Magazine of Magazines

T H E
Magazine of Magazines
J O H N T I L L O T S O N ,
IeFbtlF^ ^ ^rrt/fd^ l^d ^d^. THOMAS BlRCH,
^ ^ ^ H l S work is not merely a He Yvas Sent to Cambridge' in 1647,
^ collection of Such facts is where he received his academic educa-
T ^ the world has been already tion among puritans, and the first author
^ ^ ^ ^ acquainted with. but is who fixed his principles upon another
^sae compiled from original pa- plan Was ChilIingworth. It is affirmed
pets and letters, especially those which in a pamphlet written by Dr. Geo. Hicks,
are preserved in the palace at Lambeth, that Mr. Tillotson had So signalized himand
to which the author was admitted Self among the Round-heads, that he was
by his grace the present archbishop, to not admitted with others to kiss the
whom the book is dedicated. Among hand of King Charles, I. when he was
These papers there were Several written brought to Hampton Court.- that the
in a private character, which were de- corner of the college in which he lived
cyphered by the late ingestions Mr. with his pupils, was called the Round-
Philip Gibbs, author as an Essay tohead's corner, and that he added to the
wards an Improvement of short-Hand. college grace, thanks for the victory ob-
We can only trace the principal events
rat a life So important and so worthy
of imitation, and recommend the work
itself to all who read either For enter.
tainment or instruction.
tained against the king's forces at Wor-
cester , but his character is cleared from
these imputations by Sufficient evidence.
In 1656 or 57, he left his college
Archbishop Tillotson was
and went into the family of Edmund Pri-
the Son of deauX, ESq ; attorney general to Oliver
Robert Tillotson, a considerable clothier Cromwell, as tutor to his Son, but how
Sowerby near Hallifax, Yorkshire, who long he continued there dees not ap-
was a rigid Calvinist, and became an pear.
Anabaptist very early an life. This cir- He was in London at the lime of
cumstance has given rise to a report Cromwell's that death, but did not appear
she-Archbishop^ never baptized at all,
bat the
contrary appears by she parish
as a preacher till after the restoration
in about which time he took or-
roister of baptism, dated Oct 3,
ders from the old Scottish Bishop of Gal-
^t ? few days after his birth. loway ^ His first sermon that appear-
IV.
P p p ed

4 ^ ^ Mts.GA^I^^ ^ f M A G A ^ I ^ S ,
ed in print, was published with many
others, under the title as Morning Exercises
af Cripple-gate, in 1661, which is
not to be fountain any collection of his
works, except the last, published in
1752. He continued among the prefhyterians
till Bartholomew day 1662,
and then submitted to the act of uniformily.
His first office in the church after the
restoration, was that as a curate at
Cheshunt in Hertfordshire, to Dr. Tho.
Hacket. In 1662, be was elected minister
of St. Mary, Aldermanbury, in the
room of Dr. Edmund Calamy, who was
elected by the act of uniformity ; but
this living he declined In June
be was presented to the rectory of Ketton
in Suffolk, worth 2ool per Arm. vacated
by the. ejection of Mr. Samuel Faircloth,
^,nd was the same year elected preacher
to the society of Lincoln's inn, upon the
ry, which he kept till be was advanced
to the deanery there in 1672.
On the l8th of Dec. i675, he was
preferred to the prebend of Ealdand in
St. Paul's, which he resigned for that
of Oxgate and a residensiaryship in the
fame church in Feb. 1677-8.
Tho' he had been now several years
chaplain to Charles II. yet he was by
no means a favourite , for his teal against
popery was not abated by arty
Savours that he possessed, or that he expectrd,
and of this his real the king
complained to Dr. Henchman, Bishop of
London, as tending to alienate the peopie
from his person and government.
The Dean, to strengthen the barrier
against popery joined in Several Schemes
to unite all the denominations of Protestants,
but was overborne by popular
clamour, narrow principles, and private
views.
recommendation of Mr. Atkyns, one Upon of the discovery of the popish
the benchers, who accidently heard plot, and the murder of Sir Edmund
him preach. As one of the conditions Bury Godfrey, the Dean was appointed
upon which this benefice was held, was to preach before the House of Cam-
constant residence in the society, except motis, and soon after he improved :he
leave of absence was obtained of the considerations upon the nature and ten-
masters of the bench in council, he redency of popery, which he had brought
signed his living in Suffolk, with which together, to the conversion of Charles
he was dissatisfied. because the people Lai 1 of Shrewbury to the Protestant re-
complained that Jesus Christ had neat ligion, whom the plot had first induced
been preached among them since Mr. to Suspect that in which he had been
Tillotson had been Settled in the parish. educated. To this nobleman he af-
In this station he Soon became popular, terwards wrote a most excellent letter
and was chosen by the upon trustees a very of particular lady occasion, which
Cambden to be Tuesday's lecturer at St, ought to be well considered by all who
Lawrence Jury.
think it more eligible to keep a mistress
On the'25d of Feb. 1^63-4, he was
than to marry a wife.
married by Dr. Wilkin's to Eliz. French, He was greatly afflicted by the death
the daughter of his wise Robina, who of the wicked and witty Id. Rochester,
was sister to the protector, by her for- in 168o> and it appears that he reviled
mer husband Peter French.
Dr. Burnet's> book which was written
In i 668, Dr. Wilkins was advanced to by the Earl's own direction on his drain
the bishoprick of Chester, and Mr. Tillotson, bed ; for bis it son concludes in law, with was a appointed Sentence to
preach the consecration sermon. By that is sound in a letter of the Dean's
.this Sermon be gained much reputation, to Mr. Nelson, upon the Earl's death.
even at court, and upon the promotion which it is not probable that ^srett
of Dr Peter Gunning to the bishoprick bad Seen.
of Chichester, in February i 669-70, he The dean was very active to
was collated to the prebend of the Se- mote the bill to exclude she D ast^
ccnd stall 01 the cathedral of Canterbu- from the crown, and used all his^
ta.rest with the Lord Halifax to divert

him from his vehement opposition to it, being Settled at St. James's. During
hut without effect; and when he was the debate in parliament concerning the
Shewn the address of the clergy of Lon- settlement of the crown on K. Win. for
doer to the king, upon his declaring to life, he was consulted by trie Princess
the Commons that he could not consent Anne of Denmark, who at first refuted
to Such a bill, he refused to Sign it. her consent to Such Settlement, as prc-
The Dean shared much of the distress judicial to her own right, but was Sooi^
that was produced by the discovery of prevailed upon by the Dean, to prethc
Rye-house plot, but the principal vent any disturbance from her pretendobject
of his Solicitude aid anxiety was ed Friends, the Jacobites, who had So
lim. Lord Russell, who was tried and earnestly pressed her to form an oppocondemned
for high treason. The sition.
ldean appear 'd as a witness in his lord^ The Dean was now in high Savour
Ship's behalf, declaring that he always with the king and queen, and several
judged him to be a person of virtue and bishoprick becoming vacant, the king
integrity, and did not believe him guil- intended one for him ; but this was Sis
ty of the wicked design with which he Sar from being agreeable to him, that
v.as charged. Upon this unhappy gen- there is Sound in his common place
tlcman, the Dean and Da. Burnet at- book the heads of a letter, supposed te^
tended till his death, and the day he- be intended for the D. of Portland, its
fare his execution the Dean delivered which there is this expression, < l ear^
him a letter, in which he renewed an ' neitly beg of your lordship to defend
ineffectual attempt to persuade him to ' me from a bishopries:.*
declare that he believed resistance to be In 1689, he was appointed, by the
unlawful. This letter and Some cor- chaprer of his cathedral, to exercise
responding expressions, ufed by the dean the archi-epiScopal jurisdiction, upon
in his last prayer, with his lordship on the suspension of Dr. Sancrose for refusing
the fcaSfold, were considered by the the new oaths, and upon the promotion
court as Such a Sanction to their favou- of Dr. Sts^srsttct to the bishopriok of
rite doctrines and measures, that Mr. Worcester, he Solicited and obtained the
Roger L'Istrange was furnished with co- deanery oS St. Paul s, in the mom of
pies oS them to inSert in his considcra- that of Canterbury, by which, tho' hin
tions on a printed sheet, called the income was lessened, as he resigned al-
Speech oS tl^ late lord Rested to the So his residentiary ship, yet he was deli-
Sheriffs : But it appears that this letter vered from the burthen ofholding two
was never intended by the Dean for dignities together.
publication, and that he had hopes of Upon the privation of the suspended
preserving his lordship's life, if it had Archbishop Seincrofi, the king deterproduced
the effect for which it was mined that Til/otSon should succeed him,
written, a circumstance with which his and, when he kissed his hand for the
lordship was not unacquainted: He deanery of St. Pauls communicated hia
therefore may be considered as dying a design. Upon this occasion the Dean
martyr to his integrity. The Dean's wrote a letter to Lady Reste/, which
friendship with the Lady Reste/, his contains an unanswerable confutation of
widow, was cultivated by a lrequent an injurious charge on Bp. Burnet, that
correspondence, by letters, Several as he had a view to the archbrshoprick
which are inserted in this work. bimfelf, and that his disappointment
The Dean is supposed to have been was tbe caufe of his implacable refentemployed
in drawing up the letter left ment against a prince from whom he
by the pr. of Deumers when he left bad received fo many other favours,
K James at Andever, soon after the the Lady Rn^e/ joined with the kin^
landing of thc Fr, of Orange, and was in urging the archi-epifcopal dignity up-
^bafen to prcacb before him upon bis on the dean, which at length he accepted^

cepted 1 and on Sundry, May 31, 1 69l, no opposition among ourselves. The
having Spent the preceding day in fast- greatest danger was to he apprehended
^g pray err, he was conSecrated at Srom the points in difference between
Maryle Bow. Four days aster his the Caiviziste and Remonsinanfs, in which
consecration he was Sworn of the Privy you have shewn not only great skill and
Council, and on the 1 1th of July had moderation, but great prudence in cona
restitution oSall the temporalities of tenting yourself to repreSent both sides
^e bee. The queen also granted him impartially, without any positive declaall
the profits ofit from the Michaeimas ration of your own judgment. The
preeeding, winch amounted to more account given of Aihanastus's cteed
than He continued to live at feems to me no-wife satisfactory. I wish
the deanery oS St. Paul's till i 69s. and we were well rid ofit^. I pray God
in the mean time built a large apart- long to preferve ynur lordship to do
ment at Lambeth house for his wise, al- more such Services to the church.
tered the windows and lights of the I am, My Lord,
archbishop's lodgings, wainseotted many Yours mcst affectionately,
roomy, and made other improvements, Jo. CANt
^'hich being finished he removed thither
the 26th of November i 69i. His life was indeed not oly free from
In the few moments of the leisure blemishes, but exemplary in all the
which the duties ofhis station lest him, parts oS it. In his domestic relations,
he revised his Sermons, and published friendships, and the whole commerce
sour of them in i69^, concerning the of business, he was easiy and humble,
incarnation and divinity of our blessed frank and open, render-hearted and
Saviour, to vindicate hinifels against the bountiful to Such an extent, that while
charge oSSocinianism. he was in a private station, he laid
The last work which he appears to aside two tenths of his income sot
have been engaged in, was the revising charitable ufes. He deSpiSed wealth,
and
correcting Bp. Burnet's Exposition but as it Surnished him Sor charity,
of the 39 Articles, which he returned, in which be was judicious as well as
with his'judgmentofit, in a letter dat- liberal. Andtho' be had enjoy 'd coli-
Cd Oct. 23, i6o4, which is inserted as siderable preferments many years,
a Specimen of his epistolary writing, So before he was railed to the archbilhopostcn
mentioned in this account. ric, and sill'd that post above three
years and a half, yet be did not improve
Lambeth-House, Oct, 23, l694. his fortune from his two Successive
deanries, or from that See, out es
My Lord, which his predecessor Saucrost had raised
an estate. An instance of his modera-
| Have with great pleafure and satis- tion in this respect, while be was dean
I faction read over the great volume of St, Faul's has been communiyou
sent me, and am astonished to see eared to me by his worthy Successor in
to vast a work begun and finished in so that dignity, Thomas Lord Bishop of
short a time. In the article of the Tri- O.nsord The only leafe which he erenity
you have Said all that l think can cured separately, as dean as that csbo
Said upon So obScure and difficult an thedral, was one of a Small tenement
argument. The Socinians have just in Creed lane, on the 9th of Frhrrraty,
now published an anfwer to us all ; but 169o. And tho' two otbers, each of
I have not had a sight of it. The ne- ^ few acres of ground near Lone^e,
gative articles against the church as xvere effect:. ally drawn and enter'd m
Rome you have very sully explained, the
and with great learning and judgment. o See Carter's Sermon and p. 41^ ^
Concerning these yon will meet with ^as an. p. so^. tv^. ^4. ^in* ^
P. Val, it, ^7, ^inl, is. noi.

J^f Its C ^ M Bl^R) 1 7 ^ . 4 ^
the register-book, yet he left them unexecuted,
hecaule he vras Soon to be
prefer 'd to the archbishopric.
A decent but grave chearfulnefs
made his conversation as lively and
aoreeable, as itwasufeful and instructing.
He was ever in good humour,
always the Same, both accessible arid
affable. He heard every thing patiently
and was not apt either to mistake
or to Suspect ; his own great candour
disposing him to put the heft construction,
and to judge the molt favourably
of all persons and things. He
was .never imperious nor assuming ;
and tho* he had a superior judgment to
most men, yet he never dictated to
others, And as no man had observed
haman nature more carefully, or could
judge better, So none made larger allowances
for the frailties of mankind,
than he did.
The vivacity of his wit is evident
under the restraints which his discourses
from the pulpit exacted Srom him, and
thoSe, which he impos'd upan himSelf
in his few controversal writings : and
Sir Richard Steele, an indisputable judge
in that kind, used to Say, that he had
a much greater Share of it, than most
es thoSe, whose character was denominated
from it. But his temper and
principles would not suffer him to
erercise it in satire, or even in felfdefence
; So that Sew repartees of his
are deliver'^ down. Among these was
one in return to Sir John Trevor, who
was made master of the rolls by King
^arnes, with whom he was in high
favour, and expellld for bribery by
the house of commons, while he was
-praker of it. This gentleman, who,
with a very obnoxins character, effected
very high principles in church and
^ase, passing by the archbishop in the
batife oSLords Soon aSter his promotion,
Said in a tone loud enough to be heard
hy his Grace, " l hale a fanatic in lawn
^leeyes,'' To which the archbishop an-
Swer'd, in a lower voice,"and I hate a
^ave in any sleeves.'' This story is
related likewise, with the difference of
^ e citcurnstancess that^ir JohnTre-
vor's words were carried to his Grace
by Dr. Manningham, then chaplain at
the Ro/h, upon Sir John's bidding him
deliver them to the archbishop, whuin
the dcoctor was going to visit, though
without any imagination that the doctor
would be the bearer of Such a message;
to which he was too faithful, and even
brought back his Grace's reply to the
master of the rolls Another instance
of this talent s^as upon occasion of
Dr. South's Anamadveyfions on Dr. Sherlock's
Vindication of the Triniey, in 1 693 •
Dr. South being desirous to know the
archbishop's opinion of bis performance,
wherein he had occasionally reflected
upon him for hisfigna/ and peculiar encomium,
as he Catls it, of the reeisening
abilities of the SoCinrans, procured a
a friend of his to draw it from his Grace,
who gave it to this effect, that the
doctor wrote /ike a man, but bit like a
dog. This being reported to the doctor,
he anSwer'd, that he had rather bite
like a dog, than Sawn like one. To
which the archbishop replied, that Sor
his own part, he should chufe to be a
spanie/ rather than a cur.
He lived in a due neglect oS his per-
Son and contempt of pleaSure, but
never affected pompous severities.
In his Sunction, he was not only a
constant preacher, but likewise diligent
in all the other parts as his duty ;
for though he had no cure of fouls,
yet sew who had laboured So painfully
as he did, in visiting the sick, in comforting
tire afflicted, and in Settling
Such, as were either wavering in their
opinions, or troubled in mind.
His love for the real philofophy of
nature, and his conviction that the
study of it is the solid Support oS religion,
induced him, not many yeare
after the establishment of the Roya/ Society,
to desire to be admitted into that
assembly of the greatest men of the
age , into which he was accordingly
elected on the 25 thus January, 1671.
having been proposed on the iSth as a
candidate by Dr. Sella Ward, bishop of
Salisbury ; and he was admitted a memon
the i 4th of ALa'ck.

4 ^ M A G A ^ t ^ l r. MAGA^IN 1HS,
He had a great compafs in learning.
What he knew, he had So perfectly
digested, that he was truly matter oS it,
But the largeness as his genius, and
the correctness of his judgment, earned
him much farther than the leisure
that he had enjoy 'd for study seemed
to enable him to go ; for he could proceed
great lengths upon general hints,
He always endeavoured to maintain
the cheiltian doctrine in its original
purity. Even in bis younger years,
when he had a great liveliness of thoutht
and extent of imagination, he avoided
the disturbing of the peace of the
cDurch with particular opinions, or an
angry opposition about more indifferent
or doubtsul matters. He lived indeed
in great friendship with men, who
differed from him. He thought that
the Surest way to bring them off from
their mistakes, was by gaining upon
their hearts and astections. And in an
a^.e of such remarkable dissoluteness,
as that in which he lived, be judged
that the hest method to pot a Stop to
the growing impiety. was firSt to establish
the principles of natural religion,
and srom that to advance to the proof
of Christianity and of the Scripture,
which being once solidly done would soon
settle all other things. He was theresore
in great doubt, whether the Surest
means to persuade the world to the
belief of the Sublime truths, that are
contained in the Scriptures, concerning
God the Father, the Son, and the
Holy Ghost, and concerning the person
oS Christ, was to enter much into the
discussing of those mysteries. He
Seared, that an indiscreet insisting and
deScanting upon those points might do
more butt than good ; and thought
that the maintaining those doctrines, as
they are proposed in the Scriptures,
without entering too muth into explanations
or controversies, would he the
most effectual way to preserve the reverence
that was due to them, and to
fix them, in men's belief. But when
he was desired by Some, and provoked
by others, and Saw just occasions
moving him to it, he asserted those
great mySteries with that strength and
clearness, which was his peculiar
talent.
He thought, that the less men's confciences
were entangled, and the lets the
communion of the church was clog^'d
with disputable opinions or practices,
the world would be the happier, confciences
the freer, and the churcb the
quieter. The Scriptures were the rule
of his faith, and the chief Subject of
all his meditations. He judged, .that
the great design of Christianity was the
reforming men's natures, and governing
their actions, the restraining their
appetites and passions, the soitening
their tempers and fweetening their humours,
and the raising their minds ab
rve the interests and Sollies as this pre-
Sent world to the hopa and pursuit of
endlcls bleSSedness; and he considered
the whole christian doctrine as a lystern
oS principles all tending to this. Ile
looked on men's contending about lesser
matters, or about Subtilties relating tu
these, that are greater, as one oi the
chieS practices oS the powers of daiknefs,
to defeat the true ends for which
the Son of Gnd came into the world ;
and that they led men into much dry
and angry work, who, while they were
hot in the making parties, and settling
opinions, became So much the flacker
in those great duties, which were chiefly
designed by the christian doctrine.
The moderation both of his temper
and principles very early occasioned
him, as well as Mr. Chi^inworfh, and
others of the best and greatest men of
their times, to be rankld amongst thoSe
divines who were stigmatized with the
name oS Latitudinarians, by persons os
very opposite characters. In vindication
as them from the uSual reproached
annexed to that title, an anonymous
author had published at Loudon, in 4^'
as early as June i 662, A brief aotued
of the new sett of Latitndemen ; together
with fome reactions upon the newphi^P'
pby.' By S P. of Cambridge, is art'
see'er to a letter from his seirnd at Sdtford.
And he was seconded by the
pio'as and rational Mr. Edward

then rector of North- hid in Bedfsmdf^ire,
and afterwards bishop of Gloucester, in
his first work in l67o, entitled, The
principles and practices of certain moe^rnte
divines of the Church of England
(greatly nrtsreedeestoods truly representee/
ueddisendeel In this book he complains,
that this term of reproach, this word,
as he calls it, of a Tost and a half long,
Latitudinerrfan, was frequently thrown
out at that time not only in converSa.
tie^i, but from the pulpit, and that it
accompanied -rood Store of other bombasts,
and little witticisms, in Seasoning
n-at lone. ago, the Stately Oxonian theatre.
Which passage evidently refers
tea the Speech oS Dr. Sou!h, then orator
as the university of Oxford, in which
he treated not only the new philosophy
and the Roval Serciety, but likewise
moderation, comprehension and other
tonics as that kind, with his usual virulence
and beffaorterv, So justlv complained
as by Dr. Wodhs, in a letter to
Mr Boyle, as unsuitable to a learned body
ton So Solemn an occasion,
His gentleneSs towards the dissenters,
was attended with the consequence intended
by him of reconciling many of
them to the communion of the establith'd
church, and almost all of them
to a greater esteem of it, than they
had before entertain'd oS it. His manner
of reasoning with them on the subjects
in dispute will appear from tbe
sallowing letter, written to a lady, whose
name l have not bern able to recover.
Hoard. Maeium, Feb. 17, 168 t.
" l had return'd an anfwer to your
letter Sooner, but that l did not know
he v to direct it, till l met with Mr.
Ldh,
who told me your Indgings,
For answer to the question, in which
vtour ladyship desires to be resolved ;
though no man can act contrary to the
prisuiston of his mind, without violence
ui^ conscience, which is the
^mntediate guide and director of our
aria yet if our conscience he misled,
errhstr by a heady and rash zeal, or
same unreasonable prejudice, or for
want of calm and impartial conSrdration
of the reasons of both Si.Ses, or of" a
due regard in doubtful matters to the
judgment of thole guides, whom God
hath set over us, and who are likely to
judge better as theSe things titan we
can ; or from a neglect as any other
means of tightly informing our own
consciences; in all thefe, and the like
cafes, the mistake of our conscience
death not so justify our actions, but that
the party, that followed Ins conscience,
may be very culpable, and guilty ber
fore God of a great fan. Ss. Pan/
reckons himfeii' among the greatest fin-
Iters, for what he did according to his
conscience, and the firm persuasion of
his mind, in persecuting the church of
Gnd ; for he tells us, that he VerieV
thought, he ought to do all those things,
which be did against Jesus e,f Nazareth.
I do not parallel the case : but this
principle holds in proportion in lessar
matters, that one may be faulty, and
yet act according to his conscience ;
which ought to make us very careSitl,
to have our consciences rightly informed
concerning what is our duty or our
sin, . ,
As to the particular case concerning
the gesture of receiving the sacrament.
give me leave to use that necessary
freedom, as to tell you, that l do noa
think yottr conscience is truly informed,
either concerning the nature of the
thing, or the consequences as it. If
the gesture be indifferent, as l think it:
is, and as it was thought to be bv the
whole Christian church, for ought l can
find, either by their writings or prac^
tice, for many ages, which is a verv
strong presumption of the indifferenceof
it; then can there be no wellgrounded
persuasion of the unlawsulnesa
of the gesture that is in use in the church,
where we live; especially if it he enjoined
by authority. If it be alledged.
that tbe gesture, in which our Saviour
celebrated it, is necessary to be followed
bv us; the reafon must be, either
because we are punctually to observer
and keeo to all the circumstances used
by our Saviout, in the first institution

4 ^ M A G A Z I N E
of this sacrament ; and then it will be
necessary, for ought 1 can See, to receive
it in the very gesture ufed by our
^saviour, aSter Supper, in an upper
room, not above the number o f twelve
besides him that administers, and only
men, and not women. For if the bare
example of our Saviour makes it necessary
for us to do the like, then every
circumstance observed by him, will
become necessary to us. But this, I
think, is nobody's opinion, and therefore
our Saviour's bare example is as
no force in this matter. Or else the
reaSon must be, becauSe the gesture used
by our Saviour, is in its own nature So
proper and Suitable to the sacrament, as
may Seem to make it necessary ; and
this is that, which I think you insist upr
on. But we must take heed as concluding,
that God hath commanded
or forbidden a thing, because we think
it very Suitable, or unsuitable. By this
argument indeed the papists endeavour
to prove an inlallible judge oS controversies,
and a great many other things ;
lout 'tis a very Slippery and uncertain
ar-^umcnt. And to make the whole
action of the Sacrament, with all the
circumstances of it, to be obligatory
to us, not only the administration as
the sacrament in the elements of bread
and wine, must be expressly commanded,
but every circumstance likewise
must be expressly enjoined. Otherwise
the argument from an imaginable suitableness
will be of no manner of force;
for many things may befuitable enough,
which are by no mean^ necessary. Besides,
that I cannot see but that this
way of arguing is rather as greater
force as to the receiving it after Supper,
since this is expressly mentioned by St.
Paul, i (.'or, xi, where he profeffeth to
deelare the institution just as he received
it, but says not a word of the gesture.
And in AaSs xx. we find, that
the disciples met together in the evening
to break bread, and in an upper
chamber ; So that it Seems they did observe
the circumstances both as time
and place, in which our Saviour celebrated
it. And the circumstance of
time was so constantly obferved by the
apostles, as to give this Sacrament the
name of the Lord's Supper ( i Cor. ri.
2o. ) which hath ever Since continued
in the Christian church, the' the time
hath been altered from evening to
morning. And now if suitableness be
such an argument , it seems to me every
whit as unsuitable to celebrate a Supper
in the morning, as to communicate
at a feast at any other than the common
table gesture.
But then the consequence of the
thing is much worse, because you mult
either during this erroneous persuafioa
(as l think) osyour mind, nut receive
the Sacrament at all, which is to neglect
a great and plain 'institution of
the Christian religion ; or you mult
break the peace, and feperate from the
communion of the church, upon fuck
a reason, as will prnduce seperatioa
without end : for if every little doubt
and s c r u p l e be ground fusficierrt to warrant
a seperation, the peace and unity
of the church will be perpetually in
danger. I have been credibly informed,
that in the late times there was an anabaptist
church in London, that in a Short
Space Subdivided into thirty Several
churches, upon different opinions, about
the circumstances oS administring
the two sacraments; and every party
so stissty insisted upon that circumftance,
which they thought neceffary, that
they could not in conscience communicate
with one another.
And now, Madam, upon the whole
matter, l beseech you Seriously to consider
theSe Sew things : 1st, That one
may Sin greatly in Sallowing she persuasion
of an erring conscience. adly ,
That it is only in things wherein v.e
are perfectly at liberty, that a doubting
conscience binds us Srom acting
contrary to is ; which is the cafe St.
Paul was fpeaking of in the text yen
cite; be thai donbleih, is damned if he
eat. But where there is an obligation
to the thing (for instance, the command
of lawful authority) this ought to ove^*
rule the doubt, whether the thit^
commanded he lawful, but l must he
cleats

.^r I ^ E C E M B E R , 1 7 ^ 4 ^
tlearly Satisfied that it is unlawful ; o.
tlaerwife l sin in disobeying the commands
of" lawful authority. 3dly,
That it is not every doubt. or seruple,
that binds the conscience, but grounded
upon Such realons, as to prudent
aod considerate persons may minister
^reat and just cauSe of doubt ; for a
Sample and tear, that hath no probable
reason to justify it, and bear it out,
ought to be rejected ; and upon the advice
as pious and prudent persons, one
may Safely act contrary to fuch a doubting
and scrupulous conscience; especially
when the ground of the donbt is
Such, as by she generality of Christians
much time about a matter, which I
think to be of so little moment. And
l am verily persuaded, that tour blessed
Lord elid for this very reason make So
few positive laws in the Christian religion,
hardly any beside the two sacraments,
and did also leave the circumstances
of these free and indifferent,
that we might not be hindered front
minding the weightier duties of religion
by contending about circumstances and
trifles ; but in all things, as becomes
persons of humble and peaceable Spirits,
might be ready to comply with the general
usage and custom oS the church,
in winch we live, and the rules and in-
sar many ages was never thought to be junctions of those, who have authori-
of" any weight. 4thly, That it falls
out Somewhat unhappily, that the
doubts and Scruples oS well-minded
people, are generally on the wrong side,
against the peace of the church, and
ohedience to authority; and that for
cant, that doubts, whether thev can
with a good confcience sepetate from
the communion of a church, whose
terms are as easy, as of any Christan
church in the world, there ate hundreds,
that upon So many different and
tv to command us : which I am fure
is a greater duty, than many, otherwife
very good people, seem to be Sensible
of. 1 heartily pray God to direct
and satisfy you in this doubt. I am,
Madam,
Your most faithful seicnd ardservant,
J. TlLLOTSON.
I do not believe this great man to
have been absolutely perfect, or wholly
devoid oS all faults aid blemishes ;
nor certainly did he ever think so of
inconsistent Scruples make a doubt whe- himself; for he had this virtue to emptier
yvith a good confcience they can hellish and grace all his other virtues
continue in it. It is worthy our ferious
consideration, whence this should
proceed, when it is So very plain, that
there is Scarce any thing more stictly
charged upon Christians, than to endeavour
the peace and unity of the
church, 5thly, That if you he not
undoubtedly in the right in this matter,
you are certainly guilty of a great
hn, iai forsaking the communion of our
church in this account. And, lastly,
f hat the religion which will recommend
us to God, doth not consist in
niceties and Scruples ; and that iS we
would more attend to the great end
and design oS this Sacrament, which is
to engage us to be really good, we
should neither have lift nor leisure to
contend about the little things ; and
out that l believc you are very sincere in
and perfections, namely, to he very
humble in his whole deportment : he
had nothing of pride or sastuoufness, no
not So much as in his Spirit, So far as
ever appeared to me in my strictest observation
of him. He did not boast or
magnify himself, or lift up himfelf above
his brethren. He was very contrite
before God ; a mourner in secret
for his own and others sins. He was meek
and lowly of heart. I will but say only
this one thing more ; that upon a
very serious review upon all, that I
have known by myfelf, heard from others,
that were worthy, ingenious, and
credible persons, concerning either his
temper, or conversation, or management
of affairs, or any way in reference
to his function, l never saw or
heard from such persons as before, of
- • - s - — —.— • — ^ ------ i - — - - -
me proposing of this doubt, I could any Saife Step he made, any thing that
have obtain'd of mySelf to Spend So urged him insincere; any thin^ that
t.. IV. t ^ q q

4 ^ ^ ^ A G A ^ I ^
was Scandalous. or oS ill report ; but
on the contrary, very laudable and
imitable. What Secret deSects be might
have, was known to God and himSelf:
and I beliese he could Sav with St.
Paul, 1 know nothing by rnysef (nothing
inconsistent, with that uprightness,
that is attainable by man in this life)
yet am i rat hereby jestisied,
I should have given Some description
as the very Sorm and lineaments of his
body, the habitation, where his Sweet
and good mind dwelt Sor near sixtyfive
years. His countenance was Sait,
ana very amiable ; his face round, Iris
eyes vivid, and his air and afpect very
ingenious ; all which were the index
of his excellent Soul and Spirit, His
hair brown and bushy ; he was moderately
tall ; very slender and Sparing
in his youth; his constitution but lender
and frail to outward appearance.
He became corpulent and fat, when
grown in age; which increased more
and more as leong as he lived ; but yet
was not a burden to IiimSels, nor in
the least unseemly to others. The vi-
.gour of his mind, and perspicuity os
bis understanding, continued to his last
Seizure, and his knowledge and remembrance
to his death, as I have been
told ; which said leisure indeed was very
Sudden, and soon proceeded to
snake an cod of his life ; thai believe
it was no surprize to himSelf, being
habitually prepared for death ; a life,
which had been so beneficial to the
uburcb, and to this nation.
The following account of his death
is given in Mr. Bt'rc/rs words, a sa Spetianen
of his manner.
< He did not hong survive the wtr-
< ting of this letter. for on Sundry the
' i 8th of November 1694, he was Seized
' with a sudden illnels, while he was
< at the chapel in Hhrtehal! Bait the'
• bis countenance shewed that he was
^ indispos'd, he thought it not decent to
< intertupt the Service. The fit came
^ indeed slowly on, but it Seem'd to be
< fatal, and soon turn'd to a dead pal-
' fy. Tbe oppression of his distemper
< was so great, that it became very un-
• eaSy for him to Speak ; but it appear-
• ed, that his understanding was still
• clear, tho' others could not have she
< advantage oS it, He continued tc-
• rene and calm, and in broken words
• Said, that he thank 'd God he was
• quiet within, and had nothing then
< to do, but to wait the will of heaven.
< He was attended the two last nights
• of his illness by his friend Mr. Nsttrr,
• in whose arms he expired em the f fih
< day of it, Thiirfbly, November 22/.
• at five in the afternoon, in the 65th
• year oS his age.'
ft is remarkable of this extraordinary
person that tho' he ufed what was in his
time called conceived prayer, and greatly
excelled Sorthe readiness anal pertincncc
of his expression, yet as if this
was really a peculiar gift, he could never
preach but by reading, and having
once attempted to deliver an extempore
discourse on the most copious text he
could Select, 11 e must all appear before
the judgment seat of Christ, he was erbliged
to leave the pulpit. alter fprndm^
ten minutes in hesitation, repetition;
blushes. and confusion.
He lived at a time in which all his
abilities, his virtue, and his piety, could
not Screen him from the imputation eS
Servility, treachery, heresy, and ingratitude
; and indeed he was So well apprized
oS the danger of publick and elevated
life at that critical period, that
he prevailed upon his friend Mr. Ne/rie
to relinquish bis purpose of purchali^
a place at court, by telling him it would
expose him to Such temptations as
• would Set the firmest virtue hard, e-
< ven that os his friend of whom he had
< so good an opinion.'— A circumstance
from which this obvions and imports^
inference ought always to be dratvti,
that those should not be too Severely
cenfured, against whom nothing can lit
alledged, but suat they sell by tens nations,
which in TiHotsin's opinion
Scarce be relisted bs her man frailty- ^

E C B M
Eatralt of a Letter seom Paris, dated
Dec.i2, 1752, on Church essairs.
V^N the 2 I It of Alov. a grand council
was held at Versailles, in which
a new petition of .he bishops was deliberated
upeau t they thereby required
three tilings : 1st, The disannulling of
the arret of parliament of the tSth as
Apri/ last, as derogating from the authority
of the church. 2 lly, The establishment
oS certificates of conseriion.
3^, Reparation of honour to be made
by the parliament to the Archbishop of
Paris, for having called that prelate a
promoter of fchilin. The deliberation
continued till 6 o'clock in the evening.
The king deferred going to dinner, because
his majesty was desirous as having
the affair determined, and the arret
signed, before he rose. By this arret,
which certainly does not cors.fpond
with the first ideas that the public
had formed, the arret of parliament
of the i 8th of Aprs/ is disannulled, not
as derogatory from the authority of the
church, as the prelates had demanded
by their petition, but as derogatory
from the royal authority ; because the
king had reserved to hiiuself the cognizance
oS the affair, upon which the
parliament nsued that arret, and which
they ought not to have done, without
his majesty's conSent. By the same
^termination, the bishops are authoha'd
to catlle tbe bull Caigenitns to he
received, but it is not to he qualified
with the law of the church and the
state. Moreover the parliament is declared
competent to take cognisance of
these kinds of matters. As to the reparation
demanded by the bishops for
the imputation of sehifin thrown upon
she Archhilhep as Paris, nothing is
done relating to that article.
A complaint having heen made to
she parliament, by the attorney general,
that the priest oS Mediird had refused
the Sacraments to a Sister of the
nunnery of St. ^atha, named St. Per-
^ta, who was at the point of death.
The priest and his two curates were
Summoned : the priest absconded, but
she curates appeared -and pleaded or-
B E R, l J ^ a 4^1
ders from the archbishop as Paris a to
the archbishop therefore a message was
fent, requiring him to direct the priest
to do his office. The archbishop anfwered,
< The priest has already done
• that which was required by his own
• conscience and my command ; as he
< is accountable only to me, 1 am ac-
< countable only to Gnd.' The archbishop
was again solicited. and the
priest summoned, but without succeSs.
The parliament therefore ordered that
if the archoishop did not immediately
comply, his temporalities should be
seized. The archbishop being still inflexible,
enquiries were made concerning
the state of the nun, and it appeared
that the penitentiary and two other
gentlemen from the archbishop had visited
her ; and the penitentiary having
asked, whether she condemned father
^uesuel's propositions, She anfwered try
the negative, upon which he told her
that for this her disobedience she wou'el
he condemned in the day of judgment
to the fire of bell—The nun soon after
expir'd. The archbishop applied
to the king to interdict the fentcnce
which he had incurred from parliament
: A council of state was held, his
request was granted, the further proceedings
of parliament were suspended.
and the whole ordered to be brought
before the council ; in the mean tame:
all the bishops sent to the archbishop
affuring him that they considered his
cause as their own, and would support
it to the utmost of their power.
How to improve W E LCH LEAD.
Gentlemen,
f Send, for your Magazine art extract
ofa letter from Dr. Linden, to a gelt/eman
of Wales, celebrated for his taste
in architecture. It contain.' directions for
rendering the Welch lead malleable, and
fit for a// the purposes of the plunder.
The directions have heeri followed with suecest
by the gentleman to whom they were
sent, and the' Welch lead i fo brittle that
it has hecn decmedfitonly sof weights and
plaarnnae^

^'t! ^IAGA^INE ^ MAGAgl^FS,
p/ummers, yct he has wrought it into condectr,
pipes, cisterns, and many ulensil sin
his kitchen.
Your constant reader. &c.
CAMa. BalTANNUS.
SIR,
^he plumbers in Lenden com-
^ plain that the We^th lead is too
brittle lor ule, that wheii it is cast it
will not run close, and that when it is
Sorged it will crack, yet it is held in
the highest estimation in China, where
it is wrought into those remarkably
fine and thin plates with which they
line the tea chests.
But it arrives in the Same condition
at China as at London ; in China therefore
its ill qualities are corrected, and
in London they are not ; probably because
the causes oS them have not been
discovered.
It has been Said that the Welh lead
is iender'd SeSs malleable and ductile by
the Welch refiners, who extract from it
too great a quantity ossilver ; but this
is not true, tor there are never more
than 3o ounces extracted Srom a ton ;
others have thought its brittleneSs proceeded
from a mixture oS tin ; but upon
fluxing the oar, no Such mixture has
been Sound. The true cause is the quality
of the coal with which it is iinefted
; Sor th e Flintshire coal abounds
more with a corrosive acid Substance
called Sulphur than any other. And it
has been demonstrated by repeated experiment
that the maleability, ductility,
close texture, and firm cohesion oS
metals, are produced by that grealy
unctuous Substance, which cauSes flame
in all Suel or combustible bodies.
Upon this principle the following
process was founded, and its Success
must be considered as another experimental
prooS that it is true:
To render Welch lead equal iS not
superior to all other : Take tallow one
pound, hee*s-wax haf a pound, sinnd
wood charcoal (such as is seld in London
to kindle sines withs finely powdered one
poand, melt the tallow and wax over the
sire, then add by degrees the charcoal,
keeping the meist continually agitated, or
stirred tilde old, andrepesilefor use.
Of this mixture take about two or
three ounces, and rub the inside oS the
iron veffel in which you intend to sate
your lead, on the top of which, when
m a state oS Susion, throw about the
Same quantity ; this greafy unctious
body will extend itfelf all over the Surface
oS the melted metal, and the metal
will as it were Seed upon it, and imbibe
all the properties effential to the
best lead.
The plumbers by this method will
be recompensed for their labour, none
of the lead will exhale in white fumes,
a circumstance which not only causes a
conSumpti on of the metal, but alto
greatly impairs the health of the labourers
; its calcination into white aSlas,
will be prevented by this unctious
compound extending itself over the
whole fmelted surface, nor is expence
large, for six ounces of the above mixture
will suffice for four or five hundred
weight of metal.
All animal sat, or vegetable oil, is
possessed of the same quality, and will
have the same effectl I only recommend
wax as the nearest ingredient to combine,
and harden the compound.
A Disproof of the Miracle at Bi^p
FlSHERS Grave.
Mr. URBAN,
^ T is surprising upon what Slight
^ grounds, the Roman Catholicks, So
addicted to marvels, will obtrude their
sham miracles upon the world, To
omit many others, I will here report
you one very remarkable instance. H'.
John Fishes. Bishop oS Roc/astcr, it will
be allowed on all fides was a very
learned, pious, and good man, but his
warmest advocates, the Papists, wiil
find it difficult to persuade us that any
extraordinary or miraculous appearance
(for Such they would Suggest it tote)
was seen at his grave. The account
given of the matter, by one of thoSe
author.;, russ^ tht^ : ' ^

