It will now be the turn of .. - Eenadu

í∫’®Ω’-¢√®Ωç 1 °∂œ-v•-´-J 2007 Ñ-Ø√-úø’ £j«-ü¿®√-«-ü˛ 2
-Ççí∫x-µ«-≠æ-ù 267
Ramachandra (Compere/ EMCEE):
May I have your attention, ladies and gentlemen
(and my student friends)? All is set
for the evening's programme and we now
begin by inviting our beloved principal, professor
Upadesh to take his seat on dais.
Mitra and Charita will escort the principal to
his seat on the dais.
(Ç£æfi-ûª’-«®√, ü¿ßª’-îËÆœ N†çúÕ. Ñ ≤ƒßª’çvûªç
鬮Ωu-véπ-´÷-EéÀ Åç-û√ Æœü¿l¥´’®·çC. ´’† v°œßª’-ûª´’
principal Çî√®Ωu Ö°æ-üË-¨¸†’ ¢ËC-éπ-O’ü¿ ≤ƒn†çapple
èπÿ®Óa-¢√-©E éÓ®Ω-úøçûÓ ´’† Ñ Æ浺 v§ƒ®Ω絺ç
îËÆæ’hØ√oç. N’vûª, îªJûª Çߪ’-††’ ¢ËCéπ O’CéÀ
BÆæ’éÌ≤ƒh®Ω’.)
May I now invite the chief guest, Vice
Chancellor Dr.Vidyadhik of National
University to grace the dais with his presence?
Vinaya and Vignata will conduct him
to his seat on the dais.
(ûª´’ ÖE-éÀûÓ ¢ËCéπ†’ Å©ç-éπ-Jç-î√-Lqç-Cí¬ ´’†
´·êu ÅAC∑, National University Ö°æ èπ◊©-°æA,
ú≈éπd®˝ Nü∆u-Cµé˙†’ éÓ®Ω’-ûª’-Ø√o†’. N†ßª’, Nïcûª
¢√JE ¢ËCéπ O’CéÀ BÆæ’-éÌ-≤ƒh®Ω’.)
Next, with equal pleasure we look forward to
the presence, on the stage, of Smt
Susobhita, Commissioner, Collegiate
Education. Ajita and Ajai are requested to
show her to her seat.
(ûª®√yûª, ÅçûË ÆæçûÓ-≠æçûÓ, éπ∞«-¨»© Nü∆u éπN’-≠æ-
†®˝ X´’A Ææ’¨apple-Gµûª ¢ËCéπ O’ü¿èπ◊ ®√´-ú≈Eo áü¿’-
®Ω’-îª÷-Ææ’hØ√oç. Å>ûª, Åï-ß˝’©’ ¢√JE ¢ËCéπ
O’ü¿èπ◊ BÆæ’-éÌ-≤ƒh®Ω’.)
Now, Dr Acharya, President, Staff
Association will do us the favour of taking
his seat on the dais. He will be guided to his
seat by Rohini and Rohit.
(Åüµ∆u-°æéπ Ææç°∂æ’ç Åüµ¿u-èπ~◊úø’ ú≈éπd®˝ Çî√®Ωu ¢ËCéπ
O’ü¿ ÇÆ‘-†’©ßË’u ņ’-ví∫£æ«ç ´÷èπ◊ éπL-T-≤ƒh®Ω’.
®Ó£œ«ùÀ, ®Ó£œ«û˝ Çߪ’††’ ¢ËCéπ O’ü¿èπ◊ BÆæ’-éÌ-
≤ƒh®Ω’.)
It will now be the turn of Miss Sadhana
President, student's society to be seated on
the dais.
(É°æ¤púø’ ¢ËC-éπ-O’ü¿ ÇÆ‘†’©’ 鬢√-LqçC, Nü∆uJn
Ææç°∂æ’ç Åüµ¿u-èπ~◊-®√©’, èπ◊´÷J ≤ƒüµ¿†.)
Now the dignitaries on the dais will be garlanded
and offered bouquets.
(¢ËC-éπ-†-©ç-éπ-Jç-*† íı®Ω-´-F-ߪ·-©-éÀ-°æ¤púø’ °æ¤≠æp-´÷-
©©’, °æ¤≠æp í∫’î√a¥-©†’ É≤ƒh®Ω’.)
The next on our programme is lighting of the
lamp. May I ask volunteers Neeraja and
Padmaja to assist the chief guest in lighting
the lamp.
(´’† 鬮Ωu-véπ-´’çapple ûª®√yûª Å稡ç ñappleuA ¢ÁL-Tçîªôç/
ñappleuA v°æïy-©†. Volunteers F®Ωï, °æü¿tï-©†’
´·êu ÅAC∑ ñappleuA ¢ÁL-Tç-îª-ôçapple ûÓúøp-ú≈-
Lqç-Cí¬ éÓ®Ω’-ûª’-Ø√o†’.)
☺ ☺ ☺ ☺ ☺
É°æ¤púø’ ´’†ç îªC-NçC éÀçü¿öÀ lesson apple
îª÷Æœ† compering continuation ÅE ûÁ©’-Ææ÷hØË
ÖçC éπü∆. Compere/ EMCEE Ramachandra
éπ∞«-¨»© ¢√J{-éÓ-ûªq´ 鬮Ωu-véπ´’ E®Ωy-£æ«-ùapple µ«í∫-¢Á’i†
v°æÆæç-í∫-N’C.
ÆæGµ-èπ◊© ≤ƒ´-üµ∆†ç (attention) §ÒçC† ûª®√yûª
鬮Ωu-véπ´’ç v§ƒ®Ωçµºç– ´’†ç °j† îª÷Æœ† ®√´’-îªçvü¿
Ö°æ-Ø√uÆæç.
鬮Ωu-véπ´’ç v§ƒ®Ωç-µ«EéÀ Åçû√ Æœü¿l¥-¢Á’i† ûª®√yûª
≤ƒüµ∆-®Ω-ùçí¬ ¢Á·ôd-¢Á·-ü¿öÀ Åç¨¡ç– NP≠æ d ÅA-ü∑¿’-©†’
(Chief Guest, Guest of Honour - É«çöÀ ¢√∞¡x†’)
¢ËCéπ O’CéÀ ®Ω´’tE éÓ®Ωôç. äéπ N≠æߪ’ç î√«
´·êuç– compering apple ´’† ´÷ôapplex áçûª
¢ÁjNüµ¿uç Öçõ‰ Åçûª ÇÆæéÀhü∆ߪ’-éπçí¬ Öçô’çC. ¢ËCéπ
O’CéÀ ®√´-©-Æœ† Å®·ü∆®Ω’-í∫’®Ω’ ´uèπ◊happlex v°æA ´uéÀhF
I request Mr/ Ms so and so to come on to the
dais and take his/ her seat on the dais ÅE äÍé-
®Ω-éπçí¬ °œLÊÆh «í∫’ç-úøü¿’ éπü∆. äéÌ\-éπ\-JE äéÓ\-®Ωéπçí¬
Ç£æ…y-EÊÆh î√« variety í¬ Öçô’çC.
Åçü¿’èπ◊ ´’†èπ◊ 鬴-©-ÆœçC áèπ◊\´ vocabulary
(°æü∆© ñ«c†ç). ÉC ´’†ç áçûª áèπ◊\´ îªC-NûË
Åçûª «í¬ ´Ææ’hçC. ¢ÁjN-üµ¿u¢Ë’ (variety) compering
èπ◊ ´·êuçí¬ public speaking èπ◊ ≤ƒüµ∆-®Ω-ùçí¬
v§ƒùç!
´÷´·-©’í¬ ¢ËCéπ O’CéÀ ®√¢√-©†ö«EéÀ comperes
¢√úË expression- I request so and so
(°∂æ«Ø√ ¢√JE) to come on to the dais and take
his/ her seat ÅE.
(í∫´’-Eéπ: ¢ËCéπ = dais - pronunciation - úÁß˝’q –
´÷´‚-©’í¬ î√«´’çC ÅØËô’x úøߪ÷Æˇ é¬ü¿’.)
éÌçîÁç Ü£æ«ûÓ ÉüË µ«¢√Eo NNüµ¿ ®Ωé¬-©’í¬
express îËߪ’-´îª’a. °j† Ramchandra's compering
apple îª÷¨»®Ω’ í∫ü∆– äéÌ\-éπ\-JE äéÓ\ ®Ωéπçí¬
¢ËCéπ O’ü¿èπ◊ Ç£æ…y-Eç-îªôç.
a) I request our beloved principal to take his
seat on the dais.
b) May I now invite ... to grace the dais with his
presence (grace = ¨appleµº éπL-Tç-îªúøç)
c) Next, with equal pleasure, we look forward
to the presence on the stage, of smt susobhita
...
(ÅçûË ÆæçûÓ-≠æçûÓ ¢Ë’ç áü¿’®Ω’ îª÷Ææ’hØ√oç,
X´’A Ææ’¨apple-Gµûª ¢ËCéπ O’ü¿èπ◊ ®√´ôç.)
look forward to = Çvûªçí¬ áü¿’-®Ω’-îª÷-úøôç.
d) Now Dr Acharya, President, Staff
Association will do us the favour of taking
his seat on the dais.
(ûª®√yûª ú≈éπd®˝ Çî√®Ωu ¢ËC-éπ-O’ü¿ ÇÆ‘†’„j ´’´’tLo
ņ’-ví∫-£œ«-≤ƒh®Ω’– ûÁ©’-í∫’apple ņ’-ví∫-£œ«ç-îªôç ÅØËC
°ü¿l-´÷õ‰, é¬F formal English apple Ñ ¢√úø’éπ
≤ƒ´÷-†u¢Ë’. favour - American 'favour' - ņ’ví∫£æ«ç/
Ö°æ-鬮Ωç.
Could you do me a small favour?
é¬Ææh ≤ƒßª’ç îË≤ƒh¢√?/ îË≤ƒh®√?)
e) It will now be the turn of Miss Sadhana ... to
take her seat on the dais.
É°æ¤púø’ Nü∆uJn Ææç°∂æ’ Åüµ¿u-éπ~-®√©’, èπ◊´÷J ≤ƒüµ¿†
´çûª’, ¢ËCéπ O’CéÀ ®√´ôç.
turn= ´çûª’
Éçé¬ î√« Nüµ∆-©’í¬ é¬®Ωu-véπ-´’çappleE Ñ µ«í¬Eo
compere îËߪ’-´îª’a.
a) The next to honour us with his/ her presence
on the dais is ...
(ûª®√yûª ¢ËCéπ O’ü¿ ûª´’ ÖEéÀ ü∆y®√ ´’†èπ◊
džçü¿ç éπL-Tç-îË-¢√®Ω’ ...)
b) Equally welcome on to the dais is Mr ...
(X ... E ÅüË ≤ƒyí∫-ûªçûÓ ¢ËCéπ O’CéÀ Ç£æ…y-E-
Ææ’hØ√oç.)
c) We consider it a great privilege to have Sri/
Smt ... on the dais.
(X/ X´’A ... ¢ËCéπ O’ü¿ ÇÆ‘-†’-©-´ôç ´÷éÓ
v°æûËu-éπ-¢Á’i† ´’®√u-ü¿í¬/ ņ’-ví∫-£æ«çí¬ °æJ-í∫ùÀ≤ƒhç.)
d) We'll now have the privilege
of...
(Privilege = v°œN-Lñ¸) = v°æûËuéπ
Çü¿®Ωç/ £æ«èπ◊\.
Åçû√ ´’† Ü£æ…-¨¡-éÀhE •öÀd, ´’†èπ◊†o
vocabulary (°æü¿-Ææç-°æü¿)
•öÀd, áçûª variety Å®·Ø√ îª÷°œçîª-´îª’a.
äéÓ\-≤ƒJ Ç£æfi-ûª’-©†’ direct í¬ØË °œ©-´-´îª’a.
a) Sri/ Smt ... , the guest of the evening, will
you please/ would you please/ could you
please come on to the dais?/ take your seat
on the dais?/ grace the dais with your presence?/
honour us with your presence on the
dais?
äéÓ\-≤ƒJ Chief Guest †’ guest of the evening/
of the occasion ÅE èπÿú≈ Åçö«®Ω’.
It will now be the turn of ..
Important: Compering èπ◊ – Ææp≠æ dçí¬, Eü∆-†çí¬,
é¬Ææh Gí∫_-®Ωí¬ ´÷ö«x-úøôç– ´·êuçí¬ î√« Eü∆-†çí¬,
¢√éπuçapple Ç°æ-´-©-Æœ-†-îÓô Ç°œ, v§ƒ´·êuç É¢√y-Lq†
´÷ô©’ ØÌéÀ\ °æ©-éπúøç v°æüµ∆†ç. ¢Ëí∫çí¬ ´÷ö«x-úøôç
é¬ü¿’, Effective í¬ ´÷ö«x-úøôç ´·êuç.
-v°æ-¨¡o:
See through- See off- See out.
Passed out- passed off.
Saw in- saw off- saw of.
Ñ phrases Å®√nEo N´-Jç-îªçúÕ.
– °œ. üµ¿†’ç-ï-ߪ’-®√´¤, Xé¬- π◊∞¡ç
-ï-¢√-•’:
See through = Å®Ωnç îËÆæ’éÓ-´ôç. I can see
through your plan = F plan Å®Ωnç îËÆæ’éÓ-í∫-©†’.
See through = transparent = Glass «í¬
transparent í¬ ÖçúË. Film stars wear see
through clothes = û√®Ω©’ °æ©aöÀ •ôd©’ (§ƒ®Ω-ü¿-
®Ωz-éπçí¬ ÖçúÕ, ´çöÀE ü∆îªE) ¢ËÆæ’èπ◊ç-ö«®Ω’.
see off = OúÓ\©’ îÁ°æpôç – He saw him off at
the station.
see out - Ñ expression, English apple
‰ü¿’.
passout: 1) Ææp %£æ« ûª°æpôç (become
unconscious); 2) ÂÆjE-èπ◊©’ ûª´’ Péπ~ù
°æ‹®Ωh-®·† ûª®√yûª Military College E
´CL¢Á∞¡}ôç
pass off = (äéπ °∂æ’-ô-†)- äéπ Nüµ¿çí¬
ï®Ω-í∫ôç. The event passed off
peacefully = °∂æ’-ô-†/ 鬮Ωu-véπ-´’ç/
N≠æߪ’ç v°æ¨»ç-ûªçí¬ ïJ-TçC.
saw in - English apple ÉC ‰ü¿’.
saw off- past tense of see of
saw of - English é¬ü¿’.
-v°æ-¨¡o: Explain the deference between the
usage of 'Too and Also.'
– áç. ¢Ëù’-íÓ-§ƒ-«-î√-J, -£j«-ü¿-®√-«ü˛
-ï-¢√-•’:
'Also' is used in formal English, whereas
'too' is used in spoken English. 'Also' comes
before the main verb or after a 'be form',
whereas too usually comes at the end of the
sentence. eg: I went to Kolkata. I also visited
some other places near the city. She
came here and spoke to me too. (end of the
sentence)
-v°æ-¨¡o: 1. Students èπ◊ 'lesson explanation'
†’ à tense apple explain îËߪ÷L.
2. Å«Íí How to teach prose, poetry,
novel (non-detailed). Ñ ´‚úÕç-öÀapple
ûËú≈ àüÁjØ√ Öçü∆? N´-Jç-îªçúÕ.
– öÀ.P-´- π◊-´÷®˝, ÅAhL
-ï-¢√-•’:
i) Tenses explain îËߪ÷-LqçC Telugu appleØ√,
English appleØ√ ÅØËC -ûÁ-©’°æ-‰--ü¿’. Telugu apple
Å®·ûË, Compare îËÆœ N´-Jç-îªçúÕ. Telugu
form †’ English form †’.
English apple Å®·ûË time of action of the verb
†’ •öÀd, verb form á« Öçô’çüÓ explain
îËߪ’çúÕ. eg: form of the verb in the present
simple tense - write/ writes.
uses: Regular actions of any type.
Give example from real life. Like ..
1) Our school starts everyday at...
2) You (Your students) attend classes here
from 9 to 4. Ask them to talk of regular
actions using present simple tense.
Similarly explain to them the present continuous
tense- 1) Its form am+... ing/
is+...ing/ are+... ing. Its uses: actions
going on nowgive
examples from students' experience-
You are listening/ I am teaching/ A class
is going on in this room..., and so on. Try
this with the other tenses.
ii) To teach prose, ask them to read a paragraph
and try to understand the idea in it.
Then you check if their understanding is
correct.
(But before their reading the paragraph,
give them the meanings of difficult words.)
Then explain the meaning of each sentence;
put them questions now and then.
When all the paras are complete, ask
them questions about the idea in
each para.
How to teach poetry: Read out aloud
to the students the poem. Give the
meanings of difficult words, as used
in the poem. Then read out each line
after putting the words in the prose
order. They will then be able to follow
it more easily. Explain the whole
poem again.
Teaching non detailed: Give the summary
of the chapter you are going to teach. Read
out aloud the chapter para after para -
explain the meanings of difficult words.
Give the summary of each para.
-v°æ-¨¡o: -†’-´¤y O’ Ø√†oèπ◊ áØÓo ¢√úÕN?– Ñ
¢√é¬uEo ÉçTx-≠ˇapple á« îÁ§ƒpL?
– G. «®˝, †çü∆u¸
-ï-¢√-•’:
There isn't a correct expression in English
for asking this kind of question, that is, the
exact number of a person/thing in a
sequential order. The nearest to it could
be, what is your number/place among your
siblings? (Siblings= brothers and sisters)
- M. SURESAN

-Ç-C¢√®Ωç 4 °∂œ-v•-´-J 2007 Ñ-Ø√-úø’ £j«-ü¿®√-«-ü˛ 2
-Ççí∫x-µ«-≠æ-ù 268
Ramachandra (Compere/ EMCEE):
The next item on the programme is welcome
address by Kumari Sadhana,
President, Students' Society/ Kumari
Sadhana, President, Students' Society will
welcome the gathering.
(鬮Ωu-véπ´’çapple ûª®√yA Å稡ç, Nü∆uJn Ææç°∂æ’ç
Åüµ¿u-èπ~◊-®√L ≤ƒyí∫ûª ´îª-Ø√©’/ É°æ¤púø’ Nü∆uJn
Ææç°∂æ’ Åüµ¿u-èπ~◊-®√©’ èπ◊´÷J ≤ƒüµ¿† Ç£æfi-ûª’-©†’
≤ƒyí∫-A-≤ƒh®Ω’.)
Over to Sadhana (É°æ¤púø’ ≤ƒüµ¿†.)
Sadhana:
Thank you. Ramachandra. I consider it a
great honour to welcome, on behalf of our
college, Dr. Vidyadhik, VC, National
University, to the occasion. It certainly is a
rare privilege for us to have you here, Sir,
and to listen to your valuable message.
You are welcome, Sir.
(Thank you ®√´’-îªçvü¿. éπ∞«-¨»© ûª®Ω-°æ¤† Ñ
Ææçü¿-®√s¥-EéÀ, ´’† ´·êu-Å-AC∑, National
University Ö§ƒ-üµ¿u-èπ~◊©’ Dr. Nü∆u-Cµé˙èπ◊ ≤ƒyí∫ûªç
°æ©-éπôç ØËØÁçûÓ íı®Ω-´çí¬ µ«N-Ææ’h-Ø√o†’. É¢√∞¡
O’J-éπ\úø Öçúøôç, O’ Å´‚-©u-¢Á’i† ÆæçüË-¨»Eo
¢Ë’ç N†ôç, ´÷èπ◊ -©-Gµç-*-† Å®Ω’-üÁj† µ«í∫uçí¬
µ«N-Ææ’hØ√oç. O’èπ◊ ≤ƒyí∫ûªç.)
As happy I am to welcome too, Smt.
Susobhita, Commissioner, Collegiate
Education to our function this evening.
She has many achievements to her credit
and she can be role model for us.
Welcome, madam, on behalf of our college
community.
(Commissioner, Collegiate Education
X´’A Ææ’¨apple-Gµûª†’ èπÿú≈ ÅçûË ÆæçûÓ-≠æçûÓ Ç£æ…y-
E-Ææ’h-Ø√o†’. Ç¢Á’ ≤ƒCµç-*†N î√« ÖØ√o®·.
Ç¢Á’ ´’†èπ◊ Çü¿®Ωzç é¬í∫-©ü¿’. ´÷ College
ûª®Ω-°æ¤† O’èπ◊ ≤ƒyí∫ûªç.)
My word of welcome goes next to all the
invitees, distinguished men and women
among them, to this function. We welcome
heartily too, the parents of our students.
(ûª®√yûª Ééπ\-úÕéÀ NîËa-Æœ† Ç£æfi-ûª’-©ç-ü¿-JéÃ,
¢√∞¡xapplex NP≠æ d ´uèπ◊h©’ èπÿú≈ ÖØ√o®Ω’. ¢√∞¡xèπ◊ ´÷
≤ƒyí∫ûªç. Ééπ\-úÕ-éÌ-*a† Nü∆u-®Ω’n© ûªLx-ü¿ç-vúø’©èπÿ
´÷ Ç£æ…y†ç.)
Finally a warm word of welcome to our
beloved Principal, learned lecturers and
the student fraternity.
*´-®Ωí¬ ´’† éπ∞«-¨»© v°œEq-°æ-¸èπ◊, NVc-„j†
Åüµ∆u-°æ-èπ◊-©èπ◊, ûÓöÀ Nü∆u-®Ω’n-©ç-ü¿-Jéà ≤ƒyí∫ûªç.
Welcome to all, once again. Thank you.
(fraternity v°∂æô-EöÀ– ô ØÌéÀ\ °æ©’-èπ◊û√ç) =
1. Ææç°∂‘’-µ«´ç/ ≤Úü¿-®Ω-µ«´ç.
2. äÍé ´%AhéÀ, ¢√u°æ-é¬-EéÀ îÁçC† ´uèπ◊h©’.
(Teacher fraternity- Ö§ƒ-üµ∆uߪ’ ´%Ahapple
Ö†o-¢√∞¡Ÿx.)
Ramachandra:
Thank you, Sadhana. We'll now have the
pleasure of listening to the Principal's
opening remarks as the president of the
function and that will be followed by his
presentation of the college annual report.
(É°æ¤púø’ ´’† Æ浺èπ◊ Åüµ¿u-éπ~ûª ´£œ«-Ææ’h†o Principal
ûÌL °æ©’-èπ◊©’/ °æJ-îªßª’ ¢√é¬u©’ NØË
Å´-鬨¡ç §Òçü¿-†’Ø√oç. ûª®√yûª éπ∞«-¨»© ¢√J{éπ
E¢Ë-Céπ Ææ´’-Jp-≤ƒh®Ω’.)
☺ ☺ ☺ ☺ ☺
í∫ûª È®çúø’ lessons apple spoken English apple µ«í∫-
´’-®·† compering and conduct of a meeting
(Æ浺èπ◊ v°æßÁ÷-éπhí¬ ´u´-£æ«-Jç-îªôç, ü∆Eo E®Ωy-£œ«çîªôç)
îªC¢√ç éπü∆. Ñ lesson apple ÅC continue
îËÆæ’hØ√oç.
[Æ浺 E®Ωy-£æ«ù È®çúø’ Nüµ∆-©’í¬ Öçúø-´îª’a.
1. ´’† lessons apple îª÷Ææ’h-†oô’x, ¢Á·ûªhç ¢ËC-éπ-O’C
Å稻-©-Eoç-öÀF, EMCEE -ßË’ compere
îËߪ’ôç. Æ浺èπ◊ Åüµ¿u-èπ~◊©’ Ö†o-°æp-öÀéÃ, nonpolitical
meetings apple v°æÆæ’hûªç î√«-´’-ô’èπ◊,
鬮Ωu-véπ´’çappleE Å稻-©†’, ´®Ω’Ææ v°æ鬮Ωç
N´-Jç*, ¢√öÀéÀ Ææç•çüµ¿ç Ö†o ¢√∞¡x†’ ¢ËCéπ
O’CéÀ °œ©-´ôç, ¢√öÀ-O’ü¿ Ææçü¿-®Ós¥-*ûª ¢√uêu©’
îËÆæ÷h, Ç£æfi-ûª’-©èπ◊ NÆæ’í∫’ °æ¤öÀdç-îª-èπ◊çú≈
Öçîªúøç «çöÀ´Fo ¢Á·ûªhç EMCEE/ Compere
Íé ´C-‰-Ææ’h-Ø√o®Ω’.
È®çúÓ Nüµ∆†ç: Æ浺 v§ƒ®Ωç-µº-´’-ßË’u-´-®Ωèπÿ EMCEE/
Compere v°æÆæç-í¬©’ – Åçü¿®Ω’ NP≠æ d ÅAü∑¿’©’
stage O’ü¿ èπÿ®Ω’a†o ûª®√yûª, Æ浫-üµ¿u-èπ~◊-©èπ◊ Ç£æ…y†
°ævûªçappleE 鬮Ωu-véπ´’ç ´®ΩÆæ îª÷°œç* Æ浺†’ E®Ωy-
£œ«ç--î√-©-E éÓ®Ωúøç. Å°æ¤púø’ Åüµ¿u-èπ~◊úø’/ Åüµ¿u-èπ~◊®√©’
(President) †’ 鬮Ωu-véπ-´÷Eo E®Ωy-£œ«ç--î√-©-E
éÓ®Ωúøç. Ñ ûª®√yûª EMCEE éÀ *´-J-´-®Ωèπ◊ °æE
Öçúøü¿’. Åçû√ President îª÷Ææ’-èπ◊ç-ö«®Ω’. ÉC
´·êuçí¬ political meetings ïJÍí B®Ω’.
Éçü¿’apple compere §ƒvûª î√« ûªèπ◊\´.]
É°æ¤úø’ ´’†ç îª÷Ææ’h-†oC compere èπ◊ v§ƒüµ∆†uç
Ö†o Æ浺. NP≠æ d ÅA-ü∑¿’©’ (special guests) ¢ËC-éπ-
°j† èπÿ®Ω’a†o ûª®√yûª, ¢√J-ûÓ-§ƒô’ N’í∫-û√-¢√-JE
èπÿú≈ ≤ƒü¿-®Ωçí¬ Ç£æ…y-Eç-îªúøç Ææçv°æü∆ߪ’ç. É«
≤ƒyí∫ûªç °æ©-éπôç Welcome address. Ñ Æ浺apple
Nü∆uJn Ææç°∂æ’ ´·êu v°æA-ECµ èπ◊´÷J ≤ƒüµ¿† Ñ
≤ƒyí∫ûÓ°æØ√uÆæç îË≤ÚhçC éπü∆. Welcome address
N≠æ-ߪ’çapple î√« ñ«ví∫-ûªhí¬ Öçú≈L. ¢Á·ü¿öÀ †’ç*
*´J ´®Ωèπÿ v§ƒ´·-êu- ´-®Ω-Ææapple Ç£æ…y-E≤ƒhç.
-‰èπ◊ç-õ‰ ŧƒ-®√n©’ éπ©’-í∫’-û√®·. Kumari
Sadhana's Welcome address has this order:
1. Chief Guest
2. Guest of honour
3. Principal
4. Other invitees and parents
5. Lecturers and other students.
Ñ Welcome address èπÿú≈ áçûª variety í¬
Öçõ‰ Åçûª «í∫’ç-ô’çC. Ééπ\úø -´’-†ç «í¬
Ö°æ-ßÁ÷-TçîË ´÷ô©’ Privilege, honour, pleasure,
joy (ÉC é¬Ææh ûªèπ◊\´), consider/ deem
(°æJ-í∫-ùÀç-îªôç)– ÉN ¢√é¬uapplex á« -¢√-ú≈apple îª÷ü∆lç.
1) On behalf of our college community,
a) I consider it/ deem it/ a privilege/ honour
to Welcome the Chief Guest of the
evening, Sir...
b) With immense (ŧƒ-®Ω-¢Á’i†)/ great pleasure
I Welcome Sir...
c) I find great/ immense pleasure in Welcoming
Sir...
d) I now have the pleasure/ privilege of
Welcoming Sir...
e) I feel honoured to Welcome Sir...
f) I feel it an honour to Welcome Sir...
É«ç-öÀ¢Ë é¬èπ◊çú≈ ÉüË µ«¢√Eo Ææ’p¥Jç-
°æ--ñ‰ÊÆ üˆo-®·Ø√ ´’†ç ¢√úø-´îª’a.
´·êuçí¬ Éü¿çû√ public speaking
apple µ«í∫ç 鬕öÀd, î√«
preparation Å´-Ææ®Ωç. Æ浺/
function v§ƒ®Ωç-µ«-EéÀ ´·çüË
鬮Ωu-véπ´’ç ÅEo N´-®√©’, List of
invitees/ in the order of their importance,
important details of the invitees with their correct
names, position etc., thorough í¬ ûÁLÆœ
°ô’d-éÓ-´ôç î√« ´·êuç. ÉüË ´’† performance
«í¬ ÖçúËô’x îËÆæ’hçC. Without proper
preparation, stage O’ü¿ §Ò®Ω-§ƒô’x îËÊÆ Å´-鬨¡ç
Öçô’çC. Stage O’ü¿ *†o §Ò®Ω-§ƒô’x èπÿú≈
ÆæGµèπ◊©èπ◊ °ü¿l-N-í¬ØË éπE°œ≤ƒh®·.
Important: Speak with confidence. ÆæGµ-èπ◊©’
´’†‰o îª÷Ææ’h-Ø√o®Ω’. ´’†ç àç ûª°æ¤p îËߪ’-èπÿ-úøü¿’,
ÅØË µ«´ç ÅÆæ-©’ç-úø-èπÿ-úøü¿’.
I feel it an honour to ..
(ÉüË self consciousness Åçö«®Ω’. ÉC ´C-‰ÊÆh
´’†ç success.) Speak freely and with ease.
Next, in your Welcome address, while wel-
coming a person, turn your face towards him
and nod your head.
(äéπ-JE Ç£æ…y-EçîËô°æ¤púø’, ¢√∞¡x ¢Áj°æ¤ AJT ûª©
ÇúÕç-îªôç «í¬ Öçô’çC.)
Public Speaking 鬕öÀd î√« Eü∆-†çí¬, Çí¬-Lq†
îÓô ÇT, Ææp≠æ dçí¬ (distinctly) ´÷ö«x-úÕûË î√«
«í∫’ç-ô’çC.
EXERCISE
Practise compering (in English) the birthday
party of your friend, use the following
points.
