T£ I'^'^l - JScholarship - Johns Hopkins University

24 THE NOUN. [§27.
tige). Under the influence of §273 carant became cereint,
broder became brodyr; in the same way may be explained
nei nephew : neieint, gof smith: goveint. Some neut. -n-stems
make their plur. in -ein, e.g. enw (O.W. anu) name: enwein,
cam step: cemmein; here *-en might have been expected as
in Ir. beim blow: bemmen; the change of *-en to -ein may be
explained as above.
28. B. The plural is formed by various suffixes, many of which
appear in the formation of abstract nouns.
(a) -awr, -iawr, e.g. ysgwyt shield: ysgwydawr, gwaew
spear: gwajrwawr (also gwaewar, gwewyr), cat battle:
cadyawr.
NOTE.—This formation is mostly poetical.
(b) -awt ( = -awd), e.g. ^ysz fish: pyscawt, gorwyd steed:
gorwydawt.
(c) -et (= -ed), e.g. merch daughter: merchet, pryf worm:
prjnret.
(d) -ed( = -ed), e.g. hysfinger: byssed, dant tooth: danned,
gwreic woman: gwraged.
(e) -eit, -ieit ( = -eid, -ieid), e.g. mil animal: mileit, barwn
baron: barwneit, barwnyeit.
(f) -i, e.g. llestyr vessel: llestri, cawr giant: cewri, saer
artificer: seiri.
(g) -Ot ( = -od), e.g. hyd stag: hyddot, llwdn beast: llydnot.
(h) -oed (= -oed), e.g. mor sea: moroed, ieith language:
ieithoed.
(i) -yd ( = -yd), e.g. avon stream: avonyd, gwlat country:
gwledyd, chwaer sister: chwioryd.
29. C. Some nouns are collective, with a singular formation in
-ynn masc, -enn fem., e.g. adar birds: ederyn a bird, calaf
reeds': celevyn a reed, coU hazles: collenn a hazle, tywys ears
of cort} : tsrwysen a corn ear.