

albanelebi iyvnen da ara somxebi). swored amitom isini Semdeg deda 

eklesias daubrundnen. 

Cans, Zvel saqarTveloSi somxuri eklesiis wevr qarTvels uwodebdnen 

`sarwmunoebiT somexs~. amis Tqmis uflebas iZleva grigol bakurianis erTi 

cnoba, romelic SeiZleba ase gavigoT, rom me naTesaviT qarTveli var, 

magram myavs `sarwmunoebiT somexi~ msaxurebio _ `...vinaAca menebos, naTesav- 

Ta CemTa da msaxurTa CemTa daRacaTu somexni iyvnen sarwmunoebiTa~. 142 

SeiZleba, grigol bakuriani `sarwmunoebiT somexis~ qveS gulisxmobdes 

Tavis msaxurs, magram es msaxuri (Tu naTesavi)~ gvariT e.i. erovnebiT ki ar 

aris `somexi~, aramed `sarwmunoebiT~. grigol bakuriani kargad asxvavebs 

erTmaneTisagan erovnebiT somexsa da sarwmunoebiT somexs. erovnebasa da 

sarwmunoebas kargad rom asxvavebs erTmaneTisagan, es iqidan Cans, rom Tavisi 

Tavis (da saZmos) daxasiaTebisas is arasodes ar wers, me `sarwmunoebiT 

qarTveli~ varo, aramed yovelTvis wers _ me erovnebiT `naTesaviT~, `gvariT~ 

var qarTvelio. 

`qarTvelni varT naTesaviT mxneni da medgrobiT aRzrdilni~. `monazonni 

monastrisa Cemisani guarad qarTvelni arian~. 143 

grigol bakurians naTesavebi da msaxurebi qarTvelebic hyolia, `naTesav- 

Ta da msaxurTa CemTa qarTvelTao~, wers is, magram amaTgan zogierTi 

SeiZleboda, rom `sarwmunoebiT somexi~ yofiliyo _ `vinaAca menebos, naTesavTa 

CemTa da msaxurTa CemTa, daRaTu somexni iyvnen sarwmunoebiT~. 

swored erovnebiT qarTvelebisaTvis, magram `sarwmunoebiT somxebisaTvis~, 

anu rac igivea, grigoriani qarTvelebis saWiroebisaTvis unda redaqtirebuliyo 

`qarTlis cxovrebis~ Sesavali teqstebi armenofilebis mier. 

rogorc sxva TavebSi aRiniSna, hereTSi, gugarqsa da mesxeTis zogierT 

mxareSi (sxvadasxva saukuneebSi somxuri eklesiis gavlenis sferoSi moq-


istoria 

701 

ceul qarTvel mrevls aswavlidnen somxur anbans da maT eklesiebSic 

somxurad iyo wirva-locva. cnobilia, rom mcxeTis jvris taZarSi aRmoCnda 

qva somxuri warweriT (grafiti, amokawruli warwera), aseve, mcxeTis jvrisa 

da atenis sionis qvis filebze arsebobs somxuri asoebi, amokveTili 

qvismTlelebis mier. esaa qvismTlelTa niSnebi, anu damRebi. `Tu qvismTlelTa 

niSnebi _ somxuri asoebi niSnavs, rom xelosani iyo somexi da es niSani 

misi inicialia, maSin am SemTxvevaSi qvismTlelTa da xelosanTa Soris 

jvarze da aseve atenSi iyo somexTa garkveuli ricxvi~. 144 ufro metic, am 

niSnebsa da grafitze dayrdnobiT iseTi mosazrebac ki gamoiTqva, rom 

jvris taZris arqiteqtori somexi iyo. 145 

rogorc vTqviT, hereTis, gugarqis da mesxeTis nawilis qarTveloba `somxurenovani~ 

iyo, e.i. maT eklesiebSi wirva-locva aRniSnul saukuneSi somxurad 

tardeboda. aqedan gamomdinare, mosaxleobam icoda somxuri werakiTxva. 

somxuri iswavleboda, qarTuli akrZaluli iyo. amitomac mcxeTis 

jvarsa da atenis sionze arsebuli somxuri asoebi (da warwerebic) SeiZleba 

imasac uCvenebdes, rom aq hereTidan, gugarqidan da taodan Camosuli 

qarTveli xelosnebic muSaobdnen, romelnic maTTvis cnobil anbans (somxurs) 

iyenebdnen. 

i. abulaZe Tvlis, rom dabali fenis qarTvel da somex morwmuneebs ar 

gauwyvetiaT urTierTkavSiri. epistoleTa wignis Tanaxmad, qarTvelebi somxeTis 

mTavar eklesiasa da sxva eklesiebSi loculobdnen. dabali fenebi 607-609 

wlebis Semdegac TavianT wess ar Secvlidnen. 146 

somxuri eklesiis wevr qarTvelTa arsebobiT unda aixsnas is faqti, rom 

maT qarTul wignebze TavianTi saeklesio eniT (somxuriT) minawerebi gaukeTebiaT. 

am garemoebiT aixsneba arseboba somxuri minawerebisa jruWis oTx- 

Tavze, Satberdis krebulsa, an miqael modrekilis sagaloblebze. da ara 

imiT, TiTqosda es minawerebi e.w. `qalkedoniki somxebis~ gakeTebuli iyos. 

qarTvelTa kulturuli armenizacia mxolod XI saukunisaTvis SeiZleboda 

rom dasrulebuliyo, somexTa Zlieri saxelmwifos gauqmebisa da qarTvelTa 

erTiani saxelmwifos daarsebis Semdeg. kulturulad armenizebul qarTvelTa 

saWiroebisaTvis Seqmnila `qarTlis cxovrebis~ àmbavi mefeTanis~ armenofiluri 

redaqcia. maSasadame, unda vivaraudoT, rom arsebobda àmbavi mefe- 

Tanis~ orgvari redaqcia _ armenofiluri da Cveulebrivi. àmbavi mefeTanis~ 

`Cveulebrivi~ redaqcia Tavdapirveli iyo, xolo Semdgom am redaqciis 

armenofilebis mier gadamuSavebis Sedegad miRebul iqna is redaqcia, 

romelmac moaRwia Cvenamde. 

rodis iqna redaqtirebuli armenofilebis mier àmbavi mefeTani~? cnobilia, 

rom am redaqciaSi moi poveba cnoba, romlis Tanaxmad qarTuli 

mwignobroba Seqmna mefe farnavazma da ara mesrop maStocma. es cnoba imiT 

aris mniSvnelovani, rom miuxedavad am Txzulebis sruli armenizaciisa,


jafariZe 

redaqtorebs ar SeucvliaT cnoba farnavazis mier qarTuli mwignobrobis 

Seqmnis Sesaxeb. qarTuli anbanis mesrop maStocis mier Seqmnis legenda 

Camoyalibda mogvianebiT X-XIII saukuneebSi (ix. epistoleTa wigni, z. aleqsiZis 

Sesavali, gv. 46). amitomac unda vivaraudoT, rom `qarTlis cxovreba~ 

armenofilebis mier redaqtirebul iqna mesrop maStocis mier qarTuli 

anbanis Seqmnis Teoriis Camoyalibebamde, radganac imdenad armenofiluria 

`qarTlis cxovreba~, rom SeuZlebelia aRniSnuli Teoria arsebuliyo da 

mis redaqtors ar amoegdo iqidan farnavazis mier qarTuli mwignobrobis 

Seqmnis cnoba. maSasadame, unda vivaraudoT, rom `qarTlis cxovreba~ (àmbavi 

mefeTani~) armenofilebis mier redaqtirebul iqna X saukunemde. 

saqarTvelos gaerTianebisa da Zlieri qarTuli saxelmwifos arsebobis 

dros XI-XIII saukuneSi armenofilur wreebs qarTvelTa augad xseneba ukve 

aRar SeeZloT. am saukuneebSi, roca qarTveli eri Tavs iwonebda erovnuli 

kulturis aRorZinebiT, aarsebda `sxva aTinasa~ da àxal ierusalims~, 

mecnierebisa da sulieri kulturis msoflio mniSvnelobis kerebs, aRaravis 

SeeZlo qarTvelTa winaprebisaTvis veluroba da kaciWamioba (gvamis mWamebloba) 

daewamebina. amitomac am dros warmoudgenelia, SeTxzuliyo `qarTlis 

cxovrebis~ armenofiluri Txzulebebi. ufro metic, cnobili, dawyebuli 

XI saukunidan TiTqmis xelaxla ìTargmna~ yvela is qarTuli saeklesio 

wigni, romelic odesRac somxuridan Targmnili anda redaqtirebuli iyo. 

somxuri eklesia da somxeTic ki ukve TviTve gaxda augad saxsenebeli 

qarTvelTa mier. magaliTad, giorgi mTawmideli somxur sarwmunoebas dascinoda 

bizantiis imperatoris winaSe, xolo ruis-urbnisis Zeglisweram somex- 

Ta da sxvaTa saxelmwifos dangrevis mizezad sodomuri codvebi miiCnia. 

XI-XIII saukuneebSi saqarTveloSi miuRebeli iyo yovelgvari armenofiluri 

Tvalsazrisi. am dros `qarTlis cxovrebis~ CvenTvis cnobili armenofiluri 

Txzulebis dawera, albaT, SeuZlebelia da leonti mrovelic, Seu- 

Zlebelia, iyos avtori àmbavi mefeTanisa~. 

àmbavi mefeTani~ uZveles drosve arsebobda, xolo X saukunemde is 

redaqtirebul iqna armenofilTa mier. 

`qarTlis cxovrebis~ Sesavlis ukve arsebulma armenofilurma redaqciam 

Tavi Seafara somxeTs. is Targmnes kidec somxurad am dros (XI-XIII ss) 

somxeTSi TavSefarebuli es redaqcia saqarTveloSi aravis sWirdeboda. 

am wignis (redaqciis) bedi Seicvala saqarTvelos saxelmwifos daSladasustebisa 

(XV) da saqarTveloSi grigorianuli eklesiis gavlenis aRorZinebis 

Semdeg. rogorc aRniSnuli iyo, sparseTi da osmaleTi XVI-XVIII 

saukuneebSi ebrZodnen qarTul marTlmadideblur eklesias. qarTvelTa 

mrevli mesxeTSi osmalebma daumorCiles konstantinopolis berZnul da 

somxur sapatriarqoebs. osmalebis mier Sida qarTlis dapyrobis dros aq 

somxuri eklesiis gavlena Zlier gaizarda. sparseTic XVI saukunis Sem-


istoria 

703 

deg aseve didi siyvaruliT ekideboda somxebis grigorianul eklesias. 

somxebs uSenebdnen eklesiebsa da qalaqebs (mag. julfaSi), misces yovelgvari 

SeRavaTi da daxmareba. somxebi moqalaqeobrivad sparselebs gauTanabres, 

amave dros ki, qarTuli eklesiis mrevls atyvevebdnen, sparseTis siRrmeSi 

asaxlebdnen, anadgurebdnen. sparseTis politika saqarTveloSi iTvaliswinebda 

somexTa yovelgvar SeRavaTs. aseT situaciaSi saqarTveloSi XVI-XVIII ss-Si 

kvlav gaCnda somxuri eklesiis qarTuli mrevli. gansakuTrebiT bevri qarTveli 

grigoriani cxovrobda Sida da qvemo qarTlSi, kaxeTsa da mesxeTSi. 

swored am dros, saqarTveloSi qarTveli grigorianuli mrevlis gaCenis 

dros, maTi armenizaciis daCqarebis mizniT moZebnili iqna da xelaxla 

gamoCnda `qarTlis cxovrebis~ armenofiluri redaqcia. 

rostom mefe, romelic sparseTis warmomadgeneli iyo saqarTveloSi, yovel 

Rones xmarobda sparsuli politikis gatarebisaTvis. sparsuli politika 

ki yovelmxriv xels uwyobda somxur eklesias, somex vaWar-xelosanamqarTa 

gaZlierebas mTel sparseTSi da maT Soris saqarTveloSic. rostomi 

prosomxuri orientaciisa iyo, sparseTis interesebidan gamomdinare. 

Cans, amitomac rostomis samefo karze yuradReba miaqcies `qarTlis cxovrebis~ 

Sesavlis armenofilur redaqcias da rostomis meuRlem, mariam 

dedofalma, misi gadaweris SekveTa misca. 

am droisaTvis ukve dakarguli iyo `qarTlis cxovrebis~ Sesavlis `Cveulebrivi~ 

redaqcia da mxolod armenofiluri arsebobda, magram es armenofiluri 

redaqcia misaRebi iyo qarTveli marTlmadideblebisaTvis, maT 

Soris mariam dedoflisaTvisac, radganac ukeTesi aRar arsebobda. 

ivane javaxiSvili farsadan gorgijaniZis ìstoriis~ ganxilvisas wers, 

rom TviT ganaTlebul qarTvelebsac ki erovnuli istoriis Sesaxeb Zalze 

mciredi warmodgena hqondaT da `qarTlis cxovreba~ arc ki enaxaT. farsadan 

gorgijaniZe rostom mefis karze iyo aRzrdili, `rostom mefem 

viTac Svili gamzarda da mravali wyaloba dammarTa...~ _ wers is, 147 

`swored ganmacvifrebeli da daujerebeli ramaa, rom saistorio cnobebi 

imdroindel saqarTvelos ganaTlebul wreebs, romelTa jgufs, ueWvelia, 

ekuTvnoda rostom mefis maxlobeli kaci, istorikosi farsadan gorgijaniZe, 

saqarTvelos istoria ase maxinjad hqoniaT dazepirebuli!.. vaxtang gorgasali 

mirian mefis Svili iyoo. es SemTxveviTi Secdoma ar aris, avtori 

srulebiT darwmunebuli yofila, rom mirian mefe vaxtang gorgaslis mama 

iyo. Tu aseTs maRalxarisxovans da mefis maxlobel moxeles da istorikoss, 

rogoric iyo farsadan gorgijaniZe, ase domxaliviT hqonda areuli samSoblo 

qveynis warsuli da Tavgadasavali, ase zRaprulad hqonda warmodgenili 

qarTuli saukeTeso wyaroebi aramcTu wakiTxuli, TvaliTac ki nanaxi ara 

hqonia, maS danarCens xalxs, Cveulebrivs, SuaTana SeZlebisa da codnis 

patrons, raRa warmodgena unda hqonoda? rasakvirvelia, araferi!... 148


jafariZe 

swored zemoT aRniSnulis gamo, `qarTlis cxovrebis~ armenofiluri 

nusxis aRmoCena namdvili zeimi unda yofiliyo im drois qarTvelTaTvis _ 

sayovelTao ucodinarobas erovnuli istoriisas `qarTlis cxovreba~ avsebda. 

qarTvel grigorianebs ki gaaxarebda `qarTlis cxovrebis~ àmbavi mefe- 

Tani~ Tavisi armenofiluri tendenciebis gamo. Cans, armenofilebs kidev 

erTxel uredaqtirebiaT is da kidev ufro gaumZafrebiaT armenofiluri 

tendenciebi. 

qarTvel grigorianebs XVI-XVIII saukuneebSi, Tumca samSoblosa da eris 

didi siyvaruli hqondaT da TavianT Tavs `qarTvelad~, anda `saqarTvelos 

Svilad~ Tvlidnen, magram isini uyoymanod aRiarebdnen somxuri kulturisa 

da istoriis upiratesobas. magaliTad, `farsadan gorgijaniZe q. goriTgana 

yofila. Tavis Tavs igi musulmanTa samarTlis wignSi `jami abasis~ qarTuls 

TargmanSi qarTvels uwodebs. broses ki hgonia, rom igi somexi unda yofiliyo. 

SesaZlebelia, miT umetes, rom misi nawarmoebis pirvel nawilSi somxeTis 

istoriis ambebs sapatio adgili aqvs daTmobili~. 149 

marTalia, is gaqarTvelebul somxad miiCneva, magram piriqiT, is `grigoriani~ 

qarTvelia, anu gasomxebuli qarTveli. mas musulmanobac miuRia, 150 

magram am dros is mainc gasomxebuli qarTvelia. im dros, rogorc n. 

irbaxi da mravali TviTmxilveli werda, saqarTveloSi yoveldRiurad mravali 

qarTveli somxdeboda, rogorc maRali, ise dabali wodebisa, gansakuTrebiT 

ki somxdebodnen qarTveli yma-glexebi (somexi mebatonisa) da tyveobisagan 

gamoxsnili (somexTa mier) _ qarTvelebi. es is droa, roca Sah-abasi da 

sxva (mis wina da mis Semdeg) sparsi Tu osmalo mmarTvelebi qarTvelebs 

atyvevebdnen, saqarTvelos aoxrebdnen, qarTul eklesias ebrZodnen. amave 

dros ki Sah-abasi da sxvebi iranis dedaqalaqSi (ispahanis ubanSi _ julfaSi) 

somxebs eklesiebs uSenebdnen; somxur eklesiebs iranel ostatebs 

alamazebinebdnen da evropel ostatebs axatvinebdnen, magaliTad, `rac Seexeba 

`vanqis~ eklesias, igi Tavisi arqiteqturuli gadawyvetiT, mooqrouli 

WeriTa da gumbaTiT, daxvewili gemovnebiT Sesrulebuli mxatvrobiT, julfis 

yvelaze mniSvnelovan TvalsaCino Zegls warmoadgens. `vanqis~ eklesiis 

xuroTmoZRvreba da kedlis ornamenti, moxatuloba iranel ostatebs ekuTvniT, 

xolo siuJeturi kompoziciebi evropel fermwerTa mieraa Sesrulebuli... 151 

amave dros ki sionis meCeTad gadaqcevas cdilobdnen. aseT epoqaSi 

somexTa gaqarTveleba warmoudgenelia, xolo qarTvelTa gasomxebis Sesaxeb 

TviTmxilveli evropeli misionerebi da qarTveli moRvaweebi werdnen. 

gasomxebuli qarTveli farsadan gorgijaniZe wers saqarTvelos, misi 

samSoblos istorias, magram armenofiluri tendenciiT. Tavis saqarTvelos 

istoriis pirvel nawilSi somxeTis istoriis ambebs sapatio adgili dauTmo, 

aRwera somexTa Trdat mefis ambavi: `...romlis Semdgom me-9 gverdamde 

somxeTis istoriis mokle cnobebia moyvanili. mere me-10 gverdze moTxrobilia


istoria 

705 

sul mokled bagrationTa mosvla saqarTveloSi, maTi gaqarTveleba...~ 152 

(`...daviT gabatonda somexTa qoronikons...~, `...aqamadisan rom somxobas ukan 

batonoba uqniaT qarTvelobaSigan...~ `somexT qordass...~ `somexi qoronikoniT~ 

`somexTcxovreba~, `somexT xelmwife~, es da sxva msgavsi winadadebebi xSirad 

gvxvdeba mis istoriaSi). mis saqarTvelos istoriaSi wina planzea somxeTi 

da somexTa Tavgadasavals Zalze sapatio adgili uWiravs. am mxriv misi 

Txzuleba Zalze hgavs àmbavi mefeTanis~ armenofilur redaqcias. 

Cans, swored farsadan gorgijaniZis msgavs qarTvel moRvaweebs xelaxla 

uredaqtirebiaT `qarTlis cxovreba~ vaxtang VI-is epoqaSi. 

erTmaneTs Seadares vaxtangamde (vaxtangis winare _ e.w. `Zveli qarTlis 

cxovrebisa~) da vaxtangis Semdgomi (.e.w. àxali qarTlis cxovreba~) teqstebi, 

romelnic aleqsandre makedonelis saqarTveloSi laSqrobas Seexeba. 

vaxtangis Semdgomi `qarTlis cxovrebis~ saanalizo teqstebi miuTiTeben, 

rom maTSi Zalze gamZafrebulia qarTvelTa augi, kerZod, axal redaqtorebs 

`leonti mrovelisad~ miCneul teqstSi CaurTavT zedmeti adgilebi 

qarTvelTa bilw CvevaTa warmoCenisaTvis. 

magaliTad, vaxtangis winare redaqciebis Tanaxmad, aleqsandre `movida 

qarTlad da pova yovelni qarTvelni uborotes yovelTa naTesavTa sjuliTa. 

rameTu col-qmrobisa da siZvisaTvis ara uCnda naTesaoba, yovelsasa 

suliersa sWamdes, mkvdars SeSWamdes~, _ amiT am redaqciebSi mTavrdeba 

qarTvelTa augi da iwyeba sxva ambavi vaxtangis Semdgom redaqciebSi (s. 

yauxCiSvilis mier, 1955 wels dabeWdili `qarTlis cxovreba~) qarTvelTa 

augi grZeldeba ase `...yovelsa suliersa Wamdes, mkvdrisa SesWamdes, vi- 

Tarca mxecni da pirutyvni, romelTa qcevisa warmoTqma uxm ars da ixilna 

ra ese naTesavni sastikni warmarTni, romelTa igi Cven bunTurgad da 

yivCaRad uwodT, msdgareni mdinaresa mas mtkvrisasa mixveviT~. 153 

`mrovelis teqstSi amis win naTqvami iyo, rom qarTlSi Semosulma aleqsandrem 

hpovna `yovelni qarTvelni uborotes yovelTa naTesavTa sjuliTa~. 

gamodis, TiTqos bun-Turqad da yivCaRad wodebulni sastikni naTesavni 

iyvnen `yovelni qarTvelni~. 154 

ase amZafrebs axali redaqtori XVI saukunis Semdgom qarTvelTa augs. 

mas Tavis wyarod, q. cxadaZis gamokvlevis Tanaxmad, gamouyenebia arsen 

beris Txzuleba, magram aRsaniSnavia, rom arsen beri saZraxis Cvevebs 

miawerda ara qarTvelebs, aramed qarTvelebis mosvlamde saqarTveloSi 

mcxovreb sxva xalxs, xolo axalma redaqtorma es Tvisebebi qarTvelebze 

gadaitana. Teimuraz bagrationi kategoriulad uaryofda imis SesaZleblobas, 

rom qarTvelebs msgavsi Cveva hqondaT. 

