february-1758.pdf

^ r F E B R U A R Y , ^
A 6'enuine Narrative of the Sufferings of the Persons toho were confined in the Prison
called the Black Hole, in Fort William at Calcutta, in the Kingdom ofi Bengal^,
after the Surrender of that Place to the Indians in June i 756, from a Lester of
J. Holwel, Efq; to William Davis, Eso;
rT'll^ ill conduct of Drake, the
late governor of Calcutta,
vho, had, among other things, un-
^tiStlv imprisoned a very considerable
naerchant oS the country, whose name
yyss Omychund, and who was a Genloo,
having drawn the reSentment of
the viceroy upon the factory, he
marched against it in person, with a
very considerable force, and laid siege
to rhe sort.
Drake, who had brought on this
miisortune, no Sooner Saw it approach,
than he deferted hia station, and left
the gentlemen of the factory and the
garrifon to shift for themfelves. As
itonn as Drake was gone, aMr, Holwell,
hem whoSe letter this account is taken,
took the command upon himSelS, and
reSolved to deSend the place as long as
he could. This voluntary opposition
es Mr. Holwell incensed the viceroy
against him ; and Supposing, that he
wtitild not have undertaken a work oS
ingeterrogation, attended with Such
fatigue and danger, upon disinterested
principles, he made no doubt but that
there were very great treasures in the
sort, in which he was deeply concerned
as a proprietor ; be therefore pushed
on the siege with great vigour, and
gained possession of the fort about 5
o'clock in the evening of the 2osh of
June, 17^6.
The number of men then in the
fort was one hundred and forty-five.
Sing Leech, who had Served the com-
^aay as a Smith, and was the parish
clerk, made his escape thro' a private
I^affa^e, with which very few were actuated,
when theMoors first entered
the fort ; and one hundred and fortysaut,
being all the rest, were made
prisoners oS war. Mr. Holwell was
thrice Sent for and examined by the
viceroy, before - o'clock ; the last time
the siceroy fat in council, and when
he dismissed his possets be repeated
^L, VX,
the assurance that he had before given
him, declaring, on the word of a Soldier,
that no harm should come either
to him or his people. He ordered.
however, that they should be secured
for that night, and they were immediately
committed to the custody of
some subordinate officers called Jemmautdaars.
In order perfectly to understand the
sequel of this account, it is necessary
to describe that part of the fort where
the prison called the black hole is situated.
The east windows of the governor's
apartment look into a pretty fpacioua
court of guard, on the east side of
which, overagainst the windows, and
under the eastern curtain of the fort,
there is a piazza : at the south end of
the piazita there is a flight of stairs,
that lead up to one of the bastions of
the fort, and at the north end is the
parade t within the piazza there are
barracks for the soldiers, that reach all
along the fide of the square, with a
platform reaching the whole length of
thefe barracks for the foldiers to sleep
on, and they are open towards the
piazza, with arches that correspond to
the arches of the piazza. Between
these arches there is a fmall parapet.
wall, which goes from arch to arch the
whole length of the barracks, and divides
them from the piazza, hut they
are not divided into separate apartments
within. At the fouthermost
end of the barracks, and in a line with
them, is a room about i8 feet square,
which was used as a kind of roundhouse,
for confining such of the Soldiers
as had been guilty oS any irregularity
; this place, which is a continuation
oSthe barracks is cloSely walled up
on the north, east, and South fides,
and is open only on the west side towards
the passage , in this fide there are
two windows, Wrongly secured by iron
N barr

C)^ M A G A 2 1 N E
bars. and the dungeon heing cloSe and
dark was called the black bole. To
the north, without the court of guard,
was the armory and laboratory, and to
the South, the carpenter's yard belonging
to the factory.
The guard that received charge of
the prifoners "ordered them all to fit
down under the piazza, and Soon aSter
one of the Soldiers stripped Mr. Hoiwell
oS his waistcoat, as he was fitting
without his coat, which the heat of
^ the weather would nor permit him to
wear. While they were wailing to be
Sarther disposed of as their new masters
should think fit, they discovered that
the Sactory was-in flames on each fide
of them, the armory and laboratory to
the left, and the carpenter's yard to
the right. They were alarmed at this
unexpected conflagration, and it was
the ptevailing opinion, that, notwithstanding
the viceroy's promiSe to Mr.
Holwell, there was a design Sormed to
Suffocate them between the two fires.
At about half an hburafter Seven, this
dreadful apprehension ^was confirmed
by the appearance of several people
with lighted torches, who ran into
the apartments to the right of them
under the eastern curtain, as it was
SuppoSed, to Set them all on fire. But
Mr. Holwell, at the request oS Some
gentlemen who were near him, going
np to See what was really doing, sound
that the men with torches being strangers
to the sort, were only Seeking a
proper place to confine them in till the
morning. Soon after he had satisfied
his friends that their fears of ber'ng
burnt were groundless, he was surprized
by the appearance of Leech, who
escaped through the private passage.
This man haying in many instances
been obliged by Mr. Holwel^s kindnesa,
determined not to efcape himSelf
without attempting to bring off his
benefactor ; having returned into the
Sort at the risque of his life ; he told
him, in a Sew words, that he had provided
a boat, and that if he would Sollew
him through the private passage by
which he had entered, he would c^-
Sure his deliverance. Mr. Holwell was
most Sensibly affected by this instance
oS heroic generosity ; but the viceroy
having assured him that the prisoners
should Suffer no personal injury, and
the gentlemen and garrison having put
themSelves under his protection, he
thanked Leech in the best terms he
could, but told him he did not think
himSelf at liberty to desert his friends,
and therefore could not possibly accept
his offer. To which Leech gallantly
replied, that he would then live and
die with him ; and tho' Mr. Holwell
urged him many times to provide sot
his own SaSety, he persisted in his resolution,
and could not be prevailed upon
to leave the place.
Very Soon aSterwards, part oS the
guard that had heon drawn up on the
parade, with the officers who had bee a
viewing the rooms by torcb-ligbt, advanced
towards the prisoners, and ordered
tbem to rise and go into the barracks.
This command they obeyed
with great chearfulneSs and alacrity,
pleasing themselves with the hopes uf
passing the night comfortably on the
platform ; but they were no Sooner
within the barracks, than the guard
advanced to the inner arches and parapet
wall, and, with their musquets
prefented, ordered them into that pate
which was walled in at the South end,
called the black bole. The greats
part of the prisoners were utterly unacquainted
with the place into which
they were about to he driven, aud
those before heing urged on by those
behind, upon whom the guard pressed
with clubs and seymetars, were bora
forward and entered the cell before
they knew the horrors of their situation,
to avoid which, they would
have turned upon the guard and heea
cut to pieces, as much the least evil of
the two. ,
The number that entered thi'
dreadful place was 146, of which
145, including poor Leech. were
men, the other was a lady of the
country, she wise of Mr. Carey, sa
officer in the navy, who declared, wtt^

E E I ^ U R A R Y , ^
equal tenderness and constancy, that they had of surviving till the mornao
circumstances of diftrefs or danger ing should give them liberty and air.
Should divide her from her husband. This addresa produced a short in-
TheSe unhappy wretches, of whom terval of peace and silence, which,
were Dutch, English corporals, however, was interrupted by the groans
Soldiers, Moors, whites, and Portu- and complaints of the wounded, some
^ueze, were all exhausted by the of whom were even then in the ago-
Satigue and watching Which they nies of death.
had suffered during the siege ; ma- At this time Mr. Holwell looking
ny of them were wounded, and the through the grate of the window into
wounds of Several of them were mor- the piazza, Saw one of tne Jemmaut.
tui. daars, in whosecouncenance he thought
Among the first that entered was he discovered Some traces oS compaS-
Mr. Holwell, with Mr. Coles arid Mr. sion. This man he called to him, and
Scot, who were ensigns in the service ; representing the misery of himSelf and
Mr. Holwell took possession oS the his Sellow prisoners, and theSrightSuI
window that was nearest to the door, ConSequences that would inevitably
and put Mr. Coles and Mr. Scot, who Sollow their continuing in that room
were both wounded, into it. Mr. all night ; he then earnestly entreated,
Baillie oS the council, and Several o- that he would endeavour so get them
rher gentlemen of the Sactory were Separated by putting half of them in
near him; the rest rushed by them Some other place , and to quicken his
into the inner part of the room, compassion by Self-interest, he told
and thoSe thought themSelves Sortu- him, that if he could procure the fanate
who took possession of the other vour that he requested, he should in
window. the morning receive a thousand rupee.,
It was now about eight o'clock, the which are equal to about 2001. sterlnight
was exceeding cloSe and Sultry, ing. The Jemmautdaar promised that
and there being no opening but to the he would attempC it. and withdrew,
west, Che air within could neither cir- but reCurned in a few minutes, and
culate nor be changed. As Soon as these Said it was impossible. Mr- Holwell
particulars and the size of the room then thought that he had not offered
was known, the conSequences were enough, and thereSore promised him
easily SoreSeen ; every one was thrown two thouSand rupees. Upon this he
into an agony oS deSpair and terror, withdrew again, but soon returned a
and many attempts were made to Sorce Second time, and with great appearlhe
door, but as it opened inwards, and anceof compassion said, it could not
as the priSoners had nothing to work possibly he done without an order from
with but their hands, thefe attempts the viceroy, who was then asleep, and
were as fruitless as they were violent. that nobody dared to awake him. It
Mr. Holwell heing at the window was is, however, difficult to conceive how
less affected by the clofeneSs oS the this could be true, if, as Mr. Holwell
place, and as long as he could conti- fuppoSes, the viceroy's orders were in
nue there, was in no danger oS Suffo- general, to keep the prisoners SaSely till
cation. His mind was therefore pro- the morning, and that the finding a
pertionably leSs agitated, and perceiv- place for the purpose was left to the
ing that "the perturbation, restlefsneSs, Jemmautdaars, who, after this order
and struggles of the rest would exhaust was received, Searched the apartments
their strength, increaSc their heat, and with torches, and at last fixed upon
hasten their destruction, he conjured the black hole. But whatever was
them, in a short but earnest addreSs, the impediment, the unhappy prisoners
to keep both their minds and bodies had neither means to know, nor pow-
2squiet as possible, a^ the only chance er to remove if Within ten minutei
N ^ alter

^ M A G A 2 1 N ^ nf M ACA^lNl^ss
after they were locked in, every one leave the Space which they covered va.
.fell into a most profuse Sweat, which cant, they were by a fatal neceility in-
Soon brought on an intollerable thirst, Santly trampled to death, or sust'ocathat
perpetually encreafed in propor- ted. The expedient of sitting down
tion as the body was drained of its was, notwithstanding, many times remoifture.
peated, and some of the number pe-
The floor of the place in which they rished every time in the same manner
were confined being i8 feet by i8 feet, as at first.
contained 324 square feet, which dt- Such was the condition of these Unvidedbyi46,
the number of persons, happy people before the first hour of
gives a Space of something more than their confinement was expired. By
26 inches and a half by 12 for each nine o'clock thirst had rendered she
person, which, reduced to a square greater part of the company outraveill
be near i 8 inches by i8 inches. geous, new efforts were made to force
Thisfpace, tho' it was sufficient to the door, and many attempts were
hold them without pressing violently made so provoke the guard to fire in
on each other, yet it obliged them to npon them, and put an end to their
' stand so near together as greatly in- misery, but without Success. In a
•creaSed their heat ; it was therefore short time many persons in the back
proposed that everyone should pull off part of the room were Seized with a
their cloaths, as an expedient to in- difficulty of breathing, and, what was
crease the fpace between them. This yet more dreadful, a delirium. The
proposal was immediately approved, place was filled with incoherent ravand
in a few minutes every man in the ings, passionate exclamations, and cries
assembly, except Mr. Holwell, and of distress, in the midst of which the
three others that stood at the window cry of Water, Water, was predonaiwith
him, were naked. Thisexpedi- nant, This cry being heard by the
eat afforded them a temporary relief, Jemmautdaar who had been applied
and to improve it everyone fanned the to by Mr. Holwell, he ordered Some
air with his hat, in hopes to produce skins of water to be immediately
a circulation, and introduce the fresh brought. Till this time Mr. Holwell
air from without, Of. this exercise, had remained quietly at the window,
however, they were soon weaay, and where keeping his face between two
their uneasiness increasing, it w'^ pro- of the bars, he suffered but little
posed by Mr. Baillie, that every man pain or inconvenience; but he foreshould
sit down on his hams. This saw that the bringing water. to that
alfo was complied with, and to prevent window would create a strife and cotnconsufion,
it was agreed that they motion among those that were behind
should all sit down and rife together at which would probably hasten their dea
signal to be given Sor that purpose struction ; and that then the whole
After he had fate till the posture be- crowd being drawn to press wish oae
came too uneafy to be longer endured, united effort upon him, would either
the word was given to rise; but as each crush him to death, or compel him to
covered much more ground in fitting abandon his situation : he therefore
than standing, they were fo closely made many attempts to forbid the
wedged together, that many efforts and bringing of water, but the clamour
considerable force was required to put was io loud, that he was not regardthem
in motion, and raise them again ed. The water appeared, but there
on their feet. It happened also, that at was no other way of getting it into
this time several of them were SO much the prison but by pouring it into hats,
enfeebled, that not heing able imme- and then Sorcing them through the
drately to recover their legs, they Sell bars oS the window. By this method
sfown, and there not being room to all the people in the place mi^ht
easily

easily have been Supplied, but the
impatience of the crowd, Sew of
whom were now under the government
of their reafon, was So great,
that tho' Mr. Holwell and the two
wounded gentlemen who were in the
window with him, brought hats full
of water thro' the grate with inceffant
labour, as fast as they could he
filled. yet much the greater part was
fpilt in the contest that immediately
enSued, and before it reached the
lips of any of the competitors, there
was not a Spoonful remaining. As
these at the windows were by this
means still unsatisfied, those behind,
to whom not a. drop of water had
yet reached, became frantic and furious
beyond all conception. Several
quitted the other window, and
forceing themselves forward with others
from the inner part of the room,
thtew down and trampled to death
many who were hefore them. They
ntiw pressed So hard upon Mr. Holwell
and his friends, who received
the water from the guard, that the
two gentlemen who were wounded,
and who, notwithstanding their condition,
had hitherto worked with him,
were crushed to death, and he him-
Self with his utmost effort, could Scarce
sustain the weight that pressed against
him on every Side.
This aggravation of their distress
wtiuld have been Soon over, if" the
water that had been first ordered in
mercy had not been continued for
f^ort. 'She wretches who had heen
ordered to bring it by lhe Jemmauttlsat,
perceiving the struggle and commorion
that it produced, took care
tco Supply it in great plenty as fast as
it was wasted, that they might be
entertained by feeing it fought for ;
^nd they held up lights to the bars,
that they might lose no part of their
^hitman diversion. As long as it was
la^inght to the window it was necef-
Seiry for Mr. Holwell to hand it into
nte prison, and this labour hecontinu-
^ without respite, from 9 O'blocktill
^ i I • he place around him was
E E ^ R U A R Y, ioi
then strewed with his friends who
had been either suffocated or pressed
to death in the conflict, and were
trampled upon by every corporal and
foot soldier who had strength enough
to force his way to the window, and
to whom he was obliged to hand
water as they stond on the dead bodiea
of his friends, who had fallen a sacrifice
to their impetuosity and delirium
Till this time they had preServed
Some deference for Mr. Holwell, as
their chief and benefactor, but all
distinction was now at an end, and
not content with pressing round him,
they laid hold on .the bars of the win^
dow over his head, and climbing up
on his shoulders, he was So pressed
and wedged up, that he was utterly
unable to move, and found it impracticable
to keep his station at the
window any lunger. He therefore
called out to them, and begged, as
the last instance of regard he should
ever request, that they would remove
the pressure that was upon him, and
permit him to retire out of the window,
that he might die in quiet,
There needed no argument to induce
them to make way for him ro quit a
place which every one wished to sill
in his stead ; the people therefore that
were next hira gave way as far as
they thought they could do it, without
affording any advantage to those
that were behind, and with much
difficulty he forced bis way into che
cencer of che prison. The number
of dead, which was now near one
third, and the crowding of thofe that
survived to the windows, at both
which there was still a supply of water,
left this part of the prison comparatively
empty ; but the air was So
putrid, and so filled with a strong.
urinous, volatile essiuvia, that his re-
Spiration became immediately difficult
and painSul.
Under the cast wall, opposite the
windows, there was a platform, being
a continuation of that in the barracks,
from which it was divided on-
^7

Iy by the north wall of the dungeon ;
it extended the whole length of the
cast fide ; it was raifed about 3 Seet
and an half from the ground, and was
about six feet wide. To the farther
end of this platform, over against the
innermost window, Mr. Holwell walked
over the dead, with which the
floor was now almost intirelv covered
; here he laid himself down, or
rather leaned back against Some dead
bodies that were behind him, and
determined in this posture ro wait Sor
bis dissolution : but in about ten minutes
he was Seized with So violent a
pain in the breast, and palpitation of
the heart, that he could no longer Stifsen
them without attempting a relief,
which he knew fresh air alone could
give him. There was now five ranks
hetween him and the opposite window,
but his strength being doubled
by his defpait, he forced his way
through three of them, and then
Seizing a bar of the window with one
hand, he forced himself also thorough
She fourth, so that there was but one
rank between him and the window.
In a moment his pain and palpitation
Ceafed, but being now seorchedwith
the Same thirst which those had suffered
who first called for water, he forgot
that he would then have prevented
the bringing of it, and called out
hiiuself for water with the fameclamotons
impatience that the rest had done.
Tire people who were next to him, and
neatly .in the fame Situation he was first
in at the other window, preferred their
presence of mind, and in Some degree
their regard to him, as Soon therefore
as they heard him cry out lor water
Sor God lake, they joined in the cry,
and called out ^ive him water, give
him water ? when it was brought they
would not touch it till he had drank.
But tho' by this act oS generous kindness
he had water in plenty, yet he
found that his thirst was rather increased
than allayed, and therefore
he would drink no mote t however,
to moisten his mouth, he Sucked his
shirt Sleeves, which were kept con-
M A G A ^ 1 N E of M A C A ^ l t ^ E ^
tinually wet by excessive perspiration,
and Sound the expedient Succeed he. ,
yond his hopes. He Seems to think
that the moisture which he thus drained
out of the linnen allayed that thirst
which a constantSupply of water rathet
increased ; but it is much more probable,
that the action of sucking contributed
mock more than the moisture
that was fucked, to remove the Sea.
Sation of burning thirst, by continually
and gently pressing the Salivsl
glands, and thus furnishing the moutli
and throat with a considerable degree
of their natural moisture ; for it caa
Scarce be deubted, but that if the
moisture contained in the shirt had
been pressed out, and then Swallowed,
it would have bern Sound as ineffectual
as the more pure and plentiful
supply from the Spring. How.
ever, as he was observed to suck hit
shirt sleeve with great Satisfaction h^
a young gentleman who stood neat
him without a shirt, he he^an to luck
the sleeve that was next him, without
considering it as invasion oS property.
But Mr. Holwell, who in these
circumstances thought the man that
robbed his shirt of its moisture, did
bim little lefs injury than if he had
robbed bis body of its blood, as S^os
as he discovered the theft, took care
to work upon the Same sleeve till it
was Sufficiently drained, and then hsd
recourse to the other.
It was not yet 12 o'clock and all
that Survived, except the few at t^windows,
were in the highest de^
ungovernable and outrageous ; si
they Sound no relief from water,
they now called out for air, btitatr
could not be procured, Every in^
that could be deviled was incesSa^
ly repeated to provoke the guards t^
fire into the prison, but without
Sect. Soon after the general rtitnu^
and uproar Subsided at once, attss
the greater part oS thole who ^
then living, the last remains of ^
strength being exhausted, lay tla^tb
and expired quietly on the de^
Some, ^ however, there were, al^

F E B R U A R Y ,
made the fame defperate and vigo- ,
rous attempt to supplant Mr. Holwell,
as he had just made to Supplant others,
and with the Same Snocefs.
A heavy msn, who had found means
to Seize on the bars over his head,
pressed him almost with his whole
weight ; a Dutch Serieant having
climhed over Several others, Supper.
ted himSelf on one os his shoulders,
sad a black Soldier bore very hard
on the other. Self-deSence is always
lawful, and Mr. Holwell finding it impossible
to Sustain tbis load and
live, oSten disengaged himSelf from
the poor serjeant and Soldier by
shifting his hold on the bars, and
thrusting his knuckles into their ribs,
hut the man that hung over him
hy the bar, he found it utterly impossible
to dillndge- Having suffered
this pressure from half an hour after
i a till near z in the morning,
his Spirits Sunk, and his reaSon be-
^an to Sorfake him ; he Sound it
impossible to keep his station, and
he could not hear the thought oS
retiring again to the inner part of
fire prison. In this dilemma he drew
a claSp knife Srom his pocket, intending
to put an end to his misery
ar once, but his reSolution Sailing,
or his reason once more gaining the
ascendant over his passion, he put
it up, and being determined to quit
the window, at all events, his burden
being absolutely inSupportable,
he told Mr. Carey, who with his
^ife was in the rank behind him,
las intention, and advised him to
make an attempt to get into his
l^ace. Poor Carey expressed great
thankfulness for the offer os what
^r Holwell could not keep, but
though he made the attempt to fucked
him, hc Supplanted by the
llutch Serieant, who has bern just
mentioned.
^r. Holwell, whom Carey assistin
getting thro' the press that
about the window, went Sor-
^rd among the inner ranks towards
Suush wall of the prison, where
he laid himself down with Carey.
and once more resigned himself to
death. Carey died in a very sew
minutes, and he felt a stupor come
on very fast, tho* he was Sensible
of no pain, and but little uneafineSs
of any kind. Before he quire
lost his recollection he reflected, that
if he died where he lay, he should
be trampled upon as he had trampled
upon others, This thought,
however whimsical or superstitious,
gave him fome pain ; he therefore
got up once more, and, with some
difficulty reached the platform a second
time, where he soon after lost
all sensibility ; the last thing to which
he was conscious was an uneafy
sensation about his waist, supposed
to be caused by his fash, which he
therefore untied and threw front
him.
There is no particular account of
what happened from this time till
day break ; but it may reasonably
be supposed, that it was only a continuation
of the same scene of strife
and distress. When the morning
dawned, which was about 5 o'clock.
no entreaty having yet prevailed to
get the door open, one of the company
thought of seeking for Mr.
Holwell, hoping that now the night
was past his influence might procure
their enlargement. Two os the
company undertook the search, and
aSter some time found him by hia
shirt, under the bodies os several
that had died and fallen upon him
after he hecame insensible. As he
appeared to have fome signs of life.
they carried him to the window
next the door, where there was now
no longer So formidable a prefs, only
23 oS 146 heing alive, and many
of them unable to stand. The
window itself, however, was still full.
and the stench of the dead bodies
being grown intollerable, nobody
would resign his station in favour
oS another ; he was therefore Carri-
ed back again, and once more deposited
upon the platform. But Soon
after,

ISd4 Tr^ M A G A ^ 1 N ^ of M A G A ^ 1 N ^ si
aStet, a gentleman whoSe name is of an unfinished ravelin, which was
Mills, and who is now captain of afterwards filled up with earth.
the company's yacht, having a seat Mr- Holwell, Mr. Court, Mr.
in the window, generously offered to Walcot, and Mr. Burdet were ordergive
it up for the common good, ed into the custody of an officer,
and Mr. Holwell was again brought and the rest were immediately set at
forward, and placed in the Seat liberty, except poor Mrs. Carey,
which Mr. Mills had resigned. whose youth and beauty caufed her
About this time the viceroy had to he detained Sor the conqueror,
received an account oS the havock or Some officer of state.
that death had made among the Mr. Holwell when he came out es
priSoners, but instead of Sending in- the prison was in a high fever, arid
stantly to preferve the Sew that re- not able to stand ; he was, however,
mained, he coldly ordered an en. Sent for, to he examined by the vicequiry
co be made whether the chief roy, and was in this condition carwas
among the living or the dead. ried into his preSence. It was Some
This enquiry was made at the win- time before he could Speak, bu: as
dow where Mr- Holwell had been loon as he was able, he began to
Seated, Sor the messenger had yet no relate the Sufferings and death ul his
orders to open the door, and the unhappy companions. The viceroy,
person he enquired after heiag shewn without taking any notice of this
bim, and it being probable that if tale of distress, stope him short, by
the door was Soon opened he would telling him, that he had been inSortnrecover,
the messenger hastened back, ed there was treasure to a very
and Soon returned with an order to considerable value Secreted in the Sort,
releafe them all- and that iS he did not discover it,
As the door opened inwards, and he must expect no merey. Mr. Holas
the dead were piled up against well replied, that he knew of no
it, and covered all the rest o. the such treasure ; and then began to
floor, it was impossible to open it remind him of his assurance the day
by any efforts from without, it was hefore, that no hurt should comeeitherefore
necessary that the dead ther to himself or his friends: To
should he removed by the few that this remonstrance he paid no more
were within, who were become so regard than be had done to the
seeble, that the task, tho' it was complaint, but proceeded in bis enthe
condition of life, was not per- quiry concerning the treaSure ; aad
formed without the utmost difficul- when be found no intelligence could
ry, and it was 2o minutes after the be got, he ordered the general us
order came, hefore the door could his houshold troops, whose name was
be opened. Mhir Mudden, to take charge oS
About a quarter after six in the Mr. Holwell as his prisoner.
morning, the poor remains of t46 Among the guard that marched
souls, being no more than three and before Mr. Holwell, when he went
twenty, came out of the black hole out from the presence of the vicealive,
but in a condition which made roy, there was a man who carried
it very doubtful whether they would a large Moratta battle-axe .on his
See the morning oS the next day ; Shoulder, which occasioned a report.
among the living was Mrs. Carey, first, that his head was ordered ttl
but poor Leech was among the be struck off, and afterwards that
dead. The bodies were dragged the Sentence was executed.
out of the hole by the Soldiers, and It happened unfortunately, thst
thrown promiscuously into the ditch Mr. Holsveil, in the hurry and c^
su^a

fufion of the Siege, after the fort
had been deserted by Drake, forgot
to Set Omychund, the black merchant,
whom Drake had injuriously
imprisoned, at liberty. This neglect
Omychund reSented as an act os
wilful injustice, and Mr. Holwell is
of opinion, that if it had not been
for Omvchund's insinuations, he
should have been discharged with the
rest, notwithstanding the offence he
had given to the viceroy by defendiag
the fort, and the notion that
prevailed oS his heing privy to the
concealment of money ; and in this
opinion he fays he is confirmed by
the confinement of 'the three gentlenren
who were detained with him,
who were all of them persons against
whom Omyubund was known to have
conceived. a particular resentment,
.Mr. Holwell, and his aSfociates in
captivity were conveyed in a kind os
ct^ach, drawn by oxen, called a
hackery, to the camp, where they
were loaded with Setters, and lodged
la the tent of a Moorish Soldier,
s^hich heing not more than 4 feet by
3 feet, they were obliged to lie,
nek as they were, half in and half
ort the whole night, which happened
to be very rainy ; yet the next
day their fever happily came to a
crisis, and boils broke out on every
l^rt of their bodies, which, though
they weyc extremely painful, were
she certain prefages of their perfect
recovery. The next day they were
removed to the coast, and by order
os General Mhir Muddon, were Soon
after Sent by Sea to Maxadavad, the
metropolis of Bengal, to wait the
Viceroy's return, and he disposed of
as he should farther determine.
^t Maxadavad they arrived after
a voyage of 13 days in a large
baat, in which they bad no berter
Prevision than rice and water, and
no SoSter hed than some bamboos
lod on the hottom timber of the
vessel; they were, besides, expofed
alternately to excessive heat and violent
rains, without any covering but
VOL. ^V.
F E I^ R U A R Y, 1^.
a bit of old mat and fome fctaps
of saaking. The boils that covered
them were hecome running fores,
and the irons on their legs had confumed
the flesh almost to the bone.
When they arrived at Maxala.
vad, Mr. Holwell sent a letter to
Mr. Law, the chief of the Fiench
factory, with an account of their
distress, and Mr. Law, with great
politeness and humanity, sent them
not only cloathes, linen, provision,
and liquors, in great plenty, but money.
About 4 o'clock on the 7th os July
they landed, and after marching
a considerable way as a Spectacle to
the multitude that thronged round
them, they were deposited under an
open shed, no: far from the palace.
In this place they received every
possible relief, not only from the
great kindnefs of the French and
Dutch chiefs, but the Arabian metchants.
On the 8th of July the viceroy
arrived, and the prisoners then learned
that he had enquired for them.
in order to set them at liberty before
he left Calcutta, and was offended
with Mhir Muddon for having
so hastily removed them to Maxadavad.
He did not, however, order
their immediate discharge when
he arrived, which it is natural to
suppose he would have done, if
they had been detained in custody
contrary to his inclinations.
On the i 5th they were conducted
to the place, to have an audience.
and to know their fate, but they
could have no audience that dav.
which, as it happened, was a favourable
circumstance, for at night
the viceroy's grandmother follicited
their liberty, at a feast, to which .
she was invited on his safe return,
and the viceroy promised that lie
would release them on the morrow.
On the morrow about 5 in the
morning, they were waked, and told
that the viceroy ^ould in a few
^ t^inutea

^ M A ^ A ^ 1 N ^ of M A G A 2 1 N E ^
minutes pais by to bis palace of but which affertions I shall take the
Mooteejeel. Upon this intelligence liberty from experience to deny.
they got up, and when the viceroy As to the unwholefomenefs oS milk
came in sight, they paid him the u- iS it curdles upon the stomach, no-
Sual homage, and uttered their be- thing can be more abSurd ; for all
nediction aloud. He looked at them milk must necessarily curdle in che
with strong marks of compassion in Stomach ; it is the nature of the stohis
countenance, and ordering his mach of every animal whatever to
litter to stop, he called them to him, curdle milk ; and there is, I believe,
and having heard a short eztempo- no instance, not even of infants,
rary petition, which was Spoken by bringing up milk uncurdled that has
Mr. Holwell, he made no reply, remained in the stomach but ever So
but ordered two of his officers to little a while : yet notwithstanding
see their irons instantly struck off, this, every one agrees, that milk is
and conduct them safely wherever the wholfomest of all foOd Sor infants.
they chose to go, giving them a And I would fain ask, whence comes
strict charge to see that they suffer- the soeces of animals that live wholly
ed no injury or infult by the way. upon milk, Such as calves, &c. iS the
This act oS mercy, however late, milk they drink docs not cnrdle in the
or Srom whatever motive, was the stomach t yet calves grow Sat, and
more meritorious, as great pains were every body thinks milk the wholfomest
taken by Some time-Serving Syco- nourishment they can take. The
phants to prevent it: They told Same likewise may be Said oS Sucking
the viceroy, that Mr. Holwell, not- children.
withstanding his loffes, was still pof- That thin milk is the wholesomelt,
feffed of enough to pay a conside- I likewise deny ; becaufe the curd of
rable Sum Sor his freedom, to which thin poor milk is found by experience
the viceroy nobly replied, « If be to be harder than that of thick rich
has any thing left, let him keep it; milk. Every one knows that cheefe
his sufferings have been great, and made of the former is hard and brithe
shall have his liberty.^ tie ; whereas cheefe made Srom the
Mr. Holwell and bis Sriends be- latter is mellow and fine.
ing thus difmiffed, immediately took That milk in general does not sboat,
and Soon after arrived safe at gree with all constitutions is readily
the Dutch Settlement at Corcema- admitted ; but tbat it disagrees with
bad, where he afterwards embarked any person because it curdles upon the
for England. [See Hist. Chs on.] stomach is denied; Sor then it would
diSagree with every body for the fame
The qualities of Mi/^ ctoofder'd reaSon Milk, it is presumed, would
not disagree with any person, pravid-
GENTLEMEN, Lambeth, Feb. 17. ed its qualities were properly attended
t^ff^Hough 1 am a very illiterate me- to ; for instance milk from an animal
chauic, yet l shall take the li- that has newly brought forth her
herty to dissent from the learned in young, is of a very different quality
one or two particulars, which may Srom milk of the fame animal nine
he worthy the public observation. or ten months afterward. In pref-
Firit. It is and has been the con- cribing milk, therefore, due attention
stant doctrine of the most celebrated should he paid to this observation, and
physicians for many ages, that if milk it is odds if milk would be found
curdles upon the stomach it is not hurtful to any person whatever; en
wholesome ; and it is likewise affirm- the contrary, in most caSes it would
ed by them, that the thinner rhe be Sound nourishing, ?nd the richer
fiilk is, the better for their patients ; the milk the better.
Ano^et

I^r F E ^ R 1 J A R Y^ 1 7 ^ .
Another adopted error among the
learned l shall take the liberty to oppose,
and that is, that the moon is
the cauSe oS the tides ; that the moon
may have Some influence in causing
the irregularity oS the tides may be
true ; but that the moon is the caufe
of the tides, or the ebbing and the
flowing of the ocean, ia denied ; hecauSe,
if that were the case, all seas
would, at times, be equally affected,
which is contrary to experience, there
heing no tide in the Great Baltic sea,
no tide from Hudson's Bay to the
Bay of Campeachy, a tract of many
thousand miles ; no tide in Lake Superior
in the Great American continent
; nor any tide in the Cafpian,
and other Seas. The learned must,
thereSore, look Sor a most general
theory of tides ; Sor that founded on
the moon is most notoriously deficient,
It is probable that the tides are owing
to a latent principle in nature, like
that of the motion of the heart in
the human body, for which no certain
caufe has yet been assigned.
Having taken the freedom to oppoSe
my poor opinion to the established
dectrine of the learned in these
two particulars, I shall next lay before
you some observations I have made
the process of nature in the
production of animal life. My practice
was when I kept poultry, to
hreak an egg a day during the whole
time oS hatching ; the first day I
could perceive no alterntion ; the second
day the tredaile was turned oS a
pale yellow ; and every day aSter turned
still more yellow, till at length it
grew red, and after that to the finest
hlaod, which, in a short time, thickened
to a substance, and that substance
Soon affumed a form, which form,
when it quickened into life, was nourished
by the yolk, and lay in the
white, as in a bed prepared on purpose
for its accomodation. Thus it
continued increasing till it grew too
bi^ for its narrow bounds, and burst
the walls os its prison, and came forth
perfect auitnal.
Another observation I have made.
of far greater utility than any of the
former ; and that is, in planting willows.
I have discovered a fpeciesof
the willow that will grow to a prodigious
size, even big enough sor masts
for the largest ships, and that in the
short fpace of 4o years. These masts
are better and more durable than fir,
because they can never fpring as fit
too often does ; and that they will
endure wet and dry far berter, and
continue sound longer under such circumstances
than any other kind of
timber that l have yet experienced.
The merhnd of planting them is this ;
Take fetsof a year old about the bigness
of a man's thumb, plant these
in rich marshy land, at the distance of
two feet every way, and when they
have stood 7 years, thin them, leaving
about 5 feet square to each tree.
In this Space they will grow tall and
strait, and pay the planter better, than
any other method os improvement
whatever. An acre of proper soil,
thus planted, will, at the end of 4o
years, he worth, at a moderate compulation,
l500I. which is more than
the same quantity of land will produce
in the fame time, by any other
method of culture now in practice
Fit. SADLER.
A.l^aulage^ur method of phi ruling frees in
Alormandy,
GENTLEMEN,
e^ff^HE Society sot the encourage-
.I. ment of arts, &c. having recommended
the planting of trees, l
hope the following account of a very
remarkable forest, in Normandy will
he acceptable to them, and of use to
the publick.
This foreSt is situated about two
miles from St, Loe, leading to the
Bishoprics of Bayeux, extends about
sour miles, and abounds with very
old oaks of a very large circuruserance
tho' but of a moderate height; but
in one part of it near the entrance
from St, Loe, there is a plantation
Ci a ^

TC^ ^ M A G A 1 N E of M A G d ^ l N E ^
of" about 25 years old, which have run
up an incredible height, some of the
trees being too feet, and none of
them are under 7o ; l believe the
plantation of thefe trees to be one of
the greatest curiosities in Europe, and
that the manner of it will be worthy
the attention of the society in their
laudable zeal for propogating the vegetation
of trees ; they are planted
very near to each other, and in all
appearance Seem to touch each other ;
they are not above 4 or 5 inches in
diameter ; but there is not an inch of
ground lost, and I am apt to think the
weight of timber grown, is treble to
that produced in the common manner
: Thefe trees are of great use for
hop-poles, and the thatchings of
barns, hovels, and the making of
charcoal. Trees planted in this manner
would give four crops of timber
in a loo years, betides thofe
that might be Sold out in their infancy
to furnish other plantations of the
fame kind.
This forest, is called Cressy, and
belongs to she K. of France, whose
minister^ ordered that plantation by
way of experiment; they have tranfplanted
several of the trees of loo
feet in height, proposing to themselves
the satisfaction of feeing them
branch Siom the top, not only as a
wonder, but as a useful example to
posterity.
The society having desired a receipt
to cure the epidemical flux, to
which sheep are So Subject, the farmer
is desired, upon the suSt appearance
of it, to houS'e their sheep, keep
them very warm, and seed them on
dry hay, giving them frequent glyfters
of warm milk and water ; the
cause of that distemper is either their
feeding on wet lands, or on grass
that is become mossy, by the lands
having been Sed many years without
being ploughed- When the Sarmer
perceives his sheep walks to be become
mosty, or to produce bad grafs, he
should either plough or manure with
ho; lime. making kirns either very
neat, or in the sheep walks, becauSe
the hotter the lime is put on, the
Sweeter she grafs comes up, and that
early in the year ; but it must be observed
that sheep in general are ai
delicate as ladies, and if once they
wet their feet, they certainly fall oil'
by fluxes ; in general l am

F E ^ R U A R Y,
of ore, so rich, that a common wood
Sire will melt them ; and when the inhabitants
break a key, or any other instrument
of metal of the like kind,
they search the fields for a clod which
they have found, by experience, to
Contain a metal fit for folder ; fome
pf this they apply to the broken part,
and then covering the whole with clay,
they throw it into the fire, where it remains
till they think it has received
Sufficient heat ; when It is taken out,
the clay is taken off, and the broken
parts are found strongly Soldered together.
The country produces two mineral
substances, which the author calls ayat.
; one of them, he fays, will
lattme like a candle, and therefore he
SuppoSes it to be a Sort oS bitumen ;
the other will flake into transparent lamina,
and being found only near the
volcanoes, he supposes it to be a vitrification.
Sulphur is Sound in Such
plenty, that fourscore horses, each
carrying 25o pounds weight, may he
leaded with it in an hour. This Sulphur
is found at the depth of about
two sect and a half, under layers of
barren earth, consisting os Sand and
clay of divers colours. It refembles
candied Sugar, and is So hot as Scarcely
to be handled. The labourers that
di^ it work in the night, that they may
Suffer less Srom the heat ^ and they tie
woollen rags about their shoes, to keep
their Seet Srom being burnt, The heat
is always in proportion to the depth :
^hen they have dug about four, or at
most five seet from the surface, the
heat is so great, that they are obliged
todefist, and Seek another vein, throwing
in the earth upon the vein they
Ifave, which in two or three years
vrill he replenished, and may be opened
again. With this sulphur the inhabitants
once carried on a very considerable
and gainful trade ; but a per-
Suir at Cophenhagen having Sound
means to obtain an exclusive grant of
it Srom the crown, it was taken out of
the hands of every one else, and the
^or.opoliaer Soon after dying othets
considering themselves as still restrained
by tbe royal prohibition, no sulphur
has been exported since, and great
quantities which had been dug and
lay ready to be-shipped off, were wasted.
It has been generally observed, that
every country abounds with thole
things which are moSt necessary to the
climate, particularly, that cold countries
abound with wood ; but Iceland
has not, in this instance, the usual alleviation
of peculiar disadvantages ;
for though the climate is exceeding
cold, yet wood is exceeding scarce.
There is not a pine, a firr, an elm,
a lime, or a beech in the whole island.
nor any other tree but a birch ; nor
are there any shrubs except juniper
and blackberry bushes, which are thinly
scattered here and there, and a few
low water-willows in the marshes by
the rivets fades. Some of these shrubs,
however, are tall enough to shade the
inhabitants from the fun, which In
their short summer is often very
hot. But tho' wood is now very scarce
on the island, it is imagined once to
have been plenty ; for roots of trees
have been often dug up, where there is
not now fo much as a shrub to he seen.
A very hard heavy black wood, resembling
ebony, is also frequently
found, not in logs, but in broad thin
pannels, about the fire of a moderate
table. These pannels or planks are
found at a considerable depth, and
always wedged in as it were between
rocks and great stones ; it is generally
clouded in different shades ; it is very
hard, but it is worked with a chiisel
plane, like other timber.
No part of the country abounds
with pasture, but the grass is not only
better, but os a quicker growth,
and in greater quantities in the northern
than the southern districts. This
at first sight, has the appearance of
a paradox, but Mr. Horrebow accounts
for it by supposing, that the
fnow, wbicb lies longest in those parts,
defends the herbage from the frost,
that kills it where the sucw melts
away

