november-1755.pdf

.se^f N O V E M B E R , ^
(^tv^tions concerning the Incre^le of M^nl^intI, ^eo^lin^ of
Countries, B. ftar^/jtt, Eft^ of .P^t^el^ta.u
TABLES of the proportion of occupied by Indians, who subsist
I marriages to births, of deaths mostly by h ranting. But as the hunr^
hirrhs, and of marriages to the ter, of all men, requires the greatest
tiumbera of inhabitants, formed on quantity of land for his SubSiStence.
reservations made upon the bills of the Europeans found America as
totality and christenings, of popu- fully settled as it well could be by
i^ts cities, will' not suit countries ; hunters ; yet these having large
• farmed on observations made on Sull tracks, were easily prevailed on to
Settled old countries, as Europe, part with Some -to the new comers.
Siiitnew countries, as America. Land in AinCrica being so cheap,
2. For people increase in propor- as that a labouring husbandman cart
tton to the number of marriages, in a Short time save money enough
and that is greater in proportion to to purchase a plantation, Such are
t^eaSe and convenience of support-- not afraid to marry.
it^ a family. When families can 7. Hence marriages in i America
^ easily supported, more persons are more general, and more gener-
^rry, and earlier in life. ally early, than in Europe. And if
3. In cities, where all trades, oc- it is reckoned there, that there in
cupaticrra^ and offices are fulls many buc one marriage . per Ann. among
delay marrying, till they can fee loo persons, perhaps we may here
to hear the charges of a family;^ reckon two ; and if in Europe they
^rich charges are greater in cities, have bur fostr 'births to a marriage. .
^ luxury is more common t Many (many of their marriages being late^
lite finale during life, and continue we may here reckon eight, of which
Servants, hence cities do not by na- one half grown up, and if our marfliral
generation supply themselves riages are made, reckoning one with
^tsh inhabitants ; the deaths are another at 2o years of age, our
^orc than the births. people must at least be doubled e-
4 In countries full fettled, the very 2o years.'
^ mast he nearly the same; all 8. But notwithstanding this increase,
hilds being occupied and improved fo vast is the territory of Northts
rae heighth, thofe who cannot America, that it will require many
^ land, must labour for others ; ages to fettle it fully ; and till it la
^ea labourers are plenty, their fully fettled labour will- never bo
will he low; by low wages cheap, where no man continues long
i family is supported with difficulty ; a labourer tor 'others; and thu^
dilhaulry deters many from mar- labour is no cheaper now, in Fenfyl-
^e.^Only as the cities take sup- vania, than it was 3o years ago.
of people from the country, ^ The danger therefore of these
^ thereby make a little more colonies interfering with their mother
t^tn in the country, marriage is country in rrades that depend on
.little- more encouraged there, and labour and manufactures, is too re-
^ hirths exceed. the deaths. mote to require the attention of
laurope is generally full Settled Great-Britain.
-sh htcShandmen and manufacturers, io. But in proportion to the in-
^tl therefore cannot now much in- crease of the colonies, a vast det
tsSe in people. America is chiefly mand is growing for British msnufac-
^ Nor will Tables. tures,
, ^L, K, Co

^ ^ M A ^ A ^ I ^
tures, a glorious market wholly in engross as many offices, and exact
the power of Britain, in which so- as much tribute or profit on the lareigners
cannot interfere, which will hour of the conquered, as Will
increase in a short time even heyond maintain them in their new establishher
power of supplying, though her ment, and this diminishing the Subwhole
trade should he to her colo- sistence of the natives discourages
nies : Therefore Britain should not their marriages, and so gradually ditoo
much restrain manufactures in minishes them, while the foreigners
her colonies. increase. 2. Loss of territory. Thus
it. Besides if the manufactures of the Britons heing driven into Wales,
Britain should, by the American dc- and crowded together in a barren
mande, rise too high in price, fo- country insufficient to [support
reigners who can Sell cheaper will such great numbers, diminished till
drive her merchants out of foreign the people here a proportion to the
markets ; foreign manufactures will produce, while the Saxons increased
be encouraged and increased, and on their abandoned lands, till the
foreign nations grow more populous island became full of English. 3.
and powerful ; while her own co- Loss of trade. Manufactures export^
lonies, kept too low, are tmable to ed, draw Subsistence from foreign
add to her strength. countries for numbers, who are
12. 'Tia an ill-grounded opinion thereby enabled to marry and raise
that by the lahour of slaves, Ame- families. If the nation he deprived
rica may possibly vie in cheapness of any beancb of trade, and no new
of. manufactures with Britain. The employment is found for the people
lahour of slaves can never be so occupied in that branch, it will sicheap
here as the lahour of work- so be soon deprived of so many prolog
men is in Britain. Interest of pie. 4. Loss of Food. Suppose a
money is in the colonies from 6 to nation has a fishery, which not only
i o per Cent, Slaves one with ano- employs great numbers, but makes
ther cost 3o I. sterling per head. the food and subsistence of the poor
Reckon then the interest of the first cheaper : If another nation becomes
purchase of a slave, the insurance or master of the seas, and presents
risque on his life, his cloathing and the fishery, the people will diminish
diet, expences in his sickness and in proportion as the losa of employ
loss of time, lofs by his neglect of and dearnefs of provision, makes it
business, expence of a driver to keep more difficult to subsist a family.
him at work, and lofs by his pil- 5. Bad government and insecure proserin
g, and compare the whole perty. People not only leave such
amount with the wages of a manu- a country, and settling abroad infacturer
of iron or wool in England, corporate with other nations, Jofe
you will see that lahour is much their native language, and become
cheaper there than it ever can he foreigners ; but the industry of thole
by Negroes here. Why then will that remain heing discouraged, the
Americans purchase slaves ? Because quantity of Subsistence in the coua-
Slaves may he kept as long as a man try is leffen'd, and the support of 2
pleases, while hited men are conti- family beromes more difficult. sio
nually leaving their masters to set up heavy taxes tend to diminish a protor
themselves. ^ 8. pie. 6. The introduction of Slaves.
13. As the increase of people de- The Negroes brought into the Fapends
on the encouragement of mar- glish sugar islands, have greatly dlriages,
the following things must di- minished the whitea there ; the poor
minish a nation, viz. 1. The heing are by this means deprived os emconquered
; fur the conquerors will ployment, while a few families sc-