`Teimurazi kategoriulad acxadebs, àraQWeSmarit ars~ da mravali uarsayofi 

argumentis moyvanis Semdeg mtkiced askvnis, rom amisi msgavsi 

Cveuleba aramc Tu qarTlosianTa Soris, aramed saerTod aziis erTa Sorisac 

arasodes yofilao~. 155


jafariZe 

zogierT mkvlevarTa azriT, qarTvelni aseTi saZageli Cvevebis mqoned 

miiCnies qarTvelma saeklesio pirebma garkveuli mizniT èklesiisa Cvenisa 

moZRvarni uZagebdes maT gardavlilTa winaparTa maTTa da maTsa ityodes 

mravalTa uwesoTa qcevaTa da arawmidaTa da mkvdarTa Wamasa xorcsa kacisasa... 

raTa qristes sarwmunoebasa zeda moqceulTa erTa SeiZulon Cveulebani 

da zneni winaparTa kerpTmsaxurebisani~ (Teimuraz bagrationis azria). 156 

marTalia, nikoloz gulaberiZe werda, gaqristianebamde qarTvelebi ùmZvinvaresni 

da uveluresni~ iyvneno, magram miuxedavad amisa, ar SeiZleba 

gaziarebul iqnas Teimurazis mosazreba. ara qarTuli eklesiis moZRvrebma 

daxates qarTvelTa winaprebi velurebad, aramed im Zalebma, romelnic 

saqarTvelos saxelmwifosa da eklesiis dasustebisas cdilobdnen qarTvelTa 

sxva xalxSi asimilacia gaeadvilebinaT. 

qarTvelTa erovnuli siamayis Sesusteba survili iyo ucxo Zalebisa 

rTuli politikuri situaciis dros. 

`qarTlis cxovrebis~ xelaxla gamocemis dros sasurvelia masSi aRar Sevides 

is Seuracxmyofeli CanarTebi, romelnic ganekuTvneba vaxtang VI-is Semdgom 

epoqas, miT umetes, rom mari broses mier gamocemul `qarTlis cxovrebasa~ da 

mis frangul TargmanSi am CanarTebis erTi nawili Setanili ar aris. 

qarTvelTa armenizaciis Sesaxeb 

amJamad, rogorc wesi, miiCneva, rom Sua saukuneebSi mimdinareobda sxvadasxva 

eTnikuri jgufebisa da agreTve somexTa gaqarTveleba. TiTqosda es 

xdeboda sarwmunoebrivi gziT, qalkedonituri sarwmunoebis miRebis Semdeg 

somxebi eqceodnen qarTul kulturul garemoSi da isini qarTveldebodnen. 

miiCneva, rom qalkedonitoba aris qarTvelTa erovnuli sarwmunoeba, xolo 

monofizitoba (grigorianoba) somexTa erovnuli sarwmunoebaa. Tu somxebi 

qalkedonitobis miRebiT qarTveldebodnen, maSin unda vivaraudoT, rom aseve 

qarTvelebi somxdebodnen grigorianobis miRebiT. 

hqonda Tu ara adgili aseT process, iRebdnen Tu ara qarTvelebi somxur 

sarwmunoebas, eqceodnen Tu ara isini somxuri eklesiis gavlenis sferoSi 

da amiT somxdebodnen? 

Cvens mecnierebaSi araa miRebuli msjeloba qarTvelTa gasomxebis Sesaxeb, 

maSin roca somexTa gaqarTvelebis Sesaxeb wers yvela mecnieri, romelic 

exeba V-XVIII saukuneebis saqarTvelos istorias, amitomac Tu SeiZleba 

msjeloba somexTa gaqarTvelebis Sesaxeb, maSin qarTvelTa gasomxebis Sesaxebac 

msjeloba ar unda iwvevdes araviTar uxerxulobas da WeSmaritebis 

dadgena umTavresi unda iyos. 

pirobebi qarTvelTa gasomxebisaTvis Seqmnili iyo araTu Sua saukuneebSi, 

aramed XIX saukuneSic ki. amis damamtkicebeli magaliTebis moyvanamde 

unda iTqvas somxuri sarwmunoebis Sesaxeb.


istoria 

707 

miRebulia, rom somxuri eklesia monofizituri eklesiaa, sinamdvileSi ki 

somxur eklesias, da saerTod, somxebs, mxolod pirobiT Tu ewodebaT aseTi 

saxeli. somxur eklesias gaaCnia Taviseburi, gansakuTrebuli sarwmunoeba, 

romelic, marTalia, mimdevaria monofizituri dogmatikisa, magram amave 

dros uaxlovdeba diofiziturs (e.i. marTlmadideblobas). 157 

marTalia, somxurma eklesiam uaryo qalkedonis kreba, romelic misi 

azriT nestorianobis aRorZinebas uwyobda xels, magram amave dros, monofizitobis 

mraval mimarTulebas Soris imas gahyva, romelic axlos idga 

marTlmadideblobasTan. es aris TavisTavadi sarwmunoeba, romelsac ewodeba 

kidec somxuri erovnuli sarwmunoeba. somex TeologTa azriT, es aris 

is dogmatika, romelsac qadagebda wmida grigori (anu es aris nikeis I 

msoflio krebis qristologiao). 

amitomac, somxur erovnul sarwmunoebas wmida grigoris sarwmunoeba, 

xolo eklesias `somxur-grigorianuli eklesia~ hqvia. 

imis gamo, rom wmida grigoris eklesia arc mtkice monofizituria, da 

arc diofizituri, aramed raRac saSualo SemTanxmebluri qristianobis 

sxvadasxva dapirispirebul mimarTulebaTa Soris, eklesia iqca gaWirvebis 

Jams TavSesafarebel savaned sruliad sxvadasxva sarwmunoebrivi mimarTulebis 

qristiani xalxebisaTvis, sadac maTi sarwmunoebrivi grZnobebi 

da rwmena TiTqmis ar ibRaleboda. 

somxuri eklesia albanelebis, qarTvelebis, sirielebisa da sparseli 

qristianebisTvisac ki mSobliuri eklesia iyo. amas adasturebs somexqarTvel-albanelTa 

gaerTianebuli krebebi, romlebic tardeboda somxeTSi 

V saukunis Semdeg, cnobilia, rom sparseli qristianebi (VI-VII ss.) somxuri 

eklesiis meTaurs ekiTxebodnen rCevas da moiTxovdnen misgan miTiTebas 

(Semonaxulia epistoleebi sparseli qristianebisa somexi kaTalikosisadmi). 

somxur eklesiaSi mravlad moRvaweobdnen sirielebi, agreTve albanelebi 

(magaliTad, mose kalankatueli) da qarTvelebi (kirion kaTalikosi 

saqarTveloSi Camosvlamde somxeTis mTavari eklesiis winamZRvari da airaratis 

provinciis qorepiskoposi iyo). 

rogorc iTqva, somxuri sarwmunoeba erovnulia, radganac misi dogmatika 

gansxvavdeba da ganirCeva sxva sarwmunoebrivi mimarTulebebisagan da axasiaTebs 

mxolod mas. amiT somxuri eklesia erovnuli eklesiaa. 

aris Tu ara qalkedonitoba mxolod qarTvelTa sarwmunoeba? ar aris. am 

TvalsazrisiT, qarTvelebs erovnuli sarwmunoeba ar gaaCniaT. qalkedonitoba, 

upirveles yovlisa, `berZnuli sarwmunoebaa~ (qarTvelebi `berZnuls~ 

uwodebdnen msoflio (kaTolike) _ sayovelTao eklesias). 

qalkedonitoba msoflio sarwmunoebaa. saqarTvelos mezobeli didi qristianuli 

imperiebis, bizantiisa da ruseTis sarwmunoeba qalkedonituri iyo, 

amitomac jer bizantiasTan da mere ruseTTan mebrZoli 158 sparselebi (VII


jafariZe 

saukunemde), arabebi (X saukunemde), Turqebi (XI saukunis Semdeg) da kvlav 

sparselebi (XVI saukunis Semdeg) qarTvelebis qalkedonitur sarwmunoebas 

ganixilavdnen rogorc mowinaaRmdege imperiebis _ mtris sarwmunoebas, 

daundoblad ebrZodnen qarTvelebsa da qarTul eklesias. am dros ki 

somxuri eklesia, rogorc neitraluri sarwmunoebis mqone, maTTvis misaRebi 

iyo. ufro metic, somxuri eklesiis meSveobiT cdilobdnen qalkedonitobis 

aRmofxvras saqarTvelosa da kavkasiaSi. 

sparselebi VII saukunis 20-ian wlebamde Tu rogori pativiscemiT epyrobodnen 

da aZlierebdnen somxur eklesias, da Semdgom ki arabebi Tu rogor 

ebrZodnen amierkavkasiis qveynebSi (albaneTsa da saqarTveloSi) somxuri 

eklesiis saSualebiT qalkedonitebs, amis Sesaxeb naTqvamia sxva TavebSi. 

marTalia, imis Semdeg, rac saqarTvelom gaaerTiana Tavisi miwebi da ara 

marto kavkasiaSi, aramed mcire aziaSic vasaluri saxelmwifoebrivi er- 

Teulebi daaarsa (XI-XIII saukuneebSi) qarTuli eklesiis (qalkedonitobis) 

sawinaaRmdego moqmedeba aravis SeeZlo, magram erTiani saqarTvelos saxelmwifos 

daSlis Semdeg (XV s.) mezobeli TurqeTi da irani iwyeben oms 

qarTuli eklesiis winaaRmdeg. samagierod, rogorc TurqeTi, ise irani aZliereben 

somxur eklesias da mas uqvemdebareben TavianT saxelmwifoebSi mcxovreb 

qarTvelebsa da sxva erebs. 

Turqebma konstantinopolis àxladSeqmnil somexTa sapatriarqos daumorCiles: 

somxebi, sirielebi, qaldevelebi, koptebi, qarTvelebi (igulisxmeba 

am dros Turqebis mier samxreT saqarTvelos dapyrobili provinciebis 

qarTvelebi, yars-arzrumisa da nawilobriv, imier taos mimdebare midamoebis 

qarTuli mosaxleoba), abisinielebi~. 159 somxuri sapatriarqosadmi damor- 

Cilebuli qarTvelebi somxdebodnen, ara marto imitom, rom maT eklesiebSi 

inergeboda somxuri ena da isini grigoriandebodnen, aramed imitomac, rom 

maT samoqalaqo _ sasamarTlo saqmeebsac ki wyvetda konstantinopolis 

somexTa sapatriarqo. 160 

mesxeTis qarTveli qristianebi Turqebma dauqvemdebares somxur eklesias, 

riTac gagrigoriandnen. àm mxriv, rogorc Cans, nayofier moRvaweobas 

eweoda agreTve konstantinopolis grigorianuli sapatriarqo, romlis uflebasac 

XV saukunis meore naxevridan daeqvemdebara agreTve samcxesaaTabagos 

qarTuli eklesia. qarTvelTa grigorianul sarwmunoebaze miqcevis 

tendenciebi aSkarad SeimCneva imier taosa da arzrumis sasazRvro provinciebis 

qarTul mosaxleobaSi. rogorc safiqrebelia, yarsisa da arzrumis 

qarTuli marTlmadidebluri samwyso (karelisa da arzrumelis saepiskoposoebi), 

romlebmac XVII saukunemde moaRwies, saukunis bolos mTlianad 

gauqmda da mrevli Zalauneburad Seerwya Turqul-musulmanur Tu somxurgrigorianul 

religiebs. aqaur marTlmadidebelTa (qarTvelTa) gagrigorianebis 

(gasomxebis) faqti dadasturebuli aqvs mkvlevar ignati fafazians


istoria 

709 

Tavis èklesiis cxovrebaSi~. aseTive viTareba Seiqmna XVI-XVII saukuneebSi 

tyiani artaanisa da patara artaanis TemebSi, Cildiris tbis midamoebSi...~ 161 

ara marto mesxeTSi, aramed yvelgan saqarTveloSi, sadac ki Turqebi 

batonobdnen, somxur eklesias ufleba eZleoda qarTvel qristianebze, xolo 

qarTuli eklesia idevneboda. 

`TiTqos gasakviria, magram faqtia, XV saukunis Sua xanebSi TurqeTis 

dapyrobil teritoriaze arnaxulad gaizarda rogorc somex vaWar-mrewvelTa, 

ise somxur-grigorianuli eklesiis Zliereba da avtoriteti. sakuTari 

saxelmwifo dakarguli somexi xalxi TurqeTis sulTanebs TavianTi politikis 

dasayrden iaraRad miaCndaT~. 162 

konstantinopolis aRebis Semdeg Turqebma gaauqmes berZnuli politikuri 

xelisufleba. àmieridan rCeboda mxolod berZnuli marTlmadidebluri 

eklesia, konstantinopolis sapatriarqo, romelic qveyanaSi jer kidev didi 

gavleniT sargeblobda. mosalodneli eqscesebis Tavidan asacdenad, rogorc 

osmalebi fiqrobdnen, saWiro iyo gamonaxuliyo mesame Zala, romelic daupirispirdeboda 

konstantinopolis sapatriarqos, bzars Seitanda marTlmadidebelTa 

uflebebSi da mis realur konkurentad gadaiqceoda. sulTnis 

mTavrobam aseT mesame Zalad miiCnia TurqeTis imperiaSi mcxovrebi somxebi 

da maTi somxur-grigorianuli eklesia, romelic ekonomiurad maSin sakmaod 

moRonierebuli Canda... sulTan mehmed II-s konstantinopoleli somxebi 

miaCnda Tavisi interesebis erTgul damcvelad. saerTod, qristianul 

religiur mimdinareobaSi somexTa Taviseburi seqta, romelsac mogvianebiT 

(1836 wels) grigorianoba Seerqva, somxebs gansakuTrebul da SedarebiT 

privilegirebul mdgomareobaSi ayenebda rogorc TurqeTSi, ise iranSi. ase 

Seiqmna meore somxuri sapatriarqo konstantinopolSi. amrigad, somexi 

xalxi somxuri saxelmwifos ararsebobis pirobebSi ucbad ori sapatriarqos 

(eCmiaZin-konstantinopolis) da ori sakaTalikosos (sisis da axtamaris) 

patroni gaxda~. 163 

saqarTvelo gayofili iyo TurqeTsa da irans Soris. Tu saqarTvelos Turqul 

nawilSi qarTvelebis gasomxebas Turqebi uwyobdnen xels, iranul nawilSi 

(qarTlsa da kaxeTSi) qarTvelebis gasomxeba sparselebis nebiT xdeboda. 

im dros, roca saqarTvelos kaTalikosi evdemoz diasamiZe sparsma xelisufalma 

kldidan gadaagdebina, xolo kaTalikosi domenti stambolis 

cixeSi iyo gamoketili, iranis dedaqalaqSi sparseli Sahebis xelSewyobiT 

agebdnen somxur eklesiebs brwyinvale arqiteqturuli gadawyvetiT, mooqrouli 

WeriTa da gumbaTebiT, daxvewili gemovnebiT Sesrulebuli mxatvrobiT 

(1605-1663 ww), 164 amave dros ki Tbilisis sioni kinaRam mahmadianur 

meCeTad gadaakeTes. 

ùfro metic, sparseTSi gasaxlebul somxebs Sahi nebas rTavda da piradadac 

exmareboda eklesiebis mSeneblobaSi, dadioda maT qristianul 

dResaswaulebze, eswreboda qristianul ceremonialebs, misi gansakuTrebu-


jafariZe 

li brZanebiT sjidnen yvelas, vinc somex qristians Seuracxyofas miayenebda... 

abraam erevanci sulTan ahmad III-s somexTa keTildReobaze mzrunvelsa 

da `somexi xalxis meurves~ eZaxis, ufro metic, nadir-Sahis mier somxebisadmi 

gamocemuli rayamebidan IV rayamSi vkiTxulobT _ `Tu romelime 

somexi qristiani miiRebs mahmadianur sarwmunoebas, maSin mas CamoerTmeva 

mTeli misi memkvidreoba~. 165 amave dros qarTvelebs iZulebiT amahmadianebdnen, 

maSasadame, Tu qarTvels qristianad darCena undoda, is unda 

gasomxebuliyo, radganac somxis gamahmadianebas kanoni krZalavda. 

am epoqaSi qarTl-kaxeTi ZiriTadad sparselebis xelSi iyo da sparse- 

Tis saxelmwifoSi Sedioda, amitomac saqarTveloSi, iseve rogorc mTel 

sparseTSi, somxebi privilegirebul mdgomareobaSi iyvnen, xolo qarTuli 

eklesiis mrevli _ devnili. 

imis Semdeg, rac `...iranis Sahma eCmiaZins, rogorc somexTa sarwmunoebriv 

centrs, mowyale TvaliT Sexeda~, 166 somexTa sarwmunoebrivi centri ganuzomlad 

gamdidrda, gafarTovda da Tavisi gavlena gaavrcela mezobel qveynebze. 

èCmiaZins mniSvnelovani mamulebi hqonda Tavrizsa da TbilisSi. mamulebTan 

erTad isini yidulobdnen agreTve yma-glexebs, romlebic amuSavebdnen 

nayid miwebs. mag., 1715 wels kaTalikos astvacatur amadnelma TbilisSi 

iyida ymebad xaxutaiSvilebis ramdenime ojaxi, ris Semdeg isini didxans 

eCmiaZinis nasyid ymebad iTvlebodnen~. 167 

cnobilia, rom is qarTveli yma-glexebi, romelTac eCmiaZini da saerTod, 

somxuri eklesia yidulobda, iRebdnen grigorianul sarwmunoebas da somxdebodnen. 

qarTveli glexebis gasomxebis faqti aRwerili aqvs misioner ambrozis. 

mas SeumCnevia, rom somxdebodnen ara marto somxuri eklesiis mier nayidi 

qarTveli glexebi, aramed somxdeboda im qarTuli soflebis mosaxleoba, 

romelsac iZendnen mdidari somxebi. 1640 wels is romSi gzavnis werils. 

qarTvelebio, _ wers _ `raki maTi xelqveiTi gaxdebian, bevri maTgani 

gadadis somxis weszed~... mdidari somxebi ki, romelTac SeeZloT saqarTvelo- 

Si soflebis, mamulebisa da ymebis SeZena, mravlad iyvnen rogorc sparseT- 

Si, ise TurqeTSi (sparseTSi Sedioda qarTl-kaxeTi, TurqeTSi _ mesxeTi). 

sparseTis somxebma `Seqmnes julfis savaWro kompania, kavSiri daamyares 

italiis, safrangeTis, prusiis samrewveloebTan, Seqmnes TavianTi kantorebi 

indoeTis TiTqmis yvela did qalaqSi, iavasa da filipinis kunZulebze da 

sxva... TurqeTisa da meore mxriv, sparseTis mesveurTa politikis wyalobiT 

XVII-XVIII saukuneebSi somxuri savaWro kapitali saerTaSoriso arenaze 

gavida. maT vxedavT Savi zRvis, egeosis zRvis, xmelTaSua zRvis, atlantisa 

da indoeTis okeaneebis auzebSi da sxva~. 168 

swored am dros, roca somxebs TavianTi sibrZnisa da gonierebis meoxebiT 

saSualeba hqondaT simdidre moepovebinaT, indoeTisa da wynari okeaneebis


istoria 

711 

sanapiro qveynebSic ki, qarTvelobas atyvevebdnen da samSoblodan asaxlebdnen, 

devnidnen da amahmadianebdnen. 

Sah-abasma kaxeTis qarTveloba (Cans, 300 aTasi suli) daatyveva, sparseTSi 

gadaasaxla da iZulebiT gaamahmadiana, amave dros ki, Sah-abasis piradi 

meTvalyureobiT Sendeboda ispahan-julfas brwyinvale somxuri eklesiebi. 

sparselebi qarTlis aklebis drosac uamrav qarTvels atyvevebdnen da 

sparseTSi mierekebodnen. swored aseT dros somxuri eklesia exmareboda 

da tyveobidan ixsnida grigorianuli sarwmunoebis mqone mosaxleobas. 

datyvevebisa da gadasaxlebis dros irRveoda qarTuli ojaxebi. mama 

iranis erT kuTxeSi iyideboda, Svilebi ki _ sxvagan, Tavisufleba da yovelgvari 

adamianuri Rirseba ispoboda. am saSineli gasaWiridan Tavis daxsna 

SeiZleboda grigorianuli sarwmunoebis miRebiT, radganac iranSi arsebuli 

kanonebiT, rogorc aRniSnuli iyo, grigorianuli sarwmunoebis mqone 

mosaxleoba devnas ar ganicdida. 

