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19. Class 1 weed control packages Project dates July 2008 – June 2013 Project leader Joseph Vitelli Ecosciences Precinct Tel: (07) 3255 4473 Email: joseph.vitelli@deedi.qld.gov.au Other staff in 2010–11 Barbara Madigan and Annerose Chamberlain Objectives Develop reliable and effective control options that can be integrated into eradication programs for Queensland Class 1 declared weeds. This includes: • seeking a minor use herbicide permit that covers all Queensland Class 1 declared plant species • collecting basic ecological data (e.g. time to reproductive maturity and soil seed bank dynamics) on priority Class 1 weeds • implementing an accelerated ageing test to determine potential seed longevity on targeted Class 1 weeds (where more than 1200 mature seeds can be sourced). Rationale Expanding the current Queensland Class 1 plant declaration list to species level yielded a list of 8978 taxa, including hybrids, cultivars and synonyms. Restricting the list to those Class 1 species already present in Australia narrowed the total to 156, of which 53 species are currently naturalised in Queensland. For the majority of these species there is anecdotal, limited or no ecological information (e.g. age to reproductive maturity and seed bank persistence) available. Such data is essential for enhancing the effectiveness and efficiency of eradication efforts. Furthermore, knowledge of seed bank persistence provides insights into how long programs need to be maintained and the resources needed to achieve eradication. Control efforts are also hindered by a lack of chemical registrations. Of the 53 naturalised Class 1 plant species, 9 have chemical recommendations, 21 are captured under broader categories (e.g. Acacia spp., cacti or the Environmental Permit PER11463) and 23 have no chemicals registered. A minor use herbicide permit covering all Queensland Class 1 declared plant species would greatly aid eradication efforts and enhance Queensland’s ability to respond to new incursions. Methods Ecological studies We collect basic ecological information (e.g. flowering period, seed production, age to reproductive maturity and seed bank persistence) on prioritised species from established infestations. All seeds are collected and removed from sites. At the conclusion of the study, all plants are killed. Control studies We develop chemical and non-chemical control options that can be integrated into eradication programs and provide data to assist minor use applications. Progress in 2010–11 Ecological studies A seed library of Class 1 weeds naturalised in Queensland to date contains seeds from Mexican feather grass (Nassella tenuissima), Mexican bean tree (Cecropia peltata), trumpet tree (Cecropia palmata), badhara bush (Gmelina elliptica), mimosa (Mimosa pigra), Koster’s curse (Clidemia hirta), miconia (Miconia calvescens), Senegal tea (Gymnocoronis spilanthoides), Siam weed (Chromolaena odorata) and Acacia glauca. Field monitoring studies showed that the reproductive period for Mexican feather grass is from September to March. We have transplanted 38 seedlings of known age from the field and repotted them at the Ecosciences Precinct to determine time to reproductive maturity. To date, 16% of plants have flowered at an age of 19–23 months between August and March. Studies are ongoing. Although their flowering was prolific, water mimosa (Neptunia oleracea) failed to produce seed at the Alan Fletcher Research Station, Ecosciences Precinct and TWRC, delaying planned seed studies. To resolve Neptunia identification problems in Queensland, N. oleracea and N. plena DNA samples were sought from the New York Herbarium and the Kew Royal Botanic Gardens Herbarium. Molecular probes for these two species have now been developed by Dr Jane Oakey. Eight additional Cecropia sites have been found in northern Queensland. Growth scars indicate that some plants are more than 20 years old. At a Clifton Beach location, three separate cohorts have established, with plant height ranging from 1.3 to 14 