quire vast estates. The whites who
have slaves, not lahouring, are enfeebled,
and therefore not so prolific;
the slaves heing work'd too
hard, and ill fed, their constitutions
are broken, 'and the deaths among
them are more than the births ; so
that a continual supply is needed
from Africa. The northern colonies
having few slaves increase in whites.
15. Hence the prince that acquires
new territory, if he finds it vacant,
or removes the natives to give his
own people room ; the legislator that
makes effectual laws for promoting
trade, increasing employment, improveing
land by more or better tillage
; providing more food by fisheries,
securing property, &c. and the
man that invents new trades, arts
or manufactures, or new improvements
in hushandry, may he properly
called Fathers of their nation, as
they are the cause of the generation
oS multitudes, by the encouragement
they afford to marriage.
i 5. Privileges granted to the married,
may hasten the filling of a
country that has bern thinned by
war or pestilence, but cannot increase
a people heyond the means provided
for their subsistence.
i 6. Foreign luxuries and needless
manufactures imported and used in
a nation, do, by tbe fame reasoning
iacreaSe the people of the nation
that uses them.^—Laws therefore
that prevent Such importations, and
on the contrary promote the exportation
oS manufactures to be consumed
in foreign countries, may be
called generative laws, as by increasing
subsistence they encourage marriage.
17. Some European nations prudently
refuse to consume the manufactures
of East-India t—They should
likewise forbid them to their colonies ;
for the gain to the merchant is not
to he comparld with the lofs, by
this means, oS people to tbe nation.
, 18. Home luxury in the Great,
Ureases the nations manusact^reia
N O ^ E M ^ ^ R, 3 ^
employ 'd by it, who are many, and
only tends to diminish the families
that indulge in it, who are sew.
The greater the common fashionable
cXpenCe of any rank of people,
the more cautious they are of marriage.
Therefore luxury should never
be suffered to become common.
i 3. The great increase of offspring
in particular families, is not always
owing to greater fecundity of nature,
but sometimes to examples of industry
in the heads, and industrious
education ; by which the children
are enabled to provide better for
themselves, and their marrying early
is encouraged from the profpect of
good subsistence.
29. If there be a sect therefore.
in our nation, that regards frugality
and industry as religious duties, and
educates their children therein, more
than others commonly do ; fuch sect
must encrease more than any other.
21. The importation of foreigners
into a country that has as many
inhabitants as the present employments
and provisions will hear ; will
be in the end no encreafe oS people;
unless the new comers have
more industry and frugality than the
natives, and Chen they will provide
more Subsistence, and increase in tbe
councry ; buc they will gradually eat
the natives out. Nor is it neceS-
Sary co bring in Soreigners to fill
up any occasional vacancy in a councry
; for Such vacancy (if the laws
are good, ^ 14, 16) will soon be
filled by natural generation. Who
can now find the vacancy made in
Sweden by the plague of heroism
4o years ago ; in France by the
expulsion of the protestants ; in England
by the settlement of her colonies
; or in Guinea by 100 years
exportation of slaves, that has black -
en'd half America ?
22. There is in short, no bound
to the prolifick nature of plants or
animals, but what is made by their
crowding and interfering with each
Others

^ ^ ^ M A G A 2 f N ^ of 'M A G A ^ 1 E ^
Other's means of subsistence. Was the ing together establish their language
face of the earth vacent of other and manners, to the exclusion of
plants, it might be gradually sowed ours:
and over-Spread ^ with one kind only ;
as, for instance, with fennel; and The W O R D, No. t 4^.
were it empty of other inhabitants, it
might in a .few ages be replenished ^^IVlLlTYand GooD-^REEDi^to
from one nation only ; as, for instance, are generally thought and often
with Englishman. Thus there are sup- used as Synonimous terms, but are by
pofed to be now upwards of one milli- no means so.
on English fouls in North-America, Good-breeding necessarily implies
' ^though it is thought Scarce eighty Civility, but civility does not rectthoufand
have been brought over Sea) procally imply good-breeding. The
and yet, perhaps,' there is no: one the former has its inttisic weight and
fe'aver in Britain, but rather many value, which the latter always amore,
on account of the employment dorns, and often doubles by its workche
colonies afford to manufacturers at manship.
bome.—^ This million doubling, sup- To Sacrifice one's own Self-love to
pole but oiice in twenty five years, other people's, is a Short, but I believe
will in another century he more than a true definition of civility ; to do it
the people of England, and the great- with ease, propriety, and grace, is
est number of Englishmen will be on good-breeding. The one is the result
this side the water. We have been " of good nature, and the other of good
Iaere but little more than one hundred sense, joined to experience, obfervatiyears,
and yet the force of our pri- on, and attention.
•Vateers in the late war was greater, A ploughman will be civil if he is
both in men and guns, than that good-natured, but cannot be wellof
the whole British navy in queen bred. A courtier will be well-bred,
Elisabeth's tiin^. How important though prerhaps without good-nature,
an affair then to Britain is the pre- if he has but good sense.
sent treaty for fettling the bounds Flattery is the disgrace of gondhetween
her colonies and the French, breeding, as brutality often is of truth
and how careful should she be to Se- and sincerity. Good-breeding is the
crurc room enough, since on the room middle point between those two odious
depends So much the encreaSe of her extremes.
people ? Ceremony is the Superstition of
25. A nation well regulated is good-breeding, as well as of telilike
a polypus ; cut it in two, and each gion ; but yet, being an outwork
deficient part shall Speedily grow out to both, should not be absolutely
of the part remaining. ' Thus if you demolished. It is always, to a cerhave
room and subsistence enough, tain degree, to be complied with
as you may by dividing, make ten though despised by those who think,
polypulseS out of one, you may of one because admired and refpected by thofe
make ten nations, equally populous who do not,
and powerful. The most perfect degree of goed-
And since detachments of Fan- breeding, as l have already hinted, is
glish from Britain sent to America, only to be acquired by great knowss
ill have their places at home so ledge of the world, and keeping the
f on supplied, and increase so large- best company. It is not the object
ly here; why should the Pala- of mere' Speculation, and cannot be
tine. Boors ."be Suffered to Swarm exactly defined, as it consists in a
itato our settlements, and by herd- fitness, a propriety of words, actions,

N O V E M ^ ^ R,
^nd even looks, adapted to the infinite
variety and combinations of
persons, places, and things, It is a
mode, not a Substance ; for what is
good-breeding at St. James's would
paSs Sor foppery or banter in a remote
village; and the home-Spun civility of
that village would be consider 'd as brutality
ac court.
A cloystered pedant may form true
nations of civility, but if amidst the
cubyyebs of his cell he pretends to Spin
a Speculative lystem of good-breeding,
he will not he lcfs abstird than his predecessor,
who judiciousiy undertook
t^ instruct Hannibal in the art of war.
^fhe most ridiculous and most aukward
oStnen are, therefore, the Speculatively
svell-bred monks of all religion sand
all professions.
Cood breeding, like charity, not
only covers a multitude of faults, but,
to a certain degree, Supplies the want
^ Some virtues. In the common intercourse
of life, it acts goodnature,
and often does what good-nature
nill not always do ; it keeps both
nits and fools within those bounds of
decency, which the former are too apt
to sranfgrefs, and which ^the latter
neyer know.
Courts are unquestionably the feats
^ good-breeding, and must necesfari-
1) he fo. otherwise they would he the
Sears of violence and desolation. There
^ the passions ate in their highest
te of fermentation. All pursue
^hat hut few can obtain, and many
--1: what but one can enjov. Goodceding
alone restrains their excesses.
. here, if enemies did not embrace,
Ilay would stab. There, fmiles are
^ten pu^ ^n to conceal tears. There.
mutual Services are professed, while
•mutual injuries are intended ; and
the ^ ^ of the serpent striates
the gentleness of the dove:
^fc ^ ^ true, at the expence
a ferity • but, upon the whole, to
^^antag^of social intercourse in
. ^ ^uld not he misapprehended,
supposed to recommend good-
. e ^
breeding, thus profaned and prostituted
to the purposes of guilt and
perfidy ; but l think l may justly
infer from it, to what a degree
the accomplishment of good-breeding
must adorn and insorce virtue
and truth, when it can thus Soften
the outrages and deformity of vice and
falsehood.
I am sorry to be obliged to confefs,
that my native country is not perhaps
the seat of the most perfect good-breeding,
though I really believe it yields to
none in hearty and sincere civiliry, for
as civility is (and to a certain degreeit is)
an inferior moral duty of doing as one
would be done by. If Franceexceeds
us in that particular, the incomparable
author of L'Efprit des Loix accounts
for it very impartially, and I
believe very truely. If my countrymen,
fays he, are the best bred people
in the world, it is only because they
are the vainest. It is certain that their
good-breeding and attentions, by stattering
the vanity and Self-love of others,
repay their own with interest,
It is a general commerce, ufefully
carried on by barter of attentions, and
often without one grain of solid merit,
by way of medium, to make up the
balance.
It were to be wished that goodbreeding
were in general thought a
more essential part of the education
of our youth, especially of distinction,
than at present it Seems to be.
It might even be substituted in the
room of some academical studies, that
take up a great deal of time, to very
little purpofe ; or at least, it might
uSesully share Some of those many
hours, that are So frequently employed
upon a coach-box, or in stables.
Surely thofe who by their rank
and fortune are called to adorn courts,
ought at least not to difgrace them by
their manners.
But I observe with concern, that
it is the fashion for our youth of
both sexes to brand good-breeding
with the name of ceremony and
formality. A.; such, they ridicule
and