TI'^ M A G A Z I N E of MA G A 2 I N E ^
away earlier, as soon as it springs up. on any other Supposition, than that it
In the northern districts the Snow lies could not he made to produce any adupon
the ground till Midsummer, vantage equal to the labour. This
and when it first disappears, not one question, however, will he Soon deciblade
oS herbage is to be Seen ; yet, ded, Sor his Danish majesty is noty
in about twelve days there is gtaSs causing the experiment to be repeated,
near two seet high, very fine and fit having Sent many able husbandmen
for the Scythe. This basty vegeta- from Denmark and Norway for that
tion is produced by the almost perpe- purpose. The impediment seems ratual
influence of the Sun, which at ther to be in the Soil, than the climate,
this SeaSon continues above the hori- because tillage is used in Lapland,
zon almost the whole Sour and twenty which is yet colder than any part uf
hours. Some of the meadows are in this country, and the growth of the
a great meafure, free from rocks and corn there is So quick, that they^fasv
stones, but many of them abound in the grain and gather in their harvest
both, and seem to be little more than within 7 weeks.
a layer of vegetable mould Scattered Mr. HorreboW. who is very caresel
over the tops of irregular rocks, the to enumerate all the advantages of
points of which come through it, or Iceland, fays, that though the inhahiat
least' rise to the surface, So as to ob- tants have no arable grounds of their
struct the Scythe at every stroke; yet own, yet they import corn from athemowers,whoare
used to the Soil, will broad; and Some are able to Stock
cut dewn 30 square Sathoms in a day. themselves So well, that they are nevet
The author mentions no plants that in want oS bread all the year round.
grow in common here, except the In the district oS Skaytesteld there is a
coch/earia acetosa angelica, and an herb kind oS wild corn, of which the inhacalled
mofcut ceztharticus lcerandin', or bitants make bread, and which fhev
mountain grass. The mountain grafs, prize so much, that they will not exhe
says, is cooked up into a delicate change it for that which is imported
dish, and many people uSe neither meal The straw oS this corn is used Sor
nor flower while this herb can be pro- thatch, and Mr. Horrehow Supposes
cured, oS which there is great plenty- it to he the relinks of Some that was
It appears, however, that the climate formerly cultivated in the island.
will produce herbs of various kinds, Bears are Sometimes Seen in Iceland,
when the Seeds have been once Sowed ; hut they are not natives ; they come
Sor in the garden belonging to the pa- from Greenland floating on the ice,
lace there are peas, beans, parsley, and when a bear is once discovered,
cellery, thyme, marjoram, caggages, the inhabitants never lose fight of him
parsnips, carrots, turneps, and many till he is destroyed. They are slS^
other kinds os garden stuff. very careSul to track she Snow, left a
There is at preSent no com produc- beat should come on shore in the
ed in Iceland, but Mr. Horrebow has night, or without being Seen to land ;
taken much peins to prove that corn Sor if hears were to breed upon the
might be produced there, if the at- Island, the inhabitants would Staffer
tempt was properly made. His prin- greatly by the iofs of their cattle. Aa
cipal argument is, that corn has been Icelander never Scruples to pursue a heat
produced there formerly, as appears alone, and the weapon generally trSed
notonlyfrom traditiqn, but from several on this occasion is a fpear. If a Beit
laws Still extant, relating to tillage a happens to come upon an Iceland^
and ploughed land. But, supposing unawares, he throws Something co>
tillage to have been once used in this wards him to amuse him, which never
country, there is no possibility of ac- fails to stop him sor seme time : a ginv^
counting sot its being discontinued up- is of all thiugs the most proper on t^s
' ' ' occasion

^ f F E I^ R U A R Y, m
occasion, for Mr. Horrebow fays, that
the bear will never leave it till he has
turned every finger of it inside out ;
and as he is not very dexterous at this
work with his paws, it generally affords
the man time cither to efcape, or
attack him with advantage.
There are many foxes of different
colours in the island, fome of which
are white as Snow, and Some black as
a raven. The white ones are natives,
hut the black comc floashing on the
ice, l^e the bears, from Greenland.
The country abounds with patriots,
Snipes, ouzels, and beccasines ;
there are also some eagles, falcons,
Small hawks, and ravens. The falcons
arecatchedby the Icelanders for lthe
K of Denmark, who for every white
falcon pays t ^ rix dollars, for every
one that is half white ten, and for every
grey one seven .
Besides the birds that are found in
the island, there is a variety almost incite
along the coast, where all the
cliStsand Small islands are so perfectly
covered with their dung, which is
white, that they have the appearance
of chalk. Of these coast birds s o m e
are fit for food, as the Swan and wild
alack and geeSe of various forts.
The shores abound witb fish, particularly
herring and end, which come
in shoals at certain Seasons of the year,
^d are so necessary to the inhabitants
nS this country, that without them
they could nor he subsisted. Whales
alfo arrive off the coast about the end
of July, some of which are 240 feet
long- they heyc also porpuSes, Seacalves
and seals, which make a profitable
article in their fishery.
in the lakes and rivers there are plent^
of salmon and trout, which are extent
in their kind.
here is not a shake in the island,
^or is any known spot on the whole
^•ohe less infested with vermen of any
kind.
The aurora borealis and longh twi-
^nt, which are common to all count
s that lie very far to the north,
^r the tedious nights of this gloo-
my country, and enable the inhabitants
to perform their occupations long
before the fun rises, and after it sets,
without the assistance of artificial
light.
The cold in the winter is so intense.
that all the creeks and bays are frozen
up, but the sea at a distance from the
coast is kept open by the fwell ; it
happens however sometimes, that the
ice which floats from Greenland reaches
many miles from the north coast os
Iceland, and appears like another country,
being diversified with mountain^
and valleys, and defolate and barren.
eXCepr here and there Some birds that
hover in the air, and some bears and
foxes that appear clambering about
upon the ice. This adventitious region
of frost increases the cold to a
dreadful degree, and produces a perpetual
fog that obseures every object.
and admits no alleviation, but the
mournful reflection that it happens at a
time when there is no object which
a human creature would desire to fee.
The first inhabitants of this country
were Norweigians • the present
number is not more than 8o,00o, fo
that one tenth of the island, which
is 700 miles in extent, is neither cultivated
nor pcopled. They would be
more numerous, as has been observed
before, if they were not fwept away from
time to time by plagues and famine.
In the I 4th century a disease called
the Sorte dod, or black death, destroyed
almost all the inhabitants its
the place, and hunger has many timea
committed such devastation among
them, that izo have perished in a
single parish ; yet Horrebow says this
is a wholesome and plentiful country.
The island is divided into iS fyffels,
or shires, each fyffel being under ^
lyffel.man or tax-gatherer, who is alio
a justice of peace ; and these fyffela
are Subdivided into parishes : But the
principal part of the Inhabitants live
near the coast, and at each of the 22
harbours in the island there is what
the natives call a trading town or
factory ; but this ttading town con-

112 ^ M A G A 2 s N E ofMACA21NE^
fists of no more than 4 dwelling houses
at the most, each having a shop, warehouse
and kitchen.
The people in general are robust,
being inured to labour Srom their
youth ; the hoys, as Soon as they are
big enough to row a boat, enter upon
the task of life, a Series of cold
and toil, and hardship, and peril,
which continues till they die ; they
are generally worn out at 5o by incessant
fatigue and reiterated cold,
which they contract by heing oSten
wet to the Skin in the Severest SeaSon,
and keeping on their wet cloaths till
they are again dry : This brings on
tormenting and incurable coughs,
asthmas, phthSies, and consumptions,
besides other difeaSes that are the necessary
effects of immoderate labour
and insufficient food. Mr. Horrohow
however obferves, that iS tbey have
had Sood, it must be allowed they
have good teeth, which high Sauces
are known to Spoil, and that their
coarse rye bread Saves them the expence
and trouble oS purchasing and
using tooth powder and brushes. Tbe
women, tho' they are generally employed
within doors, are not blessed
with longer life or better bealth than
the men, being generally weak and
Sickly, and frequently Suffering irreparable
injury by hard lahonrs, and
the unskillfullnefs of their midwives.
As they have neither physician nor
surgeon among them, ' they resign
themselves to God when they are taken
ill, or suffer by any accident,
and leave all to the effort of nature,
except that they abstain. from tobacco
and Spirits.
There is nothing peculiar in their
manner of nursing their infants, except
that they are almost all brought
up by hand, or rather by horn ; Sor
instead of the breast, tbey put the
Small perforated end oS a horn into
their mouths, over which a piece of
rag is tied, and through this rag the
child sucks the milk that is put into
the bora at the other end. It bap-
pens, however, too often, that am^
the poor no milk is to be had, and
the poor infants frequently perish far
want of it.
[To be continued]
To She Literati and Schoolmasters ofGrear
Britain.
The Petition of C. G. and J. ihree
letters of the old Roman A^haba
Humbly Sheweih,
^ ^ •HAT your petitioners are os n-
, ^ pinion that their being Si^t the
greater part robb'd oS their true
sound in Latin, and an irregular arid
uncertain pronounciation (like that
they have in English) being gitea
them, together with the different
Sounds which all the vowels have obtained
in this island, makes the pronounced
Latin of this nation, tho' generally
much purer than that of
foreigners, almost as unintelligible re
tl em as tbe English itSelf, and proves
a great discouragement to those whe
desire to learn the English tongue.
It is with tbe greatest reluctance
that your petitioners remark that all
foreigners, who own you understand
T.atin perfectly, and write it
correctly account you very litrle
better than Barbarians in feveitl
parts of pronounciation, and in none
more justly than in those where your
petitioners are most abused : wherefore
your petitioners take leave Separately
and jointly to represent ; and
first C. that if you attend to anaingr
bis names is always ke, as it is founded
hefore all vowels, never so ; that
tbe depraved sound you give him before
ae, oe, e, i, andy, like the the ad
of s, is, by the most learned of you
confessed to differ from the ancient
usage of Greece and Rome, to be
unreasonable in itself, and to intr^
duce a strange confusion in words and
things ; So that caede and salo, ceeps
and sepi, census and senses, cicer and
ficer, cygai and figrti, and many thousand
others, have. in your manner oS
pronos^it^

^tr E E ^ U R A R Y, n ^
pronouncing, one and the same sound :
whenceit follows that my sound is in.
tirelv lost after s, and ccena and seena,
celerir and sceleris, and innumerable
words of the same kind, are confounded.
All which I humbly take
leave to refer to your consideration
and redrefs, as very well deferving it ;
and at the same time to tell you that
ioy true found is the Same with that
uSurped by the exploded k, and stands
elated to the harder Sound of g, as
p is to b , and on that account in the
inflation os words, g beSore a vowel
is changed into c before a consonant ;
as age, ai^uur, not agtnm ; /ego, lectum,
not /eglum ; in the Same manner as
firiho, scriptum. I cannot make an
end without complaining of the modern
Italians who aspirate me and Say
Chiceto for Cicero, altho' they very
well know that the old Bomans did
not Sound me with an aSpitate.
G, lays that hoth the Greeks and
ltemans always, and before all vowels,
pronounced him hard, Sounding
and ^enus, yiyt^^ and gigas as you
Sound him in your English words get
and give, but never as you do in
^neration and ginger.
iays that you pronounce him
very Saultily like a SoSt g in Latin,
etcept in derivatives Srom the Greek
as Jupiter, where he may be ale
lored that harder Sound ; that bis
true pronunciation is soSter and approaches
near to that oS the vowel,
and is the Same that the Germans, and
other adjacent nations give him ; that
their Jahr and your year are Sounded
^ste, that this true Sound is most undoubtedly
near to that os yout y hesore
a vowel in the Same Syllable ;
^d that iS yon SolleW' analogy, be
'inglit to be called ye as you say he
re- &c.
Wheresery your petitioners most humhly
request that they may be relieved
in the several articles of their comtlainsr,
anel thai the British youth may
^e rangbt ya oror^unce the Roman
language in a manner which will remove
all amhiguieies ; and your petitioners
as in dirty hound, will ever
pray, &c.
The following Proposals for a Regulation
of the crcouomy of the Sick on hoard hie
Majesty's .theps of War at Sea, war
sometime fince presented to the Rithe
Hon, GEORGE, Lord ANSoN, fiif^
Commissioner of the Admiralty, and
Admiral of the Blue, by Thomas
Reynolds, Ese ; formerly a Surgeon
on hoard his Majesty's Navy ; and as
they have never appeared in Print.
s't has been thought seaSouaahle to insert
them in our Magazine, at a time when
the shets are fitting out for large
Voyages, where thry would he of infinite
use in the preservation of /rse.
Mv Loao,
'^N the representation l am about
.I to present to your lordship, 1 do
not intend to mention any thing
under the denomination oS medicine,
as the object l have chiefly in view
it to offer to yonr lordship's consideration,
Such alterations in the present
oeconomv of the fick on hoard
his majesty's ships at sea, as will I
hope prevent in a great measure
thoSe general sicknesses that iO frequently
occur in his majesty's fleets,
by providing against many inconveniencing
that butb the sick and the
healthy part of our ships companies
are exposed to by the customary
methods that are witb little variation
generally practised in the navy t
In the doing of which l shall beg
leave to deliver my opinion with all
possible freedom, without any regard
to its heing agreeable to ot
different from the sentiments of others
on the Same subject.
And as l shall endeavour as much
as potlible, to avoid troubling your
lordship with minute pbisiological deductions,
to shew tbe Several causes
oS the diseases Seamen are most liable
to, I shall for tbe molt part,
^ confine

ls^. M A G A 2 1 N E
confine mySelf to what may he com.
prized under the articles of cloathing,
victualling, and lodging of the
sick, as well as the healthy pert of
the crews of our ships of war at
Sea, reserving to myself the liberty
of entering into particulars, asoSten
as it will be more immediately neceffary
for me to do So ; and, whenever
I may have occasion in the Subsequent
part of this letter,, to mention
any particular diseases as contagious,
or the methods to prevent
any diseafe from beroming contagious
at sea, or the causes of the
seUrvy, or the means to prevent its
Spreading by communication, &c. I
shall Sor the Sake us brevity, give
Sny opinion for the most part as
from my own authority, without
troubling your lordship with quotations
from authors in Support of it,
unless in Some particular instances,
where it may be in an especial
manner needful; though, if it Should
he tho't neceSSary, and l he called
upon 1o do for I trust I can easily
adduce the greatest and most respectable
names among physicians,
in justification os my Sentiments.
Agreeable to my plan l shall make
no Scruple to aSScrt that the Sea Scurvy
is more frequently a Supervening
than an original disease, and that
ir does frequently become contagions
on board his majesty's ships, and
is, in many instances, comrnunica.
ted from one person 1o another in
the latter and more advanced stages
of ir.
Thar the immediate cause of the
Scurvy is- a languid performance os
all the vital functions Srom the exhausted
Strength, or over action, of
the animal powers. from whatsoever
caufe ot causes proceeding ; and
that whatsoever retards sor interrupts
an equal and free circulation of the
blood, and orheS fluids. in and thro'
the patts oS the human body, whether
it he by rendering the blood,
and other fluids too gross or thick
to pass thro the s e v e r a l Systems of
of M AGA^JN^S
the fine meandring vessels. or by ren.
dering the vessels themselves unable
to protrude and circulate their contents
with the freedom and vigour
which is necessary to a healthy
state. and may be esteemed predifpo.
sing causes of that diseafe.
It is obvious, from daily experience
that nothing will sooner induce
Such a morbid state of the sound or
fluid parts os the human body, than
an accute or peinful diseafe, and the
consequent evacuations necessary to
the cure of it, or a long series of
hard duty under many disadvantageous
circumstances, where such nourishment
and refreshments as is ne^
cellary to restore exhausted vigour
is wanting : It is alio manifest, that
seamen are from the nature of their
employment. Sudden transitions to opposite
extremes of' climate, from the
lea provision.-, their own intern peranee,
and other considerations, more
subject to accute arid inflammatory
diseases, as well as to every kind of
hardship than any other set oftneu,
and consequently to the Scurry
But the nature of their employment
is unalterable, and the Sudden charge
of climate unavoidable, and it is to
he feared their intemperance, which
is in many instances habitual, will
not admit of such a restraint as it
were to be wished might be observed
among them in general.
It remains. therefore, that l offer
to your lordship's consideration Some
means to obviate their ill effects,
which l propose to do by such a
regulation in the cloathing, victualling,
and lodging of the sick on hoard
his majesty's ships, as is compatible
with the service : By which l hope
the health of our seamen in general
may the in fome measure preserved,
the sick enabled to undergo then
diSeaSes with less hurt to their con-
stitutionS, and thoSe on recovery^
. more speedily and effectually reftored
to health and strength, and lately,
diSeaSes in general be prevent^
from becoming at any time general or
contagic^

^ r F F I a R U A R Y ,
contagious. But first, as ic may be co precend to dictate to my bre^
expected l should give some reason thren from my own conjectures in
why l omit so considerable an ar- a matter of so much importance, as
tide towards the recovery of' the many among them are, to my cer-
Srclt, &c as that of medicines thought tain knowledge, much more capable
to be, l betr the following may be of judging what conduct is most
accepted. First, l mutt freely own proper for them to observe in the
that in the latter and more advan- several cafes thae occur in the course
ced stages oS the seutvy, when the os their practice than l can honestly
symptoms run high, and make hasty pretend to, though l were present
approaches towards thole dreadful with thera.
appearances enumerated in the black TheSe things heing premifed I
catalogue in the history oS the Cen- shall proceed in the next place to
Union's people which they often do, lay before your lordship Some parti •
especially in Some of our channel culars, under the first article I procruisers,
then I Say So Sar as I have pose to Speak to, which is that oS
been able to obServe there is very the cloathing the Seamen on board his
little hopes Srom the prevalence of majesty's fleet at Sea.
anv medicine whatever, for l could
never diS'coyer to ray Satisfaction the Of Cioaihing the Seamen on hoard his Ma-
^oed effects of fpecifick medicines as S-sty's .5hips al ^ea.
Some others are Said to have experienced,
nor indeed that any meeli- 'I 1^711 AT I have to offer to your
canes at all were attended with Sue- ^ y lordship's consideration under
ceSs, unless in Some particular instan- this bead will, l hope, upon reflecticeS
where fluxes of blood, or other on, appear of more importance tocolliquative
discharges, are to be re- wards the preservation of health astrained
; and even in those cafes Such mong Seamen than is commonly imagi -
articles of the Materia Medica take ned, and therefore worthy of your
place as are effectual, when the same iordship's attention.
Symptoms arise in the course of any o- I need not mention the necessity
sher disease • for these reaSoas, and your lordship, or whoever has the dishe
considerations arising from the rection of the naval affairs, is under
Symptoms in Scorbutic patients, heing to have recourse to the impressing men
So diversified and complicated, that for the service, as often as there is ocperhaps
there were never any two caslon for equipping a large Squadron
^ises wherein they were in all res- or fleet of ships os war, and that
l^cts precisely the fame, the abfur- sometimes a very considerable part of
dity of prescribing general, or parti- our ships companies consists of men
lalar medicines, will sufficiently ap- who are by this method forced into
l^eat, as the proper administration of the service very much against their
them must always depend upon the will ; but it may be proper to observe,
lament of the person who has the that there are many among them who
eare ot the sick. are mere landmen. who for the merit
To the foregoing reasons I may part have been used to live in plenty
^ith justice add, that the surgeons and idleness, rioting in all excesses,
employed in his majesty's ser- utter strangers to a lea life, and the
^'ee, are in general acquainted inconveniences attending it, and un-
^tth the rationale of the diseases sea- able to undergo the several kinds os
^en are most subject to, and the hardships that are inseparable Srom
raost Successful methods oS treating Such an employment, These people
it would therefore be equally are generally destitute of any other
^eSumptiou^ and ridiculous in me cloathing than what they happen to
P a have

11^ M A G A 2 1 N E of M A G A 2 S N E ^
have on their backs at the time of
their being impressed, which, in many
instances, is barely sufficient to
protect them Srom the injuries of the
weather, or indeed to Serve the purposes
of personal cleanlineSs, which
is a circumstance bv no means to be
disregarded. Your lordship knows
they are Supplied by the purSer of their
respective ships, bur not often So fonn,
Or in Such proportion, as their necessities
require, on account of their not
having wages enough due Srom the
government so pay for them, in cafe
they should Soon after run awav from
their ships, and when a Supply can be
procured, it is Seldom in fuch proportion
of all kinds as their necessities
require; and when thefe people come
to Sea, thus: unprovided, and are in
the ordinary course of their duty occasionally
expoSed to all the Severities
of the weather, not having Such
change of apparel of every Species as
is necessary to shift them when they
are wet. but are obliged (as it often
happens) to wear their wet things Sor
Several davs and nights together, it is
no wonder that they are in a more
especial manner Subject to diSeaSes ;
and we find by daily experience, that
theSe people are generally the first
that fall lick, whenever they have
been for any time constantly exposed
to hard duty at a rigorous Season oS
the year ; Sot, it is to be observed,
that the constitutions of too many
of these unSortunate people have received
a mortal wound, at a very early
age. by every kind of intemperance.
and being cut off from the powerful
refources they uSed to find in a plenty
of proper nourishment, and the refreshment
of necessary intervals of rest
and Sleep, that fovereign restorative
of exhausted strength, they then in a
more efpecial manner seel the effects
of their former excesses ; in such severe
tryals thoSe latent infirmities of
constitution are discovered, which
were hetoro concealed even from their
own knowledge ; in this situation the
statin of the ship is informed of
their illness, together with the occasion
of it, viz. the want of dry closrhing
to shift them after their being wet
through upon their watch, but here
we have the misfortune to find we
are not acquainted with the cause of
a man's sickness till the effect has taken
place, and is rendered incapable of
duty perhaps for that cruize at least,
if no worse eon fequence attends it;
whereas if we bad been acquainted
with his wants in time, they might
have been supplied at an inconsiderable
e.xpence and bis sickness with all
its corisequence^ have been prevented.
There are many seamen too that may
be justly considered under the Soregoing
circumstances, who by that liberality
of temper and love of good
fellowship that so generally prevail
among them, are for the naoSt part
disposed to he more regardleSs of the
suture than is consistent with that
prudence, which is necessary to be observed
by all who are engaged in an
employment So precarious and Sull of
danger as that of" a Seaman's is.
'I o remedy, or prevent as much as
possible, the inconveniencies arising
from the want oS necessary apparel among
our Seamen, l beg leave to re'
commend to your lordship to order
that every common Seaman, and everl
petty osticer in general under the degree
of a midshipman, on board ot
every ship of war, may be Supplied
svith four shirts at least, and tvru
changes of every kind of apparel, before
their respective ships break ground
from the port from whence they pt^
ceed to Sea ; or at least with Such an
addition to their refpective stocks as
will amount to the beforementioned
proportion ; and this I conceive may.
with the utmost eaSe, be pot in pr^
tice, by mustering the ship's Compaq
and obliging every man to prodt^
his stock oS every Species of appit^'
and by causing their deficiencies to be
supplied, and when they are once
plied any emberzlements may ^
easily prevented, by mustering I ^
ships company at proper interval^

f^r F F ^ R U A R Y , ii7
Sea t and if, upon examination, any
deficiencies appear, it will be manifest
that it is owing to that pernicious
traffic that is too much practised among
Seamen, of buying and felling
etech other's cloaths Sor drink ; and
this custom so full of iH consequences
may, I am persWaded, be altogether
Suppressed in a very short time, by inflicting
Such penalties or punishments
as your lordship shall think proper, on
all who are concerned either as buyers
or Sellers in this iniquitous kind of
merchandize. If the befoiementioned
regulations are allowed to take
place, it will probably be the means
oS preServing the health, and prolonging
the lives of a great number of thole
very useful, but too much neglected
people on beard his majesty's ships of
war at fea. But here I am sensible
it may be very justly objected, that
unless fome means can be found to
oblige the contractors for flops to
firpply feamen with thole of every
kind, more Serviceable than what they
are at present furnished with, the
good ends of the preceding regulation
will be but very imperfectly answered,
notwithstonding any diligence
or care in the execution of it ; for
^ti: no uncommon sight to see a shirr,
a jacket, or a frock, or any other
kind of garment taken up from the
purser, dropping off the poor fellow's
backs in a very sew days after they
are first put on, unless they bave art
and industry enough to take them to
pieces, and new make them before
they wear them ; which very few of
them are provident or skilful enough
to do. This objection, indeed, ^is
founded upon evidence too strong to
be denied, and I am perfwaded your
ktdship has Seen more instances of
she truth of it than you can remem-
^et with pleaSure. My lord, I have
t^ot the least intention or design of
catting any ignominious reflections on
she contractor or contractors. Indeed
ana not acquainted with either their
^etlons, or their names, and of course
have no enmity against them,
nor can I venture to fay they are at
all to blame, as, for ought l knc.w to
the contrary, the flops may be as oood
as can be afforded at the contract price.
which I am alio ignorant of ; bur this
l dare affirm, that as this matter was
conducted a few years ago, and au I
am told is at present conducted, it is
a grievous imposition on the poor seamen,
and a great injury to the service,
and therefore l make no doubt
but it will be thought worthy of your
Lordship's attention, and deserving
of a Speedy and effectual redress.
I shall not trouble your Lordship
with any thing more on this head, but
proceed to consider what is proper for
me to represent under the article of
victualling.
[This will he inserted in our- next.
The great S'lir teihich is at present made
concerning the Importation of Irish
Cattle, wi// render the following Breviite
of two .Arguments, made use of
ed79, by THOMAS P^PlLLON, Fse;
Member of Parliament lor Dover,
A ea A i N ST continuing the Bill for Prohibition
of Irish Cattle, a seasonable
Amusement to every iniisiigent Reader.
[From his (Srigina/ Papers in the Pssassan
of David Papillon,sen. Efq;J
' 1 H E first argument was made
I the 6th of aMay, 1679. on the
first reading the bill. and wats taken
from the Consideration of England and
Ireland as thev stand in relation one to
the other.
Ireland is an acquest belonging to
Fngland.wh.ich hath been acquired and
maintained at great expence of English
blood and treasure.
The state of the Question is, what
the true interest of England is in reference
to Ireland, which certainly is.
to make Ireland ferviceble and ad.
vantageous to England, and not to
Set up Ireland in competition with England.
It is a consideration worthy of an
English parliament to make Ireland profitable
to England.

^ 1 ^ M A G A Z I N E ofMAGA21NE^
This cannot be done by excluding commodities of other countries, and
them a trade to England, that's to making Holland the staple, and from
make them independent of England, thence handing thera to the rest os the
and to force them to a trade with fo- world.
reign countries, and So to a familiarity God harb given Ireland to England,
and correspondence with thera. all its riches, all its commodities are
But the way for England to make ours, and what, Shall we reject them,
Ireland advantageous, is. that England and Say we won't have them ? ' set
should be master of all the commodi- France have them, let Holland hate
lies of Ireland, and no commodities them, we will nor Suffer them to cotne
whatsoever to he transported outoSIre- into England.
land to any other part but to England, And what's the reason; if Irilk
and so from England handed to all o- cattle come in, it will make Farther
parts of the world. lish cattle Sail in price, and thereby
Is it not a great advantage to any the sense of our breeding lands will
country to have the staple os trade, fall.
and to be the magazine of commo- Pray consider, how came the lands
dines r in England to the value tbey are now
Why do persons engross commo- at ? That which in ancient time was
dities, but that when they arc the worth but 4os. a year is now worth
sole masters of such or such a com- aof a year. Whence came this admodity,
and have it all in theit own vance of lands ? Certainly from
hands to make an advantage by raising trade, from foreign trade ; it is that
the price. which hath railed our lands eo what
The French and Dutch armies and they are.
garrisons were, during the last wars, Those gentlemen that would by a
Supplied and upheld by Irish provisi- law keep out Irish cattle to advance
ons, corn, beef, butter, &c. If these the rents os the land, will find they
must have been handed to them thro' mistake their own interest. There ts
England, besides that it would have a present geood and a future good. It
been in the power of England to have raay possibly fallout that lor the prefeat
distressed one side by with-holding, and they may make some advantage till the
accommodated another by furnishing trade cornea to find another coarse.
them according as its interest lay, Trade will nor he forced, but will have
would not much advantage havcaccru- its course: if it meets with a Stop ia
ed to the English in the employment of one place, it will find a vent another
people and ships for carrying the faid way. Cheapness os provisions, in a
provisions, and also profit thereon, natural way, is a great blessing, and So
which must all have been paid by the is dearnefs of provisions by the increase
foreigners r of trade and people.
If all the commodities of Ireland But to make things dear by force,
must pass through England, then all in keeping out Supplies, is a despising of
foreign commodities that Ireland wants God's blessings, and will bring a cheapwould
be supplied by the same way, ness, by a decay of people and trade.
which would he of great advantage to For consider,
England. What will he tbe consequence ft^
How have the Dutch arrived to England, of prohibiting the Irish a
that wealth and greatness they have trade to England t
attained to, not by forbidding the Ireland is seated for the trade os she
bringing in of commodities from o- world, more advantageously than Farther
countries, but by encouraging land ; bath abundance of good hat'
the importation, by engrossing the bouts, lies open to the Sea, and hatlt
a people

a people gone out Srom England, and
planted there, that are acquainted
with trade, &c.
You will not let their cattle come into
Fogland.
This puts them on breeding sheep,
Sor which purpoSe quantities have been
S'^at out of England thither since this
act was first made.
They will Sec up the trade oS making
cloth and stuffs, which by reason os
the cheapness of their provisions, they
may afford 4ol. per Com. cheaper than
fhoie made in England.
Hereupon our clothiers and manufacturers
will he forced to go and settle
in Ireland . what gain will there he
to keep out threescore thousand beasts,
aad Send away ico,00o men, for So it
will be in time.
And because from Ireland they cannot
Send their cattle alive to any other
place So well as to Fngland, they will
take care to feed them, and furnish
all the world with their flesh, tallow,
and hides.
The commodities which the French
and Dutch have from Ireland, sets
them up, and enables them to outdo
the English in trade. Thereby
they are enabled to victual their ships
cheaper, haying Irish heef at 6s. or
per Cint. when we pay 22 to 24s.
per Cent.
Lhey are Supplied with Irish wool
lar their manuSactures, which is one
tea Son ours are slighted, and though
.ere he |a^ against the transporting
of wool but to England, yet they
^e easily cvaded when the course
their trade lies with foreigners,
hed ^ ^ ^ ^ great measure to Eng-
^ that the consequence of excluding
the trade of cattle from
Ireland, will set np frc^nd in coinpetition
with England sor trade. And
felted having tbc udvantage, must
^eedS diminish England, and as trade
Reclines in England, the rents os
^ads will Sad, ^d they that now
^ ^shonatcly prcsa toy this act ^
F E ^ R U A R Y, nt^
repent it, but not be able to retrieve
it,
Whereas, if all the Commodities
of Ireland were only to be from thence
brought into England, it would very
much increase the trade of England.
prevent the setting up the trade of
woolen manufactures in Ireland. the
linen manufacture being most proper,
to whieh they might be encouraged,
aad by the increase and continuance
of the trade in England rents of
lands would augment and hold in Succession.
It was objected, Are not the Irish
so fettled already in their foreign
trades and correspondences, that this'
this act be laid aside, and the trade
to England open again, yet the Irish
would go on in their trade to foreign
countries, and thereby England would
he deprived of any advantage or benefit.
To this it was anfweted.
That as it was this act at first, that
put the Irish on foreign trade, and took
them off Srom their trading to England,
so it might be hoped that if this
act ceased, they would alter their course
again in a great measure at least, they
not heing fully fixed, the nature of
their land heing more proper for
breed of great cattle, and their inclinations
not yet totally alienated from
England.
However, it was good to try thia
experiment, as heing the most mode,
rate way, and if this did not do, either
expedents must be thought on.
So concluded to reject the bill.
The other argument was made the
13th of May 1679, on the second
reading the -bill, and was taken from
the consideration of England in itself.
An English parliament did represent
all the people of Fngland, and therefore
ought not to be carried by any particular
interest, but to mind the general
concern of the kingdom.
Eight parts in ten of the people of
England had neither breeding land
nor

1 ^ M A G A 2 1 N
nor feeding land, and it was the interest
of all of them to have provisions
cheap.
It" it be said, that it is the lands
of England that bear the charge and
burden of the government, and therefore
that is principally to be considered.
It is .anSwered,
I. That though it be true, that the
lands hear the extraordinary taxes
and charge, yet the constant and standing
revenue of the kingdom is horn
by the people in customs. excise, &c.
So that on that account the peopie
ought to be considered in the first
place.
II. That of those two tenth parts
that were owners of land, the owners
of the feeding lands did bear at least
the two third parts of all the extraordinary
raxes.
All the thirteen counties in Wales
peid but ahout 12001. per Month to the
rax, and the county os Suffolk alone
paid above 16001.
The county of Cornwall paid but
yool. per Month, and had 44 members
in parliament, the cily of London paid
21001. per Month. and had but sour
members os parliament.
So that is was demonstratively the
interest of nine parts in ten of all the
people of England to have a free importation
of Irish cattle, and to have
provisions as cheap as may be.
Therefore moved to reject the bill.
But if notwithstanding all that can
be said, the house shouldbe of opinion
to commit and pafs the bill.
Then he did move by way of addition
or amendment to the bill, and
therein did appeal to tbe justice of the
house.
That as live cattle were prohibited
for the benefit of the breeding
land, fo that butter, hides, tallow,
and corn might be prohibited for the
advantage of the feeding lands, there
being the fame reason for one as the
other. lie Said he might also move
for the prohibition of Irish wooll into
England on the same ground, but that
be knew it Sao destructive, that he Sor-
^ of M A G A 2 1 N 2 ^
bore, though the Same justice might
challenge it.
Further he moved, That if the ad
must paSs it might he made perpetual,
that so the owners of rich lands might
not neglect to apply themSelves ro
breeding cattle, on hopes, that at the
expiration of this act the trade would
be open again.
Lastly, as to the declaring the importation
of Irish cattle a common
nuisance, he could not understand it.
A common nuisance must be that
which is detrimental and prejudicial to
the generality os the people : that
which is only detrimental to a particular
person or to a sew in comparison
of the whole nation, cannot be a common
nuisance.
Now he takes it, that the prohibition
(and nor the importation) os Irish
cattle is detrimental to the whole, hut
take it at the best, there is but one
part in ten that have benefit by it, and
tbe other nine parts have sols by it; fo
that it is impossible it should he a comsoon
nuisance when but one of ten Suffer
by the importation : much mote
reaSon there is to Say, that that prohibition
is a common nuisance, because
nine parts oS ten are Sufferers thereby,
and but one part gainers. It was alledged
formerly that though the ching
irself was not a common nuifance, ret
the not yielding obedience to an ael
of parliament was a common nuisance •
but this though true (it berng a great
evil that laws should be eluded) it
no reaSon why it should be inserted
in this act, more than in any other
for iS the not doing every thing ett'
joined by a law, and tbe doing every
thing or any thing Sorbidden by a by
must he a common nuisance, then Ian
clause ought as well to be inserted is
every act of perliament as well 2s it
this.
Further he Said, he hoped the
tice of the house, and even os the^
gentlemen that were So earnest sot ^
act, would be mindful. that if this mt
palled, care should be taken whe^ ^
taxes came to he charged oa

F E ^ R I. ^ A R Y,
that thole counties that received henefit
by this act, should be raised considerably
in their proportions and the ofherS
abated. Some gentlemen had
faid, if this act did not pafs, they
Should loSe Some 1o00, Some 200,
300 and 4001. a year. If their advance
in rents was So great by this
ad, it was but justice that their proportion
of the taxes should he railed
accordingly.
G^ntLEMEN,
Masting, Feb. 1a, 1758
^ S a CstalepSy is one of the most
extraordinary Phenomena in the
^rhde eiase of Diseases, your injirliug
the following Case in your Magacine,
may he a Meant of rendering it
adorable, as webs at useful, to theyounger
of your physical Readers, and oblige your
Bumble Servant, Cu lRUROlCus
f ^IPON the 5tb of December last,
J. W. aged 29, was seined with
a vertigo in his head, attended with
pain nausea, and vomiting; all which
Symptoms, the following day, greatly
abated ; but as a heaviness in his
head still continued, be lost Some
blood, and Soon afterwards, the stupor
increasing to a great degree, was
hi ft ered on tbe back In the morning.
of tbe next day, wbicb was the
Hth he was seieed with a catalepSy.
^hen l came to bim, he was in an
erect posture, and as immoveable as
a statue, without any SenSe or morion ;
his breath entirely uninterrupted, and
his limbs moveable, but continued in
the Same position in which you placed
them home time after the commencement
of a paroxysm, there was
Such a violent palpitation os the heart,
that it might be heard to the most distant
part oS the room in which be was,
ted which was pretty large. But
notwitl lauding the palpitation, the
^alfe appeared very little accelerated ;
she colour os his face was extremely
u^tid, and hisjawS so contracted, as
^OL. ^V.
to render it impossible to open them.
which l Several times attempted. I
thrust the point os an incision knife
Several rimes under his nails, which
he appeared wholly insensible of and
which had no other effect than
causing two or three drops as blood
to appear. Neither did he Seem in
the least affected with the violent
noises which I caused to he purposely
made. home oS the Sp. Sal. Annmon.
I two or three times injected by
his noSe, which was ineffectual After
trying in vain to excite him by
almost everv thing that I could devise,
Such as violent noise, pain of different
Sorts, and the strongest volatile
Salts and Spirits, I had recourse to
causing an haemorrhage Srom the nose.
which aSter flowing with a thick grumous
blood Sor the Space os two or
three minutes, had the good effect to
recover the patient Srom the fit, after
having bern in it near sour hours.
Upon coming up to himself he sighed
greatly, stared wildly about, and expressed
the utmost conSusion and Surprize,
and complained of great pain
in that part of his back where the vesicatory
had bern applied, in the
tops of his fingers where wounded
with the incision knife, and in his
nose, which had bern stimulated with
volatile Spirits, and wounded to procure
an haemorrhage. In the evening
1 gave him an emollient clyster.
and administered ten grains oS musk.
and the Same quantity oS factitious
cinnabar. Next morning .l gave him
another bolus, and continued it every
morning and night Successively,
till l had reaSon to judge him out Of
danger, and thought it proper to
give him the following electuar ry.
lit Cart. Pernv. Line. j. Pufv. e Rad.
Sery. V Drachmirfs. Syr. Restir. Solatrv. •
q f. which after continuing for ahout
a week, be was pretty well recovered.
and now continues very well, except
now and then a tremulous motion of
the nerves.
^ Ll 0T

