ABSTRACT Title of dissertation: SLAVE LEGACIES, AMBIVALENT ...

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List of Maps: Maps 1a & 1b: Rio Parishes (freguesias), Nineteenth Century Map 2: Rio Parishes and the Houses of Correction and Detention c.1850 vii
List of Images: Image 1: Henry Chamberlain, “O mascate com seus escravos” Image 2: Henry Chamberlain, “Barraca do Mercado, Largo da Lapa” Image 3: Jean-Baptiste Debret, “Tobacco Vendors” Image 4: Jean-Baptise Debret, “Chicken Vendors” Image 5: Marc Ferrez, “Chicken Vendors” Image 6: Raul Pederneiras, “O china vendedor de peixe e camarão” Image 7: Jean-Baptiste Debret, ”Vendedoras de angu” Image 8: Marc Ferrez, “Vendedor de pão” Image 9: Marc Ferrez, “Funileiro” Image 10: Marc Ferrez, “Jornaleiros” Image 11: Augusto Malta, “Quiosque” Image 12: Marc Ferrez, “Quitandeiro” Image 13: “Vendedor higiênico e humanitário” Image 14: Morris N. Kohn, “Cadeira de engraxate” Image 16: Manoel Moreira Dias, “Aparelho auxiliar para carrocinhas a mão, Illapso” 1891 Image 17: Arthur Augusto Azevedo, “Vendedor Ambulante” 1897 Image 18: Manoel Antônio Guimarães, “Vendedor Ambulante Higiênico” 1902 Image 19: Manoel Antônio Guimarães, “Vendedor Ambulante Higiênico” 1902 Image 20: Jean-Baptiste Debret, “Engenho Manual” Image 21: Antônio Jaques Junot, “Engenho Locomóvel” 1888 Image 22: “Carrinho Francês,” Comércio de pão Image 23: Marc Ferrez, “Doceiro” Image 24: Joaquim Ferreira Mendonça, “Desenho-projeto para um novo sistema de caixa para venda de doces” 1908/9 Image 25: Arthur Pythagoras Toval Conrado, Jose Werneck Massena, Manoel Jose de Lacerda, “Caixa dupla e giratória para comércio volante” 1909 Image 26: Augusto Magalhães de Barros Vasconcelos, “Frigorífico Exelsior” 1898 Image 27: Carlos Freire Vilalba Alvim, “Novo sistema de açougues volantes, Açougues Volantes - Sistema Vilalba” 1890 Image 28: Benedito Novela da Silva, “Açougue ambulante” 1891 Image 29: Pedro Antonio Fagundes, “Carros para transporte e venda de carne verde e miúdos a domicílio, Sistema Fagundes” 1891 Image 30 a/b: João Victorino de Silveira Sousa Filho, João José Lopes Júnior, “Carroças e vasilhames para a condução de caldo de cana” 1891 Image 31: Valdemanr Flohr-Matthiessen, “Vendedor Automático” 1891 Image 32: Manoel Antônio Guimarães, “Modelo de vehiculos para venda ambulante de qualquer mercadoria” 1902 Image 33: Francisco Falconi, “Carreta Yvonette” 1906 Image 34: Augusto Fernandes Carreira, “Carro vitrine” 1906 Image 35: J.E. Coelho de Magalhães, “Carro à mão com guarda-chuva para botar anúncio” 1906 Image 36: Raul Pederneiras, “Casa de cômdos” c.1924 Image 37: Augusto Malta, “Largo do Capim” viii
Page 1 and 2: ABSTRACT Title of dissertation: SLA
Page 3 and 4: SLAVE LEGACIES, AMBIVALENT MODERNIT
Page 5 and 6: ii Para mamá y Elisabeth En memori
Page 7 and 8: school. I reserve my last words of
Page 9: List of Tables: Table 1: Distributi
Page 13 and 14: Introduction From Ganhadores to Amb
Page 15 and 16: commerce, and, on the other, transf
Page 17 and 18: egulation of street commercial acti
Page 19 and 20: At the turn of the century, after t
Page 21 and 22: century urban economy. 14 On the on
Page 23 and 24: sell on the street, and more so aft
Page 25 and 26: the street. Patron-client relations
Page 27 and 28: epressive conditions of their work
Page 29 and 30: strike and the process of labor org
Page 31 and 32: put a strain on State authorities t
Page 33 and 34: Ganhadores, peddlers, porters, shoe
Page 35 and 36: common reasons for arrest. As oppos
Page 37 and 38: the forefront of the debate over in
Page 39 and 40: The last and concluding chapter ana
Page 41 and 42: Chapter One Negros de Ganho: Africa
Page 43 and 44: ideology, relegating slaves and fre
Page 45 and 46: Eventually, free ganhadores became
Page 47 and 48: thus many of Rio‟s slaves were al
Page 49 and 50: had died while attempting to put ou
Page 51 and 52: Title 4 addressed noise pollution,
Page 53 and 54: ganhadores had to wear a metal pin
Page 55 and 56: a pedestrian who then proceeded to
Page 57 and 58: would be fined 10$-30$000 for selli
Page 59 and 60: with middlemen was not profitable f
Page 61 and 62:
observed, that African women in Sal
Page 63 and 64:
chapéus de sol, which the municipa
Page 65 and 66:
exempt. Although we do not know the
Page 67 and 68:
ganhador, who tended to be self-emp
Page 69 and 70:
Portuguese butcher shops (açougues
Page 71 and 72:
which applied to slaves and free bl
Page 73 and 74:
through the imposition of methods i
Page 75 and 76:
most ganhadores lived were Sacramen
Page 77 and 78:
licenses in a group and these tende
Page 79 and 80:
São José, in the 1870s, Italian i
Page 81 and 82:
Spaniards who lived in a hostel on
Page 83 and 84:
which had been mainly an African pa