J^Y D E C E M B E R , 4 ^
' And touching tire place of his bu-
' rial, in [Alilhallo-wsj Barking Church
' yard, it was well observed at that
• time by divers worthy persons oS the
• nations of Italy, Spain, and France,
' that were then abiding in the realms,
' and more diligently noted and wrote
' the course of things, and with less
• Sear and Sufpicion than any oS the
' king's Subjects might, or durst do,
• that Sor the Space of Seven years after
< his burial, there grew neither leaf
• nor grafs upon his grave, but the
• earth still remained as bare as though
< it had been continually occupied and
• trodden.' Bai/y's Life of Bishop
Fisher, London i655. i2mo. p. 212.
This Dr. Baily, the publisher of
Bishop Fisher's life, was a plagiary, for
the book was written by Dr. Richard
Ha//, as we are inform 'd by Anlh. a
Wood, Aden. Oxon. I. Col 568. However
the miracle, you See, is vouched
by one doctor in divinity, and counte.
nanc'd by another, but how groundlefsly
will appear front the following
remarks :
First, The truth of the fact is very
disputable, even upon the footing of
Dr. Halls report ; for why was it not
obferv'd by the English, as well as
thole foreigners, Italians, Spanish, and
French? Why not by the neighbours
as well as by the strangers^
—This nation was all Romanist at
that time of day, and Bishop Fisher
wanted not friend5 and well wishers
enough amongst them to obferve, to
Speak, and write oS, and even to give
an air oS miracle to this contigency,
had there been any Such, and yet nobody
has ever taken notice of it, sill
this writer, from whence l conclude
there never was any such thing. But
says, Dr. Hall, the king's subjects were
more subject to fear, and liable to Suspicion,
than these foreigners, and therefore
durst not, or could not make the
remark ; a meer empty Surmise ; Sor
the people, as this author will allow,
talk'd freely enough oS the king's dealmgs
with the Bishop oS Rochester, who
bad friends sufficients and zealous e-
nough, had there been any thing extraordinary
in the cafe to have noted
it, and even then to have given it this
turn.
But, Sccorieily, Supposing the fact to
be true, there was nothing miraculous
in it ; Sor 'tis not at all strange or Supernatural
that grata or weeds Should not
grow upon a grave in a Lsndon churchyard,
situate within the walls. They
do not naturally g^ow freely in any
clofe places in London, and is it Should
happen that the earth in a poarticular
place should be cold and steril, should
prove to be a clay, or compos'd as often
is the cafe, of dead rubbish, which
is either unfit for vegetation or includes
no Seeds in it, there may be no shoot
at all, at least not for more than Seven
years, the Space of time mention 'el.
Again, Thirdly, Supposing the fact
to be true, how does it prove any miracle
in behalf of the goad bishop ?
The body of Saints: are Sound, as thefe
writers tell us, all fresh and fragrant,
from whence one would expect, had
there been a real miracle, that the grave
would have been overgrown with flowers,
or at least with aromatic plantsl
have the life of Sir Thomas Canfilope
wriiten by R. S. a Jesuit, and printed
at Ghent i674, which tells us p. 2oz.
that his body when his foul first left it,
emitted an heavenly fragrance that filled
the whole rooni. So in Osbern's History
oS the translation of Archbishop
Esphege. — — Accreiunl itaque admirals-
one perterrit rex & aruhicpseopue, lachrf.
manlihies oculis iniroest„s aspieinat, ve'.
dertl organoid quondam spirtilur fincti in.
corrupt rem yescere, nec ^uir^uar.'r pulris in
toio coryore ldsionis ine^C. ' The king
• and the archbishop advance with a-
' stonisliment, and looking in with
' weeping eyes they behold the late
< temple of the holy fpnit lying all in-
< corrupt, without one mark ot putre-
' faction in the whole body.' Wherrton's
Angl. Sacr. Tom. H. p. 145. and
yet this was eleven years after his death,
And in the search and inspection int.a
the grave of St. Dursiau, by Archbishop
Warhant, printed in the Same Vol p.

e- 4^4
2^8. the remains of that Saint are Said
to Smell most Sweetly, que revera omnia
adore redelehanl SiniviffrnO ; and yet this
was above 500 years aSter his e.eceaSe ;
Srom all which one would incline to
believe, that a luxuriancy oSgrass upon
his grave, would better have betoken 'd
the Sanctity of Bishop Fisher than a
want of is. An observation which
l lay the more stress upon, on account
of HollrnsheaeP s testimony concetning
the murder oS Mr Arden of Feversharn.
' This one thing Seerneth very Strange
' anal notable touching Maister Arden,
' that in the place where he was layd
' being dead, all the proportion of his
' body might be Seme two yeares af-
• ter and more, so playne as could be;
' for the graste did not growe where
' his body had touched, but betweene
' his leggs, between hies armes, and a-
< bout the hollowness oShis necke, an.d
< round about his body, and where his
' legges, armes, head, or any part oS
s body, bad touched, no gtaise
' growed at all oS all that time.' There
was no Sanctity in the caSe here, nor
did anv rone ever pretend there was ;
Arden ^ had been baSely murdered, 'ties
true, but he was a man oS a bad character
in Several reSpects, as the Same
historian tells us, anas in particular had
cruelly taken from a poor widow that
very field in which his body was layd.
Mr. Lewis in a note eon this story, which
he has printed in the Appendix to his
history ofFeversham, alter citing the above
passage of Dr. Hall's, thinks it very
probable ' that lhe grass was kept

^ r E C E M
(ider the nature of the place, and the Situation
of that, there might well be
but little graSs.
I conclude upon the whole, that
there svas nothing preternatural in this
affair ; that the Sact itself us deubt-
Sul that, admitting it to be true, the
b'.lbap'a bones weae no other way concerii'd
in occasioning the want of grass,
then as thev caused the earth to be
t-.vice removd ; and, lastly, that upon
the vyhole matter, this is no other
than one of those false miracles, o as
was asse t.d above, with which the
modern papists are perpetually injuring
the saaredness eoS truth, and hurciirg the
credit oS red ones.
Nov. 14. 1752. Yo-srs. &c.
PAUL GEMSAGE.
^ See Hell again, p, ^ and ail.
Appendix to the FiVE laETtatts on
the LlTURGY.
A S the Seventh day is Sanctified in
.Lh. memory of the creation, and of
the redemption, our publick offices for
Sundays appear defective in that they
have no exprefs hymns, wherein these
great storks oS providence are celebrated.
The Scriptures furnish abundant
materials far Such hymns, and l have
prrsumed to offer the following arrangement
of passages, as a Specimen of
svhat an abler hand and a more elevated
imagination might produce on these
selects. The hymn for Easterday suggests
to me that the proper place in our
liturgy
to insert the first of these would
be in the room of the Venice, exulterrrtes,
and the latter for the afternoon would
then naturally precede the Pfalms ; and
happily the foregoing suffrages lead to
shem. If, after what was^faidinmy
nrst letter it should be thought best not
tn select proper psalms for the several
Sundays in the year, the use of these or
the hke hymns, would, in Some meafure
luperfede the necessity of such a proven.
i
B E R, 1 7 ^ . 4 ^
A Hymn to the Creator of all things,
tea be used on Sundays in the Morning,
instead of the Venire, exultemuS.
P.-, xix. l. The heavens declare the glery
of Cod, and the firmament st ewelh bis
hanly work.
cxlviii, 5. He spoke tie word, and
thry wer e made ; he commanded, and
they -cere create,/.
Cxi, 8. The;- stand sust for ever and
ever ; and are dane in trreah and equity.
xix, 3,4. ^bere is nerlherspeeeh nor
/anguage, hut, their attires are heard
anit.n^ them a their fund is gone out into
a/1 hands, and their wordt into the'
ends of the world.
Bom. i. 2o. The invisible things- of him
from the creation of the world are
clearly seen, heing understood by the
things thai are morale ; even his etemad
power andgoeshead.
Ps. rvii. 43. Whose is wise .add ponder
these things ; and they sha// undersiand
the losing kindness of the fond
—lxxii. l8, l^. Bussed be tbe
Lord God of lyrael, which ordy deetl*
wondeous things ; and blssad be the
name of bis majesty for- ever.
REV. xv. 3. Great and marvelous are
tby works, Lord God Almighty ; just and
true are tby ways, Oking ofseiints
Glory he to the Father, &c.
A Hymn on the Messiah for Sender in
the Evening.
JonN i. pA theheginsringara.-as the worda
1,3,4. 1 andihe wendwas withGnda
and the word was God A// things
were made by him ; and without hern
was not any thing made, that wamade.
in him teas lise, anal the /so
was the /ight of men.
CoL. i. 16, 17. For by him were a!/
things created that are in heaven, and
that are in earth, visible and invisible,
Ale things were created by him andser
him And he is be,tore all things , and
by him all things cOnfist.
Hsa. i 3. Who being the brightness of
his fitier'a glory, and the esyprc s
image of bis person, and upholding all
things

4 ^ ^ ^ A G A ^ l N F
i
things by the noord ofhis power, when 'tis only an o^ena, or ulcer of the inter^
he hnd by himself purg'd our sin, sin nal membrane of the nofe, 'tis easily
do-eorr on the right hand of the masesly to be cured ; when eof long continueuhigb.
ance it is notoriously contagious. All
REV. vii. to. Salvaiiorr to our God, which borSes that are said to dve of the glanfitetlr
ufoii the throne, and unto the ders, are in Sact deftrov'al by a polmnhind.
nary consumption. the lungs being diS-
- v. 12. Worthy is the lamb that was Solv'ct into a perfect costuviesoS master.
sinin, to receive power ane/ riches and l have kneawn Several horfeS cured in
Wtsinm, and strength, and boriour and the first stage oS the malady, by this
glory, an,/ hleshng. method .-^—Take a bundle oSgreenafh
v. 9, io. For thou hast redeemed us twigs, about an inch diameter, burn
to God by tby hlocd ; errul heist made them to a flamingcoal on a clean hearth,
us unto our God kings and priests. then quench them in a gallon of beer,
v. 13. Therefore, b/essag, arte/ ho- so ps to make a strong lye: raise the
nour, andg/ory, and power, and wis- horse's head, and with a drenching horn
dom, and thanksgiving. he unto him pour some spoonfuls of it down each
that sitteth upon the throne, and unSo nostril twice a dav till he is well.
She hinrb for ever and ever. In the fecund stage, when the lungs
Glory be to the Father, &c. are much contaminated, l cannot pronounce
this remedy effectual ; in this
To what l have in my 3d letter and case, however, l once knew the followelsewhere
laid. concerning the com- ing tea succeed. The farrier mi xt powmination
office', l will here take the li- dec of myrth, ginger, and flower eof
berty to add as my eown private fcrati- brimstone together in a warm mash uf
merit, that this office might very well ^n, which lie placed in a little tubunsupersede
the use of the first part of the dor the horse's note, and cover'd his head
communion service on Alh-Wednesiny e over W ith blankets, so that all the air he
by whicoancans the extraordinary length breath'cl was strongly impregnated with
of this day's devotion would be very ^he ingredients : when the mash was
conveniently shortened : the entire di- gyown cool enough he put it into a bag,
verfitv of its office from that of all to- bke those the hackney drivers ufe lot
ther days would render it more affect- seeding their horses in the streets, drew
nig ; and nothing material would be the bag over the creature's note, and
omitted Because the curses against im- ryld it over his head. By the time it
penitert sinners herein denounced are ^as cold he had another mesh hot and
justly equivalent to So many positive ready to apply in the Same manner
commands oS the contrary duties, ie. This process he repeated S or 1o times
to the ten commandments. For this the first day, And iS he warm'd a stporpose
two alterations in its rubneks cond time a mash he had used, he carewould
Suffice.—The sirtt to direct its sully tonk out all the mucues that had
nse instead os so much of the commu- drained from the nostrils , which same
nion Service as precedes the epistle and times was in large quantities. He itgospel
-^The next to direct the epistle newed his application every third, or
and golpel to follow ; Turn thetius, O fourth day, and, as I remember aSitt
good lard, &c. his third visit the horse was perse^!
well, and to my knowledge continued
^ ^ ^ ^ ^ • S ^ ^ ^ S g ^ S ^ so ten years aster.
When balfamicks are Swallowed h^
Caresin the Glanders in HORSES. pabents ui complaints oS the lat^
t^ff^lll' (Glanders iti horses is known they may perhaps be So alter'd in ts^
^ to he oft ess fatal larst) when prima ^ie, or the ruad of circulate'

as to assame qualities very different
from what the preScriber might expect.
^uere, Whether the fumes oS healin^
baisams rece ved immediately into
the lungs by Some such contrivance may
nut be attended with great advantage t
Yours, &c, R. B. M
Archbishop TlLLotsoN's Remarks concerning
a pub/ick and splendid way
of levins compared with a private and
retired /rse.
N E would be apt to wonder,
^ that Aehemiah (Chap. v. ver.
16, 17, 18) should reckon a huge bill
of Sare, and a vast number as promiscuous
guests amongst his virtues and
goed deeds, Sor which he desires Gad
to remember him. But upon better
consideration, besides the bounty, and
Sometimes charity, oS a great table,
(provided there be nothing of vanity or
oitentation in it) there may be exerciSed
two very considerable virtues ;
one is Temperance, and the other Selfdieia/,
in a man s being contented Sor
the Sake as tbe public, to deny himself
So much, as to fit down every day to a
feait, and to eat continually in a croud,
and almost never to be alone, eSpeciak
ly when, as it asten happens, a great
part of the company, that a man must
have, is the company, that a man
would not have. I doubt it will prove
bat a melancholy business, when a man
comes to die, to have made a great
noise and bustle in the world, and to
have been known far and near ; but all
this while to have been hid and conceal'd
from himself It is a very odd and
fantastical foyt of life for a man to be
continually pyom bome, and most of all
a stranger at ^ own house.
It is surely an uneusy thing to fit always
in a Srame, and to be perpetually
upon a man's guard , not to be able to
Speak a careless word, or to use a negligent
postuye, without observation and
censure.
^len are apt to think, that they,
^oL. IV.
4 ^
who are in highest places, and have the
most power, have most liberty to lay
and do what they please. But it is
quite otherwise, for they have the least
liberty, because they are most observed.
It is not mine own observation ;
a much wiser man (l mean Tubys Say^
in m.rcima qua^ue sertuea minimum licere.
They chat are in the highest and greatest
condition, have oS all others the
least liberty.
In a moderate station it is Sufficient
Sor a man to be indifferently wise.
Such a man has the privilege to commit
little follies and mistakes without
having any great notice taken of them.
But he that lives in the light, i e. in
the view of all men, his actions are exposed
to every body's observation and
censure.
We ought to be glad, when those
that ate fit for government, and called
to it, are willing to take the burden of
it upon them ; yea, and to be very
thankful to them too, that they will be
at the pains, and can have the patience,
to govern and to live publickly.
Therefore it is happy for the world,
that there are some, who are born and
bred up to it ; and that custom hath
made it eafy, or at least tolerable to them.
Else who, that is wise, would undertake
it, Since it is certainly much easier
us the two to obey a just and wiSe government.
(I had almost Said any government)
than to govern justly and
wisely. Not that l find fault with those,
who apply themselves to publick business
and affairs. They do well, and
we are beholding to them. Some by
their education, and being bred up to
great things, and to be able to bear and
manage great business with more eafe
than others, are peculiarly fitted to Serve
Gnd and the publick in this way ; and
they, that do, are worthy of double
honour.
The advantage, which men bave by
a more devout, and retired, and contemplative
life. it, that they are not
distracted about many things; their
minds and affections are Set upon one
thing , and the whole larca^ and force
R r t of

4^
oS their affections run one way. All
their thoughts and endeavours are united
in one great end and design, which
makes their life all of a piece, and to
be consistent with itSels throughout.
Nothing but necessity, or she hope
of doing more good than a man is capable
of doing in a private station
(which a modest man will not easily
preSume concerning himself) can recompense
the trouble and uneasiness of
a more publick and buSy life.
Besides that, many men, if they understand
themfelves right, are at the best
in a lower and more private condition,
and make a much more awkward figure
in a higher and more publick station ;
when perhaps, if they had not been
advanced, every one would have
thought them fit and worthy to have
been so.
And thus l has-e considered and
compared impartially both theSe conditions,
and upon the whole matter,
without any thing either of disparagement
or discouragement to the wife
and great. And in my poor judgement
the more retired and private condition,
is the better and Safer, the more
eaSy and innocent, and consequently
the more desirable of the two.
Those, who are sitted and contented
serve mankind in the management
and government of publick affairs, are
called benefactors ; and if they govern
(well) deserve to be called so, and to
be so accounted, for denying themfelves
in their own cafei to do gond to many.
Not that it is perfection to go out of
lhe world, and to be persectly ufeless.
Gur Lord by his own example has
taught us, that we can never serve God
Letter than when doing gond to men ;
and that a perpetual retirement from
the world, and shunning the conversation
of men, is not trie most religious
lise ; but living amongst men and doing
good to them. The life of our Saviour
15 a pattern both of the contemplative
and active life, and shews us, how to
mix devotion and doing good to the
greatest advantage. He would neither
go out us the world, nor yet immerse
in the cares and troubles, in the piesfores
and plentiful enjoyments ; much
less in the pomp and fplendor of it.
He did not place religion (as loo many
have done since) in a total retirement
from the world, and shunning the conversation
of men, and taking care to
be out of all condition and capacity of
doing good to any body. He did nut
run away from the conversation of
men, nor live in a wilderness, norrlnit
hirnself up in a pen. He lived in the
world with great freedom, and with
great innocency, hereby teaching us,
that charity to men is a duty no less
neceslary than devotion towards God.
He lived in the world without leaving
of it. We read indeed, that he was
cartied into the wilderness to he tempted,
But we no where read, that he
chose to live in a wilderness to avoid
temptation.
The capacity and opportunity oS
doing greater good is the specious pretence,
under which ambition is wont
to cover the eager desire os power and
greatness.
If it he Said (which is the most Spiteful
thing, that can be said) that Sotae
ambition is necessary to vindicate a
man from being a fool ; to thisl thinlr
it may be fairly anssvered, and without
offence, that there may perhaps he as
much ambition in declining greatness,
as in courting it: only it is oS a mote
unusiial kind, and the example of
lefs dangerous, becauSe it is not like tio
be contagious.
The Countryman's Complaint agdi^
the GAME Act.
Gent/emen,
'ff Am a pleain countree fellho ; a^d
| tho'ff l saay't that showd not faoft,
an honest won : l love my countree,
follow my plough, get my own cht^
dren, go to church on a Sunday, anil
read the gornall once a weeck to n^'
countree nigh-hoars. We
foindthersin,
that when soke bin aggriev'd, they ap-
ply themfelves to loomc sukf^ke^sin

to maake their KaSe knoown. The
matter is thus — We heer the parlrneant
(b'it how trew it is we knoow
no') is gooing to maake it selehoney and
transformation to kill the geame t Now
yeo must knoow, that 1 and monny of
us countree sake dan'c like at all. 1
have a Sinaal cot: of my oown, with a
tiaaly bit a grauncl to't, and con voat for
kileet o*she* lliier, and *tis very hard
that 1 may'ut be toller-hated to kill a
pater hedge, ear hayer, in mony oown
graund, tho*ff She Spoiled and eat me
more green coorn and gardhen stuff,
than her heads worth : whilst aur
b'oobie Squoire, and the reakes ooff tli*
countree, Shall breake dowai my fences,
tread my coorn under Soote, and threaten
masv in to'th' bargm, if l dar but
oppen my mouth t We reed i'th* ikriptut,
that the beasts of the feeld, arid
the fowls of the yair wore meade Sor
the yeuSe of man, but not Sor theyeuSe
nf gentilmen ; l have red aw the Ackts
oore and oore, and odsheart, l conno
find won word o'the Bi-hill in *um. If
they wowd maack a law *gainst pochin
let *um begin with th* parson o*th'
parrish, for he's the greatest i'th* hole
countree ; but how'd theet, if they
shou'd infringe his pre-r oguea/ive, as like
as not, he naaack a bilthy bustle abaUt
it, cry out the church was in denger,
as he do's Sortha loffe of a toitli pig,
and so draw the hole countree to our
Scide, and prevent monny a poor fellho,
from going to the Wash-Hinges (West-
Indies.s
So having meade my kafe knoown to
ye, l arrest my-fell, fur, your varree
umbel Sarvent,
of Remarkable Woait of D 1 v 1 N E
PROVIDENCE.
in his travels,
d ^ ^ under the year 1616, mentions
the following extraordinary instance
of God's wife dispensation to his
creatu^ in the person of one Pickman,
a Tlen^ng . This man, says he, coming
stum Iscosithem in Norway with a vessel
laden veith boards, was overtaken with
^ calm, during which the ctrrtcnt ofthe
I ^ E C E M B E R , I
4 ^
Sea carried him upon a rock or little
island towards the extremities of Scothind
; to avoid a wreek he commanded
fome of his men to go into the shallop,
and to tow off the ship : coming
near the island they saw something
which was more like a ghost than a ^
living person, a body stark naked, black
and hairy, a meagre and deformed
countenance, and hollow and distorted
eyes, he fell on his knees, and joining
his hands together, beggld relief from
them ; which raisld such compassion in
them, that they took him into the
boat : there was in all the island neither
grafs, nor tree, .nor ought whence a
man could derive either fubfrstance of
shelter besides the ruins of a boat.
wherewith he had made a kind of hut
to lie down under. The man gave
this relation of himself, That he was
an Englishman, and that a year ago. or
near it, being to pafs in the ordinary
passage boat from Eng/and to Dublin,
they were taken by a French pyrate,
who being forced by a tempest that
immediately rose, to let go the passage
boat, left us to she mercy of the waves,
which cartied us into the main fea, and
at last fplit the boat upon the rock where
you took me in. I escaped with on^e
more into the island, where we endured
the greatest extremities. Of some of
the boards of our boat we made the hut:
vou saw, we took some fea-mey.a,
which dried in the sun we eat raw : in
the crevices of the rocks on the Sea-fide
we Sound fome eggs, and thus we had
as much as Served to keep usSrom starving
; but our thirst was molt iniupportable,
for having no Sreih water but
what sell from the sky, and was left in
certain pita which time had worn in
the rocks, we could not have it at all
Seasons, for the rock lying low, was
washed over with the waves of the Sea.
We lived in this condition fix week^,
comforting one another in our common
misfortune, till being left alone, it began
to grow insupportable to me ; Sor
one day awaking in the morning, and
miifing my comrade, 1 sell into Sucis
delpair, that l had thoughts of casting
l ^ r s ; • myse^'

myself headlong into the Sea: I know
not what became oShim, whether despair
Sorc'ed him to that extremity, or
that looking for eggs on the steep side
of the rock, he might fall into the Sea.
I lost, with my comrade, the knife
wherewith we killed SeadogS, and the
mews upon which we liv'ct ; So that not
able to kill any more, l was rednc'd to
the extremity oSgetting a nail outoSone
of the boards of my hut, which l made
shift So to sharpen'upon therock, that it
Serv'ed me Sora kniie. The Same necessity
put me upon another invention, which
kept me last winter, during which l labourld
under the greatest milery imaginable;
Sor finding therock and my hut
So cover 'd with Snow, that it was impossible
forme to get any thing abroad, I put
out a little Stick at the crevice of my hut,
and beating it with a little sea-dog's fat,
I bv that means got some Sea-mews,
which l took with my hand from under
the Snow, and so l made a shift to keep
mySels from starving. I livld in this condition
and Solitudeabove eleven months,
and was reSolv'd to end my days in it,
God Sent you hither to deliver me out
of the greatest misery that ever man was
in. The Seaman having ended his discourse,
the master as the ship treatedhiin
So well, that within a few days he was
quite another creature; then Set him ashore
at Derry in Ireland ; Srom whence,
with proper relief. he was Sent to lorden.
Copty of a Letter found amonn- the Papers
of a Clergymad hifely de.eastd.
IdeircO turyis culpa est si doaS res sinretishrmas
vis/at, Anyicitiam & 1 idem •
sram neqra> nlandat qursinam sere, nisi
amice ; neque credit, uist ei, quern sinelem
putret. Tu L L.
fk T a village not Sar Srom B —
S t . in Yorkshire, liv'd the good old
Honoria, and her two daughters, Cldri.rda
and Myrtella; Clarinebn, whom nature
brought first into this hreathing
world, was but Second to her Sifter in
what the world calls beauty • but vet
might very justly claim that modem
stile oS a fine woman : and if her good
sense, virtue, and discretion, were
thrown into the Scale against her sister's
beauties, the more considerate part of
mankind would not be at a loSs to know
on which fide the balance would incline.
Alyrlt'Ha was greatly indebted to
nature for a genteel shape, an eaSy ait,
an exact Symetry of features, and a Sine
skin : and to these a Sprightly disposition,
and ( Setting aside the knowledge
she had oS her own perSections) a tolerable
Share oS good nature.
Honoria, whom Sortune had in Some
measure made independent oS the
world, liv'd handSomely, though not
Splendidly ; could walk to church when
it was dry, and had a coach to carry
her when it rain'd, She Spared no expence
which was thought necessary to
the education s.'i her daughters , and divided
her Savours So impartially betwixt
them, that it would be unjust to
Say She lov'done better than the other
I believe every one will readily allow
that the good old lady could not but he
very happy in this pleasing situation :
she undoubtedly was ; and what made
her still more happy, was—she thought
herself So.
• Sed foilycet ultimo semper
Frsect rrrda dies homenr' , dici^eee beatas
Ante obiterm nemo, stpre ma^reesinera deb.t.
Death only pots us out or fortune s pott'r t
C^ll no mare happy till he is no more.
The stage of life so .•Seen thefts its tcene:
No certain biiSs on this Side heav'n is Seen.
C/eirinrhz, who was two years older
than her sister, had attain 'el the age of
one and twenty, when Valerius, a neighbouring
gentleman, was Seeking for a
wise to share with him a very plentiful
estate; and thought he could no where
suit himSelf better than at ' : He
accordingly made his addresses to the
eldest sister, and, as he was greatly Superior
to her in point of fortune, his amonr
made as quick a progress as decency
would allow, or he hiniself
could desire.
About the Same time the young, the
rich, the Sprightly Beslario made the
Same tenders to Myrti/hs. but in a manner
So disterent, with so becoming a
grace,

orace, and such a natural lively wit,
that, whilst he only strove to pleaSe his
^rtisla, he insensibly stole away the
heart of her sister.
Valerius, who was in love even to
distraction, foon perceived that instead
oS gaining ground, his company became
irksome and disagreeable ; yet
could he not So much as gueSs at the
rival who had Supplanted him in his
mistress's esteem. Be/hrrio was So taken
up with his Myrlilin, that he very
Seldom could afford Cldrindr even a
look ; and when he did, it was only
to make ndious comparisons.
I Hatter mv Self that l shall be credited,
if l say Myrtisla could not fee a lofet,
every way fo formidable as Bella -
rio was, at her feet, without a very
Sensible emotion. Perhaps Some Anthitheican
will allow me no more than
this ; it indulg*d her vanity, and flatt^r'd
her ambition. But it must be a
very cold reafoaret, unexperienced in the
Scorching flames of love, who will allow
no more. I fay she lov'dhim, and
almost ador'd him. He never enter'd
the room, even tho' expected, without
causing a blush to paint the glowing
cheeks of his enamour'd mistress : she
trembled whenever he approach'^ her :
when he kiss'd her hand, she was all
diSorder t and whenever she saw him
prostrate at her feet, she had fcarce
strength enough to support herself from
falling ; and her saultring voice could
hut justr^ with the greatest difficulty
bring out, Pray, Sir, rise. Was this
vanity ? Was this ambition ^ Few people
can conceive, as no tongue can express
what it is.
At last the wedding day was fixed ;
ard he had free access to his mistress,
expected, or not expected, at any hour
of the day.
Valerias in the mean time experienc'd
^aily that his visits were more and
more disagreeable, and as he lov'd her
with an unparallelled affection, it rendtr'd
him almost distracted. Chrrinda
could not endure the very thoughts of
htm ; she was ready to run mad whene^r
hey mother mention 'd his name to
her, and begg'd of her, if she had net
a mind to be the cause of her death, never
more to admit him into the house.
Honoris was not at a loss to gueSs at
her daughter's conduct, for Sue had often
obt'erv'd her uneasiness whenever
Be//ario entertainld her sister ; but as she
regarded her child's happiness more
than interest, and hoping that when
Belhlrio and her sister were married,
her dashke to Valerius would by degrees
wear of, she promis'd not only to
exclude him, but never more to mention
a name to which she had fo great
an antipathy. She accordingly perform
'd her promise, but found an excufe
to Valerius to desire him for a little
while to refrain from visiting her
daughter, pretending she was sick, or
that fome family affairs rendered it at
prefent inconvenient.
It happen'd that C/arsnds and her
mother were gone one day to take the
air in the coach, (which the old lady
often ufed to do, in hopes of diverting
her daughter's melancholy) when Be/lerio
came according to custom to pay
his devoirs to his enamoretta, and to
talk of their approaching happinels.
He found her at her toilet, setting off
thofe charms which (as he was pleas'cd
to say) added a lustre to the brightest
jewels' As oft as she plae'd her ringlets
in form, he in wanton play put
them again into disorder, overjeoy'd to
fee her put on an artificial frown, that
he might have the pleasing satisfaction
of telling her how ill she acted. One
dalliance produe'd another ; till he had
a thousand times offended and as often
ask'd pardon, and was as often forgiven.
He thought, and fwore he could love
her for ever ; and she, measuring the
excess of his love by her own, fondly
believ'd him. The very few days that
were between them and matrimony
made them consider themselves as mat
and wife. The very few days that
were between them and matrimony
impos'd upon her credulity, and tuin'd
them both. In short she left nothing
for him to ask or herself to give.
After

^ M A G A ^ t ^ F . ^ M A G A ^ l ^ F
Aster a most Solemn assurance os his
inviolable attachment to her, he leSt
her, nor did she see him again Sor nine
days aster : on the tenth he came, and
alk'd for Ciarindi. She was at breakfast
with her inother and Sifter, but aroSe
directly and went out to him.
Five minutes had not inserven'd before
she returii'd with her hand leckld fast
in BeHetrio's, who Spoke to Honoria atter
this manner. < Yesterday, in atlaan,
^ made me and Chlrinld one t forgive
< me iSl have deoiie lhat without your
^ consent, which I know I could not
• have done with. On mv knees let
< me beg your blessing for the inestima-
• lie Ciariade, your daughter, and my
- wife.
I will not pretend to deScribe the Surprise
oS the gnd mother, muCli leSs the
terrible shock which the poor deluded
Alyrtida received : let it Suffice to Say
fire Sainted, and was carried to bed,
whence she never more arose, but in abunt
five days afterwards expir'd in the
mailt dreadful ageonies, with the name
as Beitanio the false, the perjut'd Beisanio,
in her dying mouth.
Nor was this the only fad catastrophe
which attended that action : Valerius as
sum as ever Churinalds nuptials with
Be/larro became publick, sent him a
challenge: It was accepted ; they met;
and Valerius receiv'd a wound in his
lest breast, of which he died upon the
Spot, The conqueror was oblig'el to
sty, and has lest his wife without the
least hopes oS Seeing him again ; and
Honoria is So extremely emaciated with
grieving, that in all probability she
v ill in a little lime be S'ree Srom all the
tares of this life; and she wishes Sor
nesthing more than to Sollow her dear,
her deluded, and murder'cl daughter.
.Nctti Method of extracting Lightening
from the Clonals, by It, Franklin,
Philodeiplin, Oct. 19| 1752,
A ^ Srequeni mention is made in the
f t news papers Srom Europel oS the
fuccefs of the Phihrdeiphia experiment
for drawing the electric fire from clouds
by means of pointed rods of iron erected
on high buildingS| &e. it may he
agreeable to inform the curious that the
same experiment has succeeded in Philndesphia,
tho' made in a different and
more eafy manner, which is as follows :
Macs a fmall cross of two light
strip of cedar, the aims so long as to
reach to the four coiners of a large thin
silk handkerchief when extended ; tie
the corners of the handkerchief to lie
extremities of the cross, So you have the
body of a kite ; which being properly
accommodated with a tail, loop, and
String, will rise in the ait, like thole
made of paper ; but this being of sak
is sister to bear the wind and wet ol a
thunder gust without tearing. To tl,e
top of the upright stick of the cross is
to be fixed a very sharp pointed wire,
rising to a Soot or more above the wood.
To the end of the twine, next the hand,
is to be ty'd a silk iibbon, and v.here
the silk and twine join, a key may se
fastened. This kite is to be raised when
a thunder gust appears to be coming
on, and the person who hodds the string
must stand within a door, or window,
or under some cover, so that the sick
r.bbon may not be wet ; and care must
be taken that the twine does not touch
the frame os the door or window. As
soon as any of the thunder clouds come
over the kite, the pointed wire will
draw the electric fire from them, and
the kite, with all the twine, will lit
electrified, and the loofc filaments of
the twine will stand out every way, and
be attracted by an approaching finger.
And when the rain has wet the kise
and twine, so that it can conduct the
electric fire freely, you wsll find it
stream out plentifully from the key en
the approach of yourknuckle At this
key she phial may he charged ; and
from electric fire thus obtained, fpind
may he kindled, and all the other elec^
trie experiments be performed, which
are uSually done by the help of a r^
bed glass globe or tUhe ; arid thereby
the Sameness of the elects ic matter with
that os lightning complexly demonstrated.
B F
Eor^S

^ r E C E B E R) ^
Bounty Oii C o a si defended
Gentlemen,
A S the bounty on corn is fo badly
fa^ paid, and as Some have wrote,
and itany of the great manufactures and
Small meclianicks argue for its being
taken off.in hopes that preoviSiorts would
he cheaper ; and as frame have wrote
on the necessity oSits being continued,
and better paid ; to prevent the ruin of
the farmer. and the great decay oS the
shipping ; I desire to throw in my mite,
especially since there is one argument
which l have not Seen touched on, and
in yvliich an able pen may Say a great
deal : /t is this, the more corn we grow,
the more eattle we keep, Sor by the improvement
oSthc poor waste lands, we
raile turnips, and Sorced grasses, by
which, With the straw arising Srorn
the corn, we are able Srora the est of
October to the last of April to graze an
ox. Now. Sit, iS the bounty be taken
off, or not heater paid, the Sarmer cannot
make these improvements, and the
waste lands must ceame to be uSeless again.
So that Norfo^ and Suffo/k will
not be able to graae so many bullocks
by above 2o,ooo in the veat, besides abandance
as sheep ; nor keep So many
milch cows as now ; besides tire breed
as Swine must decrease. Then the
consequence must be, that Scotland and
our northern counties mult want a
market Sor their lean cattle, and London
and the rest oS the kingdom Soon
find the want oS s he Sat berf, mutton,
seal, and pork, butter and cheese, &c.
lint if this will make provisions come
cheaper to the manufactory, l ana inistaken
; besides we shall Soon be sensible
of the want of tbe bides and skins
far leather, and the tallow for soap and
candle.
Hopton, near Nor- Yours, &c.
wich, A^ov. 13. WM Cor P l NC
Objections against the Bounty fisher an-
Gentlemen,
Swired
the objections against the
I exportation as Com are ex-
tremely well answered yet I hope
tire following may be admitted as
a supplement. Yours, &c. T. Y.
THE objector lays, that the buunty
reduces the price of our coin abroad
one twelfth, and inters that therefore
we give to Soreigners one twelfth of the
labour of growing it, and of the rent of
thofe lands from which it is produced ;
But not to enquire from what data such
a computation is made, l anfwer :
The price of corn both abroad and
at home depend upon the quantity
brought to the market ; if the market
is overstocked the price will be low.
and vice versa, the bounty therefore enables
us to fell as cheap -as others at
a foreign market, though it be purchased
of the grower at a high pricet But if
this bounty was to be taker, off, as the
export of corn would diminish, one of
these two consequences must follow ;
either our own market would be overstocked,
and consequently the price
would fall fo low as that theexpenceof
the tillage would exceed the value of
the crop, orelfe a less quantity must be
produced, which would render land of
Iefs value, sor at preSent there is (commute
rhuo anniss ten times as much coir.
produced by litis nation as it cotisumea.
ISit be reply *d, that lands uied in tillage
may then be laid down in grata,
Still the value of land will be dimiriiahed.
for grass will be proportaonably cheaper
as the quantity is increased, besides
that, the poor will perish for want as
employment, lor i oo acres of ploughed
land employs a greater number of hands
than i00o acres of grass.
But, fays the objector, though the
bounty on corn keeps up its price, it
proportionably encreafes the priee as
labour, and therefore is extremely detrimental,
not to a parlicular class, but
to trade in general, and by trade this
nation subsists.
This assertion is founded on a statute
made in the time of E/inaheth, by
which the wages of servants were proportioned
to the price of bread ; this
act is stall in force- but the execution of

^'d M A G A Z I N E ^ A G A ^ I ^ E
it is known to be impossible, and whoever
has attended to the statute for hiring
Servants, must have observed that
when com is dear theSe candidates for
employment are many, and when it is
cheap they are lew ; nor is it difficult
to assign the reason, for wheat corn is
cheap they can gain by the labour of
threedaysas much as will maintain them
in idlcateSs six, but when it is dear, they
must engage for Such labour as will employ
them the wlicsle week, or Suffer the
want as the necessaries of life— And
the experience of the masters in the
woollen manufactory universally confirms
the truth us this observation.
Upon the whole therefore, l think, as
corn exported is paid Sor in money, and
thereby extracts a large quantity Srom
foreign nations, and the exportation
employs a vast numberofSailors, which
will be ready on any urgent occasion to
insist our royal navy> that the land-owners,
merchants, farmers, ship artists, &c.
should petition our prudent and wise
legislature, not only that the bounty
may be continued, but that it may for
the suture be punctually paid ; because
the irregularity as the payment produces
great loss to the farmer, for the
merchant will deduct near io per cent.
lsaat as the prices of corn as he must give
the fame discount out of his debentures
Sor prompt payment.
The Llse and Beign of Vine. William
Ill. continued Srom p (43 1 .)
'^'N this critical juncture nothing was^
^ more ceonSoicuous than the wisdom
and conduct of the Prince of Orange
D'sy -a ore visible than the fatal Security
of ^ing Stmes and his popish council.
For his Highoess, notwithstanding the
fdliciratiuons receivld from England,
back'd by several protestant Princes, to
prevent the toral ruin as England, on
which that of all Europe inevitably depended,
he engaged the States to make
ex'raordinarv preparations towards the
fitting out asafleet, and to take seve-
ral foreign regiments into their Service.
In the mean time he Secured Such alliances
in Germany, as might not only
countenance his undertaking, but at the
Same time cut off King James Srom all
foreign succours. To deprive him of
the assistance of sipain and of the house
of Austria, and of France also, the
Prince of Orange causld the Dutch to
enter, and enter'd himself into the
league of Augsburg against France, thereby
to bring all the forces of the confederates
upon that monarch, and keep
him in play, in cafe he should attempt
to cross his intended expedition, hy
turning his arms against Hohand. Gn
the other hand, he represented to she
houfe of Austria the ambitious designs
of the French King, and how easily he
might make himself universal monarch,
if he were supported by that crown,
which for these five hundred years past
had held the balance of Europe ; adding,
that 'twas not the advancement of she
Romish religion which the King of
France had in view, but rather the aggrandizing
of his eneroaching power ;
since at the fame time that he persecuted
his protestant Subjests, and favour 'd the
growth of popery in England, he countenanced
Count Tekeli, and had madtta
Secret alliance with the Turks. The
Emperor and the Kang as Spain were
too clearsighted not to enter into thcSe
reasons ; and the rather, hecause the
endeavours of their minsters to bring
King James into the Gorman leag^
against France had prov'd ineffectual.
/among the rest, Don Pcdeo de Ronqudo,
the Spanish ambassador, made use ot
the most prevailing arguments he cousl
think of to engage ham to break wish
France; assuring him, that nothing
could endear him more to his protestant
Subjects, nor more powerfully incline his
parliament to grant eaSe to the Rosnae
catholicks; but his majesty was already
So strongly united with France, that
be answered the Spanish ambassador very
unsatisfactorily. The courts ol Vienna
and Aladeld Saw the tendency oS
this answer, which diSposld both ^
Emperor and bis Catholic hlajesly ^
heatkest

Arisen to the proposals that were made
them by the Prince of Orange, not only
against Lewis, but likewise against
the tving of Ensinnd
That we may have a just idea of
tile greatneSs and boldness of the Prirce
^ Orange's undertaking, 'tis necessity
to Set before our eyes the condition the
nrinci rtal states oS Europe were in at that
siiue. The Emperor was still engag'd
iii a war with the Turks, which, tho'
successfully carried on of late years, had
nevertheless almost exhausted his coffers.
^aiv was a consumptive budy, rhat
wanted spirits to keep up her lingering
vitals, much more to revive and suppat
her distant parts, a5 sufficiently
atopear'd by the loss of Lrrxemhurg.
france, on the contrary, Was in a vigorous
state of health, abounding in
riches, and wantoning in an extended
ahsalate power, maintain 'd by a full
rtchequet, numerotls armies, and experienced
generals. Hohand was indeed
nourishing, but the peace she enjoy 'd
^tas precarious; and tho' in a condition
not to fear her neighbours, fo long as
her forces were united yet she could
not Spare fo many of her troops as
svere requisite for the Prince's expedition,
without leaving herself very much
etpos'd. On the other hand, the disputes
between the imperial and French
ministers, about the latter's fortifying
of Traerbezck, foreboded no good to the
empire; and the death of the archbi-
Hing of Coleyn, which happened this
^eat, manifestly tended to an open rupture.
Prince Clement of Bavaria, brother
to the elector of that name, and
one of the two candidates, being supported
by the Emperor; and his competitor,
the cardinal as Firestemburg, by
the crown os France. In this nice juncture
of affairs, the Prince of Orange
fitm'd his grand design ; and, under
pretence of the business of Colegn,
assisted at an interview and long conference
held at Minden in Westphalin,
^een the Electors of Saxony and
^•eindnburg, the Landgrave of Hesscand
the Princes of the house of
^enhurg, wherein measures were con-
^s,. IV.
F C F M B ^ R, 1 7 ^ .
certed both to restore Engldndto its ancrent
liberties, and to set bounds to the
growing power of France.
The Prince of Orange, finding by
this time a general concurrence in the
English nation to savour his design,
prefs'd vigorously the equipping of" a
numerous fleet, which alarmed France
and t he Eng/ish ambassador at Paris ;
but their informations were discredited
by the English council ; who, as if God
had given them up to a reprobate sense
and referved them for an example of
his justice, would peat hearken to the
repeated intelligences sent from that
quartet, till providence had put it out
of their power to prevent the success of
the nation's deliverer from their oppressions.
Nor was there the least step
taken in their own defence, till the
States, being demanded by the British
ambassador at the Hague, the reason
of their great warlike preparations at
sea, reply'd, that they armed in imitation
of his Britannic majesty, and might
with more reason demand an eclarifment
about the alliances ( i. e. with
France, &c. ) he was lately entered into.
Such an answer open'd their eyes;
and all methods were immediately concerted
to provide against an invasion.
But in vain. And on the other side,
the Prince of Orange embark'd troops
with extraordinary diligence; and, to
justify his undertaking to the whole
world, he publilh'el a declaration on
the 3othof September, divided into Six
and twenty articles, which may he rcdue'd
to three principal heads.
The first containd an enumeration
of the grievances of the English nation;
particularly his majesty's arrogating to
lumfelf a dispensing power ; his advancing
papists to civil, ecclesiastical
and military employments, and allowing
them to Sit in the privy-council ;
his setting up an illegal commission for
ecclesiastical affairs, by which not only
the bishop of Lenden was Suspended,
but toe president and Seilows of Magdirlen
college arbitrarily turned out of
their Sreeholds ; bis allowing popish
monasteries and colleges os Jesuits to be
S f created

cacated ; by turning out of publick gion ; they had endeavour*d, under the
employments all such as would not con- pretence of liberty of confcience, first
cur with his majesty in the repeal of to Sow divisions between thoSe of the
the test and penal laws ; his invading church of England and dissenters, with
the privileges, and Seising on the char- design to engage protestants in mutual
ten of most corporations, and placing quarrellings, that fo fotne advantages
popish magistrates in fome of them ; might be given to them to bring about
his Subjecting the courts of judicature their designs, both in elections of meanto
his arbitrary power, and putting the bers of parliament, and afterwards in
administration of justice into the hands the parliament itself : That they had
of papists ; his not only arming the poi- also made such regulations as they
prists, in contempt of the laws, but thought necessary, for securing all the
likewise raising them up to the great- members that were to be choSen by the
est military trust, both by sea and land, corporations, bv wiaich means tlaey
Irish as well as Eng/ish, that he might hesp*d to avoid the punishment they
be in a capacity to enslave the nation ; had deservld : That there were great
his putting the whole government of and violent presumptions, inducing his
Ireland into the hands of papists ; his Highness to believe, that those evil
assuming an abfoluteand arbitrary pow- counfellors had publish*d, that the
er in the kingdom of Scothind, from Screen had brought forth a sun ; tho*
which it was apparent what was to be there had appear'd many just and vifilaieik*d
for in England. '* ble grounds of suspicion, that the pre-
Secondly, lbs Highness alledg'd, tended Prince of Wales was not horn
" That thofe great oppressions, and the of the Screen ; and tho' many bath
eapen contempt of all law, had made doubted of the (Queen's bigness, and ol
the Subjects look after such remedies as the birth of the child, yet there was
arc alloW'd of in all nations, all which not one thing done to satisfy thern :
bad been without effect ; his majesty's That since the Princess and himSelf
counsellors having endeavoured to make had lo great an interest in this matter,
people apprehend the loSs of their lives, and such a right to the Succession of
liberties, honours and estates, if shty the croyvn ; since all the English did in
should go about to preserve themselves the year t672, when Holland was infrom
this oppression by petitions and re- vaded with a most unjust war, use their
presentations ; that a peer of the realm utmost endeavours to put an end to that
was treated as a criminal, only because war, in opposition to thole who were
he said, Shat the subjects were not bound then in the government ; since the Errgto
ohry the orders of a popish jestice of lish nation had ever testified a most parpeace
; that both he and his consort lire ticular affection both to his HighneS's's
Princess, had endeavour'd to signify dearest consort and to himieiS; he could
with terms Sull of refpect to the King, not excuse himself from espousing that
the just and deep regret which all these interest, and contributing all that in
proceedings had given them ; but that him lay for the maintaining both of
these evil counsellors had put Such ill the protestant religion, andoSthela^s
constructions on their geood intentions, and liberties oS these kingdoms; to the
that they had endeavour'd to alienate doing oS which, his HighneSs was Soilithe
King Srom them : That the last cited by a great many Lords, both Spiand
great remedy for all theSe evils, ritual and temporal, and by many
was the calling of a parliament, which gentlemen and other Subjects of ail
could not yet be Compafs'd , Sor those ranks.
men apprehending, that a lawful par- Lastly, His Highness declared, That
diament would bring them to account fear the Sorementionld reaSons he has
for all their open violations of law, and thought fit to go over to England, and
conspiracies against the protest^; reli- to s^rry with hint a force sufficient to
delend

