(MCD) Guidelines

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Guidelines for Military Mass Casualty Decontamination Operations During a Domestic HAZMAT/Weapon of Mass Destruction Incident civilian response operations, such as surveillance/monitoring and decontamination, as described in Section 3.0. U.S. Army and U.S. Marine Corps (USMC) tactical units, at battalion level and above, have an organic radiological detection capability, and monitoring and survey capability. Radiological survey and monitoring has been a mission since these organizations were established. These organizations have the equipment, training, and experience necessary for alpha, beta, and gamma detection, particularly within the USMC CBIRF. The U.S. Air Force (USAF) has personnel trained to operate radiation, detection, indication, and computation (RADIAC) detection equipment and to perform radiological monitoring and surveys. Most Navy ships have organic radiological monitoring and survey capability. U.S. Navy afloat surface forces and larger naval shipyards are outfitted with an array of radiological detection and monitoring equipment. Through land-based radiation technicians and ship-based laboratory technicians, afloat forces, and all nuclearpowered vessels, Navy personnel can rapidly detect airborne, waterborne, and solid mass radioactive sources or inadvertent releases. Navy personnel also respond accordingly to warn and protect people in the immediate vicinity until relieved by civilian responders. If the attack occurs while the vessel is transiting open waters, the ship’s crew assumes a defensive posture. The crew decontaminates exposed exterior surfaces and personnel to the maximum extent possible before entering any civilian ports or restricted waters. Section 8.3.9 provides specific details on such decontamination. Section 8.4.3 provides more information on radiological-specific decontamination guidelines. Appendix E lists dose rates and symptoms of radiation exposure. 6.0 Comparison Between Military and Civilian MCD Equipment INTENT: Provide a cross-reference guide that compares MCD, detection, and protective equipment for military and civilian responders. The Cross-Reference Guide, presented in Appendix D, compares military decontamination equipment to that available to civilian responders. Military personnel will have an idea of the types of equipment they might encounter when providing assistance to civilians during a mass casualty incident. Types of equipment compared include MCD, detection, and individual protective equipment (IPE) and personal protective equipment (PPE). Appendix D provides information on capabilities, limitations, and operational specifications of some common equipment civilian responders’ use. The military equipment list provides an example of a well-supplied Army element with significant MCD capabilities. Actual elements could have more or less of the MCD equipment listed. The civilian responder equipment listed in Appendix D was compiled from sources such as Lessons Learned Information Sharing (LLIS), 12 Original
Guidelines for Military Mass Casualty Decontamination Operations During a Domestic HAZMAT/Weapon of Mass Destruction Incident Responder Knowledge Base, and Department of Justice guides. Equipment available to fire, emergency medical service, and law enforcement personnel is included. However, the appendix focuses on the specific equipment available to jurisdictionally-based fire departments because they are typically responsible for conducting MCD operations. 6.1 MCD Equipment Considerable detection, protection, and decontamination equipment and systems have been designed to conduct MCD operations. Equipment has advanced from basic hoses and showerheads to complex MCD tent structures and self contained trainer systems. The basic MCD configuration uses equipment that civilian responders already have in stock. This system uses fire hoses and nozzles, ladders, salvage covers and their fire apparatus to create a system to decontaminate large numbers of casualties with water in the first response. Specialized equipment is not required to conduct this type of MCD. Advanced MCD systems have been made specifically to deal with mass casualty incidents that produce overwhelming casualties. These systems typically consist of a trailer or tent, a multi-head shower system for ambulatory casualties, and a roller or litter system for non-ambulatory casualties. These systems also may include water heaters, decontamination solution pumps, generators, lights, heaters, cooling fans, multiple hoses, containment pits, sump pumps, and ancillary support equipment. The ancillary support equipment required varies by location and agency and is dependent on the exact type of equipment being used. Over the years, local communities and hospitals have been purchasing these advanced systems to complement the equipment they already have on hand. Common equipment and systems manufacturers include Reeves Manufacturing, Drash, TVI, Nor E, and Zumro (no product endorsement is implied). Over the past 10 years, the military has been leveraging commercially-available civilian equipment that would benefit them in the urban environment. The military has been evaluating methods to quickly and adequately outfit specialized response teams (see Section 3.0). These specialized teams are now available to support the civilian agencies. Other military decon equipment could be used and adapted to a MCD event, such as the M17 lightweight decontamination system, M12, M100 sorbent decontamination system, and the Joint Service Transportable Decontamination System – Small Scale. Some of this equipment is equally designed for military operations and/or decontamination of equipment and casualties. 6.2 Detection Equipment Identifying the contaminant is an important step early in the emergency response process. Civilian response organizations may need assistance with identifying the contaminant because 1) they have limited detection equipment and/or 2) the equipment they have does not effectively identify or quantify the threat. Identifying Original 13 Table of Contents Introduction MCD Equipment Comparison Decontamination Overview MCD Operations Summary Appendix A References Appendix B Acronym List Appendix C Glossary Appendix D MCD Cross- Reference Guide Appendix E CBR Guide Appendix F MCD Decision Trees Appendix G ARNORTH Guidance
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