Burma : A Handbook of Practical Information - Khamkoo

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266 BURMA cliauk, dry tea, and is collected, and stored away in baskets. Much of the dry tea goes to Western Yiinnan and the Shan States. All the salad tea goes to Burma. The tea infused from the Tawngpeng leaves is not very palatable to Eui-opean taste. The Shans always take it with salt. The late Dr Anderson said the tea-tree was E/ceodendriim persiciim. Sir Joseph Hooker says it is E. orientate. Latterly, much of the tea seed has been sought for from Assam. There seems no reason why tea gardens should not be started on enlightened principles. Opium.—Very great quantities of opium are produced in the Shan States, chiefly beyond the Salween, and along the Chinese border. In Kokang, and in most of the Wa States, the poppy is the chief crop, but it is also grown in all parts where there are Chingpaw, Palaungs, or La'hu. It is most common at heights over 4000 feet, but it grows freely enough below that altitude. The opium is, however, said to be inferior—whether in flavour or strength is not clear. The poppy cultivated seems to be most like the Papaver officinale, with white flowers, solitary flower stalks, somewhat ovate capsules, and white seeds ; but it is usually called the Papaver somniferum, which has generally red or violet - coloured flowers, numerous flower stalks rising together, globose capsules, and black seeds. The P. somniferum is generally cultivated in the mountainous parts of the north of India, and the P. officinale in the plains of Bengal, where the poppy fields are described by Sir .Joseph Hooker as resembling green lakes studded with white water lilies. In the Shan States it is the hills that are so clad, at any rate in the Wa States, where miles of slopes are covered with the poppy, the ridges like the crest of a breaking billow, the hollows like a snowdrift in a fold of the hills. Elsewhere the fields climb up steep ravines and follow the sheltered sides of ridges ; but everywhere the crops seem to thrive best on the steepest ground, and everywhere white blossoms predominate, though . in almost every field there are a few scattered coloured heads which fleck the snowy sheet. There are two kinds of white—a dead matt surface, and a ribbed corolla, which has a slight gloss on it. Some of the petals
OPIUM-GROWING 267 arc tipped \vith red, others are nine-redj purple, and purple turned up with red. No botanist has as 3'et detennincil tlit- species or the variety, for some botanists deny that the species are different. The poppy is everywhere a very delicate ]>lanl, and is peculiarly liable to injury from insects, wind, hail, or unseasonable rain. The crop is, therefore, always a very hazardous one, and the produce seldom a
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Cornell University Library DS 527.4
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BURMA
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BURMA: A Handbook OF Practical Info
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PUBLISHER'S NOTE For convenience of
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viii CONTENTS PART V Religion— pa
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X LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS A Gathering
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2 BURMA Pointj in 9° 55' north lat
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4 BURMA some parts of the Northern
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fi BURMA The Kachin Hills.— The K
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8 BURMA Delta districts are Tliarra
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10 BURMA the borders of Muug Nai an
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12 BURMA west fairly regular!}' alo
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14 BURMA sobriety to the confluence
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16 BURMA soutli, and takes the name
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18 13TTRMA blasting the rapids beyo
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LAKES Id of so great a size as the
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THE SOUTHERN' SHRINE OF THE SHWE DA
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RANGOON 21 and is so referred to by
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H D O Mt'f^ w Q ^5 J < < Q Z iiWl
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24 BURMA a good deal of teak and ri
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.•^rjr-^fjr^
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26 BURMA Temperatures much over 80
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28 BURMA of the province^ and by on
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30 BURMA Of tlie curious Pangolins,
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32 BUKMA birds and the Flower-pecke
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34 BURMA the species are identical
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3G BURMA first section of this fami
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38 BURMA is easily recognised by th
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40 BURMA great niiinbers, on the wa
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42 BURMA like stems species of Conv
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44 BURMA are scanty in such forests
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40 BURMA tlie liills bordering the
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48 BURMA HooKERj J. D., and Thomson
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50 BURMA fossils within the peninsu
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52 BUKMA Here and there on the edge
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54. BURMA water would be liiglily b
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56 BURMA centage of ash, which is l
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58 BURMA the colour which is specia
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60 BURMA Lead, copper, and antimony
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63 BURMA are as much stranp;ers as
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— 64 BURMA Tliis accounts for the
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66 BURMA in Chinese learning, can d
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68 BURMA of 10,543. The men dress l
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70 BURMA the Aralfan Hill tracts, a
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72 BURMA taking life. They greet ea
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t4 BURMA the bells in the palace, t
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7fl BURMA of beauty without the pos
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78 BURMA so does a quail on the jaw
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80 BURMA Ma Hmwe Thin, Miss Fragran
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82 BURMA pect theii" son to stay at
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MAKRIAGE 83 eulogistic rather than
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COUNTRY-LOVING 85 that the Cumia de
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IMMIGRATION 87 from Madras and Beng
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o g £ u o X
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90 BURMA roofing, because it saves
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92 BURMA tliey give themselves, and
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.h f^ ^ ^'v mf^j»^kj^^:W^^\iL:.'%
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94 BURMA however, have not the comm
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a, D O o
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96 BURMA The La'hu or Mu-hso.—The
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MKXG OR MIAO-TZU.