1. Call the gathering to order.
(´*a† ¢√∞¡xç-ü¿-JE ≤ƒ´-üµ∆-†’-©†’ éπ´’t-†ôç.)
(May I have your attention, please etc.,)
2. Reminding the invitees of the occasion.
(Ææçü¿-®√s¥Eo í∫’®Ω’h îËߪ’úøç.)
(Begin: 'My dear friends, We are here to
celebrate ... «çöÀ ´÷ô-©ûÓ)
3. Welcome all of the invitees.
4. Express your best wishes to your friend on
behalf of all the invitees.
5. Blowing of the candles, cake cutting.
6. Entertainment and refreshment.
-v°æ-¨¡o: îªE-§Ú-®·† ´uèπ◊h© Ê°®Ω’ ´·ç-ü¿’ late
¢√úøû√ç éπü∆! late ûª®√yûª Mr./ Mrs.
¢√ú≈«,‰ü∆ late ûª®√yûª Ê°®Ω’
¢√ú≈«?
- V. S. Murthy, e-mail.
ï-¢√-•’: After late, Mr/ Mrs/ Sri is not
used, but 'the' must be used
before 'late'. (The late NT
Rama Rao)
-v°æ-¨¡o: I would like to know, is there any simple
good course book for English
speaking course. If it is, where can I
get it?
- Ramanarasaiah, e-mail.
ï-¢√-•’: You will find, 'Living English structure'
by Stannard Allen, a very useful
book. It is very helpful for learners.
-v°æ-¨¡o:
1. What is meant by adverb?
2. What is the meaning of contemptuous?
-– Ç®˝. Ææ-G-ûª, £j«-ü¿®√-«-ü˛
ï-¢√-•’:
1. Adverb modifies a verb. Verb subject
îËÊÆ -°æE-E ûÁ©’°æ¤-ûª’çC. Ç °æE á«/ à
¢Ë’-®Ωèπ◊ ïJ-TçC ÅØË -ûÁ-LÊ° °æü¿ç adverb.
He walked slowly (Åûª†’ Eü∆-†çí¬
†úÕ-î√úø’)– Ééπ\úø verb, walked = †úÕ-î√úø’.
á« †úÕ-î√úø’? Answer: Slowly (Eü∆-†çí¬)
鬕öÀd slowly ÅØËC adverb. Verb èπ◊ á«?
(how) ÅE v°æ¨¡o ¢ËÆæ’èπ◊çõ‰ ´îËa -ï-¢√-‰
adverb.
He ran fast - á« °æ®Ω’-Èí-û√húø’?
(How did he run?)
Answer: Fast. So 'fast' is the adverb here.
2. (á´-È®j oØ√/ üËØÁj oØ√) ûªèπ◊\-´ µ«´çûÓ/
ÅÆæ-£æ«uçûÓîª÷ÊÆ/ ®Óûªí¬ ÅÆæ-£œ«uç--éÌØË ÅE.
The whites were contemptuous of the
blacks = †©x-¢√-∞¡x-°æôx ûÁ©x-¢√∞¡Ÿx ÅÆæ-£æ«u-µ«-´çûÓ
ÖçúË-¢√∞¡Ÿx.
She is contemptuous of whatever I do =
ØËØËç-îË-ÆœØ√ Ç¢Á’èπ◊ ÅÆæ£æ«uç.
He is contemptuous of cricket =
véÀÈé-ö¸ Åçõ‰- Åûª-úÕéÀ -ÅÆæ£æ«uç.
-v°æ-¨¡o: In spite of Åçõ‰- -à-N’-öÀ? -D-Eo -á°æ¤p-úø’
-¢√-úø-û√®Ω’? -Ö-ü∆£æ«®Ω-ù-©’ -É-´yç-úÕ.
- Y. Sudhakar, e-mail
ï-¢√-•’:
In spite of = Å®·-†-°æp-öÀéÀ.
a) Inspite of her treatment by a good doctor,
she died.
(´’ç* -ú≈éπd®˝ ¢Ájü¿uç îËÆœ-†-°æp-öÀéÃ, Ç¢Á’ îªE-
§Ú-®·çC.)
b) Inspite of her beauty, she is modest.
(Åçü¿ç Ö†o-°æp-öÀéÃ, Ç¢Á’ Eí∫Jy.)
c) Inspite of his starting late, he was able
to catch the train. (Ç©-Ææuçí¬ •ßª’--©’-üË-J-
†-°æp-öÀéÃ, -võ„i-Ø˛ Åçü¿’-éÓ-í∫--Lí¬úø’.)
Inspite of ûª®√yûª á°æ¤púø÷, noun í¬-F [sentence
(a) and (b)], 'ing' form í¬-F (sentence
c) ´Ææ’hçC. Inspite of = though.
-v°æ-¨¡o:
1. -O-öÀ-E -Éç-Tx-≠ˇ-apple -á-« -îÁ-§ƒp-L?
i) Å-ûª-úø’ -îË®·ç-î√-úø’.
ii) -Å-ûª-úø’ -†-†’o -îË-ߪ’-´’-Ø√o-úø’.
iii) -Å-ûª-úÕ -•-ü¿’-©’ -†-†’o -¢Á-∞¡x-´’-Ø√o-úø’.
2. as- as -É-« -á-Eo °æ-ü∆-©’-Ø√o®·? -Ö-ü∆:
as long as, as much as, as soon as.
-´’-JéÌ-Eo -Ö-ü∆£æ«®Ω-ù-©-ûÓ -N-´-Jç-îªí∫-©®Ω’.
– Èé.Ææ’-üµ∆éπ®˝®√-´¤, -´’-†’-apple-©’
ï-¢√-•’:
1. i) He got it/ had it done.
ii) He asked me to do it.
iii) He wanted me to go instead of him.
2. ´’†ç ûÁ-L-ߪ’°æ®Ω-î√-©-†’-èπ◊†o µ«¢√Eo •öÀd,
'as - as' ¢√úÕ áEo phrase -„jØ√ ¢√úø-´îª’a.
eg: As late as; as recently as, as early
as, as many as, etc.
- M. SURESAN

-´’çí∫-∞¡-¢√®Ωç 6 °∂œ-v•-´-J 2007 Ñ-Ø√-úø’ £j«-ü¿®√-«-ü˛ 2
Ramachandra (EMCEE / Compere):
That was Kumari Sadhana welcoming the
guests of the evening.
Now We'll have president of the evening's
function, our principal making his opening
remarks. It will then be followed by his presentation
of the college annual report.
(É°æpöÀ ´®Ωèπ◊ Ç£æfi-ûª’-©èπ◊ èπ◊´÷J ≤ƒüµ¿†
Ç£æ…y†ç °æL-éÀçC. É°æ¤púø’ Ñ Æ浺èπ◊ Åüµ¿u-èπ~◊-
„j† ´’† -v°œ-Eq°æ-¸ ûÌL °æ©’-èπ◊©’ Öçö«®·. Ç
ûª®√yûª éπ∞«-¨»© ¢√J{éπ E¢Ë-Céπ†’ Çߪ’† Ææ´’-Jp-
≤ƒh®Ω’)
After the Principals opening remarks fol-
lowed by college report.
(v°œ-Eq°æ-¸ Ö-°æ-Ø√uÆæç Å-ߪ÷uéπ ûª®√yûª é¬-‰-ñ¸ -
J-§Ú®˝d Öç-ô’ç-C)
Ramachandra:
You've just heard the principal presenting
the college report. The college has made a
good progress with several of the students
shining in different fields.
(v°œEq-°æ-¸- E¢Ë-Céπ NØ√oç; Nü∆u-®Ω’n©’ NNüµ¿
®Ωçí¬applex ≤ƒ-Cµç-*-† °∂æ-L-û√-©’ éπ∞«-¨»©-†’ v°æí∫-A-«-ô-
apple °æ-ߪ’-Eç-îª-ú≈-EéÀ -ûÓ-úøp-ú≈f®·.) ûª®√yA Å稡ç.
Ramachandra:
Now, on to our next item - the introduction
of the chief guest by the vice president of
the students' society Mallikarjun.
(éπ∞«-¨»© Nü∆uJn Ææç°∂æ’ Ö§ƒ-üµ¿u-èπ~◊úø’ ´’Lx-é¬-®Ω’bØ˛
´·êu-Å-A-C∑-E ÆæGµ-èπ◊-©èπ◊ °æJ-îªßª’ç îË≤ƒhúø’.)
over to Mallikarjun.
After the introduction of the chief guest
(´·êu ÅAC∑ °æJ-îªßª’ç ûª®√yûª)
Ramachandra:
Well, we've seen from Mallikarjun's introduction
that we are very fortunate to have
in our midst this evening, a very great man,
indeed one who can inspire us to rise high
in life. Without further delay let's have his
message. We invite you sir, (Vice chancellor,
Dr Vidyadhik of National University).
looking forward your message.
(Ñ ≤ƒßª’çvûªç ´·êu-Å-A-C∑í¬ ´’†- ´’-üµ¿u-†’†o
´uéÀh áçûª íÌ°æp-¢√®Ó ´’-Lx鬮Ω’b-Ø˛ °æJ-îªßª’ç- ü∆y®√
ûÁ©’-Ææ’-èπ◊Ø√oç. ÉçÍéç Ç©Ææuç ‰èπ◊çú≈ Çߪ’†
ÆæçüË-¨»Eo -´’-†ç Nçü∆ç. O’ ÆæçüË-¨¡ç éÓÆæç
--á--ü¿’®Ω’ îª÷Ææ÷h, ´’Sx N’´’tLo Ç£æ…y-E-Ææ’hØ√oç)
After the chief guest's address
(´·êu-Å-AC∑ Ö°æ-Ø√uÆæç ûª®√yûª)
Ramachandra:
-Ççí∫x-µ«-≠æ-ù 269
That was really an inspiring speech by the
chief guest. It's a rare privilege to have listened
to such words. May I on behalf of my
student friends assure you, sir, we will try
our best to put into practice your valuable
message.Thank you again and again, sir.
(´·êu-Å-A-C∑ Ö°æ-Ø√uÆæç î√-« vÊ°®Ωù éπL_çîËCí¬
ÖçC. -É«çöÀ ´÷ô©’ N-ØË Å´-鬨¡ç î√-«
Å®Ω’-ü¿’í¬ -´Ææ’hç-C. O’ ÆæçüË-¨»Eo Çîª-®Ω-ùapple °ôdú≈-EéÀ
´÷ ¨»ßª’-¨¡-èπ◊h« éπ%≠œ-îË-≤ƒh--´’-E ´÷ Nü∆u-
®Ω’n© ûª®Ω-°æ¤† ؈’ £æ…O’ ÉÆæ’h-Ø√o†’. O’èπ◊ ´÷
üµ¿†u¢√ü∆©’)
Prize distribution - that is what is to follow
now, my dear friends. Students who have
shown their merit in various fields will now
have the rare honour of receiving their
prizes from the Guest of Honour, Smt
Susobhita, Commissioner, Collegiate education.
(-D-E -ûª®√y-ûª •£æ›-´’A v°æü∆†ç -Öç-ô’ç-C. N’vûª’-
«®√, NNüµ¿ ®Ωçí¬applex ûª´’ v°æA-µº†’ v°æü¿-Jzç-*†
Nü∆u-®Ω’n-©èπ◊, X´’A Ææ’¨apple-Gµûª, Commissioner,
Collegiate education, •£æ›-´’A v°æü∆†ç
îË≤ƒh®Ω’.
Susmita and Sekhar will read out the prize
list. alternately.
(Ææ’Æœtûª-, ¨Ï-ê®˝, äéπJ -ûª®√y-ûª äéπ®Ω’ prizelist
îªü¿’-´¤-û√®Ω’.)
After the prize distribution
(•£æ›-´’-A v°æü∆†ç ûª®√yûª)
Ramachandra:
Thank you - very much, Madam, for having
taken the trouble to give away as many as
140 prizes both academic and sports. That
must have been a strain- giving away 140
prizes, but we could n't help it as that only
shows such a large number of achievers.
(-¢Ë’-úø-¢˛’, Nü¿u, véÃúø©èπ◊ Ææç•ç-Cµç-*-† -Å-Eo -•£æ›-
´’-ûª’-©’ -É--*a-†ç-ü¿’èπ◊ -O’èπ◊ -üµ¿-†u-¢√-ü∆-©’. 140
•£æ›-´’-ûª’-L-´yôç O’èπ◊ î√« v¨¡¢Ë’ Åߪ·uçú≈L.
é¬E ûª°æpü¿’. áçûª-´’çC v°æA-µ«-´çûª’©’Ø√o®Ó
-Ñ Ææç-ë‰u ûÁ-©’°æ¤ûÓçC)
Now follows vote of thanks - to be proposed
by the Secretary of the Students
Society- Niranjan.
(É°æ¤púø’ Nü∆uJn Ææç°∂æ’ é¬®Ωu-ü¿Jz E®Ωç-ïØ˛ ´çü¿†
Ææ´’-®Ωpù -Öç-ô’ç-C)
◗ ◗ ◗ ◗ ◗ ◗ ◗
°j v°æÆæçí∫ç Åçû√ ´’†ç í∫ûª éÌEo lessons apple
îª÷Ææ’h†o Compering Continuation °j-ØË -Öç--C.
✻ Nü∆uJn Ææç°∂æ’ Åüµ¿u-èπ~◊-®√-©’ '≤ƒüµ¿†— ≤ƒyí∫-ûÓ-°æ-Ø√uÆæç
ûª®√yûª, President's Opening remarks- Åüµ¿uèπ~◊úÕ
-ûÌL °æ©’-èπ◊©’– Öçö«®·.
✻ Principals annual report, ü∆E ¢Áç•úË Prize
Distribution, Öç-ô’ç-C. Ç- ûª®√yûª Vote of
thanks- Æ浫 鬮Ωu-véπ-´’çapple ´÷´‚-©’í¬ ÉD
´®ΩÆæ.
✻ (Å®·ûË äéÓ\-éπ°æ¤púø’ vote of thanks èπ◊ ´·çü¿’
President's closing remarks Öçö«®·. é¬F
College functions apple ≤ƒüµ∆-®Ωùçí¬ ÉC
Öçúøü¿’)
✻ Ñ -´®ΩÆæ -véπ´’ç announce îËÊÆ-ô-°æ¤púø’,
Compere, the next item on the programme
is, ÅE ´÷®Ω’p ‰èπ◊çú≈ v°æA-≤ƒK Å« Åçô’çõ‰
vÊ°éπ~-èπ◊-©èπ◊ NÆæ’-í∫-E-°œç-îªúøç Ææ£æ«ïç.
✻ Åçü¿’-éπE v°æA Å稻Fo announce îËÊÆ-ô-°æ¤púø’,
¢ËÍ® Nüµ¿çí¬ announce îËÊÆh î√« «í∫’ç-ô’çC
éπü∆. ü∆çûÓ-§ƒô’ Åéπ\-úø Ææçü¿®√s¥-†’≤ƒ®Ωç Å°æpöÀ-éπ-°æ¤púø’
ÆæJ-§ÚßË’ ´÷ô©’, Å°æp-öÀ-éπ-°æ¤púø’
Ü£œ«ç--éÌE extemporize (áé˙qõ„ç§ÚÈ®jñ¸– ñ¸,
size apple z«) îËÊÆh î√« Åçü¿çí¬ Öçô’çC.
✻ Extemporize: îËߪ’-í∫--©-úøç (Ææçü¿-®√s¥-EéÀ
ûªT-†-ô’x -Å°æp--öÀéπ°æ¤p-úø’ ņ’-éÌE °jéÀ-îÁ-°æpôç)
Compering †’ î√«-- Çéπ-®Ω{-ùÃ-ߪ’çí¬ îËÆæ’hçC.
The next item on the programme Å-E -v°æ-A≤ƒ-J
-Å-†-úøç v-Ê°éπ~-èπ◊-©-èπ◊ NÆæ’í∫’- ûÁ°œpÆæ’hç-C. -vÊ°éπ~èπ◊-applex -Ö-
û√q£æ…-Eo -EçÊ°- variety í¬ -Öç-úË
éÀçC expressions ¢√úø-´îª’a.
a) What follows next is the
president's opening
remarks
(ûª®√yûª ´îËa-üËç-ôçõ‰...)
b) We are now going to be treated to a won-
derful speech by Sri/Smt... =
(X/X-´’A... ûª´’ ÅîÁa-®Ω’´¤ éπL_çîË Ö°æ-Ø√u-ÆæçûÓ
´’†èπ◊ Nçü¿’ -îË-ߪ’-†’-Ø√o®Ω’)
(are going to be treated to = Nçü¿’ É´y-•-úø-
apple-ûª’Ø√oç. ´÷´‚©’ ûÁ©’í∫’-apple 'Nçü¿’-§Òç-ü¿-
†’Ø√oç— -Å-E -Åç-ö«ç)
(treat= Nçü¿’. ¢Ájü¿uç îË-ߪ’-úøç -Å-ØË -Å®Ωnç-apple -D-Eo
áèπ◊\-´í¬ -¢√-úø-û√®Ω’. äéπ-J-°æôx ´’†ç îª÷°œçîË Çü¿-
®√-Gµ-´÷-Ø√©’, etc.)
c) Here's what we've been looking forward
TO RISE HIGH IN LIFE...
to/waiting anxiously all along the chief
Guest' address =
´’†ç Éçûª-ÊÆ°æ‹ Ç-vûª’-ûªûÓ áü¿’-®Ω’-îª÷-Ææ’h-†o -´·êu-
Å-AC∑ Ö°æ-Ø√uÆæç --É°æ¤púø’ N-†-apple-ûª’Ø√oç)
d) May I now request Sri/Smt... to inspire us
with his / her message, etc., =
(ûª´’ ÆæçüË-¨¡çapple ´÷èπ◊ Ææ÷p¥Jh éπL_ç--î√-Lqç-Cí¬
Sri/Smt... éÓ®Ω’-èπ◊ç-ô’-Ø√o†’.)
É« ´’† Ü£æ…-¨¡-éÀh-E-/ -´’-†-èπ◊†o vocabulary - -
Ç-üµ∆®Ωçí¬, áçûª-¢Áj-N-üµ¿uçûÓ (variety)ØÁjØ√ compere
îËߪ’-´îª’a. O’èπ◊ Compere îËÊÆ Å´-鬨¡ç
‰èπ◊çõ‰ O’ Éçöapplex Åü¿lç ´·çü¿’ äéπ event †’
Ü£œ«ç--éÌE comparing Gí∫_-®Ωí¬ practice
îËߪ’ç-úÕ. ûª°æp-èπ◊çú≈ O’®Ω÷ ´’ç* compere Å´¤û√®Ω’
.
Exercise:
´÷´‚©’ Ææ´÷-¢Ë-¨»applex *´J Å稡ç vote of
thanks. -D-E-E -ûÁ-©’í∫’-apple ´çü¿† Ææ´’-®Ωpù -Åç-ö«ç.
Ææ´÷-¢Ë-¨»-EéÀ ´*a† ¢√®Ωç-ü¿-JéÃ, Ææ´÷-¢Ë¨¡ Nï-ߪ’-é¬-®Ωèπ◊-„j†
¢√Jéà éπ%ûª-ïc-ûª©’ ûÁ-©°æ-úøç.
✓ O’®Ω’ college students' union
Secretary í¬ Ü£œ«ç--èπ◊E
îÁ°æpçúÕ.
Ææ÷îª-†©’:
1) áèπ◊\´ v§ƒ´·êuç Ö†o ´uéÀhéÀ
´·çü¿÷, Å-A ûªèπ◊\´
v§ƒ´·êuç Ö†o ¢√JéÀ *´®Ω
thanks - Ç ´-®ΩÆæ véπ´’çapple –
Savithri
Åûªuçûª v§ƒ´·êuç †’ç*
Åûªu©p v§ƒ´·--ë«u-EéÀ ®√¢√L.
2) ´çü¿† Ææ´’-®Ωpù (vote of thanks)
Ñ ¢√é¬u-©ûÓ Englishapple É« v§ƒ®Ωç-GµçîªçúÕ,
''´çü¿† Ææ´’-®Ωpù îËÊÆ Å´-鬨¡ç Ø√èπ◊ ´*a-
†ç-ü¿’èπ◊ áçûÓ ÆæçûÓ-≠æçí¬ ÖçC/--É-C Ø√-éÀ-
*a† íı®Ω´ç ņ’-èπ◊ç-ô’-Ø√o†’——–
(I find it/feel it/deem it a great pleasure
to...)
´çü¿† Ææ´’-®Ωpù îËߪ’ôç = propose/offer
a vote of thanks.
3) éπ∞«-¨»© Nü∆u-®Ω’n-©’, Åüµ∆u-°æ-èπ◊--©’, ߪ÷ï-´÷†uç
-Ø√ -ûª®Ω°æ¤-† ¢Á·ôd-¢Á·-ü¿-öÀí¬ ´’† ´·êu- Å-AC∑
(Ê°®Ω’, £æ«Ùü∆ îÁ°æpçúÕ) éÀ éπ%ûª-ïc-ûª©’.
4) Ñ-Ø√-öÀ guest of honour X´’A ...èπ◊ éπ%ûªïc-ûª©’
É« Ææ´÷-¢Ë¨¡ç Nï--ߪ’-´ç-ûªç -îËÆœ-†-¢√®Ωç-ü¿®Ω÷
´îËa-« English apple vote of thanks îÁ°æpçúÕ, .
v°æ¨¡o:
1. They have been able to solve the problem.
Structure: have been able to + p.v.
2. She might have been able to get their
support.
Structure: might have been able to + p.v.
3. She must have been able to prove them
wrong.
4. Miss Savitri must have been able to incite
him to cause harm to his reputation.
Structure: Must have been able to + p.v.
I have doubts in the above sentences structure.
Please clarify.
S. Mohinuddin, Kurnool
-ï-¢√-•’:
i) The part 'have been to solve the problem''
of sentence No - 1 is NOT in the structure.
'have been able to P.V. (passive).
Here, the division of the sentence should be,
'have been able + to solve + the problem. 'to
solve' should be taken as a single unit,
because 'to solve (to + 1st Regular doing
word) is an infinitive.
So the structure of 'have been able to solve
the problem' is: Have been (verb) + able
(adjective) + to solve (infinitive) + the problem
(noun/object).
No part of the expression here is in passive
voice. Only an expression with a 'be' form +
past participle (is done, has been given, are
seen etc) is in the passive voice. Same
applies to your other sentences No. 2, 3 & 4.
This is the structure.
Structure of the sentence
Subject Verb adjective infinitive noun etc
They have been able to solve the problem
She might able to get their support
have been
She must able to prove them wrong
have been
Miss must have been able to incite him to cause
harm to them
You see none of your sentences or part of
them are in passive voice (PV)
v°æ¨¡o:
1. After a three day strike, the management
has accepted the workers
demands. °j ¢√éπuçapple three days ÅE
•£æ›-´-îª†ç ®√ߪ’-èπÿ-úøü∆? N´-Jç-îªçúÕ.
T. Sridevi, Dhulipudi
-ï-¢√-•’: ´‚úø’ ®ÓV© Ææ¢Á’t– a three day strike/
three days' strike- Ñ È®çúø÷ correct.
a) The College reopened after a 15 day holiday
= The college reopened after 15 days'
holiday = after 15 days of holidays.
b) The three day conference ended today =
The three days' conference ended today.
- M. SURESAN

í∫’®Ω’-¢√®Ωç 8 °∂œ-v•-´-J 2007 Ñ-Ø√-úø’ £j«-ü¿®√-«-ü˛ 2
-Ççí∫x-µ«-≠æ-ù 270
Ramachandra (Compere/ EMCEE):
(After the prize distribution)
Thank you again and again, Madam, for giving
away so many prizes. We know it was a
trouble for you standing all the time. Our prize
winners, however, will never forget this honour
of receiving the prizes from you.
(O’èπ◊ ´’Sx ´’Sx thanks, ÅEo •£æ›-´’ûª’L*a-†çü¿’èπ◊.
Åçûª-ÊÆ°æ¤ E©’-îÓ-´úøç O’Èéçûª v¨¡¢Á÷ ´÷èπ◊
ûÁ©’Ææ’, é¬E ´÷ Nü∆u-®Ω’n©’ O’ †’ç* •£æ›-´’-ûª’-
©ç-ü¿’-èπ◊ØË µ«í∫uç á°æp-öÀéà ´’®Ω-*-§Ú®Ω’.)
We won't keep the guests of honour for long.
Now the Vote of thanks to be proposed by the
Secretary of the students' society, Jayanth.
Over to Jayanth.
(´’† NP≠æ d ÅAü∑¿’©†’ áèπ◊\-´-ÊÆ°æ¤ Öçîª-apple-´-ôç-
‰ü¿’. Nü∆uJn Ææç°∂æ’ é¬®Ωu-ü¿Jz ïߪ’çû˝ É°æ¤púø’
´çü¿† Ææ´’-®Ωpù îË≤ƒhúø’.)
Jayanth:
I find great pleasure in proposing this vote of
thanks.
On behalf of our college community and on
my behalf I thank from the bottom of my
heart, our Chief Guest, Dr Vidhyadhik, Vice
Chancellor, National University who has
graced the occasion with his presence. We
are certainly aware how busy he is. Inspite of
it he has agreed to come down here, that certainly
is a great favour from him. I, also
assure you sir, on behalf of my student fraternity
here that we will certainly do our best to
put in practice your valuable message.
(Ñ ´çü¿† Ææ´’-®Ωpù îËߪ’ôç Ø√ÈéçûÓ ÆæçûÓ-≠æçí¬
ÖçC. ´’† ´·êu-Å-AC∑ Ééπ\-úÕéÀ NîËaÆœ, Ñ Ææçü¿-®√s¥-
E-ÈéçûÓ ´ØÁo ûÁ*a-†ç-ü¿’-èπ◊-í¬†÷, ´÷ éπ∞«-¨»-©-appleE
Åçü¿J ûª®Ω-°∂æ¤Ø√, Ø√ ûª®Ω-°∂æ¤Ø√ £æ«%ü¿ßª÷çûª®√© †’ç*
üµ¿†u-¢√-ü∆©’ ûÁL-ߪ’-ñ‰-Ææ’h-Ø√o†’. Çߪ’† N©’-¢Áj† ÆæçüË-
¨»Eo ûª°æp-èπ◊çú≈ Å´’-©’-°æ-®Ω-îª-ö«-EéÀ ¢Ë’ç ¨»ßª’-¨¡-èπ◊h«
éπ%≠œ-îË-≤ƒh-´’E Ø√ ≤Úü¿®Ω Nü∆u-®Ω’n© ûª®Ω-°∂椆, Ø√ ûª®Ω-
°∂æ¤Ø√ £æ…O’ ÉÆæ’h-Ø√o†’.)
Our sincere thanks also go to our guest of
honour Smt Susobhita, Commissioner,
Collegiate education, for having done us the
honour of giving away the prizes. We certainly
appreciate, madam, your agreeing readily
to be here, in spite of your busy schedule.
(éπ∞«-¨»© Nü∆u commissioner, Smt Ææ’¨apple-Gµûª
•£æ›-´’A v°æü∆†ç îËߪ’ôç ´÷èπ◊ î√« íı®Ω-´-v°æ-ü¿-
¢Á’i† N≠æߪ’ç, Åçü¿’-éπE ¢√JéÀ ´÷ éπ%ûª-ïc-ûª©’. BJéπ-‰E
鬮Ωu-véπ-´÷-©’-†o-°æp-öÀéÃ, ¢Ë’´· Ç£æ…yEç*†
¢ÁçôØË Ééπ\-úÕéÀ O’®Ω’ ®√´-ö«Eo ¢Ë’ç £æ«J{-Ææ’hØ√oç.)
Our other invitees, distinguished citizens of
the city, and that includes the parents deserve
our thanks next. Their presence here has certainly
made the occasion grand and we sincerely
thank all of them.
(´÷ Ç£æfi-ûª’©’, †í∫-®Ωç-appleE NP≠æ d ´uèπ◊h©’ –
¢√Japple ´÷ Nü∆u-®Ω’n© ûªLx-ü¿ç-vúø’©’ èπÿú≈ ÖØ√o®Ω’.
¢√Rx-éπ\-úÕéÀ NîËaÆœ Ñ Ææçü¿-®√s¥-EéÀ íÌ°æpü¿Ø√Eo
ûÁî√a®Ω’. ¢√JéÀ ´÷ éπ%ûª-ïc-ûª©’.)
deserve = Å®Ω|ûª éπLT Öçúøôç
Our thanks also to our beloved principal and
the lecturers of the college. Their guidance
and co operation at every stage was very
valuable.
(ûª®√yûª ´÷ ÅGµ-´÷† principal èπ◊, lecturers
èπÿ éπ%ûª-ïc-ûª©’. ¢√J Ææ£æ«-鬮Ωç î√« Å´‚-©u-
¢Á’içC.)
The student volunteers have done a wonderful
job organising the whole show. Our thanks
to them too.
(Nü∆uJn volunteers Ñ ¢Ëúø’-éπ†’ E®Ωy-Jhç-îª-úøçapple
î√« íÌ°æp-ÊÆ¢Ë î˨»®Ω’. ¢√Jéà ´÷ éπ%ûª-ïc-ûª©’.)
We appreciate the services of the public
address system for the neat job that it has
turned out to be. So our thanks to Biggara
mike systems.
(Mike system î√« «í¬ °æE-îË-Æœ-†ç-ü¿’èπ◊ ´÷èπ◊
ÆæçûÓ≠æç. ¢√öÀE Å´’-Ja† Gí∫_®Ω mike systems èπ◊
´÷ üµ¿†u-¢√-ü∆©’.)
Finally our thanks to all the students of the
college for their part in making the function a
grand success.
(*´-Jí¬ Ñ Ææç•®Ωç Nï-ߪ’çapple §ƒ©’-°æç--èπ◊†o
Nü∆u-®Ω’n-©ç-ü¿-Jéà üµ¿†u-¢√-ü∆©’.)