Page 85 and 86:
guarantor, or fiador, by the police
Page 87 and 88:
Chapter Two “Que possa cada um ca
Page 89 and 90:
The transformation in the perceptio
Page 91 and 92:
the gradual transition to free labo
Page 93 and 94:
strivings of urban wage-workers. 11
Page 95 and 96:
same historical stage but also pove
Page 97 and 98:
Richard Wade‟s pioneering study o
Page 99 and 100:
chácara, while peddlers maximized
Page 101 and 102:
even foodstuffs provided every ince
Page 103 and 104:
square that served as a hangout for
Page 105 and 106:
All these fines “exalted the trea
Page 107 and 108:
and targeted a population that was
Page 109 and 110:
lanket that served as both mattress
Page 111 and 112:
to certain demographic profiles as
Page 113 and 114:
all of them as unmarried and illite
Page 115 and 116:
enslaved men (54) than women (22),
Page 117 and 118:
However, the majority of free male
Page 119 and 120:
most were street vendors of product
Page 121 and 122:
violations of the Criminal Code, se
Page 123 and 124:
one fula migrant from the state of
Page 125 and 126:
times respectively. Also common was
Page 127 and 128:
slaves originally from the state of
Page 129 and 130:
living space to blacks. Fearing sla
Page 131 and 132:
This is indicative of a shift from
Page 133 and 134:
mostly from Naples and Cozenca. Six
Page 135 and 136:
and on street peddlers. As one colu
Page 137 and 138:
many participants of street commerc
Page 139 and 140:
experienced the conditions of citiz
Page 141 and 142:
involved rehabilitation. 8 In 1890,
Page 143 and 144:
earn a living. As Amy Chazkel remin
Page 145 and 146:
In studying the construction of “
Page 147 and 148:
“discursive and contextual constr
Page 149 and 150:
provides a lens not only for the st
Page 151 and 152:
ationalization but because politica
Page 153 and 154:
licensed. Another municipal ordinan
Page 155 and 156:
legal problems, thus returning to t
Page 157 and 158:
equested that neighborhood police s
Page 159 and 160:
profiles of peddlers at the Casa de
Page 161 and 162:
Turks were also migrating in consid
Page 163 and 164:
were still tied to physical traits
Page 165 and 166:
The next paragraphs discuss occupat
Page 167 and 168:
men between the ages of 20 and 50.
Page 169 and 170:
easons usually unrelated to the pra
Page 171 and 172:
sweets (all pretas and one fula), t
Page 173 and 174:
as equals.” The authors argue tha
Page 175 and 176:
Dória described kiosk owners (dono
Page 177 and 178:
social status 65 , José Martins an
Page 179 and 180:
as vagrants, while working minors a
Page 181 and 182:
individual without a beard and wear
Page 183 and 184:
as well as illustrated the persiste
Page 185 and 186:
opposite could have been the case,
Page 187 and 188:
slavery” and the “sexual temper
Page 189 and 190:
this community, individual honor wa
Page 191 and 192:
work.” 88 José unashamedly decla
Page 193 and 194:
and influenced by both systemic-hie
Page 195 and 196:
ecreated the uncertain condition of
Page 197 and 198:
Chapter Four Toward a “Humanitari
Page 199 and 200:
The time period this chapter captur
Page 201 and 202:
technologies claiming to sanitize t
Page 203 and 204:
electorate, exalting the transforma
Page 205 and 206:
the time, did not explicitly define
Page 207 and 208:
partnered with Carlos Martins da Si
Page 209 and 210:
supporting the EAD municipal funds
Page 211 and 212:
claimed was much more elegant and e
Page 213 and 214:
João Lucas. Lucas was an engraxate
Page 215 and 216:
made out of wood and used electrici
Page 217 and 218:
did emerge during the capital city
Page 219 and 220:
work of the street peddler, are wha
Page 221 and 222:
in order to supply juice to people
Page 223 and 224:
did not find the means to obtain su
Page 225 and 226:
In 1909, three Brazilian residents
Page 227 and 228:
chloride, the latter being a chemic
Page 229 and 230:
deplorable service to the city” (
Page 231 and 232:
worker. In Sousa and Lopes‟ reque
Page 233 and 234:
icebox, a small basin for washing d
Page 235 and 236:
1906, Augusto Fernandes Carreira cr
Page 237 and 238:
certain archaic vending practices a
Page 239 and 240:
period. But the technological trans
Page 241 and 242:
Chapter Five “Ficará o Rio Sem A
Page 243 and 244:
majority of the city‟s working po
Page 245 and 246:
incorporated a utopic nation: itemi
Page 247 and 248:
ideals and their inability or refus
Page 249 and 250:
extralegal structures and practices
Page 251 and 252:
strong disagreement between popular
Page 253 and 254:
were required to have two licenses,
Page 255 and 256:
curiosity to watch the milkman unti
Page 257 and 258:
Another major problem for municipal
Page 259 and 260:
However, as the photograph of the L
Page 261 and 262:
street behaviors deemed antisocial.