M A G A Z I N E of^MAGA21NE^
L 1ST o f a V I R G I L I A N L OT T E R Y. drawn in 175^.
The P O P E
Sue cingue tab^rem Each by his proper fortune stand er fall,
Fortunemeue sinuat , f^ez Jupiter ^rmkus idem. Equal and ur.coucern'd 1 look en els.
aEnerd x. v y
The EMPEROR
—^let.e uutu Jaeanrs euut res bitter ^aasa pow'r prevai't,
aEn vii. re e^a And ev'ry method of ceaol couasellaih.
The EM P R E ^ ^ (^U E E N.
Flellere si ee^ueyseperos, Aeherwaa mavebe Wbat ! the* the partial beavn'a my arms repel,
.En. vri. v. Its. I'll raise new lessee, from tho depth as Hell.
The E M P R E ^ of RUSSIA.
s aaarium et matassle scop. r Woman's a various and a chanceful thing.
Fremine—- sEn. iv. er.
The RING of GREAT R R I T A 1 N.
^e curly quastrta uilo, neu iutbtee eeeaii Ye faered eeffspring of eme oaky gesree,
VracaaiUr ; pry^uostyis in moatrbur wtas. He that your lately whersoe'r yen rove.
aEn. is. v. ^r.
The RING of FRANCE.
^a persona tike hells dsendre frstr t The war was thine, thy trembles new eesnplest.
s aEn. vii. v.
TheRSNGas^FAlN.
Ne uere, ue me ed teles imp lliteptgaar . Yet urge me not to arm in Such a cease .
sEn. si. v. ry^.
The RING as PORTUGAL.
• i si^uni ameer, terruoue dehesinus Earth yawns, and ancient rivers cease to f^e.
Geo. a. sr. 47^.
The RING as S A R D 1 N s A.
etirs5eh'^uidesmeu^ue decaescoe. not even was my name
Ge^-rmus. .En. ii. si. Obfaaere. nor 1 without my shsre of fame.
The R 1 N G as PRUSSIA.
V.r Tryaue. caibus cz.o te tOudrbus aaauem ^ Aaspicinua prince, in elms e mighty same I
JrasinaeeprruS merer, hellcxe laheram -' Bat oh ! thy justice fee oetgee. thy SemeaEa.
si. v. at^.
The RING as DENMARK
— samprszimus erdet And next Ureses to flames a prry.
I'alegon, aEii. si. ar. Ira.
The RING as SWEDEN
ffeedure et r^as zorite5me telra c^eat. - against my will, my Sa'O.
aEn. i. as. e^y. A throne unsettled, and tho beawls et state.
The R s N G as POLAND.
^sr paella siuet et dasrie liuqeimrr urea. Deom'd frotn my native conntry now to rears.
Fatl. i. u. f.
Th HOLLA N D E R
At treheye etine mores tautis lr et adder- rehes. Inactive we expect the dismal dry.
sEn. rir. u.
T^e VENF.T1ANR
.'^ulleselas belle, pecemte pof mas runnes. Peaeebu onr choice;pefe famine snd celd deatS
sEe. ri. u. ^a Attend on bloody war's infectious breath
The GENOESE. „
Vane L.gar, frustrate auimis elate superhis. Yain Hate ! undone by Senatorial pride.
-aEu. si. v. li^.
The CORsyICANR
^untrue uetle premauU ; morsels eygymuo ubhyfe No Gods otar arms eppase>
^sniasls;Sendemuasiseinmueuere^ru^ue. Men, trke otarielvea, and mortals are our soes.
aEn. sr. V. lie.
The GERMAN Psrr.eea.
Abuser^ juitwes tits ^remains erfO All Geyuamp resounds the din as srrsas.
Aodrt — Ceot. L U. 474
The Grend SEIGNIOR.
^tdd^yrdu^v rumpus cywet. a^op^areeurrxi. Now call tho fiery couriers as thy car ;
^ as. r. it Ity, storm th err tamp, sod ^ive a leasstowso

t^r F E B R U A R Y ,
The History of the hist Sessias of Par/ia- to leave one regiment or company m
mere', with an Ae.count ol all the ma- order to list voluntarily and freely in
teria/ Questions therein determine^ and another, it ought to be prevented,
of the political Disputes thereby oc- as it would he some restraint upon an
casened without
fromp. 46.
Doors. Continued
officer's using any private soldier in a
t irannical, or more harsh manner than
the Service requires, and consequently
would contribute towards preventing
r-I^ H I S was the chief substance desertion.
of this bill, which was to con- Such an indulgence as this, estabtinue
in force until the end of the lished by law, in Savour of our pri-
then next session of parliament ; but vate soldiers, would make the recruit-
among the other clauses of the bill, ing of our array in lime oS war, as
there was one which enacted, " That well as in time of peace, much more
the Treasury might cause 4os. of eafy and less expensive than it is at
everv pound bounty money peid out present ; for many of our young brave
as the land tax, to he repaid into the fellows would, in time of war, bo
Ftchequer, by the respective pay- proud of listing in our army, not only
masters of the forces, out of the pay sor the glory os serving their country
received for thole forces, to make in time of danger, but in hopes tbat
^ood the credits on the land tax, and they might by their courage rife to be
to he applied to the satisfaction of commishoned officers, if they were
the principal and interest thereupon.*' sure of having a right to demand theit
a^ow in the writing or engrossing of discharge as loon as the war is over.
this clause, ihe word pound, was by But as our military laws stand at pre-
mistake, put for the words ehree sent, no man, in his right wits, will
pounds, which mistake was noe ob- ever cbuSe to list in our atmy ; for
served until after tbe bill passed into the condition of a private Soldier is
a law ; and therefore it became ne- really terrible. To he engaged for
cessary to bring in and pass, in the life to serve in tbat station, or at least
Same Session, an act to rectify this until a man has bern so disabled by
mistake.
wounds, or become so decrepit with
Thus, from the whole tenor of this
age, as to be unable to provide for
hill, it appears, that no reasonable ob-
himself, and at the fame time to be
jection could be made against it, On
very uncertain of being ever admitted
the contrary, it is to he hoped, that
into the hoSpital oS Chelsea or Greenit
wiiI lay a foundation for a new law,
^ wich, must shock any man who has
or Some new clauses in the mutiny any forethought, or any concern about
^ II, for enabling every private soldier, his suture existence, either in this life,
aster three years service, to demand or that which is to come: To which
hi discharge in time of peace, under
proper regulations, for preventing too
many demanding their discharge in
^ae year from any one regiment or
company - and Por preventing its heing
in the power of any fellow to dented
his discharge, out of one com-
I must add the aggravating circumstances
of heing ob.iged, perhaps to
live many years, if not for his whole
life, under the command of a tyrannical.
cruel officer, or one who baa
unjustly conceived a personal pique
against him. Yet the first of these
bing, with no other view,. ----— or for no
circumstances is the case of most, and
^et reason, but that he may receive the last of many of the private soldiers
haualy money sor listing in another. in our army ; for very sew of them
ing receive bounty money ; for if a have So much as a chance of rising
^uiet, aStct three years service, re- even to be servants or corporals unon
account perhaps of tSl usage, less they have the good luck tea gain
the

1 24 T^e M A G A 2 1 N 2 of^MACA21NE^
the favour of their commanding officer,
which is not always to be purchased
by honourable means.
In fucb circumstances can we expect,
that any will ever voluntaiily i^ltst
into our array, but fucb as are tra^
panned into the Service, or Such as by
their crimes or their idleneSs have lost
all Charecter among their countrymen t
Can we expect, that such men will ever
have any fellow feeling, or any
regard sor the lives or the liberties
or their countrymen t Such men, indeed,
are the most proper soldiers sor
establishing, as well as Supporting, an
abSolute and ty anical government ;
but as no leading man amongst us at
peeSent can have Such a design, therefore
it may he hoped, that we shall
Soon bave fucb a law as l have mentioned.
ASter the passing of Such a law,
we might expect so have, tn a Sew
years, a great many young Sellows,
the sons of substantial farmers and
tradefmen, serving as private Soldiers
in our army, especially if our nobility
a id landed gentlemen should be So kind
to their country, as in all their future
transactions to shew a preSerence to
thole who had served their appointed
time in the army. It was of Such private
soldiers that our armies in former
timeS were chiefly composed : Even
the private soldiers of thole armies
had Something else in view, besides
payor plunder: Everyman had the
glory of bis country, and the establishment
or preservation of his own
character, chiefly in view ; and it was
by fucb armies we gained that glory
which still reflects a lustre upon the
British annals. An army consisting
chiefly of Such private Soldiers, would
all he sensible of tbe happiness enjoyed
by a Sree people, and because they
would all have a right to restore them.
Selves to the enjoyment of that happineSs,
as Soon as they pleased, alter
they had by their courage obtained a
Safe and honourable peace for their
country, they would dildain to support
a wicked minister, and a packed
or pensionary parliament (which tsaay
hereafter happen, as well as it has
done heretofore) in any glaring attack
upon our constitution.
Such a law as this Seems therefore
toaihe absolutely necessary, for Securing
us against the danger to which our
coaastitution must he exposed by always
keeping up a standing army oS
regular troops ; and, I believe, it
is the only, or at Icalt the most infallible
method, Sor Securing our government
against an unprovoked rebellion,
and at the Same time out
country against a foreign invasion,
because, l helieve, it will be found
to be the only method by which we
can propose to have a well disciplined
and useful militia. In the military
discipline there are two things shke
lutely ncceffary for every private fcrldier
to learn t One is, how to persona
the manual exercise of the firelock
with readiness and addreSs ; and the
other is, how to keep, and how to
take his station in the battalion. without
disorder or confusion, according
to the several dispositions in which it
may he ncceffary to Sorm the battalion,
just before, or during the rime
of an engagement, or afterwards ia
purSuing the enemy, or making aretreat.
TheSe things a young man
may make hiniselS Sully master of, hy
Serving three or Sour years in our regular
army ; and a Sew days exercise
in the militia yearly afterwards, would
prevent his eser forgetting what he
had made himfelf fully master nf is
his youth. But I doubt much if s
man can ever, by heing in the militia
only, make himself fully master of
either of these neceffary qualifications
; and a militia, consisting generally
of such men, would, I feat, serte
rather to add to the triumphs, lhaa to
repel the attacks of an invading t
nemy.
It is indeed surprizing, that we
have not long since established such i
law, as it is by Such a law or culled
that the ^ywis's have hitherto preferred
a well disciplined and blesui
m their country. ^very one ^no^b

^r E E ^ R U A R Y,
that they have always a number of regimen^
in foreign service. The recruits
for thofe regiments always list
for a certain term of years, and when
their terra is expired, they have a
right to demand their discharge.
Many of them yearly do so, and return
to live by Some industrious employment
in their native country,
where they, of course, become a part
of the militia. Even many of their
magistrates and geaatlemen have Served
as officers in thole regiments, and
having returned home to live upon
their paternal estates, or the estates
they have honourably acquired by
their Service, many of them are made
officers os the militia, by which means
the Swiss militia when drawn out Sor
Service, is really a regular army, and
mare regular than can be the Standing
army of any nation that has remained
long in peace, berause many of tbem
may be called, nor only well disciplined,
but veteran Soldiers.
But for Such a law we have a precedent
much nearer home: The private
soldiers of the French army are allowed,
in time of peace, to demand
their discharge, after fix years service ;
and many of thera do so, by which
means they have, in every part ol
France, a multitude of common men
of all employments, who have been
hred soldiers. Tbey are nor, ie is
Itue, afterwards usually regimented
and exercised • Sor what the French
call their militia is a distinct body of
men, and designed S'or a different purple
But the French government
have what every government ought to
hate: They have a power to call out
and regiment every man able to hear
arms, in any peyt of 1heir country
that is in danger of being invadesl,
mmyoS whom must alwasa, by this
custom, be such as have Served their
years in their standing army ; and
at most oS their gentlemen of any distinction
are forh a^ ha^ served in
^eir standing army, they can never
^ in want of experienced officers for
shit peeped By these means, what
we properly ought to call the milititia
os France, may realy he of some fer^
vice upon any sudden occasion ; and
that they may always be for the
French government have bern so wise
as to propagate a way of chinking
among all ranks of men, that must
be of great service to the military in
that kingdom. In France it is deemed
a Scandal to any gentleman nor of
tbe Rohe, as they call it, that is to lay.
of the profession of religion, law, or
phyfick, not to have passed some pert
of bis yonth in the army. If a gentleman,
or what tbey call one of their
noblesse, he introduced to tbe king.
his majasty always asks him, what regiment
he formerly helonged to, and
if he anSwrers, he never was in the
army, the monarch is Sure to turn his
back upon him with disdain. Then
with regard to their common men, a
man who has Served his six years in
the army, is Sure to meet with more
refpect, not only Srom gentlemen, bur
also from his companions, than a man
who never was in the army. This
renders it So eaSy for the French government
to make new leviets, and to
raise recruits upon every occasion.
Whereas. in this country even an
officer of our army is loOked upon
withcantempt, by many ofour country
fquirea, and a common soldier is
of late become the diverhon of the populace,
as far as their sear will give
them leave ; which might perhaps be
accounted sor, if there were any necessity
for doing so upon the present occasion.
As there is not. I shall only and,
that the most obvious way for removing
this contempt, is to encourage and
enable our young men of some substance
or character to Serve for a short
term of years in our regular army ;
for which the act now under consideration
will furnish a precedent ; and
as it may hereafter he thought necessary
to keep always a body of marines
in pay, it is to be hoped, that
theobeainingof a discharge sor a marine,
will nor be made more tedious
or difficult than for aland soldier.
With

1 2^ ^ M A G A ^ 1 N 2 of MA G A 2 1 N ^ S
With reSpect to the shortness of
the time allowed by this bill for volunteers
to enter, which was sound
fault with by Some people without
doors, it was occasioned by the necessity
we were under, to have our
regiments as compleat as possible by
the first of May ; and it was rightly
judged, that the limiting the entry os
volunteers to tbat time, would induce
all such as might think themselves
in any danger of being pressed, to
enter voluntarily before that day, in
order to intitle themselves to the
bounty granted by parliament.
The annual hill She preventingmutiny
and desertion, and for the better
payment of the army and their quarters,
was moved sot, January its, by
the lord Harrington, and his lordship
and Mr- Thomas Gore, were ordered
to prepare and bring in the fame-
Accordingly it was next day presented
by him to the house, and having
passed thro' both houses without opposition,
it received the royal assent,
February i 5. The only material dif-
ference between this bill and that
which for Some years has uSually passed
of course, wan in relation to the
number of troops to be kept up,
which in this bill was extended to
•49,749 effective men, including 400SS
invalids, and this, considering our
present circumstances, could not be
opposed ; and as no attempr was made
^ for inserting in this bill any words for
obliging innholders, &c to receive
and give quarters to foreign troope,
that matter remains still upon the
fame sooting is was formerly, as the
abovemerationed act for this purpose
related only to the foreign troope then
in this kingdem, and consequently is
narw expired.
Monday, January 24rh, a motion
was made by George (inflow, Esq ;
Sor leave to bring in a bill, sor the
snore effectual punishment of cheats
of ail kinds ; and for the further presenting
the emberalement of goods
and apparel, by those who ate entrusted
with theua ; and lot preventing
gaming in poblick houses : Which
motion was agreed ro, and it was or.
dered, that the Said Mr. Onflow, Mr.
Recorderof London, Sir J n. GIynne,
Mr. Hardinge,' the lord mayor of London,
Sir Richard Lloyd, and Mr.
Sandys, should prepare and bring in
the fame. This bill was accordingly
presented to the houSe on the 2^th,
and ordered to be printed. February
2, it wras read a Seeood time. and ordered
to be committed , but before
the houSe resolved itself into a committee
upon the Same, So many altera.
tions were found to be necessary, that
it was thought proper todre^p this bill,
in order to have a new bill brought
in for the same and other purpoSe.s,
which shews how cautious the house
is in the forming and enacting of any
new law. Therefore, on March 25,
a motion was made by the fame gentleman,
for leave to bring in a bill,
for the more effectual punishment os
persons who shall attain, or attempt to
attain possession of goods or money, by
falSe or untrue pretences; for preventing
the unlawful pawning of goods ;
sor the eafy redemption of goods
pawned ; and for preventing gaming
in pobliak houses, by journeymen,
labourers. Servants, and apprentices;
Which motion heing agreed to, the
said Mr. Onslow, she lord mayor
and Mr. Recorder of London, were
ordered to prepare and bring in the
Same.
The bill was accordingly presented
on the 3orh, and ordered to he printed
; and, on April 5, it was read a Second
time, and committed to a committee
of the whole house ; but on the
2 ad, that the whole matter might he
more minutely and deliberately considered,
it was transmitted to a select
committee, and ordered, that all whu
came to the committee should hate
voices. Presently aSter which there
was presented to the bouse and read, a
petition of several persons, under the
denomination of pawnbrokers, whole
names were thereunto Subscribed, la
bahalfas themselves, and,several others.

^or E E E R U A R Y,
within the cities of London and West- any such messenger act amiss under
minster, and the Bills of Mortality, either of theSe circumstances, the
fallowing that business and no other. pawnbroker might he liable to the perePreSenting
the hardship they would nalty inflicted by this clauSe ;-^io that
he exposed to by the bill as it then it will he utterly impossible for any
stood ; and therefore praying to be one, of whatever rank or station, to
heard by their counsel, against such raise money this way, without expopart
oS the bill as aflected thera in sing his person and necetsitiestheir
business, and IikewiSe permitted 11. That as by this clauSe, the
humbly to Submit Such SactS, as words, by the oath oS any other crediuright
enable the house to put the ble witness or witnesses, render the
business under Such regulation as pawnbroker liable to he convicted upalight
best promote the security oS on the oath oS a third person, who is
the publick, and render the petition- neither owner of the goods, nor the
ers able tocarry on the business with pawner; and it berng very common
SaSesy and reputation. Which peti- for two or more persons to he present
tion was referred to the confidera- at the pawning of goods 1 and as the
ticon of the Said select committee, and conviction of the pawner is not prethat
the petitioners might he heard by vionsly necessary to the conviction of
their counted, before the said commit- the pawnbroker ;—what an occasion
tee, if they thought fit. and temptation would this afford, for
But that this petition might have any three, or more evil -disposed perthe
more weight, the petitioners took Sons, to combine and to succeed in
care to have their reaSons against the robbing the pawnbroker with Safety
clauses relative to them, ptinted, and and impunity ? ex. gr. A the Supposed
delivered to the members, which rea- owner, lends B. the pawner, SornesotiS
were as Sol low thing of valve ; upon B's not return-
To the Sourtb clauSe oS the hill, ing the goods, C. the third person, a
which is the first relating to the pawn- common acquaintance of both, informa
hrokers, and which inflicts a penalty A. that B. had pawned the thing ac
oa them in a Summary way, for receiv- Such a place, for that C. was peeing
goods knowing thera not to he sent at tbe transection t-^The pawnshe
property of the pledger, and er to be Sure is not to be Sound ; A.
pawned without the authority of the recovers the goods, upon Swearing aa
owner, it is objected : tbe clause directs; and it is great odds.
I. That it being a common and but C. as informer, will Swear that
dally practice sor persons of reputation the pawnbroker took them in, knowto
Send goods to pawn by a Second ing them not to he tbe property of
hand, for SecreSy Sake, and very Sre- the pledger, and pawned without the
quently one person shall he entrusted authority oS tbe owner ; sor tbe Sake
hy Several others to negociatc busi- of a share of the peaalty, which feema
ttisl os this kind :— Ne,w, if the by the clause to he designed for the
pawnbroker should venture to take informer, efpecsally as the magistrate
^tods either upon a general order, or is requited to administer the oath in
warranty from the owner, to take any order to conviction, the' he should
^ods as Such Servant, porter, friend, ever so much Suspect a fraud or culer
acquaintance, might bring ; or fusion. But if tbe pawnbroker should
Without any warranty of an owner cScape the penalty, yet hy the next
iviio desires to he absolutely conceal- clause he would he liable to lose all the
upon the credit oS the pewner, money lent.
^'hoSe occupation, place oSabode, he- Ill.. The law has already provided
^iout, and character, are ever So Sor the owner's recovery of goods
^nn to the pawnbroker. should pawned without his knowledge and
conSent^

12^ ^ M A C A 2 l N E of M A G A 2 1 N E S
consent, by an action against the
pawnbroker ; and the pawnbroker is
liable to be cast, with costs of Shit,
even upon the evidence of the pawner
: Which remedy soch owner has
not against any buyer of goods in
overt market, unless the goods are
feloniously obtained. It Seems therefore
very Strange, tbat no notice
should be taken of buyers of goods
fraudulently obtained, against wbom
the owner has no legal remedy ; and
the pawnbroker, against whom there
is a legal remedy, Should moreover he
exposed to Salse informations, and
wicked combinations, So as to render
his bufineSs impracticable
The fifth clause, intitling the owner
to recover his goods unlawSully
pawned, is not conhned to goods received
by the pawnbroker, knowing
them to have bern pledged without
the authority oS the owner ; but extends
universally, tho' the pawnbroker
has received them ever so cautiously
and innocently.
As the laws now stand, tho' the
owner of goods unlawfully pawned
may recover his goods, with costs of
Suit, against the pawnbroker, even
upon the evidence of the pawner ; yet
such pawnbroker would have his remedy
against the pawner, hy action
or indictment. Whereas, by the clause
under consideration, the unlawful
pewner needs only to abscond, and
send a message or letter to tbe owner,
to inform him where his goods arc
pawned Upon oath made by the
owner, a warrant is granted to Search
for the goods, and (if found, to bring
the goods and the pawnbroker hefore
the magistrate ; and however blameless
he may he, must lose the money
lent, and surrender the goods to the
owner, upon his Swearing them to he
his property. and pawned without his
knowledge or consent. ^-The merit os
the discovery, and the eafy recovery
of the goods without a prosecution,
will generally screen the only offender,
and abundantly encourage such practices.
For who would he so hard-
hearted and cruel to prosecute any
one only for robbing or defrauding a
pawnbroker ?
But as the conviction, or even the
prosecution os the only offender, is
not requisite to the recovery of goods
unlawfully pawned - and as there ate
in this metropolis (as the preamble of
the bill recites) divers evil disposed
persons, who support their profligate
way of life by various subtle stratagems
and devices, how eafy is it for
any two such profligate persons, combining
together, to rob and plunder
all the pawnbrokers in town, is too
obvious to need exemplifying.
As by this clause the warenoufes of
any, if not of every pawnbroker,
within the magistrate's jurisdiction,
are liable to he ransacked sor every
waiSor stray, upon oath madeofajull
caufe of suspicion, the magistrate eoncutting
as to tbe justness oS the SuSpicion
; and as the pawnbrokers are to
he given up a defenceless prev to
wicked combinations and false informations.
Supported by corrnpt and
wilful perjuries ; there needs no more
to put an entire end to the business.^
But there are vet more dangers and
difficulties to be met with in clause the
sixth ; sor the more eafy redemption
of goods pawned.
As the laws at prefent stand, the
most trifling and perishable pledge continues
redeemable Sor 6 years at least,
the interest or profit. which may he
legally taken, is after the rate of fi^e
per cent. and no more ; for the ls^
makes no allowance for labour, warehouse
room, servants, &c.
Now common sense must convince
every man, tbat it is impossible Sot
any pawnbroker to subsist upon ^
percent, as the interest of his money.
and reward of bis labour, and expeaces
in carrying on his business t ^
the same common sense will Satisfy
every man, that should the pswnh^'
ker, in fact, keep every tristag ^
perishahle pledge for six years, ^
must he inevitably ruined :
which points were So evident tothe

^ r E E ^ U R A R Y, 1 ^ .
Hon. house oS commons, that, in every
tisthe Sour bills. which at different
titles have passed that house, a time
was limitted for the redemption of
pawns, and a rate of interest was fixed,
which might he taken.
But as none os these bills passed into
a law, the laws at present stand as
ahovementioned. It is with great
dangers and difficulties the pawnbrokers
Subsist under the present circumstances
t But the proper inquiry
is, how they will he affected by the
clauSe under consideration : And here
previously obferving, that the general
terms in the clauses So leng as a pledge
shalf continue redeemahle, and tender
^j' the principle borrowed, and
di interest ehee, must, and will, to
construed by the laws in berng ^^
Therefore,
I. Every pawnbroker must necessarily
keep every pawn on which there
Sliall he lent a Sum not exceeding the
Sum of fix years at
least, or he liable to make any the
most exorbitant compensation that the
claimant shall think proper, upon the
claimant's oath, as to the pledging the
goods, the time they have been pledged,
and the Sum borrowed.
T his is the more insupportable, because
the lower fort of pledges are
must perishable.
II. Cpon tender of the principal
and legal interest, any time within 6
years, he must immediately produce
and deliver any pledge under the sum
of to the owner, upon
demand, or he liable to he committed,
naless he makes compensation for his
refusal or neglect^ So that upon a
iiawn Sor one shilling, that has lain
about 12 months, he would he intisied
to take an halSpenny ; and upon
^ pawn for ^ shillings, if redeemed
its a week's time, he might venture
to insist upon a farthing.
Lastly, The pawnbroker must he
^hiet tho' he should never have reared
the pawn demanded.—For of
^at avail would he all the negative
endeace he could produce/ Whether
his own oath, the testimony of servants,
or his hooks, against the positive
oath of the claimant.
So that any, and every profligate,
who makes no Scruple oS perjury, has
nothing more to do, than to make a
demand of goods, and a tender of the
principal money (pretended to have
been borrowed) with legal interest ;
and as the pawnbroker cannot possibly
produce what he never ieceived,^pon
the claimant's fwearing to the
pledging of the goods, any time within
6 years, the pawnbroker must make
compensation for what he has never
received, or he committed to prison.
But perhaps there is no lefs danger
to he apprehended Srom undesigned
mistakes, SorgetSulneSs, rashneSs, and
precipitance os the lower order of people.
For every pawnbroker knows,
that hardly a day passes, but he haa
goods demanded at his shop, which are
afterwards sound at another; and with
what difficulty pcople are persuaded So
much as to enquire at other shops.
tho' they are conscious to themSelves.
that they use several ; and sooner than
give themSelves the trouble to go across
tbe way, or into the next street.
will go to a magistrate ; and upon a
rash and intemperate oath, obtain a
warrant, and Swear goods upon one
pawnbroker, which, at the Same time.
are in the possession of another.^.This
threatens an inundation us rash and
false oaths ; which by their Stequency
and profitableness, will naturally lead
towilful and corrupt perjuries. There
seems but one possible way to avoid
these dangers and difficulties, and that
is, by the pawnbrokers leaving off
their business :— And if it is designed
to necessitate them to do so, upon the
opinion, that the business is upon the
whole useless, if not mischievous ; the
following observations may not be
unworthy consideration.
I.. That any mischiefs, accidents.
or inconveniencies, that may attend
the business, are Sure to make noiso
and clamour enough ; whilst any benefits
or advantages arising from it,
R are

l^O M A G A ^ S N l
are as carefully concealed,-^This will
in a good measure, account for the general
prejudice against the busineSs.
II. This opinion is contrary to the
sense of the bon. house of commons,
Sour times repeated, after the most
strict inquiry and mature deliberation ;
of a royal charter of king Charles I.
in which, among various other privileges,
he grants to the city of London
the sole brokage os pawns : Of
another royal charter granted to the
charitable corporation : Likewise to
the sense of the republicks of Holland
and Venice, and several other states ;
and even to the infallibility of his holiness
at Rome.
HI. That after all, should this opinion
happen to be rrue, that. Upon
the whole, the businefs is productive of
more evil than good , yet it has bern
of so long standing, and is of such
incredible and universal extent, that,
upon the most moderate computation,
2o or 3o,o00 pawns are daily received
within the cities of London and Westminster,
and horougb of Southwark ;
whether the putting a sudden and univerfaI
stop to such an extensive and
constant circulation, without providing
a supply for the demand, and
thereby distressing so many thousand
persons and families, may not
deferve the most serious and mature
deliberation, is humbly submitted
These reafotls I have given at full
length, because from them the reader
will see, that the bill must have met
with manyalterations and amendments
in the committee ; for from the act,
as it now stands, it will appear,
that every complaint made by pawnbrokers,
has been removed or obviated,
so that no pawnbroker is now
Subjected to any danger, unless it be
l.'is own fault, nor iadeed to any
tsouble, but what is necessary for
preventing theft or fraud, or for preventing
the poor from being OppreSfed
by thole vybomake a trade of relieving
thelrcseee^ties. a trade, which
is^ahSciulelylShe^Sfarv '^o encourage,
but nor eafy to prevent its being mired
with extortion and oppression.
And the many alterations and amendments
made to this bill, will shew
how ready our parliament men are
to give ear to the representations oS
the meanest tradeSman, or shopkeeper,
and how careful they are that
no new law they propose for the publick
good, shall any way injure or endanger
the prudent and fair trader.
This is one among the many advantages
we enjoy by our happy constitution
; for if our new laws were to he
enacted as the edicts in France are, by
the king in his great council, no Subject
would ever hear as the contents
as any law, till after its heing promulgated
; or if they did, a merchant,
tradeSman, or shopkeeper, would find
it very difficult to get access to, and
much more to obtain a patient hearing
from a great lord, or minister of
state.
May 9. Mr. George Onflow reported,
that the committee had gone thro'
the bill, and made several amende
ments, and the report was taken into
consideration by the house on the tath,
13th, and i 4th, when all the amende
ments but one, were with amendments
to some of them, agreed to, and
fome other amendments were made,
and some clauses added by tbe boese ;
after which tbe bill was ordered to
he ingrossed, and, on the 16tb, the
bill was read a third time, when Some
more amendments were made, and
then St was peffed, and Sent to the
lords for their concurrence. In the
houSe of lords likewise the bill was
fully considered, and, on the a6th, retutned
to the commons with Some amendments,
which were agreed to
next day ; and the bill received the
royal assent at the end oSthe session, to
the following purport.
For preventing unlawful pawning
of goods, and for preventing gaming
in publick houses, by journeymen,
labourer^, servants and apprentices,
it ts enacted, That, from and after
Sept. 20, 1757, persons convicted oi
•obtaining

^ E F E R
obtaining money or goods, by SalSe
pretences, or os Sending threatning
letters to extort money or goods,
shall be punished by fine and imprisonment,
by pillory, whipping or transportation,
as the court in which
they are convicted shall See proper.
PerSons pawning, exchanging. or disposing
oS goods, without leave oS the
owner, to Suffer in the penalty oS xos.
and on non payment, to be committed
Sor 14 days to hard lahour, and
iS then not paid they are to be Wbipr
Ped publickly in the houSe os correction,
or such other place as the
justice oS peace shall appoint, on application
oS the proSecutor : Such
forseitutes are to be applied to defray
the charges oS the proSecution, and
to indemnify the Suffering party, or,
on his declining tbe receapt oS it, to
be applied to tbe relief of the poor,
he. Every pawnbroker is to make
entry of the person's name, place of
abode. &c. who pledges any goods,
he with him, and if tbe pledger requires
it, he is to have a duplicate
of Sueh entry. pay one halfpenny for
Said duplicate, for goods pawned for
leSs than 2os. and 1d. for thofe oS
2os. and not exceeding 51. and 2d
Sor a duplicate upon any larger Sums:
a^ penalty oS el. is to he levyed upon
any pawn-broker reSufing to give
Such duplicate or to make Such entry.
so be applied to the use of the poor
of the parish were Such offence Shall
t^e committed. IS goods pawned shell
be damaged by the neglect of the
Pawn-broker, the justice is to award
a reasonable SatisSaction, to he deducted
outoS the principal and interests
it the pawn-broker takes in linen or
^PPitel intrusted to others to wash and
I^ead, he forfeits double the Sum and
ta-'itores the goods Persons pawning
^t exchanging goods, and not giving
' good account of themSelves, may
^e detained with the goods, and de•
leered over to a constable to he car-
^ ^sore a justice of the peace,
r feeing cause, may commit them
ur further examination, and the per-
-I A R Y,
Son So detaining them is indemnified
Sor So doing. Upon application, on
oath, oS an owner, whofe goods are
unlawfully pawned or exchanged, the
justice is to iffue a warrant to Search
the SuSpected person's house, and upon
refusal of admittance the officer
may break open the door : The per-
Sons hindering Such Search forSeit 5 L
or may be committed, on non peyment,
to hard lahour, Sor not lesa
than five days or more than one
month. Goods pawned Sor any Sum
not exceeding tol. may he recovered
within two years, making oath of the
pawning thereof and tendering the
principal, interest and charges for
warehouse room, agreed to he peid
at the pawning the laid goods. If
the pawn-broker does not comply, he
may he committed till satisfaction he
made to the pawner, &c. Goods
remaining unredeemed for two years
to he forfeited and fold, but the overplus
to he accounted Sor to tbe owner,
on demand. All publicans Suffering
journeymen, labourers, Servants, or
apprentices to game with cards, dice,
shuflle-boards, miffissippi or billiardtables,
skittles, nine-pins, &c. forfeit
4os. Sor the first offence, and Sor every
Subfequent offence tol- to he
levied by distreSs and Sale of goods.
On complaint of Such persons gaming
at publick-houSes, the justice oS peace
is to issue his warrant, and to compel
them to pay a penalty not exceeding
2 os. or less than five, or to
commit them to hard labour, and pet
Sons to he compelled by warrant to
bear witness against them- Thejustices
at the quartet sessions are to deter
mine appeals, and no indictment or
conviction is renioveable by certiorari
Other provisions are made with regard
to proceedings upon appeal, Sot whici
we must refer to the act itself.
[^o he centinuea rn our next ]
The HISTORY of our OWN TtMrts.
continued from Page 50.
Otwith standing the surrender
whicb tbe Danes made of their
R a liberties:

liberties to their crown, it by no
means follows that they were then,
ot, indeed, are now, naturally prone
to slavery. The very reverse of that
disposition was perhaps,* the sole reason
why they rendered their monarch
absolute. Those privileges which they
and their forefathers had ever looked
upon to be essential to their happinefs
as a free people. had been long fwallowed
up in the tyranny of the intermediate
order of nobilitv or barons,
between them and the crown,
and they chose, like Sampson, to fall
with the Philistines ; for catching hold
of the pillars of their constitution, they
buried themselves in its ruins, that
they might have the pleasure of seeing
their oppressors involved in the fame
calamity.
It happened luckily for them, that
the family of Oldenburg had raised
themfelves to the throne of Denmark.
pretty much in the same manner as the
family of Medicis had acquired the
principality of Florence, and have ever
exercised their power with great
moderation in their own dominions.
The generous manner in which they
had behaved to the English royal
family during its exile and distress,
avith their near relation to it, gave
them great consideration in the affairs
of the north after the restoration, and
their influence was by no means diminished
after the revolution. The
moderation of their kings contributed
greatly to their significance, and
their loss of liberty (if the liberty
they enjoy'd can be termed fo) was
no: attended with those depopulating
circumstances that are effected by tyranny
and superstition. Their com-
-neraial spirit improved to a much
higher degree than was found, either
among the Germans, Svredes, or Bosnians,
and to this day their genius
for trade has carried it to greater
lengths, than it has arrived at under
any despotic goyetnment, without
excepting even that oS France,
when allowances are made for the dis-
M A G A 2 1 N E of M A G A 2 I N ^ S
parity of riches and power in the tvro
countries.
The kings of Denmark have been
generally on the side of public liberty,
and the Danes, when well commanded,
are allowed to he excellent troops.
His Danish majesty's standing army
in Denmark and Norway, amounts to
36ooo effective troops, all of them in
excellent condition, and upon any important
occasion, might he increased
to double the number without any public
detriment.
As the maxims of the Danish government
seem to be entirely pacific,
and their differences with their neighbours
(if any should happen) can he
but inconSiderable, this force under a
wife and moderate king, as the present
is, continues to give them great
weight in affairs in the north.
With regard to their situation, as
to the preSent differences in Europe,
we are to observe in general, that tho'
the balance of power is far from being
a chimerical existence, yet it receives
modifications from the different
views and interests, which it presents
in different countries and situations.
Tho' the crown of Denmatlt
was nearly connected by a family
relation with that of England, yet,
even while that relation subsisted
more immediately than it does at
present, her own interest and the measures
she had to observe with neighbouring
powers, did not Suffer het
to break through her connections
with France, which, perhaps, are
strengthened by the vast importance oi
his catholic majesty's friendship to bcr
commerce.
But this relation between France and
Denmark, has its bounds in that natural
jealoufy, which every wife power
ought to have of a new and dangerous
System. The king of Denmark
as he Stands with England at preSent,
could have no manner of pretest to
take any share in the preSent war he'
tvveen France and England. But when
the conSequences of that war rose iot^
a gene's

f^r F E ^ R U A R Y,
I general conflagration over all Germany;
and when the court of Vienna's
conduct contradicted all thoSe Sound
maxims of policy on which the importance
of the houSe of Austria and the
public liberty of" Europe are Sounded,
his Danish majesty could not be an indifferent
Spectator, especially as the
flames os war were on the point of
catching hold of the very skirts oS his
own dominions.
Such a concurrence oS dangerous
circumstances interested his attention,
and engaged his mediation ;' by which
a stop was put to the farther progress
of the war on that fide. And this we
conceive to be the proper place for
Setting the convention, concluded between
his royal highneSs the duke of
Cumberland and the duke de Bichelieu
tlie Erench general, under the mediation
of ldenmark, and the subsequent
breach of the fame, in a proper light,
This appears the more necessary, as
the Erench have not only filled all
Europe with complaints on that head,
but have proceeded, in consequence
of' it, to inhumanities that can Scarcely
be justified by the most flagrant
breaches oS pnblick faith ; not to mention
that no public writer among our-
Selves has thought the interests oS his
majesty's German dominions, tho' suf-
Sering for out fakes, of importance
enough to engage his attention.
In the first place, upon the Infpecsion
of the convention between the
t^o generals, there is not the smallest
appearance of" any inequality between
the contracting powers, but a fair
iipulation of conditions to be performed
by each ; consequently, the
breach of the convention is to be
imputed to that party, which, either
^violated its terms, or rendered it
unposlible to be carried into execution
^cording to the obvious literal meanly
expressed on the face of the articles.
^ his convention. therefore, is what
ine writers upon the law of nations
iertn a conventio a-qua/is, which distin-
^lsses it from a liedits inaqvale, which
was a convention between the conqueror
and conquered, or between a
more and a lefs powerful people.
This is not only implied by the total
omission of all expreilions of inequality
in the articles themselves, but
from the natural occasion of them, and
the declaration which the Danish minister
makes in the preamble, of his
master's defire to prevent those countries
from being any longer the theatre
of war, and to fpare also the effusion^
of blood in the armies, which are ready
to DISPUTE rn: POSSESSION
THEREOF.
As to the articles themselves, they
are merely matters of convenience, to
be executed in the best manner the situation
of affairs would permit, till the
definitive reconciliation of the two Sovereigns.
This last expression, which closes
the third article, very plainly defines
this convention to be an act of neutrality,
and therefore liable in every
part of it to the same constructions
that all acts of neutrality admit of,
which are no other than a hona 'suits
Suspension of all hostilities, till a definitive
reconciliation can be effected.,
The breach, therefore, of this honeP
fides, determines the breach of the convert
tion.
The French, however, in treating
this point, have in fact deny'd that
any observance of good faith fhoncr
fidesS lay at their door, and that the
whole execution of the stipulation lay
upon the other party. Not even contented
with maintaining this absurdity,
they insist upon those stipulations being
executed in a manner which receive
no kind of countenance from the
articles themselves, and which is utterly
repugant not only to the nature
of a con^entro aqualis, but to the honour
and interest, nay, to the immediate
safety of any man or body of
men, who is not reduced to be the
lowest and the most despicable objects
of military execution.
But fo far were the Hanoverians
and their allies from being in this condition,

1^4 Tr^ M A G A ^ 1 N ^ ofMAGAESNE^
dirion, that the duke de Richelieu himself,
upon the face os the convention,
declares they are not to be considered
even as prisoners of war. With what
face then can the French demand the
troops, stipulating upon an equal footing
with themselves, to be treated as
Slaves ? Can bona files justify the imposing
a sense upon articles which do
not contain one word to justify that
sense, nay, which are directly irreconcileable
with it.
Had the meaning of either of the
contracting parties, when this convention
was signed, been, that the Hanoverians
should formally engage no:
to serve again in the present war against
France and her allies ; and
that their auxiliaries should upon returning
into their own country be
disarmed ; I Say, had this been the
intention os either party, by what
rule of common SenSe can we Suppose
that it was not expressed upon the
face oS the convention itself? Is there
a man alive so stupid as to think the
French would have omitted a matter
so important to their interest and glory
orcatithe most refin'd Jesuit of France
reconcile this construction to the words
of the treaty ?
I shall not have recourse to civilians
or writers upon the law of nations
^though they ate Sull of the Subject)
to prove that when one party buds
means to render the execution of an agreement
impracticable, the first breach
of that agreement is to be imputed to
such party. This is a point that mutt
be admitted by every man of common
reason and experience in life. Let us
therefore consider a little how that matter
stands between us, (for I must look
upon ourselves as parties concerned,
or at least, at. patties affected) and the
French
The French not only claim that
the Hanoveriai.s shall not Serve during
the present war against France
and her allies, and that their auxiliaries
he disarmed, but thev penn
theSe very troops up where they
have neither shelter nor Subsistence
of any kind. Was not this, in sa^,
driving men upon despair, and reducing
them to that necessity that admits
of no consideration but that of selfpreservation,
and disregards all positive
stipulations, be their sanctions ever
So high.
But the case os the Hanoverians
and their allies, was attended by
much more tender considerations in
the breast of his Britannic majesty,
who is hound and fworn to protect
and preserve the people he governs.
How could he, consistently with these
obligations, See his Subjects opprest hy
his enemies, and treated as the most
abject of slaves, and himSelf in his
electoral dignity considered as a despicable
vassal to France, who, in
this caSe, uSes the Same argument, and
no other, that their predecessors did to
the Romans, ve vtctis, by throwing
into the Scale oS their demands, e-
Very condition that can gratify the
extremes of pride, ambition, and tyranny.
What courfe was his majesty to
hold under Such circumstances, hut
that os preferring the antecedent and
Sacred obligations he was under, as
father of his people, to the gratifications
of his infolent enemies. fo
put it in the Softest terms, things wete
brought to Such a pass, as created another
incempatibiiity between the e^ecution
of the convention and his moSt
inditpenSible obligations, which isrings
him exactly under the description ol
the cafe mentioned by Grotius, which
my readers will give me leave tt^
quote.
" Hie repetendum est, pactott^
•• juratorum earn esse vim, ut intelli^
" debeant secundum receptiShmam
" proprietstem & omnes restriction^
" tacitas, & ex rtatura rei non ot^l-
" no necessaries, quam maxiine t^
" pudient. Square et fi juratum pac-
" tUm cum non jutato, pugnet, cet-

for F E ^ R U A R Y, 1^.
ee that they ought to be understood
re according to the most received proee
petty os terms ; and that they ab-
„ folutely diSclaim all tacit restricti-
„ ons, and such as are not indis-
„ penSiblein the nature oS the tranS-
« action. At the Same time it Sol-
" lows, that if a convention Sworn
'< to, shall in a certain event be in-
" compatible with one that is not
" Secorn to, we are to preSer that
•' which is strengthened by the au-
" rhority of an oath.''
Had Grotius bern to write at this
time, aad upon this very great occasion,
he could have said nothing more
explicit than what I have quoted ahoye,
to illustrate the cafe between
his Britannic majesty and the French,
aad indeed he States it So as to obviate
every circumstance they can urge
in their savour. IS the convention
syas apeactum juratum, as I am very williag
to admit it, virtually, to be evety
thing foreign to tbe express
terms in which it is conceived, is ab-
Solasely repugnant to its nature. But
SiippoSing it to be a pactum norr jre radical,
as might be urged with great
Hiow of reason, then it ought to give
tvay to that incompatibility of its execution
which Subsists hetween it and
his majesty's prior and positive obligations,
hy oath, to protect and defend
ltis Subjects.
llat to return to the professed indention
of this paper. There can he
no doubt that his Danish majesty was
considered by hoth contractingpowers
^ a fair and impartial mediator in
^ecaSe now under consideration, and
Ctiew the intention of buth ; and the
System of interest he pursues, leaves
^ no room ^ believe that he would
int have reSented very warmly, any
Violation offered to the Saith oShis mediation
by bis Britannic majesty. Had
that been the ease, all Europe, by
^ time, must have been filled with
ins remonstrances against the Hanorenari
breach oS Saith. But as no
inch appears, all the allegations oS our
that account, must fall to
the ground, as being the effect of
what l cannot eaprefs in mote detestable,
and more comprehensive
terms, than by calling it FltENcn insolence.
But this infolence has been heightened
by Such cruelty, as renders the
histories oS all past inhumanities, even
amongst the most babarous nations.
credible. Avow'd robberies, burnings,
ravages, and devastations of every
kind throughout the electorat of Hanover,
immediately followed the conclusion
of this act of neutrality. Thofe
were Such as would have been sufficient
to have justified the Hanoverians.
upon the principles of nature itfelf,
in reSuming their arms, even though
every thing the French contend for
had heen stipulated by tbe convention,
and tho' his majesty's resentment
had not authorised their proceedings.
It appears from authentic
and uncontradicted representations.
that in breach of all faith, the French
refused to Set at liberty the prifoneru
they made hefore the convention ;
that theyextorted money by menacea
from magistrates. in whose districts
they could have no business but rapine.
Castles were Seized and pillaged,
and their garrisons made ptifonera
of war. The electoral magazines were
plundered, and in short, even after
Signing the neutral convention, no
fpecies of devastation and violence
was omitted, that could he practised
in an enemy's country ; nay the very
city of Bremen, though faid in the preamble
of the convention to he under
the Special protection of his Danish
majesty, and though a place unexceptionable
in point of freedom and neutrality,
bas not bern exempted front
the rapaciousuefs of those polite cutthroats.
Thus, every atrocity that can enter
into the blackest charge, fills up
the meaSure of French iniquity in that
unhappy electorate. But what makea
it characteristically theirs, is tbe arrogance
that Supported their injustice.
and the inhumanities thatfollowed their
arrogance.