☺ ☺ ☺ ☺
Compering appleE ¢Á’∞¡-èπ◊-´©’ ûÁ©’-Ææ’-èπ◊ç-ô’Ø√oç
´’†ç. Meeting appleE *´®Ω Å稡-¢Á’i† Vote of
thanks (´çü¿† Ææ´’-®Ωpù) á« Öçô’çüÓ îª÷¨»ç
éπü∆. Å®·ûË ´çü¿† Ææ´’-®Ωpù ÅØËC compere îËÊÆ
°æE-é¬ü¿’. ÆæçÆænèπ◊ Ææç•ç-Cµç-*† ´·ê’u-„-´-È®jØ√
îË≤ƒh®Ω’. éπ∞«-¨»© N≠æ-ߪ÷-E-éÌÊÆh Nü∆uJn Ææç°∂æ’ é¬®Ωu-ü¿Jz
(Secretary)í¬F, Ææçߪ·éπh 鬮Ωu-ü¿Jz (Joint
Secretary) í¬F îË≤ƒh®Ω’.
éÀçü¿öÀ lesson apple exercise èπ◊, Ñ lesson apple
É*a† Vote of thanks, model í¬ BÆæ’-éÓ-´îª’a. É¢Ë
°æü∆©’, É¢Ë ¢√é¬u-©ûÓ ûÁ©-§ƒ-©E ‰ü¿’. ´’† Ü£æ…-
¨¡-éÀhE Ö°æ-ßÁ÷-Tç*, áçûª variety îª÷°œç-*-í∫-L-TûË
Åçûª «í∫’ç-ô’çC. Vote of thanks Æ浺-appleE *´J
Å稡ç. Åçü¿®Ω÷ ¢ÁRx-§ÚßË’ mood apple Öçö«®Ω’.
Åçü¿’-éπE Vote of thanks †’ ÇÆæ-éÀh-éπ-®Ωçí¬ îËߪ’-úøç-
appleØË Öçô’çC ´’† v°æûËu-éπûª. Åçü¿’-éπE Ê°®Ω’,
Ê°®Ω’Ø√ thanks îÁ•’ûª÷, ¢√JE à °æE îËߪ’-ö«-EéÀ
´’†ç Ç£æ…y-Eç-î√¢Á÷, Ç °æE ¢√∞¡Ÿx «í¬ E®Ωy-£œ«ç-*-
†ç-ü¿’èπ◊ thanks ÅE îÁ°æpôç, Vote of thanks †’
effective í¬ îËÆæ’hçC.
Thanks ÅØË ´÷ô, ´÷öÀ-´÷-öÀéÀ Ö°æ-ßÁ÷-Tç*,
bore éÌôdèπ◊çú≈ thanks •ü¿’©’ ´’†ç ¢√úø-í∫-L-T†
Éûª®Ω expressions:
OöÀE í∫’®Ω’hç--éÌE, ¢ÁjNüµ¿uç éÓÆæç ¢√úøçúÕ.
1) I/ We thank Sri/ Smt ...
2) Our thanks are also due to ...
3) Our thanks go to ...
4) Our sincere appreciation of Sri/ Smt ... for
his/ her ...
(¢√®Ω’ ´’†èπ◊ îËÆœ† N≠æߪ’ç)
5) We are grateful to Sri/ Smt ...
(grateful = éπ%ûª-ïcûª éπLT Öçúøôç)
6) Our sincere gratitude to/ We express our
gratitute to Sri/ Smt ... (gratitude = éπ%ûª-ïcûª)
7) We are deeply obliged to Sri/ Smt ...
(obliged = grateful = éπ%ûª-ïcûª éπLT Öçúøôç)
8) We appreciate the services of ... (appreciate
= ÆæçûÓ≠æç ûÁ©-°æúøç)
9) Our deep debt of gratitude to Sri/ Smt ...
(debt of gratitude = éπ%ûª-ïcû√ ®Ω’ùç)
10) Words cannot express our gratitude to ...
(¢√J-°æôx ´÷èπ◊†o éπ%ûª-ïcûª ´÷ ´÷ô©’ ûÁ©-°æ-‰´¤)
É« Ææçü¿-®Ωs¥-¨¡ŸCl¥í¬ á†o-®·Ø√ îÁ°æp-´îª’a.
Lesson no 268 apple O’èπ◊ É*a† exercise O’
friend birthday party E compere îËߪ’-´’E. ÅC
O’®Ω’ practice îËÆœ Öçõ‰ O’ Ææ´÷-üµ∆-Ø√Eo §ÚLa
îª÷Ææ’-éÓçúÕ.
Compere:
Hi guys and gals/ every body,
good evening. Welcome to our
buddy Viswanath's birthday.
He is 22 years young today.
We are partying on the occa-
sion. Let's us all make merry.
(Birthday party ÅØËC ´·êuçí¬ ßª·´B
ߪ·´-èπ◊© N≠æ-ߪ’çapple î√« informal í¬ Öçô’ç-ü¿-
ØËC ûÁ©’Ææ’. Åçü¿’apple ü∆ü∆°æ¤ Ææ´’-´-ߪ’-Ææ’\-©’-í¬ØË
Öçúøôç ´©x î√« ’-´¤ûÓ î√« Ææ®Ω-ü∆í¬
Öçúø-´îª’a.)
Guys = ´’í∫-¢√∞¡Ÿx – informal.
Gals = Çúø-°œ-©x©’ – informal.
Friends, Ñ®ÓV ´’† friend Viswanath °æ¤öÀd-†-
®ÓV. Åûªúø’ Ñ¢Ë∞¡ 22 Ææç´-ûªq-®√© *†o ´ßª’Ææ’ –
´’†ç Ñ Ææçü¿®Ωs¥çí¬ Party E®Ωy-£œ«ç--èπ◊ç-ô’Ø√oç.
Ææ®Ω-ü∆í¬ í∫úø’-°æ¤ü∆ç.
Our sincere appreciation of ..
(´÷´‚©’í¬ á´J ´ßª’-Ææ-®·Ø√ îÁÊ°p-ô-°æ¤púø’ 20
years old Å« Åçö«ç. é¬F É«çöÀ Ææ®Ωü∆ Æ洒ߪ÷applex
22 years young Åçö«ç)
(merry - Ææ®Ω-ü∆í¬)
Now that all our pals are here let's begin.
Viswanath will now blow off the candles, and
let's all sing 'Happy birthday to you'. So the
candles are out now. Slice the cake
Viswanath.
(´’† N’vûª’-©ç-ü¿®Ωç ÖØ√oç éπü∆. v§ƒ®Ωç-Gµü∆lç. N¨¡y-
Ø√ü∑˛ éÌ¢Ìy-ûª’h-©†’ ÜüË-≤ƒhúø’. ´’†ç Happy birth
day to you §ƒúøü∆ç. éÌ´¤y-ûª’h-«-J-§Ú-ߪ÷-®·-°æ¤púø’.
N¨¡y-Ø√ü∑˛, cake †’ cut îÁß˝’.)
Let us have a slice of cake each, and have a
drink. To the health of our dear Viswanath. On
your behalf, pals, and on behalf of our elders
here, I wish our beloved Viswanath, a very
happy birthday and many returns of the
same. May he give us many many more par-
ties.
(´’†´‚ Açü∆ç cake ´·éπ\. Ç ûª®√yûª drink
BÆæ’èπ◊çü∆ç. Åçû√ N¨¡y-Ø√ü∑˛ Ç®Óí∫uç éÓÆæç.
(English apple Ææçv°æ-ü∆ߪ’ç– äéπJ Ç®Ó-í∫uç-éÓÆæç
´’†ç û√í∫’ü∆ç §ƒF-ߪ÷©’.) ´’† ÊÆo£œ«-ûª’-©ç-ü¿J
ûª®Ω-°∂椆, Ééπ\-úø’†o °ü¿l-¢√J ûª®Ω-°∂椆, N¨¡y-Ø√ü∑˛èπ◊
happy birthday, É«çöÀ ®ÓV ´’S} ´’S} ®√¢√-©E
éÓ®Ω’-èπ◊ç-ô’Ø√oç/ éÓ®Ωü∆ç. É«í¬ Party L¢√y-©E
éÓ®Ω’-èπ◊çü∆ç.)
Let's have some fun, friends. I'm sure
Gayathri will give us a song. Gayathri- come
on, you song.
(éÌçûª NØÓü¿ç §Òçü¿’ü∆ç. í¬ßª’vA §ƒúø’-ûª’ç-ü¿E
Ø√ †´’téπç. í¬ßª’vA F §ƒô NE-°œç.)
É« item ûª®√yûª item î√« informal í¬
announce îËÆæ÷h ¢Á∞Ô}a.
EXERCISE
Ñ birth day party ´·Tç-îª-ú≈Eo compere
îËߪ’úøç practice îËߪ’çúÕ. English apple Gí∫_-®Ωí¬
Ñ éÀçC Ææ÷îª-†©’ ¢√úøçúÕ.
1) Well, that's the end of
2) That brings to a close
3) That concludes
4) One more item and that is, etc.
í∫´’-Eéπ: Birthday party îËÆæ’-èπ◊-ØË-¢√®Ω’ dinner
èπÿú≈ ÉîËa-ôx-®·ûË, ´’üµ¿u-´’-üµ¿uapple compere,
Ç£æfi-ûª’-©èπ◊ dinner í∫’®Ω’h-îËÆœ, ûª°æpèπ◊çú≈
dinner BÆæ’-èπ◊E ¢Á∞«}-©E îÁ•’-ûª’ç-ú≈L.
ÉD practice îËߪ’çúÕ.
v°æ¨¡o: i) Question tags apple I am writing a letter
èπ◊ Ain't I ? ÅE îÁ§ƒpL. é¬E, Aren't I?
ÅE îÁ•’-û√-È®ç-ü¿’èπ◊? N´-Jç-îªçúÕ.
ii) ÉçTx≠ˇ vowels ´®Ω-Ææí¬ ´îËa °æü∆--‰-¢Áj-Ø√
Öçõ‰ ûÁ©-°æ-í∫-©®Ω’?
- N.S. Pavan kumar, Vavilapadu.
-ï-¢√-•’:
i) Aren't I? ÉüË correct question tag. English
usage v°æ鬮Ωç ÅC ÅçûË. Usage Åçõ‰- ¢√úø’éπ.
usage äéÌ\éπ\-°æ¤púø’ grammar èπ◊ ´uA-Í®-éπçí¬
ÖçúÌa. Grammar rule v°æ鬮Ωç, amn't I?
ÅØËC question tag é¬-¢√L. Å®·ûË usage apple
DE •ü¿’©’, aren't I? ÅE ¢√úø’-éπ-®·-§Ú-®·çC.
(ûÁ©’-í∫’apple 'áEo F∞¡Ÿx?/ áEo §ƒ©’?— Åçö«ç.
F∞¡Ÿx/ §ƒ©’, 1, 2, 3 ÅE „éπ\°ôdçéπü∆, áEo ņö«-EéÀ
correct í¬ Å®·ûË áçûª-§ƒ©’?/ áçûª-
F∞¡Ÿx? ÅØ√L. Å« ņç 'áçûª— ÅØËC grammar
'áEo?— (F∞¡Ÿx, §ƒ© N≠æ-ߪ’çapple) usage
(¢√úø’éπ) usage is more poweful than grammar.
ii) a, e, i, o and u - ÉN vowels.
ÉN ´®Ω’-Ææí¬ (ÅFo– âü¿’ -éπL°œ) ´îËa ´÷ô
‰ü¿’. Å®·ûË a, e, i, o, u Ç ´®Ω-Ææapple Éûª®Ω
letters ûÓ ´îËa ´÷ô©’, 1) abstemious,
2) facetious. 1) abstemious (Ÿ-Æ‘d-N’-ߪ’Æˇ)
= AçúÕ §ƒF-ߪ÷© N≠æ-ߪ’çapple î√-« controlled
í¬ Öçúøôç = °æJ-N’-ûª-¢Á’i† AçúÕ, §ƒF-ߪ÷©’
BÆæ’éÓ-´-úøç/ ´’ûª’h °æü∆-®√n© ñappleLéÀ ¢Á∞¡x-éπ-§Ú-´-úøç.
2) facetious = (°∂æÆ‘-≠æÆˇ) – Æ‘ ØÌéÀ\ °æ©’-èπ◊û√ç
= Åçü¿®Ω÷ serious í¬ Ö†o-°æ¤púø’, á´-®ΩØ√o
ûª´÷-≥ƒí¬ jokes ¢ËÆæ÷h Öçõ‰, ÅC Ææçü¿®Ωs¥ç
é¬éπ-§ÚûË, Å°æ¤púø’ ¢√∞¡Ÿx facetious.
v°æ¨¡o: i) I do not send my son to your college
I cannot send my son to your college
°j ¢√é¬uapplex àC ÆæÈ®jçC? à Ææçü¿-®Ωs¥çapple do;
can ¢√úø-û√®Ω’?
ii) 'Let the devil die of cold' DE Å®Ωn-¢Ë’-N’öÀ?
iii) Rules or marking stress Ææ’©-µºçí¬
í∫’Jhç-îª-ô-¢Á’«?
eg: Cousin, pollution, lady, official ´çöÀ
°æü∆applex stress marks áéπ\úø °ö«dL?
Ææ’©µº°æü¿l¥A ûÁ©-°æ-í∫-©®Ω’.
– ¢ÁØÁo© †®Ω-Æœç-£æ…®√´¤, ¢Á’ü¿é˙.
-ï-¢√-•’:
i) I do not send my son to your college =
O’ college éÀ ´÷ Å«s-®·E °æç°æ†’.
I cannot send my son to your college =
O’ college éÀ ´÷ Å«s-®·E °æç°æ-‰†’. (O’
college appleE áèπ◊\´ fees ´©x/- Ææ-È®j† îªü¿’-´¤-
‰-éπ-§Ú-´ôç ´©x etc.)
can = í∫© (≤ƒ´’®Ωnuç -ûÁ-LÊ° verb)
I can sing = ؈’ §ƒúø-í∫-©†’.
ii) Let the devil die of cold= Ç ü¿’®√t-®Ω’_úÕ-E
îªL-apple/- ï-©’•’ ´©x î√´F (¨»°æ-Ø√®Ωnç).
iii) Rules of Marking Stress- ÉC Stress èπ◊
Ææç-•ç-Cµç-*-† °æ¤Ææh-鬩 ü∆y®√, English News
Telecasts (NDTV, CNB, etc) N†ôç ü∆y®√ –
Å©-¢√ô’ O’ü¿ ´Ææ’hçC.
cousin- Éçü¿’apple cou (éπ) syllable O’ü¿
stress.
pollution - §Ò©÷u-≠æØ˛ – ©÷ O’ü¿ stress.
lady= „ß˝’úÕ– „ß˝’ ØÌéÀ\ °æ©’-èπ◊û√ç.
official- Å°∂‘-≠æ-¸ – '°∂‘— O’ü¿ stress.
- M. SURESAN

-¨¡-E-¢√®Ωç 10 °∂œ-v•-´-J 2007 Ñ-Ø√-úø’ £j«-ü¿®√-«-ü˛ 2
-Ççí∫x-µ«-≠æ-ù 271
Syamal: The meeting went off very well yesterday,
didn't it? The conference
room of the hotel was good too.
(E†o meeting î√-« «í¬ ïJ-TçC
éπü∆? Hotel appleE conference room –
Ææ´÷-¢Ë¨¡ ´’çC®Ωç – èπÿú≈ «í∫’çC)
Komal: Ofcourse it did, but for some
remarks the Chief guest had made.
(´·êu ÅAC∑ îËÆœ-† éÌEo ¢√uêu©’
ûª°œpç* «í¬ØË ïJ-TçC.)
Syamal: What were they? I don't exactly
remember.
(àçôO? Ø√èπ◊ correct í¬ í∫’®Ω’h‰ü¿’)
Komal: His talking of his son's achievements.
That was out of place certainly.
(ûª† éÌúø’èπ◊ °∂æ’†-ûª†’ îÁ°æ¤p-éÓ-´ôç. ÅC
ê*a¥-ûªçí¬ ÅÆæçü¿-®Ωs¥çí¬ ÖçC)
Syamal: I must have missed that part of the
speech, and thank God I did. Just at
that time I went into the reception
across the conference hall to see
the manager. What did he say?
(Çߪ’† Ö°æ-Ø√u-Ææçapple Ç µ«í∫ç -؈’
miss Åߪ·uç-ú≈L. •A-éÀ-§Úߪ÷ miss
Å®·. ÅüË time apple conference hall èπ◊
áü¿’-®Ω’í¬ Ö†o hotel office èπ◊ ¢Á-∞«}
manager †’ éπ©’-Ææ’-èπ◊-ØËç-ü¿’èπ◊. àç
îÁ§ƒpúø’?)
Komal: That his son holds the records for
swimming across the Krishna in the
shortest time so far.
(éπ%≥ƒg-†-CE ÅA ûªèπ◊\´ time apple Ñü¿ôçapple
ûª†- éÌ-úø’-èπ◊C record ÅE)
Syamal: Well, that is something to feel proud
of. (ÅC í∫Jyç-îª-ü¿í∫_ N≠æ-ߪ’-¢Ë’-éπü∆?)
Komal: And that this has come in all the
newspapers and TV Channels
across the country .
(ÅçûËé¬éπ Ñ N≠æߪ’ç ü˨¡ç ¢Á·ûªhç
news papers, TV channels apple
´*aç-ü¿E)
Syamal: Yes, I remember now. The distance
he swam measures a kilometre
across from bank to bank.
(Ç, É°æ¤púø’ í∫’®Ìh-*açC. äúø’f †’ç*
äúø’fèπ◊ Åûª†’ ÑC† ü¿÷®Ωç äéπ éÀapple-
O’-ô®Ω’)
Komal: That many be great, but I don't like people
talking out of turn. I hate to listen to
people talking high of themselves. I felt
like hitting him across the face.
(ÅC íÌÊ°p 鬴a. é¬F á´-È®jØ√
ÅÆæç-ü¿-®Ωs¥çí¬ ´÷ö«x-úÕûË N†ôç Ø√éπ-Ææ-
L≠æ dç ‰ü¿’. Eïçí¬ ¢Á·£æ«ç-O’ü¿ éÌö«d-©-
E°œç-*ç-C- Ø√èπ◊)
Syamal: I noticed the smile that spread
across his face when someone
referred to his son at the end of the
meeting.
(Meeting *´-®Ω -á-´®Ó Çߪ’† éÌ-úø’èπ◊
í∫’-J-ç-* v°æ≤ƒh-NÊÆh Çߪ’† ¢Á·£æ«çO’ü¿
*®Ω’-†´¤y ¢Á©-í∫úøç ØËí∫-´’-Eçî√)
Komal: You seen to have reached home late
last night. Why?
(E†o †’´¤y ÉçöÀéÀ Ç©-Ææuçí¬ îËJ-†-ô’d-
Ø√o´¤. áçü¿’èπ◊?)
Syamal: I had gone halfway across when I
remembered that I had left my
sweater in the conference room. So
I went back to the hotel to fetch it.
(Ææí∫ç -ü¿÷®Ωç -¢Á-∞Ï}Ææ-JéÀ conference
room apple Ø√ sweeter ´’®Ω-*-§Ú-ߪ÷-†E
í∫’®Ìh-*açC. ´’Sx hotel ÈéRx ûÁa-èπ◊Ø√o)
Komal: Did you clear the hotel bill?
(Hotel bill ÉîËa-¨»¢√?)
clear = îÁLxç-îªôç – ´·êuçí¬ Å°æ¤p©’,
bills «çöÀN.
Syamal: They wouldn't accept a cheque, so I
paid across the counter.
(¢√∞¡Ÿx cheque BÆæ’éÓ‰ü¿’, Åçü¿’-éπE
Åéπ\úË úø•’s îÁLxç-î˨»)
Look at the following sentences from the
dialogue above:
1) That was out of place certainly.
2) .... I went into the reception across the conference
hall.
3) That his son holds the records for swimming
across the Krishna in the shortest time.
4) And that this has come in all the news
papers and TV channels across the country.
5) I don't like people talking out of turn.
6) I felt like hitting him across the face.
7) The distance he swam measures a KM
across from bank to bank.
8) I noticed the smile that spread across his
face.
9) I had gone half way across.
10) I paid across the counter.
First of all, let's take the two expressions,
out of place, and out of turn.
Out of place = Out of turn = ÅÆæç-ü¿-®Ωs¥--¢Á’i†
a) Clapping hands and garlanding are out of
place at a condolence meeting = Ææçû√°æ
Æ浺apple æpô’x éÌôdúøç, °æ‹© ü¿çúø©’ ¢Ëߪ’ôç
(¢ËCéπ O’ü¿’†o ¢√∞¡xèπ◊) Ç Ææçü¿-®√s¥-EéÀ ûªT†N
鬴¤.
b) His jokes were out of place in such a serious
situation = (Åçûª í∫çHµ-®Ω-¢Á’i† °æJ-Æœn-Aapple
ÅûªE jokes î√« ÅÆæç-ü¿-®Ωs¥çí¬ ÖØ√o®·.
(Åéπ\úø jokes îËߪ’ôç ÆæJ-é¬ü¿’)
Out of turn = äéπ Å®Ωnç, ÅÆæç-ü¿-®Ωs¥çí¬ Éûª-®Ω’-©èπ◊
éÓ°æç ûÁ°œpç-îËô’x, Éûª-®Ω’-©†’ ØÌ°œpç-îËô’x v°æ´-
Jhç-îª-ôç/-´÷-ö«x-úøôç.
a) He was talking out of turn most of the time,
as though he were drunk = àüÓ, û√T-†-
¢√-úÕ«, î√-«-´’-ô’èπ◊ ÅÆæç-ü¿-®Ωs¥çí¬ ´÷ö«x-úø’-ûª÷ØË
ÖØ√oúø’.
b) I hope I am not talking out of turn, but what
you are doing isn't good = ØËØË´’Ø√o ÅAí¬/
ÅÆæç-ü¿-®Ωs¥çí¬ ´÷ö«x-úø’-ûª’-Ø√o-ØË¢Á÷ Ø√èπ◊ ûÁ-Lߪ’ü¿’,
é¬E O’®Ω’ îËÆæ’h-†oC ´’ç*Cé¬ü¿’.
Out of turn Åçõ‰ ÉçéÓ Å®Ωnç, ´®Ω’Æævéπ´’ç
ÅA-véπ-N’ç*
a) The minister got the house site alloted out
of turn = Ç ´’çvA ´®Ω’Ææ véπ´’çapple é¬èπ◊çú≈,
Åvéπ-´’çí¬ Éç-öÀ Ææn©ç É°œpç--èπ◊-Ø√oúø’.
b) The out of turn allotment was questioned
in the house = Åvéπ´’ Íéö«-®·ç°æ¤ N≠æߪ’ç ¨»Ææ-
†-Ææ-µºapple v°æPoç-î√®Ω’.
É°æ¤púø’ ´’†ç ûÁ©’-Ææ’-éÓ-apple-ûª’-†oC,
spoken English apple across
¢√úø’éπ í∫’-Jç-*: Natural, simple
spoken English apple, across
Ö°æ-ßÁ÷í∫ç é¬Ææh áèπ◊\¢Ë. Real life
situations apple éÌEo ´÷ô-©ûÓ
across ïûª-°æ-JÊÆh expressions
î√-« Ææ£æ«-ïçí¬ ÖçúÕ Ææ絫-≠æù« ≤ƒ®Ω-∞«uEo (conversational
ease) †’ ûÁ--©’°æ¤--ûª’ç-C.
1) across - ´’†ç-ü¿-Jéà ûÁ©’Ææ’ D†®Ωnç– Åúøfçí¬
ÅE. Å®·ûË English apple DEo äéπ v°æü˨¡ç äéπ-
-¢Áj°æ¤ †’ç* áü¿’-®Ω’í¬ Ö-†o ÉçéÓ--¢Áj°æ¤, ÅØË
µ«´çûÓ áèπ◊\-´í¬ ¢√-úø-û√®Ω’.
a) Swimming across the Krishna is not an
easy job = éπ%≥ƒg-†C Ñü¿ôç (äéπ äúø’f †’ç*
ÉçéÓ äúø’f-èπ◊/- äéπ-¢Áj°æ¤ †’ç* ÉçéÓ-¢Áj°æ¤- Ñü¿ôç
Ææ’©-µº-¢Á’i† °æE-é¬ü¿’)
b) The distance he swam measures a
Kilometre across = ¢√úø’ Ñ-C-† ü¿÷®Ωç ã éÀO’
Öçô’çC. (†CéÀ Åúøfçí¬ – äúø’f †’ç* äúø’fèπ◊)
I don't like people talking out of turn
c) The room measures 20 feet across = Ç
í∫C äéπ--¢Áj°æ¤ †’ç* ÉçéÓ--¢Áj°æ¤ 20 Åúø’í∫’©’.
d) Halfway across the river he couldn't
swim any more. He had to be helped
across to the shore = †C Ææí∫çü∆é¬ ´îËa-Ææ-
JéÀ Åûª†’ Ñü¿-‰-éπ-§Ú-ߪ÷úø’. Åûª-EéÀ N’í∫û√
Ææí∫ç †C ü∆ô-ú≈-EéÀ ≤ƒßª’ç îËߪ÷Lq´*açC.
2) Across = äéπ v°æü˨¡ç ¢Á·ûªhç
a) students across the country went on
strike = ü˨¡ç ¢Á·ûªhçappleE Nü∆u-®Ω’n-©ç-ü¿®Ω÷
Ææ¢Á’t î˨»®Ω’.
b) People across the country were
shocked at the Nithari killings = E®∏√J
£æ«ûªu© °æôx ü˨¡ç ¢Á·ûªhç v°æï-©ç-ü¿®Ω÷
Cví¬s¥çA îÁçü∆®Ω’.
c) (from the conversation): This has come
in all the newspapers and TV channels
across the country = Ñ N≠æߪ’ç ü˨¡ç
¢Á·ûªhçO’ü¿ ÅEo ¢√®√h°ævA-éπ-applex†÷, ÅEo TV
channels apple-†÷ ´î√a-ߪ’E.
3) Across the face = ¢Á·£æ«çO’ü¿ (On the
face, Ñ Å®Ωnçapple Åçõ‰ ¢Á·£æ«çO’ü¿ ÅØË Å®Ωl¥çûÓ,
¢√úøéπç î√« ûªèπ◊\-´. across the face ÅØËüË -
á-èπ◊\´ ¢√úø’éπ.)
I felt like hitting him across the face =
ÅûªE ¢Á·£æ«çO’ü¿ éÌö«d-©-E-°œç-*çC Ø√èπ◊.
felt like = (àüÁjØ√ îËߪ÷-©E) ÅE°œç-îªôç.
I noticed the smile spreading across his
face =
ÅûªE ¢Á·£æ«ç O’ü¿ ¢Á©’-í∫’-ûª’†o *®Ω’-†´¤y
îª÷¨»†’.
The shirt is a bit tight across the chest =
îµ√B ü¿í∫_®Ω é¬Ææh Gí∫’-ûª’í¬ ÖçC Ç shirt.
4) Half way across = Ææí∫çü¿÷®Ωç (´îËa--ô°æp-öÀ-éÀ/-
´*açûª®√yûª)
a) Half way across he remembered he
hadn't brought any money = Ææí∫ç ü¿÷®Ωç
´îËa--ô°æp-öÀéÀ Åûª-EéÀ í∫’®Ìh-*açC úø‰sç ûˉ-ü¿E)
b) He felt ill, and he left the theatre half way
across the movie = äçöapplex «í¬ ‰ü¿-E°œç*
ÆœE´÷ ´’üµ¿u-appleØË ¢ÁRx-§Ú-ߪ÷úø’.
5. Across the counter = (´·êuçí¬ úø•’s)
counter ü¿í∫_®Ω îÁLxç-îªúøç
a) Crossed cheques can't be cashed across
the counter= Crossed cheques èπ◊ counter
apple úøGs-´y®Ω’ (ü∆Eo bank apple ï´’ îËߪ÷-©E)
b) A day may come when you may buy a
synthetic heart across a medical shop
counter = ´’çü¿’© shop counter ü¿í∫_®Ω
úø•’s©’ îÁLxç* éπ%vA´’ í∫’çúÁ©’ éÌØË ®ÓV
èπÿú≈ ®√´îª’a.
v°æ¨¡o:
i) lose, loose Ñ °æü∆-©†’ á« Ö-îªa-Jç-î√L?
OöÀ Å®√n©’ verb conjugation N´-Jç-îª-í∫-©®Ω’.
ii) 1) The IInd world war ended in 1945
(was ended)
2) The IInd world war was ended in
1945. Ñ È®çúÕç-öÀapple à ¢√éπuç éπÈ®é˙d?
iii) Interview apple ûÁL-ߪ’E v°æ¨¡o-©èπ◊ à Nüµ¿çí¬
ûÁL-ߪ’ü¿’ ÅE îÁ§ƒpL. Å«Íí Interviewers
†’ ´·çü¿’í¬ à Nüµ¿çí¬ Ææçapple-Cµç-î√L?
- --T. -- Srinivas, Penumantra
-ï-¢√-•’:
i) Lose - §ÚíÌ-ô’d-éÓ-´ôç. (Verb)
Lose (Present) - Lost (Past) - Lost (Past
Participle)
He lost his bag (Bag §ÚíÌ-ô’d-èπ◊-Ø√oúø’)
Don't lose your money =
F úø•’s §ÚíÌ-ô’d-éÓèπ◊.
Loose: ´ü¿’-©’í¬ Ö†o – (Loose - adj)
She wore a loose skirt -
-Ç-¢Á’ ´ü¿’-„j† ©çí¬ ¢ËÆæ’èπ◊çC.
Loose, adjective 鬕öÀd conjugation ‰ü¿’.
ii) The IInd World War ended in 1945 correct.
II - Ñ ÅçÈ醒 ¢√úÕ-†-°æ¤púø’, IInd ÅE
®√ߪ’ç– II Åçõ‰ second ÅØË. ÅçÈéapple ûÁ-
§ƒ-©çõ‰ 2 nd ÅE ®√ߪ’-´îª’a. Å®·ûË the
second World War ņo-°æp-öÀéÃ, ®√ÊÆ--ô°æ¤púø’
World War II ÅE ®√ߪ’ôç correct. é¬F
îªC-¢Ë--ô°æ¤púø’ The second World War ÅE
îªü¿-¢√L.
iii) Interview apple àüÁjØ√ v°æ¨¡oèπ◊ Ææ´÷-üµ∆†ç
-ûÁ-L-ߪ’éπ-§ÚûË, I am sorry/ I'm afraid I don't
know the answer ÅE îÁÊ°pÊÆh ´’ç*C.
Interview skills í∫’Jç* ûªy®Ω-apple N´-J≤ƒhç.
v°æ¨¡o:
Till, until èπ◊ ûËú≈ àN’öÀ? Since, for á°æ¤púø’
¢√ú≈apple ûÁ©-°æçúÕ.