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98 BURMA gear. Tlie women -wear lar
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100 BURMA the piUars; but tliere is
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' " s'v .•..'!' -^ .:'!« AKHA (K
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102 BURMA All tho women let the lia
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104 BURMA a (Treat deal of unnecess
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106 BURMA under the cliav^c of a po
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108 BURMA flisappeavance from our l
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no BURMA are certainly wrong. There
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112 BURMA very clear that the Tai h
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114 BURMA was introJuced long befor
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Y. •J Y.
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— 116 BURMA the Burmese. Goitre i
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113 nURMA anthorilieR r!o not agree
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120 BUJ^MA Kekawngduj may, like the
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A MYOSA (kAREX) with HIS WIFE (daXi
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122 BURMA of black cord or lacquere
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ENDOGAINIY 123 Like all hill women,
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PADAUKGS 125 to know wliere he shou
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Si:' ^i**:?^---' -=r-^ L,.^"^ )£s-
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128 BURMA the Klmssi of Central Ass
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130 BURMA objected to tliis ofTspri
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132 BURMA number reUirned was 67,7/
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WA 133 Silver eav-vings antl banjjl
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A "TAIIE" \VA DAXCE.
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136 BURMA not extending to 3 acres,
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138 BURMA Villages,— W'a villages
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RIANG TRIBES 130 known by their Sli
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i C^ 2^^ y. < b O a, D O OS a
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DANAW 141 for the study of tlie Mun
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SELUNG 143 bees-wax, which they get
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COMMISSIONERS 145 to certain areas,
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w X o H M < o K O < a, W
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GOVERNMENT OFFICERS 147 is under a
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VILLAGE HEADMEN 149 were done away
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REVENUE SYSTEM 151 ment. Tlie usual
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A SAlvnn-A AT HIS HAW (r'.\r,.\CE)
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154 BURMA St'ites, with other parti
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o =
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L5G BURMA ion, which rarely exceed
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158 BURMA February and June ; and t
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160 BURMA ministration is the maint
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1G2 BURISIA and write. The number o
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164 BURMA to receive them, to assis
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1G6 BURMA is rather to ,'issist. re
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1G8 BURMA make progress. IJnth ilip
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170 BURMA This was in tile lifetime
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172 BURMA Anawrat'a ininierliatflv
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ROYAL CHRONICLE 173 but he brought
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SHi^N KINGS IN BURMA 175 common Bur
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INVASION OF SIAM 177 the Kaliniiiil
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WAR WITH SIAM 179 liad not only uni
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TRIBUTE TO CHINA 181 neglect of Peg
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FOUNDING OF RANGOON 183 to collect
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CHINESE INVASIONS 185 retreat of tl
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CONQUEST OF AEAKAN 187 At the same
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DESIGNS ON INDIA 189 The Indian Gov
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WAR WITH BRITATN 191 Sir Archibald
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WAE WITH BRITAIN 193 onlilv.-es, an
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TREATY OF AVA iur> ing the portion
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SECOND WAR WITH BRITAIN 197 fiirtli
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BRITISH MISSION TO AVA 199 Mindon M
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IVnIli 5- SkcilQ KIXG THIBAW AND QU
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202 BUHMA in Rfingonii in the sprin
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204 BURMA jn-oposed, jirepaiMlions
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20G BURMA meiit, partly because of
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208 BURMA tion is steadily spreadin
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210 BITUMA ami waits .ill tlitoii!>
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212 BURMA and sdn-sa iigfipi, wliic
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214 BURMA last is foiiml only in th
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21G BURMA disposal of this work bro
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218 BURMA portance, though it was o
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220 BURMA These forests are greatly
Page 287 and 288: EVERGREEN FORESTS 221 grcgate conta
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Page 291 and 292: FOREST DEPARTMENT 225 apparently in
Page 293 and 294: FOREST RESEHVATION 'I'l Taimgya Sys
Page 295 and 296: MINOR PRODUCE 22') tisf;ne lietwccn
Page 297 and 298: RESULTS OF RESERVATION 231 aiul con
Page 299 and 300: RUBY MINING 233 were then in operat
Page 301 and 302: RUBY MINING 235 working, and to ni.
