N.Z. MARINE DEPARTMENT-FISHERIE,S BULLETIN No. .į

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Trr a series o[ Soutl-r Islancl waters, where the size-limit is 10 in., and iu a [ew, inclucli¡g the Manawattl ancl three tributaries in the <strong>No</strong>rth lsland, where it is 11 in., cor.ìsideration of the size distribution of fish caught indicates i; what immecliate loss anglers would suffer for a problematical gairr if the size-linit were increasecl. In Tahle XXIV are set out for various waters the samples of fish taken lt1, anglers, the nreau lengths of legal fish, the percentages of fish falling into the 10in. ancl 11in. groups ancl the total percentage of legal frsh taken of less than l?in. in length. River Opihi \Maiwera '...... Taieri Kakanui Pomahaka Shag Mahinerangi (Lake) \Maipahi Catlins Manawatu Makakahi, Mangatainoka, Mangahao Mataura Wyndham TABI,E XXIV Percentage of fish' Percentage of <strong>No</strong>. of Mean Length Group Legal Fish lrout in Inchei 10 in, 11 in. uncler 12 in' 300 t2.2 16.7 31.0 47.7 90 13.0 22.2 24.4 46.6 66 13. 1 27 .3 24.3 5 1 .6 774 13.1 9.3 27.0 36.3 198 13.3 14.6 19.2 33.8 266 13.4 16.2 15.8 32'O 10s r4.2 5.8 19.4 25.2 151 15.3 6.6 9.9 1ó.5 378 15.4 0.s 5.8 6.s +07 16.3 ? 2.2 ? 72+ 16.6 ? 78 r7.0 ? 165 l7.4 ? 1.5 ? 2.6 ? 1.2 ? Clutha ...... 253 19'1 0.0 0.4 0.4 These data show, with an increase of average size, a progressive recluction in the proportion of small fish which would be affected by a change of size limits' Ttrey suggest that, where, with a lirnit of 10 or 11in., the average size of legal fish is about ß.5 in. or greater, the size limitation does neither appreciable good to the stock nor appreciable harm to the anglers' immediate interests. While it is clear that where th" "lr"tug" size is less than, say, 15 in. substantial quantities of frsh woulcl have to be returnecl if size lirnits were raisecl, there is no clear evidence at this stage that the interests of stocks generally-and thus tl-re long-terr¡ interests of anglers-woulcl be well served by such changes' It is possible that changes might in some cases be beneficial, but there is at present no evidence on that point' BAG LIMITS Recorcls of 2,677 claily angling.excursions of anglers in the Aucklancl, Wellington, ancl Otago districts show that 494 trips yielded no fish. While the success of clifferent in
egulations can have no general significance in protecting stocks. Bag limits rnay, however, have some effect on the activities of a few individual anglers of exceptional skill who also possess exceptional opportunities. Such a one was the late Neil McKay, who lived on the banks of the Oreti River and whose angling days called for a minimum wastage of time in travelling. In fishing to a limit of 30 fish per day in ten seasons up to and including 1927-8, he took 4,270 trout on 315 days. He took 19 bags of none to 5 fish, 98 of 6 to 10,97 of 11 to 15, 53 of 16 to 20, 22 o1 2l to 25, and 26 oÍ 26 to 30. The limit in Southland is now 15 fish. If it had applied in McKay's day, it would have compelled a saving of 16.8 per cent. of the fish he took. The liouthland limit was dropped in stages; when it was 25 fish, diaries of anglers of more than usual skill and opportunity show only two limit bags in 427 outings. The subsequent reduction of the lir¡it to 15 would have saved only 2.8 per cent. of the fish they took. In Otago, only two limit bags; of 20 trout were reported by different anglers in 1,033 successful outings. Of. 2,637 fish taken, only 27 would have been saved if the bag limit hacl been 12 instead of 20. In the Kakanui, in the Waitaki district, in 575 successful outings during rvhich 1,688 trout were taken, there was only one limit bag of 15 fish. \Mhere the limit bag is such that it can be obtained occasionally by an angler making an additional effort, the bag limit tends to defeat its object by providing an incentive to extra effort. This is well demonstlated by records of McKay's angling in the Oreti in a period when there was a daily lir-nit of 30 fish. The number of times he took Írorn 2l to 30 fish were successively as follows : 2I frsh, 7 tirnes; 22 frsh,3;23 fish,5;24 frsh,4;25 frsh,3;26 and 27 fr.sh, O;28,7; 29 fr.sh, 3; and 30 fish on 22 occasions. Records of 76A successful angiing trips in the Weliington district, where the daily limit is 12 lìsh per day, shorv 16 bags of 8 fish each,6 of 9 fish, 7 oÍ. l0 fish, none of 11 fish, and yet 12 limit bags. The percentages of daily bags of different sizes in difierent districts are shown in Table XXV. Data have been condensed by grouping bags of three successive sizes. To facilitate cornparison, all bags of over 12 frsh have been included in the group of 10 to 12 fish. In the last two lines of tl-re table are shown the numbers of fish comprising bags in each size group, u'ith the uttmbers of such bags in parentheses, and, finally, the percentage of total ñsh falling into each grotlP. TAIJLD XXV X,I ean T;"u:t'"1.::,¡i,,13'f'"u"ïïÌ ,,ïå!ii,' "åi'å;,1 District. 1 to 3. 4 to 6. 7 to 9. 70 to 72. of bags. per bag. Auckland 80.9 15.b '2.7 0.E 508 2.4 Wellington ...... 70.9 20.3 0.3 2.5 760 3.0 waitaki 69.5 24.3 -t.3 1.9 575 2.9 Otago 67.8 22.4 7.l 2.7 85+ 3.1 Southland 55.6 21.8 8.7 13.9 +37 4.6 Total fisl-r 3,796 3,085 1,445 1,521 (2,t6e) (660) ( 186) ( 11e) Percentage...... 38.5 31.3 14.7 15.5 If the Wellington daily lirnit of 12 frsh had operatecl in the other districts. thc excess of frsh over this liruit would have been only 93, or 0.9 per ccnt. of tlte total Fisheries bulletin (N.Z. Marine Dept.) no. 9 (1948) LI¿t7
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.ç N.Z. MARINE DEPARTMENT-FISHERIE
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Ito -il ,A f { I { tIô i N E W ZEA
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t ta t CONTENTS Part L-Historical I
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? e CONTENTS-Continued' DNiInonuBNr
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Plate t, Text LIST OF' ÍLLUSTRATIO
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PART I Historical INTRODUCTION 1.ur
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(15)Hitherto,restrictionsonangling,
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the transference of fish and had to
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187G80-Releases of brown trout were
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have been successfully introducecl
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poltv'ef, alx1 have clisclntgecl wa