I ^ F C F M B F R ,
defend him Srom the violence oS thoSe
evil counSellors; that his expedition
v.'as intended Sor no other design but
to have a free parliament assembled as
Soon as it was pcdlible ; and that, in
cader to this, all the late charters should
he considered as null, and oS no force :
That to this parliament he would refer
the enquiry into the birth oS the prereaded
Prince of Wales, and of all
things relating to the right of fuccessioa
t That he would concur in every
thing that might procure the peace and
happanefs of the nation, tinder a just
and legal government : That he would
keep the forces under his command to
all the strictness os martial discipline ;
and that he would fend back all those
foreign forces as soon as the state of
the nation would admit of it : That
therefore he invited all persons whatsb.
ever to come and assist him, in order to
the executing of his design : That he
would take care that a parliament should
be called in Scotland, Sor the restoring
the ancient constitution oS that kingdom
t That he would alSo study to
bring the kingdom of Ireland to such a
state, that the Settlement there might
be religiously obServed. and that the
protestant and British interest there
might he Secured : and concluded,
That he would endeavour, by all possible
means, to procure Such an establishment
throughout all the three kingdoms,
that they might all live in a
happy union and correspondence together
; and that the protestant religion,
and the peace, honour and happiness of
these nations, might be established upr
on lasting foundations.
This declaration was ready to be
Sent over to Enghznd, with another to
tire same purpose forScotldnd when his
highness, being informed that King
James, by granting most of the bishops
demands, had taken measures to render
it ineffectual : wherefore he caused
the following addition to be made to
it.
" After we had prepared and printed
our declaration, we have understood
that the Subverted os the religion and
laws of thefe kingdoms, hearing of our
preparations to assist the people against
them, have begun to retract some of
the arbitrary powers that they had assumed,
and to vacate some of their unjust
judgments and decrees. The
sense of their guilt, and the distrust of
their force, have induced them to offer
to the city of London some seeming relief
from their great oppressions, hoping
thereby to quiet the people, and
to divert them from demanding a reestablishment
of their religion and laws
under the shelter of our arms. They
did also give out, that we do intend to
conquer and enslave the nation : and
therefore it is we have thought fit to
add a sew words to our declaration.
We are confident that no persons can
have such hard thoughts of us, as to
imagine we have any other design than
to procure a settlement of the religion,
liberties, and properties of the subjects
upon so sure a foundation, that there
may be no danger of the nations, relapsing
into the like miseries at any time
hereafter. And as the forces we have
brought along with us are utterly dif,proportioned
to that wicked design of
conquering the nation, if we were capable
of intending it ; so the great numbers
of the principal nobility and gentry,
that are men of eminent quality
and estates, and persons of known integrity
and zeal, both for the religion
and government of England, who do
both accompany us in this expedition,
and have earnestly follicited us to it,
will cover us from all such malicious
insinuations : for it is not to be imagin'd,
that either those wbo have invited
us, or those who ate already come
to assist us, can join in a wicked attempt
of conquest, to make void their
own lawful titles to their honours,
estates and interests.
We are also confident, that all men
see how little weight there is to be laid
on all engagements that can be now
made, since there has been fo little regard
had in the time past to the most
Solemn promises. And as that imperfect
tedrefs that is now offered is a plain
^ f f ^ coblesssu^

confession of these violences ^hat we
have Set forth; fo the defectiveness of
it is no less apparent i for they lay
down nothing which they may ^ake up
a: pleasure, and they reserve entire,
and not fo much as mentioned, their
Claims and pretences to an arbitrary
power, which has been the root of all
their oppression, and of the total subversion
of the government. And it is
plain, that there can be no redress, no
Remedy offered, but in parliament, by
a declaration of the rights os the Subjects
that have been invaded, and not
by any pretended acts of grace, to
which the extremity oS their affairs has
driven them. Therefore is is that ^c
have thought Sit to declare, that we
will refer all to a free assembly of this
nation in parliament.*'
^To be continued.]
^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^s eS-s e^ e^r a^s
ACopy of the Earl of Rochester's letter
to Dr. T. Pierce. Presslent ofMagclaleai
College Oxon, and asecttearde
Dean of Sarum.
of Y indifpofition renders my intel-
S r I iectuals almost as seeine as my
person ; but Considering th^ candour
and extreme char ty your natural spildness
hath always shewed nsc, I am alsure.clut
once both of a favourable construction
os my present lines, which can
lout Saintly express the Sorrowful character
of an humble andaffiicrcd mind ;
and also those great comforts your inexhaustible
goodness learning ^nd piety,
plehtconsly afford to the drooping Spirits
of poor linnets, So that l may truly
say, Holy Mats 1 I'o you l owe what
consolation 1 e.njoy an urging Gcod*s
mercies against defpait, and holding
toe up under she weight oS those high
add mountainous fins my wicked and
tsngrve triable rise hath heaped upon me.
IS Gad shall be pleated to spare me a
little longer here, I have unalterably
ruselyed to become a new man ; a to
•wash out the Stains oS my lewd courses
vetch my that's, i^nd weep over the profane
and unhallowed abominations of
my forager doings ; that the world may
See how I loath sii^, and abhor the very
remembrance of those tainted and unclean
joys I opee delighted in ; theSe
being as the apostle tells us, the things
whereof 1 am now astamed a or it it he
his great pleasure now so put a period
to my days that he will accept of my
last gafp, that the fmokeof my deathbed
offering may not be onsavory to
his nostrils, and drive me like Cain stum
before his presence. Pray for me,
dear doctor ! and all you that forget
not Gad, pray for me fervently 1 take
heaven by force, and let me enter with
you in disguise ; for 1 dare not appear
before the dread majesty of that holy
one l have fo often ultonded. Warn
all my friends and companions So a
true and sincere repentance to day,
while it is called to day, before the evil
day Conae, and they be no no cue. let
t aem know that sin is like the angels
book in the revelations, it is Sweet in
the mouth, but bitter in the belly. Let
them know that Gad will not be mocked
; that he ss an Holy God, and will
be Served in holineSs and purity, that
requires the whole man and the early
man : bid them make haste, for tl.e
night cometh when no man can work.
Osa 1 that they were wise, that they
would consider this, and not wish me,
with wretched me, delay it ^rrtil their
latter end. Pray, dear Sit, continually
pray ion your poor friend
Facers Lodge in as
• The Rev- Mr. Birch, (in his life of
Tallin, jraSf pub ashed, in Octavo.) Says,
Thac rhe death of Jobn ^ilmrai,' Is. of S^deSter,
happened at this place on July ae^, ie^o,
preceded by a repentance equally remarkable
with the unexampled profligacy of his conduct
and principles; and that a^Sr. lytelser having
on this occasion Sent a letter to that prelate,
aheat Dean of Canterbury, he wrote ua
aufwer, dated Au^. a, in which are the sollow
ing passages : • 1 am Sorry that an exanac
pie which ryaight have been of fo much rate
. tea the world is taken from us. Baat God
a had pity on him, and would not venture ham
s again in lraela circumstances of temptatrcan
a as were, perhaps, too hard sor ku.aoaa fraila
fy.'— Oro she lame oc^ataa the Dean eater
• ^ .-a .. -• - - ^

J^r I ^ F C F M B F R , ^ ^
ed in his pocket-book, among others, the sollasting
remarks :
• Bad men are infidels se deseasdendo. When
• the affection to our lusts ingone, the otjec-
• tions against religion vanish of themfelves.
• The greatest instance any age hath afford-
• ed : not for his own Sake, as St. Paul was
< not. w ho yet was no enemy to Gnd and re-
• ligion. but by mistake. 1 cannot think, .
• but that it was intended for some greater
• good to others.
• Atheifm and infidelity do not bind up
• the See ses of men Strongly enough, but
• they may be awakened by the apprehenSeon
• of death, or some greater calamity coming
• upon them.'
'S he Dean. in his Sermon on the difficulty of
reforming vicious habits, is Supposed to allude
to this nobleman, ' Esen in this porverSe and
c degenerate age, in which we live, God hath
• neat hern wanting to give Some miraculous
• ierSSarees of his grace and mercy to Sinners,
• and theSe perhaps equal to any of those we
• meet with in scripture, of Manesses or Mary
• Mgdalne, or the penitent, both for the
• greatnefs of the offenders, and the miracle
• of their change. to the end that none may
• deSpair, and sor want of the encouragement
• of an example equal to their own case, be
• disheartened from so noble au enterprise. I
• am loth to put you in mind how bad Some
• have been, who yet have been suateed as
• Sir brands oat of the pre, and that in SO
' Strange a manner, that it would even amaze
• a man to think of' the wonder of their re-
• oovery. Those, who have Sunk themselve
• into the very depth of infidelity and wiek-
• ednefs, have by a mighty hand and or it.
• stretched arm of God been pluckt out of
' this horrible pit'
Debate on the cause of the Aurora Bore.
alls staled.
Mr. Hrban,
OUR readers have been enter.
tairial in Some oS your late Magazines,
on the Subject oS the Aurora
Borealis; and as the matter has not
confessedly been consider'd So accurately
(see Vol. Ill. p. 5ol.S and maturely as
it deServes (p. 41,) l was not without
hopes that it would have been canvassed
a little Sarther, in order to elucidate
the cause oS a phenomenon, that
has hitherto baffled the attempt oS the
learned. But as two Mags have passed
without any thing on the subject, and
as I think enough has not been said to
establish, or overthrow either the one,
or the other of the two hypotheses that
have been given us, l beg leave, as an
indifferent person, to offer my thoughts
on the Subject.
I shall begin with the latter hypothesis,
signal Sunelerlandensts. This, it must
be ownal, is plausible, and l am inclin'd
to wish it were true. It is certainly
Sashionable with regard to the
philoSophy in vogue, which escribes
every thing to electricity; and this may
gain it the more Savourablc reception.
But l want to be reSolved in a sew queries,
beSore I can Subscribe to it.
l . If the matter of the Aurora Borealis
he the same with that of lightning.
or e/ee^ric fire, deiven towards the poles
by the diurna/ rotation of the earth, and
is therefore most conspicuous near the pohzr
regions, why is it not Seen in all inland
countries, in the Same northern latitude
with thofe that border on the northern
and western ocean, where it is Seen ?
I might add, why not in all countries
on this side the line, to which the north
pole is visible ^
z. Why should the rotation of the
earth cause this matter to flow towards
the poles, rather than to fly off in tangents
from theglohe in all parts, which
is the more natural motion, and, I believe,
more agreeable to the ex perimenss
made on the electrical globe ?
However.
3. If this continual flux towards the
poles be caused by the diurnal rotasion
it ought to be equal on all Sides ; I
mean that it should flow equally from
all parts of the earth's circumference
towards the fuppoSed center oS its mo.
tion. I therefore ask, why in this cafe
thefe lights are not Seen on the South
Side of the hotizon, as well as the
north ? and why are they in a manner
entirely confined to the northern quarters
of the heavens, and Seldom iS eves.
extended to the Southern regions ?
4- How is the alternate attraction
and repulsion oS leaf geild, and other
light bodses, by electrical tubes a proof
that the electric fire has the property
of attracting and repelling itlesi^ And
how then does thrs account tor ali the
/tisery

fusery motions, literal shiptings, and cor- in the vast expanfe ; and it may be
ouscations of the streams or columns of the presumed, it happens more or less so
Anrera Borealis? TheSe are difficulties in other appearances of this phenome-
which this hypothesis Seem to labour non.
tinder.
But Sene.v says, ' The Aurora Bore-
1 shall now proceed to examine the alis in 17 i 6 could not be occasional by
objections advanced by Senex, p. 4s. any such reflection ; for it appear'd in
against the hypothesis which first ap- the evening when the fun was very near
pearal, ascribing the Aurora Borealis the west ; that it appearal in the north-
to the reflection of the Sunbeams by the east ; at first close down to the hori-
sea. And first 1 obServc, in genezon, and afterwards rofe up higher,'
ral that these objections teem to be Now these are every one cicumstunces
level I'd, not So much against the hypo- that ought to have happened according
thesis itself; as the reasons given to Sup- to this supposition, and really tend to
port it. • Ycour correspondent Seems confirm, rather than overthrow it.
^ not to give the best reason ; supposing What seems to have the greatest ap-
' he had hit on the true cause, &c.' pearance of ail objection is, ' That the
bo that the caule may be the true one, undulating streams of light, or as he
notwithstanding the reasons brought to ' corrects himfelf, rather flashes front
Support it prove insufficient. But, to • them, flew from north east to southconsider
the objections themfelves. ' wast, which is very near retrograde
First beSays, • If the Aurora Borealis • to what they mult have done, is that
^ be occasional by an earthquake, it • had been the cause.' But these flashes
< can never appear but at such times prove nothing but the force with which
< as earthquakes happen.* It is true, the reflected rays darted upon the op-
the Supposition on which this hypothesis posite parts of the heavens, which caus-
is grounded, is, that this phenomenon ed the emission of thole corruseations.
is generally produced by earthquakes But the capital argument is to follow.
or other lesser shock5 happening in, or —He fays, • That the Aurora Borealis
communicated to the ocean t but I con- • of I7i6 could never have risen upceive
that an earthquake is not always • wards, as it did from the horizon, is
necessary to produce it, and that it is ' it had been (from) a reflection os
possible it may happen, when the sea is ' the fun upon the sea, hecausc as the
in its ordinary state, provided the air • fun fell farther and farther beneash
be in a proper disposition to assist it. ' our horizon, the angle of reflection
He farther fays, our atmofphere must ' would have been greater, (lie should
be dense to catch the undulating light • have said less) and would have cast
which causes the phenomena, as, he ' the light farther and farther off (by
Says, it always is when any Aurora ' which I fuppofe he means lower
borealis happens. Now Dr. Ha/ly has • down towards the horizon) fo that it
observed the direct contrary, < That a < would foon have vanished.'
a ferene aaid calm sky is one of the This argument, tho' he thinks it de-
< circumstances attending the Aurora monstrable, yet, upon a re-conSi-
• Borealis. Aiid, he lays, moreover, deration of it, I helieve he will find it to
< that she Iky vvas more than ordinary be grounded on a fallacy. For it Sup-
• pure and limpid, tho* towards the poses a fixt point of incidence of the
• northern parts, black, in that of 17 l 6.' Sun's rays, which being invariably the
sin Phil. Tract.' Sir that year. Now fame, in that cafe the gradual recess of
this limpid state of lire an in general the fun would undoubtedly caufe that
was very favourable to tranfrnit the re- which he calls the angle of reflection
flected rays, while the blackness towards from that, or any given point, to he m
the northern parts was no less so to proportion gradually larger, but the
cutub them, and prevent their being lost real angle of reflection to be less, So. as
to

J^rr F. C F M B FR, ^ f ^
to produce the effect he afcribes to it.
Bur as we may Suppese a point of incidence
receding backwards with the
Sun, so we must Suppose the angle of
reflection to continue still in the Same
degree oS proportion, and the effect oS
it he quite contrary to what he imagines.
For the lights to keep pace avitb
the receSs of the point of reflection, must
be continually shifting with it, and
therefore rising in the contrary direction
Srom the horizon teowards the zenith,
agreeably to his own description of the
Aurerra Borealis os t7i6.
Tho' Senex he hitherto unfortunate
in the choice oS his arguments, yet his
own authority, exclusive oS Mr. Whist.
ton's, were more than Sufficient to outweigh
the observations oS /V. W.'s
childhond, on a circumstance attending
the ecli^ se of i 7 i 5 . However this does
not affect the main question, being only
introduced as an illustration of it.
Nor am l very sure whether they both
mean the fame appearance, as they
differ in their descriptions oS it, as
much as in the time aligned Sor it. I
have looked into Dr. Ha/ey's account of
thateclipSe, but cannot find that either
he, or anv of thofe learned gentlemen,
vvhose observations he has published,
teook any notice of either light or shade
skimming the earth during the immersion,
nor yet either before or after it :
but some of his obfervations don't seem
to tally with Senex's defcription of it
For Dr. Haley says, < that the fun's
' light was extinguished at once, and
' the emersion was such that it came
< out in an instant, with fir much lustre
' that it surprised the beholders, and in a
' moment restored the day, insomuch
' that his eye could not endere the fplen-
' dor of the emerging heams in the
' telefcope from the first moment, which
' was very manifest, and noted by e-
^ very one.' Phil. Tr tnf No. 343.
Now this instantaneous darkning of
the fun, and its instantaneous bursting
out again in its foil lustre, seem not to
lrsve admitted any faint light or shade
to appear on the fursace os the earth,
either before, or after total darkness^
efpecially as the fun's brightness must
have quite overpowered it. With regard
to the moon's atmofphere, the Dr.
obferves, ' that a luminous ring difco-
• ye red itfelf round the moon a few
• Seconds before the fun was all hid.
' which Ire thought was the moon's
• atmc Iphere, but was not coofdeut of
< it—that the light of this ring was not
< acceptable of effacing the lustre of
• the stars, for it was vastly inferior to
< that of the full moon, and so weak
• that he did not ouserve it cast a shade.'
ibid Now this does not i'eem to agree
with what Senex obferves from
Mr. Wbiston, concerning the shadow of
the moon's atmosphere, which 1 leave him
to reconcile or refute.
I have no remembrance, nor account.
by me of the Aurora Borealis in i-a6.
but admitting it was, as Senex defcriber
it, almost an universal one, l will not
fay, efpecially if it happened pretty
early in the evening, that the lea could
not have reflected its light in such a
manner as to have produced it. The
convex figure, of the earth Served to
disperse the rays that Sell on the watery
parts oS it, and the concavity of the
heavens might collect them again, and
form them into thofe < luminous streams
' which shot their undulating light to a
< center near the zenith.'
It is difficult for us to fay what reflections
and refractions the atmosphere,
as well as sea, might help to form towards
producing thofe various appearances
and modifications of light, which
this phenomena sometimes exhibits,
from whatever caufe it doth proceed
It certainly illustrates that beautiful
passage in the book of Job, and shews
the justness of the comparison contained
in it, at the Same time that it checks
our confidence, when we reason about
the wondeous works of God—Dcst then
know when Goddisposca/ them, and caused
the /irht of his Ciou.ito shine? Dostthot.
know the balancings ofthecioude, lhesw cndrous
works of him which is perfect in
knowledge ? Heist thou wish him spread
out the shy, which is strong (or as Capelreads^
whi.h is s "mooted and poast ndi

^ d ^ A G A ^ l ^ E ^ MAGA^*F8,
AS A MOLTEN L OCX I N G G L ASS t Job
XXxVii- 15, &C.
The greatest objection that I can
frame to this hypothesis is, that thefe
lights Sometimes appear after midnight,
when the fun is on the opposite side of
the globe. But, perhaps, it Will be answered
to thisl that as Sor one half of
the year it constantly Shines on our polar
regions, it might find water enough
there to reflect its rays into our horizon,
which the coenptessed figure oS the earth
at the poles the better admits of And
hence, I presume, it is that thefe sights
are Said to be Seen almost all nightlong,
in countries bordering on thoSe regions ;
and iS they appear then towards the S.
W. and when the Sun is on this fide the
line, it will help to confirm this hypothesis.
But before it can be sully established,
Supposing it true, suture observations
will be necessary, as they will
be likewise of use to confute it, if erroneous,
and therefore I doubt not but
curious observers will he attentive to
catch every appearance of this phenomenon.
I saw a Small one on Saturday
the i 4th of last October, a little before
eight at night, which appeared in a few
upright and pretty steady pillars, or
fleams of sight, near the horizon, on
the north side of it.
IS gentlemen would be exact in their
observations, and mark particularly the
time of night, and part of the heavens
they appear in, and Send their observations
to St. John's Gate, I presume from
your known readiness to promote any
branch of ufesul knowledge, that they
would be recorded for public use.
The reader perceives I am inclined
to W. /P.*s hypothesis, which I own I
am at prefent, because it bids the fairest
of any other for truth, as it seems to
be built on more certain pri nciples", to
be more intelligible in itself, and to be
charged with sewer difficulties than any
other, tho' it has its difficulties likewise.
IS the author had vouchsafed to
reconsider it,- perhaps he might have
cleared them up in a more satisfactory
manner. But' as it seems to have been
deserted by i^ owit parent, for reasons
best known to him, I have taken it up
as a Founding, and bestuw'd a little cost
upon it just to keep it alive. But I
here give him fair warning, that ifl
hereafter find it does not deserve to live,
l shall leave it to shift for itself, and
staffer it to die, for any farther trouble
that I will be at about it. I am Mr.
Crhan, Your hemhle servaut.
Nov. 2s. A BYSTANDER.
Further Observations to illustrate that Phenomenon.
Mr. Lrhan,
A S foon as I read W. W's explana-
Sdk. tion and hypothesis of an Aurora
Borealis—Irecolacted that being in a
house at Richmond on a bright day I beheld
fomething so like that appearance,
vibrating upon the wainfeot and ceiling,
that immediately looking down into the
Thames, I perceived the Sun to shine
bright on the clear waves os it, which,
there being a little hreeze, exhibited a
representation of thousands of diamonds
from its Surface variously Sormed, and
theSe were constantly changing their
positions and sides ; what angle the Sun
made with the ceiling I now forget ;
but I have seen it at divers times of the
day in the Same room, tho' more or
lets on the ceiling, according aS it was
late or" early in the day. I concluded,
that therefore the Sun and water were
evidently the cauSe of the Aurora Borealis
; but my diScovery met with the
Same objections as W. W.'s.
fours, E. E.
Succinct Account of Mr. Co L n E N 's Prin-
ciples of Action in H Litter, &c.
(•Continuedfrom p. 425.)
S^CTlOtl IV.
^^^ Othing can act where it is not, or
l. R communicate its action but by
an intervening mndiuma we perceive the
Sun communicates Some kind os action
to all the planets, by which they are
kept in their orbs, and gravitate towards
it a

I ^ F C F M B F R ,
it t the earth does the like to bodies at
a distance from it. There must then
be some intermediate thing by which
they communicate this action. This
cannot be by any emanation oS virtue,
becauSe that SuppoSes motion Srom the
thiner which emits the virtue to that on
which the virtue exerts its Sorce ; but
that motion Srom a thing can cauSe motion
to a thing, is inconceivable. There-
Sore to assign the cauSe oS natural Phenomena
we must investigate trie nature
of the medium whereby things communicate
their action at a distance.
^low this by Sir L NeWlon, and others
is called Ather.
The nature then of tether is to receive
the action of any thing contiguous
to it, and to communicate the
seme to any other thing at a distance,
which is likewise contiguous to it, and
Since it receives and communicates action
at all distances, every point thereof
must receive the action, and re-act, or
communicate that action. '
Since ether cannot receive or communicate
action where it is not, even at
the Smallest distance, all its parts or
points So receiving and communicating,
mast be contiguous to each other, which,
tho' not Seemingly necessary in communicatin.g
motion, yet in communicating
any other action which has no motion,
is absolutely necessary.
Consequently the receiving action to
the utmost distanee, must he at the
Same instant in every one of its parts.
aether receives the action of resisting
as well as of moving matter, and communicates
it from every point to every
tiling contiguous to that point, by a
kind of expansive action proceeding in
all directions Srom each point, as Srom
a center ; the force of expansion or reaction
heing in each point every where
e^ual to the Sorce of action communicated
to that point.
Since ether expands or reflects the
action oS resistance in all directions, in a
direction opposite to that in which it
receiv'd the action oS the resisting thing,
as well as in the Same direction, they
both act in the fame instant, as be-
^L, IV,
ing destructive os each other : consequently
they must act by sits or alternately,
the ether being in a fit oS receiving
action or oS inaction, whilst the
resisting power is in action, and being again,
in a fit oS reaction whilst the resisting
power is in a sit oS inaction : and .as
the reaction oS resistance in atrher is
destructive or negative to the action of
motion, the moving thing must likewise
act by sits, or alternate turns os action
and inaction ; and impenetrability being
the effect of resistance only, ether is only
penetrable in its fits of reacting resistance,
at other times it is penetrable by
the moving thing, which has no power
of resisting, This Sir Isaac Newton
has curioustv obServ'd in the passage
of light. „
The resitting agent cannot cause the
expansive force of the ether, its whole
power being exerted in its psersevertng
in its present state ; and again the resisting
power is exerted in opposing anal
lessening all motion ; but this expansive
force by its reaction preferves the motion
impreSs *d on it, in its full force, and
communicates it in all directions. Neither
can it be the effect os the moving
power, Sor that acts only in one direction.
It must then beessentially different,
botb from the resting and moving agents,
Since it cannot be produced by
either oS sheSe simply, or by both conjunctly.
Its manner oS acting is singular
and peculiar to isSeli ; and yet it acts
not without the concurrence os Some either
powers, and in the abSence or ces^
Sation oS their action it is in a state of
inaction, and tho' it in no manner receives
its expansive or reflexive power
Srom any other power, yet it imitates
the manner os acting of every power
whose action it receives.
In whatever degree the action of resistance
is communicated to the ether,
in the Same degree is its action of expanding
or reflecting motion lessened ;
but the moving and elastic powers no
ways lessen each others action.
The power by which ether expands,'
or reflects, and conveys the action of
any uther power to any distance, isuSu-
T t ^ ally

^ 4
^ d MAGAZINE ^ MAGA^I^E^,
ally termed elastic, yet its action must
not be conceived as at all similar to that
of elastic bodies, but as singular and peculiar
to itSelf. To imagine that aether
consists of innumerable minute globules,
which pressed together, rebound with
the fame Sorce that compressed them,
would give no idea of the true elastic
action. Nothing of parts, shape, number,
or any thing like composition, can
enter into the conception of simple powers,
for fo they cannot be simple.
.either having no other action but
what it receives from either the resisting
or moving power, and we forming
no idea of any thing but from its action,
must conceive ether as quantity,
since it can receive a greater or less
elegree of action from she resisting or
moving agent, so that its reaction may
be greater or leSs. If then quantity be
the^distinguishing character of matter;
ether must be a Species of it.
From what has been before Said, all
the parts of ether must be contiguous,
or no void Space between them, except
where their place is taken up by resisting
matter : and if So, there can be no vacuum.
The reason of the Newtonians
for a vacuum is, that all matter has the
vis intenie. If it were So, a va.uummust
be necessarily Suppofed ; but if it be true
that there are different species os matter,
one oS which only, and that by far the
least part of the universe, has the power
of resisting, all the difficulties as to
motion on the supposition os Space being
every where foil, vanish.
^From what has been said, it appears
that the three Species of matter described,
are agents or acting principles, each
having a peculiar power or Sorce, and
differing from the rest in essence and
manner of acting. Whether there he
more fpecies is not eaSy to determine ;
if there he, they must likewise be active
principles- The word matter when it
represents a merr passive being, without
power, Sorce, action, or property, is
lynonymous to nothing.
The author supposes upon the whole,
that this our earth, and all upon it, which
affects our Sense os touch, the planets,
and every thing commonly called holy,
consists chiefly oS resisting matter ; that
the Space between theSe great bodies
and the interstices between the particles
which compose them are filled with
aether , that the moving matter or light
is every where passing through the parts
filled with aether, consequently that the
Space filled with ether and light is vastly
greater than that filled with resisting
matter or hocly, and he ptopoSes to
shew that the most general phenomena in
nature and Suc.h as have puzzled the
philosophers oS all ages can be explained
and made easy to our conceptions,
Srom the actions oS the different Species
oS matter. f'Io be continued s
'r^ ^ ^ ^ a^^? ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^
An Essay on the Improvement of Medicine,
by Dr. John Drummond, sinbate
Press/cut of the Royal Collage os'
Physicians, in Edinburgh.
'^T is by accurate observations aad
| just reasoning capon tirem, that physick
can be brought to any degree of
pertection, one oftheSe is by no means
Sufficient Sor the purpoSe. The greatest
masters of reasoning have often proved
the molt unsuccessful interpreters of nature,
by neglecting to confult nature
itSelf, and overlooking the most obvious
phenomena. Of which Aristotle
and the physicians that adopted nischi^
nr encas notions oSan analogy between
the political and animal economy, and
reafon'd Srom his whimsical hypothesis,
are Sufficient proofs. Not cne of
those students os Aristotle and Galen ever
dreamed of Searching out the truth,
of confirming or disproving any doubtful
opinion by experiments, and careful
observations of facta, but relied intirely
on the authority of their masters-
The chemists indeed threw off the yoke
of the schools, which could give them
no certainty to establish a reasonable
practice upon; and pretended to esta^
blish a new theory of experiments ;
but their fondness for fome discover^,
ttsadc by the hcin of lire, led them t^
• - qtssse

quite neglect all other useful enquiries
into the structures oS the human body,
the nature and properties oS the liquors
contained in it, and the laws by which
they moved, and hurtled them on to
an extravagance beyond example; imagining
Such principles of action, and
Such violent motions, as are altogether
inconsistent with the life os an animal.
When the study of the malhemalicks
was revived in Europe, then indeed
might have been expected a thorough
reformation of physick, and greater certainty
than had hitherto obtained ; Des
Cartes soon attempted to apply mechanical
reasoning to the animal oecononv;
but though he had a profound knowledge
of the mathematicks, for thole
times, yet wanting a persect skill in anatomy,
and a sufficient numberof certain
observations, he framed hypotheses
to himself which were productive
of many blunders.
Many notable mathematicians after
him have Succeeded no better in their
attempts, merely Sor want oS sufficient
care to aseertain the dtta on which
their reasoning is built. On the other
hand, many of the gentlemen who
have employed themselves in making
observations of facts, wereutterly incapable
of putting them to the right use,
nor have they taken care to represent
them in Such a way a5 to be useSul to
others.
The eomplaint that Galen make5 os
the physicians in his time, distinguishing
too nicely the Species oS Some diseases,
rather from pompous names,
than Sor any advantage to medicine, is
much more justly to be made now,
when it has been the misSortune of this
art, to be loaded with Suub numbers os
names to each difeaSe, and Such minute
ltnd Subtle distinctions oS them, by
which a beginner, on viewing a catalogue
of distempers in some of the Systematic
writers, will be apt to imagine
that each name denotes' a disease very
ctstcrent from any other, ard that lie
must lea.-n a particular method os cure
adapted to each ; whereas^ if the
F C F M B F R, 17^^.
matter was duly considered, it would
appear that these numerous lists might
be much abridged, by reducing many
diseases to the fame class, or general
head. Thus authors distinguish an
hemoptoe into a great many different
Species, and write much of the different
causes of those har'moptoes, and of
the signs whereby they are to be distinguished
; whereas it would be of
more importance to consider the he.
moptoe simply as a preternatural flux
of blond, and, as fuch, to treat it as
thev do other hemorrhagic. Fevers
llaye been also distinguished into many
Species : but as all Severs have Something
common, by which they are denominated
fevers ; so the consideration
of this which constitutes a fever
(which upon due examination will be
found very simple and obvious) with
its true causes and genuine effects,
will give one a more jult and clear
notion of the disease, and lead him to
a more rational practice, than all that
has been said at a great length on the
subtile and unnecessary distinctions ;
and in this view also it wist appear,
that the most natural and useful division
of fevers, is, into continued, and
interrupted ; for, l humbly conceive,
they may all, when considered simply
and not as the effect of another disease,
he reduced to one or other of
these two forts. Ophthalmia, Angina,
Pheenilis, Peripneumonia, Pleuritic, Hepatitis,
Aeyhritit, Rheumatisurus, &c.
have all the fame characteristics and
differ in nothing but the part affected ;
so that iS one has a right knowledge of
an inflammation on an external part,
its pi ngrefs and proper remedies, and
at the same time ts thoroughly acquainted
with anatomy, and the animal
economy, he cannot be at a loss
to distinguish and treat any of the diseases
belonging to this class.
These few examples may Serve to
explain what l intend, bv proposing
to reduce diseases to a few general
heads. But tho' l would argue s"or the
usefulness of abridging the numerous
na.i^es of diseases, and os reducing
the

^ d ^ A G A ^ E ^ ^ A s G A ^ l ^
the unreasonable Farrago oS medicines
in prescriptions, yet 1 would earnestly
exhort all physicians to beware of falling
into the opposite fault of prescribing,
when they have only learned the
general name of the disease, without
having exactly and carefully examined
all the circumstances both os the patients,
and of their diseases ; Sor 1 am
convinced there is so little hope of obtaining
any universal medicine to cure
all diseases, that there is not any medicine
proper Sor any one disease in all
stages of it, and toall patients, except
hcrhaps in preventing the effects of
fome poyfons, of which we know
no more than that Some particular antidotes
have done Service ; thereSore
except the patient's age, Sex, constitution,
&c. and the symptoms and circumstances
oS a disease are related,
there can benojustjudgmenc formed,
and practising by rote has no fairer
chance for curing, than a blind man
has to strike a dog, who stands barking
at a distance. And this is that
which must principally distinguish between
a rational physician and a pretending
emperick. To prove which
I shall mention a sew examples where
a particular form of practice generally
prevails, and shall chose out such as
may serve to illustrate the premises.
Suppose two persons Seized with
an Apople.ry, one is a foll-bndied vigorous
young man aster a debauch, the
other is an old feeble person, long subject
to Catarrhes, l presume, blooding very
plentifully must be the principal thing
depended on for the cure of the first,
and that this method would very effectually
destroy the other, who must be
treated with every thing that stimulates.
A rigid old man, and a healthy young
boy, are both seized with an inflammation
tending to a gangrene in their
extremities; evacuations and topical
emollient applications are proper for
the boy, cordials and topical antiseptic
ks for the mas^.
A man and a woman of middle age,
healthy and vigorous, ate without any
previous remarkable fymptom, taken
with a Small Ildmoptoe; the man is let
blood PleratiSully, is kept cool with a
low diet, and has astringents given
him ; the woman being near the time
oS her menstrua, is to have this natural
evacuation Sorwarded, which proves her
cure.
Two persons oS the Same Sex and
equal age, but one brought low by a
diSeule, the other plethoric k, catch an
ague at the Same time. The plethorick
person requires to be blooded, and
by other evacuations to have his vessels
emptied ; the other must be Supported
by a nourishing diet aid cardiac medicines.
Two men oS equal age and strength,
one oS whom has lived temperately aid
Soberly, the other has every day drank
two or three buttles of wsr.e at least,
are buth seized W ith a sever ; the first is
kept suecessfully at c cooling emulhons,
the other must have an allowance of
wine ; for ufe them in the reverse way,
the temperate man will have his fete.unSufferably
railed, the other will become
e^uite dispirited.
A child has complained of pains in
bis belly, shrieks frequently, grinds his
teeth in his sleep, and has formerly
pasted worms by stool , a man has been
seized Some hours with a Sever. Both
fall into epilepttck fits, which ate to be
cured in each by removing their causes,
and therefore require very different
treatment.
Two persons brought low, one with
a Sever, the other with a pally os Short
standing, take each a quotidian or tertian
ague ; the first is to have his ague
Soon stropped ; the other is to bear the
ague as long as possible.
One man hath been nigh exhausted
with loss os blood, another has lived
•.on Sully Sor Some time ; both aster exercise
complain of great anxieties and
difficulty oS breathing, with a Saintnth
and inability in their limbs, and trembling
all over their body ; their pulses
do nuot beat strong, and all the perceptible
difference is, that the arteries ot
the latter seel hard and firm like a cord,

^SeP J ^ F C F M B F R , 1 7 ^ . ^ 7
yahile the former's pulSe is Soft and
makes no resistance ; tho' the appearances
in both are the same, yet this last
circumstance, and the preceding history
determine the diseases to be exactly
opposite ; the one is Sroni the emptinefs
of the vessels, the other Srom a plethora,
and the methnd of treating
them are directly the reverse os each
other.
No rule is more general than that of
bleeding in pleurtfies; but Suppose a
physician called in the filth or sixth day
of the disease, and Sees the patient
coughing up pus, blond-letting is Sis
far Srom heing requisite, that it is hurtful.
The common practice in the beginning
of the smallpox or meastes is to
let blood ; but if the exanthemata are
pale, the patient's pulfe low and stow,
without any oppression at his breast,
cordials are of Service, and evacuation
by venesection dangerous.
Authors Seldom mils to discharge
drawing oS blood 'in a dropfv, yet SuppoSe
a strong man, after over-heating
himSelf and drinking great draughts of
cold drink, to have his helly Suddenly
distended with water ; and upon this
to have a great difficulty of breathing,
and all his veins very turgid, he must
he blooded, otherwise his difeaSe will increase,
and the circulation os the blood
in the lungs will at last be entirely
stopped.
To eure the jaundice Safely in a plethorick
person, especially if attended
with an inflammation of the liver, it is
necessary to begin with taking blood
contrary to the general rule in this
disease.
In the same manner, violent hysteric
Symptons, oeeafioned by the overfulness
oS the vessels preventing the menses
to flow, are only to be removed. and
the morses to be brought on by bloodletting,
notwithstanding the general
inaxim oS making an evacuation of
blood at eritieal time.
1 am afraid to be tedious, otherwise
I could multiply examples of the fame
In short, name any disease, and
what medicine you pleese as universally
uSeSul in it, and l can promise to shew
circumstances oS patients, or oS the
difeaSe, where the medicine would be
very improper : Therelore let me intreat
all students and practitioners in
physic, to consider well the eases of
their patients, to leave the way of
practising only in a routine, or by rote
to thole who Scarce deserve the name
oS empiricks, and to lav the foundation
of their prescribing on experience
and reason united ; tor of these it may
be said as Horace did of ait and nature
in poetry.
Allerins fic
An'era pesiit epem res & consurat antice.
GENTLEMEN,
In the course of my residing I have extracted
from a treatise of ancient and moilern
Poinerania, Writtin by Christan
Schoettgen, rector and profssor at
Stargardt, the Jawing account of a
Carthusian convent in Germany, and
other particulars which 1 presunae rnay
deserve a place among the variety of
your entertaining MAGAZINE.
The Contents of a Carthusian Cloystet,
A Person who went to take a view
Ilk of the Caflhusean cloyster at Marion
Cron near Rugenwalele, and of the
donations given to those monks, expected
at leastl to find a libraryl but
there was no book, nor any other provision
for learning, except a skin or two
of parchment, two reams of paper, and
a pair os fpectacles ; and this they
bad been a whole century collecting :
Whereas in the kitchen and cellar he
found no less than i 5 great pieces of
wine, (which was then a very Scares
commodity fo far north) 239' barrela
of beet, 26o cheefes, 54 cakes os gingerbread,
and 5 pounds os quick-silver,
put down in their regsjtcr as a remedy
against lla^t
C^tairr