`...1741 wels agvistoSi, roca yizilbaSebma qarTli aikles, mere gausies 

marbieli avRanisa da saca ram darCeniliyo, daatyveves... gamarjvebulma 

sparselebma, roca qarTlis tyveebi daagroves da iranSi gasarekad gaamzades, 

am dros nadir-Sahis winaSe gamocxaddnen somxuri eklesiis warmomadgenlebi, 

miarTves mas 300 Tumani fuli, 300 fuTi xorbali da ixsnes 

Soreul iranSi gasarekad gamzadebuli 300 somxuri ojaxi imis gamo, rom 

qarTvelTa Soris aseTi saxsrebi Znelad saSovari iyo, Cvens qveyanas didZali 

xalxi ekargeboda. es viTareba somxur sarwmunoebas saqarTveloSi popularulsa 

da mimzidvels xdida~. 169 

qarTvelTa gasomxebas masobrivi xasiaTi miuRia da yoveldRiurad Turme 

imdroindeli damkvirvebeli sakuTari TvaliT xedavda, Tu rogor somxdebodnen 

qarTvelebi. es iqidanac Cans, rom am faqts adasturebs iseTi gamoCenili 

moRvawe-mogzauri, rogoric iyo nikoloz ColoyaSvili (nikifore irbaxi). 

nikoloz ColoyaSvili saqarTveloSi erT-erTi yvelaze gavleniani sasuliero 

piri iyo. mas elCadac agzavnidnen evropaSi, miiRo espaneTis mefem, 

romSi qarTuli wignis gamocemisTvis izruna, pativs scemda romis papi. is 

ara marto kaxeTsa da qarTlSi, aramed samegreloSic moRvaweobda. amitomac 

sityva im kacisa, romelic kargad icnobda ara marto saqarTvelos 

yoveli kuTxis, aramed imdroindeli msoflios cxovrebas, WeSmariti iyo da 

mxolod simarTles Seicavda. man erT krebaze, romelsac eswreboda rostom 

mefe, saqarTvelos kaTalikosi da episkoposebi, ganacxada: `yoveldRe 

Cveni TvaliT vxedavT, rom mravalni qarTvelni somxdebian da ufro mometebuli 

maTgani mahmadis sarwmunoebasac Rebulobs~. 170 rostom mefe, kaTalikosi 

da episkoposebi mas daeTanxmnen. 

sparsTa da TurqeTis mier dapyrobil saqarTvelos kuTxeebSi qarTvelebi 

somxdebodnen, agreTve mahmadiandebodnen, an kaTolikobas iRebdnen.


jafariZe 

qarTvelebi gansakuTrebiT somxdebodnen (anu grigorianul sarwmunoebas 

iRebdnen) qalaqebSi da gzispira savaWro adgilebSi, gzispira soflebSi. 

adamianis gasomxeba imiT gamoixateboda, rom is aRiarebda Tavis Tavs 

somxuri eklesiis wevrad. 

am dros mas Cveulebriv rCeboda Tavisi qarTuli ena, qarTuli adaTwesebi 

da Cvevebi, mis cxovrebaSi TiTqmis araferi icvleboda, garda imisa, 

rom mahmadianebisagan axla, is ukve daculi iyo somxuri eklesiis mier. 

evropeli misionerebi, rogorc wesi, yovelTvis aRwerdnen, rom imdroindel 

qarTlSi batonobdnen somxebi. amas aRniSnaven ara marto evropelebi, 

aramed qarTvelebic. magaliTad, saqarTvelos kaTalikosi nikoloz VIII 

1742 wels Tavis werilSi romis paps, benediqte XIV-s swored amas SesCivis 

_ `Cemi didi xnis wadilis Sesruleba somxebma ar damacales, radgan isini 

axla Cven aRar gvijereben da am qveyanaSi Tavisi nebisamebr batonoben. 

Tqveni patri kapucinebi daamwyvdies da egodenad hgvemes da daawylules, 

uaresis qmna aRar SeiZleboda. gaaupatiures wmida xatebi da jvrebi Tqveni 

eklesiisa... daiWires kaTolikebi Tu mamakacebi, Tu dedakacebi, Tu ranairad 

Seuracxyves: qoneba sul waarTves da ZaliT kaTolike sarwmunoebasa da 

TavianT mSoblebs ganaSores... SegvewieT, nu miuSvebT, raTa emodeni xalxi 

warwymdes, nurc CaugdebT Tqvens SeZenils erT gacofebul urwmunoebs...~ 171 

Tanamedrove mkiTxvels SeiZleba eCvenos, rom saqarTvelos patriarqis 

am werilSi saqme Seexeba ara qarTvel marTlmadideblebs, aramed mxolod 

kaTolikeebs. sinamdvileSi, werili saerTod qarTvelebs Seexeba, radganac 

saqarTvelos kaTalikosi amave werilSi paps moaxsenebs, rom is da misi 

eklesiis qarTveli mrevli papis erTgulia, amitomac is SesTxovs paps 

gasomxebisagan daifaros qarTvelebi. werilSi axsenebs kidec qarTvelebsa 

da mis ers. is paps swers: `Cveni qveyana Tqven gemorCilebaT... aw yvela 

qarTveli umorCilesad gevedrebiT, raTa am provincias xeli ar aaRoT da 

ukapucinebod ar dagvtovoT...~ 172 

ratom aRiareben am momentSi qarTveli warCinebulebi da gamoCenili 

pirebi papis uzenaesobas? im mizezis gamo, rom osmalebi da sparselebi 

marTlmadidebel qarTvelebs iZulebiT asomxebdnen, an aTaTrebdnen. amitomac 

eris erTianobis gadarCenisaTvis papis uzenaesobis aRiarebiT mahmadianTa 

yuradRebis modunebas cdilobdnen. cnobilia, rom isini papis qveSevrdomebs 

(`frangebs~ _ kaTolikebs) naklebad devnidnen. marTlac, papis uzenaesobis 

garegani aRiarebiT qarTveli qarTveladve rCeboda, xolo gagrigorianebis, 

an gamahmadianebisas qarTvelebi erovnebas kargavdnen _ somxdebodnen, 

an TaTrdebodnen. 

aq ara sarwmunoebrivi, aramed erovnuli momenti iyo arsebiTi, Torem 

sarwmunoebrivad qarTvelebs TavianTi Tavi mtkice marTlmadideblad miaCndaT 

da erTgulebdnen kidec mas.


istoria 

713 

somexma ierarqebma icodnen, rom qarTvelebi paps eloliavebodnen ara 

sarwmunoebis gamo, aramed gasomxebisgan Tavdacvis mizniT, amitomac sastikad 

devnidnen aseT qarTvelebs: cemdnen, aSorebdnen col-qmars erTmaneTs, 

arTmevdnen bavSvebs, saxls, yovelgvar qonebas, asamarTlebdnen da 

Semdeg ki agrigorianebdnen. amas TiTqmis yovel werilSi aRwerdnen rogorc 

qarTveli, ise evropeli sasuliero pirebi. 

zemoT moyvanili kaTalikosis werilis garda, amaze miuTiTebs erTi 

kargad cnobili, 1634 wlis ambavi: gorSi somxebma Seityves, rom erTi 

qarTveli (erovnebiT qarTveli) axalgazrda nasyida kaTolikea da patrebs 

emsaxureba. somxebma es qarTveli ZaliT gamoiyvanes saxlidan, cema-tyepiT 

miiyvanes goris cixis mahmadian ufrosTan, Semdeg waiyvanes TbilisSi, daasmines 

mahmadian rostom xanTan, moTxoves am qarTvelis sikvdiliT dasja. 

`vidre nasyidas saqme gadawydeboda, mas bevri Seuracxeba miayena momCivangabrazebulma 

xalxma, radgan xelSi hyavdaT~. 173 

qarTvel kaTolikeebs sazogadod somxebi rom devnidnen da maT gagrigorianebas 

moiTxovdnen, es zemoT moyvanilis garda, Semdegidanac Cans: Turqebma 

samxreT saqarTveloSi erTimeoris miyolebiT gaauqmes qarTuli saepiskoposoebi. 

1763-1764 wlebisaTvis am mxareSi darCenili iyo erTaderTi qarTveli 

episkoposi giorgi. TurqTa iZulebiT `1764 wlis dasawyisSi am mxares 

qarTveli episkoposi vinme giorgi iZulebuli gamxdara daetovebina mar- 

Tlmadidebloba. marTlmadideblur qristianobaSi osmaleTi xedavda ruseTsaqarTvelos 

kavSirs da araviTar SemTxvevaSi ar miiCnevda dasaSvebad 

axalcixis safaSos teritoriaze mis ramenair Sewynarebas. amitomac iyo, 

rom qarTvelma episkoposma giorgim marTlmadideblobis nacvlad miiRo 

kaTolikuri sarwmunoeba, rac sakmarisi sababi gaxda imisaTvis, rom Turq 

moxeleebs SeewyvitaT saepiskoposos devna~. 174 

magram amiT ar damTavrda. rogorc ki qarTvelma episkoposma giorgim 

kaTolikoba miiRo, maSinve misi devna daiwyes somxebma. faSas moTxoves misi 

dapatimreba im motiviT, rom qarTveli episkoposi ki ar unda gakaTolikebuliyo, 

aramed unda gagrigorianebuliyo, radganac yvela qristiani, vinc 

ar unda iyos is, Cven unda gvemorCilebodeso. 

marTalia, Turqebma Sewyvites qarTveli episkoposis, giorgis devna, magram 

`samagierod, gakaTolikebul episkoposs devna dauwyoo eCmiaZinis patriarqma. 

sainteresoa vicodeT, ra uflebiT eWideboda marTlmadidebel 

giorgi episkoposis ymobas somexT patriarqi. qarTul da somxur eklesiebs 

Soris raime uflebrivi urTierToba xom ar arsebobda? amis sarwmuno 

pasuxs Cven gvaZlevs misioneri leoni. igi wers, èCmiaZinis patriarqi 

portas mieraa damtkicebuli da kargadaa daculi TviT sulTanis mier, 

amitom brZaneblobs mTel Tavis erze... da Turqebis firmanis ZaliT yvela 

sxva qristiani morCilebaSi mohyavs~. 175


jafariZe 

qarTvelebi Turq-sparselTa nebiT unda gagrigoriandnen, anu unda daemor- 

Cilon somxur eklesias, gansakuTrebiT is qarTvelebi idevnebodnen somexTa 

mier, romlebic am wess daarRvevdnen da gagrigorianebis nacvlad kaTolikobas 

miiRebdnen. amas sxva magaliTebis garda, episkopos giorgis magaliTi 

aCvenebs _ `somexT patriarqs mopovebuli hqonia sulTanisagan ufleba TurqeTSi 

Semavali kavkasiis qristianobis meurveobisa. gasagebia, rom gakaTolikebul 

qarTvel episkopos giorgisac am mizeziT eWideboda, e.i. masze xelewifeboda 

somex patriarqs, romelsac axalcixis faSisaTvis giorgis dapatimreba uTxovia, 

magram gakaTolikebul qarTvel episkoposs faSasTvis qrTami 1000 piastri 

miucia da faSas is somexi episkoposisaTvis daumalavs. somexTa episkoposs 

faSasTvis dokumenturad dausabuTebia, rom `xvanTqaris firmanis ZaliT 

axalcixelebi~ unda emorCilebodnen Cems patriarqso, axla ki `gafrangebulan 

da misi morCilni ar ariano~, e.i. somexi episkoposi Tvlida, rom qarTveli 

giorgi gakaTolikebis magivrad unda gagrigorianebuliyo. am sakiTxze faSas 

qarTvels kaTolikeTa da somexTa episkoposs Soris paeqroba gaumarTavs... es 

dava Cven imasac gvafiqrebinebs, rom axalcixis bevri marTlmadidebeli am 

gziT albaT grigorianul sarwmunoebas iRebda~. 176 

gakaTolikebis gamo TviT sulxan-saba orbeliansa da anton I kaTalikoss 

devnida somxuri eklesia, xolo erekle II-s kaTolikeTa mfarvelobisaTvis 

emuqreboda kidec. 177 

CvenTvis cnobilia, Tu rogor aiZulebdnen da devnidnen cnobil qarTvel 

pirebs imis gamo, rom maT grigorianobis nacvlad kaTolikoba miiRes. 

magram ubralo, rigiTi glexebis devna da maTze iZuleba naklebad aris 

cnobili. SeiZleba arc devnidnen im martivi mizezis gamo, rom qarTveli 

glexebi ar iRebdnen kaTolikobas, aramed pirdapir grigoriandebodnen. 

arsebobs damamtkicebeli sabuTi `...saqarTveloSi somxuri sarwmunoebis 

qarTvelTa sakmaod mravalricxovani koleqtivis arsebobisa~. 178 

ra Tqma unda, somxur sarwmunoebas iRebda ara mTeli saqarTvelos 

mosaxleoba, aramed qarTl-kaxeTis daba-qalaqebisa da gzispira soflebis 

mosaxleobis erTi nawili. es procesi gansakuTrebiT samxreT saqarTvelo- 

Si, qvemo qarTlsa da mesxeTSi mimdinareobda intensiurad, radganac mesxe- 

Ti osmalTa, xolo qvemo qarTli sparsTa uSualo gamgeblobaSi imyofeboda, 

aseT miwebze mcxovreblebs ki an mahmadianoba unda mieRoT, an grigorianoba 

da an kaTolikoba. 

qvemo qarTlSi mxolod didi da gavleniani Tavadebis ojaxebma gabedes, 

uareyoT grigorianoba, maT kaTolikoba miiRes, Tumca grigorianoba qvemo 

qarTlis sxva cnobilma TavadTa ojaxebmac miiRes. iqauri orbelianebi, 

romlebmac kaTolikoba miiRes, mkacrad idevnebodnen amis gamo somxebisagan. 

TviT saqarTvelos ubrwyinvalesi Tavadi sulxan-saba orbelianic ki 

somxebisgan idevneboda. 1715 wels evropidan dabrunebuls, gakaTolikebul


istoria 

715 

sulxan-sabas, Tan Camoyvnen misionerebi. sabas winaaRmdeg maSinve aRiZrnen 

grigorianebi `somxebs zogierTi sabas mteri qarTvelebic SeuerTdnen da 

maT TanaugrZnes~. 179 

bunebrivia, saqarTvelos eklesiis gamoCenil moRvawes sarwmunoebis gamocvlisaTvis, 

qarTvelma sasuliero pirebma sayveduri hkadres, magram somxebs 

masTan ra xeli hqondaT? magram maTi moqmedeba sastikia. sabas Tanmxlebi 

piri wers amis Sesaxeb _ `1717 wels somxebma Cveni saxli gaZarcves da 

erTianad daangries. TavianTi Cveulebis winaaRmdeg qarTvelebic SeuerTdnen, 

Tumca iseTi sibraziT ar moqmedebdnen, rogorc somxebi~... TamaraSvili 

wers _ `qarTvelebs cxadad monawileoba ar miuRiaT am devnulobaSi da Tu 

ram brali miuZRviT, saxeldobr is, rom gaCumebulan da somxebis winaaRmdeg 

xma ar amouRiaT~. 180 

maSin, roca saqarTvelos ubrwyinvalesi Tavadi ase idevneboda grigorianTagan, 

glexoba uares dReSi iqneboda. 

qvemo qarTlis TavadaznaurTagan orbelianebmac kaTolikoba miiRes, magram 

amis Semdeg somex-grigorianTagan devnis gamo srulebiT dakarges 

qoneba da gapartaxdnen. TamaraSvili wers _ `gakaTolikebuli orbelianebi 

ivane da vaxtang Zlierni iyvnen yovelmxriv da bevri ymac hyavdaT. im 

zomamde, rom sparseTis mTavrobas weliwadSi 5000 jariskacs aZlevdnen. ai 

aseTi Zlierni yovliTurT daCagres kaTolikebis mtrebma somxebma Tavis 

mier mosyiduli sparselTa daxmarebiT...~ 181 da aRwers qarTvel TavadTa 

srul ganadgurebas grigorianTa mier. 

misionerebi romSi gagzavnil werilebSi xSirad gadmoscemdnen grigorianTa 

mier kaTolikeTa devnas. es kaTolikebi arian ZiriTadad qarTvelebi 

da ara evropidan Camosuli misionerebi. marTalia, maTac, Camosulebsac 

devnidnen, magram maTi ricxvi mcire iyo, xolo ZiriTadad qarTveli kaTolikeebi 

idevnebodnen. saqarTveloSi isini idevnebodnen somxuri eklesiis 

mier, ara mxolod sarwmunoebrivi mZulvarebis gamo, aramed imitom, rom 

somxuri eklesiis centrs mTeli saqarTvelos mosaxleoba Tavis mrevlad 

miaCnda. es damtkicebuli hqonda kidec spars-osmalTa mier. amitomac 

qarTvelebs ara kaTolikoba, aramed grigorianoba unda mieRoT. 

somxeTis patriarqs Tavis mrevlad miaCnia qarTvelebi, xolo saqarTvelo 

Tavis samwysod. es rom asea, iqidanac Cans, rom iranis Sahebisagan 

somxebi iRebdnen nebas, rom saqarTvelodan (!) kaTolikeebi ganedevnaT, 

saqarTvelodan da ara somxeTidan. 

1741 wels somxebma Tbilissa da gorSi kaTolikeebi daarbies iranis 

Sahis nebarTviT. 

`tfilisSi didi devnuloba aRsZres kaTolikebis winaaRmdeg, radganac 

didi sasomxeTis patriarqma moipova erTi firmani Sah-Tamazisagan, raTa 

arc tfilisSi da arc gorSi aRar daayenon kafucinebi. es firmani ra


jafariZe 

miutanes tfilisSi mefis moadgiles, maSinve CamoarTva kafucinebs, rac 

gaaCndaT da maTi eklesiac gaaoxra da yvela iq myofi patrebi gandevna~. 182 

somxur eklesias ara marto iranis Sahi, aramed, rogorc iTqva, osmaleTis 

xonTqaric abatonebda qarTvelTa miwa-wyalze: `somxeTis patriarqisave 

CagonebiT iyo, rom xvanTqarma axalcixis kaTolikeebi dauqvemdebara eCmiaZinis 

patriarqs, ris gamo sam weliwadSi erTxel gangeb erTi vardapeti 

modioda da kaTolikeebs xarks arTmevda... eCmiaZinis gamZafrebuli patriarqebi 

ar sjerdebodnen am gadasaxads, ramdenadac da rodesac ki Ses- 

Zlebdnen iqaur kaTolikeebs sdevnidnen da xSirad maT saxl-karsac osmalebs 

aklebinebdnen. esreT, iqauri kaTolikeebi mudam wamebulni iyvnen 

somxebis patriarqebis da maT mier waqezebuli mahmadianebisagan~. 183 

zemoT moyvanilSi, ra Tqma unda, igulisxmeba, rom idevnebodnen adgilobrivi 

kaTolike qristianebi. erTaderTi gza am ubedurebisagan (saxl-karis 

aklebisa da mudmivi wamebisagan) Tavis dasaRwevad iyo mahmadianobis, anda 

grigorianobis miReba. 

idevnebodnen ara marto kaTolikeebi, aramed marTlmadideblebic. XVII 

saukuneSi saqarTveloSi marTlmadidebloba ise idevneboda, rom qarTvel 

samRvdeloebasa da TviT patriarqsac ki kaTolikobis miReba surdaT. 184 

rogorc iTqva, kaTolikobis miReba sasurveli imiT iyo, rom sparseT-osmaleTisaTvis 

kaTolikoba mosaTmeni da miRebuli sarwmunoeba iyo, xolo 

marTlmadidebloba yovlad miuRebeli, magram, rogorc iTqva, kaTolikobis 

miRebis Semdeg qarTvelebs axla ukve somxuri eklesia devnida da aiZulebda 

mieRoT grigorianoba. somxuri eklesia saqarTveloSi ise iyo gaZlierebuli, 

rom somxebi kaTolike misionerebs, romlebic vaxtang V Sahnavazisa da 

saqarTvelos patriarqisaTvis didad sasurveli stumrebi iyvnen, quCaSi gavlis 

dros qvebs uSendnen, pirSi afurTxebdnen da joxiT scemdnen. 185 

brbo, romelic sazogadod arbevda, scemda da klavda kaTolikeebsa da maT 

ojaxebs, `Segulianebuli iyvnen vardapetebisa mier~, emuqrebodnen yvela vaWarsa 

da xelosans, romlebic vardapetis mowodebisas ar daketavda Tavisi duqnis 

darabebs da ar wayveboda brbos ùrwmunoTa~ asaklebad. ùrwmunoebSi~ 

mahmadianebs ar gulisxmobdnen: `...gabrazebuli gamovida vardapeti Tavis 

mRvdlebTan erTad da daiwyo SeCveneba da wyevla yvela imaTi, vinc ar 

daketavda duqnebs da Cvenis eklesiis da saxlis dasaqcevad ar movidoda. 

am SeCvenebisa da wyevlisagan SeSinebulma vaWrebma da meduqneebma yvelam 

daketes duqnebi...~ 186 da daaqcies kaTolikeTa saxl-kari da eklesia. 

aqedan Cans, rom `somxebi~ arian ara eTnikurad somxebi, aramed socialuri 

fena _ vaWrebi da meduqneebi. 

