(MCD) Guidelines

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Guidelines for Military Mass Casualty Decontamination Operations During a Domestic HAZMAT/Weapon of Mass Destruction Incident Technology Capabilities Limitations Radiological Detectors Geiger-Mueller • Detects alpha, beta, and gamma radiation depending on probe being used. • Measures dose and dose rate. Ion Chamber • Primarily detects gamma and highenergy beta radiation. • Measures dose and dose rate. • Becomes saturated in high radiation environments. • Uses high voltages to operate, so it is not intrinsically safe. • Does not detect alpha radiation. • Requires annual calibration at offsite facility. There is considerable reference material available to responders that can be used in the interpretation of data, including (but not limited to): • U.S. Department of Transportation (DOT) Emergency Response Guidebook (ERG) 42 • National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards 43 • U.S. Coast Guard (USCG) Chemical Hazards Response Information System (CHRIS) Manual and Hazard Assessment Computer System • Various suites of free HAZMAT software. Example software includes Areal Location of Hazardous Atmospheres model (ALOHA); Computer-Aided Management of Emergency Operations (CAMEO); and Mapping Application for Response, Planning and Local Operational Tasks (MARPLOT) • Various suites of commercially available HAZMAT software, such as CoBRA • Consequence Assessment Tool Set with Joint Assessment of Catastrophic Events (CATS-JACE) from the Defense Threat Reduction Agency, U.S. Army • Joint Warning and Reporting Network (JWARN) from the Joint Program Executive Office for Chemical and Biological Defense, U.S. Army • Wireless Information System for Emergency Responders (WISER) from the U.S. National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health and the Department of Health and Human Services • Manufacturer-provided material safety data sheets (MSDSs) • Shipping papers, bills of lading, and/or manifests Additional tools and information on detection and surveillance methods to identify agents are provided in Appendix D and Appendix E. 6.3 Individual and Personal Protective Equipment The Incident Commander establishes the appropriate protective posture based on information gained during survey and monitoring reconnaissance operations. PPE guidance can be found in the product or agent’s MSDS, DOT ERG, 42 and/or NIOSH Pocket Guide. 43 All personnel who may be directly or indirectly exposed must don appropriate PPE. Or, they should follow at least the minimum level of protective measures required. Mission-oriented protective posture (MOPP) gear available to military personnel is IPE and is categorized into four ensembles: 13,44 16 Original
Guidelines for Military Mass Casualty Decontamination Operations During a Domestic HAZMAT/Weapon of Mass Destruction Incident • MOPP Level 1 level of protection is established when the general warning is given and the threat of CBRN exists. Level 1 ensemble consists of the overgarment being worn open or closed. The over-boots, mask, and gloves are carried. • MOPP Level 2 level of protection should be established during a tactical situation that requires units to cross-terrain where the previous use of CBRN agents is unknown. Level 2 ensemble consists of the over-garment worn open or closed. The over-boots are worn, and the mask and gloves are carried. • MOPP Level 3 level of protection should be established when units are on the move and a CBRN attack is possible. Level 3 ensemble consists of the overgarment worn closed. The over-boots are worn, and the mask is worn. The hood is open or closed, based on temperature, and the gloves are carried. • MOPP Level 4 level of protection should be established when a unit is operating within a contaminated environment or if there is an imminent threat of an attack. The Level 4 ensemble consists of the over-garment worn closed and the overboots are worn. The mask and hood are worn with hood closed, and the gloves are worn. This level is the closest equivalent to an OSHA Level C ensemble. Toxicological agent protective aprons maybe added to MOPP4 to provide additional protection. This is important when working with liquid contaminants. • NOTE: MOPP gear does not provide adequate protection for many TIMs. 15 The levels of civilian PPE as defined by OSHA are Level A, Level B, Level C, and Level D. The components of each are in Table 3. 45 Civilian PPE may be available to military personnel during response operations. Table 3: Components for OSHA PPE Levels. PPE Component Level A Level B Level C Level D Self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA) or supplied air respirator with escape SCBA bottle Required Required Air purifying respirator Required Escape mask Optional Optional Totally encapsulating chemical protective suit Required Hooded chemical resistant splash protective clothing Required Required Coveralls Optional Optional Optional Required Long underwear Optional Gloves, outer, chemical resistant Required Required Required Optional Gloves, inner, chemical resistant Required Required Required Optional Boots, chemical resistant, steel toe and shank Required Required Optional Required Boot covers Optional Optional Optional Hard hat Optional Optional Optional Optional Face shield Optional Optional Optional Safety glasses or chemical splash goggles Optional Secondary protective suit, worn over totally encapsulating suit Optional Original 17 Table of Contents Introduction MCD Equipment Comparison Decontamination Overview MCD Operations Summary Appendix A References Appendix B Acronym List Appendix C Glossary Appendix D MCD Cross- Reference Guide Appendix E CBR Guide Appendix F MCD Decision Trees Appendix G ARNORTH Guidance
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