^ M A G A 2 1 N E of M A G A 2 1 ^
arrogance. For not contented with
attacking Hanover in their quarrel
with England, against all laws of equity,
and with violating in the most
barefaeed manner the convention they
had entered into, almost before the
ink that signed it was dry, they endeavoured
to palliate those infractions
by allegations, for which they
COuld show no other argument in Support,
than the muzzle, oS their guns;
and that reason nut Speaking forcibly
enough, they carried into execution
their menaces, which were too hatbarous
for the public to helieve, they
could be executed by any, but the
favourite general of a most christian
^ng
We now, naturally, in the course
of our design proceed to the Empire
of Germany, which is to be considered
in two lights: First, as a country
cOmpofed of many different states in
their civil government. independent
of one another, and under Sovereigns
abSolute within themfelves. .Secondly,
as those Same states forming one
great confederacy under a common
head, upon which they have a political
dependence, though that very
head is controuled in the exercise oS
his power by the constitution of the
empire, and the regulations of his own
tribunals.
As the design of this paper is only
to give a clear idea of the preSent political
and military system of Europe,
it would he foreign to our purpose to
enter upon any disquisition on the former
of those heads ; therefore l shall
consider Germany only in the latter
'l'he interest of the house of Austria
and Bourbon, had been long considered
as incompatible with one another,
but with some very whimsical circumstances
attending them For. within
these' 100 years, the family of Au-
glorious revolution in England. On
the other hand, the houSe of Bourhon,
the common subverters of the
rights of mankind, has, within this
fame period of time, faved the liher.
ties of the Germanic hody, and Supported
the freedom of its constitute
on. Thus, the counteraction of ttro
great, but mischievous, powers, has
operated to salutary purposes, but that
counter -action now ceasing, the balance
that regulated their motion is
lost, and till that can he recovered,
their career can end only in the lots
of public liberty hoth civil and religious.
From this consideration, which arises
from fact and experience, it is
eafy to conceive that the balance oS
power in Europe is no empty Speculation
; tho' I am far from asserting
that it is now precisely the Same shev
were 7o years ago ; yet nothing is
more certain than that it still Subsists
Somewhere, and that the preSeat combination
of interests on the continent
bids fair to destroy it,
The preSent emperor was raised to
the bed of the raoSt illustrious piiacefs,
and the throne of the molt august
empire, in Europe, merely hecause
he was so totally insignificant,
that his acquiring them gave no jealoufy
to any power on earth- lt u
true, that his being made empoot,
was in consequence of his being ht^-'
band to the ^ueen of Hungary ; h^
it is likewise ttue, that the special
he gave of his temper and diSpefin
on, from the time of his marriagr ^
that of his election, were fat ^
alarming any of his cotemporst^
This, however, has bern proved ^
experience, ro he , by no means, ^
measure of the most refined pelitt'
For a prince who had great inters
of his own to pursue, with a Pt^'
spirit to support them, never wot^
stria,' the most biggotted votaries of have ..... resigned lu ... the distaff . ^thal ^
popery. and the mult abject tools of owed to his fceptre, nor have Sacn
superstition has been a chief prop os ficed to his hed what was dee
"the protestant interest in Europe, and throne. ei
'was in fact the main Spring os our Gratitude never was one of ^ ^

f^r F E ^ R
shining jewels in the imperial Crown,
when worn by the family of Austria,
nor indeed have the princes of that
houfe ever bern so much distinguished
by their virtue and abilities, as
they have heen by their fortunes and
dominions, and perhaps there is not,
in all the experience of history, an
instance of any other house, where So
many great men have risen out os So
lirrle merit. Cunning, ambition, and
happy accidents, are all that can recommend
Charles the Fifth, the greatest
boast it has, while they are balanced
by a thousand deSpicable quasi
ies both civil and religious. The
pteSent empress, in the early time of
her life, bade fair to atone, by her
virtues, for all that blind partiality
which Sortune had manifested for her
family. Her youth, her heauty, her
wrongs, her Spirit, and intrepidity,
rendered her the publick care os England.
Our illustrious Sovereign (as
one oS his predecessors actually did
Sor the injured os Bohemia) wore
her glave in his hat, by tiSquing his
Sacred person Sor her cause, and employing
his best troops in her desence.
slut there are certain situations us liSe
in which the ruling passion is disco-
veaed, however it might have been
dlguiled or concealed under different
circumstances. It is certain her impend
majesty is no hypocrite. She
^are early prooss that her Spirit could
nerer brook the dismembering os her
territories, which she was forced to
submit to when she eeded Silesia to the
^ing of Prussia. Notwithstanding all
tbe obligations she lay under to his
Britannic majesty, whose wisdom Sore-
^w that her being sincere in that ceflion,
was the only means of restoring
tranquility to Europe, she suffered
1'ingroms of dislike to escape from
^eton every occasion, and an appat^at
reluctance discovered itself in e-
^ery measure of even common civility
which she was obliged to obferve
towards his Prussian majesty.
^eh a behaviour could not fail of
J^ing fo^enetreating a monarch up-
U A R Y, 1 ^ .
on bis guard, and force him to obferve
a Conduct tbat was far remote
from bis inclinations, and only just
compatible with his interest. For be
Sound that our engagements with the
^ueen of Hungary and our prepossessions
in her Savour were very strong.
Candidly Speaking. considering the
then disposition and power of the
French, it was dangerous for us to
give the least hint of a possibility of
our being disunited from the house oS
Austria. His Prussian majesty there-
Sore, naturally, and indeed considering
the circumstances he was then in,
wifely, attached himSelf to the court
oS France, and mutual distrust was
for Some years disguised by mutual
conveniency, for the connection can
admit of no other term. The apparent
and growing diSfatisfaction of her
imperial Majesty towards the King of
Prussia, strengthened this, and the
part, which the King of England had
to act, grew every day more and more
declicate, nor did the peace oS Aix la
Chapelle, nor even the guaranty,
which his Britannic Majesty entered
into Sor the King oS Prussia's Security,
go very Sar towards removing
mutual distrusts and difficulties that
Subsisted with buth parties. Her imperial
Majesty, however, acted as if
she had been thoroughly convinced
that the connections between France
and Prussia were merely temporary and
matters of conveniency ; and tbat it
was in ber power at any time to dissolve
them.
[To be continued in out next.]
Farther Account of General KEITH and
hit Family.
S i a.
To the A tr T H o a.
^^f L have often known it the fate
i f of persons who, exiled from
or neglected in their own coar^ey.
have become illustrious in a foreign
one ; tbat their very original names
have been lost to the public, and
^ these

1
^ M A G A Z I N E ofMAGA2lNE^
their pedigrees have become matter
of doubt, Speculation and wrangle amongst
the learned. Into what wild
conjectures has the word ACutus,
the name of the famous champion
of Italy, led the Literati ; Some
calling him Ackwood, and others
Hawkwood, tho' nothing of that kind
can be more certain than that the
true name was John Sharp, and
that he was descended from a good
family in Yorkshire.
Field-marshal Keith, an illustrious
British adventurer of the preSent age,
is in danger of sharingthe same fate;
his family, however noble, heing
proscribed, and ending in the persons
of him and his brother, he may a sew
agers hence he reckoned amongst the
knights of the Round Table, and bis
Shade may have the pleasure of seeing
Scotland and Germany contend Sor
the honour of his birth, while France,
Spain, and Russia may likewise put
in their claims as heing the fcenes of
his residence and actions during the
more early times of his exile. What
makes this event the more probable
is, that even in his own life-time we
have seen several fabulous accounts
of him under the title of Memoirs,
letters, &c. but tho' I have long had
the honour of an intimacy both wich
him (and, if I durst fay it, with his
brother) abroad, l haye not yet seen
one word of truth concerning the fieldmarshal,
excepting the few particulars
thrown together concerning bim in
your last December Magazine (see p.
5i6.) Some account of him, indeed,
but a very lame, immaterial, and in
Some circumstances, a false one, has
appeared in a letter from Edinburgh,
to one of .the compilers of Lloyd's
Chronicle, but it is plain that the letter-writer
never saw your Magazine cf
November? and, which is more furprizing,
the Chronicle in which tbat
very account is printed verbatim. But
in order to do justice to this gentleman,
it may be ncceffary before his fa-
mily become^ extinct, ^ to ^ive some^
short account of it in this placc. drawn
from the records of it which are Still
extant, tho' l remember no printed
history of Scotland, or indeed any book
in print that mentions it. Buchanan,
a wafpish, ill natuted man, tho' a fine
writer, conceived a remarkable pique
at the family of Marshal, upon the
trivial difobligation of the then Earl-
Marshal refusing to make bim a pre-
Sent of an easy, ambling pad, which
the historian was remarkably fond of",
and, for that reason, he scarcely mentions
him ot his family in his history,
tho' undoubtedly it is one of the no.
blest as well as the most ancient ia
Europe.
We have the authority of Roman
writers that the Catti were a people
of Germany, and by a remarkable
turn of Providence they had their rife
in that very country which now gives
the last of their chiftains a shelter,
and probably will afford to both oS
them a grave.
Amongst the many migrations oS
the northern nations, a clan oS the
Catti settled in Cathnefs, about the Seventh
century, where they gave its
ptefent name to the country, and
where the princes of the Catti exercised
for many years a kind oS an
independent Sovereignty. About the
year 1o25, the Danes invested Scotland
with a powerful army under
their leader Camus ; and Malcolm,
king of Scotland, inviting the prince
of the Catti to his assistance, he readily
attended, and at the battle of
Balbride the Scots obtained a compleat
victory over che Danes. Their general,
Camus, endeavouring to escape,
was pursued by the prince of she
Catti, who overtook and killed hiss.
But another Scotch nobleman who
was likewise upon the pursuit, coming
up soon aSter, disputed the honour of
the death of Camus with the prince
of the Catti. The king arriving m
the mean time, and each prrtv
standing to his pretensions, there tnas
no other way of Settling the difference
than by allowing the claimants ^
decide it by single combat- T^
^ prince

^r F E ^ R U A R Y,
prince of the Catti was victorious, .court of the prince of Orange.
and his antagonist with bis last words which he visited upon his travels.
acknowledged the injustice of his and in which the officious Dr. Burclaim.
Upon this, Malcolm, dipping net was very instrumental, that he was
three of his fingers in the bleeding no favourite with the revolution patwounds
of the dying champion, ap- ty, during the reign of K. William ;
plied them to the shoulder of the and upon the pretender's attempt to
prince of the Catti, and left upon invade Scotland in tbe year 17o8,
it three bloody streaks, or fas the he- be was one of the noblemen who
raid calls them,) Bars, faying at the were imprisoned upon suspicion of
Same time, Veritas vsucit, i. e. Truth favouring that invasion. He was
conquers; and thefe have bern the however aSter this chosen one oS the
arms and motto oS the Saraily oS Keith sixteen peers Sor Scotland, and was
ever since. A figured obelisk, in the in high personal esteem with S^ueen
northern manner, was erected over Ann ; So that the present Earl-marshal
the body oS Camus, and is still to he (I believe before he was of age)
Seen at the village ofAberlerano, in had a troop of horse-guards, which
the county of Angus, under the name upon the accession of King George I.
oS Camus-state, or Camus CroSs. (See was taken from him very abrubtly, and
Cordon's lniterarium Septentrionale, which drove him into the rebellion,
and other writers.) where I remember he served in the
This service of the prince of the very uniform he carried with bim from
Catti was rewarded with very large London.
possessions in Scotland, most of which His brother naturally followed his
to this day have the adjunct of Keith fortunes. He had about that time
so their designations, and in time he applied to study, fo far as he might
married the daughter and heitefs of be qualified to talk and act as a
the Larl-marshal of Scotland, by which gentleman, but I believe with no
he obtained that dignity to be here- view of commencing lawyer. His
ditary in his family, and in old dependence was mostly upon his
Virits he is Called Keith, Mareschal. mother, whoSe religion and princi-
(^ee Sit James Dalrymple's ColleC- pies were not very likely to favour
sings.) a profession, that required a Cornpli-
Their dignity as marshal os Soot- ance with Oaths and allegiance to
land, obliging them always to contt- the government. Neither is the stunue
their residence about the court, died speech put into his mouth by
they were obliged to he at an ex- the correspondent from Edinburgh, in
pence of living, which in time redu- Lloyd's Chronicle, at all likely or naced
their great estate. It was how- tural. The latter part of it is conever
greater than that of any sub- ceived in a strain unberoming a man
ject in Scotland at the time of the of ctue courage.
steSormation, to which 'the family After the dissipation of the rebeloS
Marefchal were early and steady lion in the year I7i6, be xrent a-
SnendS; and in the year 1593, they broad, where he finished bis edUCa-
Soiinded a University (cho' Some eon- tion, and qualified hiraSelS Sor a
tend ic to he only a College) at A- military liSe, at the expenCe oS his
hetdeen, which has produced Some of mother, who had a jointure andothe
most learned men amongst the ther indulgences from the favour of
^ts- the government- The account of
. It is perhaps immaterial to men- him to he found in your December
tion here, that it was owing to a Magazine p. 5i6, contains almost
personal disgust which the father of all that is farther material I bare to
delate Earl marshal received at the say concerning this great man. The
^ a late

MA G A 2 1 N E of M AG A 2 1 N E ^
late Czarina gave him a large 'se- ja asked him Sor Some money and
state upon the borders oS Siberia, cloatha Sor his people ; which being
but unless he Settled in that Un- also brought him, he refolved also to
conifortable country Sor life, he could stay the next day ; and, being Sethave
very little advantage from it, ved at table with the Same plenty
He had strong reasons against that ; as heSore, he staid also the thud
and obtained his dismission, tho' if day ; when, meeting with the Same
he had not made the best of his entertainment, he was amazed to find
way out of the Russian territories, from whence all this plenty of provihe
might like others, have been de- sions, cloaths, and riches cou id come,
rained under various pretences. in a place where he expected So lit-
The generosity of the princes he has tie; especially since he observed that
served, however, enabled htm to at- all was brought out of the Brahman's
tempt to purchase some part of his fa- hut, which was not big enough to
mily estate near Peterhead, and he bold half tbe quantity. Tbis made
offered a price for it far heyond what bim order some of bis spies to take
is usual to give Sor lands in tbat coun- particular notice whether there was
try. But thro' the very great loyalty not a vault under ground, from
of the parties he had to deal with, be whence all these things were brought
was disappointed. The spies, watcbing all opportunities
to satisfy their master's curiosity,
Extract from CnoRC11iLL's Co/section found at last that a slender white
of V O Y A G E S. cow did bring forth all these things,
wbicb she tbrew out of ber stomsch ;
I N G Raja Sestraorfom, going wbereof immediate notice was given
to make a visit to a Brahman, to Raja. The next morning, as he
saluted him thus: The fame of thy was taking his leave of the Brahpiety
hath induced me and my retl- man, being asked by him whether
nue to come and sup and take a he was desirous of any thing else,
night's Indging with thee The Brah- he told him, that he wanted nothing
man Siamdichemi (for that was his more than the white cow he htd
name) being much concerned how to seen in his hut. The Brahman teprovide
for so many thousand per- plied, that, heing not his own, she
sons, at last considered of the white was not at his disposal.
cow, called Caindoga, which, he- How! (said Rajahs will you deny
longing to Raja lnder, King of the rae so fmalI a request, after you hare
blessed souls, furnishes those who heaped so many ohligasions on me
have her in their possession, withe- hefore ! What I did (said the Brahvery
thing they wish for. Having man) was in mv own power, hut
therefore desired lnder to Send him this is not. Baja replied, It is m
the said cow of plenty, he granted my power to take her against ycot-r
his request. The cow being sent, will. And then, calling some ofh^
the Brahman desired Raja and bis Seallowers, be commanded them to
attendants to sit down to Supper; fetcb the white cow out of the hutwhich
was served with such varle- The Brahman, feeing bis beloved
ty and plenty, that Raja, who came cow thus Snatched Srom bim, told
upon no other account than to ridi- her at parting.' Dear Camdoga. ni^
e:ule the Brabman's poverty, stood l 1bus leave vou ? How can l anamazed
thereat ; and farther, to try fwet tbis to Rajah lnder, your tt^'
his abiliry, asked him to present bim ster ? Revenge thyself at once h^
xvith Some jewels; which the Brah- oS thine and mine enemies. Tl^
•.nan having presented him with (much Cow, Camdoga, no Sooner hest
heyond what could he expected) Ra- theSe words, but, assuming a ^

fof F E B R U A R Y , 17^^.
shree times bigger than her own, she
laid about her with her horns to
that degree, that she killed and trod
under foot Several oS Raja Sestraor-
Soai's people ; which done, she flew
ike lightning up into the- air to her
own master.
This story, in the literal meaning
oS it, is a SenSelcSs account oS Some
Pagan idolatry among the East Indians;
but, taken in an allegorical
SenSe, is Stall os fine morals, and
capable of many instructive applications.
Let your readers only SuppoSe
that trade was meant by this cow
of plenty, and then See what a variety
oS pretty ideas and notions at
once offer themSelves to our imagination.
By the miserable, wretched
hut oS the Brahman, may be understood
any poor, barren country,
which by trade is immediately rendered
oppulent and abounding in all
things. Plenty os provisions, Sumptuous
apparel, gold, diamonds, and
whatever else the earth produces,
either for the necessities and conveniences,
or even the luxury of life,
is brought home to our own doors.
Again : By the character oS this
good Brahman, we are to understand
that piety, temperance, and Srugality,
ate necessary virtues to be practised
hy the people oS any country where
trade flourishes ; Sor we find it hestowed,
by the King oS the blessed
Souls, as a reward Sor his piety and
virtue.
That trade cannot be Sorced, or
driven out of its proper channel, but
ingst have its natural course, we
hnd typified to us by the Brahman
himself not having this cow in his
osvn disposal ; and the king's being
unable to obtain her, explains to us
she inconsistency of trade with arbitrary
power, and that liberty and
property must be secure where trade
it established and maintained.
^e fee farther, that trade cannot
ertn exist where frand^ violence,
oppreslion, or injustice rieghs ; for
^hsn the and his followers
141
attempted hy force to seize her, she
assumes another shape, destroys those
who endeavour to meddle with her,
and flies away from them like lightning
Many other uSeful allegories might
be pointed out in this short story,
viz. that spies and fycophants always
surround Kings, and make it their
businefs at any rate to fatisfy their
master's curiosity, or evil inclinations
; but l chufe to leave these to
your reader's own imagination, rather
than venture tiring him with too many
tedious applications.
Some important (^ta r R i E s relating fo
the /ate SECREt ExPEDltlOte'.
To the AUTHOIt of the MAGA-
Z I N E of MAGAZINES.
S I R,
^ a LI E great question now in agi-
I tation, among the people of
this metropolis, being about the practicability
of the late design against
Bochfort, it has made me read
with attention every thing that has
been published upon that occasion, and
it has also made me examine and consider
the Maps, of that coast, that
was laid before the court martial ;
yet nevertheless, there are fome material
questions, which l can find
no way solved by any thing hitherto
published ; and sirst, with regard to
the moat or ditch round the town of
Rochesort.
In the council of war held September
25, col. Clerke, said, that when
he saw the place in 1754, the moat
did not appear to him to be capable
of being flowed or silled with water ;
and in his future examinations he gives
his reason for saying so, which was,
because some part of it was higher
than high-water mark. Yet there
were two men who declared, before
that council of war, that they had
seen this moat full of water, quite
round the town, and that it was silled
with water by means of sluices.
Now,

Now, whether these two men were ^hat certainly could not, if no seis
then confronted with col. Llerke, is could come within a cannon Shot
what 1 do nor know, but if they were of it, at any time os the tide, and
not, I am sure it ought to have been from the Map it seems to me as if thi;
done ; because both he and Thierry fort, the Sort upon the Isle ^lahad
Said, that for bo yards, or there- dame. were designed to deseod the
about, upon both fides os the town approach to the mouth of the Chanext
the river, there was neither ram- . consequently I must,
Part nor moat, and if there was no ^nery, Where the Soundings were
moat quite round the town, how could made, Sot finding out how to approach
these men fay, they had Seen tbe moat fort Fouras ; particularly, whether
sulloswaterqulteroand? And, second- ^he channel between Isle Madame end
because sluices may keep water in, port Fouras was ever foanded, and ar
and prevent its run rang from an high ^hat time oSthe tide ;
part oSthe moat into a lower, but And as Thierry, the pilot, was
shoces can never raise water from a the most proper person to describe this
low place to a higher^ therefore if any ^pon the Map, and to declare whepart
of the moat he higher than the ther ^c was left at liberty to
highest tide can rtse. that part can no found, yyhen and wherever he pleased,
way he h^ed with water but by an I must,
engine, ot. by pipes- or an aqueduct ^aery, Why Thierry was not erwhiub
conveys water from some Spring amined ?
or river, the level of whicb is higher ^and lastly, aa it is notoriety
than the top of that part of the moat, known, that 74 gun shipe are huilc ar
consequently. Rochesort, and often Sail up to, sad
^uery, Whether they have at Roche- out oS that harbour ; as Thierry, in
.fort any Such engine, pipes, or aque- his examination before the council ia
dect^ . Arlington street had declared, that the
Then with regard to fort Fouras : lay^ ships, with ail their carina
Although a ship may not, in one way, and equipage, could Sail two miles up
find water enough to carry her with- the ylycy Chatentc ; as in that ^lap 1
in two ot three miles os that Sort, (he t^c depth of water, from the
yet, in another way of approaching, l^and of Aix, to near the mouth ^
she may find water enough to carry the Charente, marked from fix to ten
her within less than a mile thereof. fathoms at low water ; as the Spring
Therefore, as the court martial had t^ht ^ happen on the ayth or
the Map before them, I am surprized, ^8th of September, and as our ttoo^
they did not oblige those who made would have had an eafy and Safe telhe
foundings, to describe, as near as treat as wcl) as an easy and sale had*
they could, upon she Map, where ing within Seven miles os Rochesart.
they Sounded, and where it was that had our transports and fourth-tacts
the bombkecch run a ground, together faised a little up that rivet, I must,
with the time of the tide, when they ^wdy Why our Squadron did ant
Sounded ; for tho' Some ministers, make themselves masters of che
might pethapr, for the fake of a iob Madame and sort la Foince ; of bota
in building, or for the Sake oS having which places. it Seems. they cing^
a lucrative post to dispoSe os, yet.it have come within pistol shot.
Seems highly improbable that the In shot^ So Sat as hitherto appear
French ministers would be at the ex. to me, our people when abroad teem'
pence os building, and maintaining a

fof E F I^ R U
heme Seem now unwilling to Scrutinize
narrowly into any thing which may
tend to shew that the design was impracticable.
When theSe queries are
Sully anSwered, l may perhaps think
otherwise , and that they may be So,
I hope you will give them a place in
your Magazine ; Sor l should he glad
to find, that our general was not overcautious,
nor bad any orders, directions,
or recommendations, but what
are now publick.
Purtfmouth, Feb.
l8, l758. I am, &c.
From the G A Z E T T E E R.
attacking the French
r y Successfully on their own coasts
it the highest consequence at present,
to she general cause of liberty, the
interest of these kingdoms, and the
honour of his majesty ; this is to give
notice to all travellers, masters of ves
ieh, pilots, fishermen, fmngglets, &c.
that if any of them can give certain
tisor tuition, of any place on the
French coast, where a whole battalion
can march in fall front, out of
t^e Ships, without wetting their shoes,
^here no Sand-hills are to he seen,
1 ^inhabitants within ten miles, no
militia within twenty, and no regular
Iroope within Sony ; on Such inSotinamade
on oath hefore one or more
nt his majesty's justices of the peace,
^ey saan handsomely rewarded :
1 ^mc few g ^ o — who divide no
1 ^e than 5o,oool, per ann of the
l ^th money, heing inclined to go
oti Such Service. '
^janasry into the Causes of the present
^ngerons and eaiumsteus Condition of
Nation ; and same Remedies pro-
^I^JIOSE who have attentively
^rr a ^dered the causes of the
^tin d ^ declension os states and
^.n^laail will perceive, that nothing
i contributed more to the former
A R Y,
than their producing great men, men
of virtue, and eminently squalihed Sor
council and action ; and that the latter
hath generally been occasioned by
a want of such persons.
It should be eafy to illustrate fhia
truth from the histories of all nations.
and particularly from thofe of our
own country ; but l shall at present'
leave that to tbe reader's recollection.
When a publick Spirit, and an ardent
desire oS glory have predominated,
then men have distinguished
themSelves in the service of their
country t when a narrow-minded Seifish,
and an extreme love of money
have generally prevailed, then low
pursuits, party views, and a total neglect
of national Service have bern tho
conSequence.
As there has perhaps hardly ever
bern a time in this nation, or indeed
in any other. when these mean, selfish,
and Sordid views have more generally
inSected a people, than for
about forty years last past they have
done us, so there never was an aera
in which the want oS persons qualified
for council and action hath bern
more notorious.
The distresses brought upon this
nation by the iniquitous and fraudful
management in the memorable
year i72o, were the means of introducing
a person to the chief administration
of our affairs, whose parts
were much more shining than solid ;
and who heing, as his own conduct
shewed, entirelv destitute of principles,
believed all other men so likewise:
as he knew himSelf to he venal, he
thought every man had his price: it
were indeed to he wished, that experience
had nor in ton great a degree
verified his opinion.
This fatal year, ahovementioned,
had let in upon us a torrent of luxury,
expence, and general licentiouSneSs.
unknown to former times : these vices,
as they were agreeable to the temper.
and serviceable to the design of the
minister, Which was to render men
necessitous,

144 ^ M A G A 2 I N E of MA G A 2 1 N E ^
necessitous, and tbereby the more subservient
to his purposes, he greatly
encouraged. As he took upon hirnself
the direction of all pubIick business,
particularly foreign affairs, to
which he was by no means equal, and
as the principal point he had in view
was not the Service of his country,
his whole management, by which the
nation suffered grievous insults and
losses, was almost one continued series
of blunders.
But these, though extremely preju.
dinal, were not by much the greatest
injury that he did his country. By
finding out new ways of bribery and
corruption, and extending the old
methods to far greater lengths than
they had ever bern carried hefore, he
much exceeded all his predecessors
in m • I debauchery ; set an exampie
to his successors of the most pern
cious practices, and gave Such adeSperate
wound to the very vitals ofour
constitution, as there is little probability
it will ever recover. In truth,
the mischiefs he did to these kingdoms,
were more fatal than any minister had
e^ei hefore brought upon them.
There were no methods however
mean, no measures however contrary
to the true interest of Great Britain,
tbat this minister did not give into,
rather than part with his power. And
it was an invariable maxim witb him,
never to employ any person who
would not go all his lengtha : he was
indeed so undisguised as to declare
that he thought a minister who should
act otherwise would he a pitiful fellow.
By this means it chiefly was that
during his administration, such numhers
of persons were employed, even
in affairs of the greatest consequence.
who were entirely unfit for the business
cbey were co perform. How exactly
he has in tbefe and all his other
vile, selfish and destructive practices
been imitated by coo many of his Successors,
need not be told t the management
oS our national affairs, Sor
a considerable time past, has Suffi-
ciently proclaimed it to all the world.
When the question respecting a person
to conduct an expedition of the
highest importance to the public, was
not concerning his knowledge, Skill,
bravery and integrity, outofhis family,
parry or p y interest and connections,
what was the conSequence
likely to he ? And when it was Seen
by every one that party Services and
not national, bale and abject compliances
with a m- and not virtue
ot capacity, were the recommendations
to all preferment and employment,
how could any other be expected,
than that the generality of
persons should industriously quality
themselves with the former, and totally
neglect the latter ^
Public virtue, though a most valuable
plant, is a tender one ; and therefore
cannot he expected to thrive
where it is not cherished t or were it
to grow where it had not room to expand
itself, it could not he expected
to bring Sorthtnucb fruit.
A great increaSe oS wealth amon^
us, and luxury, extravagance and diS.
foluteness, the common consequences
of riches, abounding to such a degree,
have alfo much contributed to
effeminate our countrymen, and render
them very cold in the pursuit of
honour, and regardless oS all real national
Service. ThoSe times only that
are remarkable Sor private virtue, ate
remarkable Sor public Spirit.
What violent contests bave we lite-
Iv Seen wbo should possess or obtain
the most powerful or lucrative employments?
How Sew endeavours ufed
to deserve them ^ And how m"
dustrlous and alert have divers Admirals
and Captains oS ships oS war been
to take merchantmen that conld mare
little or no refistance t How Shy ^
meeting ships oS equal Sorce with shett
own, or when they have met then''
how Scandalously have they hehane^i
No Sooner had many of these tnea
raised themSeIves Srom poverty to enormous
Sortunes by the rich ptlit

^or F F F U R
they had taken, than they immediately
Sunk into indolence, debauchery,
and a total neglect of their duty.
The behaviour of some of our land
officers hath bern, if possible, more
infamous than those of the sea Indeed
what better could be expected
Srom men who were promoted or employed
on the above-mentioned considerations
only ? whole least study it
was to qualify themSelves for their
employments ? and whose solicitude
Sor their own Safety has bern So remarkably
preferable to a SenSe oS the
anion's honour, or their own t
Thus, our men oS action have hehaved
1 let us take a short view how
thoSe oS counSel have performed their
parts.
in the last war, and particularly he-
Sore and during the time oS the reheIlion,
their conduct was Such as exposed
us to a general contempt, and
the most imminent danger oS destruction.
After a peace was patched up,
which it might easily have bern perceived
would not last long, did they
not leave undone all thoSe things thev
ought to have done ? and do thoSe
things they ought not to have done ?
Did they fortify our ports, and erect
batteries at all Such places where an enemy
might most easily land ? Did they
take proper measures to man the navy,
in case oS a Suture war, without that
unconstitutional and cruel method os
Pressing? In order to which, did they
contrive methods, by a humane conduct
towards them, a more ready
psvment oS their wages, and other
proper regulations, to induce them
voluntarily to Serve their country t
And above all, did tbey establish a
numerous and uSesul militia ? the
^'ant oS which, it was evident, had
etpoSed us to the danger oS destruction
; and the establishment oS which
they must know was the only certain
method oS our preservation. In
f^rr, when a peace was concluded.
ntd they not immediately Sink into she
trast stupid lethar^v, and behave as
A R Y,
iS they had not So much as dreamed
that we Should ever go to war again ?
But not to enlarge too S"ar upon accounts
us their weakness and negligence,
with which volumes might
be filled t when they Sound that the
encroachments of the French in North
America could not be pot a stop to but
by force of" arms, and tbat a war
would in all probability be tbe consequence,
did our wise managers in
any one thing follow the dictates of
common senfe and experience ? Beth
these would have taught them that
the sitst Step should have been to make
all Safe at home by putting our marine
in the best order possible, and to
have formed Such a militia as is abovementioned
; to have Sent a Squadron
os at least twenty shipe os the line
into the Mediterranean to secure Minorca,
which would have effectually
done it, and to have put that island
and Gibraltar in the hest condition
of defence : then another strong Squadron
should have bern Sent to America,
with a considerable Sum of money,
a number oS subaltern officers,
Such as Serjeants and corporals, but
none oS a higher rank ; a large train
of artillery, fome engineers, matrasses,
&c.
As the people of out colonies in
North America are much more numerous
than the French, if they had
bern thus assisted, and full powera
given them to act with the greatest
vigour against our enemies, who can
doubt but that we might, hefore this
time, have bern in possession os the
greatest part of their territories in that
country. But instead of thus Sollowing
the plain dictates of common
SenSe and reaSon, by taking advantage
os the Superiority we there bad over
the French, we attempted to decide
the diSpute by a way in which they
are greatly Superior to us : this was by
regular troops ; and thoSe commanded
by one little better than a madman.
I Say greatly s u p e r i o r to us : Sor it
was wetl known that they could better
Spare twenty thousand regulars,
T than

14^ ^ M A G A 2 1 N 2
ofMAGA^lNE^
than we five thoufand ; and theirs taken a multitude of our ships, sest
(l am sorry to Say it) heyond com- troops ammunition, provisions, &c. to
parison better officered than ours. their colonies with great feeuriry ; and
This method, however, was taken ; their squadrons, though extremely dis-
and has Succeeded as all prudent men abled by the sickness of' their men, and
forefaw it would Succeed. We have other disasters, have returned home in
bern defeated in every action and fasety,
enterprise undertaken hy our regular Only one attempt has bern made to
troops ; and have had better Success army the enemy at home, or on his
but in one, which was performed by own coasts ; and that hath Served to
the militia, and conducted by a na- no purpose but to shew how unfit we
tive oS that country. Nevertheless are for any warlike enterplize, expoSe
So infatuated were we, that even this our weakness, and render us the laugh-
victory obtained by the militia, could ing stock os all the world.
not prevail upon us sufficiently to en- France, beside its own exorbitant
courage and make use oS them t on power, is strengthened by such an alli-
the contrary, we in a manner laid ance as was never before formed in
' them aside, and depended upon our Europe, and we have but one ally
regulars who had hefore, and have (and him by meer accident), upon
constantly since, bern deSeated whom we most childishly and ridicu-
The conSequence oS our ill maouflv place almost our whole depennagement
has been the Indians taking dence. Indeed it may, with too merit
part with the conquering fide, as it propriety, be said, we have none he-
Yves natural they should, pillaging side him to fight for us ; and we Seem
the country, and in the most barbarous to think that he shall be made unto
manner murdering the poor inhabi- us " a fenced brasen wall." But alas 1
tants. The French, with the assi- what can he do for England ? He has
stance oS their Savage confederates, no maritime force, and cannot there-
hefides doing the like, have destroyfore assist in the defence of our Ameed
numbers of our vessels on the rican dominions ; nor can he prevent
lakes, deprived us of great part of the French from invading and conquer-
our trade, taken and demolished feveing Great Britain or Ireland. So far
ral os our most considerable forts, is he from being able to Succour us,
tuined many oS our Settlements, de that it is morally impossible he shotild
seated us in battle, and seem to he in much longer support himself. And
a fair way of possessing th-mselves os they who do not see this, and hart
all our North American colonies, and not seen, that ever since So many pow-
consequently of ous West India islands ers combined against him, he would
also. By the lose of which, Great be necessitated to come to terms with
Britain will be enSeebled as to become them, or be ruined, must he totally
an ease conquest to France.
blind. This prince, it is true, is he-
To thie miserable condition have come a great general, has undoubtedly
our men of counSel reduced our affairs the hest troops in Europe, and hatn
in America We will now ionk to- gained some astonishing victories : btit
wards Furope, and particularly at whoever considers the pewer and the
home, where we have a melancholy many resources of Germany, Hungr
prospect indeed.
ry, Sweden, and above all of Irstite
So Sar have we been Srom using any and Fussia, will he forced to acknow-
of the above-mentioned methods for ledge the utter impossibility of the
cur fasety except fitting out our fleet, of Prussia's defending even his
that we have neglected them all. And
'beside making prize of Some merchant
'ships and privateers, what hath our
dominions against them. But supp^'
ing he could he able, with the alsi^
ancc os our money. to maintain a war
fleet done for us i The French have