M A G A 2 1 1
and explode it, and adopt in its
stead, • an offensive carelessness and
inattention, to the diminution, l will
venture to fay, even of their own
Pleaiirres, if they know what true pleasures
are.
Love and friendship necessarily produce,
and justly authorize familiarity ;
but then good-hreeding must mark
out its hounds, and fay, thus far
shalt thou go, and no farther ; for
I have known many a passion and maay
a friendship, degraded, weakened,
and at last (if I may use the expression)
wholly slatterned away by an unguarded
and illiberal familiarity. Nor
is good-breeding less the ornament
and cement of' common social life ;
it connects, it endears, and at che
fame time that it indulges the just
liberty, restrains chat indecent licentiouShefs
of conversation, which altenates
and provokes. Great talents
make a man famous, great merit
makes him respected, and great learning
makes him esteemed ; but goodbreeding
alone can make him beloved.
I recommend it in a more particular
manner to my country-women,
as the greatest ornament to such of
them as have beaury, and the Safest
refuge for those who have not, It
facilitates the victories, decorates the
triumphs, and secures the conquests
of beauty , or in some degree atones
for the want of it, It almost deifies a
fine woman, and procures reSpect at
least to those who have not charms enou^h
to be admired.
Upon the whole, though goodbreeding
cannot, strictly fpeaking,
be called a virtue, yet it is productive
of so many good effects,
tat in my opinion, it may justly be
reckoned more than a mere accomplishment.
Souse Account of a very curious Experiment,
repeated several Times in ihe
Presence of the King of Sardinia, and
many of the first duality at Turin,
for trying the force of Gecnpsw.lcr, and
E nfMAG.A21NE^
the ^uantiey of Air contained therein.
By Sig. Mallei, Merhaaste de Royde
Sardiagne. Communicated to Mr. H
Baker, F. R. S. by Dr. Jofeph Bruni,
Pressssia of Anatomy at Turin.
^ I ^ HIS ingenious artist, in the
course of bis experiments on
gunpowder, has contrived a machine,
wherein he gives fire to gunpowder,
without any communication with the
external air. His machine consists of
a hollow cylinder of brafs, the diameter
of whose cavity is seventeen French
lines, and the thicknefs oS its sides five
and a half Such lines. When both extremities
are cloSed the length of the
cavity is eleven inches, and it can contain
ten ounces oS gunpowder. But
one ounce of gunpowder only is put
into the cylinder when the experiment
is made, and that being fired,
no exhalation appears on the outside,
nor is any noise heard, or flame or
Smoke Seen, tho'the cylinder becomes
very hot. At one end of this cylinder
there is screwed a pneumatic gun,
whose chamber will hold one fifth of
what the cylinder does, and it is furnished
with a stop-cock, to be used
occasionally. When the whole is
grown cOld, the pneumatic gun
charged with a bullet of such a Si2e that
ten weigh one ounce. Seventeen or
eighteen of these may he discharged
Successively ; and though the i 7 in or
i 8th shot is less strong than the foregoing,
it will pimce a board halt
an inch thick at the distance of 3o
feet. When all is over, there remains
as much air as will fill a lat'^
hog's bladder. This is called air.
as it has the properties of the sit
we breathe, but its Smell is exceeding
ly disagreeable.
The burnt gunpowder left in the cylinder,
on being weighed, has been
found to he three quarters of an
ounce , whence it appears, that
the air contained in the grains of gunpowder,
which by being dilated produced
these effects, is in weight one
quarter of an ounce. ^

N O V E M ^ E R, 1 ^ .
The gunpowder was fired by apply- was associated were fo destitute of all
ing a red-hoc iron to a prepared thread,
pasting through a couch-hole, at the
end of the cylinder, opposite to the
pneumatic gun, which, at the instant
it fired the gunpowder, discharged a
Spring that intirely clofed the couchhule.
H. BAltER.
Lse of Mrs. CitARLOTtE C11ARRE.
Continued front p- 3o7.
'ff^ER distress however, was fome-
I I times fo pressing, that she ventured
out in the dusk of the evening
in Search of adventures. Flays were
then frequently acted at the Tenniscourt,
whither she ufed to repair
nith trembling limbs and an aching
heart, to fee whether any character
mirht be wanting by the accidental
absence or indisposition of Some stated
murderer of dramatic poetry, whose
place she might Supply, and Surely no
State, even of dependance and uncertainty,
could he more deplorable than
this dependance upon wretches who
^ere not only poor, but yet more defpicahle
than poverty could make chem ;
and an uncertainty with refpect to a
Supply, which when received was
Scarce Sufficient to buy bread till another
Savourable contingency should
happen. In this state of dereliction
and poverty she was easily persuaded to
enter the strolling company of one
^ackey Adams, a man famous for
dancing the jockey dance to the tune
of Horse to Newmarket, who was
tltea exhibiting at a village about sous
titles from London. At this time she
^ent by the name of Mr. Brown, and
Reared genteely dressed, a circum-
^anae which brought her into a difficulty
of a very extraordinary kind. A
noting laily of great fortune hecame
much enamoured of her, that
^ ventured to make the first adores
by letter, and at length e-
^n made it necessary for the Supposed
"ll- Brown to confess who he really
But the wretches with whom she
principles of honour, or regard to the
laws either of Gnd or man, that they
urged her to conclude the match, and
planned a scheme to substitute one
of their number to supply the bridegroom's
place, as a means to make a
prize of the lady's fortune, whom
they said her husband might defert if
he pleafed, after the marriage was com-
Pleated, without becoming subject to
anv punishment,
This proposal, she fays, she refused
with the indignation it deserved, but
she still continued among the wretches
that made it, and foon after removed
with them to a place about fix miles
farther from London. Here she happened
to take a lodging in the bailiff's
house, and heing in debt to many people,
she was greatly terrified lest she
should he seen by some of her creditors
from London, and he should be
employed to detain her. To escape
this danger she persuaded Jockey Adams,
that the baliff had really a writ
against him. This stratagem perfectly
succeeded, for Jockey, who was himself
irrecoverably in debt, took the
alarm, and decamped with his whole
compeny by night. After wandering
about from place to place with these
itinerants for some time, their business
failed, and she once more returned to
London, and with a single shilling in
her pocket, took a lodging near
Turnstile in Holbourne. Here she
was foon found by the manager of
another strolling company, and in
consequence of an agreement with
him Set out Sor Dartford at three
o'clock in the aSternoon, on foot
and in a dreadsul shower of rain. Notwithstanding
the rain continued extremely
heavy, she went on and arrived
at the end of her journey about
eight o'clock. As the company waited
for her, the fatigue she had suffered
would not excuse her from
acting that night, and, considering
her disadvantages, she went through
her part very well ; but heing ubliged
to act in Some of her wer
cloathe

