Eritrea's Coastal Marine and Island Biodiversity Conservation Project

Table of Contents
Foreword & Acknowledgement
Table of contents
Acronyms
Introduction
1. Eritrean Marine and Coastal
Environment
1.1. Geography and Geomorphology
1.2. Climate
1.3. Geology
1.4. Ecology
1.5. Socio-Economic Information
1.6. The Sea (definition and
bathymetry)
1.7. Coastal Erosion, Climate
Change, Sea Level Rise and Setback
Datum
2. Coastal People
2.1. Coastal Settlements
2.2. Freshwater Resources
2.2.1. Groundwater Availability and
Use
2.2.2. Surface Water Availability
and Use
2.2.3. Fresh Water Resources on the
Islands
2.3. Agriculture
2.3.1. Cultivation
2.3.2. Livestock and Rangeland
2.4. Coastal Vegetation
2.5. Traditional Conservation
Practices
3. Policies and Legal Issues
3.1. Fisheries Activities and
Environmental Issues
3.2. Agriculture and Environmental
Issues
3.3. Tourism and Environmental
Issues
3.4. Port Services and Environmental
Issues
3.5. Free Trade Zones and
Environmental Issues
3.6. Infrastructure and Environmental
Issues
3.7. Urban Development and
Environmental Issues
3.8. Energy and Environmental Issues
3.9. Mines and Environmental Issues
3.10. Petroleum Exploration and
Environmental Issues
3.11. National Environmental
Assessment Procedures and
Guidelines (NEAPG)
3.12. Biodiversity and Biosafety
3.13. International Conventions,
Treaties and Agreements
4. Fisheries
4.1. Fisheries Resources and Potential
4.2. Historical and Current Fisheries
Catch Trends
4.3. Artisanal Fisheries
4.4. Industrial Fisheries
4.5. Shrimps fishing
4.6. Sea Cucumber Fishing
4.7. Aquaculture and Mariculture
4.8. Fisheries Management Efforts
5. Marine and Coastal Resources
5.1. Coral Reefs
5.1.1 Threats to Coral Reefs
5.2. Sea grasses and Seaweeds
5.2.1 Threats to Sea grasses and
Seaweeds
5.3. Mangroves
5.3.1. Threats to Mangroves
5.3.2. Mangrove Reforestation
Program
5.4. Marine Seabirds and Shorebirds
5.4.1. Threats to Marine Seabirds
and Shorebirds
5.5. Marine Turtles
5.5.1. Threats to Marine Turtles
5.6 Dugongs, Dolphins and Whales
5.6.1. Threats to Dugongs,
Dolphins and Whales
6. Coastal Infrastructures
6.1. Coastal Setback
6.2. Harbors
6.2.1. Massawa Port
6.2.2. Assab Port
6.2.3. Threats from Harbours and
Maritime Routes
6.3 Airport and Airstrips
6.3.1. Threats
6.4. Road Network and Railway
6.4.1. Threats from transport
infrastructures
6.5. Railway
6.5.1. Threats from the railway
6.5. Electric Power
6.5.1. Threats from Electric Power
Production Centre
6.6. Oil Terminals
6.6.1. Threats from Oil Terminals
6.7. Industries
6.7.1. Threats from Industries
6.8. Free Zones
6.8.1. Threats from Free Zones
7. Tourism
7.1. Tourism and the Eritrean Coastal
Environment
7.2. Sites of Interest for Tourism
7.3. Tourism Infrastructure
7.4. Coastal Tourism Development
Plan 2000-2025
7.5. Threats from Tourism
8. The Way Forward
8.1. The Coastal Policy
8.2. Conservation Programs
Useful References
State of the Coast Eritrea, 2006-2007 6