-- --- P. Sambasiva Rao, Visakhapatnam
-ï-¢√-•’:
i) till éÀ until éà àO’ ûËú≈‰ü¿’. È®çúÕç-öÀ-E äéπ-ü∆E
•ü¿’©’ äéπöÀ ¢√úø-´îª’a.
ii) since Åçõ‰ °∂æ-«-Ø√ time †’ç*, °∂æ-«-Ø√
®ÓV/ ØÁ©/ Ææç´-ûªq®Ωç †’ç* ÅE.
For Åçõ‰ Éçûª-é¬-©çí¬, ÉEo ®ÓV©’/
ØÁ©©’/ Ææç´-ûªq-®√-©’í¬ ÅE Å®Ωnç. îª÷úøçúÕ:
a) India has been independent since
1947 (1947 †’ç* µ«®Ωû˝ Ææyûªç-vûªçí¬
ÖçC) = India has been independent
for the past/ the last 59 years. (59
à∞¡Ÿxí¬ µ«®Ωû˝ Ææyûªç-vûªçí¬ ÖçC)
b) Tendulkar has played/ has been playing
cricket since 1989/ for the past/
last 17 years.
since á°æ¤púø÷ point of time -ûÓ (†’ç* ÅØË
Å®ΩnçûÓ), for á°æ¤púø÷ period of time (ÉEo
®ÓV©÷/ ØÁ©-©’í¬ ÅØË Å®Ωnç-ûÓ ¢√úøû√ç.)
- M. SURESAN

-≤Ú-´’-¢√®Ωç 12 °∂œ-v•-´-J 2007 Ñ-Ø√-úø’ £j«-ü¿®√-«-ü˛ 2
Vilakshana:
Hi Nirikshana, this is our last day at col-
lege. No knowing when we can meet
again. Parting is painful, isn't it? (College apple
ÉC ´’†èπ◊ *´-J-®ÓV. ´’†ç ´’Sx á°æ¤púø’ éπ©’-Ææ’éÓ-í∫-©¢Á÷
ûÁL-ߪ’ü¿’. NúÕ-§Ú-´úøç «üµ∆-éπ-®Ω¢Ë’ éπü∆?)
Nirikshana:
Why? We can still be meeting, can't we?
What stops us? (áçü¿’èπÿ? ´’†ç Éçé¬ éπ©’-
Ææ’-èπ◊ç-ô÷ØË ÖçúÌa éπü∆? àN’-ôúøfç?)
Vilakshana:
I mean we can't, this way, as students.
(؈-†ôç, É« students í¬ ´’Sx éπ©’-Ææ’-éÓ-‰-´’E.)
Nirikshana:
There you are right of course. Our student
days will remain only as sweet memories.
(Ç Nüµ¿çí¬ †’´¤y correct. ´’† Nü∆uJn ®ÓV©’
B°œ-í∫’-®Ω’h-©’-í¬ØË ÖçúÕ-§Ú-û√®·.)
Vilakshana:
But what a great college we've been in (I)
doubt very much if we can come across
such an institution. The instruction, the system,
the environment- why? Everything
about it is good. (é¬F áçûª íÌ°æp college apple
ÖØ√o¢Á÷ éπü∆ ´’†ç. Ééπ\úÕ appleüµ¿†, °æü¿l¥A, ¢√û√-
´-®Ωùç – äéπ-õ‰-N’öÀ? Ñ college apple àüÁjØ√
î√« «í∫’çC.)
Nirikshana:
Especially the lecturers and professors -
how good they are at putting across to students
even complex ideas, without an
exception every teacher here reaches out
to the students with ease. (´·êuçí¬ Ééπ\úÕ
lecturers, professors – ÆæçéÀx-≠æ d-¢Á’i† Å稻-©†’
èπÿú≈, î√« Ææ’©-µºçí¬ Nü∆u-®Ω’n-©èπ◊ N´-Jç-îª-í∫-
©®Ω’; Åçü¿®Ω’ Åüµ∆u-°æ-èπ◊©’ èπÿú≈, á´®Ω÷ ûª°æp-
èπ◊çú≈.)
complex = ÆæçéÀx-≠æ
-Ççí∫x-µ«-≠æ-ù 272
d-¢Á’i†, with ease = éπ≠æ d-°æúÕ
v°æߪ’ûªoç îËÆœ-†ô’x éπ†-°æ-úø-èπ◊çú≈, without an
exception = á´®Ω÷ ûª°æp-èπ◊çú≈. reach out
= µ«¢√applex Éûª-®Ω’-©†’ îË®Ω’-éÓ-´ôç.
Vilakshana:
I can't agree with you more. (†’´y†oü¿çû√
ØËØÌ°æ¤p-éÌç-ô’Ø√o.)
Ñ expression, I can't agree with you
more = FûÓ °æ‹Jhí¬ àéÃ-µº-N-Ææ’hØ√o–
English conversation apple ûª®Ωîª÷ NE-°œ-
Ææ’hçC. O’®Ω÷ practice îËߪ’çúÕ.
Nirikshana:
Certainly. Their teaching cuts across students
of varying abilities. (Eï¢Ë’. ¢√∞¡x appleüµ¿†
Nü∆u-®Ω’n© ≤ƒ´’®Ωnu ≤ƒn®·ûÓ Ææç•çüµ¿ç ‰èπ◊çú≈
ÅEo ®Ω鬩 Nü∆u-®Ω’n©èπÿ Å®Ωn-´’-´¤-ûª’çC.)
Vilakshana:
That's true. Ours is a college in demand.
(Eï¢Ë’. ´’† college ´’ç* T®√éÀ Ö†o college.)
Nirikshana:
A piece of bad news. It doesn't affect us,
though. The college has raised the fees
across the board for all students of all
courses; to come into effect from the next
academic year. (ã îÁúø’ ¢√®Ωh, ´’†Íéç «üµ¿
‰ü¿-†’éÓ. Åçü¿J students èπÿ fees °çîË-ÆœçC.
´îËa Nü∆u Ææç´-ûªq®Ωç †’ç* Å´’-applexéÀ ´Ææ’hçC.)
affect = v°æµ«´ç îª÷°æôç; to come into
effect = Å´’-applexéÀ ®√´ôç.
The anti dowry law came into effect more
than ten years ago = ´®Ω-éπôo ´uA-Í®éπ îªôdç
°æüË∞¡x éπçõ‰ ´·çüË Å´’-applexéÀ ´*açC.
Academic = Nü¿uèπ◊ Ææç•ç-Cµç-*†/ Nü∆u-¢Ëûªh.
What books and subjects a student
should study is an academic matter =
Nü∆uJn à °æ¤Ææh-鬩’, à N≠æ-ߪ÷©’ ŵºu-Æœç-î√-©-
ØËC Nü∆u N≠æߪ’ç.
Not all the members of a university sen-
ate are good academics = university senate
Æ浺’u-©ç-ü¿®Ω÷ ´’ç* Nü∆u-¢Ë-ûªh-©’-鬮Ω’.
Vilakshana:
Yea. I've heard of it. They are going to collect
this extra fee for the personality development
course they are going to offer. I feel that's a
good step and so the fee rise is justified.
(Å´¤†’. ؈’ NØ√o-†C. v°æA class èπÿ Åü¿-†çí¬
appleCµç-îª-apple-ûª’†o personality development
(´uéÀhûªy Né¬Ææç) course èπ◊ í¬†÷ ÉC Åü¿-†çí¬
´Ææ÷©’ îËÆæ’h-Ø√o®Ω’. Æ敉.
justify = Ææ´’-Jnç-îªôç.
justified = Ææ´’-®Ωn-F-ߪ’-¢Á’i†; Ææ•-„j†-.
Nirikshana:
The course is good for career making people
like us. At interviews and group discussions,
to get across our ideas to the others,
we need that kind of training. (ÖüÓu-í¬©÷
´%ûª’happlex v°æ¢Ë-Pç-îª-apple-ßË’-¢√-JéÀ ÉC î√« Ö°æßÁ÷í∫ç.
Interviews apple, Group discussions apple
´’† Çapple-îª-†©÷ ÅGµ-v§ƒ-ߪ÷©÷ Éûª-®Ω’-©èπ◊
Ææp≠æ dçí¬ ûÁL-ߪ’-ñ‰-ߪ’-ú≈-EéÀ Ñ Péπ~ù ´’†-éπ-´-Ææ®Ωç.)
Vilakshana:
OK, Niri. Time that I left. See you again.
Keep calling. (OK EK. ØËE-°æp-öÀÍé ¢ÁRx-§Úߪ·ç-ú≈-LqçC.
´’Sx éπ©’ü∆lç. Phone îËÆæ÷hçúø’.)
Nirikshana: OK, bye.
☺ ☺ ☺ ☺
English conversation apple across ûÓ ´îËa expressions
î√« ûª®Ω-îª’í¬ ¢√úø-û√-®ΩF, Ç expressions
´©x ´’† conversation î√« simple í¬ Ææ£æ«-ïçí¬
Öçô’ç-ü¿E éÀçü¿öÀ lesson apple îª÷¨»ç-í∫ü∆. ´’J-éÌEo
across ûÓöÀ expressions É°æ¤úø’ ûÁ©’-Ææ’-éÓ-
apple-ûª’Ø√oç.
Look at the following sentences from the
conversation between Vilakshana and
Nirikshana.
1) I doubt very much if we can come across
such an institution
2) ... how good they are at putting across to
students even complex ideas
3) Their teaching cuts across students of
varying abilities.
4) ... to get across our ideas to others, we
need that kind of training.
1) Come across = îª÷úøôç/ (àüÁjØ√) ņ’µº´ç
éπ©-í∫úøç/ û√®Ω-Ææ-°æ-úøôç. come across ÅØËC
English apple î√« common.
a) It is very difficult to come across a person
like Mahatma Gandhi = ´’£æ«-û√t-í¬ç-Dµ-«çöÀ
´uéÀhE îª÷úøôç î√« éπ≠æ dç.
b) You don't come across elephants in cold
countries = Qûª© ü˨»applex à†’-í∫’©’ éπE-°œç-¤.
c) Rarely do we come across shops offering
replacement of goods with no questions
asked = ´’†ç é̆o ´Ææ’h-´¤-©†’ àç v°æ¨¡o-
©-úø-èπ◊\çú≈ •ü¿’©’ ÉîËa shops †’ î√«
Å®Ω’-ü¿’í¬ îª÷≤ƒhç.
Replace = äéπ ´Ææ’h´¤†’ BÆæ’èπ◊E
ü∆E-•-ü¿’©’ ÅüË ®Ωéπç
´Ææ’h´¤ ÉçéÓ-öÀ-´yúøç.
2) How good they are at
putting across even complex
ideas to students
put across = N´-Jç-îªôç/
N¨¡-D-éπ-Jç-îªôç/ explain
a) He put across his ideas to me in a convincing
manner = Ø√èπ◊ †îËa-N-üµ¿çí¬ ÅûªE
Çapple-îª-†-©†’ Ø√èπ◊ N´-Jç-î√úø’. (ÅûªE N´-®Ω-ù-
´©x ÅûªE Çapple-îª-†©’ Ø√èπ◊ †î√a®·.)
b) I put across to my father my idea of buying
a car = car éÌØ√-©ØË Ø√ Çapple-îª-††’ ´÷ Ø√†oèπ◊
N´-Jç-î√†’.
c) It is the cost of the project that may discourage
him. Anyway put it across to him and
see. = Ç project èπ◊ ÅßË’u ´uߪ’ç ÅûªEo ¢Á†èπ◊\
«í∫-´îª’a. Å®·Ø√ Åûª-EéÀ N´-Jç* îª÷úø’.
... to get across our ideas to others ...
3) Their teaching cuts across students of
varying abilities = NNüµ¿ ≤ƒ´’®Ωnu ≤ƒnߪ·-©’†o
Nü∆u-®Ω’n©èπ◊ Å®Ωn´’ßË’u appleüµ¿† ¢√JC.
cut across = NGµ†o ´®√_-©apple ¢√u°œç* Ö†o
a) Protest and shock against the Nithari
killings cut across party lines = Eü∑∆J £æ«ûªu-
©-°æôx E®Ω-Ææ†, Cví∫s¥´’, ÅEo party ©èπ◊ (Ç
party, Ñ party ÅE ‰èπ◊çú≈) ¢√u°œç-*çC.
b) Cutting across caste distinctions every one
protested against the mass killing of tribals
in the area = Ç ´®Ω_ç, Ñ ´®Ω_ç ÅE ‰èπ◊çú≈
(èπ◊© Nîª-éπ~ù ‰èπ◊çú≈) v°æA-¢√∞¡Ÿx Ç éÌçúø ñ«A
v°æï© Üîª-éÓ-ûª†’ êçúÕç-î√®Ω’.
mass killing = Üîª-éÓûª. tribals = éÌçúø-ñ«A
v°æï©’.
c) Cutting across all kinds of groups, people
rose as one person to fight the enemy = à
Nµ‰-ü∆-©ûÓ °æE-‰-èπ◊çú≈ v°æï-©ç-ü¿®Ω÷ äéπ\-Jí¬
¨¡vûª’-´¤ûÓ §Ú®√-ú≈®Ω’.
4) ... to get across our ideas to others we
need that kind of training = ´’† ÅGµ-v§ƒßª÷©’
Éûª-®Ω’-©èπ◊ Ææp≠æ dçí¬ ûÁL-Ê°ç-ü¿’èπ◊ ´’†èπ◊ Ç
Péπ~ù Å´-Ææ®Ωç.
get across = î√« ¨¡éÀh-´’ç-ûªçí¬ µ«¢√-©†’
äéπ-JéÀ ´uéπh-°æ-®Ω-îªôç.
a) To succeed in an interview you should get
across your points to the interviewer =
Interview apple Nï-ߪ÷-EéÀ ´’† µ«¢√-©†’ / Å稻-
©†’ interviewer èπ◊ Ææp≠æ dçí¬ N´-Jç-îª-í∫-LT
Öçú≈L.
b) Get the idea across to him that he is no
longer wanted here = Åûª-E-éπ\úø Öçúø-†-´-Ææ-®Ωç-
‰-ü¿E Å®Ωnç ÅßË’u« îÁ°æ¤p.
c) I am unable to get this simple point across
to him = Ñ *†o N≠æߪ’ç Åûª-E-éπ-®Ωn-´’-ßË’uô’x
îÁ°æp-‰-èπ◊-Ø√o†’.
put across, get across ü∆ü∆°æ¤ äéπõ‰. Å®·ûË,
get across, put across éπØ√o éÌçîÁç stronger.
«í¬ Å®Ωn-´’-ßË’ô’x îÁ°æpôç – get it across.
EXERCISE
Speak aloud sentences on the following
pattern.
Subject Verb Complement etc.
What he says is interesting.
(Å®·ûË Ééπ\úø subject äéπ ´÷ô é¬èπ◊çú≈, 'wh' ûÓ
ÖçúË clause.)
´’®Ó example:
How he does it will be known only to me.
v°æ¨¡o:
i) I saw him enter the room
I saw him entering the room ûËú≈ Öçü∆?
á) Åûªúø’ í∫Capple v°æ¢Ë-Pç-îªúøç ؈’ îª÷¨»†’.
G) í∫C-appleéÀ v°æ¢Ë-PÆæ÷h Åûª-úÕE ؈’ îª÷¨»†’.
ii) Seniority - antonym àN’öÀ?
– §Úûª’© XE-¢√Ææ’, -¢Ëí¬-ߪ’´’tÊ°ô.
-ï-¢√-•’:
i) I saw him enter the room Å®Ωnç, I saw him
entering the room ü∆ü∆°æ¤ äéπõ‰. ûË-ú≈ ‰ü¿’.
ii) Seniority éÀ antonym ‰ü¿’. seniority
ÅØËC age éÃ, experience éà Ææç•ç-Cµç*çC
鬕öÀd younger in age & experience ÅE
ņ-´îª’a. äÍé ´÷ôí¬ antonym ‰ü¿’.
v°æ¨¡o:
àüÁjØ√ O’öÀç-í˚apple à Nüµ¿çí¬ ´÷ö«x-ú≈L? à
Tense apple ´÷ö«x-ú≈L? ÅEo Tenses Ö°æ-ßÁ÷-
Tç-îª-´î√a? Öü∆: Republic day Ææçü¿-®Ωs¥çí¬
éπ∞«-¨»-©apple äéπ meeting à®√pô’î˨»®Ω’. Ñ
O’öÀç-í˚apple Åüµ¿u-èπ~◊©’, ´·êu ÅA--C∑E, Éûª®Ω
°ü¿l-©†’ -á« Ææçapple-Cµç-î√L? ¢√JE Öü¿-£æ«-JÆæ÷h
á« ´÷ö«x-ú≈L. N´Jçîªí∫-©®Ω’.
- T. Ramana Rao, Palakol.
-ï-¢√-•’:
Meeting apple -à tense apple ´÷ö«x-ú≈L ÅØËC
´’†ç ´÷ö«xúË N≠æ-ߪ÷Eo•öÀd-í∫ü∆ Öçô’çC.
Republic Day Ææçü¿-®Ωs¥çí¬ ´÷ö«x-úø’ûª÷,
Republic Day v§ƒ-¨¡-≤ƒhuEo
í∫’Jç* ´÷ö«x-úË-ô-°æ¤púø’,
Republic Day °æ¤ô’d-°æ‹-®Óy-ûªh-®√-©-
®·ûË, past tense apple îÁ§ƒhç, ÅN
í∫ûªç 鬕öÀd. Republic Day
Öûªq´ç Ç®Ó-V -E®Ωy£œ«ç-éÓ-´-úøç
ÇØ√öÀ programme ´Èíj-®√-©çû√,
¨¡Ÿµ«-é¬ç-éπ~-©ûÓ Ææ£æ…, present
tense. ´·†’tçü¿’ ´îËa Republic Day ©
Çé¬ç-éπ~©÷, éÓJ-éπ©÷, Å®·ûË future tense.
O’®Ω-úÕ-T† N’í∫û√ v°æ¨¡o-©èπ◊ Ææ´÷-üµ∆†ç Lesson
Nos 265 to 270 îª÷úøçúÕ.
v°æ¨¡o:
i) India need to bowling in the evening. Ñ
¢√é¬uEo à Nüµ¿çí¬ question îËߪ÷L. need
ÅØËC Helping verb éπü∆. DEûÓ question
á« îËߪ’´îª’a?
ii) I do work. Ñ Sentence †’ à N-üµ¿çí¬
question îËߪ÷L?
– §ƒ©-éÌçúø Ææ’üµ∆-éπ®˝, ê´’tç
-ï-¢√-•’:
i) India need to bowling in the evening- Ñ
sentence ÆæJ-é¬ü¿’. India need(s) to bowl in
the evening Åçõ‰ correct. India team †’ äéπöÀí¬
°æJ-í∫-ùÀÊÆh, India needs to bowl Åçö«ç;
India ïô’d-appleE véÃú≈-é¬-®Ω’-©†’ °æJ-í∫-ùÀÊÆh India
need to bowl Åçö«ç. Ñ È®çúø’ sentences
apple†÷ need (s) main verb. Å®·ûË DØËo Need
India bowl in the evening? ÅE question
®Ω÷°æçapple ®√ÊÆh need, helping verb Å´¤-ûª’çC.
ÉçéÓ example. Need you go there now?
(É°æ¤úø’ †’´¤y ¢Á∞«x-Lq† Å´-Ææ®Ωç Öçü∆?)
ii) 'Do you work here?'
Yes, I do work here. Ééπ\úø work verb.
Sentence appleE verb èπ◊ object é¬ü¿’. Ééπ\úø 'I
do work here' èπ◊ Å®Ωnç– ØËE-éπ\úø °æEîË≤ƒh†’,
îË≤ƒh†’ ÅE ØÌéÀ\îÁ°æpôç.
I do work= ؈’ °æEîË≤ƒh†’ ņo-°æ¤úø’ work=
°æE ÅØË Å®Ωn-ç-ûÓ, do èπ◊ object Å´¤-ûª’çC. ÉC
Ñ éÀçC question èπ◊ answer: What do you
do? – DEéÀ Answer: I do work. (I do maths
«í∫).
- M. SURESAN

-•’-üµ¿-¢√-®Ωç 14 °∂œ-v•-´-J 2007 Ñ-Ø√-úø’ £j«-ü¿®√-«-ü˛ 2
-Ççí∫x-µ«-≠æ-ù 273
Abhilash: How's your dad?
(O’ Ø√†o á« ÖØ√o®Ω’?)
Animish: (He's = He is) near normal. (He
was) discharged from hospital the
day before (yesterday.)
(ü∆ü∆°æ¤ éÓ©’-èπ◊-†oõ‰d. ÇÆæpvA †’ç*
¢Á·†oØË Núø’-ü¿© î˨»®Ω’.)
(´÷´‚©’ ûÁ©’í∫’ – ¢Á·†oØË discharge
Åߪ÷u®Ω’. Conversational English apple
äéÓ\-≤ƒJ 'He's = he is' omit îË≤ƒh®Ω’.
Å«Íí the day before yesterday ÅE
°æ‹Jhí¬ ÅØË •ü¿’©’, the day before
Åçö«®Ω’.)
Abhilash: (It's) good to hear that.
(N†-ö«-EéÀ ÆæçûÓ-≠æçí¬ ÖçC)
Animish: He's been advised complete rest
for another week, though. He is
still very weak. May be because of
the after effects of the drugs he's
been taking.
(Å®·Ø√, ÉçéÓ-¢√®Ωç °æ‹Jhí¬ Nv¨»çA
BÆæ’-éÓ-´’E Ææ©£æ…. Éçé¬ «í¬ F®Ω-
Ææçí¬/ •©-£‘«-†çí¬ ÖØ√o®Ω’. Çߪ’†
BÆæ’-èπ◊ç-ô’†o ´’ç-ü¿’© ûª®√yA v°æµ«´ç
´©x-ØË¢Á÷.)
Abhilash: How about the after care services
of the hospital?
(Ç ÇÆæp-vAapple ¢Ájü¿uç ûª®√yA ÊÆ´©
Ææçí∫-ûËçöÀ?)
Animish: Excellent. They look after their
patients well. Rather rare these
days of corporate hospitals which
are mostly after money.
(î√« «í∫’çC. Patients úø•’s éÓÆæ¢Ë’
îª÷ÊÆ corporate hospitals Ö†o Ñ
®ÓVapplex é¬Ææh Å®Ω’üË.)
Corporate hospitals = ¢√ùÀ-ïu-°æ-®Ωçí¬
Íé´©ç «µ«© éÓÆæ¢Ë’ ¢Ájü∆u-†oç-CçîË
ÇÆæp-vûª’©’.
Abhilash: (Do) you mean their fees are low?
(Åçõ‰ ¢√∞¡x fees ûªèπ◊\-´ç-ö«¢√?)
Animish: Not low, but not high either. You
get your money's worth of treat-
ment there.
(ûªèπ◊\-¢Ëç-é¬-ü¿’, Å« ÅE áèπ◊\-¢√-é¬ü¿’.
´’†ç-°õ‰d ê®Ω’aèπ◊ ûªT† ¢Ájü¿uç
©Gµ-Ææ’hçC.)
worth = N©’´
Abhilash: Had I had my will, I would have
become a doctor. Medicine was
the course after my heart, but dad
wouldn't just let me do it.
(Ø√ É≠æ d-v°æ-é¬-®Ω¢Ë’ Åߪ·uçõ‰, ØËE-°æp-öÀéÓ
doctor ÅßË’u-¢√-úÕE. Medicine Ø√èπ◊
î√« É≠æ d-¢Á’i† course. é¬F ´÷Ø√†o
††’o Medicine îËߪ’-E-´y-‰ü¿’.)
Animish: Thank God he wouldn't. Many per-
sons are still alive.
(Çߪ’† E†’o medicine îËߪ’-E-´y-éπ-§Ú-
´ôç ´’ç*-ü¿-®·çC. î√«-´’çC Éçé¬
-•-AÍé ÖØ√o®Ω’.)
Abhilash: Oh, are they? If I had become a
doctor, many more would have
been alive.
(Å´¤-Ø√? ؈’ doctor †ßª·uçõ‰ Éçé¬
î√«-´’çC -•A-èπ◊ç-úË-¢√∞¡Ÿx)
Animish: You and your jokes.
(†’-´‹y, F jokes.)
☺ ☺ ☺ ☺
English conversation apple after ¢√úø’éπ– ÅüÌ-éπ\-õ‰-
-Å-®·Ø√, N’í∫û√ ´÷ô-©ûÓØÁjØ√, î√« common.
É°æ¤púø’ after, after combinations Ö°æ-ßÁ÷í∫ç
îª÷ü∆lç:
Look at the following expressions from
the dialogue above.
1) May be because of the after effects of the
drugs he has been taking.
2) How about the after care services of the
hospital?
3) They look after their patients well.
4) ... corporate hospitals which are after
money.
5) Medicine was the course after my heart.
1. After effects: ´’çü¿’©’ «çöÀN áèπ◊\-´í¬
¢√úøôç ´©x ´îËa °∂æL-û√©’/ à Ææç°∂æ’-ô† ûª®Ω’¢√ûÁjØ√
éπLÍí °∂æL-û√©’– ´·êuçí¬ É•sç-ü¿’©’.
a) Lack of appetite and nausea are the after
effects of antibiotics.
AØ√-©ØË éÓJéπ -‰éπ-§Ú-´-ôç (Å®Ω’*)/ ÇéπL -‰éπ-§Ú-
´-ôç, ¢√çûª’©’ ´îËa-ôx-E-°œç-îªôç, antibiotics
¢√úÕ† -ûª®√y-ûª ´îËa °∂æL-û√©’. Nausea
(Ø√Ɯߪ÷) = ¢√çûª’©’ ´îËa feeling (éπúø’°æ¤
A°æpôç) Nauseate = úÓèπ◊ °æ¤öÀdç-îªúøç.
Antibiotics = Bacteria (Ææ÷éπ~ t-@-´¤-©)†’ îªçÊ°
´’çü¿’©’. OöÀapple î√«¢√öÀ Ê°®Ω’ *´®Ω 'cin' ÅE
´Ææ’hçC. (After effects †’ side effects ÅE
èπÿú≈ Åçö«®Ω’.)
b) People are yet to recover from the after
effects of the year before the last's tsunami.
éÀçü¿öÀ àú≈C ´·çü¿õ‰ú≈C Ææ’Ø√O’
v°æµ«-¢√© †’ç* v°æï-Lçé¬ éÓ©’-éÓ-‰ü¿’.
(í∫´’-Eç-îªçúÕ: effects of tsunami = Ææ’Ø√O’
v°æûªuéπ~ v°æµ«´ç – ´’†’-≠æfl©’ îªE-§Ú-´ôç, É∞¡Ÿx,
îÁô’x «çöÀN éÌô’d-èπ◊-§Ú-´ôç, v§ƒù, ÇÆœh †≠æ dç.
After effects of tsunami = Ææ’Ø√O’ °æ®Óéπ~/
D®Ω`-é¬-Léπ v°æµ«-¢√©’ = Ææ®Ωyç éÓapplep-®·†¢√J
Hü¿-Jéπç, EÆæq-£æ…-ߪ’ûª, ¢√uüµ¿’©’ «çöÀN.)
c) Some Japanese are still suffering from the
after effects of radiation.
Radiation °æ®Óéπ~ v°æµ«-¢√-©ûÓ éÌçûª´’çC ï§ƒØ˛
¢√-R}çé¬ «üµ¿-°æ-úø’-ûª’-Ø√o®Ω’.
2. After care = ´÷´‚©’ ¢Ájü¿uç Å®·çûª®√yûª
®ÓT í∫’Jç* BÆæ’-èπ◊ØË ñ«ví∫-ûªh©’.
a) I am always regular about the after care
measures my doctor has suggested.
´÷ doctor Ææ÷*ç-*† ¢Ájü∆u-†çûª®Ω ñ«ví∫-ûªh©
N≠æߪ’çapple -ØË-ØÁ°æ¤p-úø÷ Æævéπ-´’çí¬-ØË Öçö«†’.
b) The after care services of the hospital are poor.
¢Ájü∆u-†ç-ûª®Ω ÊÆ´© N≠æ-ߪ’çapple Ç ÇÆæpvA -Åüµ∆y-†¢Ë’.
3. Look after = Take care = ñ«ví∫ûªh BÆæ’-éÓ-´úøç
(´·êuçí¬ äéπ ´uéÀh Ç®Óí∫uç N≠æ-ߪ’çapple).
a) My sister looked after me when I was ill.
Ø√èπ◊ ï•’sí¬ Ö†o°æ¤púø’ ´÷ sister ††’o
îª÷Ææ’-èπ◊çC/ Ææ°æ-®Ωu©’ îËÆœçC/ ÊÆ´©’ îËÆœçC.
b) Its parents having been washed away by the
floods, there is none to look after the child.
ûªLx-ü¿ç-vúø’©’ ´®Ω-ü¿apple éÌô’d-èπ◊-§Ú-´-ôçûÓ Ç Gúøf†’
îª÷ÊÆ-¢√-∞Îx-´®Ω÷ ‰®Ω’.
4. Most corporate hospitals
are after money.
After somebody/ something.
= äéπ-JE/ äéπ N≠æ-ߪ÷Eo
îË>-éÀ\ç--éÓ-´ôç.
a) He is after a good career.
´’ç* ´%Ah ¢√u°æéπç éÓÆæç
v°æߪ’-Ao-Ææ’h-Ø√oúø’/ îË>-éÀ\ç--éÓ-´-ö«-EéÀ v°æߪ’-Ao-
Ææ’h-Ø√oúø’.
b) Most young men and women are after
computer jobs.
î√«-´’çC ߪ·´B ߪ·´-èπ◊©’ computer jobs
¢Áçô- °æ-úø’-ûª’-Ø√o®Ω’.
Å®·ûË äéπ ´uéÀh N≠æߪ’ç îÁÊ°p-ô-°æ¤púø’ He is
after you Åçõ‰ – F éÓÆæ¢Ë’ îª÷Ææ’h-Ø√oúø’ FÍéüÓ
£æ…E ûª©-°õ‰d ÖüËl-¨¡çûÓ – ÅØË Å®Ωnç èπÿú≈ ÖçC.
c) The enemies were after him.
¨¡vûª’-´¤©’ ÅûªúÕ éÓÆæç ¢Áûª’-èπ◊-ûª’-Ø√o®Ω’.
