CPDD 72nd Annual Meeting • Scottsdale, Arizona - The College on ...

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WHERE THE RUBBER MEETS THE ROAD: AN
INTEGRATED MODEL OF TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER IN
THE INNOVATION PROCESS.
A ATTC Network Technology Transfer Workgroup; ATTC Network, Kansas
City, MO
Aims: Over a decade ago the Institute of Medicine (IOM) issued a seminal
report focusing on substance abuse treatment that specifically acknowledged dissemination
of research findings into practice as an area in critical need of
improvement and of great importance to the quality of treatment. A key recommendation
was increased collaboration between federal agencies, educational and
research institutions, and community-based treatment facilities to reduce barriers
to the integration of research, treatment, and policy. While impressive Federal
initiatives followed, the field continues to lack integrated theories and models of
technology transfer to inform and standardize how innovations (research findings,
evidence-based practices) are communicated and transferred to the field.
Methods: Through a process of reviewing literature, theory, and 15 years of the
ATTC Network’s experience, the ATTC Network Technology Transfer
Workgroup developed a conceptual model representing the role of technology
transfer within the innovation process.
Results: We will present the model along with definitions for seven key terms:
development, dissemination, implementation, translation, adoption, technology
transfer, and diffusion.
Conclusions: <strong>The</strong> lack of a conceptual model and an integrated taxonomy related
to the innovation process has created confusion and limited the ability of
researchers and the public to understand basic principles of technology transfer
useful in facilitating the movement of research findings to practice. For example,
a pitfall of implementing new treatments is attempting to use a new practice following
a brief training. <strong>The</strong>n when the treatment does not work as expected, it
is discarded. <strong>The</strong> ATTC Network conceptual model and definitions can be used
by the addiction treatment and recovery services field to more easily understand
the process of innovation, and how technology transfer can speed the use of evidence-based
treatments to enhance and improve client outcomes.
Financial Support: This work was supported by SAMHSA/CSAT grants to the
ATTC National Office and Regional Centers.
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ASSOCIATION STUDY BETWEEN THE OPRM1
POLYMORPHISM 17C>T AND HEROIN OR COCAINE
ADDICTION IN AFRICAN AMERICANS.
Olaoluwakitan Awolesi 1 , S Hamon 1 , E Ducat 1 , M Randesi 1 , J Rotrosen 2 , P
Casadonte 2 , S Linzy 3 , M Adelson 3,1 , M J Kreek 1 , O Levran 1 ; 1 <strong>The</strong> Laboratory of
the Biology of Addictive Diseases, Rockefeller University, New York, NY, 2 VA
New York Harbor Healthcare System and NYU School of Medicine, New York,
NY, 3 Dr. Miriam and Sheldon G. Adelson Clinic for Drug Abuse, Treatment,
and Research, Las Vegas, NV
Aims: <strong>The</strong> nonsynonymous SNP 17C>T (Ala6Val), located at the N-terminus
of the mu-opioid receptor gene (OPRM1) in close proximity to the 118A>G,
occurs in relatively high frequency in African populations and very low frequency
in Asian and European populations. Several groups reported higher frequency
of the variant “T” allele in populations with substance dependence but the
reports have not been consistent.
This study aims to explore association between 17C>T and heroin or cocaine
addiction in African Americans.
Methods: A total of 614 African American subjects (58% males) were analyzed
including: a) former severe heroin addicts treated at methadone maintenance
treatment programs (n=220), b) cocaine dependent subjects who met DSM-IV
criteria for cocaine dependence (n=224), and c) control subjects with no history
of alcohol abuse or illicit drug use (n=170). All subjects were recruited in NYC
and Las Vegas. <strong>The</strong> 17C>T SNP was genotyped using TaqMan® technology and
verified by sequencing.
Results: Observed genotype distributions were consistent with Hardy-Weinberg
equilibrium (p=0.39). <strong>The</strong> minor allele frequency (the “T” allele) was 0.22, 0.25,
and 0.26 (heroin, cocaine, and controls, respectively). No significant difference
in allele or genotype frequency was found between heroin or cocaine addicts and
controls (p>0.14). No significant difference was found when the analyses were
stratified by sex (p>0.2).
Conclusions: <strong>The</strong> 17C>T SNP is not associated with heroin or cocaine addiction
in African Americans.
Financial Support: This study was supported by NIDA-P60-05130 (M.J.K.)
