Humanitarian Supply Management and Logistics in the Health Sector

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14 Humanitarian Supply Management and Logistics in the Health Sector meet identified needs. This in turn requires identifying the sources of those goods and services and the way in which they will be acquired. Transport Transport is the means whereby supplies reach the places where they are needed. A transport strategy must not only take into account the means of transport but also the actual possibilities of getting supplies from point A to B, as well as alternatives for the prompt, safe delivery of relief assistance. Storage The purpose of storage is to protect the emergency supplies in an organized, systematic fashion until they can be delivered to their ultimate recipients. It must also take into account reserve supplies, or stockpiles, for future or unforeseen needs. Distribution The chief goal of the logistics chain in relief operations is delivering aid to the people affected by a disaster, or at least to the organizations entrusted with managing emergency supplies, in a way that is proportional to existing needs, fair, and properly controlled to prevent abuses or waste. Putting it all Together It is important to underscore the fact that all of the above components are closely linked. The failure or ineffective functioning of any of the links in the chain will affect overall performance. For instance, if the transport of a load of supplies has been organized correctly, but upon arrival it turns out that no provisions were made for storage, the efficiency of the transport effort will have been to no avail. Alternatively, if there are enough resources to cover the needs of an affected area, but no transport to take them where they are needed, the success of the other efforts will be, for all practical purposes, moot, because they were not properly synchronized with the transport component. One missing link is all that is needed for the chain to break.
The Importance of Needs Assessment Assessing logistical and supply needs is crucial to determine as accurately as possible: ◆ The needs of the population after a disaster; ◆ Available local capacity and resources; ◆ Complementary capabilities and resources required for meeting those needs. Such assessments should be fully integrated into the general needsassessment process that is carried out in a disaster area to determine the type and severity of the damage and the most urgent intervention priorities. The quality of this assessment is very important, since requests for supplies will be based on the disaster situation as identified on the ground. It should be emphasized that the need for accurate assessments should not lead to paralysis. While assessments are the tool that enables relief managers to identify the affected sectors and the nature of the damage, and to quantify and qualify more precisely the type of assistance required, there is no need for them to be completed before the most pressing relief actions are undertaken. Needs assessments should make it possible to answer the following questions: ◆ What are the needs? Chapter 3 Assessing Logistical and Supply Needs 4 a . What are the needs of the population? b . What are the operational needs? 4 This chapter was written with the support of Alvaro Montero Sánchez. Mr. Montero is a consultant for USAID/OFDA and FUNDESUMA on emergency operations centers. 15
Page 1 and 2: Emergency Preparedness and Disaster
Page 3 and 4: CONTENTS Acknowledgements..........
Page 5: Contents Chapter 11 - Distribution
Page 8 and 9: viii Humanitarian Supply Management
Page 10 and 11: x Humanitarian Supply Management an
Page 12 and 13: xii Humanitarian Supply Management
Page 14 and 15: 2 Humanitarian Supply Management an
Page 20 and 21: Table 1.1 Short-term effects of maj
Page 22 and 23: 10 Humanitarian Supply Management a
Page 42 and 43: Annex 4.1 International Organizatio
Page 52 and 53: Classification and transport placar
Page 55 and 56: Sources and Procurement of Emergenc
Page 57 and 58: Table 6.1 - Pros and cons of differ
Page 59 and 60: Another key principle of effective
Page 61 and 62: to make it easier to hold and lift
Page 63 and 64: ◆ Consignment number (consecutive
Page 65 and 66: Annex 6.2 Selected symbols for supp
Page 67 and 68: Arrival of Supplies Emergency suppl
Page 69 and 70: Chapter 7: Receiving supplies terms
Page 71 and 72: 1. Place the products on board the
Page 73 and 74: Table 7.1. (continued) Transport Re
Page 75 and 76: Shipment Verification The content o
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Explanation of Waybill 16 1. Offici
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17 Ibid. Explanation of Bill of Lad
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Chapter 8 Record-Keeping, Control,
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Chapter 8: Record-keeping, control,
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▲ Record of expiry dates and rota
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Table 8.1. (continued) Verification
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Chapter 8: Record-keeping, control,
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System Components The system has th
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Activities in the Supply Reception
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Chapter 9 Storage 21 Emergency supp
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Size and Access to the Site Chapter
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Moreover, it must be borne in mind
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Alternative Storage Sites Chapter 9
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◆ Scales, metric measuring tape,
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Figure 9.1. Warehouse sectors and m
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Chapter 9: Storage be stored direct
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▲ Tinned items without a label, w
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Control and Monitoring ◆ Clear an
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empty containers. Warehouse inspect
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Table 9.5. Storing food and equipme
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Annex 9.1 Sample Stock Control Form
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Annex 9.3 Sample Form for Supply Di
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Chapter 10 Transport 29 Transport i
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Table 10.1. Characteristics of diff
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Commercial vs. Non-commercial Trans
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If vehicles of different load capac
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The information entered in vehicle
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Table 10.4 shows examples of averag
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padded or otherwise prevented from
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Chapter 10: Transport ◆ The vehic
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Chapter 10: Transport The routes an
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Annex 10.1 Overland Transport Capac
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Chapter 10: Transport Required runw
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Chapter 11 Distribution The main ob
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Responsibilities As already noted,
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Chapter 11: Distribution local dyna
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and monitoring mechanisms, includin
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Annex 11.1 Sample Beneficiaries Rec
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Total required quantity (in metric
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Chapter 12 Managing Medical Supplie
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Table 12.1. Suggested basic drugs f
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◆ It is essential to check the st
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4. Effective communication between
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◆ The quality of the drugs until
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Controlling and Monitoring Products
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Chapter 12: Managing medical suppli
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Annex 12.2 Disposal by Incineration
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160 Humanitarian Supply Management
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Chapter 15 The Application of New T
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Chapter 15: The application of new
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standard credit card (8.5 x 5.5 cm)
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References Amariles P. and others.
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Humanitarian Supply Management and Logistics in the Health Sector

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