After some one's heart
5. After some one's heart.
äéπ®Ω’ «í¬ É≠æ d-°æúË.
a) It's a song after my heart.
ÅC Ø√èπ◊ «í¬ É≠æ d-¢Á’i-†-§ƒô.
b) It's a place after her heart.
ÅC Ç¢Á’èπ◊ †*a† v°æü˨¡ç.
EXERCISE: VOCABULARY EXERCISE.
Match the words under A with their meanings
under B.
A
A. Teach
B. Check
C. Tug
D. Observe
E. Trek
B
1. walk
2. pull
3. watch
4. instruct
5. verify
6. signify
Answer: A - 4 B - 5 C - 2 D - 3 E - 1.
v°æ¨¡o:
i) burial, fire, ... require, retire, .. -OöÀ pronunciation
ûÁ©’-°æ-í∫-©®Ω’.
ii) Ææ´÷--üµ¿’© ü¿í∫_®Ω é¬°æ« ÖçúË-¢√-JE
à´’ç-ö«®Ω’? ü∆E pronunciation ûÁ©-°æçúÕ.
– «´ùu, éÌûªh-í∫÷úÁç
-ï-¢√-•’:
i) Ñ éÀçü¿ ÉÆæ’h†o pronunciation apple
a) cat, bag, rat, bank a ûÁLÊ°
¨¡«lEo Ç Åéπ~®Ωç éÀçü¿ UûªûÓ -
ûÁ-L-ߪ’-°æ-®Ω’-Ææ’hØ√oç. Öü∆: cat - é¬ö¸
– -é¬- éÀçü¿ Uûª cat apple é¬ ¨¡•lçí¬
Å®Ωnç îËÆæ’éÓ¢√L.
b) bird «çöÀ ´÷ôapplex 'ir' ¨¡•lç English èπ◊
v°æûËuéπç. Ñ ¨¡•lç Ææ÷*ç-îª-ö«-EéÀ > í∫’®Ω’h- ¢√-úø’ûª’Ø√oç.
Öü∆: Bird - •>ú˛ curd - éπ>ú˛.
c) ã ´÷ô-appleE à Åéπ~®Ωç O’ü¿®·Ø√ ' ' í∫’®Ω’h Öçõ‰
Ç Åéπ~®Ωç ûÁLÊ° ¨¡«lEo ØÌéÀ\ °æ©’-èπ◊û√ç.
burial - „J-ߪ’¸ fire - °∂æߪ’ general- ïv†¸
interrupt- Éçô-®Ω°ˇd.
(Åéπ~®Ωç éÀçü¿ ' ' í∫’®Ω’h Ç ¨¡«lEo ûªèπ◊\´ °æ-LÍé«
Ææ÷*-Ææ’hçC). marry - ´÷J mature - ¢Á’Å
measure - ¢Á’ï (ï, pleasure apple 'ï— «í∫)
murder- ´’>úø murmur- ´’>´’ owe - ã
require - Jéπyߪ’ retire - Jôߪ’ scatter -
≤ƒ\>ô sorry - ≤ƒJ survive - Ææ´-®·¢˛ tire -
ôߪ’.
ii) Ææ´÷-üµ¿’-© -é¬-°æJ =
burial ground/ grave yard/ cemetery
keeper.
v°æ¨¡o:
i) Mr.Natwar Singh said though India is
supporting ... there is no compromise. Ñ
¢√éπuçapple is •ü¿’©’ was ®√¢√L éπü∆.
ii) The UPA deputy secretary said Sonia
Gandhi will visit quake hit areas. Ñ
¢√éπuçapple sub-clause would visit ûÓ ¢Á·ü¿-
©-¢√yL éπü∆! N´-Jç--îªí∫-©®Ω’.
– Ç®˝.áÆˇ.´’Ê£«≠ˇ, éπ®Ω÷o¸
-ï-¢√-•’:
You have raised a very good doubt.
In both the sentences above, no dates/
days are mentioned. So, change, 'said' in
both the sentences into, 'has said', and the
sentences will be absolutely correct. The
tense of has said is present tense, and the
sub clause verbs being also in present
tense, there would be nothing wrong with
the sentences. But the sentences as read
by the news reader, and as quoted by you
are wrong.
Suppose the dates/ days of their saying
are mentioned. Then in the first sentence
'is supporting' is correct as
it is a present action likely
to continue into the future,
but, the second verb 'is no
compromise' should be
changed into, 'would be
no compromise', as the
idea is indicative of future
'is no compromise' is certainly
incorrect on the part of the news
reader.
In the case of (ii) Sonia Gandhi would visit
is correct. The news reader is wrong in
reading as 'will visit'.
You have raised a very good doubt and
clarifying it is my pleasure. Look at the following
sentence:
He told me yesterday that he is a bank
manager here. (E†o îÁ§ƒpúø’ Ø√ûÓ, Åûª-E-éπ\úø,
Branch Manager í¬ ÖØ√o-†E). The verb 'is'
in the sub clause, though the MC Verb told
is in the past tense is correct.
That's so because not only when
he told me yesterday, but also
now he is here and likely, in future too, he
will be here. Cases like this are exceptions
to the rule. Refer also to spoken English
lessons Nos. 135, 136, 137 and 138.
v°æ¨¡o:
i) ÉçTx≠ˇ ´÷ö«x--úø-ö«-EéÀ, ®√ߪ’-ú≈-EéÀ Ææ’´÷-®Ω’í¬
áEo °æü∆©’ ´ÊÆh ÆæJ-§Ú-ûª’çC?
ii) Being á«-¢√-ú≈apple îÁ°æpí∫-©®Ω’.
– Èé. ¢Áçéπ-õ‰-¨¡y®Ω’x, *†-´’-†-í∫’çúøç
-ï-¢√-•’:
i) Oxford/ Longman's dictionaries *´®Ω
'defining vocabulary' ÅE list Öçô’çC.
Åçü¿’apple °æü∆©’ ØË®Ω’a-èπ◊çõ‰ î√©’, ´÷´‚-©’í¬
´÷ö«x-úø-ö«-EéÀ.
ii) Being = Å« Öçúøôç ´©x, Åçü¿’-´©x ÅE.
Being tall, he can play well = §Òúø’í¬_
Öçúøôç ´©x/ -§Ò-úø’-í∫-´ôç ´©x Åûª†’ «í¬
Çúø-í∫-©úø’.
- M. SURESAN

-¨¡Ÿ-véπ-¢√®Ωç 16 °∂œ-v•-´-J 2007 Ñ-Ø√-úø’ £j«-ü¿®√-«-ü˛ 2
-Ççí∫x-µ«-≠æ-ù 274
Prasad: Hi Prakash, good to see you. I'm (I
am) driving to selall super stores for a bit of
shopping. How about coming along? Along
with the shopping we can have a bite and
some hot coffee to warm our bodies.
(E†’o îª÷úøôç î√« ÆæçûÓ-≠æçí¬ ÖçC.
Shopping îËü∆l-´’E selall super stores èπ◊ (Car
apple) ¢Á∞¡Ÿ-ûª’Ø√o. Ø√ûÓ ®√èπÿ-úøü¿÷? Shopping
ûÓ«ô’ é¬Ææh àüÁjØ√ AE, ´’† üË£æ…Lo ¢Áîªa-•-®Ω--éÌ-
ØËç-ü¿’èπ◊ é¬Ææh ¢ËúÕ coffee û√í∫’ü∆ç.
Drive = àüÁjØ√ motor ¢√£æ«†ç (Bus/ Car/
Two wheeler) apple ¢Á∞¡xôç. Ééπ\úø Car.
Prakash: Who's that next to you in the car?
Oh, Pramod, it's you? Well, I don't mind, but I
have some work at a place further down the
road. I have a bit of shopping to do too. After
that you return and I'll walk along.
(Car apple F °æéπ\† á´®Ω÷? v°æ¢Á÷ü˛, †’¢√y? Car
apple O’ûÓ ´≤ƒh†’, é¬F ÅüË road apple é¬Ææh´ûª© Ø√èπ◊
°æ†’çC. ؈÷ éÌçûª shopping îËߪ÷L. shopping
Å®·ç-ûª-®√yûª †’´¤y AJT ¢ÁRx§Ú, ؈’ †úÕ*
¢ÁRx-§Úû√.)
Prasad: (Do) you mean you will walk back all
the distance?
(´’Sx ¢Á·ûªhç ü¿÷®Ωç †úÕ* ´≤ƒh-†ç-ö«¢√?)
Prakash: Don't worry, from there my uncle will
take me along to the railway station where we
have to receive our cousin. After that he will
drop me home.
(àç °∂æ®√y-‰-ü¿’‰. Åéπ\-úÕ-†’ç* ´÷ uncle ††’o
ûª†ûÓ railway station èπ◊ BÆæ’-Èé-∞¡-û√úø’, ´÷
cousin †’ station apple receive îËÆæ’-èπ◊-ØËç-ü¿’èπ◊. Ç
ûª®√yûª ††’o Éçöapplex Cí∫-„-úø-û√úø’.)
Prasad: How is your uncle's building coming
along? It's massive structure. When is it likely
to be completed?
(O’ uncle éπúø’-ûª’†o building áçûª-´-®Ωèπ◊ ´*açC?
î√« µ«K éπôdúø¢Ë’ ÅC. á°æ¤púø’ °æ‹®Ωh-´¤-ûª’çC?)
Prakash: It's almost complete. He wants your
advice on the colour scheme because you
are an architect.
(ü∆ü∆°æ¤ °æ‹®Ωh-®·çC. ÉçöÀéÀ ¢Ë®·çîË ®Ωçí∫’© N≠æߪ’çapple
Çߪ’-†èπ◊ F Ææ©£æ… é¬¢√-Lô, †’´¤y architect
鬕öÀd.)
Architect Åçõ‰ ûÁ©’Ææ’ éπü∆ – Building
plan, Åçûª-éπçõ‰ ´·êuçí¬ Ç鬮Ωç ´çöÀ N≠æߪ÷©’
ûÁL-Æœ† ¢√Ææ’h-PLp.
Prasad: I'll be along whenever he wants me,
though I prefer a Sunday.
(Çߪ’-ØÁ-°æ¤púø’ ®Ω´’tçõ‰ ؈°æ¤púø’ ´≤ƒh. Å®·ûË ÇC-
¢√®Ωç Å®·ûË Ø√èπ◊ áèπ◊\´ ≤˘éπ-®Ωuçí¬ Öçô’çC.)
Prakash: He wants flowering plants inside,
along the walls enclosing the building.
(Building ô÷d Ö†o íÓúø© ¢Áç•úÕ apple°æ© °æ‹©-
¢Á·-éπ\-©†’ °çî√-©E Çߪ’† ņ’-éÌç-ô’-Ø√oúø’.)
Prasad: I'll help him select the plants too. OK.
Come along. Let's go.
(Ç Plants/ ¢Á·éπ\© áç°œ-éπapple èπÿú≈ ØËØ√-ߪ’-†èπ◊
≤ƒßª’ç-îË≤ƒh. ®√. ¢Á∞«lç.)
☺ ☺ ☺ ☺ ☺
Conversational English apple ûª®Ωîª’í¬ NE-°œçîË ´’®Ó
´÷ô along, Ç ´÷ôûÓ ´îËa combinations. ¢√öÀ
¢√úø’éπ î√« ûª®Ω--í¬ØË é¬èπ◊çú≈ î√« Ææ’©µºç èπÿú≈.
Along Å®√n©’, Ö°æ-ßÁ÷-í¬©’ É°æ¤púø’ ûÁ©’-Ææ’-èπ◊çü∆ç.
1) Along - (áèπ◊\´í¬ ¢√úË Å®Ωnç) – äéπ¢Áj°æ¤ †’ç*
ÉçéÓ¢Áj°æ¤ (îª÷úøôç/ †úø-´ôç «çöÀN)
a) He walked along the road = ÅûªØ√ ®Óú˛ ¢Áç•úË
(äéπ *´J †’ç* ÉçéÓ *´J ¢Áj°æ¤) †úÕ-î√úø’.
b) I looked along the buildings for the one I
wanted = Ç ¢Ë’úøLo äéπ¢Áj°æ¤ †’ç* ÉçéÓ-¢Áj°æ¤
îª÷¨»†’ Ø√é¬\-´-©-Æœ† building éÓÆæç.
2) along - ¢Áç•úÕ.
a) There are trees along the beach - Ç beach
¢Áç•úÕ îÁô’x-Ø√o®·.
b) There are beautiful buildings along the right
side of the road = Road èπ◊ èπ◊úÕ-¢Áj-°æçû√ (èπ◊úÕ-
¢Áj°æ¤ ¢Áç•úÕ) Åçü¿-¢Á’i† éπôd-ú≈-©’-Ø√o®·.
3) along - äéπ-îÓ-öÀ-†’ç* éÌçîÁç ü¿÷®Ωçapple.
a) His office is along the road from the theatre
- ÅûªE office Ç road appleØË theatre èπ◊ ´·çü¿’/
Å´ûª© éÌçîÁç ü¿÷®Ωçapple ÖçC. (Theatre Ö†o
¢ÁjÊ°)
b) The X Ray room is along the corridor from
the consulting room = Ç †úø-¢√appleØË (doctor)
consulting room (Ææçv°æ-CçîË í∫C) †’ç* éÌçûªü¿÷-®Ωçapple
ÅüË-¢Áj°æ¤ áé˙q Í® í∫C ÖçC.
Now look at the following sentences from
the dialogue above.
1) How about coming along?
2) I'll walk along.
3) My uncle will take me along to the railway
station.
4) How is your uncle's building coming along?
5) I'll be along whenever he wants me.
6) He wants flowering plants inside, along the
walls enclosing the building.
1) coming along = éπLÆœ/ ûÓ ®√-´-ôç.
a) How about coming along? = Ø√ûÓ áçü¿’èπ◊
®√èπÿ-úøü¿÷? (®√, ÅE)
b) We are going to a movie; come along =
¢Ë’ç ÆœE´÷Èé∞¡ŸhØ√oç, ´÷ûÓ ®√.
c) Wherever he goes, his dog goes along =
¢√úÁ-éπ\-úÕéÀ ¢Á∞Ïh ¢√úÕ èπ◊éπ\ èπÿú≈ Åéπ\-úÕ-Èé-∞¡ŸhçC.
2) Walk/ go/ move along = ´·çü¿-J-Èé-∞¡}ôç.
a) He walked along without listening to what I
was saying = ؈’ îÁÊ°pC NE-°œç--éÓ-èπ◊çú≈ †úø’-èπ◊çô÷
(´·çü¿-JéÀ) ¢ÁRx-§Ú-ߪ÷úø’.
b) Move along. You are obstructing others =
éπü¿’©’. (Çí∫èπ◊, ´·çü¿’èπ◊ †úø’). Éûª-®Ω’-©-†-úøf-
T-Ææ’h-Ø√o´¤.
c) He drove along looking at the lines of faces
on either side = É®Ω’-¢Áj-°æ¤« Ö†o ´·ë«©
´®Ω’Æ憒 îª÷Ææ÷h car †úø’-°æ¤-éÌçô÷ ¢ÁRx-§Ú-ߪ÷úø’.
Walk/ go/ move along - Ñ éπü¿-L-éπ-©†’ ûÁLÊ°
´÷ô© °æéπ\† along ¢√úË îÓôxçû√ on èπÿú≈
¢√úø-´îª’a.
Let's move along = Let's move on =
´·çü¿’èπ◊ ¢Á∞«lç.
He drove along = He drove on = ¢√£æ«-Ø√Eo
†úø’-°æ¤-éÌçô÷ ¢ÁRx-§Ú-ߪ÷úø’.
3) My uncle will take me along to the railway
station = ´÷ ´÷´’ߪ’u/ ««®·/ °ü¿l-Ø√†o
ûª†ûÓ ††’o railway station èπ◊ BÆæ’-Èé-∞¡-û√úø’.
a) He takes his dog along on his morning walks
= Çߪ’† morning walk èπ◊ ¢Á∞Ï}-ô-°æ¤úø’ ûª†ûÓ ûª†
èπ◊éπ\†’ BÆæ’-Èé-∞¡-û√úø’.
Take along = ûª†ûÓ éπLÆœ BÆæ’-Èé-∞¡xôç.
b) Take along some books on the journey =
v°æߪ÷ùçapple (îªü¿’-´¤-èπ◊-ØËç-ü¿’èπ◊) FûÓ-§ƒô’ éÌEo
°æ¤Ææh-鬩’ BÆæ’-Èé∞¡Ÿ}.
4) How's your uncle's building coming along? =
O’ uncle éπôdúøç áçûª-´®Ωèπ◊ ´*açC? (ü∆E v°æí∫A
á« ÖçC?)
a) Suman: How is she coming
along in her studies?
(îªü¿’´¤apple Ç¢Á’ v°æí∫A/ ÅGµ-
´%Cl¥/ Progress á« ÖçC?)
Naveen: Oh, she is coming
along fine. She is the topper
in her class. (Ç¢Á’ progress
î√« «í∫’çC. ûª† class apple Ç¢Á’ first)
b) Things are coming along well for him in his
career = ÅûªE ´%Ah ¢√u°æ-é¬applex ÅEo N≠æ-ߪ÷©’
Åûª-EéÀ «í¬/ ņ’-èπÿ©çí¬ ï®Ω’-í∫’-ûª’-Ø√o®·.
c) The movie is coming along nicely says the
director = ÆœE´÷ î√« «í¬ ´≤Úhç-ü¿E/ †úø’-
≤Úhç-ü¿E ü¿®Ωz-èπ◊-úøç-ô’-Ø√oúø’.
5) I'll be along whenever he wants me =
Çߪ’†Èé°æ¤púø’ 鬢√-©çõ‰ ؈-°æ¤p-úÌ-≤ƒh†’.
Ééπ\úÕ expression = be along = áéπ\-úÕ-ÈéjØ√
®√´ôç.
How about coming along?
a) Go ahead. I'll (I will) be along in a few minutes
= †’´¤y °æü¿. éÌCl EN’-≥ƒapplex ؈÷ ´≤ƒh.
b) I'm (I am) going for a walk. Will you be along?
= ؈’ walking èπ◊ ¢Á∞¡ŸhØ√o. †’´¤y ´≤ƒh¢√?
c) He will be along soon. We can discuss the
matter with him. = Åûª†’ ûªy®ΩappleØË ´≤ƒhúø’.
´’†ç Ñ N≠æߪ’ç ÅûªEûÓØË îªJaç-îª-´îª’a.
É¢Ë é¬èπ◊çú≈, along with ÅØË ´÷ô èπÿú≈ ÖçC.
D†®Ωnç– 'ûÓÆæ£æ…—.
a) The building along with its expensive furniture
was sold for a small amount = Furniture
ûÓÆæ£æ… Ç building †’ ûªèπ◊\´ üµ¿®Ωèπ◊ Ţ˒t-¨»®Ω’.
b) The man along with his wife and children
were killed in the accident = Åûª†’, µ«®√u-
°œ-©x©ûÓ Ææ£æ… v°æ´÷-ü¿çapple ´’®Ω-ùÀç-î√úø’.
ÉO along ûÓ ´îËa ´÷ô©’. Practice îËߪ’çúÕ.
EXERCISE
Practice the following aloud in English.
Ram: FûÓ á´-JE BÆæ’-éÌ-î√a´¤?
Prem: Éü¿l-JE. Ø√ cousin †’, ÉçéÓ friend †’.
Ram: ¢√Rx-ü¿l-JF ´’†ç É°æ¤púø’ car apple BÆæ’-Èé-∞«}«?
Prem: Å´¤†’. Car apple °æúøû√ç éπü∆?
Ram: °æúøû√ç é¬E, é¬Ææh É®Ω’-éπE°œçîª-´îª’a.
(cramped = É®Ω’èπ◊)
Prem: Å« Ææ®Ω’l-èπ◊çü∆ç. §Úü∆ç°æü¿. (drive ¢√úøçúÕ)
Ram: O’ father operation ûª®√yûª á« ÖØ√o®Ω’?
Prem: «í¬ éÓ©’-èπ◊ç-ô’-Ø√o®Ω’. E†o ‰* A®Ω-í∫-í∫-L-í¬®Ω’
èπÿú≈.
Ram: «í∫’çC.
Prem: á« ¢Á∞«lç?
Ram: Ñ road ¢Áç•úË ¢ÁR} '¨¡Ÿµºç— éπ∞«u-ù-´’ç-úø°æç
ü¿í∫_®Ω áúø-´’-¢Áj°æ¤ A®Ω’-í∫’ü∆ç. ´’†ç ¢Á∞«x-LqçC,
Ç éπ∞«u-ù-´’ç-úø°æç ¢ÁjÊ° é¬Ææh ü¿÷®Ωçapple Ö†o
building.
ANSWER
Ram: Who did you bring along?
Prem: Two. My cousin and another friend.
Ram: Have we to take them along in the car?
(Do we have to ... ?)
Prem: Yes. The car can hold all of us, can't it?
(hold = °æôdôç)
Ram: It does, of course, but we may feel a little
cramped.
Prem: Let's adjust. Let's drive along.
Ram: How is your father after the operation?
Prem: He is coming along fine. He was able to
move about too, yesterday.
Ram: Good.
Prem: How do we go now?
Ram: We drive along this road and turn left at
Subham Kalyana Mandapam. The
place we've to go to is along the street
from Subham.
v°æ¨¡o:
1. In order to, In respect of .. Ñ prepositions
Å®√n©’, -á« ¢√ú≈apple N´-Jç-îªí∫-©®Ω’.
2. Rather than, remains closed from - OöÀ
Å®√n©’, Ö°æ-ßÁ÷-TçîË Nüµ∆†ç îÁ°æpçúÕ.
3. Depend upon, Depend on ûËú≈ àN’öÀ?
4. So that Å®√nEo Öü∆-£æ«-®Ω-ùûÓ îÁ°æpçúÕ.
– Èé. ¢Áçéπ-õ‰-¨¡y®Ω’x, §ÒCLï-¢√-•’:
In order to = Åçü¿’éÓÆæç, Åçü¿’èπ◊.
In order to meet the CM, he went to
Hyderabad (CM †’ éπ©’-Ææ’-èπ◊-ØËç-ü¿’èπ◊ Çߪ’†
£j«ü¿-®√-«ü˛èπ◊ ¢Á∞«xúø’)
You have to work hard in order to get a
good rank. (´’ç* rank ûÁa-èπ◊-ØËç-ü¿’èπ◊, «í¬
éπ%≠œ îËߪ÷L)
Å®·ûË In order to ¢√úË -•-ü¿’-©’ 'to' ¢√úÕûË ÆæJ-
§Ú-ûª’çC. ÅC simple í¬ natural í¬ Öçô’çC.
In order to éÌçîÁç §ƒçúÕûªuç,
ví¬ç-C∑éπç. ¢√úø-éπ-§ÚûË ´’ç*C.
In respect of = í∫’Jç*, °æ¤®Ω-Ææ\-Jç-éÌE,
Ææç•ç-Cµç-*†. Ñ expression
èπÿú≈ business, official language
©appleØË áèπ◊\´ ¢√úø-û√®Ω’.
Money in respect of the work already done
has been paid = Éçûª-´-®Ωèπ◊ °æ‹®Ωh-®·†
°æEéÀí¬†÷, úø•’s îÁLxç-îË--¨»®Ω’.
The teacher did not say anything in respect
of the absentee students = class èπ◊ ®√E students
†’ í∫’-Jç-* teacher àç îÁ°æp-‰ü¿’.
In respect of O©-®·-†çûª´®Ωèπ◊ ¢√úø-èπ◊çú≈
Öçúøôç ´’ç*C (In order to «í∫). In respect
of ¢√ú≈-Lq†îÓô concerning é¬F, about é¬F
¢√úøôç ´’ç*C - simple.
2) Rather than - ´’E-éÀ-≠æ dç‰E äéπ-ü∆-E-éπçõ‰/
äéπ-ü∆E •ü¿’©’ ÅE D†®Ωnç.
a) Rather than go to a matinee in this hot
sun, I will sit at home and watch the TV =
Éçûª áçúøapple matinee éÀ -¢Á-∞Ï} •ü¿’©’/ éπçõ‰,
Éçöapplex èπÿE TV îª÷Ææ’hç-ö«†’.
b) He'd rather have a cooled drink than coffee-
Åûª†’ 鬰∂‘ •ü¿’©’ xöÀ §ƒFߪ’ç É≠æ d-°æ-ú≈fúø’.
É«çöÀîÓôx, Åçõ‰ È®çúø’ ¢ËÍ®y®Ω’ ´®√_-©èπ◊ îÁçC†
¢√öÀ-E §Ú‰a--ô°æ¤p-úø’ than ¢√úøç. Rather than
´÷vûª¢Ë’ ¢√úøû√ç.
Remains closed - ´‚Æœ Öçô’çC.
The college remains closed from today = Ñ
®ÓV †’ç* ´‚Æœ Öçô’çC. (Will remain
closed ÅE èπÿú≈ ņ-´îª’a)
3) Depend on/ depend upon - È®ç-úø÷ äéπõ‰.
Å®·ûË sentence *´®Ω depend ´*a-†-°æ¤úø’
upon, better.
He depends on me for everything.
In times of need, be sure that I am here for
you to depend upon. (Å´-Ææ®Ωç ´*a-†-°æ¤púø’,
†’´¤y Çüµ∆-®Ω-°æ-úËç--ü¿’èπ◊ ؈’-Ø√o-†E ..)
4) So that ÅØËC purpose (ÖüËl-¨»Eo)
ûÁ©’°æ¤-ûª’çC.
He looked the room so that no one could
enter it. (á´®Ω÷ v°æ¢Ë-Pç-îª-èπ◊çú≈ ÖçúËç-ü¿’èπ◊
í∫CéÀ û√∞¡ç °ö«dúø’)
He put the money in the bank so that it
might be safe (úø•’s ñ«ví∫-ûªhí¬ ÖçúËç-ü¿’èπ◊/
Öçô’ç-ü¿E Åûª†’ ü∆Eo bank apple ¢Ë¨»úø’)
He walked fast so that he might not miss
the bus = Bus miss Å´-èπ◊çú≈ ÖçúËç-ü¿’èπ◊
¢Ëí∫çí¬ †úÕ-î√úø’.
Å®·ûË So that •ü¿’©’ î√-«-îÓôx to é¬F, to be able
to é¬F ¢√úÕûË simple í¬ Öçô’çC. ÅEoîÓ-ö«x é¬ü¿’.
- M. SURESAN

-Ç-C-¢√®Ωç 18 °∂œ-v•-´-J 2007 Ñ-Ø√-úø’ £j«-ü¿®√-«-ü˛ 2
-Ççí∫x-µ«-≠æ-ù 275
Niranjan: Hi Nirupama, you are late again.
(E®Ω’-°æ´÷, †’´¤y ´’Sx Ç©Ææuç.)
Nirupama: Sorry sir, I was caught up in a
nasty traffic jam. The flyover
under construction is holding up
the traffic. Vehicles were moving
at a snail's pace.
(Sorry, °∂æ’apple®Ω-¢Á’i† traffic jam apple
É®Ω’-èπ◊\-§Ú-ߪ÷†’. Åéπ\úø flyover E®√tùçapple
Öçúøôç ´©x ¢√£æ«-Ø√-©Fo †ûªh-
†-úøéπ †úÕ-î√®·.)
Nasty - Aô’d-°æü¿ç – °∂æ’apple®Ω-¢Á’i†/ £‘«†-¢Á’i†/ ...
etc. snail's pace = snail = †ûªh; pace = ¢Ëí∫ç.
Niranjan: Even the construction of the flyover
is at a snail's pace. God
knows when it will be complete.
(Flyover E®√tùç èπÿú≈ †ûªh-†-úøéπ«
≤ƒí∫’-ûÓçC. ÅüÁ°æ¤púø’ °æ‹®Ωh-´¤-ûª’çüÓ
üË´¤-úÕÍé ûÁL-ߪ÷L.)
Nirupama: I usually start at home at 9
expecting to be here at 9.45. But
from tomorrow onwards I'll start a
little earlier. At any rate not later
than 8.45.
(´÷´‚-©’í¬ ØËEçöapplex 9 éÀ •ßª’-©’-üË-
®Ω-û√†’ Ééπ\-úÕéÀ 9.45 éπ«x ÖçúÌîªaE.
é¬E Í®°æ-öÀ-†’ç* é¬Ææh ´·çüË •ßª’-©’üË-®Ω-û√†’.
àüË-´’-®·Ø√, 8.45 ü∆ôèπ◊çú≈
•ßª’-©’-üË-®Ω-û√†’.)
Niranjan: That's good. There are three
more reports to be got ready. At
any cost they must be over by 4
this evening.
(´’ç*üË. Éçé¬ ´‚úø’ reports Æœü¿l¥ç
鬢√Lq ÖØ√o®·. àüË-¢Á’iØ√ ÅN É¢√∞¡
Ø√©’-Tç-öÀ-éπ«x °æ‹®Ωh-¢√L.)
Nirupama: At all costs they will be ready by 4
sir.
(àüË-¢Á’iØ√ Å´Fo èπÿú≈ Ø√©’-Tç-öÀéÀ
ûªßª÷-®Ω-´¤-û√®·.)
Niranjan: OK. I know you'll do it. When you
are around, I feel at ease.
(ÆæÍ®, Ø√èπ◊ ûÁ©’Ææ’ †’´¤y îËÊÆ-≤ƒh-´E.
†’´¤y ü¿í∫_-®Ω’çõ‰ Ø√Íé *çû√ Öçúøü¿’.)
Nirupama: Thank you, sir.
Niranjan: Look here, Nirupama. There's a
small problem - a complaint from
our head office - one of the
reports we sent last week, they
say, is at odds with the one we
had sent earlier. How did that
happen?
(äéπ *†o Ææ´’Ææu – Head office ¢√∞¡x
†’ç* ã compliant – ´’†ç éÀçü¿öÀ
¢√®Ωç °æç°œ† reports apple äéπöÀ
´’†ç Åçûª-èπ◊-´·çü¿’ °æç°œ† report
èπ◊ Gµ†oçí¬ Öçü¿E. ÅüÁ« ïJ-TçC?
Nirupama: I'm sure it's not our fault. I checked
and rechecked all the reports
before I sent them. I sat for three
hours at a stretch to make sure
that nothing was wrong.