^ ^ d MAGA^Ih'E (of MAGA^I^E8,
Certain Statutes concerning the Clergy in will begin to grow warm ; then poor
Pomerania. in more oSthe oil of vitriol, and Shake
.. it again ; then the retort will become
l S same author mentions cer- very hot. Do not pour in the oil of
II. tain statutes oSISenniug the popish vitriol too fast, or ton much at a time,
bishop of Camin in 1454, which Shews left the glass retort, by being heated too
that the clergy were no better in Pome- Suddenly, should burst t You mast-allow
rania than eisewhere ; Soor the clergy, about an hour's time for pouring in the
especially she curates, were Sorbid go- oil of vitriol, not pouring in above an
ing with the laity to taverns, &c. which ounce at a time, and always shaking
were places infamous for murders, rob- the retort, till the whole quantity of
beries, fwearing, debaucheries, and o- the ponderous mineral oil is intimately
lher Scandalous crimes, and where the united with the light inflammable vinclergy
drinking tete a fete with their ous spirit.
parishoners, led the sheep astray which In the next place, examine wish
were committed to their pastoral care, your hand the heat of the glass retort,
and plunged them in the depths of hell. and have a surnace ready, with the Sand
There*s another statute complaining a- in an iron pot, heated exactly to the
gainst the marriage of priests, in these fame degree as the retort has acquired
terms, viz. We think it a grievous and by the mixture of the two liquors :
unheardof offence against God, and a pub- Take out fome of the sand, and, haylic
scandal to the clergy, that the priest, ing placed your retort in the middle of
loot leaving the sear of God hefote their the iron pot, put in the hot sand again
eyes, keep women with whom fhey a/ways round the tetort, and apply a capacious
converse, make collations and cohabit, en- receiver to it ; set it into cold water,
gaging never to part from one another, and wrap it over with double flannel
yast as if Whem the devil had sein'd to- dipped in cold water.
gether no man was to put asendir, and Baife your fire gradually, that the
begetting animals that walked upon two drops may fall fo fast, that you may
feet. Here 'tis obferv'd, that the bishop count five or fix between each, and that
did not esteem the children born of besides this quick discharge of the drops
Such marriages to be human creatures. the upper hemisphere of your receiver
For this heinous crime of marrying and co- may appear always filled with a white
habiting with fheirwives, the priests 'were mist or surne : Continue this heat as
ehirg'd with consuming the patrimony of long as they emit the seent of true
Jesus Christ in whoredom, and sentene'd marjoram.
to pay a fine of fen marks offilver. As Soon as the Smell Changes to a
Suffocating acid, like that os brimstone,
^ ' ^ ' ^ ^ ' ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ e ^ t ^ ^ take out the fire, and lift the retort out
of the sand, and change the receiver ;
The Alethed of making a celehrated Che- for all that arises afterwards is only a
mical Liquor, called father, with its mere mass of brimstone, and of no use.
Properties andLsin. If you do not use the greatest precaution,
the liquors in the retort will
four pounds in weight of the run over ; the fire must cease, as soon
.I. best oil of vitrroll and as much in as the attheiral spirits are gone over;
weight of the best alcohol, or the high- for there remains behind an oleum vint,
est rectified spirit of wine. ^ which is extracted by the force of the
i. First pour the alcohol into a cho- acid out of the spirits ; which will
sen glass retort ; then pour in, by little arise, run over, and often cause exploit"
tand little, one ounce of oil of vitriol ; ons.
then shake the retort till the two liquors The Second day, when your glafs ts
arc thoroughly mized, when the retort cold, infuse the remainder with hais^
much

^uch alcohol, and distil again as before,
^nd yon will have the fame : The third
day a 'rain with as much, and proceed
as at first, it gives it again. Go on as
inner as vou Can obtain any of the etherise
Suirit, till all turns to a carbo
Then separate it, and alcalize it with
suirits os Sal armoniac made without
Spirits of'rine, till all efferveScence ceose,
and distil it ^ce more e balneo Marie ;
loiris ready Sor use.
The Properties and Use of she a^therial
Spirit,
aether is certainly the most noble,
eSlicacions, and uSeSul instrument in all
chemistry and pharmacy, inasmuch as
essences and essential oils are extracted
by it immediately, without So much as
the mediation of fire, from woods, barks,
roots, herbs, flowers, berries, seeds, &c.
Srom animals and their parts too- Thus
from castor, by a certain manuSaction,
may be prepared an oil Sweeter than
that ofcinnamon, and alfo the true oil
of Saffron ; and all by this particular
encheiresis, without the help of the fire
or distillation. For an example of our
method : Take mint, Sage, or orangeprels,
cinnamon, &c. or all theSe together
; cut and bottle them ; pour upon
them a spoonful or two of the etherial
liquor, and, after it has stood an
hour in a cold place, fill up the bottle
with cold water, and you shall fee the
essential oil Swimming upon the water
poured upon them, easily Separable by
the Sunnel. Of this essential oil, one
drop only, upon a lump of sugar,
manisests to the taste, &c. the medical
virtues of the plant, exquisitely drawn
out, comprehended in this essence, de-
Servedly named cos, as containing the
colour, odour, and Sapor or taste oS the
plant or plants In like manner the el-
Sential oils of exotics are easily prepared.
lt is not, however, a true essential oil,
but an excessive strong tincture, which
you may call the essence.
OS the like ule St is in the animal
kmgdom, where it produces an essential
oil of phosphorus ; as likewise in the
mineral kingdom, though not So immc,
F. C F M B FR,
diately, because the resolution os the
earths must proceed : Moreover, it is
easily proved, that the Same liquor extracts
the purest gold, or every particle
oSgold. from any or all the baSer minerals
; and that this gold thus extracted,
is, by this one operation, better and
Sooner purified, than by Sufion oS minerals
with antimony,
This liquor is neither corrosive, nor
joined yvith apparent corrosives ; where-
Sore fill as many bottles with etherial
water, as there are Sorts oS Salts, and into
the first, drop by drop, distil oil of
vitriol ; put into the second Spirit of
Sea Salt ; into the third, Spirit of nitre
or of alum, or sal armoniac prepared
with water, or the lixivium of tartar, or
rectified vinegar ; all the Salts immediately
fink to the bottom : Besides, it
is the lightest oS all liquors ; for, fill
any vessel wish twenty ounces of oil of
vitriol, the Same emptied will contain
but Seven ounces oS ether. It is the
very ens oS being, most pure oS flame ^
wherefore neither Soot nor allies are
ever found upon its deflagration.
An Extract from the Observation of
CHRISTMAS, seriously considered.
'T ^Aving Such an occasion Sor soy as
the hirth of a Saviour is, and
Such examples and instructors Sor our duty,
as the angels Srom heaven, and Some
Siints on earth; how ought we to rejoice
on this occasion t The doctrine os
the Holy Jesus informs us what manner
of persons we should be t that God having
visited and redeemed us, to deliver
us out of the handi of our enemies, be
expects and requires that we serve in
holinefs and mghteouseest hofore him a/!
the esays of our lives. That we shoulI
not hencofrth walk as the Gentiles wa/k^
but that we should c racily the flesh wisha
the astectiortr and/usts which war against
the soul Not making provision for the
fieshto suistl the lusts thereof nor fashisre
ourselves according to the course of thia
^ll.l, BssS ^cep rsrofr/ves unspetledfora^

the world. That we should renounce
the world, the flesh, and devil. And
deny a// irri^odliiieji and worhdy lusts, and
live soherly, righteously, and godly in this
present evil world That we should
live unto him whose name was called
Jesus, because he came to stive his people
from their fins. Who eame fo destroy the
works of the devil, and to reeleern us from
all iniquity, and to purity to himself a
peculiar people zealous of good works.
We ought to take care that our /igbt
mny st shine before rnen, that many ntioft
see our good works, andg/ority our'ofither
which is in heaven.
Now, is we are to be thus at all
times, according to the whole tenour of
the gospel, then Surely are we in an of
fecial mariner to be holy, heavenly,.
and Spiritual in our frames, exercises,
and conversations, in a Season wherein
we profeSs to commemorate the great love
and merry of God, which he has manifested
to the lost world, in giving his
Son to be the Saviour thereof. We
who without this Saviour, must never,
never have dar'd to list up our faces towards
heaven ; how ought we now to
lift up our wires and hearts, to the
most elevated pitch, in singing our bosunnah*s
t Remambting, how many
glorious creatrtres there are above, who
cast down their crowns before him in
bis immediate presence ; who is worthy
to receive glory, honour, eind dominion for
ever and ever.
But having considered, what reception
the news of the birth, of a Saviour
met with amongst these mentioned,
and alwavs 'ought to meet with amongst
all Christians ; let us now consider
what entertainnreut is ordinarily given to
him in this season, of commemorating his
nativity into the world. Tho' there
are Some, that do seriously, ard re/igioesty,
remember this mercy ; yet shey
are but very sew in comparison.
As persona are enjoin'd by authority,
to observe this sestiva/; So there was a
statute of the pious Edward VI. which
requires, that perSons should < Forbear
< their imp/oymerots, that they might
^ apply themselves only and shelly to
, laud and praise the Lord, to hear God's
' word and to pray unto him.' But
what regard is had to thefe things?
Persons clean and adorn their houses
with greens, &c. But what guest do
they inyite and entertain ? There's no
great difficulty to judge, whilst there is
in this SeaSon So much singing and roaring,
prophane ribaldry, So much cuestng
and jWearing, damning and blaspheming,
rending and tearing the tertible name of
God, and that of the Blestnd Jesus ; and
fo much excess, gluttony, aounkennese, dahauehery,
quarrelr, and fometimes murders
; besides fo many plays, gamings,
follies and distractions innumerable.
How is Christ represented by such
persons and practices, as a friend of
sinners in the worst and grostist seofe?
and a favourer aud patron of the most
enormous and licentious practices^
I am perswaded that there are many
persons that commit more sin in this
Season (I fpeak of that which is more
grcass) than in all the year besides.
Since that which they would not do at
another time, they are easily brought^
to at this ; and will endeavour also to
perfwade others, becauSe it is Christmastime
a taking a liberty to abound in
sin ; because it is the time appointed to
commemorate the birth of their Sa•
viout, who came to destroy the works
of the devil.
If any person should dare to treat
their sovereign, at the rate they treat
their Saviour, what would the conSequence
be ? If any should pretend out
of a loyal zeal, to celebrate their sinereign's
hirth-dey, or coronation ; and
should chuse to express their loyalty, in
revelling and debauching to such an excess,
as in their disorders, not only to
abuSe his majesty's good subjects ; but alfo
to deface his picture or statue, to defy
his lows and government, and affront
and threaten his person. Would these
be accepted as proofs of their bonour
and loyahy to their sinaereign ? Or
might neat such expect rather to feel the
weight of his just and angry ressntment ?
If a stranger to our nation and religion,
should come hither in this seisin,
and

and See the pompous preparation of
oe/orning our houses. and churches, and
rite religious exercises performed there ;
aad then fee what excesses, dehauches,
and wicked practices such persons fall
into ; would not Such Strangers be apt
ro believe, that the inhabitants were
Some wicked Jews, or Some other bitter
declar'd enemies oS Christ, and his
religion ; and that they did all this, to
pour the utmost contempt upon both ^
^ilttELOCx BuL5TR0DE's Opinion
of Psays and Masinerades, in a Speech
to the Grand Jury of Middesix.
(of P L A Y- H o ^ 5 E s.
Tis to be wish'd there were none in
the kingdom, becauSe oS the evil they
do to mankind.
TheSe poets, ev'n after they are
dead, iS their plays Survive them, by
their vicious plays, help Satan to ruin
mankind in this world, and utterly to
destroy them in the next. What reckoning,
what accompt, will thoSe
witty unthinking poets have to make
for these great evils at the dreadful day
of judgment 1 Let them remember the
direful woe our Saviour pronounces a-
^ainst them which give offence ; that
is, occasion mankind to sin.
Thefe plays being contra honos Mores,
hoth the poets and the actors are presitntable
; the patent they have not
warranting them herein ; and the King's
proclamation for Suppressing vice, immorality
and prophaneness, being directly
against Such doings. TheSe
plays are a nuSance to the virtuous part
of mankind who happen to See them,
atid sink the vicious deeper in the mire
of destruction.
^ly next head is, touching MAst^EaADEs,
alias BALLS.
I can' help repeating, that these are a
ecene of lewdness, a congress entirely
m ati uraclean end ; the debauchery is
litre begun, and sinish'd in the neighbourhood.
A dangerous, a very elangercus
step tbose virtuous ladies take,
^•rao out of an impertinent curiosity oo
VcL. IV
^rr F C F M B F R, 1 7 ^
there 1 There, where "women, lewd
women, dress in men's habits, that they
may vent their obScenity more Sreely and
that to their oan Sex : And where men
drefs in the female habit, to give and
receive a stood of unclean, and, to
them lusi.ious conversation.
Had masquerades been in use at the
time of the apostles, it would have
been impossible Christianity could have
had any success ; could have gain'd any
ground, where those had been practis'd.
One mafquerade would have carry'd
of more christians from the christian
faith, and the purity of a christian life.
than the raising ten men from the dead
would have kept in it.
^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^S e^, e^ e^>
GENTLEMEN,
I desire you will transmit to the public^
the sallowing short account ; by which
they may, amongst other things, be certily'd
of the method made use of in seme
places to estah/ish the woest oS inventions
upon a divinefoundation.
Of the CiRlotN oS the lt:qu1siTiotrs
^ Udevicus a Paramo, who has Writ-
P ^ ten a book De Origine Osscii Sacre
Iuquisttionis, i. e. Of the Origin
of the s^sice of the Holy Inquishion,
asserts, That it was founded in paradise
; makes Goo the first inquisitor.
arraigns our sirst patents of heresy, on
account of their fall ; and fo fur perverts
the Sacred oracles in order to Support
the analogy of his pro sane writings,
that he suppressing the true history
of their punishment, Scruples not
to Say that their only penance was to
wear leather breeches.
As a proper antidote against Such
poiSonous doctrines, the reader is desired
to observe, That now the merci-
Sul inquisitors have introduced the rack.
sire, and water, as the three principal
materials Sor to torment the unhappy
prisoners in the Holy Offce, before they
are led forth to suffer death, and other
punishments at the public Auto's de Fe.
U u ti Be

^ d M A G A Z I N E ^ M A G A ^ 1 N E 8,
Be it for crimes oS heresy, Sufpicion of
herefy si. e. protestantism) forcery, juesaism,
or Speaking ill of the holy office,
the prisoner, aster fome time of confinement,
(perhaps months or years) is
conveyed from his wretched cell to the
great and dark room of torments ; the
persons who conduct him thither are always
muffled with black crape over
their faces, to prevent the criminal from
knowing his tearmentors : they carry a
dim torch or other light with them into
the room, just sufficient for to discern
the instruments os his torture: is the
cord is to be applied. then his hands
are bound fast behind him, and by
means of a pully fix'd at the roof as
this horrid place, he is hauled up by two
or three of the muffled jailers, and let
down several yards length of rope suddenly
from the top, to a foot's distance
eaf the floor ; these jerks are repeated
till the joints of his arms, wrists, and
shoulders are dislocated t there are other
kinds of racking ufed besides tbis
to extort confession. If the prisoner is
to be tormented by fire, while in the
holy inquisition office, he is alio conveyed
aster the foregoing manner to
tate Same dark Subterraneous room, his
snuffled warders strip him, bring the
Soles of his feet nigh to a fire placed
aon a hearth, and with prepared unguents
and other liquid eombustibles,
rub his feet to receive more piercing
heat and intolerable burning. If water
is to be the prisoners torture, he
is laid on his back in a deep hollow
trough, a round Stick passing through
the middle just under the criminal's
hack, who is obliged to receive vast
draughts of water forced into his throat
through a tunnel, mean time the posture
generally disjoints the prisoner's backbone.
These are but a few of the
wholesome Severities, gentle and pious
methods, invented to defrroy mankind
religiously, that their estates may hecome
plunder, merely to support in
pomp, luxury, and pride, the high flyaaa..
sons of St. Dominick, St. Francis,
.and of ignaiint ale Lo^oaa /
Pope P i o u s*s B u L L against Queers
s
E1 t z A n E r H.
OPE Pim V. had, by his bull
I dated i deprived the (^ueeit
of her kingdoms, absolved her ftlf^ecta
of all subjection to her, and pronounced
all that yielded her obedience accursed
• as appears by the latter part
of the said bull, in thefe words.——
Being therefore strengthened with his are.
thority, who hath please./ to set us in this
supreme throne ofyustict, though unsa for so
great a burthen, lie by the sulness of orer
aposto/ica/ power, do declore ihe foresaid
Llizaheth an heretic k, and a maintainor
of heretickil and those thai fakc her part
in the things aforesaid Sthat is| in estng
wicked rites anal institutions according to
Calvin*s prescriptions, and commanding
fhem to he observed by her Subjects, aie 1
abo/ishing thefiicrifce of the moist, prefers,
alms, difference of meat, fingle /ise, arre/
catho/ick riles, and compe/ling many to sin.
sinear and abjure the authority and dedience
of lhehistop of Rome, &c.j lo ha toe
incurred lhe sentence of .inathema, and to
be cul estseom lhe unity of Christ's boriy.
And moreover, lhat she is deprived of the
pretended rirhf of her Said kinalom, and
alio seom all rule, dianity, and preeminence
whaessever ; and a^o ber nobility,
subjects and people of lhe Sail realm, and
and a// others wbich have Swim unto her
by any mariner of means, are absolondsin
ever seom such oath, andseom all duty of
empire, file/i ty, and ohedience, in fiicbfi^
as trie ale absolve d'cm by fhess presents.
and deprive fhe said Elizabeth of the
pretended right of the kingdom, ana/ of al/
other things aloresuil And we ale command
and far hid a// and singulor oj the
nobility, subsocts, people, and others aserf
faid, thai tlay profane not to obey her admonitions,
command or lows. Whoste-
ver shall do otherwise, we do invoke
tbern in the like curses &C- Given at
Rome at u5t. Peter's in the year of the
incarnation of our Lord t569, the sa^
of tbr calends of March,, and of our p^
prtcy the Sseh.

The Life of L'E W 1 S ^SlV, King of
France continued front p. 393.
she month os January 1668,
.I though the court seemed entirely
engaged in diversions, and the winter
very Severe, troops were marching on
all sides (Some one way, Some another)
through the roads oS Champagne. in the
three Bishoprics. Trains oS artillery
and ammunition waggons appeared,
under divers pretences, in the roads
which lead Srom Champagne into Burgundy
This part os France was universally
in motion, yet the cause entirely
unknown. Germany was alarmed,
but could not discover the motives
which induced Lewis K1V. to make
Such preparations. At last, on the Second
oS February, that Monarch quitted
St. Germains, being accompanied
by the young Duke cB sSnsinen, Son of
the great Conde, and some others of his
court, the rest oS the officers being
with the troops. He arrived in a short
time at Dijon ; and twenty thouSand
men, collected Srom twenty different
places, appeared at the Same time in
iinnche-Comle, a few leagues from
Besencon, having at their head the great
Conde, avhose principal Lieutenant-general
was his friend Boutevi'de Montmorency,
who was become Duke os Lexenrhourg,
and who had always been attached
to him in his good and bad
sortune.
The true motives for this Sudden and
unexpected enterprise were theSe : the
Prince of Conde was jealous oS the glory
of Tourenne ; and Leuvois, of his falour
with the King t Cortde's jealoufy
was that of an Hero, and Leuvois's
that of a Minister. The Prince being
governor of Burgundy, which joins to
Franche-Comie, formed the design of
making himself master of that province,
tn the winter, in less time than Turerrne,
the preceding Summer, had conquered
French Flanders. He immediately
communicated his design to Leasts,
who readily approved oS it, hoping
by that meas^ both to set ve his
F C ^ N BFR, IJ^s.. ^
master, and render Turenne nnneceffa-
ry-
This province, which was then poor
enough with regard to money, but exceeding
Sruitful and populous, forty
leagues in length, and twenty in
breadth, was not only called Franche,
i. e. free, but was really fo The Spa^nish
monarchs were rather its protectors,
than its masters ; and, though
the province belonged to the Government
oS Flanders, it depended but very
little upon it : The whole administration
was divided and disputed between
the parliament and governor oS Franche-Comte.
The people enjoyed great
privileges, and were always respected
by the court os Madrid, which paid a
deference to a province jealous os its
rights, and in the neighbourhood of
France. No people ever lived under a
more gentle government, nor were any
people ever more attached to their
Sovereigns. In short, Franche-Comte,
though poor, was happy ; and, as it
was a kind of republic, it was not without
factions t Nor was force the only
me tns used to Subdue this province.
Some of the principal inhabitant^
were gained at first by promises and
presents, particularly the Abbe John
de Batteville and the governor's nephew
Count deStt Amour ; nor did the governor
himself', at last, prove inflexible.
Some of the counsellors of their parliamentwere
likewise purchased at no
very considerable expence. No sooner
were thefe secret intrigues commenced,
than they were s u p p o r t e d by
twenty thousand men ; and Bcsancon.
the capital of the province, was invested
by the Prince of Conde. Luxembourg
appeared also before Sallnes; and.
the next day, both these places surrendered.
The only article of capitulatition,
desired for Besuncon, was the preservation
of an holy shroud, which was
highly revered in that city : and this
request was readily granted. The K.
arrived at Dijon ; and Leuvois, who
bad secretly repaired to the frontiers.
to direct all these marches, came to
U tl. u ^ insert^

^ 4 ^ A G A ^ I ftl F ^ M A G A ^ l N F ^ ,
inform him, that theSe two places had
^een besieged and taken. The King
immediately hastened to appear, where
fortune did every thing in 'his Savour.
He marched in person to besiege
Dole, which was reputed strong, and
commanded by the count de eMontrevei
who, through a certain greatneSs oS
soul. was faithful to the Spaniard,
whom he hated, and to the parliament,
whom he defpised. His garrison consisted
only of sour hundred Soldiers and
citizens ; but he, nevertheless, dared
to make a defence. Lewis, however,
entered Dole at the end oS Sour days
siege, and twelve days aster his departure
from St. Germains : And, in short,
in lefs than three weeks time, all Franche
Comic was Subjected to him. The
council of Spain, being astonished and
incensed at the little resistance that
was made, 'wrote to the Governor,
< That the King of France, instead of
going in person, might as well have
Sent his lacqueys to take possession of
the province'
Such good fortune, and such great
ambition, roused Europe Srom its lethargy.
The Emperor begin to raise
troops, and the Empire to appear in
motion. The Switzers, who are the
neighbours of Franche-Comte, and whose
Sole happiness consists in their liberty,
began to tremble for it. The rest of
Flanders was liable to be invaded the
ensuing Spring ; and the Dutch dreaded
having the French for their neighbours.
John de Wift then governed Holland,
having bern elected Grand Pensionary
at the age of tsventy-sive. He was indefatigable
in business, and shewed great
Order, prudence, and application in she
management os affairs. Sir William
Temple was then Ambaffador from Eng.
bond at the Hague, who contracted a
friendship with John de Witt, which is
uncommon among Ministers of State.
Sir William was born with the genius
of a wise republican ; loved liohanl as
his own country, because it was free ;
and was as jealous of its liberties, as
the Grand Pensionary himfelf TheSe
two Statesmen united with the Count
de Dhena, the Swedish Ambassador, in
order lostopt the progress of the King
of France.
The rapidity os the events, which
happened about this period, is what
chiefly distinguishes it : French Fsandrs
had been taken in three months ; Franche-Comte
in three weeks ; and the treaty
between Ho/sand, England. and Swedin,
to preserve the balance os Europe, and
put a stop to the ambition of Lewis
KIV, was concluded in five days.
The Erench Monarch was filled with
indignation to fee such a fmall state as
liolhtnd forming designs to set bounds
to his conquasts, and be the arbiter of
Kings; and his indignation was increased,
when he found, that this little
state was capable of doing this. Such
an outrage of the finited Provinces was
what he could not beat, though he affected
to disregard it; and from that
time he meditated revenge.
Notwithstand his ambition, his powes.
and his rage, he dissipated the Storm,
which seemed to be gathering in all
parts of Europe, by proposing a peace
himself. Accordingly, a trearyospeate
was signed at Aixla-Chapille, on the
second os May l 668, by which Lewis
was forced to restore Eranehe Comte.
Lewis Kl V, compelled for fome time
to remain in peace, continued, as he
had begun, to fortify and adorn his
kingdom. It was wonderful to behold
the sea ports, which before were deserted
and in ruins, now surrounded by
wrorks, which were at once both their
ornament and their defence ; covered
also with shipr and mariners, and containing
already near sixty large men of
war. New colonies were sent into dmerica,
the East-sadies, and the coa^
of Africa. In she mean time, mary
tboufand men were employed in France
in the construction as immenSe edifices,
and in the exercise as all those arts
which architecture introduces And, in
the interior part as his court and capital,
the nobler and more ingenious arts
were cultivated ; literature flourished i
the barbarity as the Schools was correct'
ed by good Sense and good taste. .

^ahf J ^ E C E M B E B , I 7 ^ -
But Lewis KlV. constantly meditated
a conquest of the Lew-Countries,
which he intended to commence by
that of Holland The opportunity grew
daily more favourable. This little republic
ruled upon tbe seas, but nothing
could be weaker by land Being allied
with Spain and England, she reposed too
great a confidence in the security ' of
treaties and the advantages os an immense
commerce : In proportion as her
naval armaments became disciplined
and invincible, her land-forces were
poor and contemptible Their cavalry
was composed only os citizens, who
never quitted their houses, and paid
men, which they got out of the dregs
of the people, to do theirduty for them.
The infantry was nearly upon the fame
footing. The Officers. and even the
Governors os the fortified towrns, were
either boys, or the relations of Burgomasters,
brought up in indolence and
inexperience. The Pensionary Jobo de
Will endeavoured to correct these abufes;
but he did not act with sufficient
vigour and resolution.
The firtt thing necessary to be done
was to detach England from its alliance
with Ho/lond. The Lulled Provinces
being deprived os this support, their
destruction, seemed inevitable. Lewis
^IV. did not find it difficult to engage
Charles II. in his design, by promising
him a large sura os money. Accordingly,
a Secret treary was soon signed
between the Courts of France and Englond.
A rumour of the approaching
enterprize began to Spread ; but Europe
listened to it in silence. The Emperor
being engaged in the Seditions os Hungary,
Swiden immersed in the negotiations,
and Spain being always weak,
irresolute, and slow, a free and unlimited
career was given to the ambition
as Lewis ^IV.
Hosland, to complete its misfortunes,
was divided into two factions; one os
rigid republicans, to whom the least
shadow of defpotic power appeared a
monster contrary to the laws of humanity
: The other of moderate republicans,
who were for re- instating, in the
posts of his ancestors, the young Prince
as Grange, who became afterwards fo
celebrated under the name of Willinm
Ill. John de Writ. the Grand Pensionary,
and Cornelius, his brother, were at she
head os the rigid republican s, but the party
of the young Prince began to prevail ;
and the republic, being thus more engaged
in domestic disfensons, than attentive
to its danger, contributed to its
own ruin.
Lewis not only purchased toe King of
England, brat also gained the Elector of
Cologne, and VanGaalen, Bishop ot Afanster.
The State s General, in a great
consternation, wrote to the French King,
humbly intleating his Majesty to tell
thein, Whether the great preparations
he was making were really destined agaiiist
thein, his antient and faithful allies
? Wherein they had offended him ?
And what reparations he expected r He
replied, ' That he sl iocs Id employ has
troop in such a manner as his dignity
might demand, which did not require
him to give an account os it to any
one.*
All that human prudence and ambition
is capable of contriving, for the
destruction of a state, was prepared by
Lewis ^IV ; and we have no example,
in all history, of such formidable preparations
for fo inconsiderable an enterprize
: For, among all the conquerors,
who have subjected any part of the
world, no one ever began his conquests
with fo many regular troops, nor fo
much money, as were employed by
Lewis ^IV. to subject this state of the
(suited FrondnceS. fifty millions (which
make ninety -seven millions of the present
money of France) were expended
in the preparations. Thirty shaps of
fifty guns joined the English fleet of an
hundred fail. The laing, with his brothcr,
appeared upon toe frontiers of
Spanish Flanalers and Holland near Maof
foichl and Charlerry, at the head of
i i 2,ooo men. The Bishop of Munsinr
and Elector of Cologne had near
ao,to00. The generals os the King's army
were Conde and Turenne ; Luxembourg
commanded tender them : Vaulan v as
to

to conduct the Sieges. Louvois apoear-
"ed at all places with his ufual vigilance.
A finer and, at the Same time, a better
disciplined army had never been Seen.
In particular, the King's houshold
troops, a- newly reformed, made a
most gallant appearance. They were
composed os Sour troops of life-guards,
each containing three-hundred Gentlemen
; among whom there were many
young Cadets, without pay, Subject,
with the rest, to the regular duty of the
service : Two hundred light-horse, two
bundred gensd'armes, five-hundred
mospreteers, all choSen Gentlemen in
the Slower oS rheir youth; twelve companies
of gens-d'armerie, which were
afterwards augmented to sixteen; even
an bundred Switzers accompanied the
King, and his regiments of French and
Swilzers mounted guard beSore his
bouse. or before his tent. TheSe troops.
which, in general, were covered with
gold and silver, were, at once, a terror
and admiration in the eyes os a people
to whom magnificence os every kind
was entirely unknown.
Hohand had only the young Prince of
Oi-errt^e, and about twenty-five thousand
bad soldiers to oppose against Turenne,
Conde, lie.reemhorerg, Vauhan, an hundred
and thirtftnonSand Soldiers, a prodigious
train of artillery, and plenty of
money, with which attempts were
made to corrupt the Governors of the
enemy's towns. Prince Wil/iam of
Orange, aged twenty-two, had been elected
Captain-genend of the forces:,
by the almost unanimous voice of the
nation; and John de Witt had conSented
to it thro' necessity.
He was, at first, unable to make any
opposition to the tortent which burst in
upon his country ; his forces were too
inconsiderable, and even his power limited
by the States. The French army
fell Suddenly upon Holland, who had
no ally to protect her.
Lewie caused his troops to advance towards
the Rhine, in those provinces which
border upon Hol/and, Cologne, and Fenders.
The King was at the head of his
houshold troops, and others, which
were esteemed the choicest of his forces,
to the number of thirty-thousand men,
which Turenrre commanded under him.
The Prince of Conde had the command
of another army as strong as this. The
other troops, Sometimes commanded
by Luxembourg, and Sometimes by Chamilli,
were to compote Separate armies,
as occasion might recprire, or to
join thofe, if necessary. The operations
were commenced by the Siege of
Rhinherg, Grsor, Wesel, and Bit-rich ;
which were all taken almost as loon as
invested. Rhinherg did not wait the
firing os a single cannon ; for the Lieutenantof
the place, who wis an Irishman,
had been corrupted ; and, after being
guilty of the baseness to fell himself, had
the impudence to retire to Maastricht,
where the Prince os Grange punished
him with death.
All the towns bordering on the ^hirte
and iste/, surrendered, and some of the
Governors even sent their keys on the
appearance os a few troops. The Prince
of Grarrge had not troops sufficient to
appear in the field ; all Holland expected
to be subdued. as soon as the French
had passed the Rhine. The Prince of
Grange caused lines to be drawn on the
other fide of that river, but found it
impossible to defend them ; and the
French army passed the river on a bridge
of boats, without any difficulty.
As soon as the troops had passed the
Rhine, they took Duesinurg, ^ulphen,
Arnheim, Aurernhourg, Aimeguen, Skcrik,
Bomme/, Crevecceur, &c. Lirecht sent
its keys and capitulated, together with
all the province which bears its name
Lewis made his triumphal entry into that
city, being attended by his grand Almoner,
his Confessor. and the titular Bishop
os Utrecht. The great church was gi"
ven up to the catholics with great solemnity;
and the Bishop, who had only
possessed the vain and empty title, was,
forsometime, established in arealdignity-
The provinces of Utrecht, Oversee/,
and Guilders were subjected, and Amsterdam
expected the moment of its slavery
or ruin was at hand ; and, this capital
being once taken, not only sh^

J^f I ^ E C B M B E R )
epublic would have perished, but the
nation of Ho/lond would have no longer
existed, and even the land itSelf would
loon have disappeared. The richest
families, and Some who were most defirous
os liberty, prepared to embark
for Batavin, and even fly to she extremities
of the world. The Ships capable
of making this voyage were numbered,
and it was found, that fifty
thouSand Samilies might be embarked,
to take refuge in their new country.
The Dutch would only have existed in
the most distant parts of the East-indies ;
and those European provinces which
Subsist only by their Asian riches, their
commerce, and their liberty, would,
on a Sudden, have been ruined and depopulated
Arnstcrdim, which is, as
is were, the magazine of Europe, wherein
commerce, and the arts, are cultivated
by three-hundred thousand men,
would presently have become one vast
lake. All the adjacent lands require
immense expence, and many thousands
as men, to raiSe and maintain their
banks ; and they would probably at
once have wanted the Support both of
men aad money, and would at last
have been overwhelmed by the Sea,
leaving Lewis ^IV. only the wretched
glory of having destroyed one oS the
finest monuments of human industry.
The distresses of the States were increased
by divisions ; the Grand Pensionary
de Witf thought the remainder oS
his country could not be Saved but by
lingging peace os the conqueror. The
Prince of Grange, on the contrary,
hoping every thing Srom time, and the
obstinacy oShis preseverance, did every
thing in his power to prevent a peace.
But the States resolving to Sue for peace
in Spite of the Prince, they sent four
deputies to the King's camp, to impkore
his clemency. lt was some time
before they were acquainted with the
sate of their embassy. At last the King
ordered his determination to be declared
to them, which was, that the states
should give up to him all they possessed
on the other side of the Rhine , comprehending
Nimeguen, together with se-
^ 7
vend other towns and forts in the heart
of their territories ; that they should
pay them twenty millions ; that the
French should be masters of all the great
roads of Ho/lond, both by land and water,
without paying toll ; that the Catholic
religion should be every where restored
; that the republic should every
year seaod an Ambassador extraordinary
to France, with a gold medal, whereon
should be engraved an acknowledgment,
that they held their liberties of
Lewis KIV ; and, finally, that they
Should also make satisfaction to the K.
as England, and the Princes of the Empire,
particularly thoie of Cologne and
Munster, by whom llohand Still continued
to be ravaged.
Thefe conditions of peace, fo near
allied to Slavery, appeared intolerable,
and the rigour of the conqueror inspired
the vanquished with a defperate
c courage. The Dutch refolved to die in
defence of their liberty; the hearts and
hopes of the nation were all turned upon
the Prince of Grange. The people
became enraged against the Grand Pensionary,
who had sued for peace. An
attempt was immediately made against
the life of the Grand Pensionary, John
de Witt ; and Corne/ius his brother, being
aSterwards accused of an attempt
against the Prince of Orange's life, wast
put to the rack, and in hi^ torment^
recited the hist lines of this ode of Horace
a
Justttm, & lenacens proposal vicuna
aVon civium ardor pravasuherilinrait
Aon vu/lus inslantis tyranni.
That is,
The man, in confcious virtue bold,
Who dares his secret purpose hold,
Unshaken heats the croud's tumultuous
ct ies,
And the impetuous tyrant's angry bro^tl
defies.
At last the unruly populace massa.
cred, in a molt barbarous manner, the
tYvo brothers in the Heigue t one ot'
whom had governed the State for nineteen
years with great integrity, and
the other signally served it with hi;
Sword.
The.

The Magistrates in the midst ofthese
disorders and devastations, manifested
virtues, which are Seldom Sound in republics.
ThoSe of the inhabitants who
were possessed of bank notes, ran in
crouds to the bank of Amsterdam, and
it was apprehended they would seir.e
on the public treasure. Fvery one was
eager to get his money out of the little
which was suppoSed to be remaining.
The Magistrates opened the places
where tins treasure was deposited, and
it was found entire, just as it had been
deposited sixty years beSore, and the
silver was even black Srom the effects
of the fire, by which the StadhouSe
had been consumed long before. The
bank notes till now had constantly been
negociated, and this treasiire never
touched. To this republican virtue
they joined that courage of mind,
which, for redress in irremediable misfortunes,
flies to extremes. They caused
the banks, which kept out the sea,
to be cut, and the country houses,
which are innumerable about Amsterdam,
the villages, and the neighbouring
towns, were overwhelmed. The
country people did not repine at seeing
their herds of cattle drowned in the
fields. Amsterdam appeared lilce a vast
forest in the midst of the sea, surrounded
with strips of W at, there being water
sufficient sor theni to be stationed
round the city. Therewas the greatest
scarcity among the inhabitants, efpecially
of fresh water, which was fold
for six pence a pint, but they looked
tipon these necessities as more tollerable
than slavery.
In the mean time the Prince of Orange
covered, yvith inundations, all
those passages thro* which the French
might penetrate into the rest of the
country. By the quickness and secrecy
of his negociations, he roused tire
.Emperor. the F.mpire, the Council of
Spain, and the Governors of Flanders
from their lethargy, and even disposed
England toward: peace; in short, Lewis
i^IV. entered Holland in the month of
Mar, and in July all Europe began to
conspire against him.
M ^ G A ^ I l ^ ^f A G A ^ I E 8,
Monteror, Governor of FhanderS, fecretly
caused some regiments to march
to the relief of the Carted Provinces.
The Council of the Emperor Leopol/fent
M^nlecuculi' at the head of near 2o,ooo
men ; and the elector of Brandenburgh,
who had 25ooo soldiers in his pay,
marched with them under his command.
As no more conquests could be made
in a country overwhelmed with water,
the king now quitted his army. It was
difficult to preserve the conquered provinces,
and Lewis was for keeping a
certain glory. Satisfied with haying
taken So many towns in two months,
he returned to St. Germains in the midst
offummet, and leaving Turenne and
Luxembourg to complete the war, he enjoyed
the glory of hia triumph. Monuments
of his conquests were erected,
while the powers of Europe were labouring
to deprive him oS^them.
Affairs, soon after the fling's departure,
began to put on a different afpect.
Tttrenne was obliged to march towards
Westphalia, to oppofe the Imperialists.
Monterey, the Governor of Fcanaers,
reinforced the Prince of Orange's little
army with about io,ooo men, which
enabled this Prince to resist the French
till winter, and even to balance the
fcale of fortune.
The endeavours of Lewis K1V, the
genius of Panban, the Severe vigilance
of Leuvois, the experience of Turenne,
and the intrepid activity of the Prince
of Conde, could not all repair the ertor
which had been committed in keeping
too many towns, weakening the army.
and neglecting the opportunity of entering
Amsterdam.
The Prince of Conde in vain endeavoured
tso penetrate into the heart of
Holland, when overwhelmed with waters.
Turenne could neither prevent the
junction of Montccuculi and the Prince
of Orange, nor hinder the Prince of Sdrange
frasrn taking Bonn. Tlae Bishop
of Murtster, who had sworn the destruclion
of the Slates genera/, Was himself
attacked by the Dutch,

I ^ E C s a M B E R ,
England entered Seriously into nego- ' William Alead, wish divers other per
ciati ins of peace with Heallond. So that ' Sons, to the number of" three hundred
Bewis was obliged to abandon the ' on the i 4th oi August, in the twentythree
provinces of this republic, with ' second year of the King, did unlawas
much expedition as they had been ' fully and tuinultuouSly assemble themconquered.
The triumphal arch of ' Selves together in Gracechurchstreet
the gate of St. Dennis, and the other ' to the disturbance of the peace t and
monuments of thefe conquests, were ' that the said William Penn (by agreefcaree
finished, when the conquests ' ment between him and William Mead,
themselves were abandoned. Lewis ' and being abetted by him) did there
was regarded, in Europe, as hav-' ' Ipeakand preach to the said William
ing been toao precipitate and presump- ' Mead, and the test So assembled;
tuous in the fplendor of his transitory ' whereby a great concourse and tumult
triumph. The.fruits of this enterprise ' was made and continued, to the great
were a bloody war to maintain against ' terror and disturbance of his Majesty 'e.
Spain, the Empire, and Holland una tad ; ' liege people, and against the peace, &c.
the being abandoned by England, and at To which indictment the prisoners
last by Minister, and even Colegn ; and refpectiyely pleaded not guilty.
the leaving metre hatred than admirati- Then they were set aside, and the
on ofhim, in thoSe^ territories, the con- court proceeded to other business ; and
quest of which he was forced to relin- the third of Seplemher they were orderquisti.
ed to be brought to the bar again, and
Lewis KIV. having fo many enemies one took off their hata as they came into
struggle with, caused an army of a- to court; but the court ordered an
bout 23,ooo :nen to march under Tu- officer to put on thein hats again, arad
reirne, againSt the imperialists, and ano- they stood with their hats on.
titer of 4o,ooo under Conde, against The recorder demanded of the prilhe
Prince of Grange ; a considerable foners, if they did not know it was the
bedv of troops was also assembled on King's court ; And why they did not.
lhe frontiers of Roestllon ; and a fleet, pull off their hats, anu pay the respect
filled with foldiers, was sent to carry the to it they ought ?
war against the Spaniard, even as far Penn anfwered, he knew it to be a
as Mefiria. He himself marched a se- ceourt, and he suppoa'd it to be the
cund time to make himself master of Krng's ; but he did not think the pullrainche
Compte, which he compleated ling off a hat shewld any reSpect ; Then
ia fix weeks, after which it continued the court sin'd them forty marks aueder
the dominion of France, and piece for their contempt t whereupon
seems to be fhr ever annexed to it, Pa.un deftrld it might be obferv'd, that
(To be continued,) they came in with their hats off, and
the court had ordered them to be put
orr, and therefore the bench ooout
rather to have been hn'cl than they .
The Tryal of William Perm, andWiliiam Then the jury being Sworn, the
..lead. sor a Riot and Conspiracy, at King's witnesses yyetecall*d ; and first.
the Sessions held at the Old-Bailey, the Lieutenant James Cook depoa'd,
fiest, third, fourth andhfthofSeptem- That he was sent for to disperse a
her, zo, CAR. 11. i67o, hesere ^r meeting in Gracechurch-sineet, and that
Samuel Starling, LordalLlyor, Tho. he law Mr. Penri Speaking to the peollowel,
Recorder, Alderman Thomas pie there, but could not tell what he:
Uludwortli, and the rest of lhe Com- Said ; and that he endeavoured to get to
misseaarers there. hirn, but could not Sor the croud ; and
indictment Sets forth, ' That Mr. Ahead came to tare deponent, and
I ' the said William Penn, and delir'd ham to h^t Mi'. Pettis on, aid
^t., IV. ^ ^ when