m. Morphological traits indicate at least three Cecropia species have established in northern Queensland. We have collected leaf samples from most sites and have stored them for future DNA analysis. Accelerated seed ageing trials have been initiated for Senegal tea, Siam weed, Acacia glauca, Koster’s curse, miconia and badhara bush. Germination/viability testing is ongoing. Control studies An alligator weed (Alternanthera philoxeroides) herbicide trial at Bullock Head Creek using glyphosate at two and three times the recommeneded rate appears to have been effective. The dense stand of alligator weed along 1 km of the creek has been reduced to isolated plants totalling less than 2 m 2 . A foliar spray screening trial involving five herbicides was initiated on Senegal tea growing at a Strathpine trial site in April 2011. Class 1 minor use permit A draft minor use permit capturing all Queensland Class 1 declared weeds is now complete. The final version will be submitted to APVMA by May 2012. To assist Class 1 eradication efforts, we obtained new minor use permits for control of gingers (Hedychium spp.), PER12436, and tussock grasses (Nassella spp.), PER12202. (For details, see project report 34 on page 76.) 42 Technical highlights: research projects 2010–11
Photo 19.1 (a) Inflorescence, (b) pod, (c) adult tree, (d) leaves, (e) trunk and (f) seed of Acacia pringlei, a newly detected non-indigenous acacia species; all non-indigenous Acacia species are Class 1 declared weeds in Queensland Funding in 2010–11 Queensland Government Collaborators • Dr Jane Oakey, Molecular Biologist (Biosecurity Queensland) • Biosecurity Queensland field staff • Brisbane City Council • Capricorn Pest Management Group • Logan City Council • Seqwater More information For further information on this research project, visit the invasive plant and animal science pages on the Biosecurity Queensland website at www.biosecurity.qld.gov.au Part 2 Landscape protection and restoration 43
Page 1 and 2: Department of Employment, Economic
Page 3 and 4: Contents Part 1 Integrated weed man
Page 5 and 6: Part 1 Integrated weed management 1
Page 7 and 8: Funding in 2010-11 Queensland Gover
Page 9 and 10: ush (Jatropha gossypiifolia L.)’,
Page 11 and 12: . Pod production (pods per plant) 2
Page 13 and 14: 4. Weed seed dynamics Project dates
Page 15 and 16: Photo 5.1 Experimentalist Laura Rod
Page 17 and 18: Table 6.1 Mortality of Captain Cook
Page 19 and 20: 7. Evaluating the effectiveness of
Page 21 and 22: 8. Biological control of bellyache
Page 23 and 24: 9. Biological control of parthenium
Page 25 and 26: Funding in 2010-11 • Queensland G
Page 27 and 28: Plant height (cm) Number of branche
Page 29 and 30: 11. Biological control of Hudson pe
Page 31 and 32: Part 2 Landscape protection and res
Page 33 and 34: 14. Biological control of Madeira v
Page 35 and 36: 15. Biological control of lantana (
Page 37 and 38: 16. Biological control of mikania v
Page 39 and 40: 17. Weed eradication and containmen
Page 41 and 42: 18. Ecology and control of national
Page 43: Table 18.1 Number, distribution and
Page 47 and 48: 21. Ecology and control of wet trop
Page 49 and 50: Navua sedge The foliar herbicide sc
Page 51 and 52: Spatial pattern analyses indicated
Page 53 and 54: 23. Impacts of environmental weeds
Page 55 and 56: (S, Mn) Axis II [32%] (pH, P, Mg, K
Page 57 and 58: 24. Cabomba (Cabomba caroliniana) e
Page 59 and 60: Cabomba regeneration— substrate q
Page 61 and 62: Figure 25.1 Wild dog GPS locations
Page 63 and 64: Activity index of abundance Activit
Page 65 and 66: Feral pigs have long been establish
Page 67 and 68: Furthermore, the capture process as
Page 69 and 70: Photo 28.1 An Australian raven insp
Page 71 and 72: 30. Adaptive management of rabbits
Page 73 and 74: 31. Mapping the distribution and de
Page 75 and 76: 32. Resistance to rabbit haemorrhag
Page 77 and 78: Part 4 Research services 33. Pest m
Page 79 and 80: Appendixes 1. Abbreviations ANOVA A
Page 81 and 82: Scientific name Common name Dactylo

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