Fttr F E B R U A R Y ,
iur some time longer against all these
potent nations, it is well known that
the whole depends upou his life ; and
to how many fatal accidents is that liable
? Besides, can we suppose that
this brave prince will have ar^ connections,
except merely for his own interest,
with thoSe whom he must most
heartily del'piSe for their whole conduct,
and he greatly irritated against Sor that
part of it respecting himself : he is
much too wiSe to connect his affairs
wish a people whoSe counSels have
long been weak and unsteady, their
creatures imprudent and impracticaole,
and their actions in the utmost
degree mean and contemptible.
Since then it Seems impossible Sor the
king oS Prussia to support himself
much longer against his enemies, unless
the strong combination against him
tan he broke, and when he is subdued
or hath made peace, that the whole
power of France, and perhaps of other
nations also will he turned against
lit,—what is to he done for the Safety
oi this nation ?
Let not the vicious and the profligate
despite a proposal, which however insignificant
it may appear to their darkned
understandings, is nevertheless of
the greatest conSequence to the preservation
of these kingdom :—that is a
through reformation in our morals.
for what can he expected Srom men
^hose rime and thoughts are taken
irp almost entirely with gaming, but
tbat a mean and rapacious desire of
getting money should engross their
minds, and leave no room for s.eneteus
and noble pursuits ? How unfit
^e perSons who indulge to the utmost
degree in luxury and effeminacy, ro
^ through the hardships and fatigues
as campaigns or Sea voyages, and
^avely expose themfelves to the dan-
^ers of war and battles ? And when
srens bodies and minds are enervated
ey debauchery, how deaf do tbey he-
^tne to the calls of honour t And
how can vigorous resolutions or virtu.
^ and manly actione he expected
none them 1
^47
When our morals are reformed,
there may he hopes, beside many other
good consequences, that we shall lay
aSide out parry divisions and animosities,
and unite as one man, against the
common enemy. What should we say
of the principal persons in a ship, who
at a time that the vessel they were embarked
in was exposed to the greatest
danger of perishing by a violent tempest,
instead of using their utmost efforts
to save her, were quarreling amongst
themSelves, and even obstructing
the endeavours of the sew wfio
laboured for tbe preservation of the
whole ?
Tho' a numerous and well disciplined
militia would, as ahove-mentioned.
he the only certain security of this
country, yet our army and navy ought
by no means to be neglected : but alas !
what do an array and a navy avail, if
not well commanded and conducted ^
In truth, the behaviour and conduct of
too many both of our land and sea
officers have been Such, as rather encourage
and invite an enemy to invade
us, than intimidate him from attempting
it. And thus it will be whilst preferment,
especially to the principal
commands, is owing to any thing but
real and distinguishing merit.
But if, after all, men of sufficient
genius, skill, and bravery, cannot he
Sound among ourselves, for the chief
command of our armies, why should
we fcruple or delay to seek for Such a
mong foreigners ?
When the Carthaginians, in the first
Punic war. were greatly distreSfed by
the Romans, efpecially under Begulutt
the consul, who had several times defeated
thera, and was near making a
conquest of Carthage itself, the Carthaginians
applied to the Spartans.fot
a general. Zantippes, a Lacedemonian,
was accordingly Sent to command
their armies ; and this man immediate-
Sy turned the fcale, conquered Begulus
himself, and retrieved the Carthaginians
affairs. We know also that tbe
French themSelves lately employed tw^
foreigners as their prirtcipsl oe^erala ,
T 2 ^ ^nd

M A G A Z I N E
and we are sensible, to our cost, what
henefit our enemies received from their
conduct and valour.
If the above-mentioned. or Some
other effectual methods, are not immediately
taken to preserve us, what
can we expect but Speedy destruction ^
Our powerful, implacable, and avariaious
enemies, know they could
not enrich themselves, or impoverish
and distress us So effectually, as by the
pillage and destruction of this great,
wealthy, and populous city. May we
not therefore reasonably expect that
they will make their principal effort against
it? And should our military
commanders at such a crisis, benate
no better than they have hitherto done,
what can hinder the French from palling
up the river Medway (as the
Dutch in the reign of" Charles the second
did) burning our ships there, and
destroying thedocks, and all our maritime
stores. Chatham is but two or
three days march from London, in their
way to which they may at Woolwich,
Depts'otd, &c do the like ; and here,
if destruction, more than conquest,
should he their design, alter stripping
us of all our money. plate, jewels,
and whatever else is most valuable and
eafy to be carried off, committing all
manner of exceffca, and undoubtedly
slaughtering multitudes of people, they
may confumethe ships in the river, and
this capital ciry, in one general conflagration.
And after having fpread
terror and desolation through the land,
they may leave us. in dust and ashes,
tao mourn over our melancholy Sate,
and repent,—bitterly repent, when
too late, that we did not in time take
propet measures to prevent thefe horrinle
calamities.
But should our enemies land here
with force sufficient to conquer and
keep possession of this country, as in
all likelihood tbey would meet with
little or no resistance, it is nrobable
they might for their own fake^', Sparc
tbe ships and the buildings, and content
themselves with depriving us of
^-.r wealth s^eL out liberties : thus
tilJ M A G A 2 I N ^
should we hecome a nation of beggarly
slaves to those wham we have greats
ly despised, but whose Sollies and vices
we have nevertheless most ridiculously
aped, tho' their good qualities
and V ^ ^ we never thought worthy
os i nutation.
P S. Among the many desperate
Symptoms of a sinking nation that have
SOr Some time appeared upon us, those
of raising, propagating, and easily giving
credit to falSe reports in our favour ,
and depending upon precarious contingencies,
and vain and weak supports
for our relief and preservation, ate not
the lea It.
For two or three years past she
French have been starving at (Quebec
and at Louifbourg, though it is well
know n they may at the latter place
catch as many fish as they please in
their harbour ; and how many times
have we- taken Crown Point, and obtained
other advantages equally true?
When preperations were making at
Toulon to attack the island of Minorca,
we were very positive the French
could not fit out for that purpose n:ote
than seven or eight ships of the line,
and thoSe old and decayed. And as
to their invading us, the least probability
of it is, bv many people, treated
with the utmost contempt ; l fuppcie,
because the astonishing prowess ot our
generals, admirals, and other military
officers, hath intimidated she enea^
from attempting it ; or, perhaps, out
numerous and formidable militis h^
rendered such a measure impracticable
Sometimes we depend on the king ri
France and (^of Hungary disagreeing
and dissolving their alliance ; at other
times, the empress os Russia is dying.
and her death is to change every thing
as we would have it, But above all,
the king os Prussia, who has, it Seerr^
engaged not to sheath his fword until
we have ohtained an advantageous
peace, is to he our great preserver and
protector, though it is apparent heeannor
long preserve or prorect his own
dominions, even the capital of vthrch
was late laid under contribution byhu
en^ntf-r

se^r FF^RUARY,
enemies, and his queen and court obliged
to fly for refuge to another city.
The present airy food we Subsist on
is, that Cape Breton will inevitably fall
into our hands, and that we shall Speedily
have a general peace. It must be
eonseffed, that the great exploits per-
Sormed by our generals in North Ametica,
and the constant Success which
hath attended every expedition undertaken
by the A 1 now Sent thither,
are an excellent foundation for
Sure and certain hopes oS the Sormrr ;
and the terror the French cannot Sail to
he in of a second visit Srom us on their
own coasts, may he as likely to bring
about the latter.
Thus, to he serious, we greedily
Swallow lies and Salse hopes, which,
like distilled liquors, tho' they raise the
Spirits for a moment, yet greatly sink
them afterwards ; and we depend on
chimerical assistance, which by causing
us to neglect th^real means of fafetv,
nill only render our destruction more
certain.
And now who can think on tbe dangerous
and calamitous condition, we
have by our vices, our party disputes
and distentions, orir want of able men,
and total neglect oS what was most
necessary for our preservation, brought
outSelves into, without tbe deepest remorse
and affliction ! Doubtless many
of she most learned, Sensible, and humane,
even among our enemies, will
tegret the fall oS a nation which hath
long heen the great nursery oS arts and
i-iencet, the Seat oS liberty, and an
rsylurn Sor the afflicted, the persecuted,
^nd the miserable.
^e Humble FEtltlOt, ofthe PooR of
England, to the Right Hon W 1 LL1-
^ Pits.
i R,
I 1 greatly revives our drooping Spi-
I fits, under our long and heavy
calamity, rehear that our case, with
^srd to bread tbe staff of lite. is coming
before the parliament We know
so lahem to apply, as the suppor-
ter and defender oS our cauSe, So properly
as ro you t For, tho' numbers
of us have tbe bappiness to be known
to many worthy member os parliament
in our Several counties, and to have
received very kind and charitable assistance
from Some of them, (without
which our distress must have been still
much greater ;) yet, in a collective
body, we unanimously look to you,
as our patron and advocate ; most
humbly beseeching vou to plead our
cause, and lay our misSortnnes before
the parliament, not doubting of relief,
as Soon as our cafe comes to
be known.
Wheat corn is deae Srom a Sailure of
the crop only, we look upon it as the
hand of providence, and bear it with
patience and resignation : Hut when
we Suffer from the avarice and fraud
of men, of farmers, millers, and bakers,
we cannot but think our cafe is
hard, and we cannot but groan under
oppression. The farmers hoard up their
corn in order to make it dear ; and
too many os them would have no compassion
Sor us, if we were reduced eaen
to eat husks with the Swine. The
millers, since they have let up their
dressing mills, compel us to buy what
they pleaSe, under the name or bread
flour, and at their own price. They
tell us s kind of flour made white by
art, and robbed of the most nourishing
part of the corn, as we know by wocful
experience. We are at their mercy,
and cannot help ourselves ; as many
of the rich ones refuse to grind
corn for ut, or to fell us any pure meal.
becauSe they can get much more profit
by their dressed manufactures. How
many ways the bakers hurt us we knew
not ; but most os us who live in the
country, if we could buy corn and
bave it fairly ground, or buy genuine
undrest meal, should he Secure against
most of the frauds of tbe bakers ; hecause
we know how to silt the meal,
and make bread at home, as was always
the custom, till within a little
more than 30 years, and in many parts
within a much shorter time.
What

1 T^e M A G A 2 1 N H ofMAGA21NE^
What we, therefore, most humbly
itnplore is, that we, in the country,
maybe restored to the ancient privilege
of having our corn ground, and have
the choice of buying true UndreSt meal
at a fair price, which we know how,
without any of the millers new arts,
to make the hest uSe os" for the benefit
as onr families ; and that those of us
who live in London, and other large
citiea and towns, may be defended
from the frauds of bakers, as far as
huauan wisdom can provide. All
which we, with great humility, submit
so the wisdom of patliament, thro'
your kind and beneficent intercession ;
and Shall, as in duay bound,
FoR EVER t R A V.
t^' A - the Millers and Bakers have
taor only disowned (as of course they
would) the frauds of which they have
been accused in several pamphlets, and
in various news-papers, but have likewise
been insolent enough to abuse the
discoverers ol" such iniquity. to whom
the publick are So much obliged ; and
as many people have been so weak as
to believe the assertions of such bakers,
millers, &c. and to aSlirm, in their
vindication, that no Such frauds have
been practised in the country ; there is
a gentleman in the town of Northampton.
who has taken out of bis bread,
within thete few clays, what had, to
him and Some others, the appearance
and taste of undissolved alum ; which
from its indiffolution, seems lo be the
adulteration of the mealman, rather
than of the baker ; especially as a baker's
servant has confessed, and would
have made oath, had it been required,
that he himself had several times bern
directed to sEt mt sPunoE (as the
cant pet a! at is) which he did after the
following manner, viz.
lie dissolved a Pound of Alum an a
Gallon of Urine, and then mixc d it
wyih eight Bushels of sine W hilit Fl^ur.
In consequence of chit aboniahle
Cornpofition, it is evident that the
health of the eaters must be more or
leSs affected ;—and tho' bread, thus
made, may be of a very good colour
and consistence when new, yet it wiii
grow remarkably harsh, and get dry
two or three days sooner than the bread
which is unadulterated.
On the representation of thefe Sacts
to Dr. StoNEHousE ; and at the request
of the gentlemen, who related
them to him, as well as of many
others of the inhabitants, he has
engaged to make proper experiments
occasionally on the bread of Several oS
the hakera ; and whatever frauds the
doctor may discover, ebe mayor has determined
fand here gives notice accordingly)
to pohlish, with the offender^
name ; that the mealmen may he
deterred from adulterating the flour ;
that every honest baker may be justified
Srom unmerited censure ; and that
every dishonest one may he expoSed at
he deserves. to the resentment oS the
publick, and the punishment os the
law.
The Characters of Lord Somers, the
Duke and Dutchess of Marlborough,
Lord (Godolphin, Lord Sunderland
Lord Wharton, Lord Cowper,
the Earl of Nottingham :
From the HiStory as the Soar last Yeerri as tbe
(^acen, by Dr. S^lrr, who prasoSSes to
dei'crrbe those qualities in eaeh of sheer.
wbicb sew e,f their admirera'wilt deny, srre
winch appeared chiefly to hove rnfforacea
them in acting thorr Several parts upon Ure
pobire tinge -. • For 1 do not intend (leysSe)
< to draw their character, entire -, wbrcti
• woraSd be tedious, and httse to the pnr'
• pore i arm shaltonly Single out thole pu'
' hon,, acqatrementa, and habits
< tho owner, were most likely to tragic-
• totes their political Schemes, and wbrct^
, were molt Subservient tea the defies tat,
' seemed to bavein view.'
^TIIE Lord SOMMER^mayve
I. ry deservedly be reputed sht
head and oracle of that patty i ^
hath railed himself, by concurrence o^
many circumstances, to the gteacet
employments of the state, without
least Support Srorn birth or fortune •
he ham constantly, and with gr^
^ steadiness

f^r F E F R U A R Y,
Steadiness, cultivated those principles take fire upon the least appearance
under which he grew. That acci- of provocation, which temper he
dent which first produced him into strives to subdue with the, utmost vio-
the world, of pleading for the bishops, lence upon himself: so that his breast
whom Klay James had sent to the has bern seen to heave, and bis
Tower, might have proved a piece eyes to fparkle with rage in those
of merit as honourable as it was very moments, when his words, and
fortunate ; but the old republican the cadence of his voice, were in
Spirit, which the Revolution had re- tbe humblest and softest manner ;
stored, began to teach other lessons ; perhaps that force upon his nature,
that since we had accepted a new may cause that insatiable love of ie
king Srom a calvinistical common- venge, which his detractors lay to
wealth, we must also admit new max- his charge, who consequently reckon
ims in religion and government: but dissimulation among his chief per-
Since the nobility and gentry would fections. Avarice he hath none; and
probably adhere to the established his ambition is gratified, by being
church, and to the rights oS monar- the uncontested head of his parry
chy as delivered down from their With an excellent understanding, a-
ancestors ; it was the prectice of those dorned by all the polite parts of
politicians to introduce such men as learning. he hath very little taste for
were perfectly indifferent to any or conversation, to which he prefers the
no religion, and who were not like- Pleasure of reading and thinking ; and
ly to inherit much loyalty from those in the intervals of his time amuseth
to whom they owed their birth. OS himself with an illiterate chaplain,
this number was the person I am an humble companion, or a favourite
now deScribing. I have hardly known servant.
any man with taients more proper These are Some Sew distinguishing
to acquire and preserve the Savour os marks in the character oS that pera
prince, never offending in word Son who now presidetb over tlie dis-
or gesture, which are in the highest contented party ; although he be not
degree courteous and complaisant, anSwerable Sor all their mistakes -
wherein he Set an excellent exam- and iS his precepts had bern more
ple so his colleagues, which they strictly followed, perhaps their power
did not think fit to follow ; beat would nor have been so easily sha-
this extreme civility is universal and ken. I have been assured, and beard
undistinguished. and in private con- bim profess. that be was against enversation,
where he obServeth it as gaging in that foolish profecusion of
iiiyiolablv as if he were in the great. Dr. Sachevercl, as what he foreSaw
est assembly, it is sometimes censis- was likely to end in their ruin ; tbat
red as formal t two reasons are af- he blamed the rough demeanour of
Slgned for thisbehaviour; first, from Some persons to tbe (^ueen, as a
the consciousness of his humble ori- great failure in prudence ; and that
ginal, he keepeth all familiarity at when it appeared, her Majesty was
the utmost distant, which otherwise firmly resolved upon a treaty oS peace,
might be apt to intrude ; the fe- be adviSed his Sriends not to oppeSe
cond, that being Senfihle how Sub- is in its progreSs, but find fault with
lect he is to violent passions, be a- it after it was made, which would
roldeth all incitements to them, by be a copy oS she like uSage themleaching
those be converses with, Selves had met with after the trea-
Horn his own example, to keep a ty oS Ryiswick ; and the Safest, as
great wry within the bounds of de- well as the most probable way of
cency ^d reSpect • and it is, indeed, disgracing the promoters and advi-
chat no man is more apt to sers. I have been the larger in representing

1 M A G A 2 1 N E of M AGA2INESu
preSenting to the reader fome idea
of this extraordinary genious, because
whatever attempt hath hitherto been
made with any appearance of conduct,
or probability of success, to
restore the dominion of that party,
was infallibly contrived by him ; and
l prophecy the Same for the future
as long as his age and infirmities
will leave him capable of businefs.
The Duke oS MARLBOROUGH'S
character hath bern So variously drawn,
and is indeed of fo mixed a nature
in itSelf, that it is hard to pronounce
on either side without the Suspicion
of flattery or detraction. I shall fay
nothing os his military accomplishments,
which the opposite reports of
his friends and enemies among the
foldiers have rendered problematical:
but if he he among thofe who delight
in war, it is agreed to he, not
for the reaSons common with other
generals. ThoSe maligners who deny
him perSonal valour, Seem not to
consider, that this accusation is charged
at a venture ; since the person
of a wife general is too seldom exposed
to form any judgment in the
matter : and that fear, which is faid
to have fometimes disconcerted him
beSore an action, might probably be
more Sor his army than Sor himSelf.
He was bred in the height of what
is called the tory principle, and
continued with a strong biafs that
way, till the other party bid higher
for him than his friends could afford
to give. His want of literature is
in fome fort Supplied by a good understanding,
a degree oS natural elocution,
and that knowledge of the
world which is learned in armies and
courts. We are not to take the
height of his ambition Srom his Soliciting
to be general for life r l am
persuaded his cities motive was the
pay and perquisites, by continuing
the war ; and that he had then no
intentions oS Settling tbe crown in
his Satnily, his only Son having bern
dead fume years before He t.- noted
to he master of geat temper, ahle
to govern or very well to diSgriSe
his passions, which are all naelted
dowia or extinguished in his love oS
wealth. That liberality which nature
has denied him, with respect of" money,
he makes up by a great profusion
oS promiSes ; but this perSection,
fo necessary in courts, is not very
fucceSssul in camps among soldiers,
who are not refined enough to understand
or to relish it.
His wife the Dutchefs may justly
challenge her place in this list. It
is to her the Duke is chiefly indebted
for his greatness and his fall ;
for above 2o years she possessed^ without
a rival, the favours of the most
indulgent mistress in the world, nor
ever miffed one single opportunity
that sell in her way of improving it to
her own advantage. She hath preferred
a tolerable court- reputation, with
reSpect to love and galantry; but three
furies reigned in her breast, the most
mortal enemies of all fofter pafliont,
which were Sordid avarice, disdainful
pride, and ungovernable rage ; hy the
last of thefe often hreaking out is
fallies of the most unpardonable Sort,
she had long alienated her severing^
mind, before it appeared to the world.
This lady is not without fome degree
of wit, and hath in her time
affected the character of it, by the
usual method os arguing against religion,
and proving the doctrines oi
Christianity to be impossible and
absurd Imagine what such a fpirit,
irritated by tbe loss of power, savour.
and employment, is capable of a^bn^
or attempting, and then l hare Said
enough.
The next in order to be mentioned
is the Earl of GODOLPri^ •
it is faid, he was originally intended
for' a trade, before, his friends p^'
serred him to be a page at courts
which fome have very unjustly
jected as a reproach. He hath men
gradually in four reigns. sod ^
more constant to his Second sasntt

F F F R U A R Y ,
l^ing James, than some others who republican principles with which he
received much greater ohligations ; for began; for in his father's life time,
he attended the abdicated King to the while he was a member oS the house
Sea-Side, and kept constant correSpon- of commons, he would often among
dence with him till the day of his his familiar friends refuse the title
Death- He always professed a Sort
of paSfion Sor the (^neen at St. Germain's
; and bis letters were to her
in the style oS what the French
call double entendre. In a mixture
as love and refpect, he used frequently
sot fend her from hence little presents
of thoSe things which are
agreeable to ladies, Sor which he always
asked laing William's leave, as
ifwrithout her privity ; because if she
had konwn that circumstance, it was
to he supposed she would not accept
them. Physiognomists would
hardly discover, by consulting the
aSpect of this lord, that his predominant
passions were love and play;
that he could sometimes scratch out
a Song in praiSe os his mistreSs with
a pencil and card ; or that he hath
tears at command, like a woman,
to he nSed either in an intrigue of
gallantry, or politicks. His alliance
with the Mariborough family, and
his passion for the Dutchess, were
the cords which dragged him into
a party, Whofe principles he naturally
disliked, and whoSe leaders he
personally hated, as they did him.
of Lord (as he hath done to mySelf ^
Swear he would never be called otherWise
than Charles Spencer, and
hoped to See the day when there
should not be a peer oS England.
His understanding, at the best, is
oS the middle sire ; neither hath he
much improved it, either in reality.
or, which is very unSortunate, even
in the opinion of the world, by an
overgrown library. It is hard to decide,
whether he learned that rough
way of treating his sovereign from
the lady he is allied to, or whether
it he the result of his own nature.
The SenSe of the injuries be hath done,
renders him (as it is very natural^
implacable towards thofe to whom he
hath given greatest cauSe to complain;
for which reason he will never forgive
either the^ueenor the present treas
u r e r .
The Earl WnARtore hath filled
the province allotted bim by his colleagues,
with Sufficiency equal to the
ablest oS them all. He hath imbibed
his father's [The Earl, bis father,
was a riged Preshyterianj principles in -
He became a thorough convert, by government, but dropt his religion.
a perfect trifle, taking fire at a nick- and took up no other in its stead ;
name JYolpone] delivered by Dr excepting that circumstance, he is a
^acheverel, with great indiscretion firm preshyterian. He is perfectly
from the pulpit, which be applied skilled in all tbe arts of managing at
so himSels t and this is one, among elections, as well as in large baits of
many instances given by his enemies pleasure for making converts of young
that magnanimity is none of bis vir- men of qualiry, upon their first aptnes.
pearance ; in Wbicb publick service
^he Earl os SUNDERLAND is
be contracted fuch large debts, tbat
bis brethren were forced, out of mere
another of tbat alliance. It seems to justice, to leave Ireland at bis mercv,
have been this gentleman's - fortune where he had only time to let him -
io have learned his divinity Srom his Self right. Altbo' the graver beads of
Uncle, and his politicks Srom bis bis party think him too profligate and
t^tor ^Dr Trimnel, since bishop os abandoned, yet they dare not be
'tritonj It may be thought a ble- ashamed of him ; Sor besides his ta-
•Ullh in his character, that he hath lents abovementioned. he is very usefallen
from the height of thofe ful in parliament, being a readv Speak-
^L. ^V. ^ LI er

1^4 ^ M A G A 2 1 N E of M AG A 2 1 E ^
er and coate-nt to employ his gift upfork
occasions where those who
conceive they have any remainder os
reputation or modesty are aShamed to
appear. In Short, he is an uisconreStabic
instance to discover the true nature
of taction ; since being oler-rnn
with every quality vciueth producerh
contempt and hatred in all Othet commerce
os the world, ha halh notwithstanding
been able to make so considerable
a figure.
'I he Lord Cowrtit, although his
merits are later than the rest, deServcth
a rank in tin', great council. He was
considerable in the Station oS a practising
lawyer ; but as he was raised to
be a chancellor and a peer, without
piaffing through any of the intermediate
stepe, which in late time have
been the constant practice, and little
skilled in the nature of government,
or the true interests of princes, further
than the municipal, or common
law of Liaglaud ; his abilities, as to
foreign affairs, did not equally appear
in the council Some former passages
Of his life were thought to disqualify
him for that office, by which he was
to be the guardian of the (Queen's confcieace
; but these difficulties were
easily over-ruled by the authors of his
promotion, who wanted a person that
would he subservient to all their de-
Signs, wherein they were not disappointed-
As to his other accomplishments,
he was what we usually
call a piece of a Scholar, and a gated
logical reafoner, if this were not ta^o
often allayed by a fallacious way of
managing an argument, which makes
him ape Co deceive the unwary and
sometimes to deceive himSelf.
The last to he spoken of in this list,
is the Larlof Nottn.'oltASs. a convert
and acquisition to that party since
thcif fall, to which he contributed his
assistance, l mean his words, and probably
his wishes; for he had always
lived under the constant visible pro-
feShon of principles, directly Opposite
to those of his new friends ; his rehement
and frequent Speeches agaisil
admitting the Prince of Orange so the
throne, are yet to he seen ^ and although
a numerous family gave a Suecious
pretence to his love of peo-t er
and money, for taking an employment
under chat monarch ; yet he was aS^
lowed to have always kept a resetted
allegiance to his eriled master, of
which his friends produce Several instances,
and Some while he was Secretary
of State to King William. His
outward regularity of life, his appearance
cos religion, and Seeming tteal '
for the church, as they ate in effeet,
fo they are the excuSe Sor that so itnet
la and formality with which his nature
is fraught. His adust completion
disposeth him to rigour and Seaeriry,
which admirers palliate with the
name of real. No maa had ever a
Ssncerer countenance, or more truly representing
his mind and manners. Id:
hath some knowledge in the law, very
amply Sufficient to defend his property
at least r a facility of ute ranee, descended
to him from his father, and
improved by a few spiinklingS of literature,
hath brought himself', and
some few admirers, into an opinion of
his eloquence. He is every way in^
ferior to his brother Guernsey, hut
chiefly in those talents which he mod
values and pretends to ; over whom,
nevertheless, he preServeth an aScendant.
His great ambition was to he
at the head os those who were called
the church party ; and, indeed, his
grave solemn deportment and counts
nance, seconded by abundance oSpr envisions
for their Service, had given
many os them an opinion oS his veracity,
which he interpreted as their
Sense of his judgment and wifdom ;
and this mistake lasted till the time of
his defection, of which it was partly
the cause ; but then it plainly appealed,
that he had not credit to bring
over one single proselyte, to keep
himSelf in countenance,

fior F E E R U
To the Proprietors of the MAGAZINE
of MAOAZtaES.
satvrt.t^ev,
T^ Lading the accounts in our late
newspapers, ot' the ravages committed
by the French in the electorate
os Hanover, and particularly of
their burning the orphan honfe at
a^eli, svith tire innocent youths thereis,
it parr me in mind os a passage
1 read not long ago, in Mr- Barnes's
History os our l^ing Edward Ill.
which has to the horrible infamy of
the French nation, recorded a Specimen
of' their poh' tenets and humanity,
especially to the English nation,
which would hardly gain credit,
were it oor mentioned by an histonati
as acknowledged fidelity.
The passage is to he Sound in p
567, as follows. viz , The Duke
oS Normandy, Begent of France, in
the beginning os the yeas
yrhile his father. King John, was a
prisoner in England, tent a fleet os
thing, ' no less that 1ZO sail, and
armed inen. 1o invade ibis
kingdom, under the conduct of lhe
Earl os St, t^tul ; who, coasting atovt
thc borders or Kint and Sutler,
landed at Rye- and Hastings, where
they Spoiled the 'towns, Slew the
People. and did much harm to the
poor fishers.; but especially no Sl.
Matthias's day, they Suddenly took
bad at Winchehea, where they slew
all they met svith, Snoring neither
age, Sex, nor order; bur only Such
matrons, or virgins. whole youth and
beauty made them desirable, were
truelly reSeryed for a life far worse
than death Among 'many abominate
and execrable deeds done at ibis
time hy fbis piratical fort oS Villains,
one most horrid and diabolically amtuotiS
is related. namely, that, upon
sheir first landing. bearing tbat mast
the inhabitant vaere at church,
it bring tiyn^ of high mass, tbey
tan immediately thither, where, without
any regard to the place, baying
^misted mmy r-iurdes., and robbed
A R Y,
the altar and the vestry. at last theF
found there a very comely young gentlewoman,
of exact shape and beauty,
who came tbither with her neighbours
to bear mass ; her these unchristian
villains abused there in tie
very church, making ufe ofber ho y
to long, one after another, till the
uiihaapv woman died under their
hands'. An abomination like that of
tbe wicked Gibbeatbites. whose intemperate
and barbarous lust bad vrcH
nigh occasioned the total extirpation
of one of the tribes os titaes" Mr.
Barnes adela, That,
' While these ungodly vrrerches
were thus busied in Spoiling. robbing,
murdering, and worse matters. the
townfinen, who had Bed, had tailed
the country in Such t^allitiides that
the Frenchmen durst nor stand them,
but Set foe to the tnwo ol WinchelSea.
and cartied away great fpots.i
and many prisoners. among whorn
were nine very beautiful women,
wherm they so filthily abused, that
it is Shameful to relate or think of
it'
N B Thee above relation is at this
time sebeuit.ted more particularly lea
the reflection of that part ol the fait
sex of rbis island. who are so extravagantly
fond of the French fashions
and Scppeiies, that nothing care please
them but what is of the growth,
manufacture, or fashion of thai conntry.
and what bears Such names as
pompadore. pomponee, negligee, trolopee,
and the like. ta-sa ruode de
Paris. Can tbey think, lror>i tbe
outrages lately coenmn ted by the
MnScr.viles, Calrari'c^ Cctlhey. ^et.
on the Sex its Prussian Sloraerartia,
that even the Rndisn bear is more
rugged and mifchieson. rsaia were
these French iuosedtes--? Or 1 hat the
descendants of theeieare to polite that,
if they were to make z hostile visit tea
the foundling hospital, arid other nurseries
of orphan • in lingland. lhev
Wou'al treat theirs nscsye politely than
thev have done the orphan bouse as.
Zell

Tr^C MA G A ^ 1 N E of M A G A 2 1 N E ^
An authentic account of the engagement
of the Victory privezlter of 40 guns.
with the St. Michael of 64 guns,
the Atlanta of tab grins, and the Amesbyst
of 3 a. guns.
e I '^HE Victory having taken off the
P. western islands a French privateer
called the Orislamme, the prisoners
confirmed the account of three
French East India Ships being expected
foon at Fayal. On the 17th of Nov.
at Seven in the meaning three large
ships appeared, to which the Victory
gave chace. When she was come
near enough to discover shem, they
had So disguised themfelves that they
appeared so be the very ships Sought
after, the Atlanta, particularly, had
her quarters stuffed Yvith cotton, and a
gallery, exactly like an lndiaman. sellout
eight capt, Came fired a quarrer-dek
gun across the Amethystis
tore foot, in order to ololige them to
shew their colours ; oii which they
all three hoisted English colours, but
did not return the shot although two
of them were at that time very near
the Victory. 1 his made capt. Caine
fttSpect they were French ships of
Wat, and only waited for the large
ship, which was about half a league
a item, to come up : He therefore
made fail from them, on which the
Atlanta and Amethvft, by a Signal
from the St. Michael, instantly
hauled down English colours, put
up French, and began to engage,
one on each quarter of the Victory,
at about half gun-shot distance,
and the St Michael near a mile astern.
The Victory returned the fire, first
to one, then the other ; and immediately
set her top-gallant and steering
fails, hoping thereby to make her
elcape, especially as Capt. Caine
fouud, after his sails wer^ set, that he
sailed as fast as either the St. Michael
or Atlanta , but the Amethyst outsailed
them all much, and So stopped the
Victory's w'ay by knocking down maay
os" her Small fails ; that about
eleven the St. Michael came up, and
began to cannonade furiously, which
she could easily do with her lower
deck guns, as it was very Smooth water,
and little wind. None of the
frigates had yet thought proper to
come alongside of the Victory, fo She
could make no defence but W'itbhet
stern chace guns, which however did
the enemy considerable damage ; yet
in this manner the Victory had all
these three sires upon her till one, when
the Atlanta made fo free as to run
upon the Victory's heam, and there
she discharged two or three broad^
sides ; but the Victory's superior metal
obliged her to quit that statist,
and she Sor some time sheered off almost
out of gain-shot.
The St. Michael and Amethyst
were all this time on each quarter os
the Victory, doing their utmost to
destroy her, and though they could
have very well come along side (the
Victory being by this time disabled
in her masts, Sails, and rigging) they
did not care for it, as they thought
her to be a 64 gun ship. About three
the Atlanta returned to the charge;
but not to the fame station, for she
now kept on the Victory's how,
where there could but sew guns be
brought to bear on her without lob
ing way, and she continued in that
situation till near Sour, when the
Victory struck to the St. Michael.
The chief aim of the French Seemed
to be to diSable the Victory ia her
masts and rigging, which they did
most effectually, for her main mast
was So wounded in two places by the
St. Michael's 24 pounders, as made
it expected to go over the side ; she
main and main topSail-sheets both shot
away ; the bowfprit and main topsail
yard each shot thto' in two placed
four main shrouds on the statboat^
fide shotaway, most of the jeers and
ryes shot asvay ; the yards settled and
rested wholly on the slings, the main*
top-mast wounded, the maiutop-Saii'
tye and Slingti both shot away ; scarce
a brace oi bowling but what Shot
aways

fof F F F R U A R Y,
awsy; many shot in the hull, Some
oS them herween wind and water, and
at that time not to he come at, So that
it was with the greateSt difficulty, and
lying to near two days to repair, that
aSter all the French could carry her into
Brest.
The Victory was lucky enough, by
the French shooting at the rigging, to
have only 7 killed, and i4 or i6
mounded ; yet there were 7 5 Sick in
their hammocks, and numbers oS
thoSe who Sought heing lately recovered,
were So harrassed by this engagement,
that they could not stand
longer to their guns, and therefore
capt Cane, aster advising with his
officers, refolaed to bear up to the Sr.'
Michael (who was then close under
his lee-quarter) and gave her a whole
broadside, and try iS possible to bring
down a mast or Some principal yard
or topmast, as the only probable
means as escaping : This was done
within a ship's length, inSomuch that
the Erench commodore expected he
^'as going to be hoarded ; but to cornpleat
capt. Caine's misfortune, this
attempt had not the desired effect ; he
was therefore obliged to Submit, and
give up his shattered ship, So dearly
purchased by the French, that the
Amethyst had a i killed, and upwards
of 3o wounded, the Atlanta had 14
killed and inany wounded, and the
^t. Michael had i i killed, and Several
Wonnded, besides the great damage
done to their hulls, masts and
tigging.
af Thaie^fgiving Sermon for the lmpor tant
and eflionrshing Victory obtained on the
Fifth of December. 1757, hythep/ortouefSingof
Prussia, over the united
oriel far fuperior scree, of the Austriani
is^iasta Prenthedeu the Sahhalh of
the iOth of the said M^nth, at the
^tnaaogue est' tf.e sews in Berlin
by David lilrfthel p'rtneke/, Arch-ra-
Traestired form the Gernacrn
^rrgtna/, Printed at Berlin. ^VO
Pitcc 6 d.
^I'^^L Sollowing passages in this
g diseourse on Psal. x.xri. 23, 24,
will, we hope, excite many to purchase,
and peruse the whole. That
strain of sincere piery, and good senses
which runs thro' it, will reu:omraend
it to every candid reader.
" We have already, on another occasion,
put you in mind, dearly Ireloved
brethren of tbe house of Jacob,
that rejoicing or any extraordnary Savour
of God, does not consist in sumptuous
entertainments and revels, in
wild acclamations, and much less in
gratifications which disgrace human
nature ; no, the joy, which becomes
the man of holiness, and which alone
will be approved of bv God, must he
a spiritual joy, penetrating into our
inmost heart, and prompting us to
shew forth his praise, to meditate on
his loving kindness, and to offer to
him thefacraheeof good works, and
vows of benevolenee.
" We rejoice, that our re mOn fiance
has not been without its proper fruit.
Ye have made vows, for the relief of
the poor ; and particularly, of rhe
widows and orphans of thefe heave
Soldiers, who have laid down their
lives for their country and the lust
cause of their Prince • And these
vows, you may be afSured, are of
much Sweeter Savour to God, than
thousands of reioicings, as thev are
calied ; but as the fondness Sor extravagant
festivitv is deep rooted in the
human heart, and to overcome these
allurements is a Severe ardours work ^
on this joyful opportunity, we Shelf
briefly remind you of those reafOtrs,
which then convinced us of theaboveinention'd
truth.
" The sacred prophets frequently
inculcate to us, that God rejoices not
in the death of the wicked. To Specify
the Several passages would he Su-
perfluous. There is none of you who
can he unacquainted with them.
" Our rabbits, and doctors of the
oral law, go further. Thev teil us,
rlrat on the overthrow of Pharoah and
his host in the Red-Sea, through
which

a ^ Tltc' M A G A l, i ^ ^ of M A G A 2 S N ^
which the children of lfrael had posted
dry-shod, the Lord Spoke unto
tehem, Saying. The works os mine
hands fink in the seas. and ye are singin^r
before me 1 Consider, my beloved
faiends, is it was So when only heathen-.
perished ; heathen^ who had no
knowledge os the Supreme Siting,
and who polluted ther whole earth with
t^heir Idolatries, what shall vre Say in
our days, W hen Such a light has been
diffused among all civilized nations,
tthat ^hcy worship the Creator of the
earth, and beat Name is a holiness arnong
them ^ We- are all children of
the tone living God They, who declare
themselves our enemies, arc ee^ually
the- works or his hands, and
love and Sear bun ; and we should love
thern. were they not Seduced by per-
-.teitSe Patsiora, let dia'tuabthe tranquility
or Ot^r dear sovereign. S.lan we
thei, Shout, and give ourselves up to
the frantic excesses of a SenSual ioy,
the destruction of the works os God'a
hands ?
•• lt may be objected t It is nor Srom
the defeat of the enemy, that our joy
arises. God forbid that see Should he
^leafed with slaughter, or that our eyes
'should take a delight in viewing the
^rreanie, of human blood ; which, to
the disgrace of mankind, are incessantly.
slowing- But truth and justice bear
W.itnesa against our enemies, as it is
ananisest that oaar mid Sovereign is.
perfectly innocent os the vast e-ffuSions
at tslood ; andthat it is only absolute
accessing, derived from. perfidious machinations,
thar he has drawn that
victorious Sword, which otherwise,
though possessed in such pre-eminence,
of all military qualities, he would
slave wished itiight have relted in peace.
S^hall we not reyoice,^ that justice triumphs;
that the Sagacity osour king,
baffles the devices ol the enemy ; that
bis heroism, and the intrepidity ot
t^ur countrymen, will shine in history
and be the admiration of latest posterity
?
•• l answer t IS your joy Springs
from So pure a Source, See that it be
urat only hsauu^leSs, hat c-^mmandahe,
aod pleasing to God t But, my beinged
brethren, Sosget alio, that the pritryary
cause of our deliverance is to he
fought for in something higher thaa
tlie prudence as man than wordly experience
in war, or habitual yalotrr.
Behold, the eyes os the Lord are on
them who fear him, who hope in hit
gooduess ; that he may deliver their
tool. Acknowledge the hand- os the
gracious preserver of the earth ! He it
was who Suggested to our deliverer Such
planti as aH history cannot parallel !tle
it.Waswho armed with intrepidity she
breaftas of your countrymen; who enabled
them to perform, under thecoryduct
os our incomparable sosoereign, exploits
which future timet, must ne-ceffari.
ly look upon as adventaresoftiiefahlilulis
ages ! Yon'have seen wondets and
Supernatural things,of which anciently,
your ancestors aione could boast:- Lay
them to heart .Witha proper inteoscaess^
^nd your souls will be absorbed in devotion
and placid contemplation ; in Solaces
infinititeiy Sweater thar^ all rairth
and diversions ; which, however they
foscionte the senses, never reach the Soul!
" Imitate the GLORtoars ^eircaosl
the waiSE MoNsyRcsr I whom thekotd
hath choSeryas the instrument os prodigies
l However self-love may darale
the eyes os the burk os mankind.
none os tbe victories, which he his
obtained over his persecutors, does he
ascribe to himself All the honour he
refers Soley to the Lord ; who toieffes
his arms, enlightens his naderStsnding,
and strengthens his heart. No sooner
had the flying enemy leSt him the vic'
tory and the field of battle, sh^
jointly, with his whole triumphant army,
he returns thanks to the giver ut
all good. I See him t l see the aa^St
warrior, in the presence of his troops.
lift up hia wearied hands to heaven;
" Lord t my Creator!" cdes he;
" thou knowest how innocent l am
" of ah the blood shed this day. SsCh
" was thy will. father. Nnsv, r^
" loyal fellow-Soldiers; thank
« with heart and tnoutb ; for he^
who hat deliyet'd aa "
at L heit:

^tr F F F R U A R Y,
.sc ^eSe words Suspend the pangs of
death.' The expiring Soldiers make
a iztt effort to arise themselves; and,
with broken accents. jovn the hymn,
which was Sung with exstacy by the
whole army, whilst tears dropped Srom
the eyes of the royal hero. The
Lord counteth thole tears, and aceepts
os them as witnesses against the
unrighteous, who would load the
king with the guiltoS all thiscarnaget
tliereSote shall his enemies be turned
back ; e^ad, when he calls, he
Shall find that the Lord is his hclper."
DeScription of the heals ti/rd Lake of Killarney,
continue.-/ from p. 16.
^ IS 'Hla arbutus. which cloatha these
L islands, give even the haggard
winter the beautiful appearance of
Spring ; for in that melancholly SeaSou
this tree puts on its highest bloom ;
which rarely growing in other places,
is more likely to be admired by strangers
in this. The preparation of
charcoal, Sot the icon works, bath
b^en the occosion of a great destruction
oS this beautiful tree in other
parts oS the country; and it is Said,
that even here, it Suffered much by
an accidental fire that laid waste a great
part oS a forest. Its growth, upon
rocks of marble, where no
eingh appears, and So high above the
Surface of" the water, renders it a
matter oS both Surprize and pleasure
n.
Shis tree is extremely agreeable in
every different circumstance os vege-
ration, for it hath, atone and the Same
time, ripe and green fruit upon its
branches, which, as they appraock to
ripeneSs, from green become yellow,
.and at length terminate in a fine
searler colour, resembling, in form.
afield strawberry, though in Size that
of the beft garden kind.
The blossoms grow in cluster^ os
Small White bells, not unlike rhoseaos
the lily of the valley; and in S^.rc^
great abundance, as, in that respect
alone, to he equal in beauty to the
LaurustinuS, and in orher respects
much Superior to it i For the agreeable
verdure of the leaves, not tnnci
unlike the bay, the Scarlet hue os the
tender part of the stalk, and all the
different stages of vegetition, at^tne
and the Same time, from the knitting
fruit to perfect ripenefs, cannot but bo
exexceeding agreeable to the curious
observer.
Upwards of 4o islands in tkislakeare
covered with an intermixture of these
trees and other shrubs ; besides, at
least a fourth part of the assent of
the mountains, the verges os whose
bases, like that of Mangerton, and others
ahove mentioned, are washed hy
the water of thisdake.
Thus having mentioned what was
remarkable os the mountain^ which
surround ir, and os the lake itfeif",
and its islands, 1 Shall beg leave to
apply the following lines of she poet.
whofe defcription of the lake Pergus^
is no ill picture of Lough -Lane.
——— aVon i/la p/ura eingstror
Car men a Cignori.ru laberalihro andit in
undis
Stivacsyonat
' The Arbutan, Saith Sir Thomas Mcallneaux ^in the Pkilainghiual Transactions, Ns.
is neat to be Sound any where, of Spontaneous growth, nearer to Ireland then tbe
racsSt t^uthesn part: of France, Italy, and Sicily; and there too, at is never knosvn brst a-s
s Sitrtee or tbswb , whereas, 'an the rockv parts as the county eaf Kerry, about Leau^b-l.ane,
•nd in iessne of the reacky mountains adjacent, where the people of tbe Country call re tho
e^ea^pie, at Nourishes naturally to tbat clcgeee as tea become a lar^e tail tree. Pctrur Best's
aatsServes, that it death Sea rn mount Atheas in Macedonia; and lyba is quested by flrny,
as mentioning, it rt^ a thing extraordinary, that the Arbutus grow- to an hingtreein Arabia
or. ^Sealtineux adds, tbat the trunks of the trees in Ireland have been frequently sorts tcct
aas art half Pet cirettamserence, ear r^ inches in diameter ; and that the trees geov.- tea abaat
t^ ire car ten yards in height and in Such plenty, that many of them have been cut daawa ta
^est aadre^aethe asef of sorer ana lead tuir.es diScerered near Rcat's-caitle.

