Introductory Pages - An Introduction to Spoken Kashmiri
Introductory Pages - An Introduction to Spoken Kashmiri
Introductory Pages - An Introduction to Spoken Kashmiri
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<strong>An</strong> <strong>Introduction</strong> <strong>to</strong> <strong>Spoken</strong> <strong>Kashmiri</strong><br />
by Braj B. Kachru<br />
The <strong>to</strong>ngue tip is curled back. It articulates with the hard palate. The t, th, and d are retroflex<br />
s<strong>to</strong>ps. These sounds are similar <strong>to</strong> the initial sounds of the Hindi-Urdu words ta:t ‘gunny bag’,<br />
thand ‘cold’ dar ‘fear’, respectively.<br />
(iv) Velar<br />
t tga pear<br />
kot boy<br />
o:t flour<br />
th thi:kh all right, good<br />
?:th eight<br />
thu:l egg(s)<br />
d d?:j; stretcher<br />
od half (mas.)<br />
bod big (mas., sing.)<br />
The back of the <strong>to</strong>ngue articulates with soft palates; k, kh and g are velar s<strong>to</strong>ps. These sounds<br />
are similar <strong>to</strong> initial sounds in the Hindi-Urdu words ka:m ‘work’, kha:na: ‘food’ and ga:na<br />
‘song’ respectively.<br />
Affricates<br />
k kus who<br />
kan ear<br />
pakun <strong>to</strong> walk<br />
kul tree<br />
kh khan (you) dig<br />
khasun <strong>to</strong> climb<br />
li:khun <strong>to</strong> write<br />
akh one (numeral)<br />
g ga:d fish<br />
ka:g0r <strong>Kashmiri</strong> firepot<br />
rag vein<br />
gNph cave<br />
gar0 home<br />
Affricates, as well as s<strong>to</strong>ps, are produced by a complete closure of the vocal tract at some point.<br />
However, the realese of the closure of an affricate is slow, compared with that of a s<strong>to</strong>p. There<br />
© 2006 Braj B. Kachru (http://kachru.com) 16<br />
http://koshur.org/<strong>Spoken</strong><strong>Kashmiri</strong>
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