Unmanned Systems Integrated Roadmap FY2011-2036 - Defense ...

7.4.5.4 Encryption
Unmanned Systems Integrated Roadmap FY2011-2036
Unmanned systems incorporation of data encryption includes National Security Agency
(NSA) Type 1 (for protection of classified and unclassified information) or Federal Information
Processing Standards (FIPS) Publication 140-2 certified solutions (for sensitive but unclassified
information). 51 Several encryption solutions exist (e.g., Type 1 systems) for protection of
unmanned systems communications (see DODI 4660). Numerous other policies and initiatives
are under development within the NSA to significantly streamline the certification processes and
reduce costs. 52 Future encryption solutions (2015) will inherently contain Suite B (public)
encryption algorithms 53 to allow for secure classified information sharing with coalition and
friendly forces. Additionally, an increasing number of encryption solutions will be based on such
concepts as open standards for remote management; dynamic group keying (to support machineto-machine
information exchanges), common radio and system agnostic cryptographic interfaces
(e.g., improving cryptographic component reuse and portability); software-based solutions for
protection of classified data; 54
multifunctional single-chip data-in-transit and data-at-rest
encryption; and single-chip all-encapsulated encryption modules (e.g., encrypt/decrypt/random
key generation/key management).
7.4.5.5 Multiple Input, Multiple Output (MIMO) Systems
MIMO is a proven technology and is currently being used in commercial fourth generation
(4G) wireless systems which have standards calling for a minimum of 100 Mbps for train and car
speeds and 1 Gbps for stationary and walking speed. 55
MIMO combines information theory,
FEC coding, signal processing, propagation theory, and consequently the mathematics behind
MIMO and space-time coding is complicated. MIMO would utilize multiple paths (although not
necessarily independent) with lower data rates on each path; apply space-time coding and
capacity optimization to achieve a total high data rate mission; apply power saving to jammer
margin; and evaluate performance in benign and stressed conditions.
With further improvements in E-discovery, interface design, and adaptive protocols, selfforming
and self-healing mesh networks may enable unmanned systems to operate in multiplatform,
multi-sensor type networks.
7.4.5.6 Protected Communications
In general, unmanned systems have been predominantly operated in benign environments.
However, efforts are addressing improvements that are required to enable such systems to have
assured and secure communications when operating in contested environments. These efforts
leverage LPI, LPD, and Anti Jamming (AJ) activities that are underway in other communication
systems developments. When moving UMS operations into contentious environments, a
51
Source: Memorandum from NII, Subject: Cryptographic Methods for Protection of Unmanned Aircraft (UAS)
Wireless Communications, 6 August 2003.
52
Management Directive 17, (U) Requirements for the Pilot Implementation to Develop Information Assurance
Government Off-The-Shelf (GOTS) Secret and Below (SAB) Products and Commercial Solutions for Classified.
53
CNSSP 15, dated March 2010.
54
Ongoing efforts by NSA/I851.
55
The conditions in UAS applications are much different than those for commercial cell phones.
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