Page 303 and 304: TETROLEUM 2G7 Petroleum.—The petr
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Page 308 and 309: 240 BURMA a depth of 500 feet, and
Page 310 and 311: 242 BURMA only pieces of indifferen
Page 312 and 313: 244 BURMA They charge the purchaser
Page 314 and 315: 246 BURMA opposite sides of the sha
Page 316 and 317: 248 BURMA others the man\ifactuve i
Page 318 and 319: 250 BURIVIA blast. As the sulphur i
Page 320 and 321: 252 BURMA Burma it is very differen
Page 322 and 323: 254 BURMA the women thrust them int
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Page 326 and 327: 256 BURMA in Kyanks6, and two in Mi
Page 328 and 329: 258 BURMA of holes in the dry weath
Page 330 and 331: 260 BURMA fire, and smoulder till t
Page 332 and 333: 2fi2 BURMA produce. 3. Tlic Asu-pon
Page 334 and 335: 264 BURMA cm-rent vate, but in the
Page 338 and 339: 2G8 BURMA })y the Cliinese, Avliicl
Page 340 and 341: '270 BURMA The afl\if e of an exper
Page 342 and 343: 272 BURMA weaver, which are connect
Page 344 and 345: 274 BURMA made blaclc by smearing t
Page 346 and 347: 276 BURMA tlie Irrawaddy Delta, Lat
Page 348 and 349: 278 BURMA there is now no manner of
Page 350 and 351: 280 BURMA two-tliirds of the gi-oss
Page 352 and 353: 282 BURMA largest and richest firms
Page 354 and 355: 284 BTTRMA was imicli l)c]ow the no
Page 356 and 357: 286 BtlRMA lessors wii^ on,i cdetn.
Page 358 and 359: 288 BTJRMA made from native-grown s
Page 360 and 361: 290 BURMA from that year on the fig
Page 362 and 363: 292 ]BURMA the market by their f^ve
Page 364 and 365: 2f)4 BURMA not exceed the average o
Page 366 and 367: 296 BURMA is no distinct indication
Page 368 and 369: 298 BURMA at Mogaung, and taken by
Page 371 and 372: WATEHAVAYS 299 the left bank a few
Page 373 and 374: WATERWAYS 801 the Tcunas- a complet
Page 375 and 376: RAILWAYS 303 week from Rangoon to M
Page 377 and 378: RAIT.WAYS 305 January 1898. Tlie fi
Page 379 and 380: ROADS PA)7 All the railways in Buim
Page 381 and 382: ROADS 309 tliem are now in use, exc
Page 383 and 384: CURRENCY 311 planted in nests of pa
Page 385 and 386: CURRENCY 313 housCj digs a tank, or
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FINANCE 315 In 1871 Lord Miiyo's go
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FINANCIAL PHOSPERITY 317 the net su
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— — ; WEIGHTS AND MEASURES 319
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WEIGHTS AND MEASURES 321 There is a
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WEIGHTS AND MEASURES 323 double han
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PART IV ARCHEOLOGY—ARCHITECTURE
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ARCHAEOLOGY 327 in cliavacter in tl
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PAGODAS AT M(jXG HENG. !^J^¥^
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330 BURMA The erection of such a sh
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ARCHITECTURE S31 in Burma and to de
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THE MODERN ORXATE STYLE OF PAGODA.
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m uuhma palaces, of Shan chiefs, wh
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o s
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836 BURMA still existing in India i
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338 BURMA mark the approach to it.