^ M A G A 2 1 N E S o f M A G A 2 l N E ^
cloaths, particularly her shoes, which proceeded to Harwich, where they
were very thin, she was the next had the fame gond fortune for three
morning so hoarse, that the merciless weeks more, but it happened that the
wretch, into whose service she had en- proprietor's husband was at that time
tered, abruptly dismissed her with half under sentence of transportation in
a crown, with which she once more Newgate, and she being obliged to he
returned to London. As this hoarfe- much with him, the company broke
nefs continued a considerable time, and up, and Charke came again to Lotineceffarily
kept her out of employ- don During all this time she went
ment, she had no expedient to avoid constantly in men's cloaths.
perishing with hunger but to pawn One evening being in great distreSs,
her own and her child's cloaths, and having exhausted the hounty of
which she carried out piece af- her female friends in Covent Garden,
ter piece, till both were almost nak- she paid a visit to her brother, who
ed. pot half a crown into her hand, and
As soon as she recovered her voice prefs'd her to dine with him the next
she renewed her nocturnal expeditions, day at a friend's boufe. She accepted
in Search of business, and was retained his invitation, and this visit produced
among a strolling company that exhi- another very extraordinarv change in
bited their performances in Gravel- her fortune. It happened at this time
lane. Here she met with a woman, that lad. AngleSea was just come from
who told her she had Scenes and cloaths Ireland with a woman of pleasure,
in pawn for two guineas, and that if whom he kept in his house, and wantshe
could contrive to redeem them ed a gentleman that had bern well
she would make her manager of her bred, and could Speak French. Upcompany
; to he a manager of such a on this occasion, the friend of her
company was to a person in Charke's brother, with whom she dined, took
circumstances so desireable that she an opportunity to recommend her to
Spent the whole night in projecting his lordship in that capacity, telling
Schemes to raise the 40s. upon which him at the Same time who she was,
her advancement depended ; after ha- and upon this recommendation his
ving racked her brain many hours to lordship received her. From living
no purpose, she at last recollected one in a garret upon the Scanty and precafriend,
whom she thought upon such rious hounty of those who were theman
occasion would advance her the selves indigent, and did not defers to
money ; however she did not apply be wealthy, or upon the gleanings of
even to this friend, without the a strolling company, amongwhomsae
practice of that fraud, which to waited for CaSual employment, S^e
thole who suffer perpetual distrefs now Saw herself the superior domestic
and contumely among the refute of in a nobleman's family, had a Separate
mankind generally beromea habitual. table for herfelf, with a bottle of wine,
She wrote a letter as from a sponging and any single dish she chose, besides
house, and sent it by one of the what came from her lord's table. and
company of which She was to he a ma- a guinea every Wednefday morniag
nager, who looked much like a bailiff's She was hesides admitted to dine
soil ower; her Snend moved at her sup- with his lordship and his linStrefs
poSed distreSs sent the money, the stock when there was no other company ;
in trade was redeemed, and the next and when there was, the lady Somemorning
the whole party Set out Sor times came to her.
Gravesend. This was a lucid interval, but 2-
At GraveSend they Succeeded So well las ! it was very short ; Sor bemy known
Sot ahout a month, that her share came to Some gentlemen who visited his
o about a guinea a week ; they then lordship, they represented her character

f^Y N O '- E M
in fuah a light, and said fo much of
the incongruity of his retaining a
woman in the character of his gentleman,
that after about five weeks,
he abruptly diffmiffed her with a
Small prefent, and she was once more
thrown back upon the world, and
plunged in her former distress, with
all the aggravation of disappointed
hope and regretted plenty.
When the little gratuity she had
received from Ld. Anglesea was exhausted,
her distress became fo great,
that she was more than once tempted
to put an end to her life ; bet friends
lvere all wearied with her solicitations;
She endeavoured in vain to get employment
as an actor, and without
money she could attempt no other.
/lt length, however, she thought of
applying to Mr. Beard, whose humanity
immediately relieved her.
^he who had in thoughtless extravagance
dissipated the casual plenty
^•hich flowed in upon her, when she
^'as head of the company at the
dlavmarket, was now become provident
oS a sum which she would then
have lavished in a treat, and follicitous
haw to improve it into a subsistence,
however seanty, from day to day.
^ith this view flic took a little lodging,
and then laid out her mite in
^tk, which she purchased at the
^tst hand in Newgate market, and
^ode it into sausages. With these
SauSages she loaded herself and her
daughter, and hawked them ahout
the streets with good Success, Sor as
^e called at all the houses of her
iriends. few dismissed her without
making a purchase, and Some, she
bys, were So struck with the condition
to which she was redueed, that
shey mingled their tears with their
money, at the Same time pirying and
^landing the honest method she had
to relieve her necessities.
1 tit: meanneSa however oS this eminent,
she says, has by Some heen
^elly imputed to her as a crime,
they knew she had no alterna-
^ hut to starve, and though those
who blamed her, as reflecting dishonour
upon them, had not the kindneSs.
tho' they had abundantly the power
of supporting her with more comfort
to her and credit to themselves. It
was also reported that she cried rabbits
' about the town, having them
strnng on a long pole, which she carried
on her shoulder ; and at another
time, that she went about with a
basket of fish ; but both these report^
she declares to he utterly false.
While she thus dealt in sausages.
and sometimes as occasion offered in
pork and poultry, she was seized with
a fever. As she had never heen able
to get more one day than would keep
her and go to market the next, she
was now in the utmost distreSs, as
her expences were increased, and her
profits diminiSned, Sor she could now
only sell so much as her child could
carry out, and her stock was at
length fo far reduced, that her purchase
of pork amounted to no more
than three pounds weight. This she
had nicely chopped, ready for making
into sausages, and berng then
upon her recovery, left it wrapped
up on a table, and walked out for
a little fresh air into Cold Bath fields,
which were near her lodging. She
came back much revived, and with
some degree of chearfulnefs, hoping
she should now retrieve her business ;
but upon entering her room, she
perceived that a dog had Sound means
to creep in while she was abSent, and
carry away her whole stock in trade
in his helly. She had now neither
meat, money, nor friends, and as a
farther aggravation oS her distress.
a week's rent was that day due Sor
her lodging, which she apprehended
the landlord every moment to demand.
and upon non-payment to be turned
into the street, Sor it was his method
never to rifque the loss of a
fortnights rent. As foon as she wsa
a little recovered from the first shock
of surprise and disappointment, she
considered that it was abfolutelv necessary
to gel immediately oat of the
4 D way,