^ ^ I A G A ^ t N F ^ A G A ^ l ^ F ss,
when he had done, he would bring
bim to the deponent ; and that the deponent
believed, there might be three
or four hundred people assembled there.
Richard Read, the constable, depos'd
That on the 1 4tls of August he found
'a great croud in Graceeburch street, and
heard Mr. Penn preaching to them,
but could not distinguish what he said :
that he endeavoured with his watchmen
to pull him down, but the people
kick'd them ; and that lie law Capt.
Mead fpeaking to lieutenant Cook, but
did not know what Ire said ; and that
he thought there were sour or five hundred
people gathered together.
—Another witness depos'd, He
saw great numbers of people, and he
thought Mr. Penn was fpeaking to 'em,
but he could not hear what he said ;
but that he did not fee Capt. Mead
there.
Rec. What say you, Mr. Mead,
were you there ?
Mead. It is a maritn in your law,
Nemo tenetur sinpsum accuser re a Why
dost thou endeavour to enfnare me.
Is this like a judge, who ought to be
of council for the prisoner ?
Penn. We declare it to all the world,
•vae believe it to be our indifpenfible
duty to meet incessantly upon so good
an account ; nor shall all the powers on
earth divert us from adoring our God
who made us.
Court. Yoti are not here for worsuipping
God, but for breaking the
law.
Penn. I affirm I have broken no law,
and would know upon what law you
ground the indictment?
^ .Rec. Upon the common Law.
Perm. Where is that common law ?
If it were common, it should not be
bard to produce.
Rec. Must I run over all the adjudged
cases, which we call common
law, to satisfy your curiosity ?
Ld. Mayor. It is call'd common, to
distinguish it from statute law t You
must understand, that such assemblies
indanger the publick peace, and therefore
the law deems them unlawful, un-
less they have a warrant for their assembling.
Penn. Mv liberty, which is next ta
lite, is now concern'd ; and 1 fay again,
unless you strew me and the people
the law you ground your indictment
upon, your proceedings are arbitrary
t the question is not, whether l
am guilty of this indictment, but whether
this indictment be legal ^
Rec. If l should suffer you to ask
questions till to-mortoyy, you would he
never the wiser.
Penn. That is accoroing as the anfwers
are : 1 design no affront to the
court ; but if you deny me oyer of
that law you suggest l have broken,
you evidence to the whole world your
resolution to sacrifice the privileges of'
Englishmen to your sinister and arbitrary
designs.
Ld. Mayor. Take him away ; turn
him into the bail -dock.
Penn. Must 1 be taken away, because
I plead for tire fundamental laws of
England ? However, 1 leave it upon the
consciences of the jury, who are my
sole judges, whether those antient laws,
that relate to liberty and property, and
are not limited to particular perswasions
iii matters of religion, ouulit not to be
es • es
indifpensibly maintain'd ; otherwise who
can fay he has a right to the coat upon
his back ? Our liberties may be invaded
our wives ravished, our children
made Slaves, our families ruin'd, arcs
our estates carried off in triumph hy
every sturdy beggar, and malicious Informer.
Then he was carried away into the
bail-cock.
Mceed. You men of the jury, I stassd
here to anfwer an indictment, which ts
a bundle of stuff full of lies and salshood
.• they charge me, that l met
Pit' & armis illicite & lumulluosc Tiose
was indeed, when lhad freedom to ule
a carnal weapon, and then I thought 1
sear'el no man, but now l fear the living
God, and dare not make ple thereof,
or hurt any man ; nor do l knov.
I demeanld myself as a tumultuous person;
and therefore William Perm P^'

D E C E M B E R ,
perly demanded oyer of the law on
which the indictment is founded. You
men oS the jury, tho' Mr. Recorder
will neat tell you what makes a riot, a
rout, or an unlawful assembly, Coke
tells us, A riot is, where three or more
are mct together to heal a man, lo enler
sincibly inlo his land, or lo cut down lo"s
grass, wood, pales, &c.
Bee. Or to do any other unlawful
act ; but 1 thank you Mr, Mead, for
telling me what the law is : ^pulling
off his hat.j
Mead Thou may'st put on thy hat ;
1 have never a see for thee noav.
Ld. Mayor. You profess to be a
meek man, but deserve to have your
taongue cut out for affronting the
court.
Mead. Thou didst promise me 1
should be fairly heard : Why may not
1 haye she privilege of an Englishman ?
You may be ashamed oS this dealing.
Bee. You are an enemy to the laws
oSEnglond, and do not delerve the privileges
others have.
Mead. The Lord judge between me
and thee in this matter.
Then he was put into the bail-dock,
and the recorder directed the jury.
Which while he was doing, Penn
and Mead cry'd out Srom the bail-dock,
that it was illegal to direct the jury in
the abSence of the prisoner, and quoted
Coke's Second institution, on the
chapter oS Magna Charta.
Ree. Why ; you are preSent, you do
hear, do you not ?
Then the prisoners cry'd out, They
had Several other things to offer, and
that they had been violently thrust into
the bail-dock, and not Suffer'd to
make their deSence.
The court order'd the jury to go
together, and after half an hour eight
oSshem came down, and the court
lent soy the other Sour, and demanded
if the prisoners were guilty.
1 he Soreman answer 'd, that Penn
^aa guilty of Speaking in Graceehnrchstreet.
Bee. You had as good Say nothing.
Ld, Mayor. Was it not an unlaw-
ful assembly ? You mean, he was Speaking
to a tumult oS people there.
Foreman. That is all l have in commission.
Rec. Go, and consider of it again.'
After fome time the jury return'd
into court.
Clerk. How say you, Is William Penn
guilty in manner and form, as he stands
indicted ?
Then the foreman tendered the following
paper to the court, sign'd by all
the jury.
We the jurors hereafter named, do
find William Penn to be guilty of Speaking
or preaching to an assembly met:
together in Graceehurch street, the l 4th
of August last, i67o. And that William
Mead is not guilty of the Said indictment.
Some oS the bench Yvere Sor accepting
this verdict ; but the evidence being
as Sull against Mead, as against Penn,
the court reSusld it.
Ld. Mayor. You have heard that:
he preached, that he thereby created it
tumult, and that Mead abetted him ;
and they not only disobeyed the martial,
but the civil power.
Penn. We did not make the tumult,.
but they that intertupted us. We Yvere
by Sorce and arms kept out os our law-
Sul houSe, and met together in a peaceable
manner as near to it, as she Soldiers
would give us leave.
The court Swore an offieer to keeno
the jury without meat, drink, fire or
candle, and adjournal till next morning;
Y.hen the jury came into the court
again.
Clerk. Is W^iloam Penn guilty, &c.
Foreman. William Penn is guilty of
Speaking in Gracecloirchistreet.
Ld. Mayor. To an unlawful assembly.
Bushel No, my lord, We give no
other verdict than that we gave last
night.
lad. Mayor. You are a factious fellow,
and a course ought to be taken
with you.
Rec. 1 will have a positive verdict,
or you shall starve Sor it.
Ftnn

Penn- Have they not Sound William
Mead not guilty ? Is not that a verdict.
Rec. It cannot be a verdict, because
you were indicted oSa conspiracy; and
one being found not guilty, and not
the other, it cannot be a verdict.
Penn. The conSent of the jury is a
verdict ; and if William Mead be not
guilty, it follows that 1 am clear ; for
I oould not conspire alone.
Theeourt adjournal 't lit e^t day, and
directed the jury to be kept as before:
hut when they returnal into court the
next morning, they gave a verdict,
That the prisoners were neither ofrhein
guilty.
Whereupon tho court set a Sine of
forty marks upon the heaal of every
eone of the jury, and order'd them to be
imprison al till paid, forgoing contrary
to plain evidence.
Penn. 1 demand my liberty, being
acquitted by the jury.
Ld. Mayor. No : You are in for
your Sines, and contempt of the court.
Then the jury, as well as the prisoners,
were commanded to be carried
to A'ewgate, and the court arose.
^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^
From the LONDON ^GAZEttEER.
To the E O O L.
Is is a/1 mens oshce to speak patience.
To thist that ring tinder the lead of furrow
;
But no man's virtue, nor fifieicnry
To he so moral. when he shall endure
The like hiruseef SliAitEsPEAR.
S IR,
f J A 1 N and sickness are the two
^^ great evils, which men are acs.aastomed
to contemplate with terror t
They are, indeed, alarming to the foul.
hut they are not a little heightened by
the force of imagination, which often
represents them to tile mind as more
formidable than they reallv are, and
skives them an additional sting to afflict
the sufferer. But however dreadful
Sit kness and pain may be, when contemplated
at a distance, set like the
other Scourges os'.Providence, they arc
not permitted to exercise their influence
without a purooSe. Men, indeed, are
born to suffer, but then it is for Something
; either as a punishment for the
wanton abuse of health, or to teach
them that in this world there is no real
happiness, no genuine security, but in
virtue.
1 hope, Mr. Fool, vou will etntise
me, for presuming a little to interrupt
the stream of your jocularity, by Sending
you a sew thoughts on a subject,
serious and important - a Subject, which
1 have l-atelv had occasion to Seel ; and
it may be permitted to those who have
been sick, to have the satisfaction to
contemplate the danger past, which
sills she mind v'eith a serene kind of joy
like that which the mariner feels, when
he has just escaped the terrors asthe
deep. Sickness which naturally carries
with it a cessation of all these junctions
that heighten pleasure. alters the person,
who feels, as it were, from himfdS ;
while he has no appetite Sor enjoyment,
he is at the same time labouring ueder
the severe hand of affliction t ISIiis mttal
continues in foil vigour, and is capable
of reflection, he then begins to wonder,
that all the enjoyments of his past life
now cease to succour him ; nor does I e
find, that the recollection of 'em yields
hiui so much pleasure, as they tiled to
do in his I ours of health. He is then
disposed to think, that his firmer plea-
Sores were lying vanities, that they only
cheated his understanding, and that he
has been pursuing, all his life, the mere
Shadow of felicity, while the substance
was at a distance from him. True happiness
is to be measured by its intenScnefs
and duration, and if the happiness which
disguises itSels under the Specious shew ^
pleasure, but which ought in reality ^
be denominated folly, is reckoned n^
tenfe when Selt ; he, who languishes eon
a frck bed, to his experience knows, thttt
it is without duration, for it is now nets,
like the hours of yesterday, and can
more be recalled, than the years hey^
the stood, All men who have any rehin
sor friendship, let the greatest value tipon
that Sriead, who d-oes not fois^

Ji^ E C E M
them in the hours of distress ; and all
men, who have an uncorrupted relish
for pleaSure, ought to place the highest
•value upon that which yields the most
comfortable reflections, Yyhen it can no
longer be enjoyed. This is one grand
purpoSe intended by Providence in inflicting
the calamity of sickness. Men,
whose passions would not permit them
to rest, but lured them Sream one toy to
another, in the vain pursuit oS what
Yyas never to be found, shut their ears
against the voice as admonition, and
charmed their eyes with fanciful illusions,
which, as Shakefpear finely expreffes
it, have no more basis lhan the
suhrick of a vision, are now obliged to
fuller a while an eclipfe of gaiety, and
in place of running the giddy rounds of
frolick, and midnight revelry, must languish
a while in obScttritv ; and happy
for them, if, in this period, they begin
to think ; for that purpose was it intended,
to gain time for recollection. They
for a wnile make a truce with their appetites
: They are to examine their
rendenev and force, and ought to consider.
Yyhether anv thing has been gained
by their irregular indulgence, and whether
they could not wish, that many of
the seeneS of delight, fallly reckoned fo,
had never been shewn, or that they
had never taken pleasure in them.
It was a saying of cardinal Wulsev,
when he found himself abandoned by
the king, and ready to be sacraficed to
the resentment of the noblest G 1 that
1 hadserved my God, with as much fidelity
as 1 have rny king, he would not have forsaken
me in rny distress. The cardinal
•nad fallen from the highest pinnacle of
greatness, winch he had maintained
withunfufferable haughtiness and Superiority
; but what dad all bis fplendid
wretchedness amount to, when it only
exposed him to unnumbered enemies,
who at last produced his ruin ?
As it is with poverty, fo is it often
with sickness ^ it serves to discover to a
man his extreme insignificance, and how
kttle his existence adds to the general
weal, or pleasure of society. To-day,
is he Sparkles at a party of pleasure,
B E R, 1 7 ^ . ^
and to-morrow^ is thrown upon a bed
of agony, ins absence but little affects
those who remain ; they think of him
as a thing that is past, a Slower that
yesterday bloomed, but now is withered
; and as he came to give them
pleasure, or to jeain with tlaem in it,
he is cast out of their thoughts as an
impertinent intruder, and is no more
. minded than the loathsome Yveed,
Y'ahich is trodden under foot. He receives
little ce am last from fhase gevygaYY'S
oS a clav, who bnt lately Shone
with him ; and the butterflies which
buotr.ed around hi n, know him no
more. They cannot chase to visit
the chambers of the sick, there is no
incantation there ; they fly from ir,
as from a peftilence, and have not fouls
formed for Sympathy ; and as it is natural
for every one, avho thinks he is
departed from this vorld, to cast one
longing /irgcting /ook behind, he has not
from them the comfort of a falling tear ;
he dies unlamented, nor is there one
pious drop at closing his eyes.
If sickness then thus Serves to discover
to a man the real estimate of his
importance, and the infidelity, or cold
indifference, of his companions, it ought
to teach him to place his happiness in
that winch Yvill never forsake him, and
that .alone is virtue. It ought to teach
him, that they who encourage him in
a course of licentiouSnefs, will be the
first to forsake him ; and for such associations
as these, a man pavs very dear,
who barters his innocence.
Sickness likewise teaches us itow to
estimate health ; with what care it
ought to be preserved, and how foolish
thraie are who sell this blessing for a
bauble. 1 am no friend to a Settled
gloominefs of temper : A man ought
to be cliearful, to maintain an evenness
offpirit, love his friends, and doat upon
his favourites ; but this should be
done with the grand reserve of never
sacrificing virtue to gaiety, and for the
tanfitory flashes of art and pleafantrv,
the lasting qual'tiesofgocd-nature, Sincerity,
and indoor.
D R A C O .
JOURNAL

^ 4 ^ MAG A ^ I^F ^ M A G A ^ F 8,
J O U R N A L ^ tb^ ^ d OFSBATF8 lit
f b ^ t d H T I C A L GLUB, COD^Httl^d ^lTHTt 4 ^ .
The next Speech 1 shad send you to the
Debate, hegun in yorsr /ast, was a Reply
made by L. Batbios Daves, (Alderman
W—II—m B—k—r) lo what
had heen said against his Motion, which
was as follows, viz.
.Mr. President,
SIR,
A S there is no gentlemen whose
f''^. opinion l have a greater regard
for, than for that of the honourable
gentleman who Spoke halt. and as his
knowledge and integrity are so well
known, that his opinion must always
have great weight with every gentleman
here, I hope the houSe will give
me leave to add a few words to what
1 have before Said in Savour of this bill,
by way of anSwer to the objections he
has been pleased to make against it.
As to the maxim of policy, which he
Says ought always to be followed by a
trading nation, l really do not know
what maxim he means, unless it be
that which Says, that no restraint ought
ever to be laid upon trade, but that it
ought always to be left to pursue its
natural course. If this be the maxim
referred to, the prefent flourishing condition
of our commerce, manufactures,
and navigation muft convince us, that
it is a general maxim, which, like most
others, admits of a multitude of exceptions
; and I hope to shew, that
this bill is founded upon what has always
been thought to be a very just
prudent, and necessary exception.
Let us but recollect, Sit, the many
laws we have for laying restraints upon
trade, especially thofe of Edward Ill.
and queen Elizabeth, and we must allow,
that most of our present manufactures
were owing to restraints upon
trade; and if we will but look back to
the famous act of navigation in the
reign of Charles ll. or the act passed
in the same reign for making it felony
to export sheep or wool out of the
kingdom, we must confess, that the
great improvement of our navigation,
as well as manufactures, is chiefly owing
to restraints laid upon trade. Some
of these restraints may, now that our
trade is established, seem to be unnecessary
; but the success that attended
thofe restraints in the infancy os our
trade, must point out to us one general
exception from this general maxim,
which is, that we ought never to allow
any of our rivals in trade to make an
advantage by our people, or by our
native commodities, if by any restraint
we can confine that advantage to ourselves;
and this exception militates
much more powerfully against thofe
who may probably be our enemies,
than againSt those who in all probability
will be our friends and allies in the
iiext war we happen to be engaged in.
It is upon this exception, Sit, that
the prefent bill is sounded; and upon
this exception, it must be allowed that
it has as solid a foundation as any bill
of the some nature can have ; for as to
the prince who is the patron of the in.,
fant East-India company, against which
this bill Seems chiefly to be designed,
we can never expect, that he or any
of his successors will be our friend,
whilst we have the good fortune to
have the present royal family upon our
throne, or to be in close alliance with
the house of Austria; therefore the hon.
gentleman needs be under no concern
about what may, or may not, irritate
that prince t Our only concern ought
to be, and l hope always will be, rather
to prevent the effects, than to
lessen the motives, of his displeasure ;
for the latter can never be totally removed,
but by such a revolution in
our government, as will never be attempted
by any man, who has a true
regard either for our liberties or our religion,
^ .for

For this reaSon, Sit, if this bill can
any way tend towards preventing the
effects of that prince's displeasure, it
must be allowed to be a good bill ; and
it mult be allowed, that next t^, that of
diminishing his power, the best method
for this purpose is to preyent its increase
; but do not we know by experience,
that a flourishing trade, efpecially
an East-India trade, adds to the
pcasver of every country where it is e-
StabliShed ? Can we then balance a
moment about doing all that is in our
power, Sor prevenring the establishment
of Such a trade in she country os
a prince, vvho in all probability will be
one of our most inveterate eaaemies ?
Hut this is not all, Sir; the establishment
of this trade will bid Sairer lor
incroahing upon our own East-India
trade, that any such trade hitherto Set
up in Europe ; Sor every one knows,
thatHambeurg is the great mart Sor
ail those commeodities which we hring
from India, and which cannot be consumed
here at home ; and every gentleman
may See by a glance of his eye
upon the map, that the passage Srom
Fmbden to Hambourg is much easier,
Safer, and cheaper, than the passage
stum London to Harnbeurg. Is it
then possible to doubt oS its being incumbent
upon us to restrain our own
people Srom contributing towards the
establishment of" this trade ? Can any
one S'iappoSe, after what the Hon. gentleman
himSelf has Suid, that a ready
and cheap access to insurance upon
their strips and cargoes. will not promote
the establishment oS this trade ?
Sit, I have So geood an opinion oS the
understanding and judgment oS the
Hon. gentleman who Spoke last, that
as it is always with diffidence 1 oppoSe
his Sentiments, So 1 am proud to find
them in any caSe the Same with mine;
therefore 1 was glad to hear him admit,
that the businefsof insurance is of great
advantage to trade in general, as wel
^ to every particular branch ; but,
ings he, if yycre no such thing as
insurance, there would nevertheless be
f^me trade, because Some men would
E C B M B E R , 1 7 ^ . ^
be So adventurous as to carty it on at
their own Sole risk. In this 1 shall readily
join with him; but then he must
join with me in admitting, that in Such
a.cafe, men of" finals fortunes could
never with any fort of prudence embark
in any foreign trade ; and he did
admit, that even merchants of larerc
, es
capitals, could not carry on their commerce
with such security and ease as
they do at present ; to which 1 shall
add, that if there were no insurance,
even Sueh merchants could not pvusb
their commerce to such an extent as
they do now by thrs method of insurance;
for a merchant of zo,oool. capital
may embark i 5,oool. upon one
bottom, when he knows, that by insuring
her he cannot lose above 8 or
ioa. per cent. but it would be the height
of imprudence in him to embark half
that sum upon one bottom, were he by
himself' alone to run the whole risk.
But, fays the Hon. gentleman, our
great companies do not infure at present
; and it would be die interest of
the Emoden company to Sand their
own insurers, which we shall force thein
to pursue by passing this bill. Sit, l
shall grant that trie great East-ludra
companies, sueh as traat of Holland,
France, and England, do not insure,
nor have any occasion to do fo, because
the loSs of two or three Ships,
would not much alsect their capital or
credit ; but there is not another East-
India company in Europe that does
not, and it would be madness in the
Emoden company not to irafure ; Sor,
considering the sinallness of their capital,
the loss of two or three ships without
any insurance, would rum them
past recovery. The Hon. gentleman
himself has told us, that he Sometimes
stands his own insurer, but at the fame
time he confesses, that he does not always,
and even admits that it would
have been imprudent in him to risk all
his adventures without insurance ; vet
his private fortune is, l believe, alone
equal, or very near equal, to the Embderr
company's whole capital : How
much more imprudent then would it be
in

1n them to risk all their adventures
without insurance, as their adventures
will generally consist of she far greatest
part of their capital, wirereas the lloii.
gentleman's, 1 believe, seldom, if ever,
amounted at once to one year's nroduce
of his estate ?
Thus, Sir, it appears from what the
Hon. gentleman himself confesses, that
it yvoasd be imprudent in the lamloden
company to Stand their own insurers :
and indeed 1 should wish for nothing
more than that they would do So.
There would then be no occasion Sor
such a bill as this ; for by tSie first ship
they lost, they would probably be undone.
But 1 aan persuaded they will
always insure, and the high price they
paid here for insurance upon the sirst
ship they fitted out, is a prooS os their
being resolved always to do So, if it be
possible. That price 1 shall admit was
lb high as to give their rivals a great
advantage over them ; but if chat ship
returns Safe, the insurance upon tire
next will cost them no inore than the
common rate; if this bill be not pasted
into a law. New projects are always
deemed hazardous, therefore the insurance
upon such must run high, as the
insurers are wholly unacqua.uieed with
the knowledge and capauaty of the undertakers
; but upon trie late return of
their first Slip, our insurers will be assured
of what may be true, but what
they could not before know : They
will be assured that, as the Hon. gentleman
says, the Embuen company's
ships are as good, as well sound and
rigged, and as skilfully navigated, as
the ships os our own East India company
: When they are assured os this,
they will ask no higher, or but a very
little higher, price, than what at is
paid for iniuiance upon our own East-
India ships ; and thus that company
will grow to maturity, which, by
pasting athis bill, v.e may probably nip
in the bud.
What l have hitherto said, Sir, by
way of answer to the Hon. gentleman's
ejections, he seeined to be ^ware of,
and thereto ee late- laa^d the principal
^ Sof M A G A ^ I ^ lil 8,
stress of his argument upon informing
us, that there were insurance oilices
and insurers in other countries as well
as in this, and that insurances might
be made at as cheap a rate, and losses
as Speedily and safely recovered, in Several
parts of Europe, as here at London.
If l had thought so, Sit, 1 should
not have troubled you with this bill,
nor Should 1 push she bill, if 1 could
be convinced of it. 1 know that there
are insurance offices and insurers in other
countries as will as here ; and in
some one branch, or at some one time,
it may happen, that an insurance may
be had as cheap, or a little cheaper
than here ; for as the value os the risk
requires a very nice and difficult calculation,
or rather cannot at all be calculated
with any certainty, the price
of insurance may be called a fashion,
which, like other fashions, is regulated
by those who have the chief character
amongst those who follow it, and they
may at one particular time, or in one
particular branch, set too high a price
here or the chief insurers abroad may
set too low a price there. With respect
to the insurance from Jamaica in particular,
it may probably happen, that the
Dutch set Sometimes a less price upon
it slianwe do, because they regulate it
according to the price from Curaffow.
without duly considering that the navigation
froiii Jamaica is much more,
erangerous and difficult ; for from Curaffow
they have the land breeze to
carry them along the northern coast os
South America, until they get to the
eastward of all the islands, when they
may ply to the northward with great
ease and safety ; and as their ships are
generally stout ships and well manned,
trie Spanish Guarda Costas seldom clause
to attack them. But a little experience
would soon convince the Dutch, that
our insurers put no higher price upon
the insurance of ships from Jamaica
than the risk really deserves.
Then as to the r e c o v e r y of losses,
Sit, it is certain, that our insurers are
ieil os fortunes Superior to any in the
world ; and tho* disputes may sume-
^ tiiii^

D E C E M B E R ,
times happen, yet l am Sure, I may
with truth Say, that they are inferior
to no Set oS men whatever, for honour
and justice. When there is areal canfe
Scar dispute, it may require fome time
hefore that dispute can be determinedt
hut as all Such disputes are usually determined
by a trial at law, the suit is
not near So tedious as Such Suits are in
other countries ; and to the honour of
nur judges, I believe, every gentleman
will grant, that a man, whether native
or foreigner, may depend more upon
impartial justice in this country than
in any country in the Yvorld.
Whatever thereSore may happen as
to particular times, or particular branches
of trade, I will fay, Sit, that
iaisurances are now in general cheaper
and Safer in England than in any country
in Europe ; and of this l cannot
bring a stronger proof than its being
notorious, that all the trading countries
in Furope now fend hither Sor insurances
; Sor tho* people may Sor Some
time go to a shop they have been long
accustomed to, without being at the
pains to inquire where they may meet
with better usage, yet this will not long
continue, if Such another shop can be
Sound t They will all by degrees make
the inquiry ; and every one, as Soon
as he has Sound a shop where he is
better ufed, will leave that he has been
accustomed to ; therefore l eko r^t in
the least doubt, but that many foreigners
have made the Same inquiry which
the Hon. gentleman was pleased to
make ; but from their continuing to in-
Sure at London, l must Suppose, that
very few of them made the Same discovery
-, for cent. per cent. is Such
an advantage as every man in his
right SenSes would graSp at, when it can
be fairly and honestly obtained. For
she same reason, l believe, the Lfongentleman
will no longer Send to Cork
market Sor English herrings, tho' in
thiseale there may be a conveniency,
which may overbalance the difference
as the price, becaufe most of our West
India ships, outward bound, take in
Salt beef and other provisions at Cork,
YoL. IV,
which is generally the chief part of the
cargo ; and for the fake of stowage.
and upon several other accounts, they
may find it neceflary to delay taking in
any herrings till they arrive- there.
Therefore this can be no proof of people's
continuing to go to an accustomed
shop, after they have discovered
that they may have better usage elsewhere
; and indeed it is fo contrary to
the nature of mankind, efpecially the
trading part, that it can in no cafe be
easily believed.
For this reafon, Sir, I must Still be
of opinion, that insurances even for
fmall sums are now in general cheaper
and laser at London than any where
else ; for as to very large Sums, Such
as that which must be insured upon a
trading ship bound to the East Indies,
I very much doubt whether an insurance
can be found any where in Europe,
exeept at London ; there being
no other city in Europe where there are
foeh numbers of rich moneyed mars,
which is one of the many advantage^
we reap from our public funds, every
shilling of which may be called ready
money in the proprietor *s pocket ;
whereas a man may be possessed of a
vast land estate, and yet have very
little money at command, to anfwer a
loss, should he begin to deal as an insurer.
It is this command of ready
money that has induced such numbers
as our peoale to engage in the business
of insuring ; for besides our public
offices, there is now, 1 believe, as
great a number of rich men who deal
iio that way in England, as in all
Europe besides ; and I am convinced,
that our public offices and private insurers
in England have a larger Sum of
oS money at command, than all the
other inSurers in Furope together ;
which is another argument for proving,
that inSurances mult be cheaper aid
Safer here in the general, than in any
other country in Europe : This makes
me believe, that it will be very difficult,
if not impossible, for the Emden eornpany,
to find any where a SaSe insurance
tor Such large Sums as they must
Y y y insure

^^ ^ MAG A^ INF ^ MAGA^I^F^,
insure, if they be deprived of she power they would be brought against him, he
of inlisring in England ; and if they found himSelf under a necessity to ex-
should find it impossible to insure, they claim against the monopoly oS our
muSt either give over the E. India trade, East India company, and propose a me-
or they will run a very great risk of thod Scar laving the trade open. Sir, I
being undone in aferv years. There- am as much as any man can be against
fore it is apparent, that by giving up a monopoly in any trade, which can he
the advantage w^ might make by in- carried on without it ; and if the Fast
furing upon their East -India ships, we India company made a bad use of their
shall have at least a chance. and l think monopoly, I Should be as ready as any
a very good one, of preventing their gentleman in this honse to make an in-
interfering with us in the East-India quiry into their conduct ; but I ara
trade.
sully convinced, that they now do a,
As to the advantage which the nati- much as they can for the benefit of the
on reaps by the business of insurance, nation as tvell as their erwn; and in
I shall most readily grant, Sit, that it every branch of trade where forts and
is very considerable; but Surely it must settlements must he established and
be allowed, that the nation would reap maintained, and where great applicati-
a greater advantage Srom the trade on as well as rich presents must he made
which is inSured, than it can reap trout to foreign potentates or their ministers,
insuring upon that trade. Suppose an a company with an exclusive privilege
Embdeti East-India ship to be vvorth must he Set up for carrying on the
loooool. and insured here at the rate trade, or the government itself must
os i6l. per cent. which amounts to be at all that expence. This, Sit, is
i6,oool. we can reackon this whole the case with regard to the East-India
Sum of r6,o00l. clear profit to the na- trade more than any other : In short,
tion ; but SuppoSe that, according to it is impossible, and always will be, to
the doctrine oS chances, we may reckon •carry on that trade without a compa-
the clear profit at 5cd per cent. in ny ; for application must often, and al-
that case the clear profit to the nation most upon every oceaston, be made to
would be only Soool. Now SuppoSe Seome of the eastern monardas, and
that by demolishing the Embden com- these monarths require Such ceremonies,
pany, our East India company should and Such Submissions, that it would be
be able to employ yearly icto,oool. inconsistent with the honour oS the namore
in the East-India trade than they - tion, to have any Such application made
could otherwise, and that by all the in the narne os the nation, or of she
money employed in that trade the na- sovereign. It would give them such a
tion has a clear preofit oS 5ol. per cent. mean opinion of the nation, that it
for l must obferve, that a great part would disappoint us in every applicati-
of the company's expence is clear on we found it neceflary to make :
profit to the nation, is it not evi- Whereas, when they See our company's
dent that the nation would by this governors making - a figure, as they
means reap a clear profit of 5o,o00l. do and must make in the Fast-inlies,
and thus by giving up the opportunity and are told that this governor is oing
lis reaping a clear profit of 8oool. by the servant of a sew merchants who are
inSurance, the nation may probably the subjects, and. but low Subjects, of
reap a clear profit oS 5o,oool. by trade. a great Sovereign in Europe, they sonn
Is not this, Sit, an advantage worth a high opinion of the poster and riches
aiming at? Would it not be madness of tire nation ; and think it their honour
in us to risk the loss of 5o,00ol. for the as well as interest to cultivate a friend-
fake of taking 800ol.
ship with us.
As there is Sio anSwering or evading
arguments from figures, and as the
Hon gentleman, perhaps, foresaw that
This, Sit, makes it necessary set' ^
to have always an East-India compalive

E C E M
ny; and that it is fo; is confirmed by
the practice of all the nations in Europe,
who have attempted to open a trade to
India, as every one of them have for
this purpose established an Fad-India
company. Whether this company
ought to be an open or anexchisiY*e company
it a question cis another nature,
and a cpreStion that. I am sure, cannot
be determined during this session ; but
as to what has been proposed by the
Hon. gentleman, l think, we may
from experience conclude, that a company
under such regulations could not
long Subsist, or be able to Support the
forts, settlements and embassies in the
Fast- Indies; for what be proposes is very
like what was done in the year 1698,
with regard to our African company,
which isatradethat never required any
embassies, or expensive applications to
powerful princes ; and vet it is well
known, that from that time our Asrican
ceompany has daily decayed, and
that their farts and Settlements on that
Coast would have been long Since abandoned
by t itean, and possessed by ottr
rivals, is' they had not bern Supported
by the publick expence. That trade,
is it true, is now put upon a different
footing, and Such a Sooting as was never
heard of before t How it Yvill
thrive upon this "new footing, I shall
not prerend to foretel ; but l think,
we should at least wait until we can
lee how that trade will profper upon
this new footing, before we venture So
put our East-India trade under that or
any other new regulation.
To conclude, Sit, I have, l think,
clearly shewn, that the nation cannot
loSe above 8 or io,o001. bv passing
this bill into a law, and that il" we
should thereby prevent the establishment
of the new Fast-India company
at Fmoden, and of course every future
saast-India company, Yve shall gain many
hundreds of thousands. This is fo
Plain, and the probability is fo much
m our favour, that I cannot suggest to
myself So much as a plausible reason
why any gentleman should be against
the motion I have made, and there-
B E R, 1 7 ^ . ^
fore, I hope, as l Said beSore, that
my motion Yvill be unanimously agreed
to.
The last who spoke in this Debate, was
T. Sicinius, (H-mp-ry SycI-nh-m)
whose speech was as so/lows.
Ale. President,
SIR.
f SHALL in a very Sew words Sana
^ upo what l have to say upon this
Subject, and, indeed, it dons not require
a great many ; for all the arguments
made use of by the Hon. gentleman
who Spoke last, not excepting
even his arguments from figures, were
founded upon Suppositions that cannot
reasonably be SisppoSed, or upon facts
unsupported by any proof, and such
too as from the nature of things are
highly improbable. He Set out vvitis
Supposing that the prince, who is the
poatron as tlrrs Emlodera company, wall
always be one of" our most inveterate
enemies : This may be So, whilst we
continue in clos'e alliance with the
hottSe of Austria, and that house seems
resolved to revindicate Silesia as Socarr
as an opportunity offers ; but how cart
the Hon, gentleman know or suppose
that we shall always continue in close
alliance with the house of Austria ^
For l remember since we entered into
an alliance with France against the
house of Austria ; and if we Should do
fo again, we might perhaps find this
very prince a more firm friend than
we at that time sound his ancestor.
The Hon. gentleman, next SuppeaSed,
Sit, that if the Emoden company
stood their owai insurers, they would
be Soon undone That this is ptslfible.
Sit, l shall grant ; but l must insist,
that it is highly improbable ; lor if an
inquiry Yvere to be made into the history
of the East-lndra trade, 1 believe,
it would appear, that os" all the ships
that have been Sent thither front
Europe, within the last 50 years,
out oS2o have returned safe and without
any damage; and, l believe, it
will be granted, chat if but ten as that
com^

^4^
^ MAGA^INF ^fr MAGA^INF8,
company's Ships return Safe beSore they
loSp one, they will be Sully enabled to
bear the loss of that one. But this is
not all : We mult not only supp ose it
impossible for the Embdcn company
to Stand their own insurers, but we
must SuppoSe, that iS we prevent their
insuring here, it will be impoShble for
them to find insurers, any where else
f r Such a large Sum ; and to Suppose
that all the insurers in Holland and
France, are not able to inSure ioo^oool.
or will not be willing to insure Such a
Sum at Such an extravagant price as
has been already paid here, is, I think,
as unreasonable a Supposition as ever
•was Supposed I have Said, Sit, an
extravagant price ; because, iS Sor 5o
years past not above one ship out of
2o has been lost or damaged, the insurance,
according to the doctrine os
chances, ought not to exceed 51 per
cent. and consequently iS our insurers
received i6,oool. Sor insuring ioo,o001.
upon the first Embden ship bound to
India, they had i s.oool. clear prosit.
Sir, 1 do not trouble my head about
the question, whether the insurance be
cheaper and SaSer here than in any other
part oS Europe : IS the fact be true,
that commissions for insurance are Sent
here fiom all pasts of Europe, mote
frequently than to any other place,
(which, by the by, stands unsupported
by any prooS) I shall grant that it may
he true. But whether it be true or
not, can be cof no weight in the prefent
debate ; for if the Emboen company
can stand their own inSurers, or if they
can insure, tho* at a higher price, any
where else, this bill can no war contribute
towards presenting their establishment
; and their having insured their
first ship is no proof of their being re-
Solved always to insure. It was prudent
and cautious in them to insure
their first adventure, which, as it is already
done, we cannot prevent ; but if
their first ship returns SaSe, and makes a
good voyage, their profits upon her will
enable them to stand their own insurers
upon the next ; and iS two or three
more oS their ships return Sale before
they lofe one, they will probably re-
Solve to stand always their own insurers.
But these 1 have mentioned, Sit, are
not all the improbable Suppositions that
must be supposed for rendering this bill
necessary or useful. We must next suppose,
that this Embden company will,
by underselling us, beat us out erf the
Hambourg market. This, l shall grant
is not very improbable, considering the
extravagant profits which our monoply
company have always insisted on ; but
to give any weight to this supposition,
we may add another which is highly
improbable, and this is, that if we prevent
the establishment oS the Erabdcn
company, no other company can heat
us out of that market. Now, as the
French already carry on a very great
trade to Hambourg, and as the passage
from Gottcnburg or Copenhagen is but
a mere triste more expensive than that
fiom Emoden to Hambourg, I will
say, that if the Embden company could
beat us out of Hamboilrg market for
the sale of East-India goods, the French,
Danish, or Swedish companies will do
the same, and the two latter lie more
eonvenient for the markets at Petersburgh,
Dantzick. and all the other
ports in the Baltiok, than that or Embden.
Consequently, either the Embden
company can do no injury to our trade,
should it be established, or if it could,
our trade will equally suffer from some
other company, Should that of Embden
be demolished.
This bill is therefore, Sir, either absolutely
unnecessary, or it will be absolutely
ineffectual : Nay, what is
much yvorse, it is mischievous ; for if
the Emboen company continues to in-
Sure their ships, we are by this bill to
give up a certain clear profit os to or
i a.octol. a year. perhapr double that
sum, without so much as a prospect oS
any compensation ; and it will be a
second step towards driving from this
country the whole business of insuring.
An insurance office, Sit, isof the Same
nature with a shop : A stock of ready
money, a stock of goods, signifies no-
thing

J^rY F. C E M
thing, unless you can procure customers
: By our law against inforing
French ships during the war. we not
only forced shena to open a shop Sor
insurance, but we drove a great number
of our own customers to their shop,
and by this bill we are to drive a new
number of our own customers thither ;
for if this. bill passes into a law, not
only the E.nbden company. but all the
merchants at Emoden, will resort to
the French shops for inSaaraa.ee : By
this means they may gain such a credit,
that in a sew years France may
become the chief market in Europe for
insurance ; for l very much Sear that,
notwithstanding the late increaSe os
our public debts, which I now find is
to be deemed a national advantage :
1 Say, 1 very much Scar, that the number
ol rich men is in the wane in
England, and in France upon the increase.
In short, Sir, l cannot Suggest to my-
Self any one reaSon Scr the introduction
of this bill, but a selfish humour in our
Fast-India company, who cannot bear
being obliged to full at 40, or perhaps
3ol. per cent. those goods which they
have for So many years fold at 5ol. per
ceut.^profit ; and a Sally pettish humour
in Some others against a great prince,
only because he Shews a proper resentment
oS fame projects that were formed
against him not many years ago,
and Some that are now upon the anvil.
But neither of these reasons will, l
hope, be So far adopted by this houfe,
as to induce us to pass such an unr.eceffary,
ineffectual, and mischievous bill.
On the contrary, thefe reasons should
induce us to reject the bill with indignation,
and to set on Soot two enquiries
of a very different nature. One,
in order to discover why our East-India
company are fo much afraid of the
letting up of other Fast-India companies
in Europe ; for if they sold all European
goods in India, and all Indian
goods in Europe, as cheap as they could
possibly be Sold, they could not have
occasion to be alraad of any rivals ;
but that they neither do So, nor have
B E E , ^41
everdoneso, is, 1 think, manifest without
any enquiry ; first, from the gene,
ral rumour against them ; secondly,
from their having an exclusive privilege ;
and thirdly, from tire many Fast- India
companies that have been lately Set up,
or attempted to be Set up. There-
Sore, without any inquiry 1 may prophesy,
that if we do not soon put
our East-India trade upon some footing
different from what it is on at present,
we shall in a Sew years neither have a
settlement, nor a ship to sail, beyond
the Cape of Good Hope.
The other enquiry, Sit, which this
bill ought to put us upon, is that of inquiring
how it comes, that one of the
greatest princes in Germany is now So
clofely linked with France ; tho' his
ancestors, for a great number of years
past, were always among the first to enter
into, and to fopport with all their
might, a confederacy against that nation.
Both these inquiries, I say, Sir, caught
to be the consequence of our having
Such a bill as this offered to our consideration
; but whatever we may do
in either of these refpects, 1 hope, this
house will not shew itieif fo like a Turkish
Divan, as to be governed by the
selfish humour of a company of merchants,
or by an insignificant pert ik
humour of a few Courtiers; and therefore,
in order to manifest our honour
and independency, 1 hope, this bill will
be rejected with disdain.
^This Journal lo be continued in our next. j
Some ExaRActs seom An Account of
the Emperor of China's Gardens at
llekin, lolely translated and puh/ishnd
here, from a Leller sint Home by a
French Missionary, now empaeyed to
paint the Apartments in thse Gardens.
t^T'HE missionary, aster giving air
a. account of his Journey to Pekin,
and having told us that there was nothing
worth attention to be met with
in that whole journey os near 2ooo
miles, proceeds thus :
However

^4^ ^If MAGA^l^F (of MAGA^INF^,
However l must except ont os this
rule, the palace of the emperor of
Pekin, and his pleasure-houses ; for in
them every thing is truly great and
beautiful, both as to the design and
the exvseutron ; and they struck me the
mote, because I had never Seen any
thing that bore any manner of resemblance
to them, in any part os the
World that l had heen in before.
The palace is, at least, as big as
Disin f ; and consists of a great number
asdifferent pieces osbuilding; detached
from one another, but disposed
with a great deal of Symmetry and
beauty. They are Separated Srom one
another by vast courts, plantations os
trees, and flower-gardens. The principal
front oS all these buildings Shines
with gilding, varnilh-work, and paintings
; and the infide is furnished and
adorned with all the most beautiful
and valuable things that could be got
in China, she Indies, and even Srom
Europe.
As Sor the pleasure shoufes, they are
teally charming. They standin a vast
compass oS ground. They have raised
hills, Srom 20 to 6o Soot high:
which form a great number of little
valleys betYveen them. The bottoms
of these valleys are watered with clear
breams ; which rnn on till they join together,
and form larger pieces os water
ond lakes. They pals these streams,
-lakes, and rivers, in beautiful and magnificent
boats. I have seen one, in particular,
78 foot long, and 24 foot broad ;
•with a very handSome hoose raised upon
it. in each of these valley^, there
are houfes about the banks of the waver,
very well disposed ; with their different
courts, open and close porticos,
parterres, gardens, and cafcades ; which
tyhen viewed altogether, have an admirable
effect upon the eye.
They go from one of the valleys to
another, not by formal straight walks,
as iii Europe ; but by various turnings
and windings, adorned on the sides with
The capita/ of Burgundy in France,
between three andsinr miles round.
little oavillions and charming grottos ;
and each of these valleys is diserhfy'd
from all the rest, both by tbeir manneros
laying out the ground, and in the
structure and disposition os its buildings.
All the risings and hills are Sprinkled
with trees ; and particularly with
flowering trees, which are here very
common. The sides oS the canals, or
lesser streams, are not Saeed, (as they
are with us,)with Smooth stone, and in
a strait line ; but look rnde and rustic,
wtth different pieces of rock, some of
which jut out, and others recede inwards
; and are placed with fo much
art, that you wonld take it to be the
work of nature. In fome ports the wateris
wide, in others narrow ; here it
lerperltizes, and there fpreads away,
as if it were really pushed off by the
bills and rocks. The banks are Sprinkled
with flowers ; which rife up even
thro* the hollows in the rock-work, as
if they had been produced there naturally.
They have a great variery os
them, for every Season os the year.
Beyond these streams there are always
walks, or rather paths, paved wish
fmall stones ; which lead from one valley
ro another. These patha too are
irregular ; and Sometimes wind along
the hanks of the water, and at others
run out wide from them.
And after giving a description of
the pleaSurc -houses, he Says t
Every valley, as I told yon before,
has its pleasure-house ; Small indeed,
in respect to the whole inclosure ; but
yet large Crsough to be capable os receiving
the greatest nobleman in Europe,
with all his retinue Soveral oS
these houses are built of cedar ; winch
they bring, with great expoence, at the
distance os 1 5oo miles from this place-
And now how many of these palaces
do you think there may be, in all the
valleys of the in cloture t Tbere are above
2oo os them ; withont reckoningas
many other houses for the ennucha
; for they are the persons who
have the care of each palace, and their
houses are always just by them ; gene-

