- Page 1: Biodiversity as a resource: Plant u
- Page 5: To my father
- Page 9 and 10: ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Firstly, I wish to
- Page 11 and 12: CONTENT ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS i CONTENT
- Page 13 and 14: 5.3.2.5 Fodder plants of the Saragu
- Page 15 and 16: CONTENT OF FIGURES Fig. 1 Biodivers
- Page 17 and 18: Fig. 38 Left: Susana de los ojos ne
- Page 19: Fig. 76 Maize cultivation among Sar
- Page 23 and 24: CONTENT OF BOXES Box 1 Ethnobotany:
- Page 25 and 26: Fig. Figure FINAI Federación Inter
- Page 27 and 28: GLOSSARY OF LOCAL TERMS Asociación
- Page 29 and 30: Tapia: Tapia is a typical Andean co
- Page 31 and 32: 1 INTRODUCTION 1.1 GENERAL CONTEXT
- Page 33 and 34: fishing), or can be based on manage
- Page 35 and 36: 1.2 REGIONAL CONFINEMENT: THE CASE
- Page 37 and 38: modern techniques and acculturation
- Page 39 and 40: In order to reach these objectives
- Page 41 and 42: The perception of existence values
- Page 43 and 44: as ecosystem services. However, est
- Page 45 and 46: community. Moreover, traditional kn
- Page 47 and 48: conservation of agricultural divers
- Page 49 and 50: traditional tea called “horchata
- Page 51 and 52: Payments for biodiversity protectio
- Page 53 and 54: their targets by way of three marke
- Page 55 and 56: species, scientific research, monit
- Page 57 and 58: The failure in Ecuador of at least
- Page 59 and 60: Administratively, southern Ecuador
- Page 61 and 62: The geomorphology of south-eastern
- Page 63 and 64: In the Eastern Cordillera a dry per
- Page 65 and 66: quality timber (like Tabebuia chrys
- Page 67 and 68: Fig. 6: The Biosphere Reserve Podoc
- Page 69 and 70: 3.1.4.3 Protective Forest Protectiv
- Page 71 and 72:
stretch along the valley. The latte
- Page 73 and 74:
contains rich gold and copper depos
- Page 75 and 76:
indigenous cultures have been place
- Page 77 and 78:
colonists - to new villages, which
- Page 79 and 80:
Valley, the people of San Lucas set
- Page 81 and 82:
mainly of the area around the new t
- Page 83 and 84:
Moreover, the ongoing international
- Page 85 and 86:
with rural poverty explain the impo
- Page 87 and 88:
3.2 STUDY SITES This research has b
- Page 89 and 90:
Army, and received help from the ca
- Page 91 and 92:
Chumpias is situated at around 4°2
- Page 93 and 94:
Mestizos live close to these settle
- Page 95 and 96:
egularly. In El Cristal there is on
- Page 97 and 98:
The fincas along the road between L
- Page 99 and 100:
Table 7: Location, area, and distan
- Page 101 and 102:
others) of the herbarium of the Uni
- Page 103 and 104:
Box 10: Techniques of ethnobotanica
- Page 105 and 106:
include herbarium labels with infor
- Page 107 and 108:
same ethnic group had to be recorde
- Page 109 and 110:
similarity for each pair of groups,
- Page 111 and 112:
5 THE ETHNOBOTANICAL SURVEY 5.1 THE
- Page 113 and 114:
Los Guabos (Mestizos), 138 in El Re
- Page 115 and 116:
importance of the ARECACEAE as well
- Page 117 and 118:
5.2.2 The ethnobotanical use catego
- Page 119 and 120:
(Informant 12M 2007, citing Juan An
- Page 121 and 122:
Table 16: Medicinal plants of the S
- Page 123 and 124:
Table 16: Medicinal plants of the S
- Page 125 and 126:
Table 16: Medicinal plants of the S
- Page 127 and 128:
(Fig. 19 Right) supply the Shuar wi
- Page 129 and 130:
Table 18: Shuar food plants (contin
- Page 131 and 132:
pinnatum, Terminalia sp., Nectandra
- Page 133 and 134:
stands, or they place traps near th
- Page 135 and 136:
the exception of Sapium marmieri, a
- Page 137 and 138:
ornamental plants has probably been
- Page 139 and 140:
The plant parts used vary. The rach
- Page 141 and 142:
Table 25: Plant species used by the
- Page 143 and 144:
Scabies is treated with at least th
- Page 145 and 146:
the stem. Among the Shuar of the st
- Page 147 and 148:
Table 32: Plants used by the Shuar
- Page 149 and 150:
Table 34: Non identified plant spec
- Page 151 and 152:
5.3 RESULTS OF THE ETHNOBOTANICAL S
- Page 153 and 154:
esin, and latex are seldom used (2.