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Reference to forest fires causing h
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shadowed urater, and that the penet
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occurred fairly generally, may be n
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ö drainage has led, it is said, to
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The existing laws, which are a strr
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years ago" from the Lee. In 1883 he
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Orcti Ri 11 (St|. Is.) bct¡-een Di
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eaches of the Oreti the fish were o
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iÀr River !Vaipa.hi ....'. tt Slia
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N) \o River Lure Period 1880-18m' 1
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CHA}{GE I}f SIZE OF TROUT-SOUTH ISL
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fr) River Lure Period 1880-1890 189
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(¡ of sorle inadequacy of specific
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fallen in inverse proportion to the
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without a corresponding decrease 'o
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the Waipahi, increase in numbers bu
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\iVhile the number of anglers has i
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cent. in the smaller east and west
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Data from the special licensing are
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(Above) I)rought conditions at Quad
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PART II Recent Management of Fisher
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important sources of income in the
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v aim 'is solely one of transfer, i
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the same as the number of eggs stat
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û Exclusive of Taupo and Rotorua t
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handled where eggs are collected, a
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Í- stage.Subsequentlosses,aSgivenl
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L The reports of the Ballarat Fish
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J be seen, when abnormal losses are
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'] as -to losses in two lots of bro
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715,000 fish distributed. This numb
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which those estimates were based an
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CONSTRUCTION OF SPAWNING REDDS OF B
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A con-iparison of losses recorded i
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to time, abnormal flooding, occurri
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It .n,otrlcl appear fronr the facts
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'I'he fìoocl-trrcached rack in thc
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oclies has been devotecl to recorcl
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In 1935, which was a peak collectin
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of the examìnation ol 2,883 birds
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stations in the country in a year.
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fry of rainbow trout recorded as re
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Ë eggs. The "bag" of the other rvh
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(t seasons, have used stationary li
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t PART III Recent Investigational W
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LAKE ALEXANDRINA_SOUTH CANTERBURY O
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TABI-E XIX Duration of Species Size
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ti 't becoming available. The short
Page 119 and 120: - is nothing to srlggest that any s
Page 121 and 122: S-inch fingerlings can be pr:oducec
Page 123 and 124: -ì has shown that the estimated to
Page 125 and 126: ,t Its contributiori to the èatch
Page 127 and 128: Discussion The various overseas stu
Page 129 and 130: there are fundamental biological re
Page 131 and 132: lnanagement to leave well alone anc
Page 133 and 134: f of the lakes, where, in the absen
Page 135 and 136: RIVER POLLUTION-Thc photographs ill
Page 137 and 138: If man is to improve the fertility
Page 139 and 140: excess, but to the quantity of t.he
Page 141 and 142: with incligenons forms only where t
Page 143 and 144: -È-' e tial increase of trout. Con
Page 145 and 146: here. At present, it is justifiable
Page 147 and 148: t- of fish from streams. Under tr)r
Page 149 and 150: Setti;rg an cel baskct u'hcrc it is
Page 151 and 152: It will be observed from the forego
Page 153 and 154: d as the present v/fiter has on the
Page 155 and 156: Environment Improvement-Physical LI
Page 157 and 158: (3) \A/here the deficiency of cover
Page 159 and 160: esselltial. Because, r,vith excessi
Page 161 and 162: ,.) in rivers of considerable size
Page 163 and 164: ( 1) The relative al,seuce of angle
Page 165 and 166: !r'i11 not necessarily be the optim
Page 167 and 168: fo¡gariro lìivcr-Iì¿unous rainL
Page 169: ¿> lin,it to llin. would result in
Page 173 and 174: tìature of this iure nc¡r the rno
Page 175 and 176: è organization in the provision of
Page 177 and 178: larger ones. However, larger societ
Page 179 and 180: L G o 4 equitably to obtain a more
Page 181 and 182: ç o ç ,) of negative interpretati
Page 183 and 184: 0 õ o paid in licence fees, can le
Page 185 and 186: I ,} o ê REFERENCES Arrrl, K. R. (
Page 187 and 188: I Jl f Neeouau, Peur, R., & Slerr*.
Page 189 and 190: J I APPENDIX A The 1941 Census of t
Page 191 and 192: !L 't ,APPENDIX B Interference with
Page 193 and 194: fl tf -ì APPENDIX C Injuries to Tr
Page 195 and 196: APPENDIX D Claims of Success of Hat
Page 197 and 198: å t.: I -'l t ta ¡ ,} f (3) Cessa
Page 199 and 200: maxirnum'density. It is possible al
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N.Z. MARINE DEPARTMENT-FISHERIE,S BULLETIN No. .į

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