àm dros somxebis mier mtroba da devnuloba iqamde gaZlierda, rom am 

ambavma evropis mTavrobamdisac miaRwia da maTi gamosarCleba da gul- 

Sematkivroba gamoiwvia~. 187


istoria 

717 

evsevi nikolaZe, qarTuli eklesiis istorikosi, wers, rom grigorianobis 

saqarTveloSi gavrcelebis winaaRmdeg medgrad ibrZodnen Cveni kaTalikosebi 

nikoloz amilaxvari, domenti, besarioni, aseve anton I. magram qarTvel 

samRvdeloebasa da kaTalikosebs zogjer taxts da xandaxan sicocxlesac 

ki aTmobinebdnen spars-osmaloebi. 

ev. nikolaZe wers, rom saqarTveloSi qarTvelebma Tavidan gulTbilad 

da siyvaruliT miiRes Tanamorwmune (qristiani) somxebi. `magram somxebma 

qarTvelebs es Rvawli imiT miuzRes, rom daiviwyes maTi amagi da daiwyes 

qarTvel xalxSi mwvaleblobis (e.i. grigorianobis) gavrceleba. qarTvelebis 

am erT nawils, romelic aRiarebda somexTa sarwmunoebas, maT Seaswavles 

somxuri ena da amnairad es xalxi mTel qarTvelobas CamoaSores... aseTi 

warmatebiT gamxnevebulni somexTa misionerebi moefinen aRmosavleT saqarTvelos 

da daiwyes qarTvelebSi mwvaleblobis gavrceleba. maT winaaRmdeg 

gamovidnen saqarTvelos ganaTlebuli kaTalikosebi: nikoloz amilaxvari 

(1675-1688), domenti (1705-1724) da gansakuTrebiT besarioni (1724-1739). 

saqarTveloSi Zveli droidan moipovebodnen TargmanSi is nawerebi, romlebic 

iyvnen mimarTuli somxuri eklesiis mwvaleblobis winaaRmdeg... am 

TxzulebaTa SemweobiT saqarTvelos mRvdelmTavrebi advilad imarjvebdnen 

somxebTan paeqrobaSi, magram XVIII saukunis dasawyisidan garemoeba 

Zalze Seicvala. am droidan mxiTaristebis nawarmoebni Zlier gavrceldnen 

somexTa Soris da misces saSualeba maT samRvdeloebas saRvTismetyvelo 

ganaTlebisa. evropeli mwerlebis sxolastikuri nawarmoebni, romlebic somxur 

enaze gadmoiTargmnen, gaxdnen axal wyarod sarwmunoebrivi davisa. sxolastikurma 

xerxianobam, romelic gansakuTrebiT aristoteles loRikas emyareboda, 

somexTa misionerebs misca mZlavri iaraRi qarTvelebis winaaRmdeg. 

somexTa misionerebis monofizituri propaganda, romelic winaT daiwyo, gansakuTrebiT 

gaZlierda areulobis dros saqarTveloSi, mefe ieses sikvdilis 

Semdeg, Teimuraz II-is qarTlSi gamefebamde (1724-1744) da umaRles wertilamde 

avida kaTolikos anton I-is mmarTvelobis pirvel wlebSi (1744-1749). 188 

ev. nikolaZe imowmebs TviT anton kaTalikoss da wers, rom somxeTis 

eklesiis meTauri kaTalikosi lazare dauaxlovda anton kaTalikoss da 

Seecada, antons mieRo grigorianuli sarwmunoeba. antonma, cxadia, ar miiRo 

grigorianoba, romelic avaldebulebda mas, qarTuli eklesiis meTaurs, 

qceuliyo somxuri eklesiis wevrad _ `rogorc kaTalikosi antoni mowmobs, 

erTbunebian mwvaleblebs masTan hqondaT kamaTi. somexTa misionerebis me- 

Taurad iTvleboda anton I-is Tanamedrove somexTa kaTalikosi lazare 

Waukeli. ukanaskneli Zalian dauaxlovda kaTalikos antons da Seecada 

mis gamoyvanas marTlmadidebeli eklesiidan, magram es ver moaxerxa~. 189 

bunebrivia, SeiZleba daisvas kiTxva, nuTu grigorianebs imis uflebac ki 

hqondaT, qarTuli eklesiis meTaur kaTolikosisTvis SeebedaT, rom mas


jafariZe 

somxuri sarwmunoeba eRiarebina? amis nebas da aseT gabedulebas grigorianebs 

aZlevda is, rom sparseTi da TurqeTi didad aZlierebdnen somxur 

eklesias da mas faqtobrivad gadasces ufleba Tavis mrevlad eqcia arasomexi 

qristianebi. 

`somexTa mwvalebloba warmatebiT vrceldeboda qarTvelTa Soris imitom, 

rom saqarTveloSi gamocxadebuli iyo sarwmunoebrivi Tavisufleba da 

mTavrobas ar SeeZlo sarwmunoebrivi davis akrZalva~, 190 sinamdvileSi ki 

saqarTvelo dapyrobili an vasali qveyana iyo, romlis mTavrobasac ar 

SeeZlo damoukidebeli sarwmunoebrivi politikis warmoeba, is ver Seaferxebda 

grigorianTa moqmedebas. 

anton kaTalikosma araTu aRiara grigorianoba, aramed am sarwmunoebis 

sawinaaRmdegod dawera vrceli Txzuleba, romelsac Zalze didi mniSvneloba 

hqonda. mas XIX saukuneSic ki ruseTis imperatori miiCnevda 

saqarTveloSi grigorianobis gavrcelebis Semaferxebel saSualebad. 

antonma `...dawera uzarmazari dogmatikur-polemikuri xasiaTis Txzuleba 

`mzametyveleba~, romelic àraCveulebriv movlenad unda CaiTvalos 

aramcTu qarTul mwerlobaSi, aramed mTeli aRmosavleTis eklesiis saRvTismetyvelo 

azrovnebis ganviTarebis istoriaSi~ (k. kekeliZe). es veeberTela 

wigni sul raRac weliwadnaxevarze nakleb droSi daiwera (wera daiwyo 

1750 wlis 1 oqtombers da daasrula 1752 wlis 11 marts). wigni mimarTulia 

marTlmadidebluri eklesiis dasacavad mwvalebelTagan. 191 

am Txzulebis didi mniSvneloba iqidan Cans, rom roca XIX saukuneSi qarTuli 

eklesiis TavisTavadobis gauqmebis gamo somxur eklesias didi SesaZlebloba 

mieca saqarTveloSi gaevrcelebina Tavisi sarwmunoeba, ruseTis imperators 

gankarguleba gaucia amis sawinaaRmdegod daebeWdaT `mzametyveleba~. 

`didi xania, erT visme pirs miurTmevia xelmwife imperatorisaTvis Txovna 

maszeda, rom saqarTveloSi vrceldeba frangoba, anu frangTa sarwmunoeba 

da somxoba da amasTanave daurTavs im pirsa, rom mxolod erTaderTi 

saSualeba ariso mosaspobad sxvadasxva sarwmunoebis gavrcelebisa mar- 

Tlmadidebel saqarTveloSi, daibeWdos `mzametyveleba~ saqarTvelos swavlul 

kaTalikozisa anton I-isa. xelmwife imperators esreTi Txovna gadaucia 

sinodSi, 192 egzarxoss gamourkvevia, marTla vrceldeboda Tu ara 

saqarTveloSi (eparqiebSi) `frangoba~ da `somxoba~, ris Semdegac mizanSewonilad 

iqna miCneuli gamocemuliyo es wigni `gasomxebisa~ da `gafrangebis~ 

Tavidan asacileblad. 

miTumetes XVIII saukuneSi am wigns hqonda uaRresad praqtikuli mniSvneloba. 

es Txzuleba vrceldeboda xelnaweris saxiT. 3-4 weliwadSi 

`mzametyveleba~ uTuod Zalze daabrkolebda grigorianobis winsvlas 

saqarTveloSi. 1752 wels dasrulebuli wigni 1754-1755 wlebisaTvis ukve 

mTel saqarTveloSi iqneboda gavrcelebuli.


istoria 

719 

ev. nikolaZe wers: `rodesac anton kaTalikosma Sexeda, rom somexTa misionerebis 

propaganda saqarTveloSi marTlmadidebel sarwmunoebisaTvis did 

safrTxes warmoadgenda, gadawyvita mis winaaRmdeg gamosuliyo da mwvaleblebis 

garyvnil moZRvrebas mecnieruli sityviT Sebmoda. vinaidan somexTa 

misionerebi Tavis swavlas amyarebdnen sxolastikasa da somxuri eklesiis 

istoriaze, antoni gaxda iZulebuli gacnoboda am wyaroebs laTinur-somxur 

enaze. man jer kargad Seiswavla sxolastika da somxuri RvTismetyveleba... 

da amis Semdeg somexTa mwvaleblobis gansaqiqeblad dawera didi Txzuleba, 

romelsac `mzametyveleba~ uwoda. es nawarmoebi, romelic dasrulda 

1752 wels, Seicavs monofizituri moZRvrebis srul ganqiqebas da masSi 

yoveli kaci ipovis mza pasuxs mwvalebelTa yvela kiTxvaze~. 193 

rogorc aRiniSna, 1753-1755 wlebisaTvis es Txzuleba ukve win aRudgeboda 

saqarTvelos mdabio xalxSic ki popularul monofizitur Txzulebebs. 

am dromde, Turme, erTi aseTi monofizituri Txzuleba, somexTa kaTalikos 

lazares mier dawerili, mravals qristians marTlmadideblobis gzidan 

acdenda. somexTa kaTalikosi lazare Tavis TxzulebaSi `somexTa eklesias~ 

aRiarebda yvela eklesiis ufrosad da somexTa kaTalikoss yvela 

qristianis mTavar mbrZaneblad. lazarem Tvisi Txzuleba... mraval xelnawerebSi 

gaavrcela qarTvelebSi, rogorc arqiepiskoposi timoTe mowmobs, es 

Sroma saqarTveloSi mdabio xalxSi ikiTxeboda da bevri keTilmorwmune 

motyuebaSi Seyavda~. 194 

swored amgvar qmedebas win aRudga kaTalikosi antoni da mraval qarTvels 

SeunarCuna ara marto marTali rwmena, aramed SeunarCuna erovneba _ 

qarTveloba. 

ar SeiZleboda es upasuxod darCeniliyo, antoni aseTi gabedulebisaTvis 

unda dasjiliyo da daisaja kidec _ 1755 wels mas CamoarTves sakaTalikoso 

taxti da gaaZeves, marTalia, sxva motiviT. 

ar aris gamoricxuli, rom antonis marcxSi eria eCmiaZinis xeli, rogorc 

wers g. maisuraZe _ èCmiaZins yvelaze ufro metad erekle II-is frangTmomxreoba 

aRizianebda... amasTan, kaTolikeTa momagreba rusuli gavlenis 

neitralizebasa da somxuri sarwmunoebis TandaTanobiT gandevnasac iwvevda. 

amitom, Tu, erTi mxriv, am Zalaze dayrdnoba erekle II-s diplomatiuri 

lavirebis saSualebas aZlevda, meore mxriv, mis winaaRmdeg ruseT-eCmiaZinis 

kavSiris Seqmnas uwyobda xels. ar aris gamoricxuli, rom 50-ian wlebSi 

erekle II-isa da anton I-is marcxi aseTi kavSiris Sedegi yofiliyo~. 195 

anton kaTalikosi monofizitebisaTvis yvelaze miuRebeli piri iyo saqarTveloSi. 

grigorianebs didi Zala hqondaT imis Semdeg, rac 1762 wels 

erekle II-m antoni daabruna saqarTveloSi da misca kvlav sakaTalikoso 

taxti. somxuri eklesiis meTaurma kaTalikosma mkacrad gaafrTxila erekle 

II da TiTqmis daemuqra kidec. mis werilSi, cxadia, ara uSualod 

antonzea saubari, aramed kaTolikeebze.


jafariZe 

`ra moulodnelic ar unda iyos, kaTolikosis sityvebSi ara marto protesti 

ismis erekles politikisadmi, aramed erTgvari faruli muqarac. es 

miT ufro sayuradReboa, rom cota xanSi eCmiaZini qarTveli mefis sawinaaRmdego 

moqmedebas gamoamJRavnebs. motanili werili 1765 wlis gazafxuliTaa 

daTariRebuli. imave wlis dekemberSi ki ereklem amxila qarTlis 

TavadTa SeTqmuleba paata batoniSvilis meTaurobiT, romelSic eCmiaZinis 

warmomadgeneli aRaloc aRmoCnda CaTreuli... ruseTis kavSiri paatas SeTqmulebasTan 

TiTqos aSkaraa. Tu es mosazreba Sesawynarebelia, maSin erekle 

II-is winaaRmdeg ruseTisa da eCmiaZinis kavSiri am SemTxvevaSic savsebiT 

dasaSvebia~. 196 

aRsaniSnavia, rom ajanyebulebi ereklem sastikad dasaja, xolo eCmiaZinis 

warmomadgeneli aRalo ar dasaja. 197 es miuTiTebs, Tu ra Zlier Zalas 

warmoadgenda saqarTveloSi somxuri eklesia. 

10 wliT adre, 1755 wels, iseve rogorc wina XVII saukunisa da XVIII 

saukunis sxvadasxva wlebSi, grigorianTa TaosnobiT moewyo saqarTveloSi 

myofi kaTolikeebis sastiki devna. aRsaniSnavia, rom maSin am devnaSi 

qarTvelebs, kerZod, mefe Teimurazsac monawileoba miuRia. saqarTvelodan 

ganidevnen ara marto evropeli misionerebi, aramed anton kaTalikosic, 

romelic `kaToliked~ iqna gamocxadebuli. 

iyo Tu ara anton I kaTolike? rogorc masalebi uCvenebs, antoni iyo ara 

kaTolikuri sarwmunoebis mimdevari, aramed `frangTmomxre~, mas kaTolikeebi 

grigorianebis Semaferxebel saSualebad miaCnda. 

`Tbilisis somex vaWrebs evropelTa konkurenciisa eSinodaT, somxur 

eklesias ki _ kaTolikeTa gavlenis zrdisa. am mxriv, eCmiaZins arc ereklesa 

da anton I-is frangTmomxreoba moswonda. niSandoblivia, rom 1755 wels 

TbilisSi mowyobil kaTolikeTa darbevaSi eCmiaZinis xeli eria~. 198 swored 

1755 wels gandevnes antoni. 

anton I kaTolike rom yofiliyo, mas ruseTis wmida sinodi ar Caabarebda 

vladimiris centralur eparqias, ar miscemda mTavarepiskoposis maRal 

tituls (maSin sul ramdenime mTavarepiskoposi iyo ruseTSi), da mere XIX 

saukuneSi rusi imperatoris nebiT ar gamoscemdnen `mzametyvelebas~, romelic 

swored `frangobis~, anu kaTolikobisa da gasomxebis Semaferxebel saSualebad 

miiCneoda. 

anton I qarTvelebma gandevnes mxolod subieqturi interesebis gamo, 

kerZod, mefe Teimuraz II_s (kaxeTis taxtis memkvidres) eSinoda antonisa, 

rogorc qarTlis samefo taxtis erTaderTi kanonieri memkvidrisa, mefesTan 

daaxloebul zogierT qarTvel samRvdelo pirs anton I-is nayofierma 

moRvaweobam Suri aRuZra da amitomac cili daswames, xolo grigorianebs 

antoni ar moswondaT `mzametyvelebis~ dawerisaTvis da kaTolikeebis 

mfarvelobisaTvis. 1755 wlis kaTolikeTa devnaSi swored im qarTvelma


istoria 

721 

saxelmwifo moxeleebma miiRes aqtiuri monawileoba, romelTac grigorianuli 

sarwmunoeba hqondaT miRebuli. cota mogvianebiT erTi misioneri 

werda _ àm ambavze saqarTvelos yvela adgilebidan Semoikribnen mefis 

nacvlebi da msajulebi, romlebic sqizmatiki somxebi arian. imaT ufro 

Seagulianes mefe Cven winaaRmdeg~. 199 

aq `sqizmatik somxebSi~ swored qarTveli grigorianebi igulisxmeba, 

radganac SeuZlebelia mTel saqarTveloSi mefis nacvlebi da msajulebi 

ara qarTvelebi, aramed erovnebiT ucxoelebi yofiliyvnen. 

miuxedavad imisa, rom anton I-ma grigorianobis sawinaaRmdego uzarmazari 

Txzuleba gamoaqveyna, 1753 wels masTan mividnen grigorianebi da 

Seecadnen miecaT didZali qrTami, raTa misionerebi ganedevna saqarTvelodan. 

antonma misionerebis darbeva ara marto usamarTlobad miiCnia, aramed 

pirobac dado, aseT raimes arasodes Caidenda. uTuod es momentic safuZvlad 

daedo ciliswamebas, TiTqosda antoni TviTve iyo kaTolike. 

erTi misioneri swerda roms _ `somxebi winaaRudgnen patrebs, 1753 wels 

maTma moTavem, saxelad aRa meliqma, tfilisis qarTvelebis patriarqs miutana 

erTi qisa fuli 500 Tumani da sTxova, an gaaZeveT aqedan kafucinebi, an 

arada eklesia CamoarTviTo. patriarqma upasuxa: maT winaaRmdeg araferi 

maqvs da aseTs usamarTlobas maT arasdros vuzamo~. 200 1753 wels saqarTvelos 

patriarqi swored antoni iyo. 

aRsaniSnavia, rom antonis damokidebuleba kaTolikeebisadmi arafriT 

gansxvavdeboda misi winamorbedebis da agreTve afxazeTis kaTalikosebis 

damokidebulebisagan kaTolikeebisa da misionerebisadmi. antonamde saqarTvelos 

kaTalikosi nikoloz xerxeuliZe, rogorc aRvniSneT, 1742 wels werda 

roms, rom is da misi wre gansakuTrebuli siyvaruliT epyroboda misionerebs, 

natrobdnen maT sikeTesa da bednierebas `...magram Cemi didi xnis 

wadilis Sesruleba somxebma ar damacales, radgan isini Cven ar gvijereben 

da am qveyanaSi TavianTi nebisaebr batonoben...~ 201 

cnobilia, kaTalikosi nikoloz xerxeuliZe 1744 wels mokles. 

saqarTvelos keTilganwyoba misionerebisadmi imiT iyo gamowveuli, rom 

isini ase Tu ise aferxebdnen qarTvelTa gagrigorianebas. amas, albaT, 

ekonomiuri mniSvnelobac hqonda, radganac qarTvelebi gagrigorianebis 

Semdeg ukve somxuri eklesiis wevrebi xdebodnen da mas aZlevdnen Semosaval-Sesawirs, 

xolo qarTveli e.w. viTomda _ `kaTolikebi~ qarTl-kaxeTSi 

kvlav qarTuli eklesiis wevrebadve rCebodnen. Semosaval-Sesawirs romis 

paps ar ugzavnidnen. zemoT naxsenebi misioneri wers, rom imis Semdeg, roca 

1753 wels anton kaTalikosma grigorianebisagan qrTami ar aiRo, maT mefes 

mimarTes `1754 wels tfilisisa da goris somxebi erTad SeerTdnen, mefesTan 

mividnen da daiwyes Civili Cveni aqedan gaZevebisTviso~. 202


jafariZe 

1755 wels moxda didi devna kaTolikeebisa, am dros antonic maTTan 

erTad daisaja. m. TamaraSvili fiqrobda, rom qarTvelebi am devnaSi naklebad 

monawileobdnen, Tumca mefe mdevnelebs exmareboda _ `1955 wels moxdenili 

devnuleba kafucinebis winaaRmdeg Teimuraz mefisgan miewereba ufro 

berZnebsa da somxebs, vidre qarTvelebs~. 203 

antoni uaryofda Tavis gakaTolikebas da mas ciliswamebas uwodebda, àm 

SemTxvevaSi antoni mtkiced uaryofs mis winaaRmdeg wamoyenebul braldebas 

da mas `ciliswamebas~ uwodebs, romelic sxvadasxva politikuri miznebiT 

inspirirebuli iyo ZiriTadad misi biZis, Teimuraz II-is mier, romelmac 

ukanonod daisakuTra qarTlis taxti~. 204 

marTalia, imis Semdeg, rac 1755 wlis krebaze antoni daamxes da daapatimres, 

is iZulebuli gaxda TeimurazisaTvis gamoeTxova ruseTSi wasasvleli 

sarekomendacio baraTebi, amitomac Tavi Zlier daimdabla da braldebaSi 

Tavi damnaSavedac aRiara Teimurazis winaSe, magram es iyo xerxi, 

uromlisodac mas ruseTSi arc miiRebdnen. antoni kaTolike rom yofiliyo, 

romsa da evropaSi gaemgzavreboda da ara ruseTSi. 

ramdenime saukuniT adre giorgi mcire werda: `...viTarca Teslni arawmidani 

Soris Cuensa daTesul iyvnes borotni _ igi Teslni somexTani, gularZnilni 

da manqanani da amis mier friad gvevnebodao...~ 205 aq `somexTa 

TeslSi~ giorgi mcire, rogorc konteqstidan Cans, gulisxmobda qarTvel 

grigorianebs, anu somxuri eklesiis wevr qarTvelebs. amis gamoo, werda is 

da sxva imdroindeli moRvaweni, berZenTa Soris mravlad gamoCndnen `mayvedrebelni~ 

da `mabralobelnio~, romelnic gvisworebdnen da gvaswavlidnen, 

rogori saxisa unda yofiliyo qarTuli eklesiao. 

aseTi istoria ganmeorebula mogvianebiT, antonis epoqaSi. oRond axla 

ukve piriqiT. axla ara berZnebi, aramed TviT grigorianebi àswavlidnen~ 

da àyvedridnen~ qarTvelebs, Tu rogori saxis unda yofiliyo qarTuli 

eklesia. ase wers anton I Tavis `mzametyvelebaSi~. `664.12. aqvs ukve 

sakuTrad eklesiasa somexTasa xelis dasxma ueklesiod episkoposTa... gvaswaveben 

Cven, xolo amxilebsTca maT beWedi igi...~ 

`666.14. aqvs ukve eklesiasa somexTasa sakuTrad, rameTu ara wmidad 

Seuracxies dedani... gvayvedrian Cven, viTarca dedaTagan gamocxobilisa 

SemwirvelTa~... da sxva. 206 e.i. `somxebi~ qarTvelebs saeklesio wesebs àswavlian~ 

da àyvedrian~ am wesebis ucodinarobas antonis dros. 