MAGA^lN
way, that she might avoid a demand
with which it was not possible for
her to comply She therefore walked
out, but without knowing whither
to go, or to whom to apply,
and was preferved from abfolute despair
only by the wild hope of meeting
by accident Some acquaintance that
would relieve her, or some adventure
that would shift the Scene of distreSs.
It happened that in this forlorn
perambulation she met an old gentlewoman
who knew her when she
was a child, and after enquiring the
state of her affairs, and the reafon
of her appearing in man's habit, relieved
her with a crown. With this
Supply she immediately returned home,
and next morning paid her landlord,
and quitted her lodging. It docs not
appear why she did not return to her
bufineSs as a higgler, as she was
now able to purchaSe at least a better
stock than that which the dog
had stolen ; but her next situation
was with a young woman, who tho'
not in assiuent circumstances, yet
chearfully SubSiSred both her and her
child a considerahle time. To this
unexpected kindneSs she probably owed
her Iise^, Sor in a Sew days her
fever returned with more violence
than ever, attended with a delirium,
and every other Symptom oS danger
and malignity, At length, however,
it began to abate, tho' she had neither
medicine nor advice ; but when
she recovered the uSe of her understanding,
she found herfelS too much
enfeebled even to write, and therefore
Sent a verbal account of her
situation to lad. Anglesey who in return
Sent her a piece of gold, and
upon her waiting upon his lordship
to thank him, as soon as she could
crawl out, she Says, he offered to restore
her to her place, as his gentleman,
but that as he was going to Ireland
she could not, on her child's account,
accept it.
About this time one Yeate^ opened
a place of public diversion, called the
Ne.v Wells, where he exhibited a
kind of pantomime entertainment,
intitled Jupiter and Alemena. In this
entertainment he wanted a singer in
the character of Mercury, and she
thought herself fortunate to supply
him, tho' at a stipend which she fays
was fcarce sufficient to buy her bread
and cheese. That pay however,
which fcarce afforded her food, did
not fail to bring all her creditors upon
her ; and tho' the whole of her
debts did not amount to five and
twenty pounds, yet they would have
incurred the penalty of perpetual imprisonment,
if she had been arrested.
She was therefore obliged to give up
her employment in a place where it
Yvas known she might be found ; and
improving an opportunity which happened
at the same time, she associated
herself with a man who went about
shewing tricks of legerdemain. V^ith
Such a collegue he improved his entertainment,
and with a few other
fugitives whom he picked up in
different
places, he commenced manager,
and his company tragedized in a
place called Petticoat-lane in Whitechappie.
But this place could not
long conceal her, tho she still wore
men's cloaths, and changing her name
was
called Mr. Brown. She therefore
after much thought and contrivance
determined to apply to her
mother's brother, and request that he
would give her one more chance
for a quiet subsistence, by paying her
debts, and putting her into a public
house. She made her application by
letter, and her uncle consented to
her request, and as a proof o^
the sincerity os his intentions, he ordered
her to take a houSe. overjoyed
and almost distracted with this
Sudden ^ood Sortune, she took the
first house on which she Saw a bub
which happened unfortunately, as she
SaVs, to be a notorious bawdy-houSe
in Drury-lane ; tho' she never reflected
upon that circumstance, or any
other disadvantage with reSpect to its
Situation, but immediately took a
hackney-coach, for now she was an
house^J^

I^Y NOVEMBER,
housekeeper she did not chose to walk,
and told her uncle with great joy,
how charmingly she was fixed. Her
uncle made no exceptions to her
choice, but gave her a bank note to
Set up with, and Some gold beside
for prefent uSe. Her delirium increase
ed with SucceSs> and she Spent great
part of the first day in counting the
money and reading the note. In a
lucid interval she discharged her principal
creditor, and chen ran from one
broker's shop Co anocher, giving whatever
was asked for whatever she had
a mind to buy; and thus in a few
hours she filled her house with many
things of which Sue bad no more
need than oS the furniture of a warhorse.
Within about three days her
houfe thus furnished was opened, and
witbin the sirst twenty-four hours she
gave awav as much bees, ham, and
veal to people whom she never Saw
before or since, as amounted to Seven
pounds; but after all, her house
was frequented by Scarce any but
a few indigene strollers, who came
thither only because she made a point
of giving credit to her old scquainta.ice,
who had been het companions
ia misfortune, and starved by the
same profession. But that something
might he coming in to pay her rent,
she let three rooms to three different
persons, whether men or women
does not appear, but one of them,
lite fays, has been since transported
sor life, another narrowly escaped the
gallows, and a third became a common
beggar.
If by such inmeatS her houfe came
into ill repute, it is no wonder, and
perhaps to her it might have been
no loss for an ill house has very
often good custom. But she suffered
hy the dishonesty of her lodgers, in
concurrence with her own indiscretion
another way. The cock that
feryed the whole houfe with water
^S in the same cellar where flic
^pt her liquors, so that those that
came down with a pail under pretence
of drawing water, Seldom failed
to carry it up full of beer. How
long her inattention would have Suffered
her to be ignorant of this
practice cannot be guessed, but the
crime naturally produced a discovery
of it, for the wretches that stole
her liquor having drank it till they
were drunk, seldom failed to quarrel,
and every one of them in their turns
would give their landlady bro^d hints,
that she would do well so w a tela
the others when they went into her
cellar, to fee what they carried up.
When her attention had been thus
routed, she found that her lodgers
had not been content with her
liquor, but had stolen her candlesticks,
her pewter, her coals, and
even the victuals from ber cupboard,
As her stock was thus daily diminished,
witlforit producing even the
prime cost, she found herself insensibly
involved in new debts, and
without attempting to retrieve hen
circumstances, by more diligence and
more caution, she took an opportunity
to strip the houfe of the furniture
that remained, and desert it.
It is So common for persons who
have no profession to become publicans,
that this expedient of Mrs.
Charke, will not be thought strange.
She had however, Some introduction
to this manner oS liSe, and though
she did not manage well her own
affairs, she had very well managed
thoSe of others in the Same way.
She had Some time beSore, by the
recommendation os a Sriend, obtained
the place of a waiter at .Mrs.
Dorr's, the king's head at Marybon,
to yvhom she was represented
as a young man reduced by misfortunes
frora better circumstances, who
had buried an amiable wife, and
had one daughter alive. At thla
place she made herself useful especially
as she could fpeak French,
and was able to converse with the
crowd of French and Germans
which filled the houfe on a Sunday
wheye

