pcr 311 - National Open University of Nigeria

PCR 311 Philosophies and Great Personalities of Peace
Each stage has its “dos” and “donts”. It is physiologically believed that
each stage is philosophically endowed as there is a strong perception that it
tends towards the philosophy of life. For example, irrespective of the
contending schools of thought about the limitations of philosophy, the
adherents’ conviction is that it is a great panacea to conflict resolution as well
as a very cheap means of accepting one’s face without an undue recourse to
aggravating an already bad situation. Out of the nine stages mentioned in the
developmental theory, a brief explanation about the last three is desirable.
Early adulthood is regarded as being from age 21-30 years, middle adulthood
from age 31-50 years while late adulthood is seen as from age 51 till when God
comes.
Among the expectations at an early adulthood are getting set fully for the
race of earthly survival; educational attainment, job opportunities and getting
set for family life. At the middle adulthood stage, it is regarded as child bearing
stage and consolidation of the gains of the early adulthood. The late adulthood
is regarded not as child bearing stage, but as child rearing stage. It is a
consolidation era of the efforts of infancy to the middle adulthood. You need to
know the implication of the concept, driven home by philosophies as the
economic, political and social short comings of the third world countries are
predicated on not getting their priorities in order. Remember that life is race
and it has its beginning and its end. What is important for you is to set your
priorities right. Do not mismanage the stages when you can identify your
anticipated goals in life so as to maximize the gains of philosophical invocation
that as you lay your bed, so you lie on it. Most importantly, the stage when
concept about the end must be staring one in the face is too crucial. These are
concepts driven home by philosophies, especially in the third world countries
due to the economic, political and social situation prevalent there.
In buttressing the role of religion in philosophies, religion also
emphasizes many basic and important events of a lifetime and takes a hard
look at how it could render assistance to any individual during the
accompanying crises of certain inevitable transitional stages in life. Emphases
are made of issues like birth, adolescence, marriage, death, disasters, (natural
or artificial) etc. For example, at the demise of an individual, certain rituals,
usually referred to as rites of passage are conducted. Religion sees such
occasion as philosophically ordained because it confers certain strains and
stresses not only on the closest person to the deceased, but also on those
emotionally attached to the deceased, such as members of his family, and
friends. Religion invokes philosophies when espousing consolation in the case
of individuals dying or dead. Religion, through philosophical exhortations give
guidance and directive to assist the individual adjust to his new role in order to
understand how to cope with role conflict.
As earlier mentioned, other schools of thought also discussed how to
meet human needs besides religion. Experience has shown that ethical
systems, not specifically religious oriented could aid moral rejuvenation in life.
Groups such as family, neighbourhood, organization, either non-governmental
or governmental, or a state itself can create a conducive atmosphere to meeting
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