(ÅC ´’† ûª°æ¤p-é¬-ü¿E ؈’ éπ*aûªçí¬
†´·t-ûª’-Ø√o†’. à §Ò®Ω-§ƒô÷ ®√èπ◊çú≈
Öçúø-ö«-EéÀ ؈’ ´‚úø’-í∫çô©§ƒô’
ü∆E N≠æ-ߪ’¢Ë’ îª÷¨»†’.)
Niranjan: I am sure too there wasn't any
error from our side. The mistake
must be at the H.O. itself.
(؈÷ ´’†-¢Áj°æ¤ †’ç* à §Ò®Ω-§ƒô’
‰ü¿E éπ*aûªçí¬ ÖØ√o. §Ò®Ω-§ƒô’
head office appleØË Öçú≈L.)
Nirupama: I will check up once again.
(؈’ ´’Sx îª÷≤ƒh†’.)
English conversation apple 'At' ¢√úøéπç î√«
áèπ◊\´. ÅC ´’†ç-ü¿-®Ωèπÿ ûÁ©’Ææ’.
´÷´‚-©’í¬ ã v°æü˨¡ç ´·çü¿’ 'at' ¢√úÕûË Ç
îÓô ÅØË Å®Ωnç ´Ææ’hçC.
At home (ÉçöÀapple), at college, at office, at
the theatre - Çߪ÷-îÓôx, Ç v°æüË-¨»-©apple ÅE.
Time ´·çü¿’ at ¢√úÕûË Ç Ææ´’-ߪ÷-EéÀ ÅE
Å®Ωnç.
At 4 PM, at 6 PM, at 7 in the morning.
´’† °æJ-Æœn-AE ûÁ©-°æ-ú≈-EéÀ ¢√úøû√ç.
a) He is at work/ play/ lunch/ dinner/ a party -
Åûª†’ °æEapple/ Çúø’ûª÷/ µappleçîËÆæ÷h/ party apple
ÖØ√oúø’.
b) I am at my cousin's/ aunt's etc. = ´÷
cousin/ aunt ÉçöÀapple ÖØ√o†’.
á´J ÉçöÀapple ÅØËC 's ûÓ ûÁ©-°æ-´îª’a.
He is right now at Ramesh's = Åûª-E-°æ¤púø’
®Ω¢Ë’≠ˇ ÉçöÀapple ÖØ√oúø’. (Ramesh's home/
house ņ-éπ\-®Ω-‰ü¿’.)
at the moment = Ñ éπ~ùçapple/ É°æ¤púø’.
Kumar: Hello, who's it please?
Kesav: I am Kesav. Can I speak to
Sadanand?
Kumar: He is very busy at the moment. I'm
afraid he can't take your call. Can
you leave a message?
(Ñ éπ~ùç Çߪ’† î√« busy í¬
ÖØ√oúø’. O’ûÓ ´÷ö«x-úø-‰úø’. àüÁjØ√
îÁ°æp-´’ç-ö«®√?)
At war, at peace, at some distance -
Ééπ\-úøçû√ at èπ◊ Å®Ωnç, apple – ÅE ´Ææ’hçC.
àüÁjØ√ rate ´·çü¿’ at ¢√úøû√ç.
at Rs. 60 a dozen, at a speed of 50 Kmph
(Kilometres per hour), etc.
àüÁjØ√ í∫’ùç ûª®√yûª at ´ÊÆh Ç í∫’ùç éπ© ÅE
Å®Ωnç ´Ææ’hçC.
a) He is good at cricket =
-Å-ûª-úø’ cricket «í¬ Çúø-û√úø’.
b) She is poor at understanding others =
Éûª-®Ω’-©-†®Ωnç îËÆæ’-éÓ-‰-ü∆¢Á’. (Ç¢Á’é¬ ¨¡éÀh-‰ü¿’)
c) He is clever at getting help from others =
Éûª-®Ω’-© Ææ£æ…ߪ’ç §Òçü¿-ôçapple ûÁL-N-í∫-©-¢√úø’.
Now look at the following sentences from
the conversation at the beginning of the
lesson.
1) Vehicles were moving at a snail's pace =
¢√£æ«-Ø√©’ †ûªh-†-úøéπ †úø’-Ææ’h-Ø√o®·. (î√« Eü∆-
†çí¬)
a) Work on the flyover is progressing at a
snail's pace = Flyover °æ†’©’ î√« ´’çü¿-éÌúÕí¬
†úø’-Ææ’h-Ø√o®·.
b) His book will take a long time to complete.
He is writing at a snail's pace = ÅûªE °æ¤Ææhéπç
°æ‹®Ωh-´-ö«-EéÀ î√«é¬©ç °æúø’-ûª’çC. Åûª†’ î√«
Eü∆-†çí¬ ®√Ææ’h-Ø√oúø’.
2) At any rate. àüË-¢Á’iØ√, ´’£æ… Å®·ûË.
a) I will try to start as early as I can, at any
rate not later than 8 = O©-®·-†çûª ûªy®Ωí¬
•ßª’-©’-üË-Í®ç-ü¿’èπ◊ v°æߪ’-Ao≤ƒh. àüË-¢Á’iØ√ 8 éπçõ‰
´·çüË (ûª®√yûª é¬èπ◊çú≈).
b) You think you can get the
car cheap. At any rate it's
not going to be less than
Rs. 3 lac. = (Ç car -éπí¬
éÌØÁ-ߪ÷u-©E ņ’-èπ◊ç-ô’-Ø√o´¤.
àüË-¢Á’iØ√ ÅC Fèπ◊ 3 ©éπ~©
®Ω÷§ƒ-ߪ’-©èπ◊ ûªèπ◊\-´-®√ü¿’)
3) At any cost – áöÀd °æJ-Æœn-ûª’-applex-ØÁjØ√.
a) I must reach the place at 9 at any cost =
áöÀd °æJ-Æœn-ûª’applex†®·Ø√ ؈éπ\úÕéÀ 9 éπ«x îË®Ω’-éÓ-
¢√L.
b) You will meet him there at any cost even
before I start = ؈’ •ßª’-©’-üË-®Ω-ú≈-E-éπØ√o
´·çüË áöÀd °æJ-Æœn-A-applex-ØÁjØ√ †’´y-ûªEo éπ©’-≤ƒh´¤.
c) He wants to see her out of job at any cost
= à °æJ-Æœn-A-apple-ØÁjØ√, à °æü¿l¥A ´©x†®·Ø√, Ç¢Á’
ÖüÓuí∫çapple Öçúø-èπ◊çú≈ îª÷ú≈-©-†’-èπ◊ç-ô’-Ø√o-úøûª†’.
He is good at cricket
4) At all costs they will be ready by 4 PM.
At all costs = at any cost - Both are same.
5) When you are around, I feel at ease =
†’´¤y ü¿í∫_-®Ω’çõ‰ Ø√èπ◊ à *çû√ Öçúøü¿’/
؈÷°œJ °‘©’a-èπ◊çö«.
feel at ease/ be at ease = feel relaxed/ be free
from worry = Nv¨»ç-Aí¬, worry ‰èπ◊çú≈ Öçúøôç.
a) You'll get what you want. Feel at ease/ be
at ease = Fé¬\-¢√-LqçC ´Ææ’hçC. Çü¿’-®√l-°æ-úøèπ◊/
worry Å´èπ◊.
b) With the police any where around, he
could never feel at ease = Police ¢√∞¡Ÿx
áéπ\-úÁjØ√ ü¿í∫_-®Ω’çõ‰, Åûª-EéÀ ÆœnN’-ûªçí¬ Öçúøü¿’.
c) He is never at ease when he sees some
one happier than he/ him = Åûª-E-éπçõ‰ ÆæçûÓ-
≠æçí¬ Ö†o-¢√-∞Îx-´-J-ØÁjØ√ îª÷ÊÆh Åûª-EéÀ ÆæçûÓ≠æçí¬
Öçúøü¿’. (Ñ®Ω{u)
6) I sat for three hours at a stretch over it =
ü∆E í∫’Jç* àéπ-üµ∆-öÀí¬ ´‚úø’ í∫çô©’ èπÿ®Ω’aØ√o.
At a stretch = break ‰èπ◊çú≈, ÅüË °æEí¬.
a) He established a record for nonstop
singing by singing for 72 hours at a stretch
= àéπ-üµ∆-öÀí¬ 72 í∫çô-©-§ƒô’ N®√´’ç ‰èπ◊çú≈
§ƒúÕ, §ƒúø-ôçapple record Ææ%≠œdç-î√úø’.
b) She lectured for three hours at a stretch =
àéπ-üµ∆-öÀ† 3 í∫çô-©-ÊÆ°æ¤ Ö°æ-†u-Æœç-*çC.
É´Fo î√« common phrases. Practice îËߪ’çúÕ.
v°æ¨¡o: Enter ûª®√yûª into preposition ¢√úÌ-ü¿lE
Åçö«®Ω’. éÌEo ¢√é¬uapplex -Å-« -Öç-öappleç-C.
Into á« ¢√ú≈apple N´-Jç-îª-í∫-©®Ω’.
Enter into the new session.
We are entering into London.
Take permission before enter into the room..
ÅE ®√Ææ’hç-ö«®Ω’ éπü∆? – -á-Ø˛.Ææ-ûªuç, -Ç-C-«-«-ü˛
-ï-¢√-•’:
Enter ûª®√yûª into ¢√úøôç Ææçü¿-®√s¥Eo•öÀd Öçô’çC.
äéπ v°æüË-¨¡ç-appleéÀ v°æ¢Ë-Pç-îªôç Å®·ûË, enter ÅØË
Åçö«ç, into ®√ü¿’. Ææ絫-≠æ-ù-appleéÀ/ N¢√-ü¿ç-appleéÀ/
ä°æpç-ü∆-EéÀ Cí∫ôç Å®·ûË enter into Åçö«ç.
a) Enter a place (room, college, town, etc)
b) enter into a conversation/ discussion/ agreement
1. Entering into the new session ÉC correct.
éÌûªh session appleéÀ Åúø’-T-úøôç.
2. We are entering into London ÆæJ-é¬ü¿’, We are
entering London - correct
3. Take permission before enter into the room -
ÆæJ-é¬ü¿’. Take permission before you enter
the room - correct.
India entered into an agreement with
America - Ééπ\úø into Å´-Ææ®Ωç.
v°æ¨¡o:
According to, Agreeably to, Along with,
Away from, Because of, By dint of, By
means of, By reason of, By way of,
Conformably to, For the sake of .
-Ñ Phrase prepositions í∫’-Jç-* -ûÁ-©’í∫’-apple
-N-´-Jç-îªí∫-©®Ω’.
– Èé.-Ø√®√-ߪ’-ù, -†-Ô_ç-úø
-ï-¢√-•’:
i) 'to' preposition èπ◊ ´÷´‚©’ Å®√n©’:
1) 'èπ◊/ éÀ— ÅE, 2) ü¿í∫_-®Ω-èπ◊, Åô’--¢Áj°æ¤.
1) He gave it to her (Ç¢Á’èπ◊)
2) She walked to the classroom = classroom
-¢Áj°æ¤/ class room ü¿í∫_-®Ωèπ◊ †úÕ-*çC.
(É«çöÀîÓôx to = towards)
3) The boy went to his mother =
¢√∞¡x´’t ü¿í∫_-JéÀ ¢Á∞«xúø’.
ii) with Åçõ‰ 'ûÓ—.
Please come with me = Ø√ûÓ®√.
iii) of = 1) í∫’-Jç-* ii) ßÁ·éπ\
a) I know of (= about = í∫’-Jç-*)
this.
He knew of it yesterday itself
(of= í∫’-Jç-*)
b) ßÁ·éπ\ – This is the property
of my friend. (ÅûªE ßÁ·éπ\)
iv) from = †’ç*, away = ü¿÷®Ωçí¬.
Å®·ûË O’®Ω’ ®√Æœ† phrases appleE to, with,
of, «çöÀ prepositions èπ◊ v°æûËu-éπçí¬ Å®√n-
©’ç-úø´¤. ÅN Ç phrases apple µ«í¬©’. Ç
prepositions ÅFo Ç ´÷ô© °æéπ\† ¢√úø’éπí¬
´≤ƒh®·.
1. According to = v°æ鬮Ωç
2. Agreeably to - ÉC-‰ü¿’ – Agreeable to
ÖçC. Å®Ωnç – Ææ´’tûªç.
(He is agreeable to my proposal - Ø√ v°æA-§ƒü¿†
Åûªúø’ ä°æ¤p-èπ◊-Ø√o-úø’/- ÅC Åûª-EéÀ Ææ´’tûªç.)
3. Along with = ûÓÆæ£æ…
The house along with its furniture has
been sold =
Ç É©’x, furniture ûÓÆæ£æ… Ţ˒t-¨»®Ω’.
4. Away from = ü¿÷®Ωçí¬.
He lived in a small village away from
towns and cities - †í∫-®√-©èπ◊ ü¿÷®Ωçí¬ *†o
ví¬´’çapple E´-Æœç-î√úø’.
5. Because of = Åçü¿’-´©x
Because of his laziness he failed
= ≤Ú´’Jûª†ç ´©x
6 &7) By dint of = By means - Åçü¿’-
´‚-©çí¬/ ü∆E Ææ£æ…-ߪ’çûÓ.
He succeeded by dint of/ by means of his
hard work (éπ%≠œ-´-©x/- éπ%≠œ Ææ£æ…-ߪ’çûÓ)
8. By reason of = -Ç é¬-®Ω-ùçí¬
By means of their quarrel, they lost their
money = ¢√∞¡x §Úö«xô 鬮Ω-ùçí¬ úø•’s©’
§ÚíÌ-ô’d-èπ◊-Ø√o®Ω’.
9. By way of - i) Ç Nüµ¿ç-í¬/- ü∆-EéÀ ´÷®Ω’í¬.
We had bread and fruit by way of lunch
= bread, °æçúøx®Ω÷°æçapple lunch BÆæ’-èπ◊Ø√oç.
= lunch •ü¿’©’ bread, °æçúø÷x BÆæ’-èπ◊Ø√oç.
10. conformably to: Ñ ´÷ô English apple ‰ü¿’.
11. for the sake of = Åçü¿’-éÓ-Ææ¢Ë’.
a) He murdered the child for the sake of
a few thousand rupees = éÌEo ¢Ë©
®Ω÷§ƒ-ߪ’© éÓÆæç Ç Gúøf†’ £æ«ûªu î˨»úø’.
b) He came here for the sake of a job,
ÖüÓuí∫ç éÓÆæç Ééπ\-úÕéÀ ´î√aúø’. Ñ
Å®ΩnçûÓ for the sake of = for.
- M. SURESAN

-´’çí∫-∞¡-¢√®Ωç 20 °∂œ-v•-´-J 2007 Ñ-Ø√-úø’ £j«-ü¿®√-«-ü˛ 2
-Ççí∫x-µ«-≠æ-ù 276
Saran: Visal, You appear busy. (Are you)
going somewhere?
(î√-« busy í¬ éπ†°æ-úø’-ûª’-Ø√o´¤. áéπ\-úÕ-
ÈéjØ√ ¢Á∞¡Ÿh-Ø√o¢√?)
Visal: Yes. I'm going for a bit of shopping.
(Å´¤†’. é¬Ææh shopping îËü∆l-´’E •ßª’-‰l-
®√†’/ ¢Á∞¡Ÿh-Ø√o†’)
Saran: I'm not surprised. Whenever I see
you, you are out shopping. I'm afraid
that at this rate hardly anything will
be left for others to buy.
(Ø√Íéç Ǩ¡a-®Ωuçí¬ ‰ü¿’. E†’o ØËØÁ-°æ¤púø’
îª÷ÆœØ√ shopping îËߪ’-ö«-EéÀ ¢Á∞¡⁄h
Öçö«-´¤. Ñ Nüµ¿çí¬/ Ñ B®Ω’† shops
apple éÌØËç-ü¿’èπ◊ -É-ûª-®Ω’-©èπ◊ -àç N’í∫-©-üË¢Á÷
ÅE ņ’-´÷-†çí¬ ÖçC)
Visal: (Do you) Know what my old man/ dad
says? ''If you shop at this rate, you'll
(you will) end up penniless''
(´÷ Ø√ØËo-´’ç-ö«úÓ ûÁ©’≤ƒ? É« †’´¤y
shopping îËÆæ÷h §ÚûË †’´¤y °j≤ƒ ‰èπ◊çú≈
§Úû√´¤—— ÅE.)
(Old man Åçõ‰ Ééπ\úø Ø√†o ÅE. éÌçîÁç ÆæyûªçvAç*
dad •ü¿’©’ ¢√u´-£æ…-J-éπçí¬ -¢√-úË-´÷-ô.
ûÁ©’-í∫’-apple†÷ Åç-ô’ç-ö«®Ω’ éπü∆– ´÷ «•’
Ü®Ó\úø’ ÅE).
Penniless = îËAapple °j≤ƒ/ *Lx í∫´y ‰èπ◊çú≈
Öçúøôç. Penny = British currency apple Ø√ù„ç.
Plural - pence. 100 pence = 1 pound
Saran: If you don't mind, so do I feel too. I
find you spending quite a lot on
clothes and other avoidable things.
Why don't you check your spending
spree?
(†’¢Ëyç ņ’-éÓ-éπ-§ÚûË, Ø√èπÿ\ú≈ ÅüË ÅEp-
Ææ’hçC. •ôd© O’ü¿, Éûª®Ω ņ-´-Ææ-®Ω-¢Á’i†
´Ææ’h-´¤-©-O’ü∆ †’´¤y «í¬ --ê®Ω’a °-úø-û√-´¤.
F Nîªa-©-NúÕ ê®Ω’a-†’ é¬Ææh Åü¿’-°æ¤apple °ô’déÓ-èπÿ-úøü¿÷?)
Spree: (àüÁjØ√ Ææ®Ωü∆) N’AO’J îËߪ’ôç.
Spending spree = Ææ®Ω-ü∆í¬ N’A-O’J ê®Ω’a
îËߪ’ôç – Eating spree = (Ææ®Ω-ü∆í¬) N’AO’-J
A†ôç. They are on a betting spree = ¢√∞¡Ÿ}
N’A-O’J bet ©’ é¬Ææ’h-Ø√o®Ω’. Last lessonapple
binge ÅØË ´÷ô ¢√ú≈ç. ÅD, spree äéπõ‰.
Visal: I've (I have) controlled myself a lot. In
the last few weeks I haven't spent as
much as I did earlier
(؈’ î√« control îËÆæ’èπ◊-Ø√o†’. Ñ
í∫úÕ-*† ¢√®Ωçapple Åçûªèπ◊ -´·ç-ü¿ç-ûª -ê®Ω’a
°ôd-‰ü¿’.)
Saran: No. What you say is at odds with
what I observe you doing. Just yesterday
you added one more pair of
jeans to the twenty odd pairs you
have.
(àç ‰ü¿’. †’´yç-ô’†o ü∆EéÀ, îËÆæ’h-†o-ü∆-
Eéà àç §Òçûª† ‰ü¿’. -ØË-†’ í∫--´’-EÆæ’h-Ø√o-
†’. E†o-öÀéÀ E†o, Fèπ◊†o 20 °j *©’èπ◊
jeans èπ◊ ´’®Ó jeans ûÓúø’ î˨»´¤).
twenty odd = É®Ω-¢ÁjéÀ °jí¬/ É®Ω¢Áj + *©x®Ω.
The book costs a hundred odd rupees.
(Ç °æ¤Ææhéπç üµ¿®Ω ´ç-ü¿ *©x®Ω)
Visal: I am at it, Saran. I can't resist the
temptation to buy a thing when I like it.
(؈’ Ç °æE O’üË/Ç v°æߪ’-ûªoç-appleØË ÖØ√o.
àüÁjØ√ ´Ææ’h´¤ †*aûË ÅC éÌØ√-©ØË éÓJ-éπ†’
؈’ Åù’--éÓ-‰†’.)
Temptation = Çéπ-®Ω{ù.
Resist - v°æA-°∂æ’-öÀç-îªôç/ Ééπ\úø ûªô’d-éÓ-´ôç.
The drunkard cannot resist the temptation of
the bottle.
(û√í∫’-appleûª’ ´’-ü¿uç Çéπ-®Ω{ù ûªô’d-éÓ-‰úø’.)
The bottle = ´’-ü¿uç)
Saran: OK. Good luck in your attempts to
spend less.
Visal: You don't buy as much as I do, but I
find your clothes very good. I must say
you have good taste.
(؈’ é̆oçûª †’´¤y-éÌ-†´¤. é¬F F •ôd
î√-« «í∫’ç-ö«®·. F ÅGµ-®Ω’* ´’ç*C ÅE
îÁ°æpéπ ûª°æpü¿’.)
Saran: I don't know all that. I Select my
clothes at random. No pick and
choose as you do.
(Ø√éπüËç-- ûÁ--L-ߪ’ü¿’. àüÓ ûÓ*-†N Select
îËÆæ’èπ◊ç-ö«†’. °æ-ô’d-•öÀd ÉüË é¬¢√L, ÅüË
鬢√L ÅE à®Ω’-éÓ†’.)
Pick and choose = ´’†-é¬\-´-©-Æœ-†N/ †*a-†N
´÷vûª¢Ë’ Select îËÆæ’éÓ-´-úøç
Visal: In spite of the many clothes I buy,
Some times I am at sea what to wear
for an occasion. Too many clothes to
choose from.
(ÅEo •ôd--©’ éÌ-†’-èπ◊-†o-°æp-öÀéÃÀ, àüÁjØ√
Ææçü¿-®√s¥EéÀ -àç -¢ËÆæ’éÓ-¢√-apple -ûÁ-L-ߪ’-E ÅßÁ÷-
´’--ߪ’ç-apple Öçö«†’. ´’K áèπ◊\´ •ôd-applexç*
select îËÆæ’éÓ-´-úøç èπÿú≈ éπ≠æ d¢Ë’.)
Saran: So, the lesson is cut down your
spendiing.
(鬕öÀd §ƒ®∏Ωç: F ê®Ω’a-ûª-T_ç-éÓ)
Visal: From now on I will be at it sincererly
(É°æp-öÀ -†’ç-* ´’†-Ææ÷p¥-Jhí¬ Ç °æEO’üË- Öçö«)
Conversation english apple î√-« common í¬
N-E°œç-îË at ûÓ ´îËa-´’-J-éÌEo expressions îª÷ü∆lç.
Look at the following expressions from
the conversation above.
1) I'm afraid that at this rate hardly anything
will be left for others to buy.
2) What you say is at odds with what I
observe you doing.
3) I am at it/ I will be at it.
4) I select my clothes at random.
5) In spite of the many clothes I buy some
times I am at sea what to wear for an occasion.
1) I'm afraid that at this rate hardly anything
will be left for others to buy
(É«Íí é̆-≤ƒ-TûË/ Ñ Nüµ¿çí¬ Å®·ûË Éûª-®Ω’©’
éÌØËç-ü¿’-Íéç-N’-í∫-©ü¿’.)
At this rate = É«Íí ïJ-TûË/ É«Íí é̆-≤ƒ-TûË
a) Pollution is growing day by day at this rate
the world will be a dead place in some
countries = 鬩’≠æuç ®ÓV ®ÓVéà °J-T-§ÚûÓçC.
ÉüË é̆-≤ƒ-TûË éÌEo ´çü¿© à∞¡x-appleØË
v°æ°æçîªç ´’®Ω’-µº÷N’ Å®·-§Ú-ûª’çC.
b) We are cutting off forests. At this rate wild
life will be extinct in no time.
(´’†ç Åúø-´¤-©†’ †J-Íé-Ææ’hØ√oç. ÉüË-éÌ-†-≤ƒ-TûË
´†u-´’%í¬-©’ -Åçûª-Jç-*-§Ú-û√®·.)
extinct = Åçûª-Jç* §Ú®·†, wild life =´†u-´’%-í¬©’
c) You are making to many enimies at this
rate there will be none to support you.
(†’´¤y ´’K áèπ◊\´ ´’ç--C-E -¨¡-vûª’-´¤-©†’ îËÆæ’èπ◊çô’-Ø√o´¤.
É«Íí é̆-≤ƒ-TûË Fèπ◊ ´’ü¿lûª’ É´y-ö«-
EéÀ á´®Ω÷ Öçúø®Ω’.)
2) What you say is at odds
with what I observe you
doing .
(†’´¤y îÁÊ°p--C --îËÊÆ-C -î√-«
-Gµ-†oçí¬ -Öç-C.- ØË-†’- í∫-´’-EÆæ’h-Ø√o-
†’)(F ´÷ô-©èπÿ îËûª-©èπÿ §Òçûª†
‰ü¿’)
At odds with = Gµ†oçí¬/
§Òçûª† ‰E/ ´uA-Í®-¢Á’i†.
a) His behaviour is at odds with his words =
ÅûªE v°æ´-®Ωh† ÅûªE ´÷ô-©èπ◊ Gµ†oçí¬ ÖçC.
b) What he says is at odds with what the
press has reported =
Åûª†’ îÁ°æ¤h-†oD, ¢√®√h °ævA-éπapplex ´*açD ûËú≈í¬
ÖØ√o®·.
3) I selected my clothes at random
At random = äéπ °æü¿l¥-Aí¬ é¬èπ◊çú≈. ´·êuçí¬ ÉC
selection N≠æ-ߪ’çapple ¢√-úø-û√®Ω’.
I AM AT SEA WHAT TO WEAR
a) The teacher selected ten students at random
from the class = Ç teacher class apple -
†’ç-* °æC-´’ç-CE (à °æ-ü¿l¥-A-‰-èπ◊çú≈) ᆒo-èπ◊-
Ø√o®Ω’ – à v§ƒA°æC-é¬-‰-èπ◊çú≈
b) I picked up these shirts at random =
Ñ shits †’ àüÓ Å« Select îËÆæ’èπ◊Ø√o.
4) I am at it/ I will be at it =
؈’ Ç°æE O’üË ÖØ√o/ Ç °æE O’üË Öçö«.
To be at it = ã °æE O’ü¿/ã v°æߪ’-ûªoçapple Öçúøôç.
a) You've asked me to tidy up the home and
I am at it.
(†’´¤y †-†’o- É©’x Ææ®Ωl-´’-Ø√o´¤, ØËØ√°æE O’üË
ÖØ√o.)
Hemanth: I've asked you to choose a good
house that I can buy. Do you
remember?
(؈’ éÌØËç-ü¿’èπ◊ É©’x select îËߪ’-´’-
Ø√o-†’í¬. Fèπ◊ í∫’®Ω’hçü∆?)
Vasanth: Sure. I do. I am at it
(éπ*a-ûªçí¬ í∫’®Ω’hçC. Ç°æE O’üË ÖØ√o)
Sumanth: Make sure you finish the work by
the week end.
(¢√®√ç-û√-EéÀ á-«-Èíj-Ø√ °æE °æ‹®Ωh-ßË’-«
îª÷úø’)
Ananth: From now on I will be at it and won't
rest until it is done.
(É°æp-öÀ-†’ç* Ç °æE O’üË Öçö«, Å°æ-E
°æ‹®Ωh-ßË’u -´-®Ωèπ◊ Nv¨¡-N’ç-’)
I want it done immediately. Be at it = Ç °æE
Ø√èπ◊ ¢ÁçôØË Å®·-§Ú-¢√L. Ç °æE O’üË Öçúø’.
Ñ *†o expression, at it, english apple î√-«
common. ûª®Ωîª÷ practice îËߪ’çúÕ.
5) ... I am at sea what to wear =
àC -¢ËÆæ’éÓ-¢√-apple ûÁM-ôç-‰ü¿’.
To be at sea = àç îÁߪ÷uapple ûÁME í∫çü¿-®Ω-íÓ∞¡
ÆœnA/ àD- §ƒ©’§ÚE- ÆœnA.
a) I am at sea about what to do next =
ûª®√yûª àç îÁߪ÷uapple ûÁME ÆœnAapple ÖØ√o-ØËo†’.
b) With the loss he has sustained in business
he is at see how to recover =
¢√u§ƒ-®Ωçapple †≥ƒd©’ §ÒçC, á« éÓ©’-éÓ-¢√apple
§ƒ©’-§Ú-èπ◊çú≈ Öçü¿-ûª-EéÀ.
Exercise: Match the words under A with
their meanigs under B
A
B
1. bank
2 frugal
A. Speed
B. jump
C. depend
3. rapid
D. Economical
4. dive
E. extravagant
5. pace
F. fast
G. unhealthy.
Answers 1.C 2.D 3.F 4.B 5.A
v°æ¨¡o: Spoken English Åç-õ‰ direct í¬ simple í¬-
Öç-ú≈-L éπ-ü∆?I don't see eye to eye with
you in that matter -Å-ØË -•-ü¿’-©’ I disagree-
‰-ü∆ I differ with you --Å-E I am with you
there Å-ØË -•-ü¿’-©’ I agree with you- Åç-õ‰
Ææ-J-§Ú-ûª’ç-C éπ-ü∆?
G. Madhusudan, Suryapet
ï-¢√-•’ :
O’®Ω’ îÁ°œpçC correct. Å®·ûË repetition avoid
îËߪ’-ö«-EéÀ conversation apple éÌçûª variety éÓÆæç
Å°æ¤p-úø-°æ¤púø’, É«çöÀ idiomatic expressions (I
don't see eye to eye with you) ´’†ç ¢√úø-´îª’a.
Å«ç-öÀN ¢√úË-°æ¤púø’ Å´-ûª-L-¢√-∞¡x-èπ◊\ú≈ ÅC Å®Ωnç Å´¤ûª’çü∆
‰ü∆ ÅØËC ü¿%≠œdapple Öç-èπ◊çõ‰ communication
free í¬ Öçô’çC.
°æ¨¡o:
1) ؈’ á°æ¤púø’ ®Ω´’tçõ‰ Å°æ¤púø’ F´¤ ´≤ƒh¢√?
2) ؈’ Eapplea-´’†o ¢ÁçôØË F´¤ Eapplea-¢√L.
3) E†o O’®Ω’ ®ΩNûÓ ††’o £j«ü¿-®√-
«-ü˛èπ◊ ¢Á∞¡x-´’-Ø√o-®Ωô.
4) ؈’ á´-JûÓ ´÷ö«x-úø-´’çõ‰
¢√JûÓ ´÷ö«x-úø-û√-¢√?
5) ¢Á·†o- O’®Ω’ éπ%≠ægûÓ É¢√∞¡
††’o éπ©-´-´’-Ø√o-®Ωô.
6) ؈’ îÁ°œp† ¢ÁçôØË Ç °æE F´¤
îËߪ÷L.
