Introductory Pages - An Introduction to Spoken Kashmiri

3 A
An Introduction to Spoken Kashmiri
by Braj B. Kachru
TABLE OF CONTENTS
2.8 EXERCISES ................................................................................ 2-60
CONVERSATION WITH A HOTEL KEEPER ........................... 3-62
3.1 CONTEXTUAL FOCUS.................................................................... 3-62
3.2 GRAMMATICAL FOCUS ................................................................. 3-62
3.3 LEXICAL FOCUS .......................................................................... 3-63
3.4 NOTES ...................................................................................... 3-65
3.5 GRAMMAR ................................................................................. 3-66
3.5.1 Tense (Finite Verbs): Present and Past............................. 3-66
3.5.1.1 Copula ‘to be’: ....................................................................................3-66
3.5.1.2 Present Tense: b chus kh’ava:n ‘I eat’..............................................3-67
3.5.2 Continuous........................................................................ 3-67
3.5.3 Past Tense......................................................................... 3-67
3.5.3.1 Simple Past ........................................................................................3-67
3.5.3.2 Present Perfect: I have gone (with chu) ...............................................3-69
3.5.4 Past Perfect: I had gone (with o:s)................................... 3-70
3.5.5 Conjuction t and kn........................................................ 3-71
3.5.6 Pronouns III: Posessive Pronouns.................................... 3-72
3.5.7 The use of gatshun............................................................ 3-74
3.6 VOCABULARY ............................................................................. 3-74
3.6.1 Nouns................................................................................ 3-74
3.6.2 Verbs................................................................................. 3-75
3.6.3 Adjectives ......................................................................... 3-75
3.7 DRILLS ..................................................................................... 3-75
3.8 EXERCISES ................................................................................ 3-76
© 2006 Braj B. Kachru (http://kachru.com) xiii
http://koshur.org/SpokenKashmiri