COTAC Conference on Training in Architectural Conservation Multi ...

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cooling and filtering, fire and intruder alarm detectors and sprinklers and dry risers. Electric lighting and power supply. Telephone and other wired installations including audio loop and speech reinforcement. b) Be able to design systems which, in order to respect the character of the building, 'may utilise components, that would usually be considered inefficient or uneconomical, i.e. air ducts with cross section six times as wide as high. c) Understand the local climate as it affects the building. d) Understand the physical and thermal characteristics of a building as a spatial structural environmental system. e) Organize close co-ordination with adjacent trades and existing systems (i.e. electric conduits must be separate from water pipes). Provide emergency auxiliary power for pressurization and fire-fighting. Advise on protection of structure and surroundings during construction. f) Obtain and approve specifications, obtain estimate, work with other consultants and contractors, supervise work in progress, work up and balance systems and settle contractor's accounts where necessary in the context of a main contract. g) Provide maintenance manual and schedule for owner's use. 6. For Conservation Special design skills and judgement are needed to obtain a balance of environmental skills which satisfy the different needs of occupants, contents and building fabric. Particular skills are required to utilise or harness the potential advantages of traditional buildings to meet modern standards; for example the effects of thermal mass and advantages of natural ventilation combined with shutters and blinds. a) Knowledge of the history of electrical and mechanical installations. b) Test and report on condition of existing systems and advise on refurbishment or renewal. c) Use skill in concealing new installations to avoid inappropriate intrusions. d) Understand air movement, deposition of pollutants, and condensation in historic building volumes. e) Find and absorb all available sources of information relevant to the monuments ensemble or site being studied. f) The Power Electrical Engineer (contributed by Gershil Kay). (Note. In some countries the Environmental Engineer would include this work.) (i) Get electric power from source to system without disrupting original design. (ii) (S)He should be aware of adjoining trades so that they communicate and are coordinated to avoid drawing one system in the space of another. (iii) Know how to install power into emergency systems so they last long enough under disaster conditions to get the occupants out (this may require more than the cheapest installation). (iv) Anticipate effects of man-made or natural disasters in the electrical installation (do not place crucial equipment where it will be immediately vulnerable to water). (v) Knowledge of existing products and imagination to adopt them to older buildings. (vi) Consult historian or architect on appropriate styles, if selecting light fittings. (vii) Careful documentation of as-built installation for future referral. (viii) Restrictions on penetration of original fabrics wherever possible (knowledge of interstitial space). 12
(ix) Knowledge of both old and new methods and systems to determine what can be reused and what cannot (most wiring must be renewed after thirty years). (x) Control of electric power distribution cables and transformers in environmentally sensitive areas. 7. With reference to ICOMOS Guidelines Para 5 sections c, d, e, f, g, h, i, k, l, m, are specially relevant. 10. Landscape Architect or Historic Gardens Conservators by Peter Goodchild 1. The professional expertise of Landscape Architects relates to the planning, coordination, design and management of outdoor spaces. The spaces may be extensive or small; they may be rural or urban areas; often they are associated with buildings or built development. The traditional elements with which the landscape architect works are landform and soil, plants and natural vegetation, water, views, paving and simple structures such as fences and walls. But all natural and man-made elements come within their scope because they are concerned with the character, appearance, layout and composition of outdoor spaces. This holistic approach carries with it a professional responsibility to promote the coordination of all the different aspects of the external environment, such as the uses, processes, interests and values that operate within it, which affect its character etc. Landscape architects must take into account both ecological and cultural interests. The latter include historical, aesthetic, associative and recreational values. 2. In general landscape architects must be able to contribute to the preparation of a brief and work to it; they must be able to formulate and clearly present proposals or advice in the form of drawings, written text and the spoken word; they must be able to supervise efficiently and effectively the execution of proposals. Where required they must be able to work as part of an interdisciplinary team. They must understand local climate, microclimate and soil conditions. They must also understand the cultivation of plants, including the safe use of fertilizers, herbicides, pesticides and other chemicals. Where a landscape architect is acting as an Historic Gardens Conservator or as an Historic Landscape Conservator, (s)he must be proficient in the relevant skills. 3. Historic Gardens Conservators are concerned with the conservation of historic gardens, parks, designed ornamental landscapes and the settings of historic buildings and monuments. Whether their original professional training is in Landscape, Architecture, Horticulture or some other relevant subject they should generally: a) Be familiar with the history of gardening and landscaping (including planting design) both as an art and as a craft. They must also be familiar with, or know how to find out about, the history of the different types of features, including plants, which are found in gardens and parks etc.. An understanding of the relationship of gardening and landscaping to other art forms, especially architecture, the graphic arts and literature, is important, so also is the relationship with the social and historical context in which a site was created or in which it developed to which the urban designer and planner can contribute. b) Be able to appreciate and observe with an objective, critical and historically informed eye all the elements of a site, including landform, earthworks, rocks, water features, plants, plantings, constructions, buildings, ornaments, sculpture, views, spaces and subterranean archaeological evidence. They must also appreciate and take an interest in the natural flora and fauna. 13
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COTAC Conference on Training in Architectural Conservation Multi ...

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