MAGAZINE
when there was an ordinary for their
accomodation. She recommended
herself so much to Mrs. Dorr, that
she suffered her to dine at table with
her and having sent for her daughter
treated them both with great
kindneSs ; buc a kinfwoman of Mrs.
Dorr's having taken a Sancy to her,
supposing her a young Sellow, and
she for good reasons declining her
favours, a coldness ensued, and in a
few days she grew weary of her
Situation, and left it.
[To be continued.]
Account of the Articles contained in Petri
II. of Vol. KLVIII. of the Philosophical
TranSactions, csntieued seor^
p.
A Rticle ^CII. is a comparison of
the notions of ^ tie Courtivron
and M Melvil, concerning the
different refrangibility of the rays of
light. By M. Clairaut, of the academy
of Paris, and also of the Royal
Society.
These gentlemen both SunpoSe the
difference of the resrangibility to be
merely the effect of the different velocity
of the rays, and M. Melvil
Supposes the difference oS velocity between
two Sorts oS rays, as of red and
violet. to be nearly as the difference
o^ their sines of refraction, where the
sines of incidence are the Same ; but
M. de Courtivron gives a difference oS
time considerably greater, both tending
to confirm a conclusion of Mr.
Short's, from many observations, that
the difference of refrangibility cannot
be caufed by the difference of velocity,
when the motion of light is
performed in the manner of a projectile.
^Clll New electrical experiments,
byMr. Canton.
It was observed by Du Tay, that
excited resinous bodies would repel
those that excited vitrious bodies would
attract, and e centra ; upon which
Mr. Franklin remarked, that one clcc-
of MAGAZINE ^
trilled positively, and the other he^atively
; that excited glafs threw out
the electrical sire, and excited Sulphur
drank it in. But no reason had been
assigned sor these phenomena. As
data for the Solution of this difficulty,
Mr. Canton relates the following experiments
:
A glafs tube which he had rubbed
with emery till its transparency was
destroyed, produced the fame effect,
when excited with new Slannel, as
sulphur or Sealing wax, the stream of
sire Seeming to iffue from the singer,
and Spread itself on the tube ; hut
when excited by dry oiled-Skin, it
produced the same effect as a glaSs
tube with its original polish, and the
sire then appeared only on the singer.
If the rou^h tube be greafed with tallow,
wiping it clean with a cloth, aa^
then excited wi th the oiled-silk, the
silk will receive a kind oS polish, and
she tube will act as yyhen sirst excited
by flannel. The oiled-silk whea
covered with chalk or whiting, will
make the greafed rough tube act again
like a polished one ; but if the
Sriction be continued till the rubber
becomes Smooth, the tube will a^am
act like one oS Sulphur or Sealingwax.
Thus may the positive aad
negative powers be produced at pleasure,
and if one halt" of the tube be
made rough, and the other left Smooth,
both powers may be excited by a
single strode, and the rubber ^ilt
move more easily over the rough than
the polished part.
^CIV. An account oS the effects
of electricity in the county hofpital at
Shrewsbury ; by Dr. Hart.
The patients on whom it was tried
were paralytic; on one it produced
no effect, and on the other it twice
rendered a partial palsy universal.
KCV. A letter concerning the number
of inhabitants in London and
Westminster; by the Rev. Dr. W
Brackenridge.
In this letter it appears by a very judicious
and accurate calculation, that
till

f ^ Y N O V E M ^ R ,
till about the year 1728 the inhabitants
of London and Westminster were
increasing ; that from 1728 to 1743,
they neither increased nor diminished,
and that during the last ten years tlicv
have been constantly diminishing. But
within the dry walls the number does
not Seem to fluctuate in the same
periods as without. The most numerous
state of the city was from i 7 i 8
to 1728, but the most numerous state
of the parts without was not till afterwards,
fo that they were decreasing
in the city at the Same time they were
increasing without. Perhaps the number
oS new buildings within the liberties
of Westminster might produce
this effect. However, from the a ear
i7i8 the christenings and burials have
both So much decreafed within the
walls, that the inhabitants must he
near one 4th Sewer now than they
vrere then.
In London there generally dies annually
one person in thirty, but in the
country there die not more than one
la lSiSty. If the number of burials
therefore be taken at an average, for
Some years, and multiplied by 3o, the
product must he the number of peo-
^le ; and by this computation it appears,
that since the year i 743 there
has been a decrease of above ioo,ooo;
and that the present number is not
more than 740,o00.
This decrease he supposes to be the
^Hect of three concurrent cauSes ; i .
the excessive ufe of spirituous liquors;
2- the prevailing fashion of living
single, not mote than half the marriageable
people in London being
carried ; and 3. the increaSe os trade
m the northern parts oS Britain ; Sor
he obferves, that it could not be
^tised by the war, because during
^war from eiyoz, to i7ii, the inhabitants
continually increased ; nor
^ a greater number leaving the
town in the Summer, because this
timber cannot in ten years have int'teaSed
So as to account for a diffe-
KCVI Account of a large calculus
found in a mare; by Mr. Win.
Watson.
This stone weighed l 5 pounds i z
ounces, averdupois ; its Specific gravity
co that of water was as 8 to 5,
its figure was an oblate fpheroid, the
great diameter 8 , inches, the lefs S
inches ; in colour it resembled the
oxidental bezoar, and except where
it appeared to have heen corroded by
Some acrid menstruum, the Surface
was extremely regular and Smooth.
The mare was i6 years old, and at
last died near her foaling time, having
never shewn any signs of pain
till within about three months hefore
her death, and then she wonld
lie down and roll about. Mr. Watfon
mentions two other stones of a
large size, which upon sawing them
through the middle appeared to have
been formed upon an iron nail, as a
nucleus.
KCVII. A dissertation on the Be-
Jemnites, by Gustavus Brander, F. RS.
The Belemnites is a fossil, about
which the learned have greatly differ'd
in opinion, fome Supposing it an animal,
Some a vegetable, and Some a
mineral Substance. Mr. Brander has
endeavoured to shew that it is an animal
production, Sormed by a polype
like other coralline bodies, and its nucleus
a concamerated testaceous body
oS the Nautili genus.
KCVIll. An attempt to determine
the Species of the agaric ufed as a
styptic by Mr. Wm. Warson, F. R. S.
Mr. WatSon does not believe that
the agaric brought Srom France is the
common agaric of the oak, a parasitical
plant, called by Bauhin, Fungus
in caudicibuS nascent, unguis equini
figura ; but that it is the Fungus coriaceus
quercinus hatmatodes, a vegetable
which is Sound on old putrid
oaks in Ireland, and called oak-leather
by the inhabitants, who uSe it to dreSs
ulcers. This vegetable is also used in
Virginia as leather to Spread plaisters
on, bccausc it docs not only sit eaSy,
as