I ^ E G E M B E R,
rally, at no more than five or six feet
distance. Thefe houses of the eunuchs
are very plain; and for that reason are
always concealed, eitberby fame proiection
of the walls, or by the interposition
of their artificial hills.
Over the rnnning streams there are
bridges, at proper distances, to make
the moreeafy communication from one
place to another. These are most
commonly either of brick or free-stone,
and sometimes os wood ; but are all
raised high enough for the boats to pass
conveniently under them. They are
fenced svith baliisters finely wrought,
and adorned with works in relievo ;
but all os them varied from one another,
both in their ornaments, and deiign.
Do not imagine to yourself, that
these bridges run on, like ours, in strait
lines ; on the contrary, they generally
wind about and serpentine to foch a
degree, that some of them, which, if
they went on regularly, would be no
more than ro or 4o foot long, turn so
asten and so much as to make their
whole length i oo or 2oo foot. You
fee some of them which, (either in the
midst, or at their ends,) have little pavillions
for people to rest themselves in;
supported sometimes by four, fometimes
by eight, and sometimes by sixteen
columns. They are usually on
such of the bridges, as afford the most
engaging profpects. At the ends of cither
of the bridges there are triumphal
arches, either of wood, or white marble
; formed in a very pretty manner,
but very different from any thing that
l have ever Seen in Eurype.
I have already told you, that these
little streams, or rivers, are carried on
to supply several larger pieces of water,
and lakes. One of these lakes is very
near five miles round ; and they call it
a meet, or sea. This is one of the
most beautiful parts in the whole pleasure-ground.
On the banks, are several
pieces of building ; separated from
each other by the rivulets, and artificial
hills abovemetationed,
But what is the most charming thing
of all, is an island or rock in the middle
as this Sea; raised, in a natural and
rustick manner, about fix foot above
the surface of tbe water. On this rock
tbere is a little palace; which, however,
contains an hundred different aparments.
It has four fronts ; and is
built with inexpressible beautv and taste;
the sight of it strikes one Yvith admiration.
From it you have a view of all
the palaces, shattered at proper difS.
tances round the shore of this sea ; all
the hills, that terminate about it; all
the rivulets ; which tend thither, either
to diseharge their waters into it, or to
receive them from it ; all tbe bridgesa,
either at the mouths or ends as these
rivulets ; all the pavilions, and rri.
umphal arches, that adorn any of these
bridges ; and all the groves, that are
planted to separate and Screen the different
palaces, and to prevent the inhabitants
of them from heing overlooked
by one another.
The banks of this charming water .
are infinitely varied t There are no two
parts of it alike. Here you see keys of
fmooth stone; with porticoes, walks,
and paths, running down to them from
the palaces that forronnd the lake;
there, others of rock-work; that fall
into steps, contrived with the greatest
art that can be conceived ; here, natural
terraces with winding steps at
each end, to go up to the palaces, tinat
are built upon them ; and above these,
other terraces, and other palaces, that
rise higher and higher, and S'orm a Sort
of amphitheatre. There again a grove
of flowering trees presents idelf to vour
eye; and a little farther, you see a
fpread of wild forest-trees, and such
as grow only on the molt barren mountains;
then, perhaps, vast timber-trees
with their under-wood ; then, trees
from all foreign countries ; and then,
fome all blooming with flowers, and others
all laden with fruits of different,
kinds.
There are alfo on the banks of this
lake, a great numberof network-houses,
and

^44 ^ MAGA^lt^F ^MAGA^I^FS,
and pavilions ; half on the land, and
half running into the lake. for all forts
of water-soYvl ; as farther on upon the
shore, you meet frequently with menageries
for different sorts of creatures ;
and even little parks, sor the chace.
But of all this sort of things, the Chinese
are most particularly fond of a
kind of fish, the greater part of which
are of a colour as brilliant as gold ;
others, of a silver colour ; and otners
os different shades of red, green, blue,
purple, and black ; and some, of all
forts of colouaS mixt together. There
are seseral reservoirs for these fish, in all
parts of the garden y but the most considerable
oS them all is at this lake. It
takes up a very large Space ; and is all
Surtounded with a lattice-work os
brass-wire; in which the openings are
So very fine and Small, as to prevent
the fish from wandering into the main
waters.
Then he gives us an account of their
justs and tutnaments, of their fireworks,
and of the emperor*s chief palace,
situated just within the great gate
of these g aniens ; and goes on thus t
From this palace, a road, which is
almost strait, leads you to a little town
in the midst os the whole inciosure. It
is square. and each fide is near a mile
long. It has four gates, anfwering the
four principal points os the compafs,
with towers, walls, parapets, and battlements.
It has its streets, Squares,
temples, exchanges, markets, shops.
tribunals, palaces, and a port for vessels.
In one word, every thing that is
at Pclin in large, is there represented
in miniature.
And after some remarks upon this
town, and the emperor's retired way of
living, he adds as follows :
This town therefore, in these two
last reigtaS (for it was this emperor's
father who ordered it to be built) has
bern appropriated for the eunuchs to
act in 'at, at several time in the year,
all the commerce, marketings, arts,
trades, bustle, and hurry, and even all
the rogueries, usual in great cities.
At the appointed times, each eunuch
puts on the deess of the profession or
part which is assigned to him. One is
a shopkeeper, and another an artisan ;
this is an officer, and that a common
soldier : One has a wheel-barrow given
ham to drive about the streets ; another,
as a porter, carries a basket on his shoulders.
In a word, every one has the
distinguishing mark of his employ ment.
The vessels arrtve at the port ; the
shopr are opened, and the gOnds are
exposed for sale. There is one quarter
for these who fell filk^ and another
for those who fell cloth ^ one street for
porcelain, and another for varnishworks.
You may he sopplied with
whatever you want. This man sells
furniture or all Sorts, that cloatbs and
ornaments for the ladies ; and a third
has all kiiids of books for the learned
and curious. There ate coffee-houses
too, and taverns os all forts, good and
bad , besides a number of people that
cry different fruits about the streets, and
a great variety of refreshing liquors
Tlie mercers, as you pass their shops,
catch you by the sleeve, and press you
to buy some of their goeode. It is all
a place of liberty and licence ; and yon
can Scarce distinguish the emperor him-
Self fiom tSie meanest of his subjects.
Every body bauls out what he has to
Sell ; some quarrel, others fight t And
you have all the confusion ot a fair about
you. She public officers come and
arrest the -prarrellers, carry them before
tne judges in the courts Sor justice ;
tne cauSe is tried in Sorm, the offender
condemned to be bastinadold, and the
Sentence is put in execution ; arid that
So effectually, that the diversion as the
emperor Sometimes colts the poor actor
a great deal of real pain.
The mystery of thieving is not forgot
in this general representation. That
noble employ is assigned to a considerable
number of tire cleaverest eunuchs,
who perform then ports admirably wall.
If any of them is caught in the fact,
be i^ brought to shame, and con*
demned (at least they go thro' the
form of condemning him) to be stigmatized,
bastinado'd. or banished, according

Warding tei the heinoufness os thecrinae,
and the nature of the theft. If they
steal cleaverlv, they have the lattgh on
their side ; they are applauded, and the
sufferer is withont redress. However,
at the end of the fair, every thing os
this kind is restored to the proper
owner,
This fair (as l sold you hefore) is
kept only lor rhe entertainment os the
emperor, the empress, and his mistresses.
It is very unusual for any of the
princes, or grandees, to he admitted to
fee it : And when they have that favont,
it is not till after the women are
all retired to their several apartments.
The goods which arc exposed and fold
here, helong chiefly to the merchants
of Pekin, who pot them into the hands
of the eunuchs, to he fold in reality :
So that the bargains here are far from
being all pretended ones. In particular
she emperor himself always buys a
great many things ; and you may he
sure, they ask him enough for them,
Several of the ladies too make their
bargains, and So eio Sorae os the eunuchs.
All this trafficking, iS there
was nothing of real mixed with it,
would want a great deal of that earnestness
and life, which iiow make the
bostle the more active, and the diversion
it gives the greater.
To this seene os commerce, Sometimes
succeeds a very differentone, that
of agriculture. There is a quarter
within the fame inclosure, which is set
apart for this purpose. There you see
fields, meadows, farm-houses, and little
scattered cottages, with oxen,
ploughs, and asl the necessaries for husbandry.
There they Sow wheat, rice,
poise, and all other Sorts os grain.
They make their harvest, and carry in
the produce oS eberr grounds. In a
word, they here imitate every thing
that is done in the country ; and in every
thing express a rural simplicity,
and all the plain manners of a country
hSe, as nearly as they possibly can.
He then gives us a description of the
Chinese great feast, called Ihe Feast of
the Lanthorns; and concludes with .a
V^L. IV.
F. C E M B E R, Is^r ^4^
very curious account of themanners of
that famous people, which is very entertaining,
but too long for us to insert
in our Magawie.
The CAU5E of ELECTRICITY and
VITALITY exploinnd.
A the .Nature, Cause, and Effects of E.
Iectricity is now the Subject of Inquiry
allover Europe, tare shall giveseome
Extracts seom what has lolely hecae
p'rh/ishnd sepon it by the ingenious Ale.
Surgeon to St, Bartholomew^
Hospital.
| N a Treatise of his upon the caul-
| es of electricity he proves that the
ehctrical fire and force does not a.
rise from any part oS the apparatus
itleIS ; because nothing we knoYv of
can Send out of it a quantity of matter,
but there must be less of that
matter remaining, after it has been So
discharged ; whereas, it cannot be
shewn, but that the ball of glass, aster
ever So many times using, remains aa
fit for the fame uSe as at first. There-
Sore he Supposes, they are produced
Srom the air they are moved in ; which
is the more probable, as the most ancient
and ablest philosophers have
looked upon the animal and vegetable
world as actuated by fire ; and that
they are nourished by water, and ay hat
it contains. IS this be allowed, then
the air Seems to be universally impregnated
with this fire, but So dispersed,
as not to hurt the animals in respiration
; and Srom the nature os it, he
SuppoSes it to he as similar in its parts,
and that theSe parts have as ^reat a
propensity to adhere to one another.
as we find she different parts in all natural
bodies have. If then these fiery
particles he forced into a closer contact
than they are, when uniformly
dispersed thro* all nature, they become
lightning, or a sire of more or iese
force, as more or less parts of this elementary
fire are got together.
^ z z This

^4^ ^ ^ M A G A ^ l ^ l r. ^ M A GA ^ I ^ F
This principle being laid down, he
confirms it by many effects that fall
daily under our observation, and by
experiments that may be easily made ;
and concludes, that the air, which is
violently rubbed betwixt your hands
and a glafs tube, or betwixt a glass
ball whirled briskly, and a piece of
leather, as they are uSed in electrical
experiments, leaves behind it that
quantity of agitated Sire that causes
electricity.
After having thus explained the
cause, he then shews.
First, Why in electricity, fire proceeds
from an electrical body, So as
to light into a flame many different
compositions.
Secondly, Why, a tube of glafs,
when rubbed so as to be made electrical,
will not only attract to it, but
repel from it alternately, any light
body, as leaf-gold, feathers, and the
like : And alio, why it will seem to
send from it a quantity os wind, with
a Singing Small noise, if you hold it
near your ear.
Thirdly, Why when any unelctrified
body teiuches any thing electrified,
the electricity, beeaks off with a Smart
crack, and a Spark of fire.
Fourthly, Why any number of men,
who are joined together by holding a
metallick body betwixt them, if one
of them touch a piece of iron electrified,
shall seel a violent concussion, in
proportion to the largeness of she
body electrified.
And after having explained and accounted
for these phanomina in electricity,
he observes, that what the
ancients called anima mundi, now seems
to be this elementary fire, with which
every thing in nature as well as the air
is more or less impregnated, from which
consideration, Says be, I will venture
to give a reason Sor that which has
hitherto puzzled every body that has
thought about it ; which is, why the
Sentive plant Shrinks, and, from a
turgid and vivid appearance, immediately
becomes languid, and hangs
its leaves, on the touch of any other
body or thing.
Now from this my conjecture on electricity,
if you will Suppose with me,
that as all things, which stand in the
common nature of this lower world,
have this fire equally dispersed, and
have more or less of it only as they
are in this or that place, where more
or less os it is offered to be received
by them, or as they are in their own
natures capable of receiving more of
it than orhers are (as l think has been
shewn by the electrical experiments
before mentioned) and then likewise
Suppose the nature of the Sensitive
plantis to have more of this fire in it
than there is in any other plant or
thing ; then it innSl, by the nature of
it, when any of them touches it, impart
a great deal of its fire into that
thing by which it is touched ; berause
that had less os it than was in the sensitive
plant. Therefore, till the sensitive
plant has had lime to recover its
vigour, by receiving from the air more
oS this fire, its leaves and branches
hang in a languid state, from the great
loss of its spirit and sire.
To illustrate this, if you fet any
senall tree in a pot upon a cake of
resin, and then electriSy the tree, even
tho* it were a willow, it would grow
extremely torgid, So as to erect its
leaves, to the great wonder os the heholder
; and the moment you touch
even but one oS its leaves, the whole
tree becomes as languid as the SenSative
plant would be, iS touched by any body
or thing.—This l think, Seems to
me, to give as great a proof of the
truth of my conjecture of the sensitive
plant, as the nature os the thing can
admit of.
Then with regard to animal life.
we may observe universally, that youth
abounds with infinitely more Spirits
than age doth, as well in the human
Species as in the brute creation ; as it
is clearly seen in children, compared
to adults ; as aiso in lambs, in colts.
in kittens, and almost all uther young.
they heing much more vigorous than
their dams are generally seen to be
Now

Now the reflection l would make on otber materials, be quotes Dr. Boerthis,
is, that if I is c in them, and in haave, who fays, „ That fire is eyery
all nature, he owing to the same Sire where equ ally dispersed ; and that the
as caases electricity, then, Srom greatest effect that any fire can perthence
may proceed the danger oS form, is, in a moments time, to turn
lodging old. people with yonng child- a flint into glass ; which effect (Says he)
ren ; who, by long experience have is peculiar to Mr. Vilete*s sturrour.*'
been Sound to draw from young child- Aod, " That a limestone, which
reai their natural Strength; the old peo- would endure the utmost efforts of the
pie having in them a less proportion of hottest furnace for many months, hethis
fire than young ones Seem to have. ing exposed to the mirrour, instantly
And he concludes tlais Treatise with passes with a little hiss into glass."
fome observations on the cause oS Our author next proves, that fire is
blasts in mankind, aod blights on an element not capable of any alteratitrees.
on, increase, or diminution ; alter which
Together with the foregoing Trea- he fays, we may obferve throughout all
tise, there was lately published, by the nature, that a continued motion and
fame author, another, on the Nature agitation are necessary to every being
and Property of Eire, wherein. aster in the universe, in order to reSresh it.
shewing that Sir ISaac Newton, Dr. and repais its decay; as by giving re-
Boerhaave, and the Bishop oS Cloyne, Spiration to all animals they receive
have considered fire as tbe Sole mover, fresh ait, wbicb plainly leaves its fire
under God, as all nature, he supposes, behind to be conveyed over the whole
that this world is a machine, and that body, in order to give it the warmth
all the creatures of it are kept alive, and comfort it enjoys ; for nothing in
and in a regular and an invariable nature can have any warmth but what
order, not liable to contradict its great proceeds from fire only.
Contriver's laws; so that, of course, Then to prove that the Same fire
Some regular cause of these effects mult which is universal in nature, is demonbe
invariably ordained. strably the Same which gives life to all
This caufe he takes the Sun to be, creatures on this earth ; SuppoSe, Says
and therefore calls him the cor mundi, he, any creature : And as a cat is Supas
being the constant remitter oS fire, poled to he endued with as strong a
to the earth, and the fountain and only proportion oS IiSe as any other animal,
Source of all the fire in this world; - suppose a cat was placed with a lightwhich
he proves thus: ed candle, or any other portion of fire.
That as the rays of light proceeding in a certain fpace of common ait, and
from the fun, by collecting thera either yon will find that the life of the candle.
with a concave or convex burning- and that as the cat, equally depended
^lass, produce the Strongest fire on on the existence os the fire in the air
the eartn ; fo one of these consequen- universally dispersed.
ces must Sullow t Either that the strong- This experiment may be tryed, by
est power of any thing in the unl- putting the candle, or fome fire, with
verse may derive its force and ef- the animal, into a cold oven, the door of
heacy from the weaker, which every which may he shut up and luted So
thing in nature Shows to he false ; or cloSe, that no more air can be admitted
else, if you grant it me, that the power than was there at first ; and if a glass
given by the fun is stronger than any was fixed with fome putty into it, the
chat can he produced by the opera- observer may perceive, that each fobstuns
of man, the thing I contend for fasted by the fire heforementioned, apis
proved. pertaining to the air in the oven, which
And to prove, that the heat of the before was in common with that in the
sisn is mote intense, than from any room to which the oven belonged.
^ ' z a No^.

^4^ ^ M A G A ^ M AG A^ 1 NF^)
Now if it be fonnd, that as soon as
the candle or fire is extinct, the cat
that instant dies ; what man, let him
he ever So much prejudiced, can deny,
that they were subsisted by the same
element ? And it is a known fact, that
if, instead of the animal, you add another
candle, they will remain lighted
just as long, and and no longer, as when
the candle and cat were there together.
To prove a propensity to co- here in
all similar parts of matter, our author
beings the two following examples : l
will suppofe, Savs he, two drops of water
lying near each other on a woollen
cloth ; to prove how tenacious water
is, you may See them each taking the
shape of a globe, hugging themselves as
close as tho' they had no tendency to
any thing in nature but their own class
and you find this verified ; for if, by
chance, they come to the least contact,
the Smallest drop is abiosbed into the
higgest with as great a rapidity as light
passes Srom the ton.
It is just the Same with Salts, and all
other things, which universally float in
the common air, as fire does : They
both ftaew the propensity before spoken
of, to adhere to Such parts oS the Same
kind as they shall meet t For instance,
you may obServe, that iS nitre once' affects
a picture, a wall, or the like, the
air deposits its salts of that kind where
it is invited by the sirft similar parts
and not from the vulgar mistaken notion,
that Sis oh a thing produces another
thing ; which would be no leSs than
making one thing a creator of another.
And to prove that fire ever Subsists
in the ait, he gives the following experiment
: Take a round lump oSiron as
big as your silt, heat it in a Sinith*s forge
to the degree whieh is ealled a welding
heat, then take it out oS the fire,
and with a pair oS bellows blow cold
air on the before-heated iron ; and the
consequence will be, that the iron will
melt as effectually, as if it had been
acted upon by the most fervent fire.
Now if the cause betore given for
melting any metal be the true one, then
.it will follow, that the* the lump of iron
when taken out of the forge, has not
-fire enough in it to separate the cohesion
of its parts ; yet it plainly from
hence appears, that the air abounds, at
all times, with so much fire, as, when
blown into lhis lump os iron, to leave
so much more fire behind, as, being
joined with the larger quantity of fire
which it received from the forge, becomes
powerful enough to melt it.
And a little further he says, If l can
prove, that at all times, and in all
places, on the highast mountains, and
in the lowest valliet, in garrets and cellars
of all houses, fo much fire can he
collected as will fire gun-powder, which
I aver is true : l wist leave the world to
judge, if there he need of any greater
pronf of its residing in the air.
And he concludes with bringing federal
examples sor proving, that all
things in nature are created with a great
attraction os this fire in the air, so that
lays he, if any part os the animal body
has less of it, in proportion, than there
is in the ait, it must, according to the
Now the consequence ofwhat I have common laws os nature, he endued
said produces thus mush, that if the with it, whether the animal will or not :
Smaller parts of water, or salts, are ever- But when we come to examine the
liable to be absorbed by the larger, be- use and contrivance of the organs of recause
of their natural connexion, what spiration, we may soon he satisfied with
doubt can be made, why fire, which a wonderful proof, that all animals are
is found to be the most penetrating, in fact, a fire-engine t For, as soon as
•and lhe most similar to irself, of any of the lungs have received an inspiration
the elements ; why, I say, does not fire from the common ait, that fire, which
Show, from the foregoing reason given is ever sound in all ait, will be instant-
for the union of all water, and the like, ly dispersed through the pulmonary vess
that it must have this adhereney like- sels into the blood ; and as that blood is
wise, that is shewn to be in water ^ - . eyer nourishing and refreshing some parts

with fome of it, and imparting its Site
through the nerves, from the various
motions of the whole, instead of a non-
Senfical nervous fluid, which never has.
iror can he demonstrated (the nerves
not heing pervious,) the consequence
must Sollow, that the lungs hereby becoming
deprived oS their ufiial quantity,
and desirous os that which every
Stone, and log oS wood, desires and receives
through the universe with the utmost
greediness ; why, l say, may not
the lungs hecome as active to reach and
expand themSelves Sor more, as often as
the lungs are robbed oS it, as the leafgold
is shewn to he the receiver of fire
Srom any thing winch abounds, aad
^ives it to any thing that has less of it ?
This will lead me to ask a question,
Yvhich has hitherto never been Solved :
It is this t Whence proceeds that heat,
which is ever the concomitant of life
la all creatures Allow me but my
conjecture, and a power Sufficient Sor
mufcular motion is established ; which
is capable os pervading the Solidity of
the nerves wish as rapid a motion, and
Surely with as great probability, as electrical
fire passes an iron wire, to any
given length, as Swift as light.
J^E C E M B E R, 17^. ^4^
To which he a little further adds
thus i From hence l conclude, as all
man know, that the air which has once
been breathed through the lungs is no
more fit for respiration ; as is sound by
attempting to uSe it after having breathed
it under the hed-cloaths ; and, if
you grant what l am contending for, I
think l have sully proved, that the ait,
which is received into the longs, as often
as it is so, leaves its fire in the
blood
• Now if any creature has this fire
given to the blood, as l think it can
he proved it has, l may suppose, that in
the Sabtick oS the animal there will, as
long as IiSe shall last, be a quantity os
this fire reserved in Store, as in a garifon,
to answer all the demands, whenever
the intelligencers shall call Sor the
ase oSit, Indeed, on certain occasions
it will not answer the call So quick, after
any violent discharge oSsts as before;
Sor Yvhen the body has been too much
agitated by any pession, or violent motion,
it appears to have lost So much of
that spirit with which it was actuated,
as to become languid, like a Sensitive
plant after it has been touched with
any other tbing; fo that from thence
it requires Some time to repair it again.
Ristections on V A N I T Y , by the
Marquis of 11 yf i 1 T
t I 'HE world is nothing but vaniry
.a cut out into Several shapes.
Men often mistake themSelves, but
they never forget themselves.
A man must not fo entirely Sail out
with vanity, as not to take its assistance
in the doing great things.
Vaniry is like Some men, who are
very uSesul, if they are kept under, and
else not to be endured.
A little vanity may be allowed in a
man*s train, but it must not sit down at
table with him.
Without some share of it, mens talents
would be buried like ore, in a
mine un wrought.
Men would be lefs eager to gain
knowledge, if they did not hope to set
themselves out by it.
It sheweth the narrowness os our nature,
that a man that intendeth any one
thing extremely, hath not thought enoUgh
left sor any thing else
Our pride makcth us over-value our
stock os thought, so as to trade much
beyond what it is able to make gcaod.
Many aspire to learn what they can
never comprehend, as others pretend
to teach what they themSelves do not
know.
The vanity of teaching often temprerb
a man to forget he is a blockbead...
Self-conceit driveth away the tufpecting,
how fcurvily others think of
us.
Vanity cannot be a friend to truth,
because it is restrained by it ; and vanity
is fo impatiently desirous of shew-
ing itself, that it cannot bear the being
crossed^

^^d ^ M AG A^ l^F ^ M AG A ^ F^,
.Ingratitude punished. An Eastern Tale.
A Dervise, venerable by his age,
fell ill in the houSe of a woman
who had bern long a widow, and lived
in extreme poverty in the subotha of
Bausera. He was So touched with the
care and zeal with which she had assisted
him, that at his departure he Said
to her, I have remarked that you have
•wherewith to Subsist alone, but that you
have not subsistence enough to Share ic
Wish your only Son, the young Ahddiah:
If yeou will trust him tea my care, I
.wifl endeavour to acknowledge, in his
person, the obligations I have to you
for your care of me. The good woman
received his proposal with joy-;
and the dervise departed wish the
young man, advertising her, that they
must perform a journey which would
last near two years. As they travelled,
he kept him in aflluence, gave him excellent
instructions, cured him oS a
dangerous disease with which he was
attacked; in sine, took doe Same care
of him, as if he had beer. his own son.
A/dislah a hundred times testified his
gratitude to him for all his boonlies ;
hut theold man always anfwe-red, ,My
Ion. it is by action^ that gratitude is
proved; we shall See, in a proper time
and place, whether you are so grateful
as you pretend,'
O'ie day. as they continued their
travel-, they found themselves in a sir-
Iitary place. and the elervese Said to Abdii.de.
' My Son, we are now at the
end os onr journey; I siaall employ my
pr..yers to obtain from heaven. that the
utarth may open and make an entrance
wide enough to permit thee to deScend
a place, where then wilt find one
.of the greatest treasures that the earth
incloses in her bowles. Hast thou courage
to deScend into this subterranean
vault F conliued he. Ahdislah fwore
to him, be might depend upon his
obedience and zeak Then the dervise
lighted a Sinai I fire, into which he cast
-a perfume ; he read and prayed sor
some moments, after which the earth
opened, and the det.vise Sard to ham,-.-
' Thou mayest now enter, my dear^
Ahdellih; remember that it is in the
power to do me a great service, and 1
that this is, perhaps, the only opportunity
thou canst ever have of teetifring
to me, that thou art not ungrateful
: Do nor let thyself be dazzled hv
all the riches that thou wilt find there ;
think only of seizing upon, an iron candlestick
with twelve branches, which
thou wilt find cloSc to a door; that is
absolutely necessary to me ; come up
immediately and bring it to me.* A^daaslah
promised every thing. and defcended
boldly into the vault. But, forgetting
what had been expredy recommended
to him, whilst he was filling his
vest and 1ns bosom with the gold and
jewels which this subterranean vanlt inclosed
in prodigious heaps, the opening
by which he had entered closed -of it-
Self. He had, however, presence of
mind enough to seize upon the irosi
candlestick, which the dervise had Sto
strongly recommended to him; and,
though the situation he was in was very
terrible, he did not abandon himself to
defpair; and, thinking only in what
manner he should get out of a place
which might berome iris grave, he apprehended,
that the vault had cloSed
eonly. because he had not followed the
order of the drrvises recalled to his
memory the care and goodness he had
I .-as ted him With ; reproached himSelf
with his ingratitude, and finished his
meditation by bumbling himSelf he Sore
God At length, after much pain and
inquietude, he was fortunate enough to
find a narrow passage which led him out
of this obscure cave ; though it was not
till he had followed it a considerable
way, that he perceived a fmall opening,
covered with briars and thorns, through
which he returned to the light of the
fun. He looked on all sides, to See if
he conld perceive the dervise, but its
vain ; he designed to deliver him the
iron candlestick he so much wished sot.
and formed a design as quitting him.
being rich enough, with what he h^o
taken out as the cavern, to live in afilaersce
without bis assistance.

J^r I^EC E M B E R ,
l^ot perceiving the dervise, nor remeaubering
any of the places through
which he had posted, he went on as
fortune directed him, and was extreme •
lv astonished to find himfelf opposite lo
his mother's house, which he imagined
he was at a great distance from. She
itamediateiV enquired aster she holy
rlwise, .^he/alloh told her frankly what
t had happened Co him, and the danger
he had rtm to satisfy his unreasonable
desires; he aSterwarda shewed her the
riches with which be was loaded. His
mother concluded, upon the fight of
them, that the dervish only designed to
make a trial of his courage and his obedience,
and that they onglit to make
use as the happinels which fortune had
prrsented to them ; adding, that donhtlrss
Such was the intention of the holy
dto-ise. Whilst they contempleated
upon these treasures with avidity ;
whilst they were dazzled with the lustre
oSthem, and forened a thousand projects
in consequence of them, they all
vanished away before their eyes. It
was then that Ab.-lo/loh sincerely reproached
himfelf with his ingratitude
and disobedience; and, perceiving that
the iron candlestick had refitted tbe enchantment,
or rather the just punishment
which those delerve who do not
execute Yvhat they proanife, he Said,
prostrating himself,—' What has hap.
Dened to me is just; l have lost what
I had no design to restore, and the
candlestick, which l intended to deliver
to the dervise, remains with me t
lt is a proof, that it tightly belongs to
him, and that the rest was unjustly acquired.'
As he finished these words, he
placed the candlestick in the midst of
their little honse.
When the night was come, without
reflecting upon it, he placed the light
in this candlestick. Immediately they
saw a derviSe appear, who turned
round for an hour, and disappeared,
alter having threawn them an afpre.
This caodledick had twelve branches.
Asddloh, who was meditating all she
dev upton what he had seen the night
before, w^ willing to know what
would happen the next night, if he
put a light in each of them ; he did
fo, and tYyelve dervhes appeared that
instant ; they turned round also for an
hour, and each of them threw an
alpre. as they disappeared. He repeated
every day the Same ceremony.
which had always the same Success ;
bat he never could make it succeed
more than once in twenty-four hours.
This trifling Sum was enough to make
his mother and himself fubsist tolerably
: There was a time when they
would have desired no more to be
happy ; but it was not considerable
enough to change their fortune : lt is
always dangerous for the imagination
to he fixed upon the idea of riches.
The sight of what he helieved he should
possess ; the projects he had formed
for the employment of it ; all these
things had left such profound traces in
the mind as Ahalosah, that nothing
could elface them. Therefore, seeing
the stuah advantage he drew siom the
candlestick, he refolved to carry it
back to the dervise, in hopes that he
might obtain of him the treaSine he
had seen, or at least find again the riches
which had vanished from their fight.
by restoring to him a thing for which
he had testified S'o earnest a desire. He
was fo fortunate as to remember bis
name, and that of the city where he
inhabited. He departed therefore immediately
for Mastrehi, carrying with
him his candlestick, which he lighted
every night, and by that means furnished
himself with what was necessary on
the road, without heing obliged to implore
the assistance and compassion of
the faithful. When he arrived at Mesgrebi,
his first care was to enquire in
what house, or in what convent Aheunaaler
lodged ; he was So wad
known, that every hody told him his
habitation. He repaired thither directly,
and fouod fifty porters, Yvho
kept the gate of his house, haying eacae
a staff with a head of gold in their
hands : The court of this palace was
filled with Slaves and domestics ; in fine,
she residence of a Fnnce could •.not.
expose

v
^ Mts.GA^l^
.expose to view greater magnificence.
Ahehil/ah, struck with astonishment and
admiration, seared to proceed. Certainly,
thought he, I either explained
myself wrong. or thofe, to whom I
addressed myself, designed to make a
jestos me, because l was a stranger ;
this is not the habitation of a dervish,
it is that of a King.
He was in this embarrassment, when
a man approached him, and said to
him, ' Ahaal/eth, thou art welcome ;
my matter Ahounader has long expected
thee.' He then conducted him to
an agreeable and magnificent pavilion,
where the dervrse was seated. Ahdelhin,
struck with the riches which he beheld
on all sides, would have prostrated himself
at his feet; but Aheunaditr prevented
him. and interrupted him, when he
would have made a merit of the candlestick,
which he presented to him :
• Thou art but an ungrateful wretch,
said he to hi n ; dost thou imagine thou
canst impose upon me ? 1 am not ignorant
of any one of thy thoughts ;
and, if thou hadst known the value of
this candlestick, never wouldst thou
have brought it to me t l will make
thee sensible os its true ufe.* Immediately
he placed a light in each of its
branches ; and, when the twelve dervifers
had turned for some time, Ahounadtr
gave each of them a blow with
a cane, and in a moment they were
converted into twelve heaps of Sequins,
diamonds, and other precious Stones.
< This, said he, is the proper use to be
made of this marvellous candlestick.
As to me, l never desired it, but to
place it in my cabinet, as a talisman
composed by a sage whom l revere,
and am pleased to expose it sometimes
to those who come to visit me : And,
to prove to thee, added he, that curiosity
was the only occasion of my
search for it, here are the keys of my
magazines, open them and thou shalt
^udge of my riches ; thou fliall tell
me, whether the molt inSatiable miser
^tould not be Satisfied with them.' Aha^alllr
obeyed him, and examined
tsyelve magazines of great extent, so
full of all manner of riches, that he
could not distinguish what merited his
admiration most ; they all deserved
and produced his desires'
The regret of having restored the
candlestick, and that of not having
found out the use of it, pierced the
heart of Ahndslah. Abounader seemed
not to perceive it ; on the contrary, he
loaded him with caresses, kept him some
days in his house, and commanded him
lo be treated as himself When he was
at the eve of the day which he had
fixed for his departure, he Said to him,
—• Abdelldi, my son, l believe, by
what has happened to thee, thou art
corrected of the frightful vice of ingratitude
; however, l owe thee a mark
of my astection, for having undei taken
so long a journey with a view ofbtieging
me the thing l had desired ; thou
mayest depart, 1 shall detain thee no
longer. Thou shalt find to-mortow, at
the gate of my palace, one of my horfes
to carty thee ; l make thee a preSent
of it, as well as of a slave who shall
conduct that to thy house ; two camels
loaded with gold and jewels, which
thou shalt chose thyself out of my treasures.'
Ahdallih said to him all that a
heart sensible to avarice could express,
when its passion was satisfied, and went
to lie doyvn till the morning arrived,.
which was fixed sor his departure.
During the night he was still agitated,
without heing able to think of any
thing but the candlestick, and what it
had produced. ' l had it, said he, So
long in my power; A^ounader, without
me, had never been the possessor of it:
What rifques did I not run in the subterranean
vault ? Why does he now
possess this treasure of treasures^ Because
l had the probity, or rather the
folly, to bring it back to him t He profits
by my labours, and the danger I
have incurred in so long a journey.
And what does he give me in return^
Two camels loaded with gold and
jewels ; in one moment the candlestick
will furnish him with ten times asmuch.
It is Abounadar who is ungratesul : What
wrong shall I do hint in taking thiscan-
^ dlesh^

I ^ F C F M B F R ,
dlestiek ? Nasne certainly ; for he is
rich : And w hat do l possess ? These
ideas determined him, at length, to
make all possible atteinprS to Seize upon
the candlestick The thing was not
difficult, Ahounader having trusted him
with the keys of the magazines. He
kaew where the candlestick was placed;
he Seized upon it, hid it at she bottom
of one of the Sacks, which he filled with
pieces of gold and other riche5 which
he was allowed to take, and loaded it,
as well as the rest, upon his camels.
He had no other eagerness now than
sor his departure ; and, after having
hastily bid, adue to the generous Ahouuedir,
he delivered him his keys, and
departed with his borse, his stave, and
two camels.
When he was some days journey
Srom Beispora, he Sold his slave, resolving
not to have a witness oshis former
poverty, nor of the Source o^bis present
riches. He bought another, and
arrived without any obstacle at bis mother's,
whom he would Scarce look u^oont
So much was he taken up with
his treaSure. His siastcare was to place
the loads of the camels and the candlestick
in the most private room of the
house ; and, in his impatience to seed
his eyes with his great opulence, he
placed lights immediately in the candlestick
t The twelve dervises appearing,
he gave each of them a blow
with a cane with all his strength, lest
he shonld be Sailing in the laws of the
talisman: But he had not rematked,
that .ahounader when he struck them,
bad the cane in his left band- Abddhde,
by a natural motion, made uSe of his
right ; arid the derviles instead of becoming
heaps of riches, immediately
drew Srom beneath their robes each a
formidable club, with which they struck
him So bard and So long, that they left
him almost dead, and disappeared, carrying
with them all his treasure, the
camels, the horse, the slave, and the
candlestick.
Thus was Ahddah punished bv po-
verty, and almost by death, Sor liis un-
insurable ambition, which, perhaps,
VOL. IV.
might have heen pardonable, if it had
not heeii accompanied by an ingratitude
as wicked as it was audacious.
since he had not so much as the resource
of being able to conceal his perfidies
from she too piercing eyes of his benefactor.
The A D V E N T U R E R , Dec. 12.
!/le potens sin'
Letusque deget, eui licet in diem
Dixisse, viatic Hon.
SIR,
To the ADVENTCRER.
^"T is the fate of all who do not live
I in necessary or accidental obfeurity.
who neither pass undistinguished thro'
the vale of poverty, nor hide themselves
iii the groves of solitude, to have
a numerous acquaintance and few
friends.
An acquaintance is a being, who
meets us with a smile and a falute, who
tells us in the fame breath, that he is
glad and forty sor the most trivial good
and ill that befals us, and yet who turns
from us without regret, who Scarce
wishes to see us again, who forsakes us
in hopelefs sickness, or advenity, and
when we die remembers us no more.
A friend is he with whom our interest
is united, upon whose participation all
our pleasures depend ^ who sooths us
in the fietfuluefs os diseases and cheara
us in the gloom os a prison ; to whom
when we die even our remains are sacred
who follows them with tears to the
grave, and preferves our image in hia
heart, A friend our calamities may
grieve, and our wants may impoverish.
but neglect only can offend, and unkindnefs
aiienate. Is it not therefore
astonishing, that a friend Should ever be
alienated or offended? And can there
be a stronger instance of the folly
and caprice of mankind,than their withholding
from those upon whom their
happiness is confessed to depend, that
civility which they lavish tpon others,
4 A without

^ 4 ^ d ^ A G A ^ I h ^ ^ ^ A G A ^ E S ^
without hope of any higher reward
than a trivial and momentary gratification
of their vanity, by an echo os their
compliments and a return of their obey-
Sanee ?
Or this caprice there are none who
have more caule to complain than myself
That I am a person of fome importance,
has never vet been disputed :
I ana allowed to have great power to
pleafe and to instruct ; I always contribute
so the felicity of those by wbom
I am well treated ; and, I must confess
that I am never abused without leaving
marks os my resentment behind
me.
I am generally regarded as a friend :
and there are few who could think of
parting with me for the last time, without
the utmost regret, solicitude and
reluctance. 1 know, wherever l come
that l have heen the object of desire
and hope ; and that the pleasure which
l am expected to diffuse, has, like all
others, been enjoyed by anticipation.
By the young and gay, those who are
entering the world eirher as a fcene of
business or plealttre, l am frequently
desired with Such impatience, that altho*
every moment brings on wrinkles
and decrepitude Yvith irresistible rapidity,
they would be willing that the time
of my absence' Shot ad be annihilated,
and the approach as wrinkles and de-
. crepitude rendered yet more precipitate.
There cannot, Surely, be stronger evielence
than this of my influence tspon
their happiness, or of their affection for
me; and yet the transport with which
I am at first received, quickly Subsides-;
they appear to grow weary of my company
; they would again shorten life
to hasten the hour of my departure, and
they reflect upon tbe length of my visit
with regret.
To the aged, l confess, lam not able
lo procure equal advantages ; and yet
there are Some of thefe Yvhohave been
remarkable for their virtue among
whom l experience more constant reciprocations
of. friendship. I never
beard that they' expressed an impatient
expectation of me when ablest, nor
do they receive me with rapture when
l come; but Yvhile l stay they treat me
wish complacency and good humour ;
and in proportion as their first address
is less violent, the whole tenor of their
conduct is more equal : They foster me
to leave them in an evening without
importunity to prolong my visit , and
think of rnydeparture with indifference.
You will, perhapr, imagine, that l
am distinguished by fome Strange singulatity,
of which the uncommon treat.
inent that l receive is a consequence.
As seYv can judge with impartiality of
their own character, none are believed
merely upon their own evidence who
affirm it to be good : l will therefore
deseribe to you the manner in which
l am received by persons of very different
stations, capacities, and employments.
In fummer l rise very early, and the
first person that I lee is a peasant at his
work, who generally regards me wish
a fmile, tho* he seldom participates of
my bounty. His labour is searce ever
suspended while l am with him ; yet
he always talks of me with complacency,
and never treats me with neglect or
indecorum, except, perhaps on a holiday,
when he has been tippling ; and
this l can easily ovei look, tho* he commonly
receives a hint of his fault the
next morning, that he may be more
upon his guard for the future.
But tho* in the country I have reafon
to be best satisfied with the behavionr
of those whom I fiast fee, yet is
my early walks in town I am almost
fore to be infoltetk As foon ing she
wretch, who has pasted the night at a
tave,n or a gaming-table, perceives me
at a distance, he begins to mutter curses
against me, tho* he knows they will be
fulfilled upon himself, and is impatient
tall he can bar his door, and hide himself
in bed.
I have one sister, and tho' her complexion
is very dark, yet she is not
without her charms ; She is, I confess,
Said to look best by candlelight, in her
jewels, and at a public place, where
thespiendoro^h^r thessand the maltiplietly