- Page 155 and 156:
Right). The seeds are edible and ap
- Page 157 and 158:
Fig. 30: Left: A typical Saraguro m
- Page 159 and 160:
Ambrosia artemisioides, which has m
- Page 161 and 162:
Table 41: Medicinal plants of the S
- Page 163 and 164:
Table 41: Medicinal plants of the S
- Page 165 and 166:
However, due to timber scarcity the
- Page 167 and 168:
5.3.2.5 Fodder plants of the Saragu
- Page 169 and 170:
this purpose in El Tibio and El Cri
- Page 171 and 172:
As in other regions (cf. Harvey & H
- Page 173 and 174:
5.4 RESULTS OF THE SURVEY IN MESTIZ
- Page 175 and 176:
should be noted again (cf. Chapter
- Page 177 and 178:
Table 54: Plants used for food by t
- Page 179 and 180:
Fig. 36: Left: A cultivated shrub o
- Page 181 and 182:
Table 56: Medicinal plants of the M
- Page 183 and 184:
Table 56: Medicinal plants of the M
- Page 185 and 186:
Table 56: Medicinal plants of the M
- Page 187 and 188:
5.4.2.3 Ornamental plants of the Me
- Page 189 and 190:
Fig. 38: Left: Susana de los ojos n
- Page 191 and 192:
the harvest remnants of Saccharum o
- Page 193 and 194:
5.4.2.7 Plants used for fuel by the
- Page 195 and 196:
5.4.2.10 Plants with other uses of
- Page 197 and 198:
During the interviews in Los Guabos
- Page 199 and 200:
are cattle ranchers, which makes th
- Page 201 and 202:
species (4) have a use in veterinar
- Page 203 and 204:
Around 65% of the ornamental specie
- Page 205 and 206:
forest areas suggests that other ha
- Page 207 and 208:
drivers that explain the low number
- Page 209 and 210:
For the graphic representation of t
- Page 211 and 212:
2,300 m a.s.l. in areas that includ
- Page 213 and 214:
in depth linguistic study that woul
- Page 215 and 216:
guato (Erythrina spp.), which means
- Page 217 and 218:
The size of the home gardens vary b
- Page 219 and 220:
Shifting cultivation, a very common
- Page 221 and 222:
Manihot esculenta (manioc) after 8-
- Page 223 and 224:
Figure 52 shows the secondary veget
- Page 225 and 226:
with a rope of about three to four
- Page 227 and 228:
seeds (
- Page 229 and 230:
Box 12: The oilbird (Steatornis car
- Page 231 and 232:
crops with economic value could be
- Page 233 and 234:
groups of Ecuadorian citizens from
- Page 235 and 236:
westerly point of the range of the
- Page 237 and 238:
Another category of non-timber fore
- Page 239 and 240:
Delgado & Flores Rosas 2007; UNL et
- Page 241 and 242:
Prospecting rights are now under pr
- Page 243 and 244:
future increases in population are
- Page 245 and 246:
the 1950s a few Mestizo settlers fo
- Page 247 and 248:
een a higher rate of illegal extrac
- Page 249 and 250:
urnt and the heat-killed areas (cf.