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310 BURMA a remnant of North-Indian
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342 BURMA mostly in the Square Pali
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344 BURMA mythological or heraldic
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346 BURMA In all the important piec
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348 BURMA colours used are so delic
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350 BURMA Many Burmese women carry
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352 BUIlMi\ Burmese Music and Music
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Andante. 1. Nga-bouk-kyu than j^^-J
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Alleoretto 5. KOUNG - GIN - KyO 1 ,
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Andantino ii.Khain pan-s5n. pryj^jm
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MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS 353 generally c
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o y, 'A fa O D O
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356 BURMA Another kind of harp corr
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PART V RELIGION Buddhism Statistici
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360 BURMA under the pipul-tree at B
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302 BURMA not idols; tliey are not
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364 BURMA forbidding the individual
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366 BURMA of the foredoomed hunter,
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3G8 BURMA town has grown round them
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370 BURMA but is apt to rnerjfe int
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EVENING DEVOTIONS 371 intelligent i
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RELIGIOUS INFLUENCE 373 siderable i
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STRICT RULES AS TO WOMEN 375 of ful
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MODERN SECTS 877 manded a new ordin
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THE BUDDHIST ROBE 379 ciipiscence ;
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UDDIIISM AND SPIRITS 381 tile mount
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ANTHROPOMORPHIC SPIRITS 88'^ the he
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BUDDHISM AND BRAHMANS 885 direct te
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SACRIFICES 887 STicli as boiled fow
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SERPENT WORSHIP 389 dryads and hama
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ANIMISM 391 never admit, either to
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THE SOUL BUTTERFLY 393 ligion" some
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CROP SPIRITS 895 of Charon and Rlia
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REASONS FOU HEAD-IIUNTlNCx 397 vill
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THE STYGIAN FLOOD 399 wliich broods
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ATTCURTES 401 and so tlie hnbit of
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^"UIMBER OF ANIMTSTS 403 Census Ret
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FETICHISM 405 adapt liimself to mod
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BARBAUTC PHILOSOPHY 407 marry, thou
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NON-PROFESSIONAL RELIGION 400 Final
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TONES 41 very didiciilt for him to
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WRITING 41.3 lationship of each to
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OEDER OF WOEDS 415 Besides these fi
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PICTURESQUE EXPRESSIONS 417 and in
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LEAF-MANUSCRIPTS 410 sometimes cai-
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STAGE PLAYS 421 Zats, or avatar tal
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SERMON ON BEATITUDES 423 ncibhaii,
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A DRAMATIC TALE 423 Thus bhe Zanekk
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STORY OF ZANEKKA 427 termined to en
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STORY OP ZANEKICA 429 glad faces ;
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stohy of zanekka 431 of State, troo
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STORY OF 2ANEKKA 4^.0 lie, "of alwa
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A IIISTOKICAL TAT.E 435 of the sorb
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A HISTORICAL TALE 437 Kiiic, but si
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A HISTOmCAL TALE 439 on this date a
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— : A HISTORICAL TALE 441 the Kin
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SONG-FORMS 443 tongs), because they
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A BURMESE LOVE-SONG 4i5 Dewa daiigl
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ANTIPHONAL SINGING 447 five syllabl
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A BURMESE NOVEL 419 years ago. This
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THE IREAWADDY VALLEY 451 but usuall
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THE REAL RURIMA 453 tickets and dec
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THE REAL BURMA 455 be found mast us
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SOME USEFUL HINTS 457 Those who arr
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SPORT 459 Shall States. In the Shan
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DIVISIONS AND DISTRICTS 461 verse t
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DIVISIONS AND DISTRICTS 4G3 l)'ing
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DIVISIONS AND DISTRICTS 465 plain p
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DIVISIONS AND DISTRICTS 467 Headqna
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DIVISIONS AND DISTRICTS 469 centre
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STATISTICS OP SHAN STATES 471 The s
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STATISTICS OF SHAN STATES 473 aged
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STATISTICS or SHAN STATES 475 Myosa
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STATISTICS OP SHAN STATES 477 nine
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STATISTICS OP SHAN STATES 479 (35)
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STATISTICS OE SHAN STATES 481 son,
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STATISTICS OF SHAN STATES 483 many
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STATISTICS OP SHAN STATES 485 admin
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APPENDIX III LIST OF THE COMMONER B
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English LIST OF BIRDS 489 BI RDS
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English TvIST OF BIRDS 49] BIRDS
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English Carps, including the Malisi
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LIST or INSECTS 495 INSECTS, MOLLUS
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LIST OF PLANTS LIST OF COMMON TREES
Page 594 and 595:
500
Page 596 and 597:
502
Page 598 and 599:
504
Page 600 and 601:
506
Page 602 and 603:
&od SURMA Sandstone Sapphire GEOLOG
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510 - BURMA Bastian. Literature. Vi
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Abui Yaza, i6o Administration, grow
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Density of population, 85 Deprecati
Page 611 and 612:
Land i-evenufi System, difference f
Page 613 and 614:
Rice exported, amount of, 283 Kice
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