^trP ^ F C F M B F R , 17^.
fiplicrty of other objects, prevent too
minute an examination os her person.
Some good judges have fancied, tho'
perhaps a little whimsically, that there
is something inexpressibly pleasing in
her by moonlight, a kind of placid
ease, a gentle languor which softens
her features, and gives new grace to
her manner : They fay too, that she
is hest disposed to be agreeable company
in a walk, under the chequered shade
of a grove, along the green batiks of
a river, or upon the sandy beach by
she sea.
My sister's principles in many particulars
differ from mine ; but there has
been always such a harmony between
us, that she seldom Smiles upon thoSe
who have Suffered me to pass with a
contemptuous negligence ; much less
does she uSe her influence, which is
very great, to procure any advantage
Sor those who drive me from their
presence vvith outrage and abuse ; and
yet none are more assiduous in their
addresses, nor intrude longer upon her
privaey, than those who are most implacably
my enemies.
She is generally better received by
the poor than the rich ; and indeed
she seldom visits the indigent and the
wretched without bringing Something
for their relies ; yet those who are molt
solicitous to engage her in parties oS
pleasure, and are seen longest in ber
company, are always Suspected oS
Some evil design.
You will perhaps think there is Something
enigmatical in this ; and lest you
should not be able to diScover my true
character Sufficiently to engage you in
my interest, l will give you a short history
oS the incidents that have happened
to me during the last eight hours.
is it now 4 o'clock in the ustemoon:
about 7 l roSe ; Soon after, as I was
walking by the dial in Covent-Garden,
I was perceived by a man well dressed,
who appeared to have been sleeping
under onc os the sheds, and whom a
watchman had just told that I was approaching:
After attempting to Swear
several oaths, and staggering a few
paces, he Scowled at me under his hat.
and insulted me indirectly, by telling
the watchman as well as he could, that
he had Sat in company with my sister
till he became too drunk to find his
way home, which nevertheless he had
attempted . and that hehated the fight
oS me as hehated the devil ; he triers
desired that a coach or chair might be
immediately called to carry him from
my presence.
About nine I visited a young lady
who could not See me, because She
was but just returned from a rout. I
went next to a student in the Temple,
who received me with great joy ; bur
told me, that he was going to dion
with a gentleman, whole daughter he
had long courted, and who at length.
by the interposition of friends, had
l^en persuaded to consent to the match,
tho' several others had offered a larger
Settlement. From this interview I had
no desire to detain him ; and about 1z
l Sound a young prodigal, to whom I
had astorded many opportunities of
Selicity, which he neglected to improve,
and whom l had Scarce ever
left without having convinced bint,
that he was wasting life in the search
of pleasure, which he could never find;
he looked upon me with a countenance
full of suspicion, deead and perplexity,
and seemed to wub, that l had
delayed my visit, or bern excluded bv
bis servant, imagininiog, as l have since
heard, that a bailiff was hehind me-
Aiter dinner, I again met my friend
the student ; but he who had so lately
received me with extacy, now seared
at me with a sullen discontent, and if
it had been in his power would have
destroyed me, for no other reaSon shart
because the old gentleman whom he
had visited, had changed his mind.
You may, pethaps, be told, that I
am myfelf inconstant and capricious ;
that I am never the same person 4^
hours together ; and that no mais
knows whether at my next visit I shall
bring him ^nod or evil : But identity
of person might with equal truth bse
denied of the Adventurer, and of every
oth^

^ d MAGA^I^IE ^ MAGA^l^E^,
other being upon earth ; for all animal
bodies are in a state of perpetual decay
and renovation : So ridiculous a
Slander does not indeed deserve a serious
reply ; and I believe you are now
ready to aaswer every other cavil of
my enimies, by convincing the world,
that it is their own fault if l do not
always leave them wifer and better
than I find them ; and whoever has
thro' life continued to become gradually
wiser and better, has obtained a
Source oS divine felicity, a well of
living water, which, like the widow's
oil, shall increase as it is poured out,
and which, tho' it was Supplied by
time, eternity shall not exhaust.
I hope, Sit, yotir paper will be a
means of procuring me better treatment
; and that you will yourSelS be
Solicitous to secure the friendship of
Your humble servant,
TO-DAY
An Abstract of the Act to prevent the In-
Couvenicucies arising form seducing Artificers
in the Manufactures ofGreat Britain
into foreign parts.
'^Nacted, That if any person shall
^le contract with, or endeavour to
perswade any artificer in wool, iron,
fteel, brass, or any other metal, clockmaker,
watch-maker, or any other artificer
of Great -Britain, to go out of this
kingdom into foreign countries out of hit
majesty's dominions, and shall be lawfully
convicted thereof in any of the
courts at Westminster, or at the assizes,
or general quarter Sessions, he shall be
fined any Sum not exceeding 100l. Sor
Such first offence, at the discretion oS the
^:ourt, and Shall he imprisoned Sor three
months, and till the sine be paid; and
for the Second offence he shall be fined at
the discretion oS the court, and be imprisoned
Sor twelve montha, and till the
fine be paid,
No person shall be prosecuted Sor any
oof the Said offences, unless proSecntion
be begun within twelve months, after
the offence,
If any such artificers, being his majesty's
subjects, aster i May i7t9, shall
go into any country out of his ma.
jetty's dominions, there to exercise or
to teach any of the Said trades to soreigners,
or if they shall not return
vaithin fix months after warning given
them by the ambassador, envoy, resident,
minister, or coasul oS the crown
of Englond, in which Such artificers shall
be, or by any person by them authorized,
or by one of the secretaries of
state, and shall from thenceforth con^
tinually inhabit within this realm, they
shall be incapable of taking any legacy,
orofheingan executor, &c. and beincapable
of taking any lands within this
kingdom, by descent, devife or purchase,
and alfo forfeit all their lands ^tc,
be deemed aliens, and shall be out of
bis majesty's protection.
On complaint before a justice of the
peace, that any person is endeavouring
to draw away any such artificer, or
that any such artificer bath contracted,
or is preparing to go out of his majesty's
dominions for the said purpases, any
Such justice may Send his warrant to
bring the person complained oS beSore
bim, or Some other justice; and if it
shall appear, by oath or confession of
the party, that he was guilty, the justice
may bind him over to the next
assizes or general quarter-sessions, to
anfwer the premisses, with reasonable
Sureties ; and is Suc^i person shall re-
SuSe to give security, the justice may
commit him to the county-goal till he
be delivered by due course oS law :
And is any artificer be convicted on
an indictment to be preSelred against
bim oS any Such promise or contract,
then he shall give security not to depart
out oS his majesty's dominions,
and shall be imprisoned till Such Security
be given.
If any of the above-mentioned
offences shall be committed in Scot,lond
the fame shall be prosecuted io
the court of justiciary, or the circuits
there.
A L E ^

Not blossom
The fish shall in the ooean bum,
And into air hard rocks shall term
The lowly shrub out.top the pine;
And Collin's mate compare to mine
The Sweetest streams most bitter pr
If e'er S Sylvia cease to love.
Fond Cupid shall his bow lay by,
And Menus' doves want wingsro fly
^ he son forsake its radiant light,
And day sor ever turn to night ;
Around its orb no star shall move,
If e'er 1 Syltno ceaSe to love.
The ant Shall drink the ocean deep. '
And round the world the Snail shall
The vulture from the Sp-rrrow fly-,
And by the lamb the wolf shall die
Inconstant sound the turtle do'.s^
I^e'er 1 f^leio :o f^-tn

^ ^ d MAGA^I^E ^fr MAGA^I^E^,
^ ^ d ^ ^ O U ^ T R Y ^ A ^ ^ E a
The MOON in WRA^n.
tra foroX msta est •
-at /de
^^Reat Jove one morning latue met,
^ ^ Returning homeward in a fret ;
What's matter, cries the gad, my
queen/
What grievous thing on earth ha'st
seen ^
Seen ! reply 'd Leno, very quick,
I've seen enough to make me fick.
O t siich a time-caanfuming world .
On worse your thander ne'er was
^hurFd.
To you mankind will prey no move ;
Cards are the idols they adere
The yoong. the old. the widow, wife,
Lead Such an errant-gaming lise,
That 1 am callld forsooth at night >
At twer or three, to lend a light.
Parties they make, and form their rout,
And cry—we'd work the moon about,
^faster and miss the papa can tell,
Era they are taught to read, or Spell.
fiee Flovia there on yonder plain, ^
^he's prating with her little train, ^
And asking when I come again. ^
Mail's health, and Kitty's eyes.
To carols both sell a Sacrifice i
And Steles fair to play a slave,
W^rl I -lose t h^t cr^ur louar ^sVe.
In short, great ^it, where e'er I go,
Cards arc thcIcicnces below^- . •
Authors have publish 'd rules for play,
And I V — Hands open night and stay ;
Whereyouthsfork in to beundne,
Ere they arrive at every ty one a
Where tricing notour takes his Seat.
And loses as a bait to cheat.
ThereitrOngly. hope and fear's exprest,
In connsenaiice of ev'ry guests ; ^
And yon may see the muscles vary,
IfbkeIo ^ritr or to rniSt^.
This being thus, ^marvel not,
c worthless S^or.
Tant me, sire divine,
oodastone to shine.
I grant, fays Jarre, but anongst man-
h^dt ^
Where ^ill yotf gOfheg^d to ford r
Or how do that by night, I pray,
Which Plonks never could by day t
He spoke, dame Lena Shook her head.
And silently withdrew to bed .

To .Mr. W—1— m H m, on marrying
his Maid
A Paraphrase on Horace, Ode IV. B. 2.
tT^H^ charms of servant maid con-
2. troul
The fond affections of yonr foul,
Yet blush not, Strephen, to proclaim
Your passion for the Servile dame :
For chiefs, as ancient stories Say,
Have lov'd and ownld their captive's
Swav.
When Ajax first Tecmestsis vieW'd,
At sight the hero stand Sribdu'd,
Her beauties piere'd the seven fuld
shield,
And drove the Wartior from the field.
N or could Achilles, arm'd by fate,
With pride and iaisedence innate,
Tho' rude and Savage as a beat,
Resist the beauties of the fair.
But caprivld by bis captive's eyes, ^
His fierceness malts to am'rous sight, ^
And all his martial Spirit dies- ^
What time by great Pe/s des stain,
Vast heap of heroes strow'd the plain,
And Troy (her Hector now removal^
To Greece an easier capture prov'd)
Atrides sicken'd at campaigns,
And joys that Swell a Soldier's veins,
PreSerrld she rape'd Cassandra's charms
To all the pageantry of arms,
And monrn'd, amidst his triumphs
mourn'd,
Lite hero to the lover turn'd.
Who knows, now blooming Fanny's
thine,
What kin may dignity her line,
Whac parents, whence thy charmer
came,
May aggrandize the husband's name?
Tho' now she mourn the long disgrace,
And time flown honours of her race,
Trust me, from nothing less than kings
The dear engaging creature Springs.
Think you, that Such a she my friend
Can Sioin the vulvar strain descend ?
What can a nymph So Soiid and true,
Averse to ev'ry Sordid view,
Whose faithful bolom, uncontroul'd
By all the flatt'ries of gold,
Love's brigbtast fires alone allows,
Responsive to thy warmest vows ;
Can Such a matchless maid, l Say,
Proceed from prostituted clay ?
Her Snowy arms, angelic Sace,
Her taper legs, and ev'iy grace,
Warm'd with my theme, l praise, 'tis
true,
But praise with no sinister view.
Then lay SuSpicious Sears aside,
Nor idly tremble for yonr bride t
For tho' my youth might well suggest
Some hints that rend to break your rest ;
Tho' am'rous, l, and fair your dear,
No causes theSe for jealous fear,
We're distant Sat, enjoy the thought,
And taste the bliss by heauty brought,
Eman. Coll. Dee. 2o. S- R.
On BEAUTY.
T^Eauty what art thou ? Srom whence comet:
ly rhy Sway,
T hat all mankind Should at thy call oboy ?
If Sent by heav'n to give aas joy and eaSe,
Aetd every Sense and faculty to please,
If torch thou art. and of celeste al birth,
T hou must be Surety of inrriitfte worth :
But ah ! how erft whise rapturous we gaze,
And soudly think perfection in thy rays,
Even then, if reason riS'es to cur aid.
How seoo the meteor dies. the sillies fade ;
Whilst folly with a pale and frckly fare,
Deforms that facewhiah oreee attention drew.
lil aa turewith a Sour distorted mien,
At once o'ercasts the bright ilIumin'd Scene ;
And affectation wUh a trifling ait,
Vainly attempts the gen'roues heart t'infnare.
That w her we cast our eyes o'er Some bright
plain,
And fondly think there poace and plenty
reign ;
Yet wher we find that war and difcord me-t,
Each nymph arid shepherd's pleasure ro defeat,
Wc bless our lace, and wond'ring we adore
That pow't who plae'd us on a happier shore.
J. F,
^ REBUS. By Stamsordienfis.
TF tyen the best part of a fwinecan but tell,
I And tho word we make use of to Shew we're
not well, express.
With the measure by which we Sour hothead
The name cf mv fair one you'll eafaly ^ueSs;)
Who is blest with each charm that tier sextan
A sottat.t, a virgin. a kesary, s nit. ^beftt.
A SOL-

^ d MAGAZINE ^ MAGA^I^F^,
A S O L I L O C^U Y on the Death of
severed Friends, in a sew Weeks.
^^TEigh well, my Seoul 1 while yet
^ V there's time,
Tla- tranStetnt Sate of earthly things t
Ore sucoh's Sacred ladder climb
To J.icoh'a God, the King of Kings.
Farewel, ye vain, l hate your ways,
Ye grov 'ling Sons of pride adieu;
Poor .^.v'rice! how thv hope decays !
Tlay steps l tremble to perfue.
To Sior.'s hill l list my eve ;
To Sion's hill direct my feet ;
From all things learn to live and die,
From all the vile and vain retreat.
Among the dead frond Mem'rv weeps,
Oler graves of loval associates geone:
ThefoytheoSdeath, how near it Sweep!
'Twill be my turn to fall anon.
See, where an old acquaintance ltesl
Another I and another there I
This once, on earth, was counted wise,
Facetious this, and this sincere !
This was good natural to a fault,
And this was charitably giving
Alike they moulder in the vault,
Ah! that alike they roSe to heaving
She that lies here, Yvas fair and youngs
The fond delight of ev'ry eye 1
lleav*n claimalitS own, away shespiung
Tranfolaiated now to yonder sky.
There still she blooms a heav'nly Slowir
Again thoSe lovely beatuties blow ;
Her virtues Lent tlr' eternal loowir ;
Untainted by the gales below.
Teach me*, O thou I that teacher art
OS ev'ry duty here below ;
The number of my days impart I
Be thou any guide where'er l go.
I ask no gold, nor length of days ;
l meet toy will, thy will be deone i
I know that lime itself decays,
And gold but sparkles in the fort.
When chastei;'ol, let me kiss the iad,
I wish no transient joy to claim,
Ile thou my potlion, (d 1 my God I
Thro* heav'r.s eternal ycrar the same.
puldirag, He. i ^ 5 2 . ST F. v E N ^o N .
^ V V V V ^'V rS-.^ 4 ^
For the Boyd Bes.^p et N — ch's 1'iCLre.
OT pearler saaaeaa. ^la.a'd ira Caa.Src. 's
aJ^I br^st.
Nut more lei, veroa Te 'ear.rcue W as blest ;
'Till emry. Section, land asnbitacreaa r.aa,,
r'aerefaes^ a gaa.ry uearrt the pines lara
Baek to his flock with transport he withdrew,
And but one Sigh, an honeit one, he knew !
0 1 guard my .o.al pupil, heav'n 1 he Said :
Let not his y earth be like my age, betray'd!
1 would have fcsrm'd his footsteps iu thy way-
Bur vrce prevails. and impie rers eraen bear Swayl
For LordH—r's Prelare.
^O If— t look'd, the honest and the brave ;
xy Free. tho' a courtier; tho' a lord, no slaved
The frailest Sheet can waft Suth merit down,
More dutiable than flattering busts of Storae.
^These twostcarn the Lcrnd. Evening Paris.)
The Sowing sentiments concein'd ea^od eaprse'd
wrth all the el. amass, d,pth and strength of
an ezperieno'd philosopher, were ccan.peu'^ by a
youth of 14 years of ,ge oe.ly, and are seanded
on a suppyition of the author's satiig a
ar hole summer's ning in a garden, looking
upwards. arad ^uite lstsg he'^sulf in co.aiemsintion
on the works ar.d wonders ofalnaigoay
'1^'r O W 1 ferrvey'd my native faculties,-
L si And rrae'd them all unto their teeming
Source,
Now 1 expla r'd the rrniverla I frame ;
Gaz'd nature through, end, with interinr
light,
Conversed wath angels,and uubodv'd Saints,
T har thread the coearts in the Eternal Kingb-
Gladly 1 would declare in lofty Strains,
The power of Godhead to the SOns of men.
Brat thought is 1^1 an its immensity d
Imagination wastes its strea grhin vain;
Arad fancy tires aead turus within itself;
Struck wath ila' amazing dptbs ofdeity!
—Ah ! my lov'd God l in vain a tender youth.
Unskill d in arrsof deep philosophy,
Attempts to Scar. h the bulky mraSo of matter
To trace the railas of motion, and pursue ;
The phantenoe time, too fubeil for his graSp S.
Yee may 1 fre-m thy moss apparent works.
F orm Some idea caf their w oucirous author ;
A. d celebrate thy praise with rapt'rour mind,
Low care 1 gale eapon you parking r-auelt,^
Aard view tbeplaneta rolling in their Spheres,
Yet be an at be ing Oran 1 see thofe stars,
^nd ih-'nk of others fat bey ond my ken,
Yet want conviction ttf creating power ?
What, but a Being of im.aacrrSe perfection.
Ccar'd through rant funded Spaces, rhaasd spose
buclanaam'resus bodses. All, presumptive worldd
The undefrgning hand eingieSdy oh e.ce.
Could never frll with globes So'vaSt ! so bright
That softy concave ! ^
Where Shalt S trace ahe sources of the light '
What Seats sdiagrato theeaem-aat otpre,
That,uraconian d, through all the Systems bred!
Here corr'd 1 lie, in contemplation wrapt,
And pais, wtth plcasrrre, an etcraaal agel
Das:. 'a is too march for my weakmiaad toknow.s
Teala an.. with lreamale rev's etaaee to .edrey-
The n^ iSeries I ning not coerpieh.nd.

J^P I ^ F C F M B F R , 1 7 ^
The Fesb/e osh the O F S T E R.
S S two men trtrvelr'd on dry Sand
SA They 'ipy'd an oyster on the Sand,
Which each reSolv'd to claim his owaa,
And forw.ard to the place both rain.
Nimble T^sn Soon got the start,
nd took it up : lVi'l claims a part,
And cries, let it diviaed be,
Sa s T.m, the rioter belangs to me ;
S get eh' advantage in the ohaie,
And corning fiiSt unco this place
1 took it up ; the right is mine,
Which, to be Sure, s will maintain.
tapper lViSl was in a pother,
Tabeorar-witte 1 bv the other,
And cry'd, 1 will my right purStie,
1 leave a right as well as you ;
And if you are thus fully bent,
Let's try the title by content.
One Serjeant Law by chance came by,
Who Sal t, refer this cause to me ;
W^ith this my sharp deciding knife,
I'll part an end fooeo to thi, Strise ;
took tire fith and cut it up,
And fairly did the oyster Sap.
Thus the cane he open'd well,
And gave to Iom and ^'all the shell.
If year hereafter disagree,
prefer the ewarter still co me :
1 dwell. laid he. in inns of cesurt,
Where fuels, for justice, ftillreSort :
^Sy name Is Law. a dotva-right man.
S snake men frindr when eaought else can.
'lire two men paus'd on this diaeourSe,
And were both Satisfyd per sorae.
Ser. they reply 'd. trust us for that,
Since you did now the oyster eat,
We will go home, our neighbours teSS^
Ycara leeft the fools the empty shell.
The MORAL-
ll'hcu men, by perverse nations led,
Dsinie the rgbi wbieh neither had,
Tire law etoes all th' advantage gain,
Aiad feads them beggars home again.
•i^ef lowers Sines were many years ago lest with
an iaa.d.crtakar wilhaaat New-gate. to be eegra-
^•n On a plate, anlfastera'd to the corin of an
unknown tasly decear'd, who was seppf dto he
seme esofset urate p.-rsen of quality i as.d ih.y
^'ere sssd to be written by heistS basin her
death, vin
rlchout a name, for ever Senfelefs , dumb ;
It Dust, ashes, nought ell'e sies within this
tomb,
W'hoe'er 1 was, or am, it matters neat ;
To whom related, or by whom begot.
1 was, but am not, ask no mote of me ;
'Tis nil S am. end all that you mult so.
Vet., IV
For our readers entertainment, we stail present
them w th an uncommon piece of poetry, writtenbyKar^Sm,
theseiro-srite rnistr.ofS of Tamerlane
the Great, dy way of co gratuSation,
after hi cSuccese egairsl Bajazet. It was compos'd
in form af a lcezaage, ihe letters ofwhick
were brilliant diamonds, upsn a graua.d ofcrimsin
adver. The words, theordr, and thesigure,
are etad.y as tn the ocgenaS. Note,
The wit of the lady's po-try lay rn its seape
aaad^n. cloths; where a lady's wit esterr li-S
in other countries, b sides Tartary.
S O U N D
o xz at A at P s !
s o u sc n our rs arari,
Tlt.'MI^ r rr a o R ar A a-,
wrao, wrraa atas swortrs,
o^ ^slctltr, iuralsra.ria arrat,
atcicia a a.a, wae^ rare Asr as i at Art as.
Atiao tasos r, waro w- Ro NO ac a i.s, r ^aez.
Tiaz s at ac^N es r at or rar A r aa oat r A ac xs ;
coe^AvrNo, nrresiicr sr o esc eves,
arret at AS Aoaa^iSr aa e s.t rraa,
waaAV t a n a ate w o ^
sty ii a a ii a S i tr noy^u,
s r r o rc it a ic ar a ii si ;
^.SS^^^l', r. A r a.,
a ii atis r a r
F O U N D .
Tamerlane arisurer'd her in Sake firm , but with
a great deal ofgallantry and politearefs ; iaa
letters of amethysts, upon a groand of greera
uctuei.
F I V E
aAvra.es rouesaar,
At^n iozAata.y ROucsaar,
yrar TS^S MI ^ recast
A i,' to its aacteaooov iiarta
ssAs roRet'n Aa.erozs ro yaeera,
aztoueaNo ctaaomscs, Astro a.arsn,
n y as r s TRIUMPHANT UANDa
or ^ y N s y z a es A r t^ D a cost c^u asr y a
sosovrur., ASiaa so iaaaac ro aaa^
As wasrst a eottc^iur'a ras^.
Of KAKASI^I! rasv woas
s a l air WORsr Foes.
a u r o a r s. a as ^ ;
r o R a . o y e o r r R a a e
R a z P s sa ar .
A L I V E .
A/J is VANITY'.
rR-siSE active youth a lifelrss lump shall ke;
R Thetaoed lord Shall leave his pageantry^
The carcaSs of the K rg the waams Sh.ls eae ,
From tlaee, O de.th 1 ro morta. can retreat''
Whole generations iratho .lust are lard,
And Sc on muSt all go to that gloomy Shade.
Ola! man remember, thou arc torn to die,
And all on earth iti Saaho^ vanity, b. 1-.
4 11 The

^ MAGA^I^F ^ MAGA^INF8,
^ e H I S T O R Y O^ OUF ^ W N ^ I M E S.
R U S S l A.
^ ^ ^ HE calamities oS this
^ ^ empire are Srequent and
1 Severe ; the City of Peteof
^^•-^^St burgh and the country ad-
^ j a cent have sufferld great-
ly by a hurricane and inundation which
happened on the 2d and 3d os Nov.
paft : More than a ioeao people have
perish'd, the fortifications have been almost
destroy *d, and most of the houses
situated near the A^eva ruin'd ; nor has
the mischief been less considerable at
Cronstadi, A^'erva, Reve/, and other parts
of the empire, where most of the Ships
at anchor Yvcre beaten to pieces against
each other; more than a ioo ships are
damaged, and will probably be detained
So long as not to be able to Sail before
the frost locks them up, which will
be an incredible loss to their owners.
P E R S I A .
A fresh competitor has appeared for
the throne of this distracted empire,
said to be a grandson of Sahach Hussein.
As it is supposed that the Turk yvill Support
Iris pretensions, be has been joined
by several Persian chiefs:.
D E N M A R K .
By a violent hurricane on the toth of
November, much damage has been done
upon our coasts ; and many pieces os
wrecks are daily driven on shore.
S W E D E N .
The Empress of Rusha has withdrawn
part of her troops from the frontlersof
Fin/and, which shewing her dependance
upon the faith of our government, gives
great pleasure here.
G E R M A N Y.
• It should seem that, notwithstanding
lhefmoothand complaisant language ufed
between the different courts of Europe,-nothing
is expected but perfidy and
breach of faith. The empress queen
is employed in providing Hungary, and
her other dominions with all the instruments
and materials of war, as if some
sudden attack was expected ; and his
Prussian majesty displays himself conti-
nually, in his reviews, in his military
preparations, and in new documents to
his officers relating to the discipline as
his troops, which amount to i3i,a4o
men, vi^. cavalry 9,95te, dragoons
io,83o, hussars i2,ooo, and infantry
98,7oo men. This number is tire
more extraordinary, as an account of
all the inhabitants of his electoral dominions
tulcen in i668, makes them but
23o,ooo men able to bear arms.^uln
every little dispute amongst the German
princes more chicane and cavilling continue
to be employld than one yvould
expect from a sett of wranglers at the
bar, and every member as that great
body, seems^ fway'd more by ambition,
interest, or revenge, than by principles
of patriotism and motives of religion.
B A R B A R Y.
The Emperor of Morocco has afresh
begun to make such demands, and to
resin re such impossible conditions of
the Eng/ish, as leave no room to doubt
but he is instigated by some rival an
trade, to break bis late treaty YvitSl
them.
I T A L Y .
The Coesicans have absolutely resoled
to conferrm to the new regulations proposed
by the Marq. de Curzay, and have
protested against any that should subject
thein again to the tyranny of the
Genoese e They have even debated the
question, to what power they should apply
sor protection ; whether to Ho//and
G. Britain or S ain ; the French on this
occasion are greatly puzzled how to
act, for a war with those islanders, who
are fccretly furnished with arms, must
be tedious, expensive, and without a
possibility of advantage, yet to leave
the Genoesi at last, and nothing done for
them, would hot be to the honour os
the French monarch.
Rome, Nov. 25. By the good offices
of his holiness the pope, and other
friends of the a5tuart family, a reconcrstation
has been accomplished between
the pretender and bis son (he Cardinal
of

.^y* D E C E M B E R , I J ^
of Fork ; this last came hither from
Bologna the 2ist of this month, and alighted
at she palace of his father, who
Yvaited for him v.'ith impatience, and
received him wish great demonstrations
of tenderness. The fame day they receiyed
on this occasion the compliments
ofthe cardinals and noblesse. On the
23d Cardinal York went to thank the
pope for the pains he had taken to
procure that reconciliation.
S P A I N ,
This court, by the augmentation
making in her marine, seems to aim at
the title of a maritime power. lt is
reckoned that we have now in the several
ports of this kingdom, i8 ships of
the line of battle, and feyeral frigates
in readiness to put to sea, and 'tis confidently
asserted that before the end of
the winter the king's navy will consist
of 64 ships from 6oguns and upwards,
and a8 frigates.— Most of the ships of
the line lately built are in a condition
to be rigged.
New shtps. Cans.
The Roval
St. Ferdinand So^Of oak built in
Fhrenix
Thunder
The St. Philip
8oC this kingdom.
Tvger ^o |
Priucessa 7o
Infant ^o Of ceder wood,
Galicia
^and built at the
I.a Reyna
Dragon
Conqueror
Fort
7o Havanna. ^
New Spain
The Carthagena
Asia
—not finished
A frigate
A packet-boat 2
Three ships ofthe line
Three frigates
taiingren sine of Soatcle
Ships
6o
6o
60 y
6o^
6o I Built at Carbo
)sthagenaby Mr.
2o 1 Rulh the En-
glishman.
,On the stocks
a at Cadin.
, in the Several ports
, of this kingdesm
Sixteen frigates 't ready ^ to . put - to tea.
They are also building 3 men of war in
Galicia,
n It was the prevailing opinion in
Spain, that ceder was the best timber
for shipping t and therefore the government
had thefe ships built at the Havanna
; but Mr Ruth the Englishman,
whom the king has made director of
the yards and docks, docs not adopt
that opinion ; he affirms that oak is
preferable to ceder in all refpects ; and
his sentiments have prevailed, as the
court appears determined to have all the
king's ships constructed for the future
in Gld Spain.
The king has sent orders to his governors
in America, to pay to the proprietors
of the English ships taken since
the cessation of hostilities, their full
value.
P O R T U G A L .
His most faithful majesty, in imitation
of Spain, has engaged a English shipbuilders,
to build tS or 2o ships of the
line, and fome frigates for his service.
F R A N C E .
Five ships of war failed from Brest
on the aoth past for Pondicherry, having
on board 6o battering cannon, 7o
field pieces, and 44 mortars. besides a
laroe store of provisions and amunition,
with presents for the Indian Nabobs in
their interest ; several fmall squadrons
aresail*d from thesame port, their destination
not publickly known. But the
increase of the French marine is no secret
; and their landforces amount to
21 i,75o.
H O L L A N D .
The Princess Governante having assisted,
for the first time, at the assembly
of the states of this province, express ld
herself in a very pathetic manner ; and
among other things proposed to reduce
the life-guards, as well as the regiment:
of Dutch foot-guards, and that of the
Swish guards ; by which reduction there
would be an annual saving to the state
of tio,4^o florins : Which plan has
been approved as by tbe states general,
and there is to be a reduction of fortytwo
men, in a regiment of foot-guards.
sixteen men of a company, amounting
to 224 men ; and in the Swiss guards-
^52 men.
4 B a. Accosea^

^ 4 ^ d MAGAZINE MAGA^lNE^,
Account of a terrible Hurricane thai happenedal
Charles Town, S. Carolina,
on Sep. 1 5.
From the S. Carolina Gazette, SCpt. 19,
1752-
On the 1 4th in the evening it began to
blow aery hard, the wind being at N. E
and the Sky looking wild and threatning.
It continued blowing from the same
point, with little variation, 'till about 4
o'clock in the morning of the 1 5th, at
which time it became more violent,
and rained, increasiaig very fast sill about
9, when the flood came in like a
boar filling the harbour in a Save minutest
Before i 1 o'clock, all the vessels
in the harbour were on shore, except
the Hornet man of war, which rode it
out by cutting away her main-mast ;
all the wharfs and bridges Yvere ruined,
and every houfe, store, &c. upon
them beaten down, and carry 'd away
(with all the goods, &c. therein,) as
were alSomany houSes in the town ; and
abundance of roofs, chimneys, &c. almost
all the tiled or slated houfes were
uncovered ; and great quantities oS
merchandise, &c. in the Stores on she
Bay-street damaged, by their doors being
burst open i The town was likewise
overflowed, the tide or sea having
role upwards often Seet above the high
water mark at Spring-tides, and nothing
now was to be Seen but ruins of houScs
canoes, wrecks of pettiaugUas and boats
malls, yards, incredible quantities of ail
forts of timber, bartels, staves, shingles,
boushold and other goads, floating and
driving, with great violence, thro* the
streets and round about the town. The
inhabitants finding themSelves in the
midst of a tempestuous sea, the wind
Still continuing, the tide (according to
its common course) being expected to
flow till after one o'clock, and many of
the people being already up to their
laecks in water in their houfes, began
now to think of nothing but certain
death t But ^here we must record as
signal an instance of the immediate interposition
of the divine providence, as
ever appeared j they were foon delivered
from their apprehensions ; for about
lo minutes after i t o'clock, she wind
veered to the E. S. E. S. and S. W.
eery quick, and then (tho* it continued
its violence, and the lea beat and daubed
every where with amazing impetuosity)
the waters fell above 5 feet in the
Space of io minuses, without which unexpected
and sudden fall, every houie
and inhabitant in this town, must in all
probability, have perished t And before
three o*elock the hurricane was entirely
over.—Many W ere drowned, and others
much hurt by the fall of houses.—
At Suhivarl's ifland, the pest houSe was
carried away, and oS l 5 people that
were in it nine are lost, the reft saved
themSelves by adhering strongly to seme
of she rafters of the hout'e when it Sell,
upon which they were driven Some
miles beyond the ifland to Holcaw.—
At fort Johnson the barracks were heat
down, most of the guns dismounted,
and their carriages carry ld away.—At
Craven *s and Granvills bastions, and
the batteries about this town, she cannon
were likewise dismounted.—The
Mrmaia man oS war, which had juft
gone up to llobcaw to heave down,
was drove ashore not Sar Srom the careening
place : The ship Luey, oS and
Sor London,^ John Buloian maStet, which
lay wind bound in Rehellion road,
draggld her anchors, drove by the fort
and this town, and ran ashore upon a
marsh about 7 miles up Cooprr river i
A new vessel Yv.as drove off the stocks,
and wrecked at Mr. Wright's t The
febooner Aancy, John Baulleley, three other
fchooners, and the floop ^ Aaney,
John Bahh master, all of Shis port, ashore
in Col. Heron's pasture : Another
new veffel was wrecked near Mr.Scolt's :
And one but lately begun, with the
Snow industry, belonging to Mr. David
Brown, ashore on the green near his
house i Capt. Waller's pilot boat a-
gairst
Jo By fbis ship, which is now arrived
in England, ateaehaveseveralpackets]
Those ships, &c. marked ^ are fincegit

gainst the governors house ; and his
sloop, the Endeavour', bound for Jamaica,^
after beating down his excellency's
coach-house, stables, &c. was dash'esto
pieces against Mr. Raper's houSe, whose
balcony door her mast entered : Two
or three Pettiauguas were yvreck'd against
Dr. Caw's houSe : A Small Schooner
drove uPagainst the old custom-houle
door ; and one of Mr. LSwands pilotboats
to Mr. Tho. Smith's : Several
boats, &c. against Mr. Price's : The
stoop Katharine of New York. Rich. Manley,
master bound Sor Halisax, and she
floop industry, of and for Rhode lslanel
ashore upon the head oSMr. Beresford's
wharf: The Snow Charming Aanry, of
and for Hu//, on the head of Capt.
Simmons's, near the eouncil-chamber :
The brig. Peggy and Sally, of arid for
Bristol, Wm. James master, against the
curtain-line, between Mr. Tho. Elliott'5
and Mr. Molte'5: The sloop Henry,
Henry Cregier master, of arid for New
York, against the Exchange or Newmarket
; where Mr. Edware/'s other
pilot-boat is wreck'd : The show Dove,
John Tuppen, bound Sor Cape-Fear, on
the head of Mr. Eveleigh's wharf : A
Small fchooner against the curtain-line,
near the Dove .• The brig, Two Friendi,
of and for Fa/mouth, Roht. Jones, master,
beat down Some houses, and lies on the
west side of Church-street, along fide of
Mr. John Matthews 's : The ship Lsinn,
of Liverpool, lately arrived from Rotterdam,
which lay up Astley rivet, was
drov*e a great way into the marsh near
Wappooe The sloop ^ Polly, George Gore,
bound for Barhadoes ; The fchooner ^
Elinaheth, Alexander M' Gillivray, of this
port, for Jamaica ; the floop Susannah,
Amos Minot, also of this port ; the fchooner
Bard^, with 8 or io other fmall
schooners, ovvn'd here, and three or
four pilot-boats, are drove, some into
the woods, some into corn-fields, and
others far into the marshes, on and about
James-Island, Wappoo, & c . —
For about 3o miles round Charles- Town,
there is hardly a plantation that has not
lost every house upon it. All our roads
are so filled with trees bloyvn and br eke
F C F M B F R, l s ^ . ^ ^
down, that traveling is rendered extremely
difficult ! arrd hardly a fence
was left standing in the town cor eountry.—Our
loss in fine timber trees, is
almost incredible ; and we have sufferld
greatly also, in the loss of cattle, Sheep,
hogs, and all kinds of provision.
—From WiryaW and Port Royal, our
accounts are much more favourable
than were expected, no damage having
been done to the shipping in those harbours,
and very little to the houses, as
the hurricane was hardly selt at either
place.
—Yesterday arrived Capt. Gardner,
from Providence, who fays he felt the
hurricane near St. Augustine, but received
no damage ; that he spoke wish
a large brig, off this bat, in the morning,
belonging to Whitehaven, and bound
from Antigua Sor Cape Fear; and that
he saw part of a wrcck, whole quarter
was painted green.
—This day arrived Capt. Comer, from
Port Royal, who has brought in five
Aeyroes and two seamen, which he
took out of the ship Africa, of and
from Barhadoes for this port, John Dorrengton
matter, lying at anchor amongst
the breakers off North Edista e And Miles
Teelar, master of the Snow Dohby arid
Betly, of and for this port, from Jamaica.—
Cap. Dorrington met with a
violent Storm, about 7 leagues to the
eastward of this place, on the I3thi
that continued till the next afternoon,
in which his Ship lost all her masts,
sails and rigging, had one of her fides
beat in, and five seamen, one negro,
with her boats, &c.wash'd over board:
On the i 5th he came to an anchor off
Edisto ; and the ship Cunliste, of Liverpoos,
(with Germans from Rotterdam^
coming to the same place in the evening,
he with his mate, quitted the .dyrica,
and went on board of her.—Capt. Tedar
has lost his masts, &c. and earried
his vessel into St. Helena inlet, near
which place he met yvith the hurricane :
He spoke with the Canlssa, and a floop
Srom Jamaica which she had in tow,
one White master, that had no mast,
fail or rigging standing ; arid also with
'•the

