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MERG Advanced monitoring of the introduced crayfish plague (Aphanomyces astaci) for improved management of endangered freshwater crayfish Objectives of the project Develop and apply molecular methods for direct monitoring of crayfish plague (CP) in water and environment in order to 1) explore the ecology and adaptation of Aphanomyces astaci in freshwater systems and 2) develop rapid, reliable and cost efficient tools for improved management of endangered freshwater crayfish. Signal crayfish (left) and noble crayfish (right,) Photo: David Strand Sub-goals: 1) Develop an operational real-time PCR for direct and quantitative monitoring of CP in freshwater and freshwater environment 2) Compare the levels of CP-infection in signal crayfish stocks and their freshwater environments 3) Target potential alternate hosts for A. astaci from Nordic freshwater systems 4) Develop molecular markers for direct monitoring and epidemiological studies of low- and high virulent CPgenotypes. 5) Determine the distribution of CP-genotypes involved in previous & present Norwegian outbreaks Project summary Aphanomyces astaci is a specialized parasite on North American freshwater crayfish. Accidental introduction of A. astaci to Europe resulted in the lethal crayfish plague (CP). Later introductions of North American carrier crayfish to Europe has accelerated CP spread and established constant infection reservoirs. Due to CP, European freshwater crayfish are endangered, and the crayfish businesses suffer great economical losses. In Norway, CP is listed as a group A disease, and introduction of carrier crayfish is prohibited. Several outbreaks of CP have wiped out Norwegian populations of noble crayfish, and illegally introduced carrier crayfish was recently detected. Growing evidence indicate that CP may persist longer than previously thought, which complicates re-stocking activities. In 2005, CP killed reintroduced crayfish stocks in two Norwegian watercourses. Recently, the Minister of Fisheries and Coastal Affairs asked the competent authorities to develop strategies to combat CP and signal crayfish in Norway. The major objective of the proposed project is to develop and apply molecular methods for direct monitoring of A. astaci in water and environment in order to 1) explore the ecology of A. astaci in freshwater systems and 2) develop rapid, reliable and cost efficient tools for improved surveillance that will enhance sustainable management and use of freshwater crayfish. Improved surveillance will include a) early warning of CP infections, b) unveiling illegally introduced carrier crayfish and c) declare waters free of infection. The project will further explore the persistence of CP in freshwater habitats and target mechanisms for prolonged survival. Methods for monitoring high- and low virulent CP-genotypes will be developed in collaboration with active project partners. The project involves collaboration with reputed national and international institutions that will ensure needed competence, provide relevant study areas, and enhance research networking The team David Strand (PhD), Bente Edvardsen, Dag Klaveness, Trude Vrålstad. 4
MERG Alkaloid profiles in Claviceps purpurea - relationships between chemotype, genotype, host and habitat Project Summary The project is about the grass parasitic fungus Claviceps purpurea that produces toxic ergot alkaloids leading to ergotism and neurological disturbances in mammals. Phylogenetic analyses support three habitat specific C. purpurea lineages (dry, wet/shady, saline), indicating a habitat driven evolution that again correspond to unique chemotypes. Recent results suggest that this picture is more complex. The aim of the project is to test whether the alkaloid profile within a genotype is a function of genotype only, or also dependent on the host plant. We will further investigate if alkaloid profile variation between genotypes is larger than the host-plant-determined variation, and if genotypes co-exist within hosts and habitats. The team Mariell Negård (master student). Supervisors: Trude Vrålstad (MERG, NVI), Silvio Uhlig & Gunnar Sundtstøl Eriksen (NVI), and Klaus Høiland (MERG).. 5 1. Claviceps purpurea på timotei, 2. Mariell in the field Photo: Trude Vrålstad
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MERG - Universitetet i Oslo

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