°j Expressions apple -¢Á-∞«x©--†o-´÷ô, ®Ω´’t-Ø√o-´ô,
´÷ö«x-úø-û√¢√, ¢Á-∞¡û√¢√ «çöÀ ûÁ©’í∫’ °æü∆-©èπ◊
Ææ´÷-†-¢Á’i† ÉçTx-≠ˇ °æü∆-©†’ á« îÁ§ƒpapple ûÁ©-
°æçúÕ?
ï-¢√-•’ :
Krishna, Vizianagaram
i) Will you come whenever I want you/tell you
to come.
ii) You must stand up when I ask you to
stand up.
iii) It seems yesterday you wanted me to go
with Ravi to Hyderabad.
(It seems yesterday you said that? should
go with Ravi to Hyderabad).
iv) Will you talk to any one who I want you
to/ask you to talk to.
v) It seems (that) the day before yesterday
you wanted Krishna to see/meet me
today.
vi) When I ask you to do some thing, you
must do it at once.
¢Á∞¡x-´’-Ø√o-´ô, ÅE 'Åô—èπ◊ It seems/you seem
ņ-´îª’a. N’í∫û√ ¢√öÀéÀ °j sentences îª÷úøçúÕ.
°æ¨¡o: :
1) I married ņ-èπ◊çú≈ I got married Åçö«-
®Ω’ áç-ü¿’èπ◊?double V3 áçü¿’èπ◊ Ö°æ-ßÁ÷-T-
≤ƒh®Ω’?
2) English Alphabet †’ G, Æœ,- úÕ, ->,- ÅE -Ö-îªa-Jçî√«?
‰ü∆ ¸, Æˇ, -ú˛, ñ¸, ÅE Öîªa-Jç-î√«?
G. Madhava Reddy, Devarakonda
ï-¢√-•’ :
i) I married Åçõ‰ á´-JE, ÅE ûÁMôç ‰ü¿’. Åçü¿’éπE
I married her / him/that girl, etc Å-ØÁj-Ø√
ÅØ√L. ‰èπ◊çõ‰ I got married Åçö«ç. Ééπ\úø
Got main verb 鬕öÀd married - past participle
¢√-úøû√ç.
eg: He got beaten thoroughly - «í¬ üÁ•s©’
AØ√oúø’. Get èπ◊ Ñ Nüµ¿-¢Á’i† ¢√úøéπç í∫’-Jç-*
´·çü¿J lessons îª÷-úøç-úÕ.
ii) ´÷´‚-©’í¬ Öîªa-JçîË°æ¤púø’ b, c, d, g ÅØË
Åçö«ç. ¢√öÀéÀ a, e, i, o, u îËJa-†-°æ¤úø’– ¸, Æˇ,
ese, value ûÓ vowel sound†’ •öÀd
¢√úø-û√ç.
- M. SURESAN

í∫’®Ω’-¢√®Ωç 22 °∂œ-v•-´-J 2007 Ñ-Ø√-úø’ £j«-ü¿®√-«-ü˛ 2
-Ççí∫x-µ«-≠æ-ù 277
Harsha: Hi Sasir, welcome. How was the journey?
How's everybody? (≤ƒyí∫ûªç.
v°æߪ÷ùç á« ïJ-TçC? Åçü¿®Ω÷ á«
ÖØ√o®Ω’?)
Sasir: Fine. Thank you. How are you and your
people? (èπ◊«≤ƒ. O’®Ωç-û√ «í∫’-Ø√o®√?)
Harsha: Fine too. You appear travel weary. I
suggest we go home and you take
rest. (èπ◊«-≤ƒØË. †’´¤y v°æߪ÷ù •úø-Léπapple
Ö†o-ô’d-Ø√o´¤. ÉçöÀ-Èé∞«lç, †’´¤y Nv¨»çA
BÆæ’éÓ.)
(travel weary = v°æߪ÷ù •úø-Léπ)
Sasir: I certainly am. Three hours on flight
followed by a whole day's train journey.
Quite tedious. Where are you
going to put me up? (Å´¤†’ Eï¢Ë’. Ø√
•Ææ áéπ\úø à®√p-ô’-îË-¨»´¤?)
Put some body up = äéπ-JéÀ •Ææ à®√pô’ îËߪ’ôç
Harsha: Where else? At my home. You stay
there. You feel absolutely at home.
(ÉçÈé-éπ\úø. ´÷ ÉçöapplexØË. Åéπ\úË Öçúø’. F´éπ\úø
°æ‹Jh Ææyûªç-vûªçí¬ Öçúø-´îª’a.)
Sasir: Thank you. No other suits me so well.
But I am here on my company's business.
I can stay at any expensive
hotel at company's expense.
Harsha: True. I understand that, but we can't
have each other's company. No more of
it. Let's drive home at once. (Eï¢Ë’, Ø√éπ-
®Ωn-´’-®·çC, é¬E ´’E-ü¿l®Ωç éπL-Ææ’ç-úø‰ç éπü∆?
Éçé¬ N≠æߪ’ç Ç°æ¤. ÉçöÀ-Èé-∞«lç-°æü¿ ¢ÁçôØË.)
Sasir: As you please. At the same time I want
you to be my guest for a day. So I'll
move to a good hotel tomorrow night
and stay there till the day after. (F É≠æ dç.
Å®·ûË †’--¢Ìyéπ\ ®ÓVèπ◊ Ø√ ÅA-C∑í¬ Öçúø’.
鬕öÀd Í®°æ¤ ≤ƒßª’çvûªç ØËØË-üÁjØ√ Hotel èπ◊
¢Á∞¡û√, á©’xçúÕ ´®Ωèπÿ Åéπ\úø Öçö«.)
Harsha: Oh come on Sasir. You stay the whole
time with me. (ÅüËç é¬ü¿’. †’´¤y ´÷
ÉçöapplexØË Öçúø’.)
Sasir: You are at it again- playing the good
host and entertaining company. But
you deprive me of the money I can get
from my company. (´’Sx ÅüË °æE îËÆæ’h-
Ø√o´¤ – ´’ç* ÇAü∑∆u-Eo*a ÊÆo£œ«-ûª’-©èπ◊
Ææ®Ωü∆ îËߪ’ôç. Å®·ûË Å« îËߪ’ôç ´©x
company †’ç* Ø√éÌîËa úø•’s éÓapplepßË’ô’d
îËÆæ’h-Ø√o´¤.)
playing = ´÷´‚©’ Å®Ωnç Çúøôç. ÉC-´’-†ç-ü¿-JéÃ
ûÁ©’Ææ’. Playing Åçõ‰ äé𠧃vûª §Ú≠œç-îªúøç ÅE
èπÿú≈. NTR played Lord Krishna in a number
of movies = NTR î√« *vû√applex éπ%≠æflg-úÕí¬ †öÀçî√úø’.
Eï @N-ûªçapple†÷ àüÁjØ√ §ƒvûª†’ E®Ωy-£œ«çîªôç,
play. Playing the good host = ´’ç* ÇAü∑¿u-N’-îËa-¢√úÕ
§ƒvûª §Ú≠œç-îªúøç– ´’ç* ÇAü∑¿uç ÉîËa-
¢√-úø’í¬ Öçúøôç.
Entertain - D†®Ωnç – NØÓü¿ç éπL-Tç-îªôç. Ééπ\úø
Å®Ωnç; ÅA-ü∑¿’-©†’, Éûª-®Ωvû√ ÉçöÀ-éÌ-îËa-¢√-∞¡x†÷
îª÷Ææ’-éÓ-´úøç.
He is good at entertaining company =
ûª†èπ◊ company ÉîËa ¢√∞¡x†’ Åûª†’ «í¬
îª÷Ææ’-èπ◊ç-ö«úø’.
Don't entertain him = Åûª-EûÓ Â°ô’d-éÓ-´ü¿’l.
(ÅûªEûÓ áèπ◊\-´í¬ ÊÆo£æ«çí¬ Öçúø-´ü¿’l/ Åûª-EéÀ
’´¤ É´y´ü¿’l ÅE.)
Harsha: I'd hear no more of it. You are staying
the whole time with me. That's all. (؈’
ÉçÍéç N†ü¿-©’--éÓ-‰ü¿’. †’´¤y Ééπ\-úø’-
†oçûªÊÆ°æ‹ ´÷ ÉçöapplexØË Öçô’-Ø√o´¤. ÅçûË.)
Sasir: OK. By the way, how's our old friend
and Police inspector Sankar? (ÆæÍ®.
ÅC-Ææ-Í®-í¬E ´’† §ƒûª N’vûª’úø’ Police
inspector Sankar á« ÖØ√oúø’?)
Harsha: Busy as always- trying to catch criminals
at large. Right now he is after a
bank robber gang. (á°æp-öÀ-«Íí BJ-éπ-‰èπ◊çú≈
ÖØ√oúø’– ûª°œpç-èπ◊ A®Ω’-í∫’-ûª’†o ØË®Ωí¬∞¡x
¢Ëôapple. É°æp-öÀ-éÀ-°æ¤púø’ Bank †’ éÌ©x-íÌöÀd†
´·®∏√†’ °æô’d-èπ◊ØË v°æߪ’-ûªoçapple
ÖØ√oúø’.)
Sasir: He is at his best when he is out hunting
criminals. I've heard he is going to
be awarded one of the police awards.
(ØË®Ω-í¬-∞¡x†’ °æô’d-èπ◊ØË v°æߪ’-ûªoçapple Ææ´’-®Ωnçí¬
´u´-£æ«-J-≤ƒhúø’. Åûª-E-ÍéüÓ police medal
´Ææ’hç-ü¿E NØ√o†’.)
Harsha: So he is. We are really happy about it,
aren't we? (Å´¤†’, ´’†èπ◊ î√« ÆæçûÓ-
≠æçí¬ ÖçC éπü∆?)
Sasir: Convey my congrats to him. On my
next visit I'll meet him. (Åûª-EéÀ Ø√
Congrats îÁ°æ¤p. ØËF-≤ƒJ ´*a-†-°æ¤púø’
ÅûªEo éπ©’-Ææ’-èπ◊ç-ö«†’.)
☺ ☺ ☺ ☺
Spoken English apple at ûÓ ´îËa expressions
îª÷Ææ’hØ√oç éπü∆? É°æ¤púø’ ´’J-éÌEo expressions.
Look at the following expressions from the
dialogue above.
1) You feel absolutely at home.
2) I can stay at any hotel at company's
expenses.
3) At the sametime I want you to be my guest
for a day.
4) You are at it again.
5) Busy... always trying to catch criminals at large.
6) He is at his best when he is out hunting criminals
1) You feel absolutely at home:
At home Åçõ‰ ûÁ©’-Ææ’-éπü∆– á´JE í∫’Jç*
´÷ö«xúø’ûª’Ø√o¢Á÷ ¢√∞¡x Éçöapplex ÅE.
a) He is at home in the evenings =
≤ƒßª’çvû√©’ Åûª†’ (¢√∞¡x) ÉçöapplexØË Öçö«úø’.
b) They left their children at home =
¢√∞¡x °œ©xLo ¢√∞¡x Éçöapplex ´C-‰-¨»®Ω’.
(Spoken English apple ≤ƒüµ∆-®Ω-ùçí¬– In my
house, In their house, etc., ÅE ņ®Ω’, at
home Åçö«®Ω’.)
'At home' èπ◊ Ééπ\úÕ Å®Ωnç: ÅA-ü∑¿’-©ûÓ– ´÷ Éçöapplex
àç ÆæçéÓ-îª-°æ-úÌü¿÷l/ O’ ɉx ņ’éÓçúÕ/ ¢Á·£æ«-´÷ô-°æ-úÌü¿’l/
É•sçC °æúÌü¿’l – ÅE îÁ°æpúøç.
Feel at home during your stay = †’´¤y-†oç-ûª-
ÊÆ°æ‹ àç ¢Á·£æ«-´÷-ô-°æ-úø-èπ◊çú≈ free í¬ Öçúø’.
(ÅA-C∑ûÓ ÅØË ´÷ô) (É•sçC °æúÌü¿’l/ É•sç-Cí¬
feel Å¢Ìyü¿’l.)
I am quite at home here = Ø√éÀ-éπ\úø éÌûËhç ÅE-
°œç-îª-ôç-‰ü¿’. «í¬ ≤˘éπ-®Ωuçí¬ ÖçC. àç É•sç-
Cí¬ ‰ü¿’.
'At home' èπ◊ ÉçéÓ Å®Ωnç, à °æØÁjØ√ î√« ûËLí¬_
îËߪ’-í∫-©-í∫úøç/ à subject Å®·Ø√ «í¬ Å®Ωnç îËÆæ’éÓ-í∫-©-í∫úøç.
a) He is quite at home with maths =
Åûª†’ í∫ùÀûªç «í¬ îË≤ƒhúø’.
b) She is at home with singing that kind of
songs =
Å«çöÀ §ƒô©’ §ƒúøôç Ç¢Á’èπ◊ Ææ’©µºç.
2) I can stay at any hotel at
company's expense.
At someone's expense: äéπJ
úø•’sûÓ/ ê®Ω’aûÓ.
a) I am staying in this hotel at
my company's expense =
Company ê®Ω’aûÓ ØËF hotel
apple ÖØ√o.
b) Ministers, MLAs, MPs and government offi-
cials travel and enjoy all kinds of comforts at
public expense = ´’çvûª’©’, MLA ©’, MP ©’,
v°æµº’ûªy ÅCµ-é¬-®Ω’©’ v°æñ«-üµ¿-†çûÓ v°æߪ÷-ù«©’
îË≤ƒh®Ω’, ÅEo ®Ω鬩 Ææ’ë«©÷ ņ’-µº-N-≤ƒh®Ω’.
c) I went there at my own expense = Ø√ úø•’s
ê®Ω’a °ô’d-èπ◊ØË Øˆ-éπ\-úÕéÀ ¢Á∞«x†’.
3) At the same time =
äéπ Å®Ωnç– ÅüË/ äÍé Ææ´’-ߪ’çapple.
You are at it again
You can't be talking and listening at the same
time. äÍé Ææ´’-ߪ’çapple ´÷ö«x-úøôç, N†ôç îËߪ’-‰´¤.
Ééπ\úÕ Å®Ωnç– Å®·ûË (but) ÅE.
a) He did help me, of course; at the sametime
he hasn't repaid the money he has borrowed
from me = Ø√èπ◊ Ææ£æ…-ߪ’-¢Á’iûË î˨»úø’, Å®·ûË Ø√
ü¿í∫_®Ω BÆæ’èπ◊†o Å°æ¤p Ø√éÀçé¬ îÁLxç-îª-‰ü¿’.
b) Her voice was good, at the same time her
accent was horrible = Ç¢Á’ íÌçûª’ «í¬ØË ÖçC,
Å®·ûË Ç¢Á’ Öî√a-®Ωù ´÷vûªç ü∆®Ω’ùç.
c) She was able to pay the bill, at the same
time she was angry at the bill amount = Bill
îÁLxç-îª-í∫-L-TçC Ç¢Á’, Å®·ûË bill Åçûª °ü¿l ¢Á·ûªhç
Å´ôç Ç¢Á’èπ◊ éÓ°æç ûÁ°œpç-*çC.
4) You are at it again = †’´¤y ´’Sx ÅüË îËÆæ’h-Ø√o´¤.
be at it = îËÆœçüË ´’Sx îËߪ’ôç.
a) You are at it again - eating sweets, though
the doctor told you not to = ´’Sx ÅüË îËÆæ’h-Ø√o´¤
B°œ Açô÷, Doctor ´ü¿lØ√o èπÿú≈.
b) He is at it again. He has cut class and gone
to a movie = ´’Sx ÅüË îËÆæ’h-Ø√oúø’– Class áíÌ_öÀd
ÆœE-´÷-Èé-∞«xúø’.
5) Busy ... always trying to catch criminals
at large = ûª°œpçèπ◊ A®Ω’-í∫’-ûª’†o ØË®Ω-í¬-∞¡x†’ °æô’déÓ-´-ôçapple
busy í¬ ÖØ√oúø’.
at large = ûª°œpç-èπ◊ A®Ω’-í∫’-ûª’†o (ØË®Ω-í¬∞¡Ÿx,
vèπÿ®Ω´’%í¬©’ «çöÀN)
a) The suspected murderer of the child is still at
large = Ç Gúøf†’ îªç°œ† ´uéÀh ņ’èπ◊çô’†oûª†’
Éçé¬ °æ®√Kapple ÖØ√oúø’.
b) The bank robbers are still at large = Bank
éÌ©x-íÌ-öÀd† ¢√Rxçé¬ °æ®√Kapple ÖØ√o®Ω’/ §ÚM-Ææ’-©-éÀçé¬
*éπ\-‰ü¿’/ ûª°œpç-èπ◊ A®Ω’-í∫’-ûª’-Ø√o®Ω’.
c) The people in the village are scared of a
panther at large = Ç ví¬´’ v°æï©’ v°æ´÷-ü¿-éπ-®Ωçí¬
A®Ω’-í∫’-ûª’†o *®Ω’-ûª-°æ¤-L í∫’Jç* µºßª’-°æ-úø’-ûª’-Ø√o®Ω’.
Panther = *®Ω’-ûª-°æ¤L. scare = µºßª’ç éπL-Tç-îªôç.
6) He is at his best when he is out hunting
criminals = ØË®Ω-Ææ’n-©†’ ¢Ëö«úË N≠æ-ߪ’çapple ÅûªE
íÌ°æp-ûª†ç îª÷°œ-≤ƒhúø’/ •ßª’-ô-°æ-úø’-ûª’çC.
at one's best = äéπJ íÌ°æpûª†ç •ßª’-ô-°æ-úøôç.
He is at his best while acting tragic roles = ü¿’”ê
§ƒvûª©’ †öÀç-îª-ôçapple ÅûªE íÌ°æp-ûª†ç îª÷°œ-≤ƒhúø’.
tragic = ü¿’”ê-°æ‹-Jûª¢Á’i†.
role = (Ø√ô-鬩’/ ÆœE-´÷applex) §ƒvûª.
Exercise: Match words under A with their
meanings under B
A: 1. cunning 2. disgrace 3. kernel 4. omen
5. offspring
B: A. portent B. dishonest C. children D.
shame E. central part (of an idea) F. geyser.
KEY: 1.B 2.D 3.E 4.A 5.C.
v°æ¨¡o: ¢√é¬u-applexE Ø√©’í∫’ ®Ωé¬--©’, °æü∆© Å´’-J-éπ†’
í∫’-Jç-* -N-´-Jç-îªí∫-©®Ω’.
– Èé. ¢Áçéπ-õ‰-¨¡y®Ω’x, éπKç-†-í∫®˝
ï-¢√-•’:
Four kinds of sentences.
1) Statement
2) Questions- two kinds of questions:
i) 'wh' questions (questions beginning with
what, when, where, why, how etc)
ii) Non 'wh' questions- questions without
'wh' words like what, when, where, etc.
3) Imperative sentences. (orders, requests, etc)
4) Exclamations- sentences expressing surprise/
any sudden feeling.
Word order (order of words) in the different
kinds of sentences.
1) Statement:
eg: He is my friend
Word order: He (subject) + is (verb) + my
friend
Word order of a statement: Subject + verb
That is, in a statement, the subject comes
first and the verb next.
2) Questions - Word order.
a) Wh questions:
i) Where is he?
Word order: Where (Wh word)
+ is (verb) + he (subject)
ii) Where are you going?
Word order: Where (Wh word) + are
(Helping verb) + you (subject) + going?
(Main verb). If a verb has two or more
words in it, the first word is the helping
verb, and the other words, the main verb.
b) Non wh questions:
i) Are they here? Word order: Are (verb) +
they (subject) + here
ii) Are they coming? Word order: Helping
Are (Helping verb) + they (subject) +
coming? (Main verb)
Question word order:
i) Wh word + verb + subject
ii) Wh word+Helping verb+subject+Main verb
iii) Verb + subject
iv) Helping verb + subject + Main verb
Difference in the word orders of statement
and question: A statement has
always the subject before the verb. A question
(whether wh question or non wh question)
has verb before the subject, or the subject
after the helping verb (subject in
between the helping verb and the main verb)
3) Imperative sentence: orders/ requests, etc.
In all these sentences, the subject is
always, you, which is not mentioned.
eg: i) (you) get out
ii) (you) please come in.
Word order: (You) - subject + get (Verb)
4) Exclamations: Sentences expressing surprise
or sudden feelings:
a) What a leader he was! (He was a very
great leader.)
Word order: What (wh word) + a leader
(noun) + he (subject) + was! (verb)
b) How tall he is! (= He is very tall)
Word order: How (wh word) + tall (adj) +
he (sub) + is! (verb)
c) How slowly he walks! (He walks very
slowly)
Word order: How (Wh word) + slowly
(adverb) + he (sub) + walks! (verb)
So the word order in an exclamation:
Wh word + Noun/ Adjective/ adverb + sub
+ verb.
These are word orders in the 4 kinds of
sentences.
- M. SURESAN

-Ç-C-¢√®Ωç 25 °∂œ-v•-´-J 2007 Ñ-Ø√-úø’ £j«-ü¿®√-«-ü˛ 2
-Ççí∫x-µ«-≠æ-ù 278
Subhash: Oh ... you are back. What a relief! I
missed you a lot during your absence and lot
has happened since you left. (Å´÷t... AJ-íÌî√a¢√.
áçûª £æ…®·í¬ ÖçüÓ! †’´¤y ‰†-°æ¤úø’ E†’o
î√« miss Åߪ÷u. î√« ïJ-TçC èπÿú≈.)
Prabhas: I missed you too. I am happy to be
back. (E†’o èπÿú≈ ؈’ miss Åߪ÷u. AJ-íÌ-*a-†çü¿’èπ◊
ÆæçûÓ-≠æ-°æ-úø’-ûª’Ø√o.)
Subhash: There was a lot of back biting here
about you. People were saying behind your
back, things they dare not say in your presence.
(F ¢Á†éπ F í∫’Jç* áEo ´÷ô-©-Ø√o®Ó. F
´·çü¿’ üµÁj®Ωuçí¬ îÁ°æp-‰E ´÷ô©’ F ¢Á†éπØ√o®Ω’.)
Prabhas: Who said all that and what did they
say? Didn't you try to check them? (á´®Ω’ Å«
ņoC? à´’-Ø√o®Ω’? ¢√∞¡x†’ †’´¤y Ç°æ-ú≈-EéÀ v°æߪ’-
Aoç-îª-‰ü∆?)
Subhash: I was backing you up whenever they
indulged in backbiting about you. But none
could stop them. (¢√∞¡Ÿx F í∫’Jç* îÁúø’í¬ ´÷ö«xúø’-ûª’çõ‰
E†’o ؈’ Ææ´’-Jn-Ææ÷hØË ÖØ√o. é¬E ¢√∞¡x†’
á´®Ω÷ Ç°æ-‰-éπ-§Ú-ߪ÷®Ω’.)
indulge in = àüÁjØ√ îÁúø’ °æE-îË-ߪ’ôç
Indulge in drink = û√í∫ôç
indulge in vice = ´uÆæ-Ø√-©èπ◊ apple•-úøôç
indulge in violence = üˆ®Ωb-Ø√u-EéÀ §ƒ©p-úøôç
Prabhas: I now know who they are it must be
Rohit and Roshan. I know the reason too. (Ç
... É°æ¤púø’ ûÁL-ÆœçC ¢√∞Îx-´®Ó.. ®Ó£œ«û˝, ®Ó≠æ-Ø˛„j
Öçú≈L. ††’o ¢√∞¡Ÿx Aôd-ú≈-EéÀ 鬮Ωùç èπÿú≈
ûÁ©’Ææ’.)
Subhash: You've guessed a right. But why? (F
Ü£æ« ÆæÈ®jçüË. é¬F áçü¿’èπ◊ Å« Aö«d®Ω’ E†’o?)
Prabhas: They wanted me to recommend
them for inclusion in the team. They are very
poor players and so I couldn't. They continued
to pester me and I told them to get off my
back. That must have offended them. (Team
apple îË®Ω’a-éÓ-´-ú≈-EéÀ ¢√∞¡x†’ Æœ§∂ƒ®Ω’q îËߪ÷-©-Ø√o®Ω’.
¢√∞¡Ÿx ´’ç* players 鬮Ω’. Åçü¿’-éπE ؈’ ¢√∞¡x†’
recommend îËߪ’-‰-éπ-§Ú-ߪ÷†’. Å®·Ø√ ¢√∞¡Ÿx ††’o
°‘úÕç-îª-ôçûÓ, ††’o NÆœ-Tç-îª-´-ü¿lE í∫öÀdí¬ îÁ§ƒp†’.
ÅC ¢√∞¡xèπ◊ éÓ°æç ûÁ°œpç* Öçô’çC.)
pester = üËE-éÓ-Ææ-¢Á’iØ√ äéπ-JE °‘úÕç-îªôç
Subhash: Correct. They were saying a lot
many things about you. But at the back of
their minds there perhaps was the feeling that
they had been ignored. (¢√∞ÏxüÓ î√« ÅØ√o®Ω’
é¬E, •£æ›¨» ¢√∞¡x ´’†-Ææ’apple ûª´’†’ ÖÊ°-éÀ~ç-î√-®Ω†o
µ«´ç ÖçúÕ Öçúø-´îª’a.) But I think Ramana is
behind all this, egging them on. é¬F ¢√∞¡x†’
È®îªa-íÌ-úø’ûª÷, DE ¢Á†éπ ®Ω´’ù ÖØ√o-úøE ؈-†’-éÌçô’Ø√o.
egg on = È®îªa-íÌ-ôdúøç.
Prabhas: Why perhaps? That is exactly at the
back of their mind. (áçü¿’-éπ«? ÅÆæ-©üË ¢√∞¡x ´’†-
Ææ’apple Ö†o ÅÆæ-©-®·† µ«´ç.)
Subhash: Now that you've come back you can
talk to them and settle things. (†’´¤y AJ-íÌ-î√a´¤
鬕öÀd ¢√∞¡xûÓ ´÷ö«xúÕ ÅFo °æJ-≥ƒ\®Ωç îËÆæ’-éÓ-´îª’a.)
Prabhas: OK. Let's see.
☺ ☺ ☺ ☺
°j Ææ絫-≠æ-ùapple back ûÓ Ö†o expressions í∫´’-
Eç-î√®Ω’ éπü∆. Natural conversational English apple
back, back ûÓ ´îËa expressions î√«ØË ÖØ√o®·.
ÅN î√« ûª®Ω’-îª’í¬ ¢√úø-û√®Ω’. Back Åçõ‰
´÷´‚©’ Å®√n©’ ´’†ç-ü¿-Jéà ûÁ©’Ææ’. ¢Á†éπ ÅØË Å®Ωnç
î√« ≤ƒüµ∆-®Ωùç. back Åçõ‰ O°æ¤ ÅE èπÿú≈ éπü∆?
He carried the bag on his back=
Ç Ææç*E ûª† O°æ¤ O’ü¿ ¢Á÷¨»úø’.
back Åçõ‰ ¢Á†éÀ\ ÅØË Å®Ωnç èπÿú≈ ÖçC éπü∆.
He took it back with him =
Åûª†’ ü∆Eo ¢Á†éÀ\ BÆæ’-Èé-∞«xúø’ (AJT BÆæ’-Èé-∞«xúø’)
èπ◊Ka, sofa «çöÀ ¢√öÀapple ´’†ç dž’-èπ◊ØË ¢Á†é𠵫í∫ç
èπÿú≈ back. She leant on the back of the chair=
Ç¢Á’ èπ◊Kaapple dž’-èπ◊E èπÿ®Ω’açC. (The back of sofa)
ÉN ´’†apple î√«-´’ç-CéÀ ûÁL-Æœ† 'back' Å®√n©’.
Back èπÿ, behind èπÿ ûËú≈: Back Åçõ‰ ¢Á†-éπ-¢Áj°æ¤.
a) He sat at the back of the bus =
Bus apple ¢Á†-éπ-¢Áj°æ¤ èπÿ®Ω’a-Ø√oúø’.
b) There was a small car behind the bus =
Bus ¢Á†éπ ã *†o car ÖçC.
(´’†ç î√«-≤ƒ®Ω’x ¢Á†éπ ÅØË Å®ΩnçûÓ back side ÅE
éÌçûª-´’çC ņôç Nçô’çö«ç. back èπ◊, back side
èπ◊ î√« ûËú≈ ÖçC. back Åçõ‰ ûÁL-ÆœçüË – ¢Á†éπ
ÅE, backside Åçõ‰ ÆæÈ®j† Å®Ωnç °œ®Ω’-ü¿’©’)
At the back side of the room there was a dog
Åçõ‰ ´îËa £æ…≤ƒu-Ææp-ü¿-¢Á’i† Å®Ωnç Ö£œ«ç--éÓçúÕ.
Room èπ◊ back side Öçúøü¿’. At the back of the
room there was a dog = Room apple ¢Á†éπ ã èπ◊éπ\
ÖçC. There was a dog at his back = ÅûªE ¢Á†éπ
èπ◊éπ\ ÖçC. There was dog behind the bus - bus
¢Á†éπ (bus apple é¬ü¿’) ã èπ◊éπ\ ÖçC)
É°æ¤púø’ back ûÓ ´îËa ´’J-éÌEo expressions îª÷ü∆lç.
Look at the following sentences from the
conversation at the beginning of the lesson:
1) You are back/ I am happy to be back
2) There was a lot of back biting about you
3) I was backing you up
4) Ramana is behind all this
5) I told them to get off my back
6) But at the back of their minds was the feeling
that they had been ignored.
1) You are back/ I am happy to be back. Ééπ\úÕ
phrase, be back = ¢Á†-éÀ\-®√-´ôç/ AJ-T-®√-´ôç.
a) My father was back from Tirupathi yesterday
´÷ Ø√†o E†o A®Ω’-°æA †’ç* AJ-íÌ-î√a®Ω’.
b) When will you be back?
†’´¤y ´’Sx á°æ¤púø’ AJ-íÌ-≤ƒh´¤?
c) I leave for college at 10 and am back home
at 4 = °æCç-öÀéÀ college éÀ ¢Á∞¡-û√†’, Ø√©’-Tç-öÀéÀ
AJ-íÌ-≤ƒh†’. (Back home Åçõ‰ î√©’. Back to
home ûª°æ¤p. Back at home Åçûªí¬ ¢√úø®Ω’)
2) There was a lot of back biting about you
= †’´¤y ‰†-°æ¤púø’ F í∫’Jç* (Fèπ◊ ûÁL-ߪ’-èπ◊çú≈)
î√« îÁúø’í¬ ´÷ö«x-ú≈®Ω’.
a) Only a coward indulges in back biting = °œJ-éÀ-
¢√∞Ï} Éûª-®Ω’© °æ®Ó-éπ~çapple îÁúø’í¬ ´÷ö«x-úø’-ûª’ç-ö«®Ω’.
