Quick introduction to reverse engineering for beginners

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.text:00541050 arg_0 = dword ptr 4 .text:00541050 arg_4 = dword ptr 8 .text:00541050 arg_8 = byte ptr 0Ch .text:00541050 .text:00541050 mov eax, [esp+arg_4] .text:00541054 mov ecx, [esp+arg_0] .text:00541058 mov al, cube64[eax+ecx*8] .text:0054105F mov cl, [esp+arg_8] .text:00541063 shr al, cl .text:00541065 and al, 1 .text:00541067 retn .text:00541067 get_bit endp .text:00541067 .text:00541067 ; --------------------------------------------------------------------------- .text:00541068 align 10h .text:00541070 .text:00541070 ; =============== S U B R O U T I N E ======================================= .text:00541070 .text:00541070 .text:00541070 rotate1 proc near ; CODE XREF: rotate_all_with_password+8E .text:00541070 .text:00541070 internal_array_64= byte ptr -40h .text:00541070 arg_0 = dword ptr 4 .text:00541070 .text:00541070 sub esp, 40h .text:00541073 push ebx .text:00541074 push ebp .text:00541075 mov ebp, [esp+48h+arg_0] .text:00541079 push esi .text:0054107A push edi .text:0054107B xor edi, edi ; EDI is loop1 counter .text:0054107D lea ebx, [esp+50h+internal_array_64] .text:00541081 .text:00541081 first_loop1_begin: ; CODE XREF: rotate1+2E .text:00541081 xor esi, esi ; ESI is loop2 counter .text:00541083 .text:00541083 first_loop2_begin: ; CODE XREF: rotate1+25 .text:00541083 push ebp ; arg_0 .text:00541084 push esi .text:00541085 push edi .text:00541086 call get_bit .text:0054108B add esp, 0Ch .text:0054108E mov [ebx+esi], al ; s<strong>to</strong>re <strong>to</strong> internal array .text:00541091 inc esi .text:00541092 cmp esi, 8 .text:00541095 jl short first_loop2_begin .text:00541097 inc edi .text:00541098 add ebx, 8 .text:0054109B cmp edi, 8 .text:0054109E jl short first_loop1_begin .text:005410A0 lea ebx, [esp+50h+internal_array_64] 149
.text:005410A4 mov edi, 7 ; EDI is loop1 counter, initial state is 7 .text:005410A9 .text:005410A9 second_loop1_begin: ; CODE XREF: rotate1+57 .text:005410A9 xor esi, esi ; ESI is loop2 counter .text:005410AB .text:005410AB second_loop2_begin: ; CODE XREF: rotate1+4E .text:005410AB mov al, [ebx+esi] ; value from internal array .text:005410AE push eax .text:005410AF push ebp ; arg_0 .text:005410B0 push edi .text:005410B1 push esi .text:005410B2 call set_bit .text:005410B7 add esp, 10h .text:005410BA inc esi ; increment loop2 counter .text:005410BB cmp esi, 8 .text:005410BE jl short second_loop2_begin .text:005410C0 dec edi ; decrement loop2 counter .text:005410C1 add ebx, 8 .text:005410C4 cmp edi, 0FFFFFFFFh .text:005410C7 jg short second_loop1_begin .text:005410C9 pop edi .text:005410CA pop esi .text:005410CB pop ebp .text:005410CC pop ebx .text:005410CD add esp, 40h .text:005410D0 retn .text:005410D0 rotate1 endp .text:005410D0 .text:005410D0 ; --------------------------------------------------------------------------- .text:005410D1 align 10h .text:005410E0 .text:005410E0 ; =============== S U B R O U T I N E ======================================= .text:005410E0 .text:005410E0 .text:005410E0 rotate2 proc near ; CODE XREF: rotate_all_with_password+7A .text:005410E0 .text:005410E0 internal_array_64= byte ptr -40h .text:005410E0 arg_0 = dword ptr 4 .text:005410E0 .text:005410E0 sub esp, 40h .text:005410E3 push ebx .text:005410E4 push ebp .text:005410E5 mov ebp, [esp+48h+arg_0] .text:005410E9 push esi .text:005410EA push edi .text:005410EB xor edi, edi ; loop1 counter .text:005410ED lea ebx, [esp+50h+internal_array_64] .text:005410F1 .text:005410F1 loc_5410F1: ; CODE XREF: rotate2+2E .text:005410F1 xor esi, esi ; loop2 counter 150
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Quick introduction to reverse engin
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1.16 C++ classes . . . . . . . . .