`lazare kaTalikosi somexTa, ese aw, romelica cxovrobs JamTa CvenTa... 

aman lazare aRwera wigni, romelsa uwoda `sawadeli samoTxe~, garna ara 

sawadel ars igi Cemda, aramed friadca saZagel... gansakvirvelTa gmobaTa 

ityvis, viTarmed eSmakica SeZrwundebian~ 207 , _ wers antoni. 

grigorianebs, cxadia, ar SeeZloT uyuradRebod daetovebinaT antonis 

antigrigorianuli qmedeba, miT umetes, rom saqarTveloSi grigorianebs


istoria 

723 

qarTuli ena, TavianTi mSobliuri ena kargad esmodaT da SeeZloT waekiTxaT 

antonis Sroma iranisa da osmaleTis mier gaZlierebulni amgvar kritikas 

verc moiTmendnen. 

ìran-osmaleTisaTvis SedarebiT ufro mosaTmeni iyo rusulisagan gansxvavebuli 

qristianoba, ris gamoc aRmosavleTSi TviT kavkasiis araqarTul 

provinciebSi qarTvelni `farulad qristianobdnen, somexni ki cxadad~. 

ufro metic, osmaleTTan loialuri urTierToba konfesiuri eqspansiis 

saSualebasac aZlevda eCmiaZins. italieli misioneri leone werda: èCmiaZinis 

patriarqi portas mieraa damtkicebuli da kargadaa daculi TviT 

sulTanis mier, amitom mbrZaneblobs mTel Tavis erze... da Turqebis firmanis 

ZaliT yvela sxva qristiani morCilebaSi mihyavs~. am mxriv is qarTul 

interesebsac upirispirdeboda. araerTi SemTxvevaa aRricxuli, roca osmaleTis 

mflobelobaSi moqceul samcxe-javaxeTis qarTvel marTlmadideblebs 

eCmiaZini ZaliT somxur sarwmunoebaze aqcevda~. 208 

`somxebis patriarqisave CagonebiT iyo, rom xvanTqarma axalcixis kaTolikeebi 

dauqvemdebara eCmiaZinis patriarqs...~ 209 

aRsaniSnavia, rom ara marto TurqeTi da sparseTi aZlierebdnen somxur 

eklesias, aramed qarTveli mefe-mTavrebic gansakuTrebuli mzrunvelobiT 

epyrobodnen grigorianebs. 

qarTvel mefeTa keTil mopyrobas grigorianebisadmi upirveles yovlisa, 

gansazRvravda ekonomikuri motivebi, magram isicaa aRsaniSnavi, rom maT 

arc SeeZloT emoqmedaT grigorianTa winaaRmdeg. qarTli da kaxeTi iranis 

provinciebi iyo da aq unda gatarebuliyo igive sarwmunoebrivi politika, 

rogoric iranSi, qarTl-kaxeTis samefoebis aRdgenis Semdeg ki isini iranis 

vasali qveynebi gaxdnen. 

somexTa mimarT keTilad iyo ganwyobili da maT pirobebs uqmnida rostom 

mefe, mariam dedofali (mariams walkaSi grigorianebisaTvis eklesia 

augia), vaxtang VI. 210 

mefe simon I `...somexTa didi mosiyvarule da vardapetebis didi pativismcemeli 

iyo~ (somexi mematianis sityvebia). 211 

grigorianebisaTvis rostom mefes da mariam dedofals augiaT qalaqi 

(qarTlis axalqalaqi) grigorianuli saydrebiTa da monastrebiT, rogorc 

es iq mdgomi eklesiis warweridan Cans. 212 am warweraSi ar aris naTqvami, 

rom es qalaqi `somxebisaTvis~ aSenda, aramed naTqvamia, rom is aSenda 

`saxasod vaWarTa~. 213 im dros grigorians, somexsa da vaWars erTmaneTTan 

aigivebdnen da saerTod, `somexi~ da `vaWari~ sinonimebi iyo. amitomac aq 

`vaWrebSi~ qarTveli grigorianebic igulisxmebian. 

male, rostomis karze, maRali saxelmwifoebrivi postebic grigorianebma 

daiWires, kerZod, Tbilisis qalaqisTavoba, es kargadaa aRwerili. rostomi, 

rogorc sparseTis warmomadgeneli qarTlSi, grigorianebis mimarT atareb-


jafariZe 

da sparsul politikas, icavda da mfarvelobda maT. amave dros ki marTlmadidebelTa 

eklesias devnida. qarTveli kaTalikosi evdemoni man daaxr- 

Cobina da cixidan gadmoagdebina. 

rostomi daxvewili politikosi iyo da Tavisi gamocdilebiT icoda, rom 

qarTvelebTan pirdapiri da aSkara midgomiT verafers gaawyobda. amitomac 

man cbier xerxs mimarTa, roca nadirobis dros mokles ufliswuli (rostomis 

Svilobili), am mkvlelobas qarTvelebi (e.i. marTlmadideblebi) abralebdnen 

somxebs (e.i. grigorianebs), xolo grigorianebi marTlmadideblebs. simarTlis 

gamosakvlevad rostomma daniSna dueli SioS baraTianisa (mar- 

Tlmadidebelsa) da baadur Tumanians (grigorians) Soris. orTabrZolaSi 

vinc gaimarjvebda, marTalic is iqneboda. isini rostomma gaagzavna erT 

trial, ukacriel mindorze da Tan gaatana sami TaTari. swored es TaTrebi 

iqnebodnen aRmsrulebelni rostomis nebisa: duelis dros SioSma baadurs 

mucelSi Subi Caartya ise Zlier, rom Subis wveri gadatyda da baaduris 

mucelSive CarCa, magram miuxedavad amisa, damarcxebulad mainc SioSi 

gamocxadda, radganac, is Turme, baadurma miwaze dasca. Tu es marTla ase 

moxda, warmoudgenelia, `sami TaTris~ daxmarebis gareSe saR-salamaTi Sio- 

Si miwaze rogor unda daeca sastikad daWril baadurs, magram movlenebi 

amis Semdeg viTardeba. es kerZo SemTxveva ganzogaddeba _ `gamarjvebul~ 

baadurs sixaruliT Seegebnen qalaqis TaTrebi da somxebi _ `da haosianni 

da TaTarni SejarviT gamovidnen da misrulTa aRamaRles baadur da moiyvanes 

mefisadmi, da pativs scemda da misca mkurnalTa gankurnebad da 

Seiyvara umetes ufros zomisa...~ (1645 wlisaTvis miZRvnili somxuri sigeli 

qarTulad Targmnili somexTa mier XIX saukuneSi, Cans, qarTveli grigorianelebis 

saWiroebisaTvis). 214 

rostomma SioSis mTeli qoneba gadasca baadurs _ àmis Semdgomad 

qarTvelni mciredre damdabldnen zvaobaTagan TvisTa vinaiTgan haosianTa 

simRerani sayvedrebulni Seawyves enaTa maTsa zeda da yovelisa taepisa 

dasasrulisa ityodnen: `SioS wadi, baadur movida~, romel ars `SioS gaiqec, 

baadur modis~. simRerisa amas zeda haosianTagan qarTvelTa ercxvinebodaT. 

esma ese mefesa saniabazs, e.i. mciresa Sahabazs da miuwoda baadurs da 

misca mTavroba didi tfilisis qalaqisa. iqmna ese 1650 welsa...~ 215 ase 

gadaeca Tbilisis qalaqisTavoba grigorianebs. 

am somxur sigelSi rostomi ara qarTvelad, aramed somxad, anisel somex 

mefeTa STamomavladaa gamocxadebuli. 216 

marTlac, rostomi Tavisi antiqarTuli da prosparsuli politikis gatarebisas, 

ar hgavda qarTvel politikur moRvawes. miuxedavad imisa, rom 

rostomis meuRle qristianobisadmi (rogorc marTlmadideblobis, ise 

monofizitobis) kargad iyo ganwyobili, rostomi mainc mtrulad iyo ganwyobili 

qarTuli eklesiis mimarT. saqme is iyo, rom qarTuli eklesia gamox-


istoria 

725 

atavda im qarTvelebis miswrafebas, romelTac surdaT Teimuraz I-is samefo 

taxtze ayvana, xolo rostomis saqarTvelodan gaZeveba. 

`rogirc aRiniSna, rostom mefesa da Teimurazs Soris dapirispirebam qarTuli 

feodaluri sazogadoebis or banakad gayofa gamoiwvia. dauRalavi Teimurazi 

rostomisa da yizilbaSebis winaaRmdeg brZolas wlebis manZilze imereTidan 

ganagrZobda. mis mTavar amocanas qarTlidan rostomis gaZeveba, iranis batonobis 

damxoba da aRmosavleT saqarTvelos gaerTianeba Seadgenda... qarTl- 

Si rostomis moRvaweobis pirvelma 15 welma sxvadasxva brZolebiT, ajanyebebiT 

da SeTqmulebebiT damZimebul situaciaSi ganvlo. qarTlSi rostomis 

mosvlisTanave qarTvelebis erTi nawili mahmadiani mefis mmarTvelobas ar 

daemorCila, maT qristianobis rjulisaTvis `batoni Teimurazi erCivnaT~. 217 

Teimurazi iyo gansaxiereba marTlmadideblobisa, anu, rogorc maSin miiCneoda, 

`qarTvelobisa~. qarTvelebs swored Teimurazi surdaT. amis gamo 

`...rostom mefis laSqarSi Teimurazis sasargeblo ganwyobileba sufevda...~ 218 

ise, rogorc wina wlebSi `1642 wels rostom mefis winaaRmdeg kvlav 

didi SeTqmuleba moawyes. Sah-abas II-is istorikosis mohamed Taheris informaciiT, 

`Teimurazi SeuTanxmda zaal erisTavs _ yara-yalxans, nodar da 

ioTam amilaxvrebs... raTa rogorme mospon mefobis safarveli rostom 

mefe~. rostomis winaRmdeg mowyobil am axal SeTqmulebaSi monawileobdnen: 

zaal erisTavi, ioTam amilaxvari, nodar ciciSvili, kaTalikosi evdemon 

diasamiZe, giorgi goCaSvili, somxeTis meliqi yorxmazbeg aTabegisSvili da 

sxva qarTvelni. SeTqmulTa Soris yvelaze aqtiurad qarTlis kaTalikosi 

evdemon diasamiZe moqmedebda. dadebuli pirobis Tanaxmad, SeTqmulTa mizans 

`cotas kaciT~ cxireTs myofi rostom mefis mokvla da mis adgilze 

Teimurazis gabatoneba warmoadgenda~. 219 

magram `qarTvelTa~ (marTlmadidebelTa) es SeTqmuleba gasca somxeTis meliqma 

(Cans, qarTvelma grigorianma), romelmac Sahs SeTqmuleba gaumJRavna~. 220 

ar SeiZleba qarTuli eklesiis meTauris monawileoba am SeTqmulebaSi 

avxsnaT piradi dainteresebiT, aramed es iyo gamoxatva qarTuli eklesiis 

brZolisa mahmadianobis (da sxva gavrcelebuli religiuri mimarTulebebis) 

winaaRmdeg. 

rostomma Zalian kargad icoda, rom mis winaaRmdeg ibrZoda zogadad 

qarTveloba, romlis meTauric kaTalikosi iyo. amitomac man gansakuTrebuli 

sisastikiT dasaja datyvevebuli kaTalikosi. saerTod, rostomi ajanyebulTa 

mimarT Semwynarebeli iyo da erCia maTi Semorigeba. 1642 wlis 

ajanyebulebic mcired dasaja, kerZod, mxolod ramdenime kaci gaaxeibra da 

Tvalebi daTxara, magram kaTalikosi ki ara marto moakvlevina, aramed 

sikvdilis Semdegac Seuracxyo _ cixidan gadmoagdebina. 

`kaTalikosi qalaqis cixeSi daamwyvdies, Semdeg `daarCves da cixidan 

gadmoagdes~. 221


jafariZe 

rostomis dros (da saerTod, XVII saukunis 30-iani wlebidan) gaizarda da 

ganviTarda qarTlis saqalaqo cxovroba, xelosnuri warmoeba, vaWroba, dawinaurda 

Tbilisi, dasaxlda qalaqebi. es gulisxmobda grigorianobis raodenobis 

gazrdas, radganac saerTod im dros vaWrobas da xelosnobas ZiriTadad 

isini misdevdnen. am grigorianebSi uTuod didi iyo qarTvelTa ricxvi. 

àRebuli xanisaTvis qarTvel-somexTa ekonomikuri urTierTobis aseve 

Tavisebur formad gvevlineba eCmiaZinis msxvili feodaluri organizaciis 

garkveuli kavSiri qarTul feodalur mflobelobasTan da qarTuli qalaqebis 

vaWroba-warmoebasTan. 

qarTuli da somxuri wyaroebis mowmobiT, eCmiaZini qarTlsa da kaxeTSi 

flobda soflebs, calkeul zvrebs, baRebs, saxnav-saTes farTobebs, xolo 

qalaq adgilebSi duqnebs. aqve igulisxmebian mis ymobaSi moqceuli Sesabamisi 

mwarmoeblebi da xelosan-vaWrebi~. 222 

eCmiaZinis gavlena iseTi didi iyo, rom mas TviTon marTlmadidebeli 

qarTveli mefeebic ki ymebsa da soflebs Cuqnidnen. qarTveli glexebi am 

gziT grigoriandebodnen. 

`kaxeTis batons~ Teimurazs da mis SviliSvils erekles eCmiaZinisaTvis 

SeuwiravT sofeli Tasmaluri Tavisi mcxovreblebiT, venaxebiTa da wylebiT~. 

(iqve, gv. 173); es sofeli kaxeTsa da qiziys Soris yofila. `1657 wels ukve 

rostom mefes Seuwiravs eCmiaZinisaTvis sofeli naxiduri~. 223 

es qarTuli soflebi, cxadia, gagrigoriandnen, anu, `gasomxdnen~. `qarTvel 

xelisufalTa garda eCmiaZins yma-mamulsa da sxva saqonlebs swiravdnen 

saqarTveloSi mcxovrebi somxuri warmoSobis SeZlebuli pirebi, riTac 

isini xarks uxdidnen Tavis konfesiur kuTvnilebas. magaliTad, 1678 wels 

sofel SulaverSi javanSiris Svilebs eCmiaZinisaTvis SeuwiravT kargad 

mowyobili zvari, 1664 wels Tbilisel moqalaqes aslan behbuTaSvils 

`sulisa da Tavis sadRegrZelod~ somexTa mTavari eklesiisaTvis sami 

qulbaqi Seuwiravs, axalqalaqel ambardanianT muradaSvils ki mis mier 

cxinvals nayidi ori biWi Seuwiravs eCmiaZinisaTvis~. 224 

cxadia, es ori nayidi biWi gagrigorianda, amis Tqmis nebas iZleva ara 

marto 1634 wels nikoloz irbaxis mier sasamarTlo darbazSi warmoTqmuli 

sityvebi, romlebsac yvela daeTanxma `yoveldRiv, Cvenis TvaliT vxedavT, 

rom mravalni qarTvelni somxdebian~-o, aramed, `patri ambrozis moxseneba, 

romSi 1640 wels gagzavnili, romelic ase ambobs: àm qristianebis qveyana- 

Si kvalad SeiZleba bevri keTilis qmna ravdenime mamul-soflebis yidviT, 

rogorTac Svrebian somxebi, romlebisac Tumca didi simZulvare aqvsT 

qarTvelebs sarwmunoebis saqmeSi, magram raki maTi xelqveiTi gaxdebian, 

bevri maTgani gadadis somxis weszed, amazed uaresic vnaxeTa: zogierTma 

saqarTveloSi mcxovrebma mdidarma uriebma gaauriaves ramdenime TavianTi 

yma da mosamsaxure. amisaTvis Tvinier raime eWvisa, bevri qarTvelebi siamovnebiT 

miiRebdnen laTinis wessa, ukeTu Seiqmnebian Cvenni xelqveiTni~. 225


istoria 

727 

amis gamo eCmiaZini dainteresebuli iyo SeeZina da mieRo qarTuli soflebi 

yma-glexebiT. 

èCmiaZini yoveli RoniT cdilobda xeli Seewyo aseTi ganwyobilebisaTvis 

saqarTvelos somxur mosaxleobaSi da rac SeiZleba metad gaezarda 

sakuTari ymaTa kontigenti~. 226 

qarTvelTa masiur gagrigorianebas xels isic uwyobda, rom maSin damkvidrebuli 

wesis Tanaxmad vaWari, meduqne, xelosani, amqari, moqalaqe grigorianuli 

sarwmunoebisa unda yofiliyo. ufro metic, sxvadasxva xelobis 

mosaqmeni qmnidnen gaerTianebebs, romelSic SesvlisaTvis aucilebelad 

saWiro iyo gagrigorianeba. 

àSkaraa, qarTuli qalaqebis profesiuli gaerTianebebi vaWrobaSi somex- 

Ta upiratesobis gamo, umTavresad monofizitur eklesiasTan unda yofiliyvnen 

dakavSirebuli, amitom am gaerTianebebSi Sesvla da mis safuZvelze 

garkveuli privilegiebis miReba, gasagebia, mxolod somxur sarwmunoebaSi 

gadasvliT SeiZleboda. qarTuli mosaxleobis erTi nawilis somxur sarwmunoebaze 

gadasvla sxva gziTac xdeboda, jer kidev m. TamaraSvilma vatikanis 

arqivis masalebis safuZvelze gamoTqva mosazreba, rom somexTa mier 

soflis, e.i. yma-mamulis SeZenis Semdeg iq mosaxle qarTvelTa nawili 

somxur sarwmunoebaSi gadadioda~. 227 

miuxedavad imisa, rom qarTuli mosaxleoba masobrivad iRebda grigorianobas, 

isini ar uaryofdnen qarTul enas, wes-Cveulebebs, qarTul xasiaTs. 

marTalia, grigoriani qarTvelebi TavianT Tavs `somexs~ uwodebdnen, magram 

am terminSi (`somexSi~) isini debdnen ara eTnikur Sinaarss, aramed 

mxolod sarwmunoebrivs. 

qarTvel grigorianebs mxolod sarwmunoebrivad miaCndaT TavianTi Tavi 

`somxebad~, eTnikurad ki _ `saqarTvelos Svilebad~. mxolod XIX saukunis 

dasawyisidan aRricxes qarTvelebi grigorianebi erovnebiT somxebad, aseve 

erovnebiT somxebad aRricxes somxuri tipikonis mqone qarTveli kaTolikeebi. 

m. TamaraSvili werda: àm qarTvelebma Tu sarwmunoeba uaryves, gvartomoba 

ar uaruyviaT da arc TavianTi saxelebi dautovebiaT, radgan danarCeni 

marTlmadidebeli qarTvelebi ar edavebodnen gasomxebul qarTvelebs 

TavianTi gvarisa da saxelis Senaxvas~. 228 

ratom iRebdnen qarTvelebi grigorianobas da kaTolikeebi ratom gaxdnen 

somxuri kaTolikuri eklesiis wevrebi? 

iqneb grigorianoba mxolod sarwmunoebriv aRmsareblobas ar niSnavda? 

unda vifiqroT, rom grigorianobis miReba _ es iyo socialuri kategoriis 

Secvla. es iyo raRac msgavsi socialuri revoluciisa. SinaomebiT, lekianobiT, 

mahmadianuri agresiiT gatanjul, dazaralebul glexebsa da xelosnebs 

omi aRar surdaT. Cans, gadasaxadebiT da omebiT gaRatakebuli xalxis 

masebi ise xvdeboda grigorianul sarwmunoebas, rogorc ganmaTavisuflebels


jafariZe 

siRatakisa da omebisagan, marTlac, es sarwmunoeba aTavisuflebda glexs 

da xelosans omis begarisagan, da Cans, sabatono gadasaxadisaganac. 

maTi mfarveli xdeboda Zlieri da mdidari somxuri eklesia, romelic 

uSiSroebis da siRatakisagan daxsnis garantias aZlevda maT, samagierod 

arafers ar iTxovda glexobisa da xelosnebisagan, garda eCmiaZinis religiuri 

upiratesobis aRiarebisa. marTlac, ekonomikurad dauZlurebul 

da amiT avtoritetSelaxul mcxeTasTan (qarTul eklesiasTan) SedarebiT 

mdidar eCmiaZins didi garegnuli brwyinvaleba hqonda. 

magram glexisa da xelosnisaTvis arsebiTi iyo is, rom grigorianobis 

miRebiT igi Zalze xSirad Tavisufldeboda batonymuri urTierTobisagan, 

anda Tu ymad rCeboda, is icvlida socialur kategorias _ glexidan, miwis 

dammuSaveblidan, is iqceoda vaWrad, romelic gacilebiT didi TavisuflebiT 

sargeblobda da qonebis dagrovebis Semdeg ymobidan gamoxsnac ki 

SeeZlo maSin, roca es glexisaTvis gacilebiT ufro Zneli iyo. 

grigorianobis miRebiT, is, rogorc `somexi~, anu vaWari, Tavisufldeboda 

omis begarisagan, es im dros, roca yovel mebatones Tavisi mamuli patara 

saxelmwifod miaCnda da gametebiT ibrZoda am `saxelmwifos~ sazRvrebis 

gafarToebisaTvis. 

im dros, roca mebatoneebi miwis yoveli mtkavelisaTvis gaafTrebiT 

ebrZodnen erTmaneTs (da ebrZodnen yma-glexebis saSualebiT) mudmivi lekianobisa, 

omebisa da ajanyebebis dros, samxedro begarisagan gaTavisufleba 

didi SeRavaTi iyo. 

amis garda, grigorianebs Seqmnili hqondaT erTgvari korporaciebi, urTierTdaxmarebis 

salaroebi TavianT eklesiebTan. eklesia exmareboda Rataks, 

aZlevda bavSvebs ganaTlebas, aswavlida vaWrobas da rac mTavaria, tyved 

wayvanil ojaxebsac ki ixsnidnen fuliT da abrunebdnen TavianT sacxovrebel 

adgilze. es didad mimzidvels xdida grigorianobas. 

saqarTveloSi im dros `somxoba~ aRniSnavda ara erovnebas, aramed socialur 

fenas, socialur kategorias. qveyanaSi arsebobda yma, anu glexi, 

mebatone da `somexi~, anu vaWar-xelosani. 