3 ^
as being a soft substance, but is
thought besides to have . a healing
quality.
KC1K. Farther account of agric as
a styptic ; by B. Gouch.
This is a relation of two caSe^ in
which the use of agaric succeeded ;
one was that of a man near 7o years
of age, whose solids were much relaxed,
and fluids depraved, having
an ulcer on his leg of the phagedenic
kind, with carious bones ; bis
leg was cut off below the knee, and
the agaric forcibly apply d to the
stump, which totally stopped the
bleeding in about half an hour, the
toutnequet ligature being quite loose,
to remove all impediment to the reflux
of the blood.
C. Letter from Geneva-
This only contains a very short account
of the success of inoculation
there.
CI. Account of tbe earthquake at
Constantinople in the summer of i 754.
Cll. CIIl. Farther account of discoveries
at Herculaneum, particularly
of manuscripts, but it is seared none
of them can he read.
CIV. Account of some tryals to
keep water and fish fweet with lime ;
by Dr. Stephen Hales.
The effect of these tryals was, that
chalk-lime does not preserve water
fweet, but stone-lime does in a certain
degree. Native mineral Sulphur will
also preServe water from great degrees
of putrifaction Fish in stonelime-water
suffers an unSeetid putrefaction,
and when boiled dissolves
like anchovy, but in chalk-lime avater
stinks.
CV. Medical and chemical observations
upon antimony; by Dr. Huxham.
The doctor remarks that about two
centuries ago a physician who pre-
Scribed antimonials was expelled the
faculty ; hut that now it is in some
form or other the grand catholicon,
tof MAGA^lNE^
and a Sad by dablers as well as doctors
in physic.
He proceeds to shew by great variety
of experiments and judicious reasoning
upon them, that antimony is
a most excellent mineral, but that
it cannot be given either with Salety
or Success by thofe who are not
well acquainted with its analysis and
component principles, and the effecl
of them in different combinations,
preparations, and doles. The whole
of this article appears to be os Su
great importance and so little knows,
that all who prcferibe or administer
antimony for medical purpofes, sad
desire not to poison instead oS curing
the patient, should read it : We should
thereSore think ourselves Scarce less
culpable than the empiric, iS wc
should furnish him with an excule
Sor not having recourse to the essay
itself, by giving him an epitome.
CVI. An account oS Mr. Sam.
TulI's method oS castrating sish Ihis
is done by opening the helly, removing
the intestines, and dividing
the ovaries with a pair oS Sciffars
CVII. An attempt to point out the
advantages oS a periodical reviesv coi
the variations of the .magnetic needle
throughout the known world ;
William Mountaine and James ldotl-
Son.
A periodical review is necessary
because the direction oS the needle
at the Same place is continually varying,
and Srom a comparison of these
variations through a course os several
periods, Some knowledge may
reSult that will be oS great use to
the mariner with respect to the lting^
titude. ,
The learned thereSore all over the
world are requested to Send an account
of the preSent variation o
the needle at their Several pla^
oS residence, to the secretaries os
the Royal Society in Crane-Co^,
London. .

I^Y NOVEMBER,
lit our Journal of American A^airs continued in our last, we just took Notice that
tee had received two very different Accounts of the Conduct of the PenSylvanians
during the present Dispute with France ; and we promised to publish both, not only
to sbew our Impartiality, hut as a Debt due to the Public, ser whom they were
transmitted to us ; which is most consonant to truth it dees not hehove us to determine.
hut they prove too plainly, that that (Snaninrity is wanting, without which
rtery State must be comparatively weak and contemptible.
State of the present Disputes in Penfylvania, as represented by bofh Parties.
In Favour of fhe Governor.
'I^lHEN the Philadelphians recei-
1 q yed the unexpected news of
Gen. Braddock's defeat, they were at
once rouzed from their Slumber of security,
and loudly condemned their
assembly, who by erroneous principles,
and an ill-tim'd parsimony, had neglested
to provide for the security of either
city or province. The accounts
which afterwards artived of the enemy's
plundering, killing, and fcalping
the hack inhabitants, encreased their
fears that their city would either be
Saak'd and laid in ashes, or the people
subjected to a large ransom. Some
Schemes of defence were propos'd, but
none executed ; and when it was
known that the victors had not pur-
Sued their conquest, and Col. Dunhat,
with his division, was arrived at
Port Cumberland, their fears vanished,
and the dream of Security returned.
To confirm the delusion,
many preachers, both men and women,
went about with great assiduity,
and pronounced, that the evil
^as of our own Seeking ; that the
r ranch were Settled on their own
^adt, and that the defeat of the
ting's troops was a judgment for
disturbing the enemy in their peaceful
habitations ; that their colony was
leader the immediate protection of
haaven, and that going to war was
Unnecessary. This doctrine bad its
^iiect, and the unhappy Fenfylvanisns
despised all military arts and military
officers
lt is very unhappy for the people
that their liberties, and the power of
tlapenfing laws, ace committed to
persons
In Favour of fhe Assembly.
^ 11 'HE governor in the last Session
a. refuSed to pass the bill for
granting 5o,oool. to the king's use,
because the proprietary lands were included
in a general tax on the real and
personal estates in this province.
At the opening of the fession s,the
governor made a Speech to the bouse,
acquainting them with the unhappy
situation of publick offices, by the
defeat of Gen. Braddock, and recommending
the grant of a supply for
the king's ufe, withal cautioning
them to avoid every thing that might
revive former disputes between him
and them.
The house accordingly voted a
supply of 5o,oool. for the king's use,
to he raiSed by an equitable tax on
all estates, real and personal, which
was thought a great Sum for this
province, though it may appear otherwife
in England, where, it is said,
we have heen invidiously represented
as vastly rich and able.
For observance of the governor's
caution, to avoid all the former disputes
about sufpending clauses, they
chose to make no paper money.
^ To avoid all disputes about the
disposition oS the money to arife by
the tax, and yet to Secure a right application,
they proposed, by the bill,
to put it into the hands of commissioners,
to he disposed of by them
for the king's service, with the consent
and approbation of the governor,
or of the commander in chief of the
king's forces in N America.
Isut to obtain a credit for immediate
life, (as collecting the tax would require

4 ^ MAGA^lN^ tf MAGA^lNE^
In suvour of the Governor.
persons of their own stamp, who
are either unseasonably parsimonious,
or conscientiously principled against
defence; for both thefe are repugnant
to the true end oS government,
which is the Safety of the people in
time of danger.
Hence it is that the French have
been suffered to make encroachments
under the very eye of this assembly,
and that they have paid no regard
to the remonstrances of the governor,
and the proofs he laid before
them that they were within the undoubted
limits of this province. This
also is the cauSe that, till Braddock's
arrival, they evaded every necessary
preparation recommended by their governor,
and entered on unprofitable
and unseasonable disputes.
When Sir Thomas RobinSoifs letter
was laid beSore them, acquainting
them that his majesty intended to
Send over two regiments oS Soot, and
ordering that two more should be rai-
Sed Sor the defence of America, and
that they should contribute as far as
they could to the having about 3ro00
men in readinefa to enlist ; and at the
Same time recommending them to provide
a regulating law sor the necessity
there might be oS impressing tradeSmen,
horSes and carriages, that no
disputes might arise between the civil
and military officers; they endeavoured
to elude all, and in their
next meffage, insinuated that the governor
intended to distreSs the people,
and peremptorily told him, that no
military officer should, or ought to
have such power within their province.
At other times they have made an
appearance oS giving money without
any teal design oS doing it, by art-
Sully penning their bills in a manner
contrary to a royal instruction, and So
as no American governor had a right
to paSs them.
Thus have the necessary preparations
Sor facilitating tbe Success of the
army
In Favour of the .^sembly.
quire Some time) they impowered the
commissioners to draw orders on otir
treaSurer, (not exceeding the Sum
granted) payable out oS the tax as
it should come into his hands, which
orders, it was prefumed, would have
at least a shore credit, as orders on the
treaSury have always been paid with
punctualiry and honour.
Lest the issuing these orders should
be considered as a making os money,
to avoid all disputes on that bead, the
orders were not proposed to be made s
legal tender.
An d to Secure the credit, and give
the creditor a compensation Sor the
credit he afforded, the orders were to
bear an interest till paid at the rate of
5 per Cent. per Ann.
To avoid all diSputes concerning
the propriety of extending hither, an
act oS parliament expresly made for tocher
colonies, instead of taking more
than sive years sor the sinking these
orders, the house chofe to have them
Sunk in two years, and So it was ordered
in the bill.
Thus all Sormer disputes, and every
thing that might Seem to inter-
Sere with royal instructions, old or new,
or act5 oS parliament in force, or not
in force here, was carefully avoided
in the formation of the bill.
And the governor not heing able to
make any objection to the pasting os
it, on those accounts, was reduced
to the necessity of Saying, that he
was restrained by the proprietaries,
and accordingly refuSed his assent
He then urged vehemently that the
houSe would prepare a bill for establishing
a militia.
But as tbe colonies that have s
militia do not use it on any expedition,
but constantly vote Sor money to
encourage the raising and enlisting ul
men, whom they take into pay sor
Such Service, and as this might hate
been done here by the governor with
the 5o,ooos if he had thought ht
to pes; the bill; and a militia' ^