Ti^ M A G A 2 1 N ^ of MA G A 2 1 N E ^
Silvacor^nnt aqnas, cingens hztus omne ;
Sinstf -;
Frandihat. rat vele, Phezbeoi fubmovet
ignes.
Fraigora eloit rami, TyrsOs humais hum re/a
stores,
Persa tuuin ver est.
Ovln.MttAM. Lib. V.
The principal inhabitants of these
lOttv mountains, except a sew wood.
men. kept in theSe forests by the lord
ot the Soil, are great herds of red
deer t The chase of which affords
a much higher gratification to the
sportsman than in most other places.
And when a Stag is hunted near this
lake, nothing is more agreeably surprizing,
that the repeated echoes ; it
heing Scarce possible to distinguish the
real clangor of the French horns, or
the tree cry of the dogs, from the
numberless reverberations os them among
the rocks and mountains'
/ssceptUsclomOrsenstralurhiantes. VlRG.
And we may also justly apply to the
unharhouring of the deer, what the
fame poet more metaphorically sings
of Caesar.
last /etitia voces ad sidera jactant
lntonsi months .• last jam carmiua rupee,
Ipsa sonant arbosla : .
To which may not improperly be
added the following lines of a modern
poet.
Hark ! the loud peal begins the clam'rou5
joy,
The gallant chiding loads the tremb.
ling air.
Ye Naisds fait, who o'er these floods
preside,
Raise up your dripping heads above
the waves,
And hear our melody. Th' harmonious
notes
Float with the Stream ; and every
winding creek
^ ad hollow rock, that o'er the dimpling
flood
Nods pendant ; still improve frot^
shore to shore
Our fweet reiterated joys. What
shouts,
What clamours loud ! what gay heartcheating
Sounds
Urge thro' the beeathing hress their
mazy way !
Not choirs of Tritons glad with
Sprightlier strains,
The dancing billows ; when proud
Neptune rides
In triumph o'er the deep
Sonlerville'a Chace, B. IV. v. 40i,
&c.
The echoes which are caused hv
this sport, reverberate the sound in a
manner not to he described, nor la.
lieved by any but by those who hare
heard them ; the whole durstion.of a
single found heing near a minute; and
yet the repercussions are innumerable,
and the variety inconceivable. But
the reader may from this imagine,
that a most furpriring musical eSsed
must arise from the variety of notes
issuing from the throats of a large
peck of huck-hounds, enlivened by
the cheating shouts of the sporthaen,
and the noise of the horns.
From the mountains the stag often
flies to the foil for refreshment, where
he is fometimes taker, by persons who
attend in hoats to cast a rope over the
horns ; or the poor animal is putSued
to some island, where he is killed;
or heing refreshed by Swimming is
hunted again to the mountains; ta
all. and every of which places, particularly
towards the upper lake, she
echoes are prndigious grand.
But the most astonishing sounds, emulating
thunder, are thofe made by
the discharge of cannon, placed la s
proper situation, upon the points of
some particular islands, which may
hest answer to the concave sides of
the mountains. When the piece ts
first exploded, there is no return ct
any particular sound for near a minute;
but then a loud clap of that'
det, which lasts for several Seconds.
ensues ;

F F I^ F N
enSues; and, altera short pause, a second,
and fo on, for several repetitions
; like volleys of fmall arms, which
ate alternately anfwered from the
neighbouring mountains and valleys,
and, at length, die away, with a
noife relembling that oS the waves
oS the ocean beating against a concave
shore. Nothing would be more
pleaSaat than the tinging oS a peal
oS hells placed in a imall island Itl
this lake, which would Seem to be
more numerous than all thoSe oS a
great city, by being anSweted by nnmherleSti
imaginary bells Srom the neighbouring
rocks. But this, with Several
other methods oS improving the
natural beauties oS the lake, particularly
the placing tame Swans on it,
aad other embelishments, is Submitted
to its owner, who, by adding,
if possible, to its native elegancy,
might render it more pleasing to travellers,
who may be induced, out os
curiosity, to visit it, and which would
heoS great advantage to the adjacent
town of Killarney.
there have been but Sew countries
in Europe that have not conrtived
means to draw a concourse aS people
so visit them, whose very travelling
and intercourse increaSe wealth and
trade ; and are a Secret moti ve to induce
inhabitants to come and Settle
in them.
A river Sails from the upper Into
the lower lake, discharging itSelf between
the mountains of Glenna and
Lurk, between which hills is one of
tne most romantick glino that can be
conceived. The trees on both fides
-eem to overshadow this paffage.
aching kind of watery defile for
^me miles in length, and admits of
i considerable variety, being deep
ind Smooth in Some places, and in o-
Inets rocky and shallow ; at which
the passengers disembark, and
^ hoat is Sorced by strength of men's
^ms, under a kind os arch. The
^ing as Sails is here dangerous, on
^ountoS the mountain squalls, their
^ hanging directly over the river,
A R Y,
which, in this place, is almost too
narrow even sot oars. The stupendous
rock, called ehe Eagle's Nest,
noted alio for a fine echo, is commonly
a place of refreshment to pase
Sengers, who here enjoy tbe grateful
shade of tbe arbutus, yews, hollies,
and many other trees. that cover the
rocks in this canal, several of which
hang dreadfully over Its sides ; and,
no doubt, had a person Sufficient leisure
throughly to Search up the fides
oS this glin, and the adjacent places,
which would require vastly more time,
labour, and expence, than the encouragement
given to the works os
this nature will afford ; abundance
oS curious discoveries might certainly
be made here in the hocanical way,
especially in the adjacent forests.
The boatmen have given imaginary
names to these rocks, as to one the
Man osWar ; a rock which, in some
Sort represents the hull os a large vef^-
Sel, the mast and rigging oS which
is no other than a large branching
yew at the top. Having at length,
passed this long and nartow straight
the upper lake is discovered, which is
surrounded on all sides with mountains
of an amazing height, beautified also
with woods : For here, according to
Milton,
—^-^a Over head up grow
Insuperable height of loftiest shade.
Cedar, and pine, and fir, and hranching
palm,
A Sylvan seene; and as the ranka
afcend
Shade above shade, a woody theatre
Of stateliest view
Luxuriant: Mean while murmuring
waters fall
Down the slope bills. difperst, or in a
lake,
' '. Unite their streams.
Paradise Lost, Book IVa'
This upper lake is an oblong square,
extending north and south, but itia
not a third of the area of the lower
lake. The rocks and islands are here
inhabited

^ M A G A 2 l N E of AGA2SNE^
inhabited by eagles, oSpreys, hawks, ment, was that oS a luxuriant gardes,
and other birds of prey; as ace tbe where a great variety of trees and
forests on the adjacent mountains with shrubs, the produce only of a more
red deer. favourable clime, flourished Spenta-
In certain seslons very considerable niously, as the arbutus, juniper, yew,
water Sails and cascades tumble from buckthorn, servica, and others, found
the mountains into this upper lake, growing among the crevices of mathle
Which, with the ecbors, and delight- rocks : The seeds, and original planful
seenery of the proSpect, are also ration oS which 1 Suspect to have heer.
the chief entertainment of this place, laid here, many centuries ago, by the
as in she lower lake. In one or these monksof the adjacent abbles ; where,
islands travellers generally take are- meeting with a soil and climate Savour
past, for sew people go so far into able to their preservation and propa^
these wilds without laying in provi- tion, they have wonderfully flourished
fions heSore-hand. The manner of ever Since, without any assistance
returning is, either back through the from art.
same scene, or on horseback over the ' These natural gardens, therefore
mountain, on a new road, which was wanted little assistance to heauicy
made by Subscription of the princi- them, except an inclofure towards tie
pal gentlemen oS the county. laud, and the lopping away part cS
Towards the Southern part of the their luxuriance, to form avenues and
lake, situated on a kind of peninsula, walks thro' them, hesieles the addition
stands Mucrufs, the seat of Edward of such exotics as have bern but oS
Herbert, Esq ; a situation where na- late years introduced into Ireland ;
ture, in her native attire, very little among which there have bern planted
assisted by art, outdoes every thing a considerable number of vines, whtch
that human fancy, supported with are now Spreading their branches, and
She highest expence, hath yet per- crawling up several sloping rocks'
formed ; for whether we first reflect variegated marble.
on the delightful pmfpects that this It was indeed, an handSome eotn-
Seat affords, as the IoSry mountains pliraent which was paid to this place.
hanging over the lake, wooded by a late Right Rev. prelate o, whot":
almost to their Summits; cascades high taste in beauties oS art and napouring
down from Several of them, ture, as well as goodneSs os heart,
particularly that already noticed Srom and Solid learning, all the wer.d t'
Mangerton, which Sends down a toar- qually admired and aCkeowlolaed s
ing torrent not sal distant; the beau- who oeing asked, what he thought or
titul expanse of water which washes this seat, immediately anfweted, this
the verge of this gentleman's gar- the French monarch might poUihl^
dens and improvements, scattered o- he able to erect another Versailles, hut
ver with islands, fo wooded as to re- could not with all his revenues by out
present several well cultivated spots ; another Mucrufs.
also a particular lake called Mucrufs The gardens of this seat extend^
lake, divided by that peninsula from the ruins of an ancient Sriety called
the great one; and on the opposite Irrelagh, i. e. on the lough, founded
shore, a level, well improved country ; by Donald, son of Thady Mac catl
fay, whether we take in at one view ry, in the year r440, for Minority
all this i'nehanting scenery, or stop to or conventual Franciscans, and te^it'
ndmire the particular beauties of the ed by him in 146^, the year of hit
feat itself, we shall find Sufficient mat- death. It was again re-edified in t^
ter Sor pleasure and admiration. The year i6o2, but foon after suffered ^
'natural appearance of this place, hefore
it v-as adorned by any improve- 1 ^tselthottse's Body oS Dirirarrys
. • •' . • • • . ^

FF^URARY,
to ruin. The walks are surrounded
by a venerable grove of ash-trees
which are very tall, and in fome places
grow spontaneously, from the
ruins of the abbey. The choir,
have, and steeple still remain entire,
in which ate Several decayed tombs.
fhe cloysters are likewise entire, and
consist oS Several Gothick arches oS
Solid marhle, which incloSe a Small
Square, in the center oS which stands
one of the tallest yew-trees I have
ever seen ; its fpreading branches,
like a great umheella, overshadow the
niches of the whole cloyster, forming
a more Solemn and awful kind os covering
to it than originally belonged
to the place. The steeple was fraall
and capable of containing only a single
bell ; and it is supported by a Gothick
arch or vault. The bell was,
not many years ago, found in the adjacent
lough, and by the inscription,
was known to have belonged to the
priory, which from the time of its
foundation, hath been the comentory
of the Mae Carry- Mores, and orher
families. Cpon the dissolution of religious
houses, the revenues and Scire
or" this abbey were granted to capt.
stohert Collam, who assigned them to
bishop Croshie.
"She town of Killarney is a fmall
thriving place, being considerably improved
since the minority of its present
owner, the lord vise. Renmare,
^hohath encouraged several inhabitants
to fettle in it, and hath erected
Soaie houses for linen manufacturers,
ahout a mile from the town. There
are already four new roads finished
^ this town, one from the county of
^ork, which leads to that city ; a seated
from Castle-Island, which proteeds
cowards Limerick ; che third is
that to the river of Kenmare before
mentioned ; and a fourth is lately
unde to Castlemain ; from which last
new roads have been carried to
1 ralee and Dingle. The neighbourhood
as the
mines affords employ^
merit for Several people, and will
^nsequeady cause a considerable sum
X
of money to he fpent in it. A new
street, with a large commodious inn,
are designed to he built here ; for the
curiosities of the neighbouring lace,
have of late drawn great numbers of
curious travellers to visit it, and, no
doubt, many more will go thither to
partake of the diversions and amusements
of that place, when they can
he assured of heing commodiouily
and cheaply entertained.
The principal ornament of Killara
ney, is the seat and gardens of lord
Kenmare, planted with large nurseries
of fruit and timber trees. His
lordship proposes to enlarge a canal,
which runs thro' bis gardens, and
to make it communicate with the
lake, which svill not only render them
more heautiful, but will also add to
the convenience of water-carriage to
and from the lake. Not far from the
houSe is a large and pleasant park,
well wooded, and stocked with deer,
which he hath also in plenry in the
forests of the adjacent mountains.
The Secret Reofous for sust lastng a Duty
upon News Papers.
A MONG the matters of impetss^
tance during this Session, we
may justly number the proceedings of
the House of Commons with relation
to ehe press, since her majesty's message
to the House, of January the
seventeenth, concludes with a paragraph,
representing the great licences
m publishing false and Scandalous libels,
such as are a reproach to any
government ; and recommending to
them to find a remedy equal to the
mischief The meaning of these words
in the message, seems to he confined
to these weekly and daily papers and
pamphlets, reflecting upon the persons
and management of the ministry. But
the House of Commons, in their address,
which answers this message.
makes an addition of the blafphemiea
against God and religion 1 and it is
certain, that nothing would he more
for the honour of the legislature. than
x a some

T^t M A GA 2^ N'R ^of M A C A' 21 N E S
some effectual law for potting a stop to
this universal mischief : but as the
person [Mr- Secretary St- John, alterwards
Lord discount Bolinghroke]
who advised thequeen in that partus her
message had only then in his thoughts
the redressing of the political and factious
libels, I think he ought to haye
taken care, by his great credit in the
bouse, to have proposed Some ways by
which that evil might he removed ;
the law Sor taxing single papers haying
produced a quite contrary effect, as
was then foreseen by many persons,
and hath since been found true by experience.
For the adverse party, Sull
vus rage and leisure since their Sail,
and unanimous in deSence of their
caufe, employ a Set oS writers by Subscription,
wbo are well versed in all
thetopicksoS defamations, and have
a style and genius levelled to the generality
of readers ; while those who
would draw their pens on the Side os
their prince and country, are diScour
aged by the tax, which exceeds the
intrinsick value hoth of the materials
and the work; a thing, if l be not mistaken,
without example-
It must he acknowledged, that the
bad practices of printers have been
such, as to deferve the severest animadversions
of the pobiick ; and it is to
be wished, the party-quarrels of the
pen were always managed with decency
and truth; hut in the mean
time, to open the mouthe of our e-
' nemies and shut our own, is a turn of
politicks that Wants a little to he explained,
Perhaps the ministry now in
possession, beranfe they are in possession,
may despise such triflles as this;
and it is aot to be denied, that acting
as they do upon a national interest,
they may seem to stand in let". need of
Such supports, or may fasely fling them
down as no longer necessary. But if
the leaders of the other perty had
proceeded hy this maxim, their power
would have been none at all, or
of very short duration : and had not
some active pens fallen in to improve
the good dispositions of the people,
upon the late change, and continued
since to overthrow the Salshood, plentifully,
aod sometimes not unplausihly,
scattered by the adversaries, 1 am very
much in doubt, whether thoSe as ing
helm would now have reaSon to he
pleased with their succcsa A particular
person may wish more Safety,
despise the opinion of the vulgar, because
it does a wile man no real harm
or good, but the administration a great
deal ; and whatever fide has she Sole
management of the pen, will loon find
hands enough to writedown their enemies
as low as they please. If she
people had no other idea of shot":
whom her Majesty trusts in her greatest
affairs, than what is conveyed hy
the passions of such as would compass
sea and land Sot their destruction. vrhat
could they expect, but to he torn is
pieces by the rage of the multitude 1
How neceSsary therefore was it, that
the world should, from time to time,
he undeceived by true representations
of persons and sactt, which
have kept the kingdom steady to iti
interest, against all the attacks of t
cunning and virulent faction.
However, the mischieSs of the
press were too exorbitant to be cured,
by fucb a remedy as a tax upou the
Smaller papers ; and a bill Sor a niuch
more effectual regulation of it ^it
brought into the bonse of cotaunonb
but so late in the Session, that there
was no time to pass it : Sor there hark
hitherto always appeared an unwillingness
to cramp over-much the li'
berry of the prefs, whether t'rom the
inconveuiencies apprehended from deiag
too much, or roo little; or whether
the henefit propoSed by each pit'
ry to themSelves, from the service ol
their writers, towards recovering et
preserving of power, he thought te
outweigh the disadvantages. rsowever
it came ahout, this affair was
off from one week to anotherthe
bili was nor brongh^nto the ^
till the eighth of June. It atas committed
three days. and then bear^ ^
no mote- . In this bill thete ^ ^

I^r FEBRUARY,
clause inserted (whether industriously their first sending their thoughts into
with design, to overthrow it) that the the world; and that thoSe who are
author's name, and place of abode, dull or superficial, void of all taste
should beset to every printed book, and judgement, have dispositions di.
pamphlet, or paper; which I believe rectly contrary t fo that if this clause.
ao man, who hath the least regard to had made part of a law, there would
learning, would give his consent to t have been an end, in all likelihood;
Sot, besides the objection to this clauSe oS any valuable production for the
from the practice of pious men, who, futnre, either in wit or learning : and
la publishing excellent writings for that infufferable race of stupid people.
the Service of religion, have chosen who are now every day loading the
out of an humble christian spirit , to press, would then reign alone, in time
conceal their names : it is certain, destroy our very first principles of reathat
all persons of true genuis or Son, and introduce barbariery amongst
knowledge have an invincible modesty us, vvhich is already kept out with so
aad suspicion of themselves, upon much difficulty by so few hands.
Ybe DetmePack PinlaSrspoer. By a Lanv.
ltt^e glaring Maps the wash Surround t
LI His furniture and taste,
b'or Sela the lab'ring shelves abound
With books in order placed :
Like bold militia troops, who Scotn
Yo break their rank or file ;
Yet, coward-like, thou backs thev tnm ,
a a a a a a a a ^ ^hat
it-- pend'roais folios ^race tho board,
There sturdy quarto', stand :
Aad Sqaat octavo'^, at his word
Salute tho master 'a hand.
Ybe ml nets twelves (Subaltern triher !)
PosseSs the tastier tine:
While with tho name, that each inscribes,
The letter 'ef laboia Shane.
la both he take, no Small delight:
While o'er his native soil
Frcrm North to bouib he win gains flight,
Without ca pelade or toil.
^rrt chief he gluts his ravish' d ryea,
Whtch et'er his volumes ^are,
^br ^arb he views with land Surprise l
1 heir numbers with amaze.
, Well — what a fr^ht a the Sa^e exclaims :
re er^ ^ hend tho weak baa done, (name, t
Here', hooka ! here'a order 1 and hers'.
" Aad those -.are all my owns''
s^ew of vifitanta attend, S
And at the praspect stare :
Ac^Sintanee here and lb asters asceu t .
Ycrai'd take at soi a lair,
Or poblie fale^where various books.
And various pamphlets vie ,
AddreSa your pocket or your leaok^
As courting yon to buy.
But nothing lefs^they're not fen bread :
They're bought to fend abroad •
Syphon would lain have seiencte Spread: •
For Science is ins God 1
Come, lie, pray take your choice, end -or,
Oblige me if you cant
Here's Latin Greek and Hebrew teres,
If yes.'. e a learned man.
For you ma'am, here'a an linger fb one;
And af yoaa have a friend
That yon would serve^'tra easy donee
1 bought 'em all to lend
St is my talent to diSpense
Such valuable things :
I value manners more than feo.Se,
And honour more than kings.
Aye - there aow^that's tho life of cruet
You have it ia yeowr hand :
That book's incomparably done a
'Tia Loins, so, so Grand 1
1 s'pose yon know by whom *tia wsrertea
'Twss written by Voltaire:
A lively bead aa ever thought,
Were verity his ease.
However, he's a charming hand ;
There's noting he can't do -.
His lies Sea dean, and at command,
1 Scarce can wish 'em stae.
Wrii-e

^ M A G A 2 1 N E ofMAGA^SNE^
Well ^ pray ^w ill no cane help themselves,
To what stand, here in view:
fere's folio's, quartos, eights, and twelves ;
Ccaine, pray now, ladies, do.
You mind—lve nothing sor my pains,
Tbe craft is all my own :
Your kind acceptance is me trains-.
And your applaase my crown.
Tha- Syphon, wastes the live long day,
How learnedly employ'd !
While tbe fly moments steal away ;
Uaselt and unerring 'ei.
But this is Syphon's coaitant coarse,
His calling and his pride :
Tbe model of a parish horSe,
That all the parish ride !
Continuation of R A N G E R S Paoerzss.
from p.
^Y^Here is the lifelike Ranker s Spent ?
11 With Soul So joyous ? So content^ ?
Content 1 how vast a treaStare !
No war near care shall drill my heart -
1 leave it ail to higher pow'rs
To fi^ht it otat at leiSaase.
Mote blest am 1 than Prussia's king,
Tho' (now) he*, fam d for avery thing,
And baflles every danger.
V.'en tho' he boasts that in a da y
Has teas of thoasaads he can Hay,
He's not So bseSt as Ranker.
CorrSd kiage indeed fike bonest ^ Singes
Their troops to Sise at pleaSure raise
St would he Something ctever :
Beat if their ^oys from Slaughter Spring
Heay'a geant that Ranger be no kan^
(Oa ao irach terms, however.)
Yet if to Stanch to vast exceSs
Gives vafiaat Pred'rick happiaef.,
To joy then he's no stranger :
For laea^h he must 'tils down he Say
At our rejoicinga 't'other day ;
At least 'twas So with Ranger.
Not but S honour Prussia's king,
Him toast, admare, his virtue', Sing,
'Tis rirtht, taut with discretion t
Foe Solfy shota'd not ^raide the Sou',
Nor mobs oaar laws near fives coat.out ,
Brat now they rase the nation.
Beat I'll ao more of mora are Is prate,
Thoy as unhappy are as geeat
(Much care with crowns is ^ivea)
Lave, unenjoy'd kings paSs away
Whilst mine's So much a iass'lee-day,
That earth's almost a Heavea.
o V.de Bsyes in the tarsal
And he who wou'd one Scene of joy
Make his whole life, let ham employ.
Like me, bis mind oa waamaa,
So fhaSf he turn to mirth hi, care,
Aad join with me to praii'e the fair,
Or I'll pronounce him ao man.
And aow (though 'tis not seckoa'd well
Of aay man to kiSs aad tell
Nor of his Sins to ^lory)
Ranker shall think it no geeat crime
(When next he has a tittle time)
To tell a rambling Stooy.
Rasrors.
Translation of the Ring of ^mffaa's Yerfes
to Profeifor Gottfched.
YY ^ 1TH bounteous yet with frragel hast,
11 Its meatal ^iSt judicious heav'a
Deals near alike to every laad,
Tho' differcat kiads to each are ^iv'a.
The Preneh of airy geaaus prere,
Britaania's Sons profound are kaowa :
Charm'd by the maing of SefS-love,
Each prized each prefers his own.
la Sparta, oace for arms renowa'd
Mars traia'd his noblest Soas of fame ;
Politest arts and maaners crowa'd,
With Attic Sweets, th' Athenian aame.
Prom Lacedremoa's hardy race
Our Germans, fir'd with martial ra^e,
Dauntless to fame, thro' danger, preSe,
Eaaolal'd ia th' historic page.
But toon their fkaw'ry -arlaads fade,
Aad wither from tho public view ;
No tuneful bard's reforming aid,
Their harth neglected language kac^.
This task Saxonian Swan 1 be thiae ;
Thy native toa^ue, with powerful art,
In aingard nature's Spate, refine,
Aad fweetly-meltrnct Sounds impart.
In Heflicoaian strain, aSliaane,
Aael Swetl our Germaa heroe's praita,
Immortal fbaSS their Saurels bloom,
Eatwia'd with thy Parnaflian bay..
The PrefeSsor's AaSwer,
r YFav'n that distinguishes bet sew,
L I Was lavish, matchleSs prrnce ! rs sou
It geae'd yon with the mingl'd charms
Of w rSdom, poetry, aad arms;
And bade you, thus adorn'd engege
The wonder of each future age :
It Sasrm'd you ia that happy meatr
Those blameshle extremes between,
Of British genius, too profound,
Aae breach see levity reaewa'd.
^ Herat

^r F F la R U
Flence, nicety poia.'d, and well refin'd,
'Ssue grandeur dignifies your mind ,
b'ess eScstads est paflioer ever roll,
TohScuse the bri^htnefs ot your Send.
l^Sass now where-e'ee your standard, fly,
Sishmits to your corrective eye,
And forms, as in his noblest Schools,
Bis heroes by vorar better rules ;
And hence your Germans rile in fame
Superior to the Roman name.
Letts' exit'd from their native home
Th' Athenian MuSes, fose'ef to roam
in Search of Some belov'd retreat,
Aiaaidit yourcohoets fix their Seat,
'Ssaasttorted, your behests obey,
And toilet tn where you lead the way.
fame's ^seenett laureat-svreaths you iieze,
And p tsuSe, Serene in learned eal'e,
Leaving th' historians of your a^e,
TSnSitribe y o u on th' immortal page.
Tneie gedlike tallents ufe—and toon
May Smiling Peace, (celestial boon !)
lies blooming olives all divine
Around your Sacred temples twine.
Ttaia bSeSfin^, mighty prince ! bestow-,
etxed every obstacle o'erthrow,
while, wish poetic raptures warm'd,
ltiri^the wonders you've perform'd,
Rotterdam, Jan. a.y, ry^. B. S^-rr.
Aa Eyrarez from the King of PRUSSIA to
^ianSieur YOLTAIRE.
VOLTAIRE, believe nae, were 1 now
' in private life's calm station plae'd,
Let SSeav'n for nature's wants allow,
With cold indiff 'rence would 1 view
slatting Fortune's winged halte,
And at the Goddefs lau^h like you,
Yh' infipicS farce of tedious Slate,
Imperial duty's real weight,
Yhe faithteSs courtier's Supple bow-,
'lhe tickle multitude's careSs,
And Hatt'er's wordy emptiness,
By Setn^ experience well 1 know ;
Atad, though a Prince and poet born,
^ain blandishments of glory lessen,
^tr, when the ruthleSi shears of fate
nave cut my life's precarious thread,
Arret rank'd me with th' uncoascioua dead
what wil't avail that 1 was geeat,
tsr that th' uncertain tongue of Fame
la btem'rvs temple chants my name ,
p^e ^lifssoS moment, whilst welive,
^ei^hs more than a^es of renown ?
hat then do Potentates receive
^ctod, peculiarly their own ?
^eet Ease, and unaffected ing,
UeteareSbc Peace and sportive Pleafure,
re^ throne and palace fly,
horn lay liberty, prefer
^ttSrlent Scenes of lovely leisure,
^ ^ monarch's buv fo dea-,
t. thorny pomp of Scepter 'd care
^ or bliss Shall ne'er depend
A R Y,
On fickle Fortune's caSual flight,
For, whether She's my foe or friend
In calm repofe I'll pass the ingltt ;
And ne'er bv watchful homage own
S court her female, or sear her frown.
But from our Stations we derive
Unerring precepts how to five ;
And certain deeds each rank calls forth,
By which is measur'd human worth.
Voltaire, within his private cell,
In realms where ancient honesty
1s patrimonial property,
And Secret freeaSom loves to dwell.
May r.ive up all his peaceful mind.
Guided by Plato's deatbleSs page,
In Srlent Solitude, refing'd
To the mild virtues of a Sage :
Best 1, 'gainst whom wild whirlwinds wage
Fierce war with wreck-denouncing wing.
Must be, to face the tempest's rage,
In thought, in life, and death a King-
Verses addrefled to the Duke of BEDFORD.
now Lord Lieutenant of lrrzeario, on hia
visiting the University of Dublin.
By Lord K E R R Y .
spoken in the Philasophy-Sthoas.
A While descending from the state's as.
I S lairs,
Welcome, my Lord to our more humble
cases ,
Thso' various mazes, nature we purfue,
While Sage experience holds the guiding
clue;
What governs motion, how one gen'ral law
Acts thro' all bodies ; all are drawn and
draw ;
Why the Soft air expands with pow'rful
spring,
Whence rapid winds, and Sounds far Swifter
wing ,
How light's mix'd beam one dazz'ling white
displays,
Yet dilf 'rent colours tinge the Sever' d rays.
^uch here the studies which our carea
demand
While peace, indulgent, glads the happy
land;
Teaace, friend to Science, nurSe to ey'ry art ;
And you, my Lord, this best of ^ifts impart
:
Hibernia Smiles Serene while yon preside ;
Wise to contistt, and active to provide.
Secure from sear, we nature's laws explore,
And Gaul's perfidious thunder frights no
more.
Oh! horn for height of human happiness ;
For Sure 'tis pod-like uSe oS powr'r to bleSs ^
Fair as it opens, hold the gen'roes courSe,
Next, under Heavn and George, acknotn-
Scd^'d Source
Of publick bladings. Whon the gracious
pov.-er
Which Sent, cecals thee and he late that hour l

Ti^n M A G A 2 1 N E of M A G A 2 l N ^
Crown'd with th' appsaase oS this grateful Written ia the H a I. v B r a t. x' .
iile,
Return more glorious tcs the royal Smile.
As ingb ia merit, high ia hoaotrr, stand
And ever, ever, oh ! hefriead this land.
Mean while may all, who birth or titles
From Mr. Thompson's Poems.
'^LTE Sacred tomes he my unerring gei^.
I Dove-hearted Saints, aad Prophets eagle
ey'd !
geace
1 Scorn the moral fop aad ethic Sage,
Like thee reflect new lastreoa the race. But drink ia truth from yottr ilSumia'd page:
E'en, 1, oh paldora youn^ ambition's Like Moses' bush, each leaf divinely bright,
aim,
Whore Gnd iaveits himSelS ia milder li^bt !
Woa'd in thy steps. tho* feeble, rife to Taught by your doctrines we devoutly rife,
fame,
••Faith points the way aad hope eabars the litre.
Wou'd, brightea'd by the rays thy virtues You tune our paflrons, teach thom how tea r^it,
lead.
And fink tho hndy but to raiSe the Sooat -
Derive like praise, and be what 1 commend. To raiSe it, hear it to mysterious day,
Nor want an angel to direct the way !
H I ^ T O R I G A L M
Continued form p-
A S the severities of She winter have
all^ for a short interval suspended,
in Some degree, the military operations,
of which this part of our work has for
many months bern an uninterrupted
history, we have taken this opportunity
to lay before our readers the motives
of Some late transactions, which
have been the objects of much Speculation,
not in this country only, but
throughout Europe. Among the principal
of theSe is the breach of the late
convention, the motives to which are
now laid before the publick by authority,
and confirmed by authentick
documents of the French administration
in his majesty's German dominions.
The motives ser breaking the Convention,
which were published immediately
when the troops of Hanover were
put in motion, are as follows :
^ N September 1757, a convention
^ was agreed upon between the duke
ear Cumberland and the Marshal duke
de Richelieu ; but France was no
S oner informed of ir, than she plainly
•manifested. that she would not acknowledge
the validity of the Said convention,
but, on condition that tbe
Hanoverian troops should engage not
to Serve during the prefent war against
France and her allies. And she also
insisted on disarming the auxiliary
troops, upon returning into their own
countrv
E M O I R
The duke of Cumberland, who had
on bis part fulfilled all the conditions
of the convention, and cauled part oS
the troops destined on their return Sor
thecountryos Lawenbourg, to hegin
their march, could not consider this
new demand otherwise than as a manifest
contravention ; the Marshal duke
de Richelieu having engaged not only
to let the auxiliary troops depart freely,
but the convention also Setting
forth in expreSs terms, that they should
not be regarded as prisoners oS wars
under which quality alone the condition
oS laying down their arms could
Subsist. Upon this, his Royal HighneSs
Sent ordets to the Sald troops to
halt-
To reconcile this difference, expedients
were proposed, which lest ao
shadow of pretext to the opposite parry.
But all in vain ; the troops, pent
up- in a narrow district, were exposed
to the rigour of the season, and cut
off Srom their businesa and emoluments
of every kind.
The French at first treated the convention
as a mere military Scheme;
but that which was then an act ^
tween general and general, is now he^
come a court affair.
Hard as she conditions of the convention
were for the troops of his ntt"
tannic majesty. as elector of Hanover.
the king would acquiefced in tbcm.
if she French had not discovered theit
design

E E ^ R
deSign os totally ruining his army and
his dominions ; and, by tbe most evident
inSractions and outrageous conduct,
Set the king free from every
thing to which the convention could
have hound him.
The great end of the conventional
act was to enter directly on negotiations
of peace, in order to prevent the
total ruin of the electorate of Btunfwick-Lunenbourg,
and procure an accommodation
for his majesty's allies.
Hut the court of France has not only
declared, time after time, that she
would not lend a hand towards a definitive
pacification with his majesty,
in quality of elector, but has shewn
plainly, by her continual violences,
excesses and insupportable exactions
Since the Signing ol" the convention,
that her resolution is, absolutely to
destroy the king's electoral estates, as
well as thole of his allies.
In the midst of a truce, the most
open hostilities have been committed.
^fhe castle of SchartzSels has been forcibly
Seized, and the garrison made
PtiSoners of war. ThepriSoners made
hy the French before the convention
have not heen restored, though this
^apointexpresly stipulated between
the delegated generals, and was exactly
satisfied on our part by the immediate
release of the French prisoners.
The bailiffs oS the reserved
districts, into which the French troops
^ere on no pretence to enter, have
heen Summoned, under pain of military
execution, to appear before the
trench commissary, with design of
compelling them to deliver the domainal
receipts os which they are the
administrators. They have approbated
to themSelves part oS thoSe
magazines, which by express agreement
were to remain wiin the electoral
ltoops ; and they still go on with frizzing
the houses, revenues, and corn
^eloiiglag to his majesty in the cisy
^ Ikemen, in Spightos the reciprocal
^engagement, whereby they are held to
Regard that city as a place absolutely
lee and neutral. And, lastly, they
I ^OL. XY.
U A R Y, 1 ^ .
hate proceeded to menaces unheard
of among a civilized people, of burning,
sacking, and destroying all before
them without remorse.
All these violent and uniust proceedings
ate incontestible proofs, that the
French will not admit the convention
as obligatory, any further than as it
may prove ruinous to his Britannic
majesty. They deny that they are
tied down to any thing, and assert a
power of acting at will. To So in-
Suppertable a degree oS infolence have
they carried matters, that the king
holds himSelf not only at liberty, but
even necessitated, without further regard
to the convention, So often and
So openly violated by the French, to
have recourse to arms, as the means
which the Almighty bas put into his
bands for delivering his faithful subjects
and allies from the oppressions
with which they groan.
As his majesty has never thought
of arming offensively against any
power whatever, but folely with a
view of defending himself and his allies,
he reposes his confidence in God,
and hopes for his benediction on the
justice of his enterprises.
The Authentic Documents of the French
Adniinrstratiort, in his Majesty's German
Donainl^ns-.
A^N E Gautier, a farmer from Paris,
^ P having ai rived at Hanover Some
days beSore Christmas, and there fixed
his office, a decree of council of
the K of France, appeared, dated the
18th of October, 1757, the tenor of
which is as follows :
^ a ^H E king having charged John
.I. Faidy, a citizen of Paris, to
take upon him the receipt, and administration,
of all the duties and revenues,
belonging to his majesty in
the electorate of Hanover, conquered
from the King of England, Elector of
Hanover, and bring to account all
such persons as have had the receipt,
and administration oS them, since the
conquest oS the electorate of Hanover';
and all persons, who, hefore the eleo-
Y torate

