N.Z. MARINE DEPARTMENT-FISHERIE,S BULLETIN No. .į

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inlancl lakes, but no recorcls were kept of such transfers. However, there are recorcls of apparently abortive attempts to establish the freshwater pra\\¡n (xiphocaris) irr the lower poltion of the Selwyr-r River, in Canterbury,*and at various titles fronr 1908 onwarcls in Lakes Rotorua and Taupo. More recently smelts (Rdtroþittna s1.) were transferred fr-on Lake Rotorua to Lalecies appear to offer very limite
with incligenons forms only where they rvill clisplace fort'ns of little use or when they will r-ecluce wastage by shortening food chains. Instances which follow are given for purposes of illustration, and are based on general impressions rathel than o1 the n1ore caleful surveys lr,hich 'nvoulcl be ttecessary to warrant specific recommendations. IJupublishecl notes by Professor E. Percival on plankton collected by him ancl the writer in 17 lakes in the Sor-rth lsland show that there is much clifference i¡ the clelsity ancl composition of the plankton fauna of these I'vaters. Where, as appears somltiroes to be the case, indigenous flshes fail to llecome sufñciently 1r.*.r..ou, to n.rake efÊcient use of the planktor-r resources, there is a prima facie case for iltrocllcing small fishes capable of converting ll1ore plankton into foocl for trotr.t of meclium and large sizes. Diatolr ar-rcl detrital feecling crllstaceans are abundautly representecl in brackislr coastal lakes, such as Ellesmere ar-rcl \Maituna, by the phantotn shrimp (Tenaç¡orttStsis) ancl in the Tomal-rawk La¡;oons by a highly localizecl solv-bug (Asellus?). The fi-esl11vater pr:awn (Xiþhocaris) is generally n-ruch restrictecl to the vicinit¡' oi tidat waters, except in siow-fi'Lowing streams in the northefn portion of the <strong>No</strong>rtlr Islancl. Although incligenous shrimps (Ganmtarus sþp.) are solxetimes founcl in small numbers, there is a paucity in nost inlancl watefs of crustaceans interrnecliate in size between the small watef-fleas (Parocollioþe sþþ') and t1-re freshwater crayfishes (Paraneþh,rctlrs sþlr). Among the freshwater sl-rrin-rps, scuds, ancl water-lice or sorv-bugs of Europe ancl l{orth Atlerica, known to be useful as trout foocl, species n-ray possibly be found capable of thriving anci providing foocl for trout of intern-rediate size hele. The o¡11, pond snails which are wiclely distributecl and abttnclaut in l{ew Zealancl are of smalf size. They are conslllnecl by inanga (G. ottenuatøs) ancl to a limitecl extent by bullies (Gobiomorþt'ms .sþþ.) ar-icl by trout. The only large native acluatic snail (i/I etan,oþsis sp.) is a heavily-she1lec1 form, and much restricted in its clistrib¡tiou. There appear to be lakes ar-rcl stal¡le rvaters where the large Europeau species Linn'taea stagrialis (alreacly introduce
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.ç N.Z. MARINE DEPARTMENT-FISHERIE
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Ito -il ,A f { I { tIô i N E W ZEA
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t ta t CONTENTS Part L-Historical I
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? e CONTENTS-Continued' DNiInonuBNr
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Plate t, Text LIST OF' ÍLLUSTRATIO
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PART I Historical INTRODUCTION 1.ur
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(15)Hitherto,restrictionsonangling,
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the transference of fish and had to
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187G80-Releases of brown trout were
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have been successfully introducecl
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poltv'ef, alx1 have clisclntgecl wa
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Reference to forest fires causing h
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shadowed urater, and that the penet
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occurred fairly generally, may be n
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ö drainage has led, it is said, to
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The existing laws, which are a strr
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years ago" from the Lee. In 1883 he
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Orcti Ri 11 (St|. Is.) bct¡-een Di
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eaches of the Oreti the fish were o
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iÀr River !Vaipa.hi ....'. tt Slia
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N) \o River Lure Period 1880-18m' 1
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CHA}{GE I}f SIZE OF TROUT-SOUTH ISL
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fr) River Lure Period 1880-1890 189
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(¡ of sorle inadequacy of specific
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fallen in inverse proportion to the
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without a corresponding decrease 'o
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the Waipahi, increase in numbers bu
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\iVhile the number of anglers has i
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cent. in the smaller east and west
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Data from the special licensing are
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(Above) I)rought conditions at Quad
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PART II Recent Management of Fisher
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important sources of income in the
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v aim 'is solely one of transfer, i
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the same as the number of eggs stat
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û Exclusive of Taupo and Rotorua t
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handled where eggs are collected, a
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Í- stage.Subsequentlosses,aSgivenl
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L The reports of the Ballarat Fish
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J be seen, when abnormal losses are
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'] as -to losses in two lots of bro
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715,000 fish distributed. This numb
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which those estimates were based an
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CONSTRUCTION OF SPAWNING REDDS OF B
Page 89 and 90: A con-iparison of losses recorded i
Page 91 and 92: to time, abnormal flooding, occurri
Page 93 and 94: It .n,otrlcl appear fronr the facts
Page 95 and 96: 'I'he fìoocl-trrcached rack in thc
Page 97 and 98: oclies has been devotecl to recorcl
Page 99 and 100: In 1935, which was a peak collectin
Page 101 and 102: of the examìnation ol 2,883 birds
Page 103 and 104: stations in the country in a year.