`somexi~, rogorc wesi, niSnavda grigorian adamians ganurCevlad misi 

erovnebisa (umeteswilad qarTvels), romelic vaWari an potenciuri vaWari 

iyo (xelosnebic vaWrobdnen). 

`somxoba~ _ es iyo vaWar-xelosanTa fena da ara erovneba da isini ar 

idevnebodnen spars-osmalTa mier. frederiko diubua werda: `saocari isaa, 

rom marto qarTvelebs devnidnen da ara somxebs...~ 229 iranSi somxebs yovelgvari 

upiratesoba eniWebodaT, somxebi rogorc iranis, ise TurqeTis ekonomikuri 

warmatebis sayrdeni iyo. somxebs swored vaWroba-xelosnoba evalebodaT. 

somxoba religiur-ekonomikuri organizacia iyo. aman gamoiwvia 

is, rom erT periodSi Sida qarTlis barSi miuxedavad mosaxleobis siWar-


istoria 

729 

bisa, gauqmda yvela qarTuli saepiskoposo (ruisis, urbnisis, niqozis, samTavisis 

da sxva), radganac mosaxleoba gagrigorianda da eCmiaZins Seemata. amitomac 

erekle II-is droisaTvis mcxeTidan vidre lixis qedamde aRarcerTi 

qarTuli saepiskoposo aRar arsebobda. mxolod mcxeTa-Tbilissa da kaxeT- 

Si isxdnen qarTveli episkoposebi! 

z. WiWinaZe werda _ `ZvelTaganve Tbilisis namdvil somxis STamomavali 

moqalaqeni Tavisuflad yidulobdnen qarTvel yma-glexebs. maT hflobdnen 

rogorc undodaT da Tan TavianT sjulzedac miaqcevdnen. devnilni ymani 

eTvisebodnen somexTa, devnilni somxur gvarsa da saxels irqmevdnen, somxurad 

inaTlebodnen da miT gadairCendnen xolme Tavebs~. 230 

`Tbiliseli vaWrebi yidulobdnen marTlmadideblebs, amasTan ara mxolod 

saxlis saWiroebisaTvis, aramed saxelosnoebSi samuSaodac. somxuri 

sarwmunoebis pirTa ymobaSi moxvedrili marTlmadideblebis patronis sarwmunoebaSi 

nebiT Tu uneblieT gadasvla, Cans, zogjer farTo xasiaTs iRebda, 

ris gamoc xelisuflebi drodadro am procesis damuxruWebas arapirdapiri 

gziTac cdilobdnen~. 231 

qarTvelebis grigorianul sarwmunoebaSi masobrivad gadasvlis Semdeg 

somxuri eklesia dainteresebuli iyo, maT SeeTvisebinaT sarwmunoeba, magram 

qarTvelebma ar icodnen somxuri ena _ grigorianuli saeklesio ena, amitomac 

qarTvelebisaTvis qarTuli asoebiT daweril somxurenovan saxarebebs, 

locvebs, saeklesio wignebs avrcelebdnen saqarTvelos somxur eklesiebSi. 

qarTveli grigoriani xelosnebi, vaWrebi da amqrebi saqmes awarmoebdnen 

qarTul enaze. moRweulia uamravi qarTulenovani aseTi davTrebi. 

qarTveli grigoriani poetebic ki qarTul enaze werdnen leqsebs (aseTi 

poeti mravali iyo). 

qarTveli grigoriani istorikosebic ki (magaliTad, farsadan gorgijaniZe 

da sxva wvrili mTxzvelebi) qarTul enaze werdnen. 

qarTveli grigoriani saxelmwifo moxeleebi da aznaurebi qarTul enaze 

awarmoebdnen saqmes. 

saerTod, qarTvel grigorianebs uyvardaT saqarTvelo, qarTuli kultura, 

qarTuli adaT-wesebi da yovelive mamapapuri, saqarTvelos istoria. es 

aRniSnulia mcodneTa mier: `gvelis perangSi~ aseTi adgilia: moqmedeba 

xdeba ara saqarTveloSi, aramed sparseTSi. `somxebis sufraze Taria, viRac 

gasaocrad ukravs. Tari neldeba da meore kaci dairas iRebs, SeaTamaSebs 

xelSi da yurTan miitans da TiTqos ybayuraao, gahkivis baiaTs: `rusTaveli 

aRar gvyavs, gamkiTxavi vin ari... aRsdeg, Tamar dedofalo! SenTvis tiris...~ 

uecrad petriZe wamoxteba: _ vin kiTxavs mag ubedurs an rusTavels an 

Tamars? vahme, istoriav!~ 232 

Tumca, marTlmadideblebi qarTvel grigorianebs qarTvelebad aRar miiCnevdnen, 

magram isini qarTulenovanni iyvnen da aRwerilis msgavsad uyvar-


jafariZe 

daT saqarTvelo, anu Tavisi istoria da winaprebi. aseTi `somxebi~ gansxvavdebian 

namdvili somxebisagan da namdvil somxad arc miaCndaT TavianTi 

Tavi, xolo somxeTSi maT somxebad ar miiCnevdnen. 

somxeTis ajanyebis cnobil meTaurs, daviT-begs, somxebi somxad ar miiCnevdnen 

da qarTvels uwodebdnen. somxuri eklesiis moRvawe artem ararateli 

gadmogvcems: `1796 wels yizlarSi usaxlkarod da ulukmapurod darCenili 

artemi TanamoZme somxebTan eZebs TavSesafars. kidevac axerxebs erTi 

somxis moZebnas, magram es ukanaskneli gulcivad istumrebs gareT. a. araratelis 

SeniSvniT, ìmitom, rom me qarTveli somexi ara var da namdvili 

somxeTis mkvidri var; amasTan dasZina: wadi Sens Tanamemamule mRvdelTan, 

iqneba man Segifaroso~. 233 

aqedan cxadia, rom `qarTveli somxebi~ sxvaa, xolo `namdvili somxeTis 

mkvidri~ _ sxva. qarTveli somexi eTnikurad qarTvelia da mxolod sarwmunoebrivad 

aris `somexi~. 

artem ararateli aRniSnavs saqarTveloSi qarTuli enis sayovelTao xmarebis 

Sesaxeb grigorianTa mier _ àqauri somxebis umravlesobam srulebiT ar 

icis somxuri da qarTulad laparakobs... am adgilebis gavla miT ufro Zneli 

iyo, rom somxebma ar icodnen somxuri ena da qarTulad laparakobdnen~. 234 

a. ararateli ar wers, rom saqarTveloSi yvela somexi laparakobda 

qarTul enaze. is wers _ ùmravlesobam ar icis somxurio~, es imaze unda 

migviTiTebdes, rom somxuris mcodne grigorianebi `namdvili somxebi~ iyvnen, 

gadmosaxlebulni somxeTidan, xolo am enis ucodinari ki adgilobrivi 

mkvidri qarTveli grigorianebi. 

erTi mxiTaristi werda, rom XIX saukunis 20-iani wlebisaTvis `saqarTveloSi 

mosaxle somxebi somxuris ucodinarni iyvnen da qarTulad laparakobdnen~. 235 

iv. gvaramaZe werda _ ùkeTu Cveni winaparni somxebi iyvnen, ra eWvia, 

Tavidanve somxuri ena eqnebodaT Sin Tu gareT saxmareblad, rogorc sasuliero 

pirni eklesiaSi wirva-locvas somxurad asrulebdnen, erSic imave 

enas gaavrcelebdnen, metadre qalaq adgilas, sadac wera-kiTxvis codna 

ueWvelad saWiroa moqalaqe movaWre mozardis axalTaobisaTvis! ra dasajerebelia, 

rom somxis mRvdelma Tavis mowafes qarTuli wera-kiTxva aswavlos 

da somxuri ara? vTqvaT, xmarebaSi qarTuli ena yofiliyo da mis gamo 

somxurisaTvis Tavi daunebebiaT da qarTuli SeutaniaT xmarebaSi, Sin, gareT 

da eklesiebSic, maSin imaT qarTulSi, xom TavianTi somxuri deda enis 

TiTo-orola nawyvetebic aras darCeboda ueWvelad... xolo radgan aravi- 

Tari somxuri enis amgvari elementebi ar daSTenila Cvens qarTuls enaSi, 

cxadi WeSmariteba aris, rom Cveni winaparni qarTvelTa modgmis STamomavlobisani 

arian, misTvis wminda qarTuli ena hqoniaT xmarebaSi~. 236 

imis gamo, rom axlad gagrigorianebulma qarTvelebma somxuri ena ar 

icodnen da amave dros ki maTi ricxvi Zalze didi iyo (didi Tu patara


istoria 

731 

qalaqebis vaWar-xelosani, moqalaqeni, gzispira soflebis glexebi, Sewiruli 

soflebis ymebi), saWiro gaxda maTTvis qarTuli asoebiT daeweraT 

somxuri locvebi, wignebi, saxarebac ki. `somxuri saeklesio literatura 

qarTuli transkripciiT, eWvi araa, somxuri sarwmunoebis qarTvelebisaTvis 

unda Sedgeniliyo, romelTa didma umravlesobam, bunebrivia, somxuri 

wera-kiTxva ar icoda. mosaxleobis amave nawilis sulieri moTxovnilebebis 

dasakmayofileblad zogi somxuri locva iTargmneboda qarTul enaze. 

erT-erTi aseTi naTargmni krebulis daniSnulebis Taobaze giorgi goreli 

gvauwyebs: `gadmoTargmanebuli somxis enidgan qarTvelTa enazed goreli 

gevorg uRirsi varTapetisagan sargoT yrmaTa somxeTis eklesiisaTa, visac 

somxeTis ena ar esmis~. am cnobaSi isaa sayuradRebo, rom giorgi gorelis 

es saeklesio dogmaturi krebuli somex `yrmaTa sargoT~ ki ar uTargmnia, 

aramed `yrmaTa somxeTis eklesiisaTa~, e.i. imaTTvis, vinc somxur eklesias 

ekuTvnoda da amave dros somxuri ar icoda. aseTebi ki, gasagebia, somxuri 

sarwmunoebis qarTvelebi, e.i. qarTveli monofizitebi iyvnen. sxvaTa Soris, 

XIX saukunisaTvisac dasturdeba qarTuli transkrifciiT Sesrulebuli 

somxuri locvis wignebis gavrceleba qarTvel monofizitTa Soris... qarTuli 

transkrifciiT Sesrulebuli da qarTul enaze Targmnili somxuri saeklesio 

dogmaturi literatura, vfiqrobT, kidev erTi damatebiTi sabuTia 

saqarTveloSi somxuri sarwmunoebis qarTvelTa sakmaod mravalricxovani 

koleqtivis arsebobisa. amitom yvela im cnobaSi, sadac mosaxleobis somxuri 

sarwmunoebisadmi kuTvnilebaze mxolod aqcentireba (magaliTisaTvis 

sakmarisi iqneboda, albaT vaxuStis geografiac) marTebuli iqneboda isini 

qarTvel monofizitebad migveCnia. aseve qarTul-somxuri epitafiebi, Tbilisis 

somxur sasaflaoze qarTulwarweriani saflavis qvebi, orenovani qarTulsomxuri 

samoxeleo da piradi beWdebi, ueWvelia, qarTveli monofizitebis _ 

eTnikurad qarTvelisa da sarwmunoebiT somexis gaorebuli bunebis gamomxatvelebi 

unda iyvnen. 

amis garda, sabuTebis erT wyebaSi daculia personaluri miTiTebebi 

qarTvel monofizitebze~. 237 

qarTvel monofizitebs vaxuSti bagrationi `sarwmunoebiT somxebs~ uwodebda, 

xolo maTi ena, qceva-zne da cxovrebis wesi qarTuli iyo. 

is qvemo qarTlis `somxobis~ Sesaxeb wers: àm adgilTa Sina mosaxleni 

arian sarwmunoebiT somexni da mciredad qarTlis sarwmunoebisa, aramed 

qceva-zniTa qarTuliTa~ (t. IV, gv. 312). vaxuStis am cnobaSi, rogorc vxedavT, 

yuradReba TiTqos ZiriTadad gamaxvilebulia sarwmunoebriv momentze, 

romlis gverdiT eTnikurobis cneba sadRac qreba. 238 

`niSandoblivia, rom sarwmunoebrivi kuTvnilebis gareSe moxsenebuli 

Tbilisis somxebis mimarT vaxuSti kulturuli qarTvelobis aRmniSvnel 

imave gamoTqmas iyenebs~. 239


jafariZe 

z. WiWinaZe saqarTveloSi mcxovreb yvela somexs ar uwodebda qarTvel 

grigorians. is mxolod somxuri eklesiis wevr qarTvelebs uwodebda am 

saxels. agreTve z. WiWinaZe ar fiqrobda, rom TbilisSi mcxovrebi yvela 

somexi erovnebiT qarTveli iyoo. is werda, rom Tbilisis somxebSi SeiZleba 

naxevari somxuri sarwmunoebis mqone qarTveli aRmoCndeso. mas amis 

Tqmis uflebas aZlevda Tavisi piradi dakvirveba da gamokiTxva cocxali 

adamianebisa _ swored amgvari `somxebisa~. is werda _ `...dRes mTeli 

qarTl-kaxeTi da masTan imereTic savsea qarTvel grigorianebiT. maT yvelas 

kargad etyobaT, rom igini STamomavlobiT namdvili qarTvelebi unda 

iyvnen da ara somexni, yvela es kargad etyobaT maT, vinc daakvirdeba, yvela 

cxadad SeniSnavs, rom Tu sul ara, umetesi nawili am grigorianebisa unda 

iyvnen namdvilad STamomavlobiT qarTvelni. amas eWvi da yoymani ar unda. 

Tuki vinme daakvirdeba, samwuxarod, amis dakvirveba ki qarTvelebs srulebiT 

ara aqvT... dRes mTelma saqarTvelos erma rom grigorianT sarwmunoeba 

miiRos, mis Semdeg igic Tavis gvar-tomobas e.i. qarTvelobas unda gamoeTxovos?!... 

Tamamad vityviT, rom rac qarTvelTagan gafrangebulan, asi imdeni 

gasomxebula, axalcixe erT dros gasomxebul qarTvelebiT iyo savse. iq 

qarTvelTa ricxvi gafrangebul da gasomxebul qarTvelTagan Sesdgeboda 

da orive ki mainc somxebad iwodebodnen... qarTvels grigorianebTagan 

ZvelTaganve yovelive Sinauri, Tu gareuli, baraTebis wera sul qarTulad 

swarmoebda. maTSi somxurad TviT mRvdlebic ar swerdnen da gind rom 

eweraT, mere amiTi ras gaxdebodnen, arafers. qarTlis qarTvel grigorianebTagan 

qarTuli mwerlobis asparezzed sxvadasxva SesamCnevi mwerlebic 

gamosulan Zvel dros... madaTovi, qiCiknova, CamCi, melqo, saiaTnova, wyaloba 

bebuTovi, osef amirovi... zurab antonovi... _ komediebis mwerali da cnobili 

gvari mixeil birTvelis Ze TumaniSvili, mwerali da meleqse, romelic 

`ciskarSi~ swerda daarsebiTganve da 1869 wels `ciskris~ erTi nomris 

`salayboSi~ is hazri gamoTqva, rom `Cven tomiT qarTvelni varT da mxolod 

sjuliT somexnio~, amaT garda nikoloz xudadovi, anastasia TumaniSvili-wereTlisa... 

ter fili pe yaiTmazaSvili, Tfilisis gegmis damxati ter 

Smovani da mravali sxvani, eniT dauTvlelni, yvelas moTvla aq Znelia, 

xolo imas ki vityviT, rom Zveladganve Tfilisis qarTvel grigorianebs Tu 

somxis STamomavalTaTvis saxalxo enas qarTuli ena Seadgenda. am eniT 

suldgmulobdnen igini... sikvdilis Semdegac ki saflavis qvebzec qarTulad 

awerdnen, aseTis Zvelis qarTulis warwerianis qvebiT savsea Zveli 

xojivanqis sasaflavo, aseve iyo vanqis galavanSi da sxva saydrebTa maxlobladac 

ase iyo, TviT saydris SenebaTa cnobebsac ki swerdnen qarTulad... 