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Preface Here (will be) some of my n
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1.1 Hello, world! Let’s start wit
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1.2 Stack Stack — is one of the m
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(_snprintf() function works just li
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1.3 printf() with several arguments
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1.4 scanf() Now let’s use scanf()
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GCC replaced first printf() call to
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}; return 0; printf ("What you ente
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1.5 Passing arguments via stack Now
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1.6 One more word about results ret
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push OFFSET $SG741 ; ’a
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1.8 switch()/case/default 1.8.1 Few
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1.8.2 A lot of cases If switch() st
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loc_804840C: ; DATA XREF: .rodata:0
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et 0 _main ENDP Nothing very specia
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add esp, 1Ch xor eax, eax ; return
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C/C++ standard defines char type as
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eax=eax+ecx return eax ... and this
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mov eax, ecx imul edx sar edx, 1 mo
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; current stack state: ST(0) = resu
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; in local stack here 8 bytes still
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fld QWORD PTR _a$[esp-4] ; current
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In other words, fnstsw ax / sahf in
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1.13 Arrays Array is just a set of
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mov [esp+70h+var_70], eax call _pri
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jge SHORT $LN1@main mov ecx, DWORD
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ebp 0x15 0x15 esi 0x0 0 edi 0x0 0 e
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1.14 Bit fields A lot of functions
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So, let’s download Linux Kernel 2
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There are some redundant code prese
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y 10 just by dropping last digit (3
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_key$ = 8 ; size = 4 _len$ = 12 ; s
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1.15 Structures It can be defined t
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call DWORD PTR __imp__GetSystemTime
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1.15.4 Fields packing in structure
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}; int b; struct outer_struct { cha
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}; printf ("stepping=%d\n", tmp->st
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call ___printf_chk mov eax, esi shr
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mov edx, DWORD PTR _t$[ebp] or edx,
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1.16 C++ classes I placed a C++ cla
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push ecx mov DWORD PTR _this$[ebp],
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call _ZN1c4dumpEv lea eax, [esp+20h
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1.17 Unions 1.17.1 Pseudo-random nu
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xor eax, eax pop esi mov esp, ebp p
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Let’s compile it in MSVC 2010 (I
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comp() function: public comp comp p
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Some compilers can do vectorization
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mov ecx, [esp+10h+var_10] mov edx,
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GCC In all other cases, non-SSE2 co
Page 104 and 105: add ebx, edx lea esi, [esi+0] loc_8
Page 106 and 107: movdqa xmm1, XMMWORD PTR [ecx+16] a
Page 108 and 109: 1.20 x86-64 It’s a 64-bit extensi
Page 110 and 111: } x40 = a3 | x31; x41 = x24 & ~x37;
Page 112 and 113: or ebx, DWORD PTR _x6$[esp+36] mov
Page 114 and 115: and r11, r8 and rsi, r8 and r10, r1
Page 116 and 117: pop rdi pop rsi ret 0 s1 ENDP Nothi
Page 118 and 119: 2.1 LEA instruction LEA (Load Effec
Page 120 and 121: 2.3 npad It’s an assembler macro
Page 122 and 123: 2.4 Signed number representations T
Page 124 and 125: call function function: .. do somet
Page 126 and 127: 3.2 String Debugging messages are o
Page 128 and 129: .text:3011E91B DD 1E fstp qword ptr
Page 130 and 131: loc_80483F2: pop ebp retn _f endp 4
Page 132 and 133: loc_8048444: loc_8048448: loc_80484
Page 134 and 135: public f2 f2 proc near push ebp mov
Page 136 and 137: loc_804840A: loc_804842E: loc_80484
Page 138 and 139: mov esi, DWORD PTR _k$[esp+16] push
Page 140 and 141: or eax, edx retn f endp 4.1.8 Task
Page 142 and 143: 4.2 Middle level 4.2.1 Task 2.1 Wel
Page 144 and 145: mov [edx+eax], bl mov ebx, edi mov
Page 146 and 147: loc_80485AB: ; CODE XREF: f+1E0 ; f
Page 148 and 149: mov [ecx+eax], dl inc eax cmp ebx,
Page 150 and 151: Chapter 5 Tools ∙ IDA as disassem
Page 152 and 153: Chapter 7 More examples 147
Page 156 and 157: .text:005410F3 .text:005410F3 loc_5
Page 158 and 159: .text:005411A9 pop ebx .text:005411
Page 160 and 161: .text:00541249 .text:00541249 next_
Page 162 and 163: .text:005412FC mov esi, offset cube
Page 164 and 165: .text:005413DC call _fwrite ; write
Page 166 and 167: .text:005414A7 push ecx ; Filename
Page 168 and 169: .text:005413A3 mov ecx, [esp+44h+pa
Page 170 and 171: .text:00541408 push offset aRb ; "r
Page 172 and 173: }; }; return; fseek (f, 0, SEEK_END
Page 174 and 175: .text:005411B5 mov ebp, eax Check f
Page 176 and 177: .text:0054124C inc ebp .text:005412
Page 178 and 179: This instruction clears bit, in oth
Page 180 and 181: .text:005410CD add esp, 40h .text:0
Page 182 and 183: }; for (i=0; i
Page 184 and 185: }; tmp[y][z]=get_bit (row, y, z); f
Page 186 and 187: }; fread (buf, flen, 1, f); fclose
Page 188 and 189: 7.2 SAP client network traffic comp
Page 190 and 191: .text:64413F68 .text:64413F68 loc_6
Page 192 and 193: .text:64405171 call dbg .text:64405
Page 194 and 195: .text:64404FF7 push offset aLogging
Page 196 and 197: .text:64405113 loc_64405113: .text:
Page 198 and 199: Now let’s dig deeper and find con
Page 200 and 201: .text:64411E0B .text:64411E0B loc_6
Page 202 and 203: Chapter 8 Other things 8.1 Compiler
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Chapter 9 Tasks solutions 9.1 Easy
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9.1.5 Task 1.5 Hint #1: Keep in min
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} 9.1.8 Task 1.8 Solution: two 100*
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#define PUSH(low, high) ((void) ((t
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} } ignore one or both. Otherwise,
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