Page 105 and 106: fry of rainbow trout recorded as re
Page 107 and 108: Ë eggs. The "bag" of the other rvh
Page 109 and 110: (t seasons, have used stationary li
Page 111 and 112: t PART III Recent Investigational W
Page 113 and 114: LAKE ALEXANDRINA_SOUTH CANTERBURY O
Page 115 and 116: TABI-E XIX Duration of Species Size
Page 117 and 118: ti 't becoming available. The short
Page 119 and 120: - is nothing to srlggest that any s
Page 121 and 122: S-inch fingerlings can be pr:oducec
Page 123 and 124: -ì has shown that the estimated to
Page 125 and 126: ,t Its contributiori to the èatch
Page 127 and 128: Discussion The various overseas stu
Page 129 and 130: there are fundamental biological re
Page 131 and 132: lnanagement to leave well alone anc
Page 133 and 134: f of the lakes, where, in the absen
Page 135 and 136: RIVER POLLUTION-Thc photographs ill
Page 137 and 138: If man is to improve the fertility
Page 139: excess, but to the quantity of t.he
Page 143 and 144: -È-' e tial increase of trout. Con
Page 145 and 146: here. At present, it is justifiable
Page 147 and 148: t- of fish from streams. Under tr)r
Page 149 and 150: Setti;rg an cel baskct u'hcrc it is
Page 151 and 152: It will be observed from the forego
Page 153 and 154: d as the present v/fiter has on the
Page 155 and 156: Environment Improvement-Physical LI
Page 157 and 158: (3) \A/here the deficiency of cover
Page 159 and 160: esselltial. Because, r,vith excessi
Page 161 and 162: ,.) in rivers of considerable size
Page 163 and 164: ( 1) The relative al,seuce of angle
Page 165 and 166: !r'i11 not necessarily be the optim
Page 167 and 168: fo¡gariro lìivcr-Iì¿unous rainL
Page 169 and 170: ¿> lin,it to llin. would result in
Page 171 and 172: egulations can have no general sign
Page 173 and 174: tìature of this iure nc¡r the rno
Page 175 and 176: è organization in the provision of
Page 177 and 178: larger ones. However, larger societ
Page 179 and 180: L G o 4 equitably to obtain a more
Page 181 and 182: ç o ç ,) of negative interpretati
Page 183 and 184: 0 õ o paid in licence fees, can le
Page 185 and 186: I ,} o ê REFERENCES Arrrl, K. R. (
Page 187 and 188: I Jl f Neeouau, Peur, R., & Slerr*.
Page 189 and 190: J I APPENDIX A The 1941 Census of t
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!L 't ,APPENDIX B Interference with
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fl tf -ì APPENDIX C Injuries to Tr
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APPENDIX D Claims of Success of Hat
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å t.: I -'l t ta ¡ ,} f (3) Cessa
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maxirnum'density. It is possible al
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N.Z. MARINE DEPARTMENT-FISHERIE,S BULLETIN No. .į

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