Page 263 and 264:
ights (e.g., voting rights), the fo
Page 265 and 266:
claim to be the cradle of samba. 56
Page 267 and 268:
milk vendors, and bread vendors, ye
Page 269 and 270:
tended to be white Brazilians born
Page 271 and 272:
location for an extended period of
Page 273 and 274:
street sellers faced frequent deten
Page 275 and 276:
themselves as “honest workers,”
Page 277 and 278:
arrested, and the police suspected
Page 279 and 280:
seven days to fully repay Joaquim M
Page 281 and 282:
strong connections with the Bahian
Page 283 and 284:
of Santana in 1883. 72 Moreover, th
Page 285 and 286:
period. Ganhadores were even listed
Page 287 and 288:
the tenuous position of street comm
Page 289 and 290:
“itinerants,” or street vendors
Page 291 and 292:
the early twentieth century. Prints
Page 293 and 294:
contributed to notions of inclusion
Page 295 and 296:
exception. The widespread artistic
Page 297 and 298:
eflected an interest in Brazilian s
Page 299 and 300:
cartes-de-visite constructed notion
Page 301 and 302:
of an earlier age soon to be erased
Page 303 and 304:
them as valuable actors in the live
Page 305 and 306:
the „Tropical Belle Époque‟ th
Page 307 and 308:
1890s, photographs catalogued in ar
Page 309 and 310:
Benjamin.” 48 As Sekula notes, it
Page 311 and 312:
of the mechanism of great cities[.]
Page 313 and 314:
particular vending occupations were
Page 315 and 316:
development of the city. They descr
Page 317 and 318:
inequalities[.]” 64 Informality t
Page 319 and 320:
conditions that create formality an
Page 321 and 322:
was not merely a twentieth-century
Page 323 and 324:
Appendix, Chapter One Map 1a: Rio P
Page 325 and 326:
Image 3: Jean-Baptiste Debret, “T
Page 327 and 328:
Table 3: Occupation of fiadores, 18
Page 329 and 330:
Image 7: Jean-Baptiste Debret, ”V
Page 331 and 332:
Image 10: Marc Ferrez, “Jornaleir
Page 333 and 334:
Appendix, Chapter Four Image 13:
Page 335 and 336:
Image 17: Arthur Augusto Azevedo,
Page 337 and 338:
Image 22: “Carrinho Francês,”
Page 339 and 340:
Image 26: Augusto Magalhães de Bar
Page 341 and 342:
Image 28: Benedito Novela da Silva,
Page 343 and 344:
Image 31: Valdemanr Flohr-Matthiess
Page 345 and 346:
Image 33: Francisco Falconi, “Car
Page 347 and 348:
Appendix, Chapter Five Image 36: Ra
Page 349 and 350:
Image 40: Marc Ferrez, “Vendedor
Page 351 and 352:
Image 44: Marc Ferrez, “Vendedore
Page 353 and 354:
Image 48: Statue “O Mascate” (P
Page 355 and 356:
Privilégios Industriais Arquivo P
Page 357 and 358:
Azevedo, Celia Maria Marinha de. On
Page 359 and 360:
________. "From Black History to Di
Page 361 and 362:
Cunha, Olívia Maria Gomes da. Inte
Page 363 and 364:
Garza, James Alex. The Imagined Und
Page 365 and 366:
Haverkamp, Anselm. "Notes on the "D
Page 367 and 368:
Macedo, Joaquim Manuel de. Um passe
Page 369 and 370:
Monénembo, Tierno, Luis Felipe de
Page 371 and 372:
Queiroz, Maria Isaura Pereira de. "
Page 373 and 374:
Senna, Ernesto. O velho comércio d
Page 375 and 376:
Stotz, Eulália Maria Lahmeyer Lobo
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ABSTRACT Title of dissertation: SLAVE LEGACIES, AMBIVALENT ...

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