- Page 251 and 252:
Fig. 65: Left: Podocarpus oleifoliu
- Page 253 and 254:
25 dairy cows and many more bulls i
- Page 255 and 256:
Table 75: Data about cattle ranchin
- Page 257 and 258:
can reorganize the inheritance late
- Page 259 and 260:
them, which can be clearly observed
- Page 261 and 262:
grazing management and established
- Page 263 and 264:
5.5.5); but they also include more
- Page 265 and 266:
collecting eggs or for meat, and ma
- Page 267 and 268:
6.2.4 Crop production in the Upper
- Page 269 and 270:
apparently cultivated in the past b
- Page 271 and 272:
new pastures to compensate for the
- Page 273 and 274:
with pasture grasses and soil compa
- Page 275 and 276:
Fig. 79: Impacts on forests resulti
- Page 277 and 278:
for plant diversity. Fish diversity
- Page 279 and 280:
probably face new conflicts over la
- Page 281 and 282:
(McNeely 2004: 161). Local knowledg
- Page 283 and 284:
economic participation by the Shuar
- Page 285 and 286:
7.1.3.3 Payments for environmental
- Page 287 and 288:
� The fragmentation and conversio
- Page 289 and 290:
Such places are rare and cannot be
- Page 291 and 292:
In this regard, farmers should be c
- Page 293 and 294:
ebellion of 1599 (cf. Ch. 3.1.5.1).
- Page 295 and 296:
The idea behind the Ecuadorian Soci
- Page 297 and 298:
etween those who inhabit the Protec
- Page 299 and 300:
and shown in Chapters 6.1.7.3 and 6
- Page 301 and 302:
alternative production systems and
- Page 303 and 304:
have apparently over-exploited game
- Page 305 and 306:
10 ZUSAMMENFASSUNG Die montanen und
- Page 307 and 308:
als Lohnarbeiter eine Beschäftigun
- Page 309 and 310:
11 REFERENCES Adams, W.M., Aveling,
- Page 311 and 312:
Baldock, J.W. 1982. Geology of Ecua
- Page 313 and 314:
Best, B.J. & Kessler, M. 1995. Biod
- Page 315 and 316:
Calvas, B., Knoke, T., Hildebrandt,
- Page 317 and 318:
Conde, P.Fr.T. 1988: Los Yaguarzong
- Page 319 and 320:
Daily, G.C., Söderqvist, T., Aniya
- Page 321 and 322:
Elleman, L. 1991. El uso de la made
- Page 323 and 324:
Galarza Zavala J. 1973. Los campesi
- Page 325 and 326:
Hader, B. 2002. Ökotourismus zwisc
- Page 327 and 328:
Conservation Volume 12. Newsletter
- Page 329 and 330:
Kricher, J. 1999. A Neotropical Com
- Page 331 and 332:
MAGAP (Ministerio de Agricultura, G
- Page 333 and 334:
Ministerio del Ambiente 2009. Progr
- Page 335 and 336:
Palacios, W.A. 1997. Botany and Lan
- Page 337 and 338:
Pohle, P. & Gerique, A. 2006. Tradi
- Page 339 and 340:
Roos, K. 2004. Taxonomische und phy
- Page 341 and 342:
Serrano Calderón de Ayala, E. 1995
- Page 343 and 344:
Thomas, E., Vandebroek, I. & Van Da
- Page 345 and 346:
Van den Eynden V., Cueva C. & Cabre
- Page 347 and 348:
Wunder 2005. Payments for Environme
- Page 349 and 350:
OTH: Other uses R/M: Ritual/Mythica
- Page 351 and 352:
PTERIDACEAE Adianthum raddianum C.