^ ^ T^C M A G A 2 1 N E of M AGA21NF.S
torate of Hanover and the other conquered
countries passed under his majesty's
dominion, were employed in
the direction and receipt of the revenues
of the country, for all the
sums they Shall have received, and to
receive of them the Sums due for the
.value of their farms t and the king
does hereby order, that till letters
patent, sealed and registered, shall be
issued forth, the faid Faidy be put
into possession ofthe direction, receipt,
and administration of all the revenues
and duties in the electorate of Hanover,
conquered from the king of England,
Elector of Hanover from the
time they have been subjected to his
majesty • it is his majesty's will, that
the receipt, direction, and administration
of all the revenues whatsoever,
be in the hands of the faid Jean Faidy,
or others appointed by him ; and,
for that purpose, that all the papers,
relating to the receipt, direction and
maintenance of the said duties and revenues,
be delivered to him by those,
in whofe custody soever they shall be
found. It is his majesty's will and order,
that all those, who have been
employed in the receipt and direction
ofthe said revenues. under what title
soever, be obliged to deliver to the
faid Jean Faidy, or his attornies, upon
their giving receipts, the accounts
they have given in their registers, land
rolls, and other deeds, by virtue
whereof they have received and collected
the duties and revenues of the
preceding sovereign, and that the
Said receivers shall account for what
they have received, and shall pay the
Sums still remaining due from them,
under pain of being obliged thereto
bv the ordinary methods used in the
king's revenues and affairs : his ma.
jesty empowers the said Jean Faidy to
remove the receivers, and all other
persons, who shall have been employed
in any part of the direction, receipt,
and administration, of the said duties
and revenues, and to place others in
their room, Ills majesty reserving to
himself the power of ordering she
vouchers of those in employment who
may be removed, to be produced, and
to provide for the reimbursing them
the money they shall prove to hate
paid, in the manner he shall jud^e
proper: his majesty orders, that ail
persons, who have been entrusted, under
the preceding government, with
papers, relative to the revenues oS the
electorate of Hanover, or thole, that
may hereafter be fo, to communicate
the fame to the Said Jean Faidy, and
to deliver authentic copies of all the
papers he shall desire to have, without
exemption under pain of disobedience,
his majesty in like manner orders, under
the fame penalties, that the magistrates
of the towns, districts and
commonalities, &c. shall deliver, upon
the first requisition of the said Jean
Faidy, estimates, certified by thereof
the produce of six years, reckoning
from the first of January, t75i, to the
last of December, i 7 56, of the duties
and revenues which the said towns,
districts, commonalities, and states are
in possession of ; that they likewise deliver
to the Said lean Faidy, estimates
ofthe sums they shall have paid to the
preceding sovereign, during the laid
fix years, and ofthe charges neceSlttrily
incurred during the Said term, independent
of the Sums thev have pairs '
It is his majesty's intention and ulll,
that the said John Faidy be put into
possession of the houses, offices, and
utensils, hitherto made ufe of in the
management of the revenues with the
direction whereof he is charged, payment
being made to the proprietors Stir
rent upon the footing he and they fltad
agree : his majesty likewise carders,
that all those who are actually employed
in the management os the revenues
of the electorate of Haaortt,
after having been authorised hy ctte
said Jean Faidy, shall continue to ^
without heing obliged to take any new
oaths, and that thoSe, who shall cos^
in upon a fresh establishment, shalt ^
admitted without any charges to

f^rFFFRUARY,
the oath, and discharge the duty of
the employments to which they shall
he aanied, upon the Simple presentation
oS the Said Jean Faidy : his majefty
orders, that all those who shall be
accountable and indebted to the duties
and revenues, of what nature Soever
they he, comprehended in the direction
and administration with which the
Said Je'an Faidy is charged, shall be
acquitted and discharged towards his
majesty- and all others, os whatfoever
they shall be found to owe, by producing
receipts Srom the Said Jean Faidy,
his attotnies, &c oS the accounts
they shall have given in at the time
they shall be balanced and acquitted :
it is his majesty's will, that any disputes,
that shall ariSe with regard to
the general administration of all the
duties and revenues, oS the electorate
of Hanover wherewith the Said Jean
Faidy, is charged, he brought he-
Sore the intendant and commissary
who has the department of the conquered
country, and adjudged by him,
Saving an appeal to his majesty's council
only : his majesty enjoins the Said
intendant and commissary of the Said
department to Support the execution
p uS the preSent decree, which shall he
secured, notwithstanding all opposition
and hindrances, of which if any
should happen, his maiesty reServes to
himself and his council the cognisance,
rtnd Sorbids the fame to all courts and
•udges.
Lone at the King's Council of State,
hcldat Versailles, the 18th of October,
1757. (Signed^
F Y N A R D
appears from the date and pur.
1 tiort os this decree, that the council of
^ Versailles was employed in framing it
immediately aSter the convention of
htemeworde ; and the Said decree insist,
that it was determined to change
•Sre government oS the electorate of
flaanoyet, notwithstanding what was
etpreSsly promised by the capitulation
on the oS Aug. i757, upon
ing Surrender os the capital, and that
ne administration herein mentioned,
wish which she said Jean Faidy is
charged, was ta extend itself to
the countries which ingghf hereuseer he
conqteered
If this confession, made by the
crown of France, itself, cannot but be
considered as an undeniable proof. that
the said crown had a premeditated design
of making an ill use of the cessation
of arms, in order to proceed in taking
possession oS the provinces they
had not yet seized upon, when the
cessation of arms was concluded, and
hring to utter destruction the electorate
of Hanover, without leaving the sovereign
thereof any method of preserving
it ; neither can any one dispute,
but that great weight is hereby added
to the motives which have induced tire
king our sovereign to take up arms afresh,
and which have already been
laid open to the eyes of s h e public-
At Stade, Dec. 2^, 1757.
Lewis Fra. Armand du Pleflis, D. de
Richelieu, Gen. of the French Ar nry
in Germany.
f-ff^HF breaking of the capitulation
g. of closter-Seven, in spite of the
most solemn treaty, and tbe word of
honour given by the generals, renders
void the treaty made with the country
os Hanovet, when the king's army entered
it ; and this infraction of good
faith requires the greatest rigour towards
the Hanoverian army, now actually
in hostilities
^ herefore we order. that all tbe
goods, and all tbe other effects of vs hat
nature s o e v e r , helonging to all the
ossicers or others actually with the said
Hanoverian army, be confiscated to
the king's use, and that the adminiittator
general of the conquered countries
take possession thereof, in order
to collect the revenues arising therefrom,
which ate to be added to the
contributions, and to make use of them
in the most advantageous manner for
his majesty, in whatever places of the
conquered countries they may be Sltuated.
We strictly require Monf de Due
de Randan, commander in the country

1 ^ 2 MA GAMINE of AG A 2 I N E ^
of Hanover, and all other commanders,
to enforce the execution of these
presents, and to support the fame as
far as it may concern them.
Done at ^ell, Dec. 22, 1757.
fSigneds The Marsha/ Due de Richelieu.
And underneath Le Lurez.
After such notorious proofs of
French perfidy as are here laid before
the public, it is astonishing to hear'
these tyrants and murderers of mankind
complain of the Prussians appropriating
to themselves, without any
declaration of war, without either reason
or justice, the revenues of the duchy
of Mecklenburg, whose sovereign
had actually entered into a treaty to
join his forces with theirs, and to
march to the assistance of tie Swedes,
v. ho were at that time engaged in the
conquest of Prussian Pcmerania. Yet
Such is their way of reasoning, that it
is lawful for them to invade, upon the
most frivolous pretences, countries in
peace with all the world ; but other
princes nault make no attack upon their
known enemies, till the mortal blow
has been strnck, by which they are
deprived ofthe power to make reprisals.
The city of Mecklin has undoubtedlv
been feverely dealth with,
the duke driven from his palace, and
the whole country ravaged. And the
calamities of the electorate of Saxony
ate no: to be expressed : fathers murdered
for concealing their fugitive
Ions ; merchants plundered for not
producing greater sums of money than
they are worth ; the real and personal
estates of deserters, of whatever quality
confiscated ; and the castles and
palaces of the ancient nobility plundered
and levelled with the ground ;
their plantations razed, and their gardens
and pleasure houses defaced and
trodden under foot by horses. Thefe
are the mildest calamities that the
poor inhabitants suffer, in the countries
in subjection to the conquerors
in the present war. Where the French,
the Austrians. or the Bussians have
gained the ascendancy, the most hor-
rible barbarities are and have been
committed.
The Swedish ar.my heing driven
from the places they were inpoSseSlion
of, as mentioned in our last, (p. 8a )
part of them retired to Stralfund, and
part to the isle of Bugen. St.alfunci,
the garrison of which consists of 6ooo
foot and 6oo horfe, is blocked up hy
the Prussians, whose advanced posts,
by fome advices, were so near the
gates that no provisions could be carried
into the place; the garrison ate
in great want, being obliged to kiil
their baggage-horses to subfist on,
which occasions great numbers of men
to desert. Other accounts of their situation
are not so unfavourable ; tbey
relate, that they have received ioo,ooo
crowns by a vessel Srom Luheck ; shat
i2,o00 barrels of rye have been
thrown into the town, and that they
are in no want of provisions. In the
right of the 25th of January the garrison
attempted to make a sally with
200o men, but finding the enemy under
arms, they retired into the town
with the lofs of an officer and a sew
men. A Prussian detachment has taken
possession of Wifmar ; and marshal
Lehwald has ordered a large corps os
his army to hold in readiness to match
towards the isle of Rugen to attack the
Swedish army there, commanded hy
count Rosen, who are waiting in expectation
of a reinforcement of 12.OC0
men from Sweden. The Swedes have
broke the ice, and planted cannon en
the horders of the river in order tooppose
the attempts of the enemy. Ike
the latest accounts inform, that the
thaw prevents the defcent intended^
the Prussians on that island. Upcn
the whole, the army of the Swedes in
Pomerania is in a deplorable condition.
having been obliged to relinquish m
first advantages and retire with laSs to
its own tenitory, The confident
the court of Sweden has in baron l^
sen's capacity, the new command^
of their army, is almost the only
station of their hopes for a favour^
change. , . •
Numho^i

fof FEBRUARY, ^
^umberlefs are the forces raising march into Bohemia ; and th^ states of
hy the combined enemies of his Prut- the empress queen in Italy hat-c issued
Stan majestv in order to crush him the orders for raising 24,ooo men for
:pproaching campaign ; and among her majesty's Sera ice, Forry-teao
the rest, a very formidable body of thousand French are in morion in Adstusiians
is actually assembled under lace, and ready to march to reinforce
the command of general Fermer ; an the armies in Germany Five thrsnadvanced
party of which, enterd Ko- fand Tuscan troops are also expected
nigsherg on the 28th of January, and to reinforce the Imperial army, The
general Fermer was every moment expected
with several thousands more.
s^s Soon as the principal inhabitants
heard of their arrival near that capital.
they moved off with their hest ef-
Sects; the garrison and kings ministers
alto lest that place and Pillau ; and the
foreign merchants Sent a deputation to
general Fermer, who assured them of
his protection. The magistrates of Daun
Jinoisberg likewise Sent a deputation to
him, in order to obtain as Savourable
terms as they could, particularly for
their trade. which is the chief support
of their town. Since this general has
heeu in possession of Konisherg, he has
required the inhabitants to take the
oath as allegiance to the empress of
ItesIia. It is a point said to be determined,
that as Soon as the show s
thawed, so that passes may be clear,
great part of the Ruslian army will
make long marches into Pomctania,
ted at the same time another body of
these troops will cross Poland, in order
to make a diversion in Silesia '1 he
number of Russians that ^lave already
entet'd into Prussia amounts to 3 i ,o00
men ; and it is given out at Warsaw,
that the empress of Russia is determined
to augment her army to i 2o.o00
men ; which is to be divided into three
corps, each oS 4co,o00 men. One
part is to march into Silesia under Pr.
1-utoiiiiSki • another into Prussia, and
the third into Pomeranla, in conjunction
with the Swedes.
'She court of Vienna is diligently
augmenting her armies, and threatening
destruction io that hero, who
singly defeased the much Superior Sorce
of her and her allies in the last cam-
P^lgrs- All the Austrian troops that
^ere in lta^ ayc said to be upon their
empress, with the consent of • the
Porte, has hought up in Moldavia.
L lachia, and the neighbouring provinces
4ooo oxen and 1z,o00 fireep.
for the service of the army. which
is to he augmented to zoo.ooo
men who are to act next campaign
in two bodies, one under prince
Charles, and the other under marshal
In our last accounts of the astairs of
Westphalia, we mentioned the French
having surrendered Hathousg to the
Hanoverians ; and also of their having
again taken possession as Rreenen.
Since which, we learn, that the
French have given the following new
proof of their good Faith : Tbe
troope which garrisoned the castle as
Harhourg, and, who by rberr capitulation
were to retire immediately io
France, and not to serve during the
present war against England. or her
allies, still remain in the French
army ; and alledge (as a reason for
their so doing) the Hanoverians leaking
the convention of lleen.erwede
, tho' its well known the French
were the first violators of that convention.
The regency of Bremen have wrote
a very pathetic letter to the magistrates
of Hambuurg, and to those os Inbeck.
w herein they complain bitterly of the
recent invasion of their ciry be the
French.
'I he head-quarters of the Hanovrian5
are still at Lunebourg. Past of
the duke of BiUaiSwick'tt equipege is
sent towards htade, which makes it
believed the first operations will be
on that side —The duke os Ihoglio
is taking. measures to hinder the approach
of shellanoveriatiSto Bremer^
or

1^4 ^ M A G A 2 I N
or to give them a hot reception if
they do- The garrison os berween 7
and 8o00 men is for this purpose distributed
in the Suburbs and an advanced
corps os I2,o00 is order'd to
occupy Several posts to cover the
avenues. The ramparts oS the town
are defended by a numerous artillery,
and the city- militia are employed in
hreaking the ice about the place.
The Hanoverians however are advanced
up to the very suburbs of Bremen,
and have Seized on the Leine Several
vessels loaded with provisions and
Storage.
Notwithstanding all the marches and
countermarches of the French, and
the many stratagems they have used, a
sew Hanoverian and BrunSwick regiments
hare feized on all the passes along
theWumme
The plan of operations on the side
of the combined armies, in order to
act against hisPrullian majesty, is laid
down as follows t Eighty thousand
Austrians are to act in the Cpper-Sises
ha ; the Russians ate to make a diversion
in the Lower-Silesia, in concert
with the Swedes ; 3o,ooo French
are to ^oin the army of the Empire,
which is to he augmented to 40,o00
men, in Bohemia i and the count de
Clermont's army in Hanover is to
he render'd one hundred thousand
strong, and is destined to attack the
hereditary dominions of the king of
Prussia.
His Prussian majesty, against whom
all the above mentioned formidable
armaments are intended, is likewise
augmenting his army ; and, according
so advices from Berlin, the proposes to
have four great armies in the field
in the fpring , one in Silesia, another
in Prussia, a third in Pomerania, and
a fourth in Westphalia ; the smallest
to be 4cr,o00, and the largest ho,ooo
strong. The Prussian forces are again
in motion on the side of BteSlau and
Magdehourg. On the first of February
a body of z500o Prussian horse
and foot advanced to the gates of
Horneboutg > a detachment os in-
E of M A G A 2 I N E ^
fantry seized upon the post of Stein.
field, in order to hinder the French
at Sohlade from succouring Hornebonrg
Some Prussians having Scaled
the walls, feized upon one of the
gates ; the rest poured into the town
and attacked the French garrison So
furiously, that they killed part of it
and made the rest prifoners, except
a sew that ran away They Setaed
upon every thing belonging to the
French, and divided the booty amoag
them. In the afternoon they evacuated
Hornebourg, and led away 6oo
French prisoners. The French hare
since abandoned all the posts they
occupied in the king of Prussia's territories.
Some Circles of the Empire having
complained of the king of Prussia's
troops, his majesty returned Sor
anfwer, • That those Circles had
• brought upon tbemfelves the incon-
' venience they complained os, hy
, refusing the neutrality offered them,
, and by concurring in the design
, of retaking Silefia ; whereby they
' had violated the treaty of Dresden,
' which was guarantied by the whole
' body of the empire : that theteStire
, it was to the court of Vienna they
, ought to apply to indemnify them i
' fince it was by their entering into
' the views of that court, that they
' sustained the damages they complaro-
The Prussians having taken peffrs
sion of Schwerin demanded 25,ooo
rix-dollars to he paid immediately ;
and 5o,o00 mote, together with a
great quantity of hay, straw, meal,
rye, and oats, in a short limited rime.
under pain of militarv execution.
L pon this Several of the Mechlett
hourg nobility have retired to Ham'
hourgh.
L he troops that form the blockade
of Schweidnitz (which is in great waas
os wood, Salt, and water) are distributed
in the neighhouring villages.
and So as to aSSemble on notice of sry
motion made by the gartilon of that
place All she regiments of ike king

I^r F F F R U
of Prussia's army are now complete,
audit was expected he would open
the campaign on the 14th or 15th of
this month.
By the latest advices from America,
we are informed that the French are
building a very strong and large fort
oS stone on an advantageous spot, a
little above Fort du (^uesne ; that the
Sort of du S^uesne conlists of between
2 and 300 men ; and tbat there are
in two Small towns near it, upwards
of 6oo Indians.
d View of the respective Ages of ad the
erowned he.adr in Europe.
Years
^iag of Great Britain 74
Prussia 4fr
France 48
Spain 44
Naples and Sicily^
(heir to Spain)
Portugal 43
Poland (E. of Sax.) 61
Sardinia 57
Denmark 35
Sweden 4tl
Impress of Russia 47
harperor of the Romans 4^
^mpreSs (^ueen of Hungary 4i
ishe Pope S3
^f he Grand Seignior 42
Ages of the Hcirt apparent
prince of Wales 19
Prussia 35
ldauphin a 8
Eldelt luSanta of Portugal 23
llake of Savoy 3 1
Prince Boyal of Denmark ^
.Sweden 1 a
Grand Duke of Russia 3o
joSeph Archduke of Austria 17
severs seorn Vice- Adm Pociiik, dated,
Tiger , esse Calcutta, in the River Itngby,
August 2o, 1757, bring orr aStrtiunt
o^ the Death of Pie- Adm. Watsin
by a fever, on the 16th of the
seme month, and inclosing the Cory of
a Letter from the said Vice-Anini-ul
^arsin, detcdy Kent, o^? Calcutta, 16tb
^ R Y,
of July 1757, containing the following
Advises. [Gazette.]
Capt, Toby, of the King's
Fisher sloop, i informed you in a
letler dated tbe 1 4th of April, ofthe
Surrender of the town and fort of
Chandernagore, (See Vol. ^IV. page
264) and in the fame letter, l took
notice of the great reluctance the Nabob
Suraja Dowla shewed to comply
wirh the articles of the peace, which
the leading men at the Nahob's court.
were sensible would never he established
in their country, while be
continued in the government, and
therefore proposed to enter into a
confederacy to divest him of his power.
Among these was Jaster Ally
Cawn, one of bis principal generals,
who heing greatly disgusted, became
very zealous to depose him, and communicated
the design to Mr. Watts.
the Second in council of this place ;
by whose letters of the 26th and 28th
of April. the committe was informed
of this affair, which was debated with
all the attention that was possible; and
after maturely examining into tbe hehaviour
ofthe Nahob, who was so far
from complying with the articles of the
peace, he had so solemnly Sworn to
observe, that he would not permit ua
to put a garrison into Cofsimhuzar, and
had given strict orders not to suffer even
a pound of powder or ball to pals
up the river. These measures, added
to the certain accounts we received
of his having invited M. Buffey.
the French commanding officer in the
province of Golconda, to join bins
witb all the troops hecould bring, gave
us very little reason io believe he had
any intention to continue even on
peaceable terms wish us, longer than
he thought himself unable so engage
in a war against us. It was therefore
judged most adviseable to join Jaffier
Ally ^lawan with our troops, ^ich o
step appearing the most effectual way
of establishing peace in the country,
and setting the English on a good and
solid foundation. This being resolved

1 M A G A 2 1 N 2 of MA G A 2 1 N E ^
on. our army marched the l^th of
last month from Chandernagore towards
Cossimbuzar ; and, in order that
Cos Clive Should have as many Europeans
with him as poiSrble, l agreed to
garrison Chandernagore ; and to fend
up with him on the expedition, a lieut.
7 midshipmen, and 5o seamen, to Serve
as gunners. I alto ordered the 2o
gun ship to anchor above Hugley, to
keep our communication open.
On the 19th os June. Cutwa, fort
and town Situated on this side of the river
which forms the island of Cossimbuzar,
was taken by a party detached
for that purpose. There the army remained
2 or 3 days for intelligence
ftorn Jaffier Ally Cawn, who, it was
agreed by all in the confederacy,
should succeed to the Nahobship, he
berng a man of family, and held in
great esteem hy all ranks of people.
The 2nd they crossed the river, and
the neat day had a decisive battle with
Suraja Dowla, over whom our troops
obtained a Cornpleat victory, put his
army to flight, and took possession of
his camp, with upwards of 5o pieces
of cannon and all his baggage.
He was joined by 5o French troops,
who worked his artillery ; and, by
the most authentic accounts, his army
consisted oS about 2o,o00 fighting
men, exclusive oS thole under the
command of Jaffier Ally Cawn, and
Roy Dowlab, who did not act against
us.—The number killed in the enemy's
camp were few, as they only
stood a cannonading. We had about
19 Europeans killed and wounded,
and 3o Beapoys. Suraja Dowla, after
his defeat, withdrew privately ;
as did Montoll his prime minister,
and Monick Chaund, one oS his generals.
On the 26th os June, Jaffier Ally
Cawn entered the city oS MuXadavat ;
and by a letter, from the colonel os
the 3oth, we were inSormed of his
having placed Jaffier Ally Cawn in
the anient Seat oS the Nabobs oS
this province ; and that the uSnal
homage had been paid bim by all
ranks oS, people, as Subah oSshe provinces
of Bengal, Bahat, and Otixa.
The 30th, late at night, a letter
caane from the colonel, advising that
Suraja Dowla was taken prisoner t aad,
on the 4th inst. he acquainted the cornmitte
of his being put privately to
death by Jaffier AllvCawn's Son, and
his party. 'She Nabob':, treasury, upon
examination, was Sound very
short of" expectation ; however the
colonel has already Sent down otse
third of the Sum stipulated in the
agreement ; and it is Said as much
more will Soon follow as will make
up half Tbe other half is to he
paid in three years, at three annual
and equal payments.
A Sew days ago the Matlborongh
lndiaman arrived here from Yizagapatam,
with an account oS fhe Surrender
oS that Settlement to the French
the 26th oS June. The garrison consisted
oS i 5o Europeans, and 2oo Seapoys
; and the French Sat down he-
Sore it with 85o Europeans, and
600o Seapoyt, hesides a Small body
oS horse.
Treaty made with Adin. W^atson, Col.
C/tve, Gov. Drake, Mr. Watts, aire/
the Committee.
I. The agreement and treaty made
with Nabob Suraja Dowla, I agree to,
and admit of
II. The enemies oS the English ate
my enemies, whether Europeans or
others. '
III Whatever gonds and factories
helong to the French in the provinces
of Bengal, Bahar and Orixa, shall he
delivered to the English, and the
French never permitted to have sa^
ties or Settlements any more in thee
provinces.
IV To indemnisy the compa^'
Sor their losses, by the capture of Calcutta,
and the charges they have beets
at to repossess their factories, l us^
give one ^ core of rupees.
4 One cote as a hundred lack, audcaeher.
is about r:^s. ^

^r F F F U R
V. To indemnify the Fnglish inhabitants,
who suffered by thecapture
oS Calcutta, 1 will give 5o lack of rupees.
Yl. To indemnify the loffes suffered
hyJentoes, Moormen, &c. I will
^iteaolackof rupees.
Yll. To inhabitants, the Armenian
PeottS of Calcutta, who suffered by
the capture, l will give 7 lack os rupees
The division of these donations to he
left to the Admiral, the Colonel,
and Committee.
YUI The lands within the Moratra
ditch all round Calcutta, (which
^re now possessed by other ^emidars)
and 6o0 yards all round without the
ditch, I will give up entirely to the
company.
IX The ^emissary of the lands to
the Southward of Calcutta, as low as
S.'ul pee, shall he in the hands of the
English company and under their government
and orders 'line customary
rents oS every district within that
tract to be paid by the English into the
tings treasury.
X Whenever I Send Sor the ash stance
oS the English troops, their pay
and charges shall he dishurSed by me.
From Hugley downwards, l
vill lruild no new forts near the river.
^11. As Soon as l am established Snbah
oS the three provinces, I will immediately
persorm theabovementioned
articles.
Dared the i 5th of the Moon Ramadan,
in the Fourth Year of the
preSent Beign.
in his own band.
la the presence of God and his
prophet, t (yyear to abide by the terms
^t this agreement while I have life.
^eer Mahmud Jaffier Cawn Bahadar
the stave of Allum Geer Mo-
^ B The new Nabob Jaffier Ally
has ^ing^ to the sea squadron
^d troops, fifty lack of rupees, bee
ihe sums stipulated by the treaty
^ other Services,
^OL, XV,
A R Y,
Extra-act of a Letter fr'om Rear Alnira/
Cerates, drtedNov.^, 1757, in Port
Royal Harbour.
^T^I E 25th of last month, Capr.
Forrest, in the Augusta, with the
Dreadnought and Edinburgh under hie
command, returned front their cruize
off Cspe Francois, who on the 2ist
fell in with seven French ships of wts.
At ^ in the morning the Dreadnought
made the signal lor seeing the enemy's
fleet coming out of Cape Francois
; and at noon Saw with certainty
they were four ships of the line, and
three large frigates. o Gapt. Forrest
then made the signal for the captaina
Suckling and Langden, who agreed
with him to engage them ; accordingly
they all bore down, and about ao
minutes alter 5 tbe action began with
great briSkness on both fides, and continued
Sor two hours and a half, when
the French commodore made a signal.
and one oS the frigates immediately
came to tow him out of the line, and
the rest of the French ships followed
him. Our ships had suffered So much
in their masts, Sails, and rigging, that
we were in no condition to purSue
them. Both officers and Seamen behaved
with the greatest resolution the
whole time oS the action, and were
unhappy at the conclusion of it, that
the ships were not in a condition to
follow the French who had frigates to
tow them off. The French on thia
occasion, had put on board the Soep-
1re her full complement of guns, either
from the shore or out os the India
ship ; and had alfo mounted the Outarde
storeship with her Sull proporrion
of guns 1 and had taken not only
the men out of the merchant ships.
but Soldiers Srom the garriSon, in hopea
their appearance would Srighten our
Small Squadron, and oblige them to
leave
o Namely, the lntrepide end Setoptre of ya
geaas each ; Opaniatse of tsa L'Oetarde of
aa ; the Greenwich of ; and the s^auyagei
and Unscora as ^uns each.

.M A G A 2 1NE
leave their coast clear for them to
carry out their lage convoy of merchant
ships ; but our captains were too
gallant to be terrified at their formidable
appearance ; and so far from avoiding
them, that they bore down,
and engaged them with the greatest
resolution and good conduct. And I
have the pleasure to acquaint their
lordships, tbat the captains, officers,
seamen and marines, have done their
fluty on this occasion, much to their
honour ; and l hope their good hehaviour
will he approved by their lordships.
[There is a mote particular account
oS this affair in the Jamaica paper,
which Says,—That the Dreadnought
getting on the lntrepid's how, kept
the helm hard a- starboard to rake her ;
or, if she proceeded, to fall on board
in the most advantageous situation
possible ; but she chose to hear up,
and continued doing so the whole
action, till she sell back disabled. By
thus hearing short upon her own ship
thoSe astern were thrown into disorder,
which they never thoroughly recovered,
and when the lntrepide dropt,
and was relieved by the Opiniatre,
the Greenwich, still in confusion, got
on board her ; while the Sceptre pressing
on thoSe, the whole heap wete
furiously pclted by the Augusta and
Edinburgh, especially the lntrepide,
who lay then muzzled in a Shattered
.condition with a signal out for relief.
The Outarde hefore this, had got into
the action, and played very briskly
upon the Edinburgh with her whole
broadside both upper and lower deckers.
Capt, Forrest perceiving the shattered
condition os all his ship (the
• masts, sails, boats, and rigging, being
mostly uselefs) thought proper to withdraw,
lest the loSs of a lower mast
should leave any of them at the mercy
of the frigates. Never was a battle
more furious than the beginning ;
in two minutes there was not a rope
Or sail whole in cither ship. The
French use a shot which we neglect,
called Langrioge, which is very destructis^
sn cutting the tigging. The
of^AGA^SNE^
Augusta had 9 men killed, and ^
wounded ; the Dreadnought o ryea
killed and 3o wounded ; and the Edinburgh
sive killed and 3o wounded.
This equality of killed and wounded
on hoard each ship is a remarkable
proof of the good behaviour of she
whole number.
A private letter from Jamaica takes
notice, that when a council of war
was held, the question was not, what
superior force the enemy had, or how
unequal the combat, the commanding
officer faying to the other two, ' Gea-
' tlemen, you fee the force of the
' enemy ; is it your resolution to
' fight them. or noc' Upon which
they hoth resolutely answered, • It is.'
Here the council of war ended, ha.
ving lasted ahout half a minute.
Capt. Cunningham, who was at
Cape Francois when the enemy returned
srom the engagement, and arrived
at Jamaica five days after in a Sing oS
truce, gives a particular account oS
the damages they received, by which
it appears, that the lntrepide, Reifies
own ship, had her main and mirea
masts much wounded, and was twice
set on fire by her own powder ; the
Opiniatre was dismasted, and towed in
by one of the frigates ; the Greenwich
much damaged in her hull, laving
between ao and 3o shot hetwees
wind and water 1 and the Sceptte So
much damaged hy the Edinher^t,
that she was obliged to quit the line
the second broadside. In short, Ile
shattered and deplorable condition ns
thefe shipe is not to be described.
having had above 500 men killed and
wounded, tho' no mention is matle^
the loss in the frigates. Capt
ningham adds, that they were all richly
laden with the returns of an India
ship's cargo, computed at S millions
of French Iivres, hesides a great entity
of effects on their own account'
the pillage of M. Kersin on the coast
of Guinea. .
Admiralty-office. Exfrocts of ^ liters
from Adm. Coats, dated Jatt^
Dec. 5 and 3i, 1757.
The aoth or Nov. the AsH^

Fttr F F F R U A R Y, i7^.
chased a French privateer of 18 guns,
arid a schooner privateer with a prize,
into Tiberoon bay, on the island of
Hispanolia, where the French had a
battery of 5 guns. The vessels hauled
dole to the shore, under cover of
the battery ; but it falling calm, Capt.
teller was obliged to tow in with bis
boats. The 2 1st he burnt the Snow,
funk the prize, and dismounted all the
grits on the shore. He had two men
killed in the action, and his masts and
rigging much damaged. The privateer
Snow was late the Duke packet,
taken in January last, commanded by
one Palanqui, who has done great prejudice
to our trade in this and the late
war,
^ov. 24. The Princess Mary brought
ia a Dutch ship laden with sugar, coS-
Sfe and indigo, one oSthe fleet that
Sailed from Cape Francois under convoy
of the French ships on the 13th
tilt. It appears by the confession of
her men, that she carried out from
Holland to Cape Francois, cannon,
powder, shot, and other military stores,
and was returning freighted with
their produce. I have ordered her to
be tried in the Admiralty court.
Bee. 6. I failed from Port Royal
msh his majesty's ships the Augusta
ted Princess Mary, The 13th the
Fa IDA Y January 27
I^Sormation was brought to Saun-
I ders Welch, ESq; that a considerable
quantity oS French money called
. ^ux Sous, were made and concealed
ia the houSe oS one Cartwright in
she Strand, ^ ^ ^ Welch,
by an order Srom the Secretary oS state,
^ent to the Said house, assisted by a
messenger, and two constables, and
^ited near i4 Cwt oS them : two perils
were taken into custndy Sor this
^lenee, and bound over to anSwer at
the next sessions the complaint of the
^ttltorof the mint,
Augusta took a fmall French sloop laden
with sugar ; and the French set fire to
a large ship of 16 guns and 65 men, in
the bay, to prevent her falling into
our hands.
The 14th we took two French privateers
with onr boats, one of 8 carriage
and i 2 fwivel guns, the other of
4 carriage and 8 Swivels : most of their
men fWam on shore. By the prisoners
I was informed that a rich fleet W^
ready to fail from Port au Prince, under
convoy of two armed merchant
ships of 24 guns each. I directly sent
a good failing sloop, that l have hired
for a tender, to look into that
port, who returned with an account,
that eight laden ships were come out
of the harbour into the road, and
lay with their mizen topsails loose unmoored.
I immediately ordered the
Augusta to stretch to the Southward
to guard the passage between the
island of Gusnava and Petit Guava,
and I kept to the northward with
the PrinceSs Mary hetween the Guanawa
and Cape Nicolau. The 24th
in the night, the Augusta Sell in with
the French fleet, confisting oS eight
ships, a Snow, and a brigantine, and
by noon next day had taken the eight
ships and btigantine ; the Snow only
escaped.
Sun. 29." His majesty's ships Prince
Frederick, Dublin, and Juno, failed
Srom Portsmouth with 1 5 Sail of
transports with troops on board for N.
York.
MON. 30. The lord chief justice of
the King's hench declared that court's
opinion of the case of the bank note
stolen out of the mail, and peid away
by che robber, who received che full
value of Mr. Miller, at che post-office
ac Hatfield, and then travelled on the
same road in a four-wheel post-chaise
and 4 horses, andat the several stages
passed off Several other bank note^
that had been taken cat nf the mail at
^ ^ the

1 ^ sM A G A 2 s W E
the same time,all which, at the request of
the owner who Sent thera by the post,
were Stopt by Mr. Rice, cashier of the
bank, and an action Suffered to be
brought against Mr. Rice, for recovery
of the money, when, after very
learned pleadings on borh fides, it was
most Solemnly determined, • That any
' person payinga valuable consideration
' for a bank note to hearer, in a fair
' course of business, has an undoubt-
' ed right to recover the money of the
' bank.' The pretxet for stopping
them at the bank was, hecaufe they
"^bad bern altered. the figures of is.
which denoted the date, having been
by the robber dexterously converted
to a 4.
This day being appointed for the execution
of the i 5 Seamen belonging to
the Namur (See p. 84.) the boats from
every ship in commission, manned and
armed, attended, and rowed guard
round the Royal Anne. A little before
12 o'clock the prisoners were
brought up, in order to be executed,
and the halters were fixing, when they
^were inSosmed his majesty had shewn
mercy to i4, hut they were to draw
lots who should be the man that was to
suffer death. Matthew M'Can. the
Second man that drew, had the unfortunate
chance ; and accordingly at a
gun fired as a Signal he was run up to
the yard-yam, where he hung Sor near
an hour. The reprieved are turned over
ro the GrsSton and Sunderland bound
to the East Indies. It is Said, thecauSe
of" the mutiny was only the dislike they
had to quit the Namur on board which
ship Admiral BeSeawen, when he took
upon him the command os the intended
expedition, hoisted his flag, and
syas to bring the crew of his former
ship with him.
Tutta. Feb. 1. Monf. Rene Brifon,
ad captain of the Prince de Soubise,
who formerly made his escape from
where he resided on his parole of honour,
went into France, and was sent
hackly order of the French king,
made a second attempt to escape
out of Porchester Castle, where he
of M A G A ^ I N ^ ^
has bern confined ever s i n c e his return.
He had bribed the centinels ou
duty, but his attempt being suspend
by the oflicers of the prison, they planted
others at a distance, who immediately
apprehended him, and carried
him back to the castle.
Fret. to. His majesty's ship Laiscaster
being paid at Spitlread, among
the trades people that carried goods on
board, were a great many Jews, who
had large qaaantities of valuable effects
with them ; the Jews not meeting
with the success they defired, were resulted
to go on shore : it blew very
hard, and they had a failing beat which
they hired for that purpose : about ao
Jews, and a few other people got into
her with their effects, but they had
not gone far when by gibeing the Sail,
they were overset. 1 he ship's heats
immediately pot off, and took up 9 or
to os 'em Nine Jews were d rewind ,
and two died after they were brought
on looard.
Sa t. is. George Forrest was committed
to Bristol gaol for having forged
a bill of exchange for payment of
5o l. to Charles Churchman, Ffq; on
John Calcroft, Esq; in the name oS
John Clifford, and feloniously publishing
the Same, knowing it to he forged.
SuN. 12. There arrived at Portsmouth,
with a messenger helongingro
the Admiralty, in the greatest haste, a
person who was immediately introduced.
by orders from above, to Adnr,
Bofcawen ; os whom the following
particulars have transpired. This get^
Son was fome time since master of an
English vessel, trading from port to
port in N. America, particularly op
the river St. Laurence ; but heing taken
by the enemy, has been prisoner
with Gen. Montcalm near three years,
who would not admit of any exchange
for him, by reafon of bis extenSrye
knowledge of the coasts, more
ticularly the strength and soundings
of Quebec and I ouisbourg ; they
therefore came to a resolution to Send
him to Old France, in the next packet-boat,
these to be confined till the

^of F F F R U A R Y,
^nd of the war. He was accordingly
^harked at (^ueber, and the packet
^ut on board. In the voyage he was
admitted to the cabin, where he took
notice one day of their loading the
packet, to fink it in case of danger.
S^ooli after this, being constrained to
put into Vigo for provision, be observed
an English man of war at anchor
there, and one night taking the
opportunity, of all, but the watch,
^ leing in a found sleep, he seized the
packet ; and having taken out the government's
express, fixt it in his
mouth, and filently let himSelf down
into the bay ; and floating upon his
hack into the wake of the English man
oS war, secured himself by thathaW-
Set, and got safe on board. The" captain
examined him, transcribed the
jacket, for sear of an accident, and
taeti Sent him post over land with the
copy oS it to Lisbon ; from whence he
^as brought to Falmouth in a Sloop of
1 ^at, and immediately set out post for
london. What is remarkable, he was
I hat just Sour days in going from Fal-
I mouth to London, and from London
1 rn Portsmouth. [As this Story was at
1 iirst discredited by many, proper en-
1 cp icy has hecn made, and there is good
s authority to believe it true. J
'lings. 14. Thomas Gagg, was
1 committed to prison, Sor piratically
Stealing on the high Seas two gold
1 matches from on board a Dutch vessel
1 ca'led the 'Fyde, the property of Some
1 ^r one of the Subjects of the states ge-
1 ner^l of the united provinces.
^UN. i9. About three o'clock this
I turning Adm. Bofcawen failed from
^ ^ Helen's in his majesty's Strip Na-
I i^nroSoo guns; with the BoyaI Wilof
^4 . Princess Amelia of 8o ;
I Lancaster of 74 ^ Trent of 36 ; Shan-
1 oS ab ; Gramont of 24 ; and
s she S^tna and Lightening fire ships ;
lrivincible of 74 guns of the
afore fieet, miffing her stays, ran
^te on a flat between the Dane*
^ the Horse of Langdon harbour,
^ she east ^p ^ Helen's and not
withstanding all the assistance that
could bo given her is fince lost.
Tors. 2i. There was as great a
market for fat cartle at Sevenoaks in
Kent as was ever known, notwithstanding
which they fold at a high
price, from 14 to 2o l. a head.—By an
authentic list it appears, that there
passed through Islington turnpike for
Smithfield market, from Jan. i, 1754
to Jan. i, 1755, oxen 28692, sheep
267.565 ; and from Jan. i, 1757, to
Jan. 1, 1758, oxen 30.95Z, sheep
at^o, i8o. By which it appears, that
there is a decrease oS more than
6^,o00 sheep in this last year, and an
increase only oS about 2ooo oxen,
whieh is by,-no means a lust proportion
^ So that on this principle the
increase of the price of meat may he
accounted for.
SAt. 25. The sessions, which began
on Wednesday at the Old Bailey
ended, when one man only was capitally
convicted ; Edw. Humphreys
for breaking open she dwelling hout^
of John Wade at Mile-End. At thia
sessions one page was tried for a highway
robbery, and acquitted.
PLANtAtlON News.
On the 28th of Oct. last, Csptain
White, late commander os the private
sloop of war Tiger, Nat. Flin, Tho.
Cole, Elias Atkins, and Michael M^
Carroll, were tried at the court honse
in the town of St. John in Antigus.
for piratically entering a Spanish show
in Jan last, about 4 leagues from the
island of Mona, and sor stealing and
carrying away from on board the said
fnow divers goods of considerable value
; when, the evidence turned out
so full against them that the judges.
without much hesitation, Sentenced
them to he hanged, and Capt. White's
body to he hung in chains ; and they
all suffered accordingly, except Elias
Atkins, who was reprieved by his excellency
the general.
AMERICAN NEWs.
New- York, Nov 28- Our last advices
from Albany assure us, that a
body