Tbilisis somxoba iseve hpatronobda qarTul enas, rogorc qarTvelni, 

uamisod ar SeiZleboda, radganac maSindeli somexic tomiT qarTveli iyo. 

igi qarTvel grigorianad unda Seracxuliyo. aseT pirTagan qarTuls enazed


istoria 

733 

Zlier bevri wignebia nawer-naTargmni... Cveni mosazreba iyo, rom gvesaubra 

da dagvesabuTebina is garemoebac, rom qarTvelebSi arian iseTnic, romelic 

grigorianTa sarwmunoebas aRiarebdnen da dRes mis meoxebiT igini somxis 

gvaradac iricxebian. aseTi mosazrebis dasamtkiceblad saWiroa cocxali 

cnobebi, namdvili ambebi WeSmaritebasTan axlos mdgari. aseT WeSmaritebas 

emorCileba yoveli ganaTlebuli kaci, am WeSmaritebas veravin ewinaaRmdegeba... 

ai, esec zogi gvarebi qarTvel grigorianebisa... alaverdaSvili, alaverdovi, 

mTawmindeli, mamapapiT qarTulis eniT molaparake, dRes alaverdovi, 

gagvarebuli... igi swers Semdeg sayuradRebo cnobas, romelic umniSvnelo 

iqneba, rom moviyvanoT aq: `me vswavlobdi Tbilisis saxelosno skolaSi. 

me somexi var, magram somxuri ar vicodi, saqarTvelos somxebi martod 

sjuliT varT somxebi, Torem erovnebiT qarTvelebi varT, rogorc frangebi 

da TaTrebic, somxebis ganyofilebaSi qarTuli ena akrZaluli aqvsT, iq 

aravis aswavlian am enas, arc me maswavlidnen, qarTuli wera me Cemis SromiT 

da malviT Seviswavle, amitom amxanagebi me `vracas~ meZaxdnen, e.i. qarTvels, 

roca es ambavi somxuri enis maswavlebelma da mRvdelma Seityes, maT amis 

gamo sastikad gamkicxes, qarTul enas nu swavlobo, aseTi vai-vaglaxiT Seviswavle 

Cemi RviZli ena _ qarTuli~. 240 

z. WiWinaZe CamoTvlis qarTveli grigorianebis gvarebs: alxazaSvili _ 

gvaris gadakeTebis Semdeg _ alxazovi; aWriani; areSiZe _ areSovi; 

abulovi _ abulianci _ Zveli gvari abulaZe; baraTaSvili; baqraZe _ 

basilaSvili _ basilovi; begTabegisSvili; gigauri; giorgaZe _ axali 

gvari giorgianci; gvelesiani _ axali gvari gvelianci; durgliSvili; 

berZeniSvili; dalaqiSvili; gulaSvili _ ivangulaSvili _ ivangulovi; 

mamulaSvili _ mamulovi; RaribaSvili _ karibovi; lolaZe; ambardana; 

kuxtievi; mamacaSvili; maCabeli; sandaZe; turiaSvili; TarxniSvili; mzareuli; 

sosiaSvili; SaburiSvili _ Saburovi; RarliaZe; muCaiZe; TuSiSvili 

_ TuSurianci, laziSvili; obolgogianci; RambaraSvili; rostomaSvili; 

jaSitaSvili; aTabegovi _ jayeli; zurabiSvili; did-zurabiSvili _ 

did-zurabovi; qoniaSvili _ gvaris gadakeTebis Semdeg _ salovi; mesanTliSvili 

_ gvaris gadaTargmnis Semdeg _ sveCnikovi; meliaSvili _ 

gvaris gadaTargmnis Semdeg _ lisiciani; xuciSvili; gomelauri; sulxaniSvili; 

zoziaSvili; lomiZe; panCuliZe _ panCuliani; fridonaSvili; 

malxaziSvili; elisbarovi; nadiraZe; menTeSaSvili _ manTaSovi; wamalaSvili; 

koxtaSvili; iasamanovi; aRniaSvili; buxraSvili; alaverdiSvili; namuraZe; 

qoCoraSvili _ qoCrianci; mamajanaSvili; maminaSvili; SanSeSvili; 

mirazaSvili; TavqalaSvili _ Tav-qalianci; puradSvili _ puradovi; TumaniSvili; 

javaxiSvili; mirianaSvili; narimanaSvili; wereTeli; martiaSvili; 

faniaSvili; Zikovi; xidarbegiSvili; xaxanaSvili; zaliaSvili; xizanovi; 

meRvinovi; bainduraSvili; CxeiZe; dadiani; doRaSvili; koSkaSvili;


jafariZe 

gozalovi; safariSvili; ximSiaSvili; wmindoaSvili; dondarovi; giorgaZe; 

qitiaSvili; xaraziSvili; meRoriSvili; CareqaSvili; metiviSvili; xaxutaSvili; 

manvelovi; afxaziSvili; xublaria; WipaSvili; RvTisievi... 241 

arc erTi zemoT dasaxelebul avtors ar miaCnia, rom saqarTveloSi 

mcxovrebi yvela somexi warmoSobiT uTuod qarTvelia, ara, isini weren, rom 

saqarTveloSi cxovrobda somxeTidan gadmosaxlebul `namdvil somexTa~ 

garkveuli raodenoba, magram maT gverdiT cxovrobdnen is qarTvelebi, 

romelTac miiRes grigorianuli sarwmunoeba da agreTve is qarTvelebi, 

romelTac miiRes kaTolikuri sarwmunoeba somxuri tipikoniT. Semdgom, 

radganac xalxi im dros erTmaneTisagan ver arCevda erovnebasa da sarwmunoebriv 

mimarTulebas, somxur eklesiasTan dakavSirebuli yvela qarTveli 

`somxad~ iqna CaTvlili. 

aseTi mdgomareoba gamonaklisi ar aris. cnobilia, rom is qarTvelebi, 

romlebmac mahmadianoba miiRes _ `TaTrebad~ iwodebodnen qristianTa mier. 

xolo is qarTvelebi ki, romelTac kaTolikoba miiRes, `frangebad~ iwodebodnen 

marTlmadidebelTa mier. aseve grigorian qarTvelebs `somxebs~ 

uwodebdnen. cota mogvianebiT ki somxurti pikoniani qarTveli kaTolikeebic 

`somxebad~ iqna aRricxuli. 

qarTveli kaTolikeebi rom `somxdebian~, es dadasturebulia mecnierTa 

mier. m. TamaraSvilma vatikanSi moZiebul dokumentebze dayrdnobiT es 

daamtkica Tavis wignebSi. 

`rac Seexeba qarTvel kaTolikeebs, imis gamo, rom vatikanSi kongregaciis 

mier qarTuli ena ar iyo damtkicebuli RvTismsaxurebisaTvis moqmed enad, 

gabatonda laTinuri da somxuri enebi. imis gamo, rom TurqeTma XVI-XVII 

ss. Caketa evropaSi misasvleli gzebi da misionerebs aukrZales aq Semosvla, 

TandaTan qarTuli kaTolikuri eklesiebidan gamoidevna laTinuri 

enac (misi ucodinarobis gamo) da qarTveli kaTolikeebi SerCnen somxur 

enas, xSir SemTxvevaSi qarTvel kaTolikeTa mrevls somex kaTolikeTa 

warmomadgenlebi Tu gasomxebuli qarTvelebi winamZRvrobdnen. aseTi vi- 

Tareba qarTvel kaTolikeTa srul dabnevas iwvevda, radgan metyvelebdnen 

qarTulad, aiZulebdnen elocaT somxurad, adidebdnen romis paps da cxovrobdnen 

Turquli politikis qveS. 

somxur-kaTolikuri eklesia xelmZRvanelobda maT jvriswera-monaTvlas. 

monaTvlisas arqmevdnen somexi kaTolike episkoposis mier rekomendebul 

saxelebs da ase TandaTan icvleboda maTi namdvili vinaoba. xSirad axal 

saxels axali gvaris xelovnurad Seqmna da gadakeTebac mosdevda. Sovinisti 

kaTolike moZRvarni yvelafers akeTebdnen imisaTvis, rom qarTvel 

kaTolikeebs daeviwyebinaT mSobliuri ena, gvari, warmomavloba da bolos, 

radganac kongregacias maT saeklesio enad somxuri hqonda damtkicebuli, 

somxebad gamoecxadebinaT. samwuxarod, rogorc ukve zemoT vnaxeT, sof. 

velis magaliTze, mesxeTis sinamdvileSi es nawilobriv kidec gakeTda~. 242


istoria 

735 

m. TamaraSvili wers, Turq-osmalebis batonobam Tu rogor gaanadgura 

mesxeTi, amas `..dResac RaRadebs gaveranebuli qveyana, auracxeli nangrevebi 

da metadre samcxis didebuli 19 saepiskoposos erTianad mospoba. am 

uwyalo svras vinc ki gadaurCa qarTveli marTlmadidebelTagani, Zalauneburad 

mahmadianoba miiRo, radgan XVI saukuneSive osmaleTma mouspo gza 

evropel misionerebsa, umwyemsod datovebul samcxis qarTvel kaTolikebsac 

igive Savi dRe daadgaT, xolo maTma mcire ricxvma SeirCina ukve 

miRebuli kaTolike sarwmunoeba somxis tipikonis miRebiTa, radgan am 

dros somxobas osmaleTi ise ar awuxebda, rogorc sxva tomis qristianebs, 

romlebic daixsna ara marto sikvdilisagan, aramed sxva bevrnairi Sewuxebisganac. 

am garemoebis wyalobiT, isini SeuerTdnen somxis tomis kaTolikebs 

ara marto sarwmunoebiT, aramed erobrivadac, raTa maTsaviT uSiSrad 

yofiliyvnen gamZvinvarebuls osmaleTis mTavrobis xelSi. verc gabedes 

Semdeg qarTuli tibikonis miReba, radgan maTi mtarvali batonisagan 

moelodaT an sikvdili, an gamahmadianeba~. 243 

m. TamaraSvili aRwers srul suraTs, Tu ra mizezis gamo iRebdnen 

qarTvelebi somxurenovan wirva-locvas TavianT eklesiebSi da Tu ratom 

aRiarebdnen isini TavianT Tavs somxebad da ara qarTvelebad. aRniSnavs, 

rom amgvari `gasomxebiT~ qarTvelebi ara marto qristianobas inarCunebdnen, 

aramed xSirad sicocxlesac ki. somxurma eklesiam SeZlo sikvdilisagan 

daexsna da qristianobisaTvis SeenarCunebina uamravi qarTveli. igive 

iTqmis qarTveli grigorianebis Sesaxebac _ isinic somxur eklesias efarebodnen 

TavianTi col-Svilis, sicocxlisa Tu qonebis gadarCenis mizniT. 

qarTul eklesias ki, rogorc cnobilia, ebrZodnen osmaleTic da sparseTic, 

ara marto qarTuli saxelmwifoebrioba iyo maTTvis miuRebeli, aramed 

qarTuli eklesiac. SeiZleba iTqvas, am uTanasworo brZolaSi qarTuli 

eklesia gamarjvebuli gamovida dasavleT da aRmosavleT saqarTveloSi. 

mesxeTis, saingilosa da lore-taSiris garda man TiTqmis mTel saqarTveloze 

gavlena SeinarCuna. 

XIX saukunis bolos aRmoCnda, rom saqarTvelos zogierTi daba-qalaqis, 

soflisa Tu kuTxeebis mosaxleobis erT nawils somxebi Seadgendnen. m. 

TamaraSvilma, romelic dainteresebuli iyo am sakiTxiT, moiZia sxvadasxva 

ucxoenovani wyaroebi da ganacxada: `raodenic ki SegveZlo, TiTqmis yvela 

SesaniSnavi aRmosavleTis istoria da mgzavrTa werilebi gamoviZieT, magram 

veraferi vpoeT somxebis gadmosaxlebis Sesaxeb saqarTveloSi uwinares 

XVII saukunisa. amisaTvis unda vTqvaT, rom somxebs gadmosaxleba da 

saqarTveloSi damkvidreba dauwyiaT XVII saukunis damdegs~... 244 

somxebi SeiZleba gadmosaxlebuliyvnen 1615-1618 wlebSi Sah-abasis mier 

saqarTvelos mooxrebis dros. 1687-1747 wlebSi nadir-Sahis dros, 1780 

wels erekles mier. 245


jafariZe 

magram maTi raodenoba didi ar iyo. 

somexTa Zalze didi gadmosaxleba iwyeba XIX saukuneSi, 1804 wlis 

dasawyisSi, 1828 wels sparseTidan gadmosaxlda 40 aTas sulze meti somexi, 

1829 wels TurqeTidan gadmosaxlda 70 aTas sulze meti somexi. 246 gadmosaxldnen 

agreTve 1895 wels. 

miuxedavad amisa, rogorc paata guguSvili werda, XIX saukunis dasawyis- 

Si somexTa procentuli raodenoba amierkavkasiaSi didi ar iyo da 6%-s 

Seadgenda. 

gadmosaxlebuli somxebi srulebiT ganirCeodnen saqarTvelos adgilobrivi 

`somxebisagan~ eniT, qceva-zniT, wes-CveulebiT, cxovrebis saxiT da 

yovelmxriv. 

`vaxuSti borCalos aRweraSi asaxelebs esred: àm adgilTa Sina mosaxleni 

arian sarwmunoebiT somexni da mciredad qarTlis sarwmunoebisa, 

aramed qceva-zniTa qarTuliTa~. amnair somxebis tomiT qarTvelobisa Cven 

eWvi ara gvaqvs, radgan sazogadod SeniSnulia, rom somxebi saca wavlen, 

TavianT zne-Cveulebas ar stovdnen da sxvisas ar scvlian, sxvaTa Soris, 

TviT mogzauri gambac mowmobs, rom saqarTveloSi somxebi arafriT emsgavsebian 

qarTvelebs da maTSi irCevian TavianTi zne-CveulebiT. am faqts 

yvelani cxadad davinaxavT, ukeTu CavukvirdebiT am erTi saukunis wineT 

saqarTveloSi gadmosaxlebul somxebs, romlebsac TavianTi ararai dautovebiaT 

da sxva zne-Cveuleba ar SeuTvisebiaT. dResac yvelaferSi iseTi 

somxebi arian, yovelis mxriT, rogorc iyvnen am erTi saukunis wineT, aq 

gadmosaxlebis dros. es faqti sabuTs gvaZlevs qarTvel tomad SevracxoT 

yvela isini, romlebsac somxebisa marto sarwmunoeba aqvT da ara zne- 

Cveuleba. is sakiTxi, rom qarTvelobaSic moipovebian somxis merjuleni _ 

e.i. qarTveli grigorianebi, jer b. kldiam aRZra ìveriaSi~ 1902 wels, 

xolo Semdgom imave wels moskovis lazares aRmosavleTi enebis institutis 

profesorma b. xaxanaSvilma `kavkaz~ _ rusul gazeTSi. amave sagans 

Seexo batoni lasi 1904 wlis ianvris dRis ìveriaSi~. 247 

qarTvel grigorianebs, rogorc cnobilia, `somxebs~ uwodebdnen. agreTve, 

qarTvel kaTolikeebsac, gansakuTrebiT ki somxurenovani wirva-locvis mqoneT. 

amitomac qarTvelTa gadagvarebis am saxes unda ewodos qarTvelTa 

armenizacia. 

m. TamaraSvili wers _ àxlaxans gorSi da axalcixeSi (1703 da 1705 w.) 

dawerili sabuTebi aRmoaCines, romlebic cxadad gvimtkiceben iqauri kaTolikebis 

qarTvelobas naTlisRebis saxelebiT da sxva garemoebiT... ai, xsenebul 

axlad napovn sabuTebSi zogierTi saxelebi: mindoraTi, mananaZe, waldaZe, 

nebieriZe, miqelaZe, xurciZe, qaTamaTi, zazaTi, beroTi, beromelaTi, malxazaTi, 

keJeraTi, gulspaTi, tetiaTi, batonaTi... xizanaTi, cxelaTi, TeliaTi, tyavaZe, 

omiaZe, maisuraZe, horovelaTi, meCxuaTi, filiWamiaTi, godelaTi, godermaTi,


istoria 

737 

TuTelaTi, xuTqalTi... naxvretaTi, qvaTi, fufulaTia, gediaTi, kenWianTi, xrinwianTi... 

kbilaTi, koWibrolaTi, sardalaTi, kandelakianTi, ZamaTi, puwkaTi, 

xaxianaTi, gelaWamiaTi, WotuaTi, eTeraTi, puradaTi, qoCoraTi, RviniaTi, CitirekaTi, 

amzerianTi, qoniaaTi da sxva... (kacebis saxelebi) qristesa, RvTisa, 

aRdgomela, maxara, darCia, oWia, gania, beruka, Cita, Sermazana, erekle, ramaza, 

sava, niko, gogita, farsadana, nadira, xoSa, maxarobeli, kikina, zaali, elizbara, 

glaxa, saba, JoJua, beJana, zuraba, amirana, papua, mamuka, paata, gogia, beJua, 

mamula, Saqro, nikaSa, malaqia, nono, nonia, iordane, sayvarela, Sio, Tamaza da 

sxva. dedakacis saxelebi: mzeqala, mzisadara, vardigula, gulsunda, iagunda, 

naTelo, dediqala, dedijanu, darejana, TuTa, TvalSvenieri, ZuZuna, Tamara, 

lelo, ybawiTela, gundo, batondeda, gulgula, ybaCua, bangiani, vardo, gundo, 

dedeba, TeTrua, loyawiTela, gedo, kakalo, yayaCo da sxva~. 248 

yvela eseni qarTveli kaTolikeni somxebad iwodebodnen. simarTle gairkva 

mixeil TamaraSvilisa da sxva qarTvel moRvaweTa gmiruli TavdadebiT. 

Tbilisis moqalaqeTa gagrigorianebis Semdeg grigorianTa ubnebSi arsebuli 

qarTvelTa eklesiebi umrevlod da umoqmedod darCenilni _ grigorianebs 

rCebodaT. maTi marTlmadidebeli winaprebis mier iyo aSenebuli 

kidec es eklesiebi. eklesiis mrevli mxolod sarwmunoebas icvlida, saeklesio 

Senoba ki kvlav Zveli rCeboda. TamaraSvili wers _ ài, sxvaTa Soris, 

ravdeni eklesiebi daiCemes da maTSi qarTuli warwerebi gaaqres _ tfilisSi 

meidnis Tavze yofila patara gumbaTiani eklesia, dRes surf-georqad 

wodebuli wm. nikolozis eklesia, dRes jigraSenis eklesiad wodebuli, 

avlabris xidis iqiT myofi isnis eklesia, feTxainis eklesia, Zvelad beTlemis 

RvTismSoblisad wodebuli, tfilisis axlos TeleTis wmida giorgis 

eklesia, Savnabadas eklesia, Telavis RvTismSoblis eklesia, romelic erekle 

mefis saxlis ezoSi yofila, javaxeTSi kumurdos eklesia da sxva~. 249 

marTlac, giuldenStedti, romelmac imogzaura saqarTveloSi, CamoTvlis 

Tbilisis somexTa eklesiebs. mas Tavis teqstSi ucvlelad gadaaqvs eklesiaTa 

saxelebi, romlidanac Cans, rom am eklesiebs ixsenieben qarTuli 

saxeliT `saydari~, kerZod, am somxur eklesiebs hqviaT _ 

`Zichis Sagdari~ _ e.i. `cixis saydari~, 

`Petcherno Sagdari~ _ e.i. `feTxainis saydari~, 

`Wankis Sagdari~ _ e.i. `vanqis saydari~, 

`Melikis und Subsarnisi Sagdari~ _ e.i. `meliqis, anu subsarqisis saydari~, 

`sagaSeni~, `noraSeni~, `moRnini~, `jigraSeni~, `surbniSani~, `kozmani~, `qamoani _ 

qamoanT eklesia~, `zirkiani _ zirkianT eklesia~, `subkarapetesa~, `kasebis~, `petros~, 

anu `subkarapetas~ saydari an eklesia; `kasebis~ eklesia, `petros eklesia~. 250 

sxvaTa Soris, aRsaniSnavia, rom giuldenStedtis dakvirvebiT lekebis 

garemocvaSi mcxovrebi qarTvelebi lekdebodnen, xolo osTa Soris mcxovrebi 

qarTvelebic aseve kargavdnen enas da religias.


jafariZe 

`kavkasiel mTielTa Soris, gansakuTrebiT lekebsa da osebSi arian 

bevri qarTvelebi, romelTac religiasTan erTad, enac daiviwyes. 251 

mogzauri aRniSnavs, rom qarTveloba im soflebisa, romlebic moeqca 

mahmadianebis xelqveiT, gamahmadiandnen da amiT gaTaTrdnen~, _ igulisxmeba 

saingilo. 

`...Warma Semdegi soflebi mostaca kaxeTs _ alianaTi, kaxi, varxiani da 

inguxi. isini ekuTvnian ukve dasaxlebul Warel patara mTavrebs. maTi 

mosaxleoba jerac qarTvelebia, magram cota aqvT qarTuli Cvevebi da 

TiTqmis ureligiod arian. Tumca, meti wili mosaxleobisa qarTvelebia, 

mainc isini sarwmunoebiT mahmadianebi arian... es mxare TebelTan erTad 

adre emorCileboda kaxeTis mefes da iyo qristianuli. axla is damoukidebelia. 

ara aqvs religia. gansakuTrebiT Wari Zalian yaCaRuria. isini Tvlian 

Tavs sunis seqtis mahmadianebad~. 252 

giuldenStedti aRwers, Tu rogor icleboda qarTlis mTianeTi qarTuli 

mosaxleobisagan da rogor upatronod da umrevlod rCeboda qarTvelTa 

eklesiebi. cxinvalis CrdiloeTiT aCabeTis cixidan 15 wuTis savalze aris 

sofeli qurTa, romelic dasaxlebulia qarTvelebiTac da osebiTac... sofel 

sxlebSi jer kidev aris patara Zveli qviTkiris eklesia, romelSic jerec 

dgas vercxliT moWedili jvari, is aris 2 futis simaRlis da 40 wlis 

winaT Tavad maCabelma da misma meuRlem Semoswires. Tavads ar hqonia 

sazafxulo saxli. es eklesia axla mxolod damnaSave osebs emsaxureba 

TavSesafarad~. 253 

n. berZeniSvili wers, rom Crdilokavkasieli tomebi saqarTvelosaken 

jer kidev XIII saukuneSi daiZrnen, magram erTiani saqarTvelos saxelmwifos 

daSlis Semdeg (XVI saukunidan) isini TandaTanobiT Semovidnen 

saqarTveloSi da adgilobriv mcxovreblebs Seerivnen. 

