Menadione Nicotinamide Bisulfite Is a Bîoactîve Source of ...

742 ODUHO ET AL.
TABLE 5
Chronic toxicity study: performance of chicks fed corn-soybean meal diets containing high levels of menadione from menadione
dimethylpyrimidinol bisulfate (MPB) or menadione nicotinamide bisulfite (MNB) (Assay 4)1
Menadione
dose2mg/kg030300
30002
60003Pooled
SEMWeight
gainMPB240239234
d244241240
219
218MNBg/14 1984Feed
intakeMPB358361
351
337
667647MNBS/kg680680690 649
71.6 58.9
337MNB359354348 3136Gain:feedMPB670662 6338HemoglobinMPB78.287.5 72.4MNBg/L86.983.269.0
55.87.2
'Values are means of three pens of four chicks during the period 8 to 22 d posthatching; average initial weight was 73 g.
2MNB depressed (P < 0.05) weight gain, feed intake, gain:feed and hemoglobin.
3Both MPB and MNB depressed [P < 0.05) gain, feed intake and gain:feed, but only MNB depressed (P < 0.05) hemoglobin. Gain and
hemoglobin depressions were greater {P < 0.05) for MNB than for MPB.
and 5). In an 8-d chronic toxicity study comparing
nicotinic acid and nicotinamide in chicks, Baker et al.
(1976) observed only a slight growth depression from
5000 mg/kg dietary nicotinamide, while 10,000 mg/
kg was markedly growth depressing (20,000 mg/kg
dietary nicotinic acid did not depress growth). It
seems probable that the greater morbidity caused by
MNB compared with MPB results from the combined
effects of menadione and nicotinamide in MNB.
The results of this investigation suggest that MNB
is fully active as a source of bioavailable vitamin K
and niacin activity. If used primarily as a source of
vitamin K activity, it is worthy of note that meeting
the vitamin K requirement from MNB would provide
only a small portion of the niacin requirement. Tox
icity studies revealed that MNB has a good safety
profile in that dietary levels of menadione well over
1000 times the chicks' minimal vitamin K re
quirement were required to cause morbidity. Because
menadione compounds may lose potency when stored
in vitamin or vitamin-trace mineral premixes
(Charles and Huston 1972) stability studies need to be
done comparing MNB to MPB.
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