- Page 353 and 354:
Thunbergia alata Bojer ex Sims Susa
- Page 355 and 356:
ALLIACEAE Allium cepa L. Sepui (Sh)
- Page 357 and 358:
Iresine sp. 2 Kaur kants (Sh) Shaim
- Page 359 and 360:
Rollinia dolichopetala R.E.Fr. Name
- Page 361 and 362:
ARACEAE Anthurium cf. breviscapum K
- Page 363 and 364:
Rhodospatha cf. latifolia Katirpas
- Page 365 and 366:
Chamaedorea pinnatifrons (Jacq) Oer
- Page 367 and 368:
Aloe vera (L.) Burm. f. Sábila (Sp
- Page 369 and 370:
Cosmos bipinnatus Cav. Name unknown
- Page 371 and 372:
Philoglossa mimuloides (Hieron) H.R
- Page 373 and 374:
Begonia x tuberhybrida Begonia (Sp)
- Page 375 and 376:
Cordia sp. Buscapina (Sp) Los Guabo
- Page 377 and 378:
Tillandsia sp. 3 Name unknown La Fr
- Page 379 and 380:
CAMPANULACEAE Laurentia longiflora
- Page 381 and 382:
Pourouma cecropiifolia Mart. Washi
- Page 383 and 384:
Hypericum canadense L. Guisho chico
- Page 385 and 386:
Costus sp. 2 Name unknown Napints,
- Page 387 and 388:
Fevillea cordifolia L. Tsátapar (S
- Page 389 and 390:
ERICACEAE Bejaria aestuans L. Payam
- Page 391 and 392:
Croton cf. mutisianus Kunth Sangre
- Page 393 and 394:
Tetrorchidium sp. Moranmanya chinch
- Page 395 and 396:
Mucuna sp. 1 Kuimian (Sh) Ojo de ve
- Page 397 and 398:
Casearia sp. Kainim (Sh) Napints. T
- Page 399 and 400:
GROSSULARIACEAE Escallonia micranth
- Page 401 and 402:
JUGLANDACEAE Juglans neotropica Die
- Page 403 and 404:
Minthostachys mollis (Kunth) Griseb
- Page 405 and 406:
Nectandra sp. 1 Takak (Sh) Napints.
- Page 407 and 408:
Psittacanthus truncatus Kuijt Name
- Page 409 and 410:
MARANTACEAE Calathea sp. Pumpu (Sh)
- Page 411 and 412:
Miconia sp. 4 Chinchak (Sh) Shaime.
- Page 413 and 414:
Guarea pterorhachis Harms Name unkn
- Page 415 and 416:
Inga striata Benth. Guaba (Sp) La F
- Page 417 and 418:
Ficus krucovii Standl. Yamila (Qu?)
- Page 419 and 420:
Otoba sp. 1 Mukunt (Sh) Napints. Tr
- Page 421 and 422:
NYCTAGINACEAE Bougainvillea sp. Bug
- Page 423 and 424:
Oncidium sp. Orquídea (Sp) La Frag
- Page 425 and 426:
Passiflora ligularis Juss. Granadil
- Page 427 and 428:
Piper cf. carpunya Ruiz & Pav. Guav
- Page 429 and 430:
Piper sp. 8 Ampar grande (Sh) Shaim
- Page 431 and 432:
Eleusine indica (L.) Gaertn. Grama
- Page 433 and 434:
Setaria sphacelata (Schumach.) Stam
- Page 435 and 436:
RHAMNACEAE Gouania sp. 1 Cei naek (
- Page 437 and 438:
Rubus cf. rosifolius Smith var. ros
- Page 439 and 440:
Ladenbergia sp. 1 Name unknown Shai
- Page 441 and 442:
RUSCACEAE Sansevieria trifasicata P
- Page 443 and 444:
SCROPHULARIACEAE Alonsoa meridional
- Page 445 and 446:
Capsicum cf. annuum L. Ampí (Sh),
- Page 447 and 448:
Solanum lepidotum Humb. & Bonpl. ex
- Page 449 and 450:
Theobroma cacao L. Cacao (Sp) Napin
- Page 451 and 452:
Urtica sp. 1 Uchinara (Sh), Chine (
- Page 453 and 454:
Viola x wittrockiana Pensamiento (S
- Page 455 and 456:
12.2 LIST OF INTERVIEWED PEOPLE Cod
- Page 457 and 458:
12.3 USEFUL PLANTS NOT LISTED IN DE
- Page 459:
7. If you are going to enter the Po