<strong>CPDD</strong> <strong>72nd</strong> <strong>Annual</strong> <strong>Meeting</strong> <strong>•</strong> <strong>Scottsdale</strong>, <strong>Arizona</strong>
6
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A 2 YEAR FOLLOW-UP STUDY TO ASSESS EXPERIMENTAL
THERAPEUTIC COMMUNITIES IN FRANCE. AN
ONGOING STUDY.
Marc Auriacombe 1 , C Denis 1 , E Langlois 2 , M Fatséas 1 , A Vérétout 2 , C Diaz-
Gomez 3 ; 1 Addiction Psychiatry EA4139/INSERM-IFR99, Universite Victor
Segalen Bordeaux 2, Bordeaux, France, 2 Sociology LAPSAC, Universite Victor
Segalen Bordeaux 2, Bordeaux, France, 3 OFDT, OFDT, Paris, France
Aims: While <strong>The</strong>rapeutic Communities (TCs) are generally considered to be an
effective method, the bulk of the research evidence is from poorly controlled
studies. On French authorities’ initiative, experimental TCs have been allowed to
open since 2007. This was associated to a research program.
<strong>The</strong> objective of this presentation were (1) to present objective and methods of
this research program and (2) to present comparison of TC residents with outpatient
setting subjects. Chi2 or Fisher tests were used to compare qualitative
data and Student or ANOVA for quantitative tests.
Methods: Residents are assessed at entry and at 6-, 12-, 18- and 24-month after
intake regardless of compliance in TCs. Several questionnaires are used to collect
data (ASI, MINI, CAI, CMRS, CAS, SAS) and combined qualitative interviews
of both residents and staff following sociological methods.
Results: 1 : Objective of the research program: (1) To describe the construct of
TCs, (2) To define the clients’ expectations for TCs vs other treatment for addiction,
(3) To assess the impact at 2-year after entry into TCs, (4) To determine the
associated factor with effectiveness, (5) To compare the evolution of clients entering
TCs versus clients in outpatient program for addiction at 2-year after entry
into treatment.
2 : 67 residents were assessed. In comparison with clients in outpatient settings,
they were older and had received more previous treatments for medical, psychiatric
and addiction-related disorders. <strong>The</strong>y reported to use the same type of
drugs but started their use younger and were more often polydrug users. <strong>The</strong>y
showed higher level of impairment and presented more prevalent psychiatric
comorbidities.
Conclusions: By combining a quantitative method and a qualitative method
using sociological interviews we expect to better address the issue of TC effectiveness
in the French context.
Financial Support: French Monitoring Center (OFDT) and French Health
Ministry.
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PROGESTERONE MODULATION OF THE DISCRIMINATIVE
STIMULUS EFFECTS OF TRIAZOLAM.
Shanna Babalonis, J A Lile, C A Martin, T H Kelly; University of Kentucky,
Lexington, KY
Aims: Sedative drugs effects among women may be enhanced during the luteal
phase of the menstrual cycle and with progesterone pre-treatment, although
some inconsistencies have been reported. This study builds on previous research
by examining whether sensitivity to the discriminative stimulus effects of triazolam
are modulated by progesterone pre-treatment.
Methods: This study examined the discriminative stimulus effects of triazolam,
alone and in combination with progesterone, in healthy, premenopausal women
(n=9). After triazolam discrimination was established (training dose: .25 mg/70
kg triazolam), test doses (0, .06, .12, and .25) of triazolam were administered
alone and in combination with oral progesterone (100 mg). Participants completed
cardiovascular measures, verbal reports of drug effect, and computer tasks
designed to assess psychomotor and impulsive behavior. Drug effects were analyzed
using repeated measures ANOVA with triazolam dose, progesterone dose
and time as factors.
Results: Triazolam functioned as a discriminative stimulus in healthy women
and engendered prototypical sedative-like effects on subjective measures of drug
effect. Progesterone alone substituted for triazolam in a small number of participants
(n=2) and produced sedative-like behavioral effects, while no substitution
occurred in the other participants (n=7). On average, progesterone pre-treatment
had no effect on the discriminative stimulus of triazolam, although progesterone
both increased (leftward shift of the dose response curve) and decreased
(rightward shift) triazolam sensitivity across participants and dose conditions.
Conclusions: Inconsistencies in the literature relating menstrual cycle and progesterone
modulation of sedative drug effects may reflect these individual differences
and future research is required to identify factors associated with these individual
differences.
Financial Support: DA-024127, RR-15592.