(coward = éıÅú˛ – éı ØÌéÀ\ °æ©’-èπ◊û√ç
= °œJ-éÀ-¢√®Ω’)
b) He does a lot of back biting about every
body = v°æA-¢√úÕ ¢Á†éπ ¢√∞¡xèπ◊ -ûÁ-L-ߪ’-èπ◊çú≈
á°æ¤púø÷ î√-« îÁúø’ Åçô’ç-ö«úø’.
3) I was backing you up =
E†’o ؈’ Ææ´’-JnÆæ÷h ÖØ√o†’.
back up = ´’ü¿l-A-´yôç/ Ææ´’-Jnç-îªôç
a) Krishna always backed up the Pandavas =
Xéπ%-≠æflg-úÁ-°æ¤p-úø÷ §ƒçúø-´¤-©ØË Ææ´’-Jnç-î√úø’.
b) If God could be seen, and if God were to
come down, he would back me up. üË´¤úø’
´’†èπ◊ éπ-E°œÊÆh, Çߪ’ØË CT ´ÊÆh, †ØËo Ææ´’-Jn-≤ƒhúø’.
c) She always backs her husband up = -Ç¢Á’
á°æ¤púø÷ ûª† µº®ΩhØË Ææ´’-Jn-Ææ’hçC.
(Back up Åçõ‰ ÉçéÓ Å®Ωnç –
Computer program -appleí¬-F,
Disk appleí¬F Ö†o Ææ´÷-î√-®√Eo
Copy îËߪ’ôç. The comput-
er program has been
backed up = Computer pro-
gram †’ °æ¤Ææh-éπç-appleéÀ copy
î˨»®Ω’.)
4) Ramana is behind all this = DE-¢Á-†éπ ®Ω´’ù
£æ«Ææhç ´¤çC.
to be behind = äéπü∆EéÀ 鬮Ω-ù-´’ßË’u ´uèπ◊h©’/
N≠æ-ߪ÷©’.
a) The Police are yet to know whose hand is
behind the Sanjhautha Express blast =
Ææç®Ωó¯û√ express Ê°©’∞¡x ¢Á†’éπ á´J £æ«Ææhç
ÖçüÓ police éÀçé¬ -ûÁ-L-ߪ’-ü¿’.
There was a lot of back biting ..
b) Maoists are behind the blasting of the police
station = Police station Ê°La-¢Ëûª ¢Á†’éπ ´÷N-Æˇd©
£æ«Ææhç ÖçC.
(Maoist - correct pronunciation: ´÷NÆˇd;
´÷¢Ó-ÉÆˇd é¬ü¿’.)
5) I told them to get off my back =
††’o °‘úÕç-îÌü¿’l/ ¢ËCµç-îÌü¿’l ÅE ¢√∞¡xûÓ îÁ§ƒp†’
(†ØÌo-C-„-ߪ’uç-úÕ ÅE îÁ§ƒp†’.)
a) Please get off my back. I can't give you any
money now =
É°æ¤púø’ †ØÌo-C-„ß˝’. FéÀ-°æ¤púËO’ úø-Gs-´y-‰†’.
á´-È®j† ´’†èπ◊ NÆæ’-í∫’-°æ¤-õ‰dç-ûªí¬ àüÁjØ√ ÅúÕ-TØ√
éÓ°æç ûÁ°œpç-*Ø√ Å°æ¤púø’ *é¬-èπ◊ûÓ ÅØË ´÷ô–
Please get off my back/ Get off my back.
b) Get off my back. Don't trouble me anymore
with your requests =
†ØÌo-C-‰-ߪ’çúÕ. O’ ŵºu-®Ωn-†-©ûÓ ††’o NÆœ-Tç-îª-éπçúÕ.
c) The tourist told the beggars to get off his
back =
Ç tourist Ç ´·≠œd-¢√-∞¡x†’ ¢ÁR}-§Ò-´’t-Ø√oúø’.
6) But at the back of their mind was the feeling
that they had been ignored =
¢√∞¡}†’ ©éπ~u-°-ôd-‰-ü¿†o µ«´ç ¢√∞¡} ´’†-Ææ’apple
ÖçC.
At the back of one's mind =
äéπJ ´’†-Ææ’qapple Ö†o Çapple-/ éÓJéπ/ ÖüËl¨¡ç,
etc.
a) At the back of his mind is his desire to be
elected =
ûª†’ áEo-éπ-¢√-©ØË éÓJéπ ÅûªE ´’†-Ææ’apple ÖçC.
b) His absence from the meeting is a surprise.
No one knows what is at the back of his
mind =
Åûª-E-¢√∞¡ Æ浺èπ◊ ®√éπ-§Ú-´ôç Ǩ¡a-®Ωu¢Ë’. ÅûªE
(´’†-Ææ’-appleE) ÖüËl¨¡ç á´-Jéà appleüµ¿°æ-úøôç-‰ü¿’.
EXERCISE
Match the words under A with their meanings
under B
A B
1. Delicious A. bodily (of the body)
2. explode B. raise
3. embrace C. burst
4. lift D. hug
5. physical E. tasty
F. tender
G. scientific
KEY: 1-E 2-C 3-D 4-B 5- A.
v°æ¨¡o:
Could you draw a 'thumbnail sketch' of
what you mean by that? Talk about the
issue of displacement and rehabilitation.
°j ¢√éπuç-appleE Thumb nail sketch èπ◊– ¢ËL
íÓöÀûÓ ¢ËÊÆ *vûªç– ÅE é¬èπ◊çú≈ ¢ËÍ® Å®Ωnç àüÁjØ√
Öçü∆? DEo á« Ö°æ-ßÁ÷-Tç-î√L?
–– N. Satyam Emerald, Adilabad.
ï¢√•’:
Thumb nail sketch Åçõ‰ Å®Ωnç O’®Ω-†oô’x
íÓöÀûÓ UÊÆ *vûªç ÅØË. Å®·ûË Give me/ Let
me have a thumb nail sketch of the person
you've met «çöÀ ¢√é¬uapplex D†®Ωnç – †’´¤y
éπ©’-Ææ’-èπ◊†o ´uéÀhE í∫’-Jç-* èπ◊x°æhçí¬ ´Jgç ÅE
– Ç ´uéÀh ®Ω÷°æç/ í∫’ù-í∫-ù«©’ ÅE.
The magazine gives thumbnail sketches of
the Padmasri award winners this year = Ñ
Ææç´-ûªq®Ωç °æü¿tX °æ¤®Ω-≤ƒ\-®√©’ §ÒçC† ¢√®Ωç-ü¿J
ÆæçéÀ~°æh N´-®√©÷ Ç magazine apple ÖØ√o®·.
v°æ¨¡o: Begin, Start, Commence èπ◊ ´’üµ¿u ûËú≈
ûÁ©-°æ-í∫-©®Ω’. Å«Íí lest ¢√úÕ-†-
°æ¤púø’ should ûª°æp-E-Ææ-Jí¬
¢√ú≈«? - M Prakasa Rao,
Visakhapatnam
ï¢√•’: Begin, start, commence
Ñ ´‚--úÕçöÀéÀ Å®√n©’
ü∆ü∆°æ¤ äéπõ‰. Å®·ûË commence
§ƒçúÕûªuç – bookish and formal. ´÷´‚©’
conversation apple Åç-ûªí¬ ¢√úø®Ω’. Begin, start
äéπü∆E•ü¿’©’ äéπöÀ ¢√úø-´îª’a ü∆ü∆°æ¤ ÅEo-îÓö«x.
Å®·ûË begin éπØ√o spoken English apple start
¢√úø-éπ¢Ë’ áèπ◊\´.
lest ûª®√yûª should ´Ææ’hçC, ‰èπ◊çõ‰ plain
infinitive ´Ææ’hçC.
a) He started early lest he should miss the
train = He started early lest he miss the
train. (He ûª®√yûª should ‰èπ◊çú≈ miss ÅE
plain infinitive ®√´ôç í∫´’-Eç-îªçúÕ.)
b) He wore a sweater lest he should catch cold
= He wore a sweater lest he catch cold.
v°æ¨¡o:
i) A book exhibition is going to be held °æ¤Ææhéπ
v°æü¿-®Ωz† E®Ωy-£œ«ç-îª-•-úø’-ûª’çC (Future). -D-E-E A
book exhibition will be held ÅE ®√ߪ’-´î√a?
ii) 'To be' †’ particular í¬ á« ¢√úø-û√®Ω’?
ü∆E´·çü¿’ ´îËa verb à tense apple Öçú≈-L?
–– S. Nagamani, Beechupally
ï¢√•’: i) A book exhibition is going to be held;
A book exhibition will be held. Ñ È®çúø÷
future ØË ûÁ©’°æ¤-û√®·. Å®·ûË, will be held éπØ√o
going to be held ņôç áèπ◊\´ éπ*aûªç.
An exhibition will be held = E®Ωy-£œ«ç-îª-•-úø’ûª’çC.
(Åçûª-éπ-*aûªç é¬ü¿’)
An exhibition is going to be held = E®Ωy-£œ«ç-îª-
•-úø’-ûª’çC (éπ*aûªç – DE í∫’-Jç-* ÆæçüË£æ«ç ‰ü¿’)
ii) To be E future èπ◊ ¢√úøôç:
a) He is going to be/ will be here in a few days
(He is going to be ÅØËC, will be éπçõ‰ áèπ◊\´ éπ*aûªç)
b) The bride to be has yet to buy her saris =
é¬appleßË’ °Rxèπÿûª’®Ω’ ûª†

-´’çí∫-∞¡-¢√®Ωç 27 °∂œ-v•-´-J 2007 Ñ-Ø√-úø’ £j«-ü¿®√-«-ü˛ 1
Pradhan: What's the time now?
-Ççí∫x-µ«-≠æ-ù 279
Vardhan: Nine exactly by my watch.
(Ø√ ¢√î˝ v°æ鬮Ωç ûÌN’tü¿®·çC.)
by my watch = Ø√ ¢√î˝ v°æ鬮Ωç.
Pradhan: Nine already! How time flies! Thanks
for a well spent hour. I must rush to
office. I've (I have) a lot of back log
to clear. I suppose it will keep me
busy till the week end.
(Å°æ¤púË ûÌN’t-ü¿-®·çü∆. ã í∫çô-ÊÆ°æ¤
«í¬ í∫úÕ-°œ-†ç-ü¿’èπ◊ Fèπ◊ thanks. Ç°∂‘Æˇèπ◊
¢ÁRx§Ú-¢√L. Ê°®Ω’-èπ◊-§Ú-®·† °æE î√«
ÖçC. Åü¿çû√ Å´-íÌ-ö«dL. ü∆E-´©x Ñ
¢√®√ç-ûªç- ´-®Ωèπ◊ G@í¬ Öçö«-†E ņ’èπ◊çö«.)
well spent = «í¬ í∫úÕ-°œ†.
to clear = ÅÆæç-°æ‹-Jhí¬ Ö†o°æE-E -°æ‹Jh îËߪ’ôç.
Vardhan: You usually sweat it out. Why don't
you take it easy for a change.
(´÷´‚-©’í¬ †’´¤y î√« v¨¡´’-°æ-úø-û√´¤.
éπFÆæç ´÷®Ω’p-éÓ-Ææ--¢Á’iØ√ ã≤ƒ-JéÀ ûËLí¬_ BÆæ’éÓ-´îª’a
éπü∆?)
sweat it out= îÁ´’-öappleúÕa v¨¡´’-°æ-úøôç
Pradhan: What do you know? The boss is
always on our back; he forgets we
are understaffed. If I don't clear the
back log, I'll be shown the door. It's
as serious as that.
(ÅC °æ‹®Ωh-ßË’u-ü∆éπ ´÷ «Æˇ ´÷ ¢Áçô-°æúø’-ûª’ç-ö«úø’.
´÷èπ◊ Æœ•sçC ûªèπ◊\´ ņo
N≠æߪ’ç ´’Ja-§Ú--û√úø’. Ê°®Ω’èπ◊§Ú-®·† °æE
°æ‹Jh-îË-ߪ’-éπ-§ÚûË, ¢ÁRx-§Ò-´’tç-ö«úø’.
Ç N≠æߪ’ç Åçûª Æ‘J-ߪ’Æˇ.)
(To be) shown the door = •ßª’-öÀéÀ ¢Á∞¡x-´’-†ôç.
Vardhan: I thought your boss was the good
sort. (O’ «Æˇ ´’ç*-®Ωéπç ņ’-èπ◊Ø√o.)
sort = type = ®Ωéπç
Pradhan: Good Sort! No other boss can be as
nasty as he. Most of us at the office
will be very glad to see the back of
him.
(´’çî√! à «Æˇ èπÿú≈ Åçûª ü¿’®√t-®Ω’_úø’í¬
Öçúøúø’. ´÷ Ç°∂‘-Æˇapple î√«´’çC
Åûªúø’ ¢ÁRx-§ÚûË ÆæçûÓ-≠œ-≤ƒh®Ω’.)
Nasty = ü¿’®√t-®Ω_-¢Á’i†.
Vardhan: Perhaps your pay is good.
(O’ @ûªç «í¬ØË Öçô’ç-ü¿--†’èπ◊çö«)
Pradhan: Who'd grudge if the pay were as
good as the work? what we get is a
pittance.
(v¨¡´’èπ◊ ûªí∫_/ °æEéÀ Ææ´÷-†-¢Á’i† @ûªç
Öçõ‰ á´®Ω’ Ææù’-í∫’-û√®Ω’? ¢Ë’ç§Òç-üËC
î√« ûªèπ◊\´.)
pittance = î√« ûªèπ◊\´ úø•’s. - °œö¸Ø˛q– '°œ—
ØÌéÀ\ °æ©’-èπ◊û√ç
Vardhan: Then demand a rise.
(°çîª-´’E úÕ´÷çú˛ îËߪ’çúÕ.)
A rise=°ç°æ¤
Pradhan: We did and they conceded. But they
have back tracked on their offer of a
20% rise in wages.
(¢Ë’ç úÕ´÷çú˛ î˨»ç. ߪ÷ï-´÷†uç ÅçUéπJç*çC.
é¬-F 20 ¨»ûªç ¢Ëûª-Ø√© °ç°æ¤
N≠æ-ߪ’çapple ¢√Rx-*a-†-´÷ô O’ü¿ ¢Á†éÀ\
¢Á∞«x®Ω’/ ´÷ô-´÷-®√a®Ω’)
concede (éπØ˛-Æ‘ú˛) = Ææ´’t-Aç-îªôç (úÕ´÷çú˛
«çöÀ ¢√öÀéÀ).
Vardhan: Why so? (áçü¿’-éπE?)
Pradhan: We demanded that they raise the
pay from a back date, but they
wouldn't. They wanted to avoid paying
us the back wages.
(¢Ë’ç í∫ûªç †’ç* °çîª-´’Ø√oç. é¬F ¢√∞¡Ÿx
(ߪ÷ï-´÷†uç) ÅçU-éπ-Jç-îª-‰ü¿’, í∫ûªç
†’ç* °ç*-†ç-ü¿’-´©x ´îËa •é¬®· ¢Ëûª-
Ø√©’ áíÌ_-ôd-ö«-EéÀ)
Vardhan: Yea; now I remember. I read about
the trouble in your company in the
back number of a finance journal.
(Ç... Ø√èπ◊ í∫’®Ìh-≤ÚhçC. O’ éπç°F
vô•’¸ †’ í∫’Jç* àüÓ ÇJnéπ °ævAé𠧃ûª
Ææç*-éπapple îªC-¢√†’.)
Pradhan: You're right. It must be the
December issue of it. OK. I must be
going. See you.
(†’´¤y îÁ°œpçC éπÈ®Íéd. ÅC úÕÂÆç-•®Ω’
Ææç*éπ Åߪ·uçú≈L. ؈’ ¢Á∞«}L. éπ©’≤ƒh)
[ [ [
Spoken English apple back ûÓ ´îËa ÅA≤ƒüµ∆-®Ωù¢Á’i†
expressions †’ í∫’Jç* ûÁ©’-Ææ’-èπ◊ç-ô’Ø√oç éπü∆.
Now look at the following sentences from
the dialogue above.
1) I've a lot of back log to clear
2) The boss is always on our back
3) Most of us at the office will be glad to see the
back of him.
4) They have back tracked on their offer
5) We demanded that they raise the pay from a
back date...
6) They wanted to avoid paying us back wages.
1) I've a lot of back log to clear =
Ê°®Ω’èπ◊§Ú®·† °æE °æ‹Jh îËߪ÷Lq ÖçC.
back log = (°æE «çöÀN) Ê°®Ω’-èπ◊-§Ú-®·-†N.
a) In every LPG shop/ gas agency, there is a
lot of back log, So you'd (you had) better
book in advance.
(v°æA gas agency apple†÷ É°æp-öÀÍé book îËÆæ’èπ◊†o
î√«-´’ç-CéÀ Ææ®Ω-°∂æ®√ îËߪ÷Lq ÖçC. Åçü¿’éπE
´·ç-üË Cylinder †’ book îËÆæ’-éÓ-´ôç
´’ç*C. (Éçûª´®Ωèπ◊ book îËÆæ’èπ◊E ÖØ√o cylinder
E Éçé¬ §Òçü¿-E-¢√∞¡Ÿx, back log Ééπ\úø))
b) The back log of applicants for the issue of
licences is yet to be cleared. So I'd better
apply now so that I can get the licence three
months later .
(Éçûª´®Ωèπ◊ „jÂÆØ˛q éÓÆæç ü¿®Ω-ë«Ææ’h °ô’d-èπ◊†o
¢√∞¡x ñ«Gû√ °æ‹®Ωh´-‰ü¿’. ؈’ É°æ¤púË Å°kx îËÊÆh
´‚úø’ ØÁ©©-ÈéjØ√ ´Ææ’hçC.)
2) The boss is always on our back
(´÷ «Æˇ á°æ¤púø÷ ¢Áçô-°æ-úø’-ûª’ç-ö«úø’ °æE îË®·çîª-ö«-EéÀ.)
be on some one's back = ÅüË°æEí¬ äéπJ
¢Áçô-°æúÕ °æE-îË-®·ç--éÓ-´ôç/ §Ú®Ω’-°-ôdúøç.
a) My dad's on my back about getting married.
So I am seeking a job in a distance place.
(°R} îËÆæ’-éÓ-´’E ´÷ Ø√†o äéπõ‰ §Ú®Ω’ °úø’-ûª’-
Ø√oúø’. Åçü¿’-éπE àüÁjØ√ ü¿÷®Ω v§ƒçûªçapple ÖüÓu-í∫ç
éÓÆæç v°æߪ’-Ao-Ææ’hØ√o.)
b) She was on her husband's back about costly
jewellery. He ran into debts to satisfy her.
(êK-üÁj† †í∫© éÓÆæç µº®Ωh†’ §Ú®Ω’-°-õ‰d-Ææ-JéÀ, Ç¢Á’
éÓJéπ B®Ωa-ú≈-EéÀ Åûªúø’ Å°æ¤p-©-§ƒ-©-ߪ÷uúø’.)
3) Most of us will be glad to see the back of
him.
(Åûªúø’ ¢ÁRx-§ÚûË îª÷Æœ ÆæçûÓ-≠œç-îË-¢√∞¡Ÿx ´÷ Ç°∂‘Æˇ
apple î√«-´’çC ÖØ√o®Ω’.)
glad to see the back of something/
someone=
äéπ®Ω’ ¢ÁRx-§Ú-´ôç/ äéπ N≠æߪ’ç
Åçûª-´’-´ôç îª÷Æœ ÆæçûÓ-≠œç-îªôç.
a) Who won't be glad to see
the back of corruption.
(ÅN-FA Åü¿%-¨¡u-´’-´ôç á´-J-éÀ-≠æ dç-
‰ü¿’?)
b) Every opposition leader will be glad to see
the back of ruling party.
(v°æB N°æ-éπ~-ØËûª ÅCµ-é¬-®Ωçapple Ö†o §ƒKd ¢ÁRx-§Ú-´ú≈Eo
£æ«J{-≤ƒh-úø’.)
c) He was glad to see the back of the guest.
(ÅAC∑ ¢ÁRx-§Ú-´ôç îª÷Æœ Åûªúø’ ÆæçûÓ-≠œç-î√úø’.)
4) They have back tracked on their offer.
(¢√Rx-≤ƒh-´’†o ´÷ô E©-„-ô’d-éÓ-‰ü¿’ ¢√∞¡Ÿx.)
Back track on offer/ promise/ word =
É´yôç/ ¢√í¬l†ç/ ´÷ô E©-„-ô’d-éÓ-éπ-§Ú-´ôç
I've a lot of back log to clear
a) The party has back tracked on the policy of
free power for all the farmers.
(È®jûª’-©ç-ü¿-Jéà Ö*ûªNü¿’uû˝ Nüµ∆†ç ´÷ô E©-„-ô’déÓ-‰ü∆
§ƒKd/§ƒKd ´÷ô´÷JaçC/ ´÷ô
ûª°œpçC.)
b) He back tracked on his word of pardon.
(éπ~N’-≤ƒh-†E ņo´÷ô†’ Åûªúø’ E©-„-ô’d-éÓ-‰ü¿’.)
5) We demanded that the raise of wages
from a back date.
(§ƒûª ûËD †’ç* ¢Ëûª-Ø√©’ °çîª-´’E úÕ´÷çú˛
î˨»ç.)
Back date = í∫ûªçapple äéπ ®ÓV/ ûËC.
a) Raju wanted the teacher to issue him a certificate
with a back date.
(§ƒûªûË--C ¢ËÆœ† ÆæJd-°∂œ-Èéö¸ É´y-´’E ®√V öÃîª-®˝†’
éÓ®√úø’.)
b) Kumari issued a cheque carrying a back
date. (èπ◊´÷J §ƒûªûËDûÓ Ö†o îÁé˙†’ É*açC.)
6) They wanted to avoid paying us back
wages .
(§ƒûªûËD †’ç* ¢Ëûª†ç É´yôç áíÌ_-ö«d-©E ņ’èπ◊-Ø√o®Ω’.back
wages = (Back date †’ç* Å´’-
„j† @-ûªç •é¬-®·©’.)
a) The court struck down his removal from service
and ordered the company to pay him
back wages.
(ÅûªúÕE ÖüÓuí∫ç †’ç* ûÌ©-Tç-îªôç éÓ®Ω’d éÌõ‰d-
ÆœçC; @-ûªç •é¬-®·-©†’ îÁLxç-îª-´’çC.)
b) He spent the back wages on his daughter's
marriage.
(ûª† @ûªç •é¬-®·-©ûÓ èπÿûª’J °Rx î˨»úø’.)
7) back number =
äéπ °ævAéπ í∫ûª Ææç*-éπ†’ back number Åçö«ç.
a) I came across your photo in one of the back
numbers of the magazine.
(Ç °ævAé𠧃ûªÆæç*-éπ© äéπü∆ØÓx F§∂Òöapple îª÷¨»†’.)
b) Kumar could not get the back number of the
magazine.
(-´÷uí∫-@-Ø˛ §ƒûªÆæç*éπ- èπ◊´÷-®˝èπ◊ áéπ\ú≈ üÌ®Ω-éπ-
‰ü¿’.)
Exercise
Match the words under A with their meanings
under B
A B
1) Rural A) small
2) quiet B) of villages
3) harm C) calm
4) polite D) hurt
5) minute E) simple
F) courteous
G) complicated
Key: 1.B; 2.C; 3.D; 4.F; 5.A.
-v°æ¨¡o: i) Shopping ÅØË °æü¿ç á« °æ¤-öÀdç-C?
ii) I saw/ I did see applex àC éπÈ®èπ◊d?
iii) Miss, Mister, Mrs °æü∆-©èπ◊ plural îÁ°æpçúÕ.
–-Å-L-¨Î-öÀd ≤ƒy-N’-ü∆Æˇ, ---A---§ƒp-ߪ’°æ-Lx, éπ-Kç-†í∫®˝.
ï¢√•’: i) shop Åçõ‰ ü¿’é¬ùç éπü∆. ü¿’é¬ùç/
Åçí∫öapplex ´Ææ’h-´¤©’ éÌçö«ç 鬕öÀd shopping
Åçö«ç. a) shop = ü¿’é¬ùç/ Åçí∫úÕ
b) shop = ü¿’é¬-ùçappleE ´Ææ’h-´¤©’ é̆úøç.
a) I bought these things at/ in that shop =
Ç ü¿’é¬-ùçapple Ñ ´Ææ’h-´¤©’ éÌØ√o.
b) Only when we have money we can shop =
úø•’s-†o-°æ¤púË ´Ææ’h-´¤©’ é̆-í∫©ç.
ii) Miss, Mrs, Mr. - OöÀéÀ plural Ê°®Ωxèπ◊ ´·çü¿’
¢√úø®Ω’. ¢√úø-éπçapple ‰ü¿’. Å®·ûË Mr èπ◊ plural
Messrs ÅE ÖçC. é¬E DEE M/s í¬ company
© Ê°®Ωx ´·çü¿’ – ÅC èπÿú≈ company ©
Ê°®Ω’x ´uèπ◊h© Ê°®Ω’xí¬ Öçõ‰ØË ¢√úø-û√®Ω’.
eg: M/s Gopal and Krishna, M/s Syamlal &
Sons, «çöÀN. Company Ê°®Ω’x,
´uèπ◊h© Ê°®Ωxapple ‰†-°æ¤púø’ Messrs
¢√úøç. iii) I saw, I did see - È®çúø÷
correct. I saw (the movie last
night) = ؈’ îª÷¨»†’. I did see
(the movie...) = ؈’ îª÷¨»†’ ÅE ØÌéÀ\
îÁ°æpôç. (؈’ îª÷úø-éπ-§Ú-´ôç àN’öÀ? éπ*aûªçí¬
îª÷¨»†’ ÅØË Å®ΩnçûÓ)
I did see him go out = Åûª†’ •ßª’-öÀéÀ ¢Á∞¡xôç
؈’ îª÷¨»†’ – îª÷úøôç ߪ’ü∆®Ωnç.
v°æ--¨¡o: éÀç-C-¢√-öÀéÀ -ûË-ú≈ --ûÁ-©°æç-úÕ.
1. Passenger - traveller
2. Attender - Attendant
– Èé. Å°æp-©-Ææ÷J, N¨»-ê-°æôoç
ï¢√•’: Traveller ÅØ√o passenger ÅØ√o ûÁ©’í∫’apple
v°æߪ÷-ùÀ-èπ◊úø’ ÅØË Å®Ωnç ´Ææ’hçC. Traveller
Åçõ‰ ûª®Ωîª÷ v°æߪ÷-ù«©’ îËÊÆ-¢√úø’ ÅØË Å®ΩnçûÓ
English apple áèπ◊\´í¬ ¢√úø-û√®Ω’. ÅçûË-é¬-èπ◊çú≈
´÷´‚-©’í¬ v°æߪ÷-ùÀ-èπ◊úø’ ÅØË Å®Ωnç èπÿú≈ ÖçC.
Passenger Åçõ‰ v°æߪ÷-ùÀ-èπ◊úË. Å®·ûË àüÁjØ√
v°æߪ÷ù ≤ƒüµ¿†ç (car, bus, train) «çöÀ ¢√öÀapplex
v°æߪ÷-ùÀ-èπ◊úø’ ÅE. ÉC î√« ´·êu¢Á’i† ûËú≈. passenger
á°æ¤púø÷ v°æߪ÷ù ≤ƒüµ¿-†çapple ÅD ûª†’
drive îËߪ’-èπ◊çú≈ ÉçÈé-´-È®jØ√ drive îËÊÆ ¢√£æ«-†çapple
¢Á∞Ïx ¢√úøE Å®Ωnç.
Passengers Åçü¿®Ω÷ travellers é¬F travellers
Åçü¿®Ω÷ passengers 鬆-éπ\-®Ω-‰ü¿’ éπü∆.
ii) Attendant Åçõ‰ ؈éπ®Ω’. shops, parking
areas (¢√£æ«-Ø√©’ EL-Ê°-îÓô’x–•£œ«-®Ωçí∫ v°æüË-¨»applex)
customers èπ◊ ÊÆ´-©ç-CçîË ¢√∞¡⁄x, íÌ°æp £æ«Ùü∆applex
Ö†o-¢√--∞¡Ÿx, ´·Ææ-L-¢√-∞¡Ÿx ´uéÀh-í∫ûª¢Á’i† ÊÆ´-©ç-Cç-îË-¢√∞¡Ÿx
(ü∆ü∆°æ¤ ÊÆ´-èπ◊©’) attendants.
Å®·ûË Â°j Å®ΩnçûÓ India apple attender ÅØË ´÷ô
¢√úø’-ûª’çö«ç. é¬F standard spoken or written
English apple ؈éπ®Ω’, ÊÆ´-èπ◊úø’ ÅØË Å®√n-©ûÓ attender
ÅØË ´÷ô ¢√úø®Ω’. äéπ Ææçü¿-®√s¥-EéÀ £æ…ï®Ω’
(attend) ÅßË’-u¢√-∞¡xØË attenders Åçö«®Ω’ standard
English apple.
a) She is a regular attender at these music
concerts = Ñ §ƒô éπîË-K-©èπ◊ Ç¢Á’ véπ´’ç ûª°æpèπ◊çú≈
£æ…ï-®Ω-´¤-ûª’çC.
b) There wasn't any attendant to take care of
the blind passenger = Ç Åçüµ¿ v°æߪ÷-ùÀèπ◊úÕE
îª÷Ææ’-éÓ-ú≈-EéÀÈé´®Ω÷ ؈éπ®Ω’/ ÊÆ´-èπ◊úø’ ‰úø’.
(á´J Ææ£æ…ߪ’ç ‰èπ◊çú≈ØË v°æߪ÷ùç î˨»úø’)
c) Blind passengers are allowed to take an
attendant free on the train = Åçüµ¿ v°æߪ÷-ùÀèπ◊©’
ûª´’ Å´-Ææ-®√-©†’ îª÷Ææ’èπ◊ØË ¢√JE È®j∞¡xapple
Ö*-ûªçí¬ BÆæ’Èé∞¡x´îª’a .
- M. SURESAN