`XIII saukuneSi oqros urdos monRolebma imierkavkasiis velebi daiWires 

da Tavis samomTabarod aqcies. mTas Semoxiznuli adgilobrivi mosaxleoba 

_ afxazni, Cerqezni, osni, RunZ-RliRvni TandaTan amierkavkasiisaken moiwevdnen 

da piraqeT kavkasiis tomebs _ dvalebs, fxovelebs ereodnen~. 254 

Tu XIX saukunemde, ase Tu ise, qarTuli eklesia icavda saqarTvelos 

qarTuli mosaxleobis `qarTvelobas~, imis Semdeg, rac saqarTvelos avtokefalia 

gauqmda, kidev ufro gaRrmavda qarTvelTa rogorc armenizaciis, ise 

sxva tomebsa da xalxebSi asimilaciis procesi, rogorc amas imdroindeli 

aRweris masalebi uCveneben. 

qsnis xeobaSi `sof. zodexis ZiriTadi mkvidrni 1774 wels iyvnen odiSvilebi... 

sainteresoa eTnografiuli masala odiSvilebis Sesaxeb. `Cveni 

warmoSoba sul sxva gvari iyo. Zir-gvari yofila cecxlaZe. Tavidan mejudis 

xeobis sofel ardisSi ucxovriaT. mand yofilan sami Zmani cecxlaZeebi 

(aRsaniSnavia, rom cecxlaZeebi 1744 wlis aRweris Tanaxmad WurTisxe-


istoria 

739 

vis mkvidrni arian _ r.T. ixileT javax. gv. 184). erTs erqva bedo, meores _ 

mela, mesames _ odi. eseni Camosulan da daukargavT namdvili gvari ceclxlaZe 

da gadakeTebulan sam gvarad: odiSvilad, bedoSvilad da melaZed. 

melaZis winapari dasaxlda WerTSi, odiSvilisa _ zodexSi, bedoSvilisa _ 

safarSeTSi. melaZeebi da bedoSvilebi _ gaosdnen. xevSic arian odiSvilebi. 

papaCemis gadmocemiT isini zodexSi modiodnen salocavad~. 255 

`XIV saukunidan qarTlis mTaSi iwyeba osuri nakadis SemoRweva~. 256 

osebi jer didi da patara liaxvis saTaveebTan, xolo ufro mogvianebiT 

qsnis xeobis saTaveebSi esaxlebian. dvaluri mosaxleoba osuri dafenebis 

qveS eqceva. osuri dafenebis qveS moeqca adgilze mosaxle qarTveloba, 

romelTac osebisagan Seiswavles salaparako ena da gadmoiRes maTi zne- 

Cveulebani, es procesi daiwyo XIV saukunidan da dRemde grZeldeba. 257 

rogorc aRiniSna, XIX saukuneSi qarTuli eklesiis avtokefaliis gauqmebis 

Semdeg qarTvelTa gagrigorianebas farTo xasiaTi hqonia _ ès SeRavaTi 

da kidev bevri sxvac (rom mahmadianuri samyaro somxur eklesias 

naklebad aviwroebda) qarTvelTaTvis erTgvar satyuaras warmoadgenda, rasac 

Raribi glexoba Tu Raribi qarTveli moqalaqe advilad etaneboda. am 

niadagze bevrma qarTvelma miiRo grigorianoba da somexad mogvevlina. 

gasomxeba mimdinareobda ara marto qalaqebSi, aramed soflebSic. 

XIX saukunis meore naxevarSi batonymobis gadavardnis Semdeg, mravali 

qarTveli mebatonis mamuli uvardeboda somex didvaWars. zogjer am mamulze 

msxdomi glexebi axali mebatonis sarwmunoebasac Rebulobdnen~. 258 

eTnograf n. volkovas 1976 wels dmanisis raions sof. vardisubanSi aseTi 

saintereso masala aqvs dafiqsirebuli: vardisubanSi cxovroben qarTvelebi 

da somxebi. somxebi ewerebian minasiancebad, miqeliancebad, avaqianebad 

da marqarianebad, pasportSic uweriaT, rom arian somxebi. maT somxuri ena 

ar ician. maTi mSobliuri ena qarTulia. yofiTi wes-CveulebiT da kulturis 

yvela niSniT qarTvelebi arian, somxur yofasTan araferi akavSirebT. 

TiTqos iseTi suraTi iqmneboda, rom somxebis qarTvelebTan asimilacias 

unda hqonoda adgili, sinamdvileSi ki es ase ar ariso, wers n. volkova. 

gamokiTxvis Sedegad gairkva, rom aqauri somxuri gvarebis matareblebi 

warmoSobiT qarTvelebi arian da aq asiode wlis win mosulan sxvadasxva 

raionebidan. ase, magaliTad, minasiancebis da miqaeliancebis winapari diRmeli 

TeTraZeebi yofilan, romlebic diRmidan sami Taobis win gadasulan. marqarovebis 

winapari goreli menabdiSvilebi yofilan. marqarovebs vardisubanSi 

axlac menabdianTs eZaxian (patronimiul saxels) da ara marqarovebs. 

aqaurebs kargad axsovT, Tu rogor Seucvala adgilobrivma somexma memamulem 

qarTvelebs qarTuli gvarebi somxurad. 

Cvens mier 1985 wels amave sofelSi igive masala iqna damowmebuli. mag. 

simoniSvilebs somexma mebatonem simoniancebad gadaukeTa gvari.


jafariZe 

somxebi imTaviTve xels hkidebdnen vaWroba-xelosnobas. grigorianuli 

eklesia qarTuli eklesiisgan erTgvarad ganze idga. somxur mosaxleobas 

mRvdelmsaxurebisaTvis XX saukunis dasawyisSi Sida qarTlis raionebSi 

133 eklesia da 137 mRvdeli tertera emsaxureboda. maTi mrevli 100 

aTasamde kacs Seadgenda~. 259 

`...gansakuTrebiT Rirebulia XIX saukuneSi ramdenjerme Catarebuli mosaxleobis 

kameraluri aRweris masalebi da 1886 wlis saojaxo siebi (ss). 

qarTveli monofizitebi (grigorianebi) xSir SemTxvevaSi somxuri erovnebisadmi 

arian miTvlili. am SemTxvevaSi gadamwyveti azri aRmwerTa mier 

sarwmunoebriv momentzea gadatanili. Tu qarTveli, marTlmadidebluri 

rwmenis garda aRiarebda sxva sarwmunoebas, is mosaxleobis SexedulebiT 

qarTveli aRar iyo. ase moinaTlnen somxebad aRmosavleT da samxreT 

saqarTvelos mosaxleobis garkveuli nawili, frangebad (da somxebad) _ 

kaTolike qarTvelebi samcxe-javaxeTSi, ingiloebad _ mahmadiani qarTvelebi 

istoriul hereTSi, Turqebad _ mahmadiani qarTvelebi samxreT-dasavleT 

saqarTveloSi... cnobilia, rom saqarTveloSi monofizituri qristianoba 

gavrcelda qarTvelTa Sorisac da Camoyalibda qarTvel grigorianTa Taviseburi 

jgufi... goris mazris Tarianis sazogadoebis sofel axaldabaSi 

sxvadasxva gvaris qarTvelebTan erTad mosaxleoben papuaSvilebi, TaTriSvilebi, 

nacvliSvilebi, TandilaSvilebi, giorgaSvilebi, kutiSvilebi, javaxiSvilebi. 

CamoTvlil gvarTa warmomadgenlebi somxuri eTnikuri fenisadmi 

arian mikuTvnebuli. Cveni Rrma rwmeniT, sarwmunoebrivi momentis gamo, 

aRniSnuli gvar-saxelebis matarebelni amave ss-is mixedviT saqarTvelos 

sxva regionebSic arian gansaxlebulni da yvelani qarTvelebs ekuTvnian... 

saerTod, 1886 wlis ss-iT SeiZleba gamoTvla, Tu ramdeni komli, gvari, suli 

aris Camocilebuli xelovnurad qarTul eTnoss da meqanikurad sxva eTnosze, 

am SemTxvevaSi somxurze miwerili... axalqalaqi (qarTlis) somxuri 

gvarsaxelebis CamoTvlas aq ar SevudgebiT, magram unda davasaxeloT zogierTi 

`somxuri~ gvarsaxeli: mamasaxliSvili, qvriviSvili, xuciSvili, mezurniSvili, 

goginaSvili, oqromWedliSvili, CalaSvili, tatanaSvili, abuaSvili, 

gabrieliZe, wverianaSvili, mWedliSvili, nasyidaSvili, iverianovi, firaliSvili, 

goderZiSvili, mamacaSvili... CamoTvlil gvarsaxelebs qarTuli Zirebi 

aqvT, eTnografiuli masalebiTac isini grigoriani qarTvelebi iyvnen... goris 

mazris sof. berbukSi mosaxleobdnen gigaurebi. ss-iT gigaurebi somxurgrigorianuli 

sarwmunoebis gamo, somxuri eTnosisadmi arian mikuTvnebulni... 

verxviaSvilebis erTi komli Tu somxuri grigorianuli sarwmunoebis 

mimdevari da erovnebiT `somexia~, meore _ marTlmadidebelia da qarTvelia. 

goris mazris sofel vayaSi somxuri eTnosisadmi arian mikuTvnebulni 

imedaSvilebi, mamulaSvilebi, mekariSvilebi... grakalSi _ papuaSvilebi, goginaSvilebi, 

durgliSvilebi, tatiaSvilebi; did garejvarSi _ TuSiSvilebi, 

munjiSvilebi, dirbSi _ kulumbegaSvilebi (am gvaris warmomadgenlebi, saerTod,


istoria 

741 

osebi arian), doliaSvilebi, moZmanaSvilebi, TeTruaSvlebi, qoTuaSvilebi, 

berianaSvilebi, paataSvilebi... zemorexSi _ kakitaSvilebi, mamukelaSvilebi, 

qarTveliSvilebi, kabulaSvilebi (es gvaric osuria), tyviavSi _ qarelebi, 

merabiSvilebi, giguaSvilebi, xabaziSvilebi da mravali sxva. sof. kavTisxev- 

Si somxur-grigorianuli rwmenis gamo somxuri erovnebisadmi arian mikuTvnebulni: 

nanikaSvilebi, qsovrelebi, iremaSvilebi, basiaSvilebi, biWikaSvilebi... 

qvaxvrelSi _ berikaSvilebi, papiaSvilebi, gogolaSvilebi, meTiaSvilebi, xuciSvilebi, 

gigolaSvilebi... axalgorSi mosaxleoben iseTi gvarebic, romlebic 

somxuri eTnosisadmi konfesiuri mikuTvnebulobis gamo arian miwerili. 

aseT grigorian qarTvelebs Soris SeiZleba davasaxeloT: mzareulovi, 

burdinovi, mearayovi, kakilovi, kikolaSvili, xubaSvili (ZiriTadad 

osi), xocuelaSvili, beriaSvili, loseuraSvili, gaTenaSvili, geliaSvili, 

daTiaSvili, gremelaSvili, cagareli. eTnografiuli masalebiTac, CamoTvlili 

gvarebi qarTvelebi arian, romlebmac garkveuli mizezebis gamo 

miiRes somxur-grigorianuli sarwmunoeba da Sesabamisad, miekuTvnen somxur 

erovnebas... qarTveli grigorianebis CamoTvla 1886 wlis ss-is mixedviT 

SeiZleba gagvegrZelebina agreTve Tbilisis, Telavis, siRnaRis mazrebidan... 

aviRoT magaliTad, Tbilisis mazris sofeli _ axalsofeli, sadac mosaxle 

kazarovebis erT nawils miwerili aqvT _ èseni maTiaSvilebi arian~. meore 

nawils _ èseni marTiaSvilebi arian~. sofel kumisSi mkvidrobda~ keklovi 

(eseni alaverdaSvilebia)~. kumisis mosaxleobis didi nawili qarTvelebi 

iyvnen (grigorianuli rwmenis gamo ki somxebad arian Cawerili)... babalaSvili, 

guraspaSvili (Seadare guraspauli), sayvarelaSvili, maTuraZe, TaTaraSvili, 

gziriSvili, garsevanovi, xoritovi, guramovi, gabievi, JuJiaSvili, 

tetiaSvili, kaxelaSvili, qobulaSvili, olqiaSvili, dedilaSvili, niniaSvili, 

soziaSvili, maisuraZe, sayevarovi, kaxurovi, rostiaSvili... patara ergneTSi 

_ `griquraSvili (eseni mestviriSvilebi arian)~, sarTiWalaSi _ 

`stefanovi (eseni garsiaSvilebia)~, sanioreSi _ òxanaSvili (orkodaSvilebia)~, 

`sarqisaSvili (kikuaSvilebia)~, yandaurSi _ `kuzanaSvili (gamtkiculaSvilebia)~; 

CumlaySi _ `demurovi (menabdiSvilebia)~; ananaurSi _ 

`stepanovi (muxaSvilebia)~... mTeli Sua saukuneebis manZilze saqarTveloSi 

somxuri mosaxleoba iyo, da Sesabamisad, qarTveli grigorianebic, magram am 

ukanasknelTa raodenobis zrda gansakuTrebiT igrZnoba XIX saukunis Sua 

xanebidan (araerTi magaliTi SeiZleboda mogvetana XIX saukunis sxvadasxva 

periodis kameraluri aRwerebidan, romlebSic esa Tu is gvarebi jer 

marTlmadideblebad da qarTvelebad, Semdeg ki grigorianebad da somxebad 

arian Cawerili). saqarTveloSi XIX saukuneSi qarTveli grigorianebis 

zrda, Cveni azriT, dakavSirebuli unda iyos qveyanaSi kapitalisturi urTierTobis 

swraf zrdasa da 1811 wlidan saqarTvelos marTlmadidebluri 

eklesiis avtokefaliis dakargvasTan~. 260 

zemoT aRwerili procesi saqarTveloSi XX saukuneSic unda gagrZelebuliyo, 

magaliTad, aviRoT mesxeTi. aq 5 raionSi axalqalaqis, bogdanovkis, aspin-


jafariZe 

Zis, axalcixisa da adigenis raionebSi, 1923-24 wlebidan 1980 wlamde, aRar 

moqmedebda arc erTi qarTuli eklesia (arc marTlmadidebluri da arc 

qarTul-kaTolikuri), 1980 wels, axalcixis wmida marines eklesiis gaxsnamde, 

amave periodSi ki aq uwyvetad moqmedebdnen somxur-grigorianuli eklesiebi 

axalqalaqsa da axalcixeSi da somxur-kaTolikuri eklesia _ axalcixis 

raionis sof. sxvilisSi. amis gamo, mTeli mosaxleoba (da 1944 wlidan aq 

Camosaxlebuli imerloba) monaTluli iyo somxur eklesiebSi. am ambis TviTmxilveli 

meca var da amJamad mcxovrebTa umravlesobac amas adasturebs. 1924- 

1980 wlebSi qarTvelebi somxebTan inaTlebodnen qarTuli eklesiis umoqmedobis 

gamo, im motiviT, rom `mironi xom mainc erTiao~. `mironi xom mainc 

msoflioSi yvelgan somxeTidan modis, Cvenc xom somxuri mironi gvaqvso~. 

cxadia, aseTi Tvalsazrisi arasworia da SeiZleba gangeb gavrcelebuli. 

qarTvelTa armenizaciis sxvadasxva meTods Soris SeiZleba gamoirCes: 

mosaxleobis darwmuneba da ekonomiuri zemoqmedeba. pirvelis Sesaxeb miu- 

TiTebs 1813 wels qarTul enaze eCmiaZinSi dabeWdili da saqarTveloSi 

gavrcelebuli sigeli. am sigels xels aweren (TavianTi beWdiT adastureben) 

somexTa 6 arqiepiskoposi da 2 varTapeti, magram samwuxarod, sigelSi sicrue 

simarTledaa gamocxadebuli, kerZod, TiTqosda rostom mefe somxuri 

warmoSobisa iyo, TiTqosda misi Svili qarTvelebma mokles, samarTali gamomJRavnda, 

qarTvelebi daisajnen da ganidevnen xelmwifis karidan, xolo 

Tbilis-qalaqis mmarTveloba da ufrosoba somxebs gadaecaT. 261 

ekonomiuri zemoqmedebis Sesaxeb wers q. SaraSiZe, matenadaranSi daculi 

qarTuli xelnawerebis erT nawilze muSaobis Semdeg. àm jgufSi sayuradRebod 

iyo ramdenime sabuTi, romlebic cxadyofdnen, rom somexTa eklesia, 

saqarTvelos zogierT raionSi, Tu SeiZleba iTqvas, fuladi Tanxis gamsesxebeli 

dawesebulebebis funqcias asrulebda ara marto somexi, aramed 

qarTveli mosaxleobisaTvisac~. 262 

`sayuradReboa somexTa kaTalikos nerses humanuri pirovneba (1760-1857)... 

man daaarsa somxuri seminaria da dawyebiTi skolebi TbilisSi, umaRlesi 

saswavlebeli... nersesi daxmarebis xels uwvdida qvriv-oblebs. Telaveli 

qvrivis, somxis qalis mimarTva xsenebuli pirovnebisadmi mowmobs, rom 

nersesis daxmarebiT izrdebian, Sesabamis asakSi mziTvdebian da qorwindebian 

qvrivis oboli gogonebi da sxva. aRsaniSnavia, rom nersesis qvelmoqmedeba 

ar aris Semofargluli nacionaluri da religiuri zRudeebiT. 

nersesma Cinebulad icis qarTuli... sayuradReboa, rom nersesi, etyoba, piradad 

midioda qarTlis soflebSi zogierTi saqmis mosagvareblad. XIX 

saukunis I naxevarSi am kaTalikoss nivTieri daxmarebisa da mfarvelobisaTvis 

qarTvelebic mimarTaven... nersess mimarTavs vinme Tamari. etyoba, 

didi Tavadis meuRle, romlis qmaric tyveobaSi daRupula. daRupuli, Cans, 

garkveul politikur rols TamaSobda, vinaidan misi ojaxisTvis CamourT-


istoria 

743 

meviaT yma da mamuli, qvrivi sastik siRaribeSi Cavardnila. Tamari metad 

Tavdaxrilad sTxovs nersess nugeSs da daxmarebas. 263 aRsaniSnavia, rom am 

qarTveli Tavadis meuRle qarTul enaze mimarTavs somxuri eklesiis me- 

Taurs. amave dros ki gauqmebuli qarTuli eklesiis meTauri rusi egzarxosebi 

sastikad devnidnen qarTul enas. Tavadis qvrivisaTvis qoneba swored 

ruseTis (marTlmadidebelTa) xelisuflebas CamourTmevia, somexi xelisufali 

ki mas xels umarTavs. cxadia, gasomxebisaTvis pirobebi Seqmnilia. 

q. SaraSiZe wers _ àxali ambavi ar aris, rom saqarTveloSi mcxovrebi 

somxebisaTvis qarTuli ena saukuneebis manZilze mSobliuri ena gaxda da 

qarTuli mwignobroba maTi udidesi nawilisaTvis erTaderTi iyo, romelsac 

isini flobdnen. matenadaranis Cven mier anotirebuli sabuTebi erTxel 

kidev adastureben am faqts. qarTulad iwereba mokiTxvis baraTebi, qarTulad 

warmoebs saqmiani mimowera ojaxis wevrebs Sorisac, qarTulad iwereba 

ara Tu kerZo pirebis angariSebi, davTrebi, Tamasuqebi, aramed somexTa 

eklesiebis oficialuri angariSebic. 

sayuradReboa, rom sami vaWari Zma, romelTagan erTi TbilisSi vaWrobs, 

meore _ erevanSi, da mesame kidev _ yarsSi, erTmaneTTan qarTuli mimoweriT 

arian dakavSirebuli. am TvalsazrisiT CvenTvis yvelaze sayuradRebo iyo 

nerses kaTalikosis mimarT 1826 wlis axlos dawerili baraTi...~ 264 

XIX saukuneSi, im dros, roca qarTuli ena amierkavkasiis da saqarTvelos 

mosaxleobis umTavresi ena iyo, TbilisSi ar arsebobda arc erTi 

qarTulenovani skola Tu saswavlebeli (XIX s-is 60-70-ian wlebamde) maSin, 

roca imave TbilisSi arsebobda somxurenovani seminaria, sxvadasxva somxuri 

saxelosno saswavlebeli da umaRlesi saswavlebelic ki. mosaxleoba, 

da maT Soris qarTveli mosaxleobac (gansakuTrebiT moqalaqeni), TavianT 

Svilebs am somxur saswavlebelSi abarebdnen, sadac isini swavlobdnen 

kidec somxur enas, maTTvis ucxo enas. 

unda davaskvnaT, rom erTiani saqarTvelos saxelmwifos daSlis Semdeg 

(XV s) erTiani qarTveli xalxic ganicdis denacionalizacias, sxvadasxva 

qarTul samefo-samTavroebSi danawilebul qarTvelobas uCndeba kuTxuri 

patriotizmi, yalibdeba imerloba, qarTleloba, kaxeloba Tu megreloba, 

amave dros qarTvelTa erTi nawili `TaTrdeba~, `frangdeba~, `somxdeba~, 

gansakuTrebiT ki mimdinareobda qarTvelTa armenizacia. mTiani nawilis 

qarTvelobac denacionalizacias ganicdida. es procesi gagrZelda XIX 

saukuneSic, Tumca amave saukunis bolos daiwyo konsolidaciis procesi. am 

dros qarTvelTa erovnuli konsolidaciisadmi antagonisturad ganewyo 

somxuri burJuazia. g. meliqiSvili wers _ `meore mxriv, qarTvelTa erovnuli 

konsolidaciis procesisadmi antagonisturad ganwyobili aRmoCnda 

agreTve Zlieri somxuri burJuazia, romelic gabatonebul mdgomareobas 

aRwevs am xanis saqarTveloSi da kavkasiis zog sxva raionSi~. 265 da es 

cxadia xels uwyobda grigorianeli qarTvelebis somxebSi asimilacias.

Tavi VI qarTuli eklesia VII saukuneSi

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