Nonwovens Glossary - INDA

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Garnett
The garnett is a fiber processing machine with a series of sawtooth wires that are much
coarser than found in a conventional carding system. The garnett process can reduce textile
waste, old clothing and assorted natural fibers to a fibrous feed that can be needlepunched.
Gas
A fluid having extreme molecular mobility and no fixed dimensions. It diffuses and expands
rapidly to occupy the space in which it is contained. It is the vapor or gaseous state of a
substance.
Geogrid
A grid-like material made from various polymers with generally large openings. The material
is used to stabilize soil, control erosion and occasionally used as fencing.
Geotextile
A permeable fabric used in civil engineering construction projects such as paving, dams,
embankments and drains for the purpose of soil stabilization, sedimentation control, erosion
control, support and drainage.
Glass fibers
Formed by extruding and attenuating molten glass. Glass fiber is brittle, which limits its use
to a small number of markets. The fiber has the characteristics of withstanding relatively high
temperatures of 280-300°C as well as poor heat conductivity and therefore major markets are
heat insulation and high temperature filtration. Its characteristics of resistance to mildew,
moisture and many oxidizing agents, solvents, alkalis and acids heightens its importance in
those end-uses. The fiber also has good electrical resistance properties.
Grab strength test
A measure of the “effective strength” of a fabric; i.e., the strength of fibers in a specific
width together with the additional strength contributed by adjacent fibers. Typically, grab
strength is determined on a four-inch wide strip of fabric, with the tensile load applied at the
midpoint of the fabric width through one-inch-wide jaw faces that are used to clamp the
fabric.
26 Nonwovens Glossary