1^2 ^ M A G A 2 1 N 2 nfMAGA21NE^
body of 3oo Indians, and too French
men, had actually fallen on that part
of the German Flats, situated. on the
north fide of the Mowhawk's river,
and burnt and destroyed every houfe
and barn they came to, killed and
fcalped about io or i 2 oS the inhabitants,
and carried away at least too
more, (men, women. and children) besides
cattle, killing Such beasts as they
could not carry with them ; that Some
of t'ne Indians continued at the Flats
near 3 days, laying waste the country;
and that one of the captives made his
eSoape from the enemy, and reports
that the French were busy in landing
cannon, in order as he imagined, to
erect a fortification either on the side
of Lake Oneyda, oi somewhere on
Wood Creek.
Capt. Wallace, in the K. George,
belonging to Btistol took up at sea, off
Bermuda, 6 men, the crew of the
sehooner Nancy, of Beston, one Govian,
master. This vessel in a hard gale
overset, but after they cut away her
main-mast, righted ; but a sea soon
alter beat in her stern, and having a
quantity of bricks abalt, her stern
funk, and her head stuck upright, and
the people got on her bow. After the
storm abated, they got Some mackreI
out of her, and an iron instrument to
strike fish ; and having made a little
awning of part of one of the Sails,
which they fieed to the bowSprit over
their heads, they lived there for 46
days, when Capt, Wallace took them
up. Or.e of the men died soon after
he was taken up. and two others of
them are deprived of their senses.
List of Ships taken front the French.
(C'ontinuedSlom p. by )
^T^HE Ranton priv. of Dunkirk, of
.I. 6 Sour pounders, is taken by
the Wm. ard Anne arm'd ship, Gordon.
and brought into Portsmouth—
A Small priv. fr. Dieppe, is Sent inter
Porrsmouth by the Anton cutter —
Two prizes bound Sor Marseille , are
sent into Messina bv the 1 ecpatC pr
oSBristol.—The Phaeton, fr. Louis.
bourg Sot Cape Francois, of 400 ton:
and ao guns, is taken by the King oS
Prussia priv. of New York— A vessel
of ioo tons, fr. Canada, is taken by
the Charming Nancy. priv. suow, and
the Pere de Famille, fr. St. Domingo,
by the Defiance priv. I.e Cronier, and
ate both car. into Jersey.—The Count
de Argenfon priv. of io guns and ^o
men, is taken by the Wm. and Anne
arm'd ship, Gordon ; and another
French priv. by the Savage sloop, and
are both brought into the Downs.—
A priv. of 14 guns and 120 men. wish
her confort, are taken by the Tyger
priv. of Bristol, Neil Son.— A Small
vessel, fr. St. Vallery for Boulogne, ii
Sent into Dov^r by the Fly priv.—A
large Swede, with provisions for Louitbourg,
is brought into Plymouth hy
the Dunkirk man of war.—A Dutch
suow, Sr. Marseilles Sor St. Vallery, is
brought into Plymouth by the Hunter
cutter—The BOston priv. of ^6 guns,
Sr. Bordeaux, is taken by the Tnrhay
man of war. The Frenchmen oa
board this privateer had deviled a
new stratagem to Save her. They
had concealed eso men in she hold,
who, when the Sew that are uSually
put on board to navigate the prists
into port, were at a distance from
the captors, were to rife and ovet'
power them ; but being too eager to
put their Scheme in execution, they
were discovered and disappointed —
The Furean, Sr. Cape Francois Sor
Bochelle, with Sugar, coffee and mdigo,
is taken by the lsis man oSwar
— A ship with 35o Hhds of ing.t
and 5o casks of indigo, is taken hy
the Wager man of war, who is ^
with her to Carolina— A Dutch ^
with naval stores for Martinico, is cat
into Montferrat —A French Letter^
Marque stoop, Sr. L'drafo for
nico with warlike stores; le
priv oS 8 guns, and the Grand Cla^
of i 2 ditto and So men, are taken ^
the Amazon and Antigua prtv. ^
ear into Antigua.—The de Las^
priv. is alio ear into Antigas by

ftrr F F F R U A R Y,
Sturdy Beggar priv. of New York and
the Antigua priv —The Amsterdam,
(Groves, fr. Cork. with i too barrels
oShees, candles, &c. was taken off
(Guardaloupe by the above Sturdy
Iinggar ping. and is condemn'd —
1^'ine French strips, fr. St. Domingo for
Stance, were taken off St. Nicholas
by Adm. Cotes—A large ship Sr. St.
Domingo, is car. into Gibraltar by
the Antelope priv. of London, Capt.
steddall.—The Gracieuse, fr. St Domingo
Sot Bochelle, is taken by the
Veteran priv. oS London, Talbot, and
Seat into the Downs.—A Smuggling
cutter, with tea, is sent into Dover by
the flv priv. of that port.—A French
priv. oS i6guns and 1 4.5 men, is car
into Gibraltar, by the Monmouth man
oS war —The St. Rock, fr. Mattinico
who in her passage had taken the Antigua
Merchant, Coulter, from London
Sor Antigua, and ranSomed her
Sor 333 guinieas, is carried into Gibraltar
hy the Antelope priv. with the
tanSomer on board— A French priv.
it brought intothe Downs by the Badger
stoop. A ship, from St. Domingo
for RocheIle of 2oo tons, is
Sent into Plymouth by the Falmouth
man oSwar.
List of Ships taken by the French.
T l i ^ John and Elizabeth, Ro-
I harts, fr. London for Plymouth,
is taken —The Success, Marshal, os
Scarborough, fr. Sunderland for Rotterdam,
and the Rose, Walker, fr.
^ocktott for London, are car. into
Dunkirk —The Sevan, Heysham, fr.
^ew York tor London, is car. into
^ ^laloes.—The Faro packet, Clap,
tt Yarmouth for Leghorn, is car. into
(.eura.—The John and Katherine,
elating, ir. Plymouth for London, and
a sloop, were taken in the channel —
She Martha, Atkins, Sr. Honduras for
Amsterdam, is car. into Missisippi.—
the Perfect ^sion, Moulton, from
^hode Island for London, car. into St.
^aings —The St. Francis. fr. Philai^hsa
lor Antigua, is drove ashore.
—The Magdalena, Borland, fr. Falmouth
for Naples, the Whidak, Hammill,
and the Salisbury, Key, both
fr. Liverpool for Africa, are taken by
the Machault priv. of 24 guns and 300
men, Sr. Granville, who had also taken
the Furopa, Taylor, fr. Malaga for
London, and ranfom'd her for 42o I.
^A show fr. Gambia, a fchooner,
Hendriclrson, fr. Liverpool, the StviSt,
Strong, fr. Cork, the — , Hayest
the SuSan, Nicholas, and the MoIley.
Allen, all for Antigua, are taken —-
The Lovely, Sr. Philadelphia for Barbadoes,
is car. into Martinico.—The
Kent, Warren, fr. London for Santa
Cruz, is car. into Vigo.^^The Little
John, —— , fr. Bristol for Jamaica, is
car. into Porto Prince.—The Molly.
Doran, fr. Virginia for Barbadoes; the
Pretty Lucy, Cornick, fr- Piscataqua
for Antigua, and the Firing Fish, Dixon,
fr. N. Carolina Sor Barbadoes, car.
to Guardaloupe.— The Prince Wra.
Hyndman, the Jesse, Cunningham.
and the Douglas, all fr. Glasgow,
for the Leeward Islands, are taken in
the W. Indies.—The Lark, Harrifon,
Sr. London for Newcastle's car. into
Calais—The Lawfon, Chamberlain,
fr, Dublin for Virginia, ranfom'd for
5 5o guineas. —The Wm. and ^Anne,
Teverdale, ranfom'd for 2oo guineas.
A large ship fr. Bristol for the West-
Indies, is taken by the Revenge ptiv.
of Dunkirk.
List of Births for the Year 1758.
JAN. 3id^Ountefs of Crawford,
^ ^ delivered of a fon and
heir.—Fsa. t. Ctfs. of Ashburnbam,
of a fon.—Lady of John Trevelyan,
Esq ; of a daughter.—5. Marchioness
of Graubv, of a Ion — i 3. Lady
os John Pitt, ESq ; member for Dorchester,
of a fon.— t6. Lady of Sir
Walter Blacker, Bart. of a son and
daughter,—i8 Lady of Sir Charlca
Dudley, os a Son.
List of Marriages for the Year 175^.
On. Geo. Mackay, master of
I 1 Reay, to 'diss Mackay os Big.
house,

1 ^4 Tr^f M A G A 2 I N E of M A G A ^ l N E ^
house, Scotland —Wm. Johnston of
Birmingham, Esq ; to MifsNeedham
of Sutton Colin, 5ooo l.—Mr. Powel,
os Angel-street to Miss Young of
Great Marlow, Bucks, 5oool. and
aool. per Ann.—Sir William Foulis
of Bridling, Bart. to miss Robinson of
Buckton.— Mr. Viger of the Strand,
to Miss Clarke, 25ool.— Mr. Hurst
os Thames-street, to Mifs Langley of
Lpping, 6cool.
List of Deaths for the Year 1758.
| leut. Colonel Craufurd of Whit-
^ ^ more's Regiment at Gibraltar.—
James RichardSon, ESq ^ os Jamaica.
—Henry Needham, ESq ; at Jamaica.
—Admiral WatSon in the East Indies.
(Seep 125.)—Onflow Burrish, ESq ;
his majesty's minister to the court oS
Bavaria, and dyet of the empire.—
John Rabin Son, ESq ; and his wife,
in the 8ist year ; they were both born
on the fame day, and died within five
hours of each other—Dr. Tarry at
Kirt's end, aged 8o.—Mrs. Matthews
of Cambridge, aged 104.— Captain
Cockburn, at Barnet, aged 94 ; he
lost a leg at the battle of Blenheim.—
Hon. Cos Graham. at Pickhill, Yorkshire.—
Edw.Wyatt.Elq; solicitor of the
cuftorns for the northern ports.— 3o.
Sir Daniel O'Carrol, Bart, This gentleman's
ancestor, on Surrendering his
principality oS Ely O'Carrol to King
Edward VI. was created Baron os Ely
in 1552, as on the Irish records ; but
^the title has not been aflitmed by the
family since the reign of Mary,
the' never under forfeiture —Feb. 3.
Wise of Admiral Ward, at Greenwich.—4.
Lady of Judge Bathurst of
the Common Pleas,—Princess Anne of
Holstein Gottorp, spouse to Prince
William of Saxe Gotha.— io. Tho.
Garrard, Esq ; of Hatton Garden,
common ferjeant of London.—Tho.
Ripley, Esq ; comptroller of his majesty's
board of works.— Lady of Sir
Wm. Moreton, recorder of London.
Sir Mal Lambert, Lt Gov os Tilbury
fort,
List of Promotions for the Year 17^.
From the London Gazette.
Admiralty king has heea
Feb. 7. I pleafed to order
the following promotions of flag ctlicers
in the navy.
Charles Knowses. Efq; a Admirals of the
Hon.^ohn Forbes, S Blaae.
Cha. Watson, ESq p dead y ^ ice Admiral:
George Pcecoek, ESq ; ^ ^of tbe Red.
Hon. Geo. Townshend, 'a Vice Adn.iraStcrS
Francis Holburne, ESq ; a the White,
Henry Harrison. Efq; o Vice Admirals of
Thomas Cotes. ESq; a the bine.
Ld. btarry PawSett, ftoar Adm oS the Red.
Sir Cha. Hrrdy,Kt. Re- rAdm. asthenics
Whitehall, Feb. 25. The king has
been pleafed to grant unto Beoth Cote
of Artarnon in the county of Sligo, ia
Ireland, Esq ; and his heirs male, the
dignity of a Bart. of this kingdom—
to appoint Geo. Lewis Scort, Esq ; a
commissioner of the Excise, in roota
oS Tho. Farrington, ESq ; dec.— so
appoint Stephen Wright, ESq ; maslet
maSon oS all his majesty's works, is
room of Henry Flitcroft, ESq ; appointed
comptroller of his majesty's
works in England (Ripley, dec )
From other Papers.
| "|On. Capt. Brudenal, appointed
1 | Col. of a company in the ^d
Beg. of guards—Tho Bullock, Esq;
judge advocate of Jamaica. (Berk,
dec.)—Capt. Dennis, commander os
the Dorsetshire, a new 74 gun ship.
(Remainder of the Lasts in our next.s
Bils of Mortality fronaJan.a4.toFeb.il.
- Buried • • - • Buried
Males
weekly Jaa.p^r,^
Females yx^
Feb.
Christened,
a 4- ^
Males t
si. Ht
Females ^
L I S T of BOOKS.
A N account of the origin and eS-
A . Sects of a police ses on soot hy
the D. of Newcastle in t753, upon a
plan prefented to him bv the late Hesry
Fielding, ESq ; is. Millar.—Heads
of a Scheme to erect public magatittes
for com, to relieve the poor
Villars Clara Fitt, 6d KennetSley^
A letter

A letter so the mayor o f — , Yvherein
the discouragements of the Seamen in
the vavy, and the merits of the bill
brought into parliament last sessions
for their relief, are examined. is.
Baldwin— An account of the care
taken in most civilized nations for the
relief of the poor ; more particularly
ia times of fcarcity and distress. By
the Rev. R. Onely. is.Whiston.^
The conduct of Major Gen. Shirley
in America, briefly stated. I s. 6d.
DodSley.—proposal for saving many
thousands a year, in the charge of
maintaining the marine forces, and
for the bette: regulation of them ; with
FF^RUARY,
tables of their pay, &c. 2s. 6d.
sowed. T. Payne—The proceedings
of a general court martial, upon the
trial of Lieut. Gen. Sin J. Mordaunt.
is. id. Dublin, J. ExshaW.—Occasional
reflections on the importance of
the war in America, and the reasonableness
of Supporting the King of
Prussia in defence os the common
cause. is. 6d. Whiston.—A letter
to the Re. Hon. • ^ - containing
hints of a plan for a militia, on a better
footing than any proposed. In
which is shewn how our fleets arid
armies may be occasionally supplied
without pressing. is. Wilkin
^ONTHLY CHRONOLOGER J ^ ^ ^ J^n
^o the P U B L I S H E R.
•dsthe citfornsof Dublin have now the
nust promising expectations, of having
the constitution of the city amended
on a jest and e^eaileahle plon if government
.• And in order, that the
people may have a just scuse of this
favour, you are requested to Set bofore
lhern, the present manner of geovernrnent,
and the uses that have been hitherto
made of it, which are extracted
scorn the pamphset safely distributed,
intitsed, The preSent constitution of
the city of Dublin, addressed to the
citizens oS Dublin. And an aeldeess ,
presented in the year 1752, to his
s'raoe ybe duke of DoRtsEt, by James
Digges Latouche, Ese;
^T^H E city os Dublin, which was
F I a body corporate before the first
I lingltlh invasion, has ever since their
government here been dignified in particular
periods, viz Henry Ill. gave
^betn the honour of a mayor: In the
asstichard HI. the body con-
^Uted of mayor, bailiffs, commons,
the citizens of the city of Dub-
.Edward VI. by chartet, erected
^te city of Dublin into a county, and
^stected their bailiffs to he stiled she-
^ as then in London. Charles II.
^ XV.
for the approved loyalty of the city
of Dublin, granted several immunities
and privileges, with a charge on the
establishment of 5oo 1. a year for ever,
and dignified the chief magistrate with
the title of lord, and ever Since the
corporation has consisted of the lordmayor,
sheriffs, commons and citizens
of the city of Dublin. In the fifth
year of the restoration of this Prince,
was introduced the preSent System of
government, usually called the new
rules.
These rules, which have the authority
of an act of parliament, ordain
that upon all elections of any person
or persons to serve in any of the offices
of lord-mayor, sheriffs, recorder,
or town-clerk of the corporation of
Dublin, the names of the persons fo
elected, shall within ten days after
such election he prefented to th^ lord
lieut. or other chief governor or governors,
and the privy council of this
kindotn for their approbation. And
that no perfon shall be capable of
serving in any of said offices, tils they
are respectively fo approved of.
They recite, that the common council
of said city, at that time consisted
of a lord-mayor and twenty-four aldermen,
who have usually sat together in
one room, apalt bv themselves ; and
A a also

J^C M A G A Z I N E of M A G A 2 1 N F.
also of such who are commonly called city, and of 96 other persons to he
sheriffs peers, ^ not exceeding forty- chosen out oS the Several guilds or
eight perfons, and of ninety-six other corporations of the said city, from
persons, who are elected into the which they have been formerly chofaid
common council, out os several fen, who shall enjoy their places oS
of she guilds or corporations os this common council men only for 3 year:
city, and who have usually sac co- from the time of" their elections ; aad
gether in one room apart by them- that the Said guilds fome time in the
selves, and have bern usually called month os November, at the end oS
the commons oS the said city amongst every 3 years, shall elect (i) douhle
whom the sheriffs for the time being she number os persons usually cheSen
do preside. And reciting thee it would out of each guild into the common
tend to the benefit of the said city, if council of this city, and the master
the commons fo chosen, should be and wardens oS each such guild shall
changed, and new elections of them some time within such month of
made once every three years, by vember present the names of the per^
which change, a greater number of sons fo elected, to the lord-mayor,
the citizens might come into said who is authorised and required in she
places, and be entrusted with the ma- presence oS the sheriffs and eight oS
nagement of" the affairs of said city. the aldermen, before the 24th day oS
They did therefore order that the December then next enSuing, to elect
common council of the Said city shall out of the persons whoSe names shall
Sor ever after consist of the lord-mayor, be fo presented, the number oS perand
24 aldermen, who, or any eight Sons uSually Serving in the common
or more oS the Said aldermen, with council Sor each Such guild reSpecttrethe
lord mayor, shall continue to ly, which Said perfons fo prefensed and
fit apart by themfelves ; and alio elected, shall he for three years and no
of the sheriffs os the said city for longer, of the number of the common
the time being, who are to preside a- ^ council of said city.
mong the rest of the common council And the perfons fo presented and
of the said city, as hath been former- elected out of the aforesaid guilds,
ly accustomed, and also of such who together with the said sheriffs peer^,
are commonly called Sheriffs peers, not or the greater number of them, that
exceeding 4^ perSons within the said shall be from time to time assembled,
• The sheriffs-peers are Such as have Served in the oflrce of sheriff, who are genera^
from ro to ao living at a time.
(r) OS the validity of this return. the aldermen are the lose judges, and if the fi^nature
of any one of the masters or wardens of the: returning corporation should be wanting, it
abSenee or SrckaeSs, accident or neglect, should prevent any of them from Singing it ; therSdermea
do then elect from the whoSe corporation, without any regard to the return rnaete
to them, or without any regard to the opinions, which the corporation may have oS thecapacity
or integrity of the perSoas, whom the aldermen are pfeased to esect, as representatives
Srom that body. in the esectroa of the common-council, rn ry^a they Set aSrde the return ot^t
merchant^, becaase the retura was only Signed by one master and two wardens, and the oilier
master heing an asderman, and having out as modesty decsined to put his name tea that return,
ora whose validity he was to Sit asajudge. They Set afrde tho return of ^ weavers, Stored
by the master and warden, becaase the iingaiure of the other wardca, who lay at thef^
of death, miles Srom Dahlia, was wanting to it. They Set aSrde the retura of 4 tali^'
chandlers, aad ^ Sadsers, Sor a sonilar reat'oa. They Set aSade the return of 4 hoSrers, ese
the wardens heing then ia England. They Set a Sing the return oS ft beewers, hecatrlcit-master
hod refuted to Sing a return, ia w kich he svas not named. They elected 4 Shoe errant-,
because the master would not make the return agreed on by the corporation, sor wbrcb
vice be was rewarded hy a place ia the common -council, as a representative sor thar ces^
rstioa ; w hich at the Same time depr ived him oS hia office of matter, fear So notorious a brca^
oS trust. They elected from out oS the whole corporation, ^ butchers, becauSe the
os it could not agece in making a return. ^o that of the ^ poriOas, who thea corapoSeo
oommon-counciS, the representatives oS the a^ Subordinate corporations, there are no
than 44 vsb.o have been elected or returned by the corporation. they are Supposed so t
pi aseiit.
So

fof F F F R U A R Y,
So as there be always 40 or more of
them preSent, be and they only are au-
thorised to sit, vote, and act in the ge-
neral quarter assembly and other assem-
blies, as the commons of the faid city.
There is a provision in caSe of the
death or removal of any of the com-
mons So elected, and oS the neglect or
rrsulal of Said guilds Sailing to make
Such return, and a penalty oS disfran-
chisement upon any person, who shall
preSume to sit and vote as one oS the
commons beSoore such election.
And the ansient power of the lord
mayor, aldermen, and common coun-
cil, of altering and changing the num-
ber oS commons uSually serving for
any corporation, and of distributing
the fame amongst any other corpora-
sons (2), that then were, or here-
after shall be in this city, fo as the
whole number do not exceed ^6
persons, was thereby confirmed.
It is alto ordained, chac the election
A a 2
the
(a) This power is not svithoUt its inconveniencies to the other corporations, as a partiality is
evident in Savour oS the Guild wboSe number are ^r. With this body the aldermen are moSt
intimate, and therefore leSs liable to err in their choice ; and they have always been felt as a
cSead weight against the other part of the commons, when any thing has been attempted
contrary to the pleasure of the board.
1 ^ 7
of the lord mayor ^3), sheriffs and
treasurer (4) of the said city of Dub-
lin, shall be by tbe lord mayor and al-
dermen (5) only.
No method was prescribed by thefe
rules Sor the election of aldermen, that
remains at this day, as it was before
the making of the new rules ; nor is
there any mention in thefe rules, out
of what body of men the lord mayor
shall he chosen, therefore the ancient
usage is still preserved of electing the
lord mayor out of the aldermen only.
As we have seen how the city is
constituted in its principal branches,
let us now take a Survey of the man-
ner in which this constitution is ad^
ministred.
The hoard of aldermen with the
lord mayor at their head, without the
concurrence of the commons, elect the
lord mayor, aldermen, sheriffs, and
treasurer ot the city of Dublin, and
all other city officers are elected by
s^) Yhe election of lord-mayor is indiSputably an the aldermen alone, and this election has,
time out of mind, been made with regard to Seniority, unfeSs there was Some apparent incapacity
or demerit in the porSon, whole turn it became to he alected in that office . But we have
lately Seen an Alderman ^ twice Set afide Srom tbe chair, Sor no reaSon that the aldermen
wonld aflige, but their meer will ; for no reafons that can be ^ueSfed at, but beetaufe that alderman
had l'ome share in the affections of the citizens, (See p. a a a. Feb. ay.^ and had
Probably Shewn too much honesty and spirit to have ^iven any expectations that he would concrrr
with she board in the measures, then probably resolved on, to Set aSsde the returns, which
^esethen Shortly to be made by the several fubordinate corporations, of representatives in
the coenmon-counciL " -f lames Dunn, El'q ;
Sri) The etshceof treafurer of which they have the election in themselves, Is annual, and
littery lately, merely nominal. It is uled to be ingen to the lord-mavor of tho preceding
tear, and half of the porqurSrtes of the office was looked upon as an addition to tho appoint.
ments of the office of mayor ; the other half of tho poundage was given to a receiver-gene-
's who was elected for life by the whole common-council t but the aldermen have, Since
tr.e death of the late receiver-general, entirely fuppreffed that office, and do now annually elect
^treasurer, who aloes the bufinefs of a receiver -general ; and what little cohtroeS, the eomcrrrs
had on that office, is now entirely abolished. As to the management ofthe revenues,
tthall only obServe, that the city has already contracted a debt of about ao,ooo l. and part
• this has been expended in defending the law-Suits commenced against Some of their offt-
^ y the citizens. ^
••lYhe first charter to this city was geanted to the citizens of BristoS, who were enceauragtolettle
here by the gearat of a Sree and popular government, in which every freeman had
^ ^rca i est which a perfect equality was preferved a in which there was no rath preeminence
power, but what was owing to the appointment of tho citizens, who were the electors as
' tr.err magistrates, and whe^ without any common council, made bge laws, and transacted
ery other basmeS. of government All SubSeqeaent charters have SuppoSed tho citizens to
.Rested with ^reat powers, in tho gevernment of the city. When power was granted to
^e aldermen, of electing justices of the peace, it was, as is rehearsed in that charter,
i^n an iasoamation, that thrse aldermen were elected by the whole body.

1 ^ M A GAMINE of M AG A 2 1 N E S
the common council in general ; and great an influence on the determiall
business of what nature or kind nation of thecommons; byt to guard
Soever, relative to the corporation, is against this inconvenience in any caSe
transacted by the common council at that may create a jealousy, upon the
their general assemblies, held four motion of any one of the commons,
times a year ; when any occasional Seconded by another, the queSlibusiness
requires their attendance at on is determined by ballot, fo conother
times they are particularly sum- trived, that it is impossible to know on
moned by the lord mayor, and thofe which fide any man has given his
extraordinary meetings, are called post Sufferagc.
assemblies.
The uSual method oS applying to The state of the W E A T H E R .
the corporation Sor the admission oS (Continued seom page 92.s
freemen, the appointment of an officer,
or for any other purpose, is by the pe- r^R^HE first week oS this month was
tition, which, by the rules oS the city, .I fair ; from thence to the a ^rh,
to prevent aSurprize, is to be lodged the weather was showery, and Sor Some
in the TholSel office the day preced- days there were violent Storms and
ing the general assembly, before 12 much rain. The nights of the ryrlt
olelock at noon ; or IS Such applica- and i 8th were Srosty, but on the s^th,
tion is intended to be made at a post there Sell a considerable quantity oS
assembly, the cauSe oS their meeting Snow. The weather was variable duris
to be inSerted in the Summons, and ing the remaining part oS this month,
notice thereoS must be published in more or leSs rain Sailing every day.
the Ga2ette. Every petition is first The barometer was highest on the lit
handed into the lord mayor and board day, at 30 inches ,^ths, and lowest
of aldermen, if they approve of it, they on the t 2th and 16th, viz as 28 inwrite
on the Soot thereof, the word chat ^tha, but at a medium the mergranted.
It is then sent by an alder- cury stood at 29 inches. Farhenheit':
man to the sheriffs and commons sit- thermometer was highest on the 9th
ting in their own house, for their con- day, viz. at 52 deg. and low est on the
currence; if they agree to it, one of i9th. Differences of heat and cold
the sheriffs- underwrites the word al- this month io degrees ; and at a tnedilow'ed,
and return it by two of their um it stood at 44 degrees. The wind
members, to the lord mayor and from the beginning to the ltyth, wit
beard of aldermen: this done, the mostly W.N.W. on which day it
petition becomcs an act of affem- blew easterly, but during the remstnblv,
binding on the whole corpora- der of the month it blew between the
tion. But if the sheriffs and com- W. S. W. and W. N. W. points. A
mons reject what the lord mayor and considerable number of shipwrecks hapaldermen
had granted, 'it then be- pened on our coasts, occasioned hy th^
comes a meer nullity, like a bill passed stormy weather of this month.
by the lords, and thrown out by the Mot,'. Jar;. 30. Were shipped m
house of commons, in the legislative Poolbeg, on board Che Brayton. ol
constitution (6). Whitehaven, Capt Harrison, 8icon
It has often been altedged, that the victs for his majeSty's plantations.
aldermen being generally men of for- SAt. Feh. 4. Was paid to the treatune
and reputation, may have too surer of Mercer's hospital, 20 1 the
benefaction
(e^) In this instance only, of patting a negative upon what is propofed by the u^per brute.
for from this body, not any thing can proceed, though o f eser fo great utility, and pubtie
gesod , and to this muss he imputed, that disagreeable part oS the present manner of CibtSrri '
rng bufrneSs ; the frequent adjournments the commons are obliged to Submit t^, when aot SaStr
eiently complaisant, so that by this po-ver, public business is protracted, and nicrt the^nrt^
stite a compliance, contrary to their judgment.

enefaction of his Grace the Lord
lieutenant. The bill for extending the
Civil-bill act (See p. 574, 1757.) to
the city of Dublin, pasted the Hon.
House of Commons.
Men. 6. BeSolutions of the HouSe
oS Lords upon a report from the comiiiitree
of privileges, &c.
fa LSolved by the lords Spiritual and
P^ temporal in parliament assembled,
that all persons affumingto themselves
titles of honour, not warranted
by law, nor allowed by the known
coUtreSv of this land, are guilty of
a high breach of the privileges of this
house.
steSolved by the lords spiritual and
temporal in parliament assembled,
Lhat all perlons signing such titles of
honour in lieu of, or as an addition to
theit names, are guilty of a high breach
os the privileges of this houle.
steSolved by the lords Spiritual and
temporal in parliament assembled, That
all perSons bearing ensigns of honour
not warranted bylaw, nor allowed by
the known courtely of this land upon
their carriages, plateor furniture, with
or without their coats of arms, arc
t^iltv of a high breach of the privileges
of this houSe.
F F F R U A R Y, 17^.
lleSolved by the lords spiritual and
temporal in parliament assembled, That
all printers and publishers attributing
titles of honour to any persons to
^hom they do not properly belong,
1) inserting Such titles in their publick
ne^s- papers or advertisements, either
in lieu oS, or as an addition to the
names oS such persons, are guilty of
a notorious breach ol the privileges of
this house.
Resolved by she lords Spiritual and
temporal in parliament assembled,That
this house will proceed without delay,
^niSh all perSons who shall from
henceforth offend in any of the before
Mentioned points.
it is ordered by the lords spiritual
^ temporal in parliament assembled,
i^t the king at arms do from time to
^ make inquiry after all persons who
shall from henceforth offend in any of
thefe points, and do make regular returns
of the names of all such delinquents
to the clerk of the parliaments.
It is ordered by the lords Spiritual
and temporal, in parliament assembled,
That the king at arms, attended by
his proper officers, do proceed to blot
out and deSace all ensigns oS honour
bom by Such persons upon their carriages,
plate and Surniture, and do
make regular returns of his proceedings
therein to the clerk of the parliaments.
Tt'ES. 7. At the commencement
held at the university of Dublin, were
conferred the follow ing degrees, viz.
Dector of Laws, on the right hon.
Richard Rigby and William Lill. Bachelor
of Laws, on Henry JerviSs,
Oshorn Sheil, and George Smith. Bachelor
of Arts, on the Earl of Kerry,
hon. John Beresford, Richard Tcnison,
Maurice Mahon, John Hyde,
Thomas St. George, George Galbraith,
William Lee, Edward Hudfon,
Simon Francis, Henry Crofton.
John Newman, Richard Lucas, Richard
Godly, George Cartland, Swift-
John Dryden, (a young gentleman deprived
of sight) William Rogers, Edward
Parsons, John Townsend, Car-
rol Collet, Edward Finley, Joseph
Cooke, Alexander Nowland, George
Heley, Patrick Hore, Hall Hartson,
John Ashe, Henry Carthy, Simon
Vokes, Robert Goldsherry, John
Father, and Charles Edkins.
FRt. to. Was erected in the Library
of Trinity College, a marble
Bust oS the late rev. Claudius Gilbert,
D D. and vice-provost of that university
; a gentleman, who by his correspondence
with the learned, was aSsisted
in making collections of every
valuable thing in literature t hislibrary,
which he left that body, consisted of
upwards of i3,ooo volumes composed
of editions the most esteemed ; his
Bust is the execution of Mr. Verpoil.
and placed at the head of the collection,
vvhich is not the only mark of his
affection sot this society.
Sat

1 M A G A 2 1 N E ofMAGA2lNE^
SAT. l 1. Arrived at Limerick an
advice boat from the East Indies.
Mon. 13. Arrived at Cork, the
Bristol priv. of Bristol, Capt. Feattus
commander who Some days before engaged
a French frigate of 3o guns for
5 hours.
TuES. 14. The wiseofMr. Flanigan
near Killcullen bridge, was murdered
by one Waters her servant, a
hoy about 14 years of age, in refentment
for being reproved for staying
long on a meSfage: he fractured her
Scull with a fpade, and with bis bankerchief
strangled her, then robbed
the bouse, which afterwards he fired ;
but, being immediately apprehended,
confessed the fact
Wto. 15. Arrived at Dublin. 21
vessels from Dungarvan witb wheat,
bailey, and 5,300 barrels of potatoes.
The Annandale transport, which Sailed
Srom Cork last December, with
troops So1 America, parted her convoy
in a hard gale the 4ch oS January,
and on the i 5th got into Lisbon in a
leaky condition.
Fai- 17- Was observed she general
fast and humiliation, to implore the
Almighty's blessing on his majesty's
arms. The right reed- the bishop of
KiJmore preached hefore the house of
Lords, as did the reed, Edward Bayley
before the commons.
SAT. 18. Upwardsof one hundred
loaves, deficient in weight, were seized
in Ringfend and lriSh-town by Mr.
^ther Sweny. Tbe puhlic are much ohliged
by this gentleman's activity in
their service, particularly at this time,
as that useful body called the marketjury
have been laid aside, not having
the Sanction of a law, to enforce, the
execution of their office, which directed
them to the inspection oS she markets
and aARERS. They uSually dispersed
in Small parties, and almost at
once appeared through the whole city,
and were a great check to the dishonest,
who were Srequently Surprised
by them, as they cculd not he distinguished
from common passengers, by
the Scouts usually placed to give notice',
when the magistrate was expected.
The extent of the city of Dublin and
its liberties, point out the necessity of
an alteration in the present System of
its government. (^uere, Whether it
would not be oS singular Service, if
Such a body as the market-jury were
properly protected by a law, as the
want of their Services must, in a littie
c i m e , be too Sensibly selt,
Mo.v. 2o. Arrived at Dublin with
coals, the Cumberland oS Snane's-caStle
burthen 4o tuns Srom the collieties
of the co. of Tyrone ; being the first
vessel. which came through that canal.
Tnua. 23. Arrived at Cotk his
majesty's ship Sheernefs, as convoy for
Gibraltar.
SaT. 25. Arrived at Belfast the
suow Blakeney of Dublin, from Philadelphia,
with flax-seed and stares,
Win. Smith late commander : she was
take the 29sh of Nov. bv a priv. of io
guns, who put ten of their people on
board, to take her to France, leasing
the mate, carpenter, and three heysi
on the 1 1 th of Dec. they took the
opportunity to recover the ship, when
six of the French were aloft ; first losing
the two centinels in the cabin,
where they armed themselves, shea it*
cured the twoupon deck, obliging those
aloft, to come down one by one. wheta
they ordered into the hatchway i Seven
os the French died on the voyage^'
ving met with very tempestuous Wea
ther ; so as trr reduce the vestei altts^
to a wreck. .
MoN. 27. Came on the election C
a citizen to represent the city oS DuClin
in patllament, in the roornot -'
Samuel Cooke, Bart. when J ^
Grattan, ESq; recorder, and Jt^
Dunn, Esq; presented themselves i,
candidates ; the latter, in order ^
render himSelf agreeable to many ^
the citizens, resigned his Seas at ^
board of aldermen
Extract of a private Letter forn Lend^
d ^ N the morion made for an
^Idiate Supply, (on which
was ^ranted) for the Hanoverian^'

f^r F F F R U
until a more extensive plan oS operation
could he Settled ; but upon the
principle, to he immediately under the
direction oS the British court, and paid •
as on the German establishment, being
the least expensive; alderman BeckSord,
remarkable always for Speaking out,
declared it as his opinion, that iS the
Hanoverian Sorces were, with the either
allies, to be entirely under the direction
of British councils, the large
Sum that was granted, in order to
render that army effectual, the more
likely it would be to anfWer the real
end for which the money was given ;
that is, to try the issue of the war with
Erance, than which, in his judgment,
there never was a more favourable opportunity
than the prefent, when the
flower of their troope were already buried
in Germany, and no means of recruiting
them left, berng by the battle
oS Boshach deprived of many of their
helt officers, and those that remained
being in such a situation, as to be in a
aery fair way, by a proper exertion of
she troops already in motion, aided by
that great and magnanimous prince the
king of Prussia, to be made sacrifies
to their own unparalleled oppressions.
Hut iS the regency of Hanover were
to have the disposal of the money, and
the disposition oS the army, he would
not give a shilling towards its subsistence;—that,
he said, he Spoke as an
Englishman. He added, that he was
always Sor giving money to keep the
lrench in Germany ; he knew it to
he the grave oS their troope, and instanced
the many armies that had bern
mined there without a battle.
JUGH SHERIFFS for the Year 1758.
bounty of Antrim, Charles O'Hara,
os O'Hara Brook, Esq;
Armagh, Nicholas Johnson, of
BaIlymetah, ESq;
Carlow, John Rochfort, the
younger, ofCloghrennagh,Esq;*
Cavan, Alexander Saunderson, of
Castle Saunderfon, ESq;
R Y,
Clare, Edward O'Brien, os lnnistymon,
Esq;
Corke, Richard Longficld, of Castle-Mary,
Esq;
Donnegall, William Maxwell, of
Kirkmenster, Esq;
Down, John keklin, of Ardquin.
Efq,
Dublin, Thomas Cobb, of Newbridge,
Esq;
Fermanagh, William Irwin, of
Castle-lrwin, Esq;
Galway, Henry CroaSdale, of
Woodfort, Esq;
Kerry, Rowland Bateman, of
Killean, Esq;
Kildare, JosiahHott, of Hortland,
ESq;
Kilkenny, Richard Roth, oS Butler's
Grove, Esq;
King's Co. John Eyre, Esq;
Leitrira, Acheson Irwin, of Drumfilla,
Esq;
Limerick, Richard Bourke, of
Drumsally, Esq;
Longford, William Sandys, of
Crevaghmore, Esq;
Lowth, Anthony Fotstes. of Dunleer,
Esq;
Mayo, Jaraes Knox, of Moyne,
Esq;
Meath, John Fleming, of Strabolrauch,
Esq;
Monaghan, Bichard Ellis, Esq;
keen's Co. John Barahrick, of Maiden-head,
Esq;
Rofcommon, Tobias Dodd, of
Hollymount, Esq;
Sligoe, Owen Wynne, of Haalewood,
Esq;
Tipperary, John Jepbson, of
Carrick, Esq,
Tyrone, John M'Casixnd, of
Sttabane, Esq;
Waterford, Michael Green, of
Killeraack, Esq;
Westraeath, John Nugent, of
Clonlost, Esq;
Wexford, John Hatton, of Newbay,
Esq;
Wicklow, Morley Pendred Saunders,
ESq;
Manalaoaa

lt)2 M A G A 2 I N E of MA G A ^ I N E ^
M A R R I A G E S .
Feb. 4. r^Ark Tew of Raddinge
v P stown, co. Meath, Esq;
to Miss Leland. James Collins, of
Rathcoole, Esq; to Diana, daugh. to
Abraham Coakley near Kantutk,
Esq; Bryan Crump. to Dorothy,
daugh. of Rev. Archdeacon Lewis.
7. Robert French of Roffa co. Galway,
Esq; to Miss Elizaheth Nagle.
14. Henry Mayor of Camlin, Esq; to
Miss Sally Scanlan. John Falmer, Esq;
fori to Col. Palmer of Ballybeggan, m
MissUssherof Castle-Jordan.
D E A T H S .
Feb. 5. ^ ^ wise Of Admiral
P Parker. 6. John Power
of Clashraore co. Wexford, Esq;
Revd.—Curtis Archdeacon of the
diocese of Ferns. In this gentleman
the Charter School near Rofsco. Wexford,
has lost a most indulgent Parent;
such was his care of the children there.
1o. Sir Samuel Cooke, Bart. alderman
and one of the representatives in perliament
for the city of Dublin. 12.
CapL John Arabineof Col- Campbell's
reg. of dragoons. Bichard Johnston
or Gilford co. os Down. Esq; In an
advanced age, Mr. Nicholas Hadfor,
one os the first Institutors of the Charitable
Infirmary on the Inn' s-^uay.
Cape George Brereton. 13. Charles
M'Dermoc of Shrule co. Sligoe, Esq;
aged 9^. 16. Suddenly William Richardson
of Rich biH, Esq; Kt, of the
Shire for lheco of Armagh. 17. Wise
os Alxander Hamilton, Esq; M. P.
sor the horough of Killyleagh.^-Aged
^5, Ieieut. Charles St. Ferrol : he served
under K. William, and lost an arm
in the memorable battle of tbe Boyne.
Frederick Trench, ESq; counsellor at
law, as did his wiSe the 25th 20. Belict
of Cok Olivet, and mother to Philip
Oliver, ESq; M.P. Sor the horough of
Kilmallock. 25- Col- CaufeiId of
Clane, co. Kilkenny. At Clough near
Ballymena, aged 1cr6, Nathaniel Wiley
; in i 689 he was petty constable of
Ballymena, when king James's army
marched to the siege of Derty : it was
remarkable of bim, that he sorted two
kings in one day, and as he said, king
William for love in the morning, and
sor sear, K.James in the afternoon.
26- The Rt. rev. Robert Clayton, D.
D. hiihop of Cloghet, and fellow of
the royal and antiquarian societies
P R O M O T I O N S
Feb. Ev. Phil. Walsh, presented
to the rectory ofRillcoo-
Iy, in the dioc. of CasheI (John Welsh
dec.) so. Grant to Benjamin Sullivan
of Corke, Esq; and his two sons Benjamin
and John, of the offices ofcIetk
of the crown and peace of the counties
of Cork and Waterford. ao. Alexander
M'AuIay, Esq: app- one of his majesty's
counsel learned in the law 24.
James Taylor, ESq; elected an aldet^
man of the city of Dublin (Sir Sa^
mueI Cooke, Bart. dee.) The Bead,
Mr. Orr, rector of Maryborough,
presented to the archdeaconry oS Ferns
(Curtis dec.) Rev. Mr. Jenkins of
Old Leighlin, rector of Maryborough
[Orr promoted,)
Promotion in the Army.
Feb. 3. Edward Smith, capt. Fdward
Crymble, capt. Iieut. — William
King, John Orant, Dan. Davits.
lieuts. 2o. Char. Broughton, James
Wemys, William Carrul, Nich. Tottenham,
ensigns. Anstruther's. 24. Ar,
thur Preston, maj. — Thomas Pope,
capt —Patrick Webb, Iieut.—Charles
Iaenox Smith, corn. Gen. Bligh's—
William Cunningham, capt.—Henty
Gore, capt. Iieut.—Anthony Chile.
Thomas Webber, lieuts.—John brapies,
Michael Head, corners, Coaway'a^—-Thomas
Widenham, thaP-
—James Dndingston, Surg. Whitefordeis.—John
Forde, capt— stebert
Howard, Iieut.—Philip Savage, cottt-
Campbell's—Geo Gill, cnfi.Yorkes-
—Alex. Dickson, Iieut. — Stackpole
Bailaie, ense Handaiyd's. — Willi am
Goodwin, Iieut. — Robett Harris's.
er.si Bosea wen's.