^ d MAGAZINE s^ MAG
with the sloop Charts Town, Capt.
Steely which vessels are now coming in.
—A sloop is Said to be ashore on Bong
Island ; and great quantities oS wreck
have been met with upon the coast.
—The Mermaid, and most of the other
vessels on shore here, may be got off
again.
—On Sept. i 8. His excellency James
Glen, Etq ;-our governor, issued a proclamation
for the general assembly
•which Yvas adjourned to Aov. 2i. to
meet upon this impeartant occasion on
Sept. 26, and published the following
Order of council :
'1 T 1 so excellency the governor, and
I I his majesty's council, has ing received
information, that divers wicked
and ill-difpoled persons, regardless of
she laws of God or of the province,
and divesting themSelves of all humanity
for their fellow-subjects, take advantage
of the calamity with which it
has pleased God to afflict the inhabitants,
by the late dreadful hurricane,
and go about picking up, purloining
and plundering. the goods, wares and
merchandize, houshold furniture, sails,
tigging, timber, boards, shingles, and
other things, carried away by the violence
of the wind and waves, and lest
in different parts of Charles Town, and
elsewhere, and his excellency, and the
conncil, greatly lympathizing with the
nnhappy sufferers, and being desirous to
protect all his majesty's subjects in sheir
just properties, are determ ned to discourage
and prevent, to the utmost of
their power, the above abominable and
iniquitous practice t And to that end,
they order all his majesty's justices of
the peace, constables and other officers
and ministers, when they shall receive
information, upon oath, against any
white person concerned, or said to be
concerned in thefe wicked practices, or
when there is reasonable ground of Suspicion
thereof, that they bind over such
person, to answer she same at the next
general sessions, or commit him or her
to custody, to be dealt with according
to law : And that no Negro or other
slave, shall presume to cartry off or
take away, anv goads wares or merchandize,
houshold furniture, Sails, rigging,
timber, boards, shingles, or other
things, that have been wrecked eor carried
orYvav by the viedence of the wind
and Yvaves, and left in (^.ass Teytraar or
elsewhere ; except in the presence of,
or by a permit fraam the person claiming
or having charge of such goods t
And it is hereby ordered, that all negroes
or other slaves offending herein, shall
he sent to the workhouse, there to he
cortected for such offence.
ALUXreNDER GoROON,ClC'-
From the South Carolina Gazette, Sept.
27. Printed by Pater Timothy, a
Member of the Genera/ ^semhly.
^7 Esterday, pursuant to the governet's
proclamation the general
assembly met and chose James Michel/,
Esq ; fpeaker. The governor after a
polite introduction laid,—" 1 recommend
to your present consideration, To
endeavour to render the lives of his
majesty's subjects as Seer re as our present
circumstances will permit. Fortifications
are undoubtedly a great security
against any foreign force, and, as
ours are now ruined, it is my duty to
prat you in mind, that they should be
repaired. In the next place we Should
endeavour to make them as comfortable
as we can. 1 therefore recommend
to you, to prepare fome law, for preventing
the exportation of corn, ^ that
the poor may he able to purchase provistuns
at moderate price.*'
"There are other, I cannot say
fmaller, matters, that alfo require your
immediate
o The council and asinndly next say sere
'era/y thanked the governor sin the cart,
concern, attention ana/ regard expristed in
his sineeh, and on Oct. 7. forshed and
pasted an act for prohibiting lhe exportation
of corn, peuse ane/ Sina/1 rice sin l 2
months, allowing ho-wever to every ship 2
hastels of corn or peasc, and i oo weight
of finaliJ rice sin each peofn on board

fiey- E C F M
immediate attention; two vessels are
at present in this harbour, vvitli upwards
of 8coo foreign protestants on
board •. and two others are hourly expected,
wish the like number : This
will be a considerable addition to our
strength, and iS they are comfortably
fettled, they vyillnot only by that means
be kept here, but they '.sill encourage
many others tea come; but as there is
a paragraph in a late law relating to
this matter, that has been found to be
attended with great inconveniencies, I
must recommend to you to revile arid
alter it.
I am loth to accumulate any more
business, at a time when your own affairs
make it necessary for fo many of
you to be in the country ; but it is propet,
at all times, to have a watchful
and attentive eye upon Indian affairs,
and even the fettling of those foreign
protestants in proper places may be
made subservient to our security in that
quarter.
JAMES GLEN.
From the Carolina Gazette, Oct. 3.
Charles-Town, Octoher 3.
On Sept. 3o. we had another terrible
hurricane, which begun, with wind and
rain, about 4 o'dcock in the afternoon,
but ceased foon after 7 in the evening.
For 2 or 3 days before, the violence
of the yvind (which blew from N. E.
and E. and at last settled at S. E.) and
the great quantity of rain that had fallen,
kept the tides from ebbing their
due ccrUrSe and time, fo that when this
hurricane began to abate, tho' the water
should have been low, it was higher
than at common fpring-tides ; and had
the wind rose, as was expected, when
the flond should have come in, our
Situation would have been most deplorable
indeed ! But the Same providence
that interposed before, was again visible
here.
From the Carolina Gazette, October 9.
The hurricane which hapened on
the 3oth ult. has done greater damage
at sea and to the southward, than that
B F R, 17^2.
of the 15th t Abundance of trees and
several houses having been blown down
that did not Suffer before : At Port-
Reyal, the water rose 4 S'eet and an half
higher than ulual, and a Sloop was
drove ashore that entirely beat away
Mr. Furry 's wharf : A floop from Rladeisland,—^Weadron
master, bound Sor
this port, put into Edisto, lost all her
anchors, bowsprit, sails, boat, the
captain washed out at one of the portholes,
and thrown in again : The
Schooners Belly, John Mills master, from
Mary/and yvith German passengers, and
Minerva, /saac CoLock, from Philadelphia,
were obliged to put into Edisin s
The show Bristo/ Merchant, Capr. Parsins,
from Bristo/ sor this port, with a
very valuable cargo on board, that
sail'd to come round fiom Port- Royal
alter the sirst hurricane, lost her bowfprit,
top-masts, fails, &c in this ; and
is Since beat to pieces upon Edisto bar,
the vessel and cargo entirely lost: A large
floop, whose quarter was painted greera
and white, drove ashore and beat to
pieces upon Kay wed island, none of the
people, but many limes, found ; Capt.
Tedir's show, drove into a marsh at
St. Helena ; near which inlet another
show, from sea, is said to be beat to
pieces : A large ship beat to pieces.
upon the Hunling-istandi. And another
floopsaid to be ashore upon the foutbren
coast 'Tis reported, that a ship and
floop are also ashore upon the Racoon
keys.—The ship Africa of Barhadees,
and show Vine, of Liverpool, drove ashore
on the 3oth, ult. are since beat to
pieces; but their cargoes have been
saved : Tucker's sohooner has been got
off.—All the books, surveys and papers,
&c. in the surveyor-general's office,
were five leet under water, in the first
hurricane, many of them walh'd away,
and the rest in a perishing condition,
tho' the utmost care has been taken of
them.
Charles-Town, October 3o.
On this calamity rice rose from ^o
per Cent. to 7o. but since the hurricane
the weather having been warm, we
now

now hope to make 6o,ooo barrels of
rice ; tho' just aster it we expected no
more than 3o,ooo.
Bv a storm that bappenld on the i st
of October, much damage aaas likewise
been suSserld in North Carolina and at
Cape Breton, at the latter of whicSi
places no less than 57 veffeis were driven
onshore, none oswhich ingn ever be
got off. On the 9in of October, much
loss was Sustained alto, by a Stcorm on
the coast of Now England among the
shipping.
3o, Being the birth day of her royal
highness the ptinceSs dowager oS 11 ales,
was celebrated as rstual, and there were
great courts at Leecistor Hoof and St.
James's.
Came on, at their houfe in Crane
Court, the election oS council arid officers
of the Re.yal Society far the year
ensiiion; when the Riabt Hon. George
EarlofMacclerfor/ was elected president,
in the room of Martin Follcs, Esq; who
resign 'd. The sallowing gentlemen
were elected of the council :
Rev. Thomas Birch, ' rlathary, Lord Sli-
M. A.Seca Shop of Bangor.
Rev. Rechaod StradIey. ^ Saau . Ol .rke. ESq,
D. D. astronomer ' Peeer CesfliSOn, ESq;
royal ^ Rev. Dr. Clra. Lytlamer
Burrow, ESq; tletesn, ESq, d arr of
Tee. Da vail. ESq; Sec. Exeter.
Maelin Folks, ESq; • Parsons, .'.S. D.
^ir Hans SSoun. Bart. ^ ]olan PringSe, M.D.
Mr. Wrm. Watfon. ' ft. Roderick, ESq,
)ohn Ward. S- s. D. Mr. Samtrer sharps.
lu. Weft, ESqi treas. " Sstr, ).mes She rt.
^.t. Hon. Hugh Ford ^ Hcsnoaarable Pliilip
WilSongfabyofPar- Ytork, ESq;
ham.
ThoSe marked ^ are new members.
Aster a very learned and in gentous
oration, suitable to the esccastun, by the
Rt. Hon. the Lord Willenghby of Parham,
vice-president, the annual prize
medal of gold was given to Dr. Prsingle,
sot his curious and nSesul experiments
and observations upon the nature of
Septic and antiseptic Substances.
Dec. 7. A fire consumed Sour houfes
a; Poplor.
The Sessions ended at the Gld.hailey,
When 6 received Sentence of death,
Wm clorkc for sorgi ng, and publishing
an order for 2871. s 5s. cod- Wm. Ciess
for Stealing a box with money and goads,
value i 2ol. Wing Lee for stealing a silver
watch aaed about 3ol. in inonev ; Eliz-
Deain Sor Stealing goods and money iai
a dwelling houfe ; Win. ABorris Sor rob.
bing, and cruelly wounding John Burl;
and Ahra. Ward for the murder of
Elin. a5eiunelers, (who was executed on
the t lth) one was sentenced to be transported
for i 4 years ; i 8 for 7 years ;
3 to be branded, arid 4 whip'd.
il. This dav Thomas Andersen, who
was condemned by a court martial at
Worcester for desertion, was executed
at a place called King-stand, about a
mile from Shretastury. When he came
to the place of execution, he addressed
she major, &c. in a very handsome
freech ; aSier that, addreSled himself to
his brother Soldiers in very affectionate
terms, particularly to the persons appointed
so Shoot haen, assuring them he
forgave them, and desired they would
pray for him : He then kneeled down,
and prayed a considerable time ; after
which he took a purse of money cut of
his packet, and laid it on his coffin,
desiring them to accept of that fum as
a token of his forgiveness. Then he
took eoff his bat and wig, and laid them
on his coffin (which, with the shroud,
lay by him) and put on a white cap
(tied with a black ribband) and drew
it over his face; he then took a hankerchief,
and held up his hand, and after
praying privately for about five
minutes, dropped the handkerchres as
a signal Sor the Soldiers to fire, which
three of them did ; but life beirrg still
perceived in him, a fourth person shot
him thro* the head, which entirely dispatched
him. The soldiers then marched
round hirn, one bv one; after which
a pair of gloves and a black neck ribband
were delivered to each of the fix
foldiers, agreeable to Mr. Andersen's request.
This being done, his body
was cartied to St. Mary's churchyard,
where it was rntered.— lt is not
to be conceived with vthat.c aurage and
resolution he behaved to the very last
moment,—dying as became a christian
a no a soldier.
Bcfisles

Besides the above account we have
heard os the following particulars concerning
him, via. That he is a raoman
catholic, a native of York/hire, is descended
of a good family, has had So
liberal an education, that he is versed
in all the modern languages, and has
travelled into most parts of Europe .-
That, occasionally, he has game by the
different names of Misharfk, Sympsin,
and Douglas ; by the first of which he
Pass'd wiien ho came first into the regiment,
but it was soon discovered that
his real name was Andersen e That the
regiment being ouartered in this city
abeiut three years ago, he obtained a
furlow for a few clays ; but, instead of
returning, went abroad, and (as it is
Said) was at Prague, Hanover, Vienna,
and other palaces in Germany-, after which
coming to Perth, in .Scotland, he pass'd
by the name of Charles Doug's, where,
being fufpected of treasonable practices,
himself and his servant (Ihomas Jones)
were taken up, and after sume examination
sent prisoner to Eelinhurgh, where
he was confined in the Castle, in the
Same apartment where mils Jenny Cameron
was lodg'd ; and tho* he was several
times examined before the Lord
Provost, &c. yet nothing could be then
proved upon him, and therefore was
to have been liberated in a few days ;
hut, in the mean time, it being discovered
that his name was Thomas Andersin
and that he belonged to Sir John
Lrgonier s regiment, be was efcorted hither
under a strong guard, to take his
trial at a court-martial for deSertion.—
This • persin hcing hitiugll urider such a
strong -uard, gave occasion to a rumour
thai the young Pretender was taken in
Scotland.
t4 e'sinavin and Adanoury, stood a
second time in the pillory, and were severely
pelted by the populace.
2o. Richmond Park was opened, by
his majesty's order.
. 28. 1 he Swallow floop of war, armed
from the East-Indies, (having been
oat 5 years) h^ brought an account of
the great battle between the Mogul's
^my, assisted by the English under the
^OL. IV,
F C F M B F R, 'I
command of Major Leverence, and the
rebellious natives, assisted by the French,
wherein the latter was entirely defeated.
A thousand private men, and above
sixty oflicetS of the French, together
Yvith the French Nabob, surrendered
themfelves prisoners So the English;
but they delivered tbem up to the Mogul's
Nabob, who immediately struck
off the French Nabob's head- A great
number were killed, and many pieces
of cannon taken. The English behaved
with great conduct and resolution
throughout- the whole affair.
3o. The K. of Prrssia pretends to
deduct out of the last payment of the
Silesia loan I94,7oo Branderrhusin
crowns, as a satisfaction to his subjects
sor their ships and cargoes taken by our
privateers during the war, having on
board contraband goods.
Cambridge, Dec. i6. The Hon-
Mr. Finch, arid the Hon. Mr. Townsinned,
members of parliament for this
uniY-crsity, have given two prir.es of i 5
guineas each to the Senior batchelorsof
arts, and the like to the middle batcbelors,
who shall Compose the best
exercises in Letin prose, to be read
publickly by them on a day hereafter
appointed near the commencement.
Brirlo/, Dec. i6. Last Tuesday we
had a terrible storm of thunder, . lightening,
rain and hail, attended wttis
hard gales of wind. One of the claps'
of thunder was exceeding loud between
sive and six in the evening, and the
lightening at the same time very much
surprises many people in she street^
and houSes. A great ball of fire Wan
seen to issue from the clouds, which Shot
with great Swiftness to the northward.
Several people on the road, coming to
this city, were struck with such a panick,
that they got off their horses tes
Shelter themselves from the tempest.
'Tis thought that the lightening came
with such large flashes, as to exceed any
thing of the kind ever Seen here before.
Glsinow, Dec 25. At four this afternoon,
a remarkable meteor, being a
large ball of fire with a long tail, past
over this place, in direction from the
4 C N E

^JO ^ MAGA^tN
N. E. to the S. W. and aster haying
exhibited, sor Some time, the v.-rrious
colours oS the rainbow, it burst into a
thousand Sparks of fire, and was immediately
followd by a great shower
os hail.
Ha/isax, in eVova Se-rtia, Aug. 1 . On
Sunday last his excellency Governor
Hohson arrived here, in his majesty *s
fliip Jason, of ^o guns, and on Memday
his excellency landed under the
discharge oS the cannon from on board
the ships in the harbour, and Srom the
parade ; Yyas received on the beach, by
a number oS the gentlemen of the army,
&c.
Mr. Garrick is solicitous to banish
vice from the theatre, by his having
first omitted to exhibit that Scandalous
piece the London Cuckorde on the evening
oS lord mayor's day, contrary to immemorial
custom, and the practice of
the other house. He has alfo made a
vigorous attempt to exclude folly, but
the friends os follyappeared to be So numerous,
that he could not effect his
purpoSe.
The toyvn had been allured to Covent-Garden
by a wire-dancer, and
Some strange animals, which the manager
brought together Srom Sadler 's-
W'el/s and the Fair. Mr. Gar-rick ridiculed
this^ perversion oS theatrical entertainment,
by exhibiting a mock entertainment
of the Same kind. At this
the town was offended, and a party
went eone evening determined to damn
it ; a person oS Some distinction, who
was very bufy in this laudable attempt,
threw an apple at Woodward, and bit
him. Woodward relented the blow by
some words, which by the gentleman's
account implied a challenge, but by
Woodwards no such thing. Woodward's
account is confirmed by the affidavits
of many ; that of she gentleman, only
by his own, tho* the box in which he
Sat was full. The Inspector espoused the
cause of the gentleman ; and the Covent
Geinden Journa/ist of the comedian,
and in a humourous account, which he
gives of the quarrel between the houSes
^n military terms, he says, that Garrick 's
^f M A GA^IN F8,
forces took the enemy's trumpeter prisoner,
who having an empyema in his
side, and many dangerous bruises in his
breech, could not make off ; of this
invidious reflection the Inspector has avoided
the force by obferving in a note
to his next effay, that the hurt which
he received from Mr. Brown was not
in his breech but his fide.
The new entertainment, 1 think, hath
fully decided the controvert, and six's/
the superiority ofpantonine to Drurv-lane
theatre, as it had before had of almost
every thing else ; and 1 must say, that for
beauty ofseenery, elegance of deesi, propriety
of music, and regularity of defign,
it exeeeds all the boasted grandeur of
Harlequin Sorcerer, or of any 1 leave
seen, either separate or collective.—
The sast shene beggars all description;
the most romantic eastern accoun t of sumptuous
pa/aces are but saint to this display
of beauty, this glow of light, this profusion
of glittering gems, which adope
'the whole, and much exceeds all expectation
—i rejoice and cOrrgratu/ate rnysilf
that /am not of that modern way of
thinking, (or rather seeming to think)
that nothing can deserve tie epithet good
from their superior taste but Yubile 1 am
pleased will own it, and not endeavor
to gain the character of a critic. at the
expence or violation of my senses.—
SCOURGE, No. 14-
Theatricai Paragraphs sinm theCa ^ rrs-
M AN, now conducted by Joseph IGanvers,
lsin upon anew Plan.
Drury-Lane—There bad like to have
been an intestine rupture here on Monday
last, between Ensign Marr and
Lieut. Wooc^erard, the former resenting
it highly, that in a late pamphlet he
should be put on a footing with the
lnseector. But Mr. iVoodward, with
bis uSual politeneSs, made a very genteel
apology, and assured Mr. Hsinr
that it never was his intent to rank their
merits in the same degree of perfectio^-
He then entertained the company
the fallowing parody. "

I ^ E C E M B F R ,
Basy, curious, crazy H —
Write of me, and write thy fill,
Freely welcome to abase,
Ceould'ft thou sine thy railing muse.
Make the most of this you can ;
Strife is short, and life's a Span.
Both alike thv pen and pay
Flasten quick to their decay,
This a trifle, that*s tao more,
Tho* repeated to threescore.
Threefcoa e vol m s wh.n shey'rewrit
Will appear, at last, b — t .
Covent-Gardan -—The less of poor
Mr. Gibson lias affected us in a very
sea Stole manner, and carders are issued
out for a general mourning throughout
the company ; the men to wear dirty
shirts, the women black capuchins,
Too much of Water hast thou, poor
Gibson 1
• Dublin. On notice, that General
Mandlox (from Covem-Garden theatre)
was arrived in the Racehorses orders
were immediately given for a general
discharge of the ordnance, which
was executed accordingly ; the hig
drum, that has been made use of, for
time immemorial, to salute Glhello
upon his arrival at Cyprus, beingfirnd
21 times, and distinctly heard
throughout the whole house This
compliment being paid, Gen. G Sheriaan,
Lieut. Gen. Digger, and Brig.
King, went to the waterside. and received
this great man, at his landing,
with great politenefs, while an immoderate
croYvd gathered about them ;
being extremely desirous to see the
man, who, walks on an iron string.
From the key he was conveyed, in a
nodlee or rings end car, to a lodging
prepared for him in Srnock-A/ley ; and
the next day he received 3 5 invitations
to dinner.—in short, people of
all ranks vie with each other, in
shewing civility to this persormer;
and it is the common opinion, that
the university will present him Yvith
an honorary degree ; tho* the more
discerning entertain fome doubt of
this, on occou^t osliis beinga Hlcs^-
SSLSER*,
A List of Births for the Year 1752.
Nov. 3o d^Ountefs ofEgremont, delivered
of a daughter.
Dec. 4. Lady of the Hon. Everard
Arundel, Esq;—of a daughter.
9. Lady Diana, daughter to the E.
of Carlisle, and Yyise to Thomas Duncombe,
Esq;—of a daughter.
to Lady of Sir Wm. Beauchamp
Proctor,— of a sen.
17. Vifcountess Bulkeley,—of a posthumous
fon and heir.
Countess of Lauderdale, —of a fon.
Lady Betty Cunningham, — of
a fon.
A List of Marriages for the Yoar 1752.
Nov. 2o.^Dw. Blount, Esq; fon and
Its heir of Sir Edw. Blount
of Seoddington, Worcestershire, Bt. was
married to Mifs Molyneux, fole heiress
of the late Wm. Molyneux of Morborow,
Lancashire, Ef'q;
Dec. 3. John Anfell of Miffenden
Abbey, Bucks, lafq ;——- to Miss Plaistowe.
8. Joleph Hucknell of Putney, Esq;
—to Miss Jenkins of Sackville-street.
9. Hon. Robert Jocelyn, Esq; fon to
the Lord Chancellor of Ireland, — to
the Hon. Mifs Hamilton, daughter to
Lord Vise. Limerick.
12. Earl of Scarborough,—to Miss
Saville, sister of Sir Geo. Saville, Bart.
Edmund Pytts, Esq ; member for
Worcestershire, to the Countess
dowager of Coventry,
i7. Mr. Wilkinson of Croydon,—to
Mils Maftin, 20,oool.
A List of Deaths ser she Year, 175^.
Nov. 25.|Ohn Marfan, Esq; agent.
I victualler at Dover.
28. Geo. Thornby as Low-Layton,
Esq ;
Dec. l. Rt. Hon. Ld. Dagby, a peer
of Ireland ;' his title and estate deseend
to the Hon. Fdw. Digby, Esq; one of'
the gentlemen os the bedchamber to
the Pu os Wales, and member for Mat-r
meshury

^72 ^ M A G A ^ I ^ F ^ s e M A G A ^ l N F ^ ,
mestoury, Wilts—In aprospect of this event
Mr. Pope says.
There are other trophies deck the truly
brave,
Then such as Anstis casts into the grave;
Fair other stars than
Such as on Hough's unsully'd mitre
shine,
Or beam, good Digby, fiom an heart
like thin'.
Houston Wooley of Clapham, Esq;
he lest his steward 4o,o001. and i oool.
to St. Thomas's hospital.
2. Joliii Pell, Esq ; formerly sheriff
and mayor of Norwich.
Wm. Clarke, Esq; alderman of Norwich,
a right worthy magistrate.
3. John Marsh of Nether Sole Kent,
f-Sq; he has lest.Mr. Winchester, a
surgeon in Norfuli: -street, 7oool. a year,
and his country feat on Batham downs.
4. Wm. Sherwood os Essex, Esq;
^ 5. Godfrey Thornton, Esq; a bank
director.
John Mallory, Esq; laceman to his
majesty.
6. Wm. Baynton of Solly-hull,
Warwickshire, Esq; a considerable estate
devolves to Alderman Ladbroke.
Sir Anthony Westcomber Bart. deputy
muster master general of the
forces.
7. Rob. Dodge, Esq; mayor of Exeter
; the only gentleman that has dy'd
in that office for 88 sears.
8. Henry Powel, Esq; boose-keeper
of Richmond palace, chief clerk of the
acatry,
9. Mrs. TichboUrn, sister to the
late Countess of Sunderland.
Lady Archibald Hamilton, at Paris.
i o. Mrs. H'anter, filter to Alderman
Ironside.
12. Tlio. Windham of Clever Wall,
Gloucestershire, Esq; at Bath.
Rev. Strickland GougH, A. M rector
of Swanfield and V. of byain stead, Lincolnshire.
13. Rev. Mr. John Gregory, chantor
os the catnedral. and deputy chancellor
of she diocese of Gloucester.
: 4- Rob. Eyre, Esq; commissioner
^el excise.
Capr. Kelsey, an elder brother op
the Trinity house, aged 77.
Blake Delaval of Seaton Delaval,
Northumberland, Fsct, lie had the misfortune
to break his leg a sesv days hefore,
which occasioned his death : His
estate of 9oool. a year devolves to his
eldest son member for Hindon.
15. Lady Margaret Heibert, sister to
the late E. of Pembroke and aunt to
the present.
16. Sam. Ryder of Carmliill, Shropshire
Esq ;
Rev. Dr. Atwood, archdeacon of
Taunton. ^
i 8. At Maddingley, near Cambridge,
Mr. Swan, many years steward to Sir
John Hind Cotton, by whom he was
greatly respected, descended from the
autieut. family erf the Swans of South-
Sleet, Kent, YYaiicli flourished in that
cesunty, and were fo long ago as King
Rich. II. Sir Wm. Swan, Bart. was so
created by K. Cha. ll. but the estate
bein^ fold the deceased never would
assume the title- ,
2o. Capt. Fea, of she Old Walpole
Indiaman, ^ , , r
Wm, .Ward,, Esq; master cook of
bis majesty's side kitchen.
Josiah Spearman of Plaistow, in Ef,
sex, Esq; aged 72, who, tho* blind from
his infancy, was a most agreeable companion,
and a gentleman of great discernment
and economy.
a i . Lady Blount, widow of the noted
Sir John Blount, a South-sea director
in 1 72o. '
22, Sam. Lewis of Leostoff, Suffolk,
Efq; . a ,-• | s
Lady of Sir Roger Maityn, Bart.
23. Mr. Elliot, 40 years clerk to Sir
John Barnard.
Mr. Smith, yeoman of bis majesty^
pantry.. .. ^
27 . James Morris:, Esq; clerk assistant
to the bouse of lords.
A List of Preferments sin the Year t ^ '
From the London Gazette.
St. James's, 1 1 l S majesty has been
Dec. ao. l l pleased to appoint

^thy* D E C E M B E R ,
the Right Hon. John Lord Delawart,
Lieut- Gen. os his majesty's forces, to
be governor of Guernsey.
E. of Waldegrave, Sworn of the P.
Council.
1/ leatehall, Dec. 23. John Yorke, ESq;
appointed by his majesty Chafewax in
Chancery. (Edward Wrighte, dec.)
From other Papers.
T^Arl of Waldegrave, appointed governor
to the Prince of Wales,
and Pr. Edward. (F. Harcourt, resigned.)
John Willes, Esq;——by his sather
Lis Ch. Justice Willes, filazer to the
court oS Common Pleas Sor London
and Middlesex. (Eyre dec.)
E. of Northumberland,— a Lord
of the bedchamber. (Waldegrave, promoted.)
Col. Irwin,— Lieut. Col. of Whitesurd's
Regiment in Ireland.
Ja. Johnston, Esq;—Cornet in the
Grey dr.
Mr. Holbach,—chief clerk of the
acatry.
Mr. Drinkwatet,—one of the chief
ceoks to his majesty. (Roberts, dec.)
Mr. George Berniet,— one of the
chief clerks in the annuity office in the
Ftchequet, (his father, dec.)
FcCLEslAStlCAL PilEFERMENtS,
It lchard Newton, D. D. appointed
a^. Canon os Christ- church, Oxon,
void by the translation of Dr. Trevors
Drviairry, MotaAnrv.
a.' t ''FIE principles of natural and. reveal'd
-a religion. A eourfe of Sermons, by
•r. ^arbeertua. YoL a . Kington.
a. A useful memorandum, or tho christians
^tket cempeinon, By Ms. lfingtaingy,
Bp. of St. David's, to the See of Durham.
Gazette.
Dr. Ruthersorth, — archdeacon of
Essex.
Childers Twenryman, M. A. presented
to the L. of Roleston, Nottinghamshire.
(Daubnz, resigned.)
Jn. Mounley, A. B.- Tadcastet, L,
Yoksh.
Mr. Wormington,— Staunton Lacy,
L. Salop.
John Wigmore,— Farnham, L. Surrey.
Dispeoflions to hold two Livings.
tobu Griflith,
aa. so.
^eafeph Dixon,
A. sr.
Tho. Knowles,
A. M.
George Seeker,
A. sr.
o F.kington. R. a Derby
^ PreStwick.R. ^ Lanciash.
o Wiaastar^ton, R. a - ,
f West Felton, R. a
a Ecworth, R. a ^ Suffolk.
a Fevertham. R, ^ Camb.sh.
a Yariry, V. ^ Hertford-
a Sarrdouu, Y shi
Br i.t. of Mortality from Nov. ar. to Dec. a^,
^ Buried " " Christened
Males
Male5 c^ a
Females ^4^ Females cSayo ^ ^
Under a Years eold tattr Buried.
Between a and ^ Within the walls i a^
^ and io— ^o Witht. the w alls 4iil
lo and ao— ai^ Mid. and Surry SSr;
2o and ^o- ia^ City tie fub.Welt.^
^o and 40-— r ^4
4a and ^o—r^a
po end ^o——i 4^
^o and -o— ro; Weekly Nov. a^. ^41
S ^o and ^o— ya^ Dec. ^
^o and eoo—
a a.
^o and r oo—
aey. 4s ;
aoo and rot— a
ate. ^oa
The apothegms ofthe antien ts. avals
^t Ml.'ar.
A vindication of Lord Sbestsbury on moralaty
and religion. is. nd S^oon-
A geeat letter, addreSs'd to all doctors,
^c. particularly tfaofe of the trrr.ch thurch.
la Trend. ed Ckeat^uiorsa -
^ The

^74 ^ MAGA^lNF ^ M A G A 2 I ^ F
The School of man. From the French.
^s, Doris.
y. The question anSwer'd : Whether laving
faith is a auty required by tho moral law. nd.
Ward.
A defence of tho essay on spirit. rs
^otu.
epa. Hoyaest divinity honestly printed. Written
by horrent Tasneitby, a barter in Jeavtu
street. ^d.
so A Specimen ofa liturgy, deSgr.'d sor a
private con^e-^at.on. as, nd. Mella.r
11. A plain acocstant erf juitifieatioar. Published
for the benefit of fetch ate are efeSarous to
have right ana clear apprehertSrons in regard to
that important point. I'artieularly uffad at
.this time. nd. Oluse, Norwrah.
lir s roar y .
12. A Short hiSSory of the D. of sh-t.cr.d.
nd Cooper..
a^. A ca neise haatory of the city of London
as. Cooper.
14. T he history ef the national dtebt. Part.
IV. its. nd. Cooper.
i^. The Korean canpreSlis: Or the history of
the wives of the a a C.tsins. ^ vols. cos. Dodstay.
Pozraay and Est rarer Ai N-'azst r.
a^. Of' tho omniscience of' the Supreme Be-
'ing. A practical eSsay. By Mr. Ssraart nd-
N.wheiry.
5y. .'slinaaets sor his majefty's birthday,
and :4 coutacry dances. nd.each, llea^h.
aS. The coritntarteeS. A baliaa opera. nd
JesineSt^.
The memoirs of Brd.lio and Harriot.
^s. Asonby.
ao. The hiilorv of Betty Barnes, in 2 vols.
lVelsin
aa. T he history of Jemmy and Jenny Jesseyeey.
^vols. ^S- Gardner.
aa. TheSaStyrlntfi. A coslectaon of conundrums.
nd.
2^. The frisky muse. rs. nd. Corbett.
Tit A is it and Sleriiitaaaea
24. The paetene itate of the Brit^ customs.
Ev T. Daser'al, lately deputy ce.mppe.Sier of the
eaastoms, at Suaaaderland, and authttr of Dactor
Mrcatorius. aos. nd. Cave, Paiyree.
N. B. This book will Se very uSeful and
neceSlary sor all merchant, and officers, altho'
ahey may have otraea took. already. not only
hecauSe the aubfady ay4py. or new duty of as.
p. r t.laid on sirace ihe l^st edition of terse books )
laa- maade an elenoSf general a cerataoea in the
lotas net duties and drawback on goods aud
merchandize imporced, baat aalfO bouaute, the
eenftruction aatd dripoSatiora of theSe ta'ases are
fo poaSpicuous and eoaaamndioea , that thecaain-
potation of the dtaties waSS be thereby greatly
la allitated to osheer,, at d a thorough bnowsedge
eaf rSae customs reaader'd e-Saiy aaad Speedily
attainable by all.
a^. Brglaud's interest p or free thoughts on
^ke SSacd.eSaty. ingaaera.,
Reflections on the expodienry of opening
the trade to Turkey. ^d s^ire.
M Am r ^a at a e la.
2y. Hasinrmy's ge^mery. Bri.asin.
Maseaa.eAScroas.
A companion to tlae almanack. with
the asms of all the peers of Great Britain arid
Ireland. 2^. J^'-eys and Clarke.
-SO. The modern qua ks detected. Dedicated
co the college oi phtSraiars, with ruaicaaa
why they oughr to admit Dr. Sctoarb.ag. as.
Cooper.
The stat'aoners almanack. IV re.
Sa. A proposal to aedreSs the grievances eaf
tlae aration. nd. Cooper.
^i. The lissiputiaaa magate.ane. rs. tsetabe-rry.
A deferipeinrr of all traded. ^s. lksrla'er-
A discourse; proper to be read at St.
J—^'s. nd.- Corbett.
A s e b e e n e o f a fund sor the better maintenance
oi the widows and children of the
eterg,. By Fred. alVearta r. M. A. re^or of
^peeenbithe, l.cread^ae nd. r^wen. - 'She
ium to be iu ^Scribed by Saach clergymen as
are walling to secure the benefit to their widow-s
and children rs twera.y st-illags aauaually,
aatd to pay down five potptrds towards a oapalas
stock. There are above 40 other aatietfeS
of rules, ^rc, sor the conducting this Scheaaae
and it has been inspected alaer'd, an.l appeaaved
S,y the Archbishop of Canterbury, to
whom it is dedicated.
^ta. Tne protical and : A 2d ll'elcb preachment.
Cad.
A comparison for the unmarried women.
as.
The Lac. -pool memorandum-book for
r^ as. Hiteo. — S t appears that the
vefSeelt that go from Liverpod to Ass-ica are
ltSi in ataamber, winch trade for Negtoes
yearfy. They emploty roc^ veilelsin
the a^iraerican trade, aSS that take freight to
different parts of Europe, and r aa that use
the last and a oasting trade. They have atlas
^o ila ops from 4o to yo tons empS cased
in the Suit rsade.
^^i. A collection of white and black lasts:
Or a view of those g-ntlemen who have voted
for anal againSf the present const. as. ^usen.
40. Yar aous esSays. By Sylin'anea Sa'a. 2S.
t^d. ^wen
41. A letter from Henay tVadaoard, comedian,
to D Hals ^d. Cctrper.
4i- A 1 etter from Saiii-pon belerai-.ss. the
merry cobler, to betray Woodward. ^d.
4^- A panicul ai account of the Emperor
of China's gardens near Paktn. Fta.m thebreocb.
Copper.
The inspector's rhapsody. or Sollilaqery
on the foSa of has wag. t^d Cooper,
Le petal ^lmaialt.' ale poche. od BeaSler.

a^ 1 enrioirs plan of ^oestantirpSe. By
E C E M B E R )
Jahe^se rea. ^s.
vinu-traumprhant, Cac. in the humouraaaas
history of' Dickey Gotham and Doe'l Clod. eSs.
Cc. per.
^ft. The ade-enearer No. S^Yi.pr. ad. Iingse.
To be e a.ntaaaued on Te^elays artaS Satura'ays.
ae^. An eSf.y ora the rationality erfS-rutes.
With a philosophical ooea-p riSon between Dr.
CeingSl. ingetfor genera! of Tcawn tingd. and
Man^o, the geear monkey, director general ef
tSae animal performers in the Hay-market. nd.
lingual.
po. Tbe Scourge, No. XV. price ad. By
Oxy.net Baring, Erq ; to be continued onTues^
days, Thursdays, a net Saturdays. Beuoi.ei.
S^ re sa o rs s.
^i. A charge to rhe clergy of the Archdea.
conry of Cl.a eSaar.-d. By Fremets Blacbur.-r , M. A,
tad. " Knapton
^a. The christian Ssbbath as old as tho
ereetiesn. A Sermon preaeh'd at St Paul's.
By Sa. Parry, A. M. as. Ling^ r.
t;. b .efee.ee e.f the Sacred history, in an.
fwer to Ld. Bct.rgbrcrke. By .Abraham Besa.oene.
nd. Aingfe.
^ ^ i ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ i ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^
^ d MONTHLY GFlRGNCSLGGE^r
, Etq ; palled Patent to hold a Monday
Market, and two Fairs yearly, on ao
April and a^a S^ec. at Stranocrrm On. Antrim.
A Yearly Bill nf Meartality for the City aand
S^Ssuabs of Dublin; ending the ainga oS' December.
r^;a.
Males buried this Year —
Females — e^ao
Total—-—
Males baptized — — Sr4
Females — — ^r^
Total — 17^
, o Aboye Sixteen • ^^y
^ing Under faxteen — — ^41
Total — i^44
Decreased in Burials — r^
Decreased in Christenings — a a
MAearAoes.
Doc. Rich. Meaedyah the yoatnger ofthe
Co. oft^erry, Etq; to France. oily Daughter
eaf Geerrge Green e,f Old Abbey. Co. Limerick,
ESq;—(ing lames Carson, Efq; CommiSSSery
ofthe Army, to Mifs Bere of Fisher's Lane.—
(rr.) FSrsn. Reabere ^oeelyn, Efq, to MiSsHamSSron.
Daughter oS the Right Hoao. the Lord
YiSeount Limerick.—(i4) Andrew Ram, ESq;
to Mars. Second Daughter of )oho Dingy of
Landanitown, Go. Kildare. ESq;—Edtcard
NSarrrolel Tounfend, Sou of Samuel TorruS'end
erf Co. Cork, ESq; to the SiSSer of Thomas
Beecher. ESq;— (ar.) lohn O Conner of
Mount Pieplant in tbe Kings County, ESq ;
to the Daughter of Richard Malone, ESq; has
Majesty's third Serjeant at La w. - .Lt. Col.
William tSaviland to MiSS Salisbury ASton of
Droglreda,
DsA^rnS.
Dec. a. Edw. Sneer of Rathfarnham, ESq;
in aa very advanced Age.— At KinSale, Capt.
Oliver Artharr of General Ot way's Regimeeat
of root.—Hugh Wilton of Rakin, Co.
W'estmeatb, ESq;— Mrs. Spencer. Wife
tes SSoe Se Spencer of Rarbaagan. Co. Kildare,
^-sq .—Crept. lohn Wesser, Several Years Commailer
eaf he Majesty's Dublin ^Satch. which
he had lately reftgnedto Iris Son.— (r^.) Mry.
Mary-Mage lalen Wilt cinson, ^Wise to lamer
WiSkinSorr oSCorballies, Co. Dublin, F.Sq;—
(ar.) Rev. Herrry Reyaaell. Incumbent of Ballymony,
Co. Antrim, Prebendary in the Cathedral
of Connor, and Brother to the late Dr.
Carew Reynel, Bishop of Derry.— ( a^ ) ofan
Bernard lleffShSeter. Erq t an eminent MereSaant.
aud Sheriffs Peer of the City of Dublin.—Ar
taalway, Char las Whitesooad, Efq;
Col. of a Reg. ot'Fooe en this Establishment.
—Rev. Samuel Henry, aged SSs, Rectear of
GaulSkill in the Diocete of OSsory.
Prtoirtcar aoae s.
Deo. a, Rev. Lambert llarghes. D. D. preferred
to the vicarage of Kill, and Rectory eof
Lyons, Co. Kildare.— Marthew ^ones. Efq;
appointed Collector of YoughaII, and Philip
PaterSOn, Efq, Colleestor of Ennis.—Rev, Arthur
Malaon eollated to tha Rectory of Ballynacraaey,
and Sucoeededin the Prebend oSSiowtu
by the Rev, Archdeacem ^oSerca WalL—Mr.
Simons blercer, appasinte.S Deputy Alnager of
Ireland (except sor the City and Co. Dublin^
— Rev. Gcerge Evans presented to the Rectories
cf Lynn, MoyliScarr and Caring in the
Diocese of Meath, ( a^a. ) His Majesty hath
beear pleated to make the fallowing Promotions
in the Aamy e aa this Establishment.
In tbe ing. of Hast com. by Ming Gen. Tbs.
Blgh.) )ohn ^enkanSon, Gent. Corn. in tho
room ofCbar.es BeaucSerk, ESq ; pref
In the ^eg. of Dragoons, com. by th Se't. Hon.
Lord Vase AdOlesurcrth.^ Robert btoScfworrh,
Gent. Lieut. in the reom of Robert Copinger,
ESq ; aud Edward Vernon Gent. Corn. in tho
room eefRobert bSolefworrh, pref.
In the ^eg. of boot. conr. by Laeut, Gen. St.
Alex. Hay, ESq; Capt. Lieut. in the
room of lames CraranSra^ham, pref— lohtrForbes.
Gent. Lieut. irr the room of Alex. Hay,
pref. and Robert ingoing, Gen.t. EnSr. in tho
room as )obn Buclrannon. pref.
In the ing. ofb'crat com . by Charles lP'hiteToaard,
Ese lohn Irwin, ESq, Lierrt. Col. in tire
Soe.m os Chs. Whitefeard, Efq ; arid ing Morw-

s i o n . ESqt M a j . an r. e f J n . I r w i n . ESq; pref.
tn the lCg. officers, eaean. by John a^slyn.
Bfe Geo. aired, G e n t . Teerar. iar the roo.-aa o f
Reager Kynalfon. Gent. dec. eared closes C o r -
her. Gene. Adjerr. in r o o m o f laid R. Kynaston.
la theltag. offset, com. by ^ d w . ^ e ,
G e o . MaddiStn, Gout. Lieut. in the r o o m of
Rerb. Cealt P a r r y . aleo. and ^eahn S^oSlingwoath,
G e n t . S^nfi. in aoe.mof G e o . Maderiaon, pref,
lea the of bint. com. by John t celoot, Bsep^
Biare^ ArmtSrong, SaSq ; Lieut. Col, in roeam or
T h o . Du.rbar. E.leq ; pre-f.l'eterl'arr, Eiep, Maj.
in r o o m of Bageae Armstrong. Efq ; preserr'd.
R o b . Sterling. t ^ q ; Capt. in r o o m o f Poier
C^nr, Eso; pref. tth^. s p e a u e s e r k , E f q ; Capt.
in ioeaew erf Willi Oarfteoi, Eaq ; dec. Reahert
Waliti, b.S'q ; capt, lieut. in r o o m o f R o b . Sterl
n g , E f ^ , pre'. Rob. Batt, Gent. 'sent. in r. o f
Rerh.Waiiii.SaSq; prefS and 'Tho. E v a n s , G ,
en:e. au r. of'Rcb. Batt, gerrt. preS".
Mt^GA^l^F tof MAGA21N1a to-
In the l?eg. ofBoot com. ty Brig. Gen. ^ i c ^ r d
S^arrelLJ Alex. Jameson. gent. lieut. in r. of
Jaa. G r a . d o n , dee. lion. Conyragham, g-erc. era-
Sigra in r o f Alex. JameSaan.
In tbe ^eg. of Foot- com. by the ^ g h t Hoar. 'I.
E a r l of Home. J Will. CashelS,geet. erafi. an r. of
R o b e r t .aeehratme. dec.
Inthe ^eg. ofboot, com. by Tho. -Murray, tt^- ^
Cha. O a e n . E q; a-Sa . in r. of T h o m a s ASSae
Lee, dec. M a t t West. ESq p oapt. iar the r. of
t.ba, aywen,prrs. ChioheSter W r e y . E S q , c.pt.
lieut, in r, of M a l t . WeSt, pref. T h o , Spcncer,
gent, lient. in r. o f Chi. 11' rev, pref. E d w a r d
CroS'tcau, gent. eaaS.an r. of s t r o m a s Speacer,
pre'. S-ferrry E g letoaa C o n n o r , gent. enSa. in rise
r. o f ) a h n A laenfon, pref.
In tbe ^eg, of boot, eo.se . hy Tho, Dunbar. pf^
W^aterhocue Crimble, gent. ireut- eu r o o m or
Rich. Lle.yde, faagera. Will. Pari etas, gent.
lieut. in r. of HugSa Grant, dec.
A List oS C0MMSSS10NS Signed by his MAJEstY.
Comre'sinii. ^ e e r s Names. In the t?oom of Regiments.
burgeon Robert aisearerer sadward JohnSton Ld G. Saokvitle'5
Captain Robert Napier Walteam Stuart to WhiteloordS
Lieutenant lohu Moore Revert Napier ditto
Caarhet James Beers John Moore ditto
Major Charier Lord Moore Thomas Burton ditto
Captain Pocetoarby Moote Charles Lord Moore ditto
L^eaatinarrt ^WalSiam ^sbaeo PonSianby 0 loose — ^SoieS'worthS
Corner Rioh. Werife, fr. lumber's Willi am Sbaen ditto
Captain ^hn Congeeve Caarlcot John DaraSluo Marilyn's
C^ptsin Lieut. ^ames Edger sinn Congretve Chi scot ditto
Lieelteaaant paho Cndfragham James Edgar ditto
En Sign jamesSlaetiy Abraham Spence Waldegraye's
Chaplain pahn Loid Peter Platetl di to
Captan ftctrrr . Blacicerby fr. h. pey Godwyn blorton Pole's
Captain Charles Erskiee Richard Harris AnStruthea's
OaptSin-Lieut. Sir Kenneth Mackenzie Charles Erskine ditto
1 .leraeeraanr Richard Hool.e bar Kenneth Mackenzie ditto
Psafrgea J. ho RerSivow Richard HaPoke ditto
Lieutenant-Col. sVirliam lSaviland Riohard Talbot USakeney's
M.sin 'l ' - Alexander Darning William SSavrland ditto
Ceprain John WrSgbeScan Sr. h. pay Alexander Darning ditto
Eeingn Uriah Sealy Rioherd Ward Bragg's
skrafaaii William Ormshy Mervyn EccseS ditto
Seregeae^ Giles YandoSktlr Hear. Cunningham ditto
Cspou'at Maurice' Carr Thomas Rankin Batcawen'a
OnapST, paS'eph Ceinger polrn Spacer ditto
1-ierit. ck Capt. Ttromrls Rankin Maniice Cart Bottle Ax guards
Lieurenant Gilbert Doamealau Meerdecaa Abbast AdSercrou's
F.nfi^n John Power Gilhere Doran-lRn detao
Captain je ho McNeil Doiigal Stea art Ld. ^n. Murray's
Captain Lieart. Atlan Campbell ^eehu a^cNeilf ditto
Lieutenant Jrrhn Mutriiy fr. half-pay Allan Campbell ditto
Ca ptain Lieaat. Richard G e t h i n " ^Vailiam C a o y a a s i n m Halkert's
1 aeeaterearat JameS iialkett trcma h. pay R i o h a r d Gethiia ditto
Lieuteaiant Ja.lan Alfarp, ditto T h o m a s D c ^ a a Dunbar's
Erffa^n ^ ^ S^rereton, ditto J a m e s al4cDcsriald d i t t o
Edft^n Jcahn Frenoh Rich. Woife, pref. in M o l r s w o r t h s ditto
C h a p l a i n T h o m . s Squire H e n r y TiSson . . -- • ^ ^
T l waa.tnajoref Jalich el .vterr'.ff ^ A r t h u r Brcowa
G a l a ay c f r o m half-pay ^