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vacuo at 60 ºC for 6 h to remove any residual H2O. For solution
blending, PBS pellets were dissolved and stirred in chloroform at 40 ºC
for 5 h using mechanical stirrer. Also, CNFs were dispersed in same
solvent at room temperature for 3 h with spin-bar and then sonicated
for 2 h at 90 W by a ultrasonic bath (Kodo Technical Research Co.,
Japan). After CNFs solution was mixed with PBS solution at 40 ºC for
24 h under vigorous shear condition, nanocomposite casting films were
obtained on rotary hood, and additionally dried at 60 ºC for 24 h to
remove a solvent. For the melt blending, the torque rheometer
(Brabender Plastograph EC, Germany) was used to prepare the PBS
nanocomposite based on a various content of CNFs. The PBS pellets
was melted at 120 ºC for 5 min at a rotary speed of 60 rpm, and then
CNFs were introduced into the mixer, followed by compounding for 10
min. For the SOAM method, the casting films prepared by the solution
blending were firstly cut into the specific size, and then fed into the
torque rheometer and mixed at 120 ºC for 10 min at a rotary speed of
60 rpm. The mass fraction of CNFs ranged from 0.1 to 3 wt%. The
sample codes were named, for example, CNF2S, CNF2M and
CNF2SM, where the numbers represent the mass fraction of CNFs,
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