^Y N O V E M
Sn Favour of the Governor.
srmy been omitted, and the expedition
delay'd to a Satal time, when
she trees in a woody country were
covered with leaves, and it was impossible
Sor a regular army to march
Safely against a body of French and
their Indians. whose great Skill in
ambush-sighting, when they have sufficicot
covering, is superior to all
arts of war that regulars can use a-
^ainst them.
But had the necessary preparations
been made upon the first notices,
fo that the general might have marched
before the trees and bushes had
put forth their verdure, and while
the French, from the feverityof the
SeaSon, had but a weak garrison,
then might we easily have taken
fort du (^uefne, and gained a sull
possession os the Ohio. What
io,oool. would have done for us when
the French first settled, i00,00ol. will
nor probably effect now; and even now
they injure the common cause. Out
governor has lately made a proposal of
^ranting portions of the proprietary's
lands west ofthe Allegheney mountains,
without.purchase money, to those military
men that will settle there; which
svould probably become a barrier to
this part of the continent, yet the afsembly
depreciated the offer-
dccount of the BrittshSefflemenfs inN.
•America, continued form p. 3 l 1
Of MARYLAND.
^ A R Y L A N D is bounded to the
a, west by high mountains, to the
^ast by Chesapeak Bay and the northern
Sea, to the north by Delawar
nay, and to the South by Potomack;
it is divided into eleven counties,
fit to the west oS the bay, and five
to she east, and lies between latitude
37 50 and 4o N.
In Maryland, hesides St. Mary the
Capital, there are two very considerable
cities, Anapolis and^ William-
VoL.
In Favour of fhe A^embly.
we had one, could not march.
or go on any expedition without
money, which is not to be had
without passing the bill, and
as our people are already well
acquainted with fire arms, being
mostly hunters and markSinen, and
the manual exercise and evolutions
taught a militia, are known by
experience to be of little or no
use in our woods, it was thought.
that the going into Such a law
at this time may be attended with
sewer advantages than inconveniences.-—Thefe
were the sentiments
of a majority, which I am perfwaded
are fairly stated. ^
A similar proposal was likewise
made fome years ago' by Mr. Fenn,
who offered 400o I- and 1001. per
Annum for twenty years, towards
building a strong house at, or
near to the very spot on which
the French have their fort ; and
had this been done, the encroachments
would have been prevented;
but this offer being rejected by
the assembly we are now involved
in expence and bloodshed, for
which there appears no remedy,
except the parliament of England
should interfere.
stadt, at each of which there is a
custom-house. The other settlements
in this province fcarce deserve the
name of villages, and there are hamlets
in Penfylvania much more considerable
than the three cities of Maryland
put together.
Maryland was separated from Virginia,
or which it was formerly considered
as a part, at the request of
George Calvert, Lord Baltimore, in
the year i63i. This nobleman, being
a papist, retired to America, that
he might exercise his religion^ without
interruption or offence, and requested
Charles l. to grant him this
part of Virginia, which was not
^ E then

T^t M A G A 2 1 N E nfMAGA21NE^
then settled. Charles complied with the
request, and called the new district
Maryland, in honour of his queen,
Henrietta-Maria of France, whom
he is known to have loved with great
tenderneSs.
Lord Baltimore died hefore the letters
'patent had passed the seals, and
his son, Cecil Calvert, Lord Baltimore,
being invested with the grant,
sent a colony over in the year 1633,
consisting oS'2oo persons, of whom
the greater part were Roman Catholicks,
aud of good families- This
company had the good fortune to find
an Indian town which had been abandoned
by its inhabitants ; the
adjacent ground being already cleared
of weood and ready for the plow, they
foon procured provision in great abundance,
which in a short time encreased
the colony with many new
settlers, and being also assisted by the
inhabitants of Virginia and New-England,
it Soon became populous and
nourishing. The impolitic behaviour
of Berkeley, the governor of Virginia,
who drove the non-conformists out of
that province, also greatly contributed
to the advantage of Maryland ; for
Baltimore, though a papist, tonk advantage
of Berkeley's indiscreet zeal,
and with open arms received all that
he banished. When the colony became
numerous, he established a torm
of government upon the model of
that which had heen received in his
mother country. He instituted a
council, which, with himself, and
some of the sub-proprietors whom
they invited over, made a kind of
house of peers ; and when the country
was divided into shires, he caused
representatives of each to he elected,
which formed a houfe of commons.
It was stipulated that the lord proprietor,
or his deputy, should have
the Sole right oS convoking, proroguing,
and dissolving this parliament ;
that their concurrence Snould be necessary
to give every bill that passed
the two houSes the Sanction of a law,
which should continue in force till
repealed by tbe fame authority,
The death of Charles 1. deprived
Baltimore of his government, which,
however, was restored to him at the
restoration. At the revolution he again
lost his authority as governor,
but as proprietary was permitted tto
receive the revenues. At his death
his family were in great danger of
losing this henesit by an act of parliament,
which declared papists incapable
of succeeding to paternal inheritances,
and upon this occasion
they chose rather to hecorne protestants,
than to be deprived of one oS
the sinest possessions that any Subject
of Great Britain could boast es
The government, however, continued
in the form to which the revolution
had reduced it ; the court named
the governor, and the council and
the members of the general assembly
were elected as before ; the legislative
power was lodged in the governor,
the council and general assembly
united, and tbe governor had
a negative upon all laws which the
assembly proposed. Maryland, howeves.
has preServed the advantage of
not Submitting her laws to Great
Britain Sor confirmation.
The climate, the Soil, and productions
oS Maryland, as well as the
manners oS the inhabitants, which
are Supposed to be about 6o,ooo
without Negroes, differ very little
from those of Virginia. The quantity
of wood which is still standing
in this province, renders the air m
s o m e degree less wholeSome, but it
is far Srom being noxious-
The principal exports of Maryland,
exclusive of tobacco, are oak and cedar,
besides which they have the wax
tree, a kind of myrtle, from the fruit
of which a wax is extracted, that
heing mixed with tallow is used for
candles. The inhabitants apply
very little to manufacture, of which,
however, there is one of woollen
cloth in Somerset county. The whole
property of this.colony consists in tobacco.
which includes food, cloaths,

^Y N O V E ^
sad money. The tobacco of Maryland,
called Oroonoko, is stronger
than that of Virginia, and fo hot
in the mouth, that we do not fmoke
it in England, but the more northern
nations prefer it to that which is
more mild. The quantity annually
exported to Holland, Denmark, Sweden,
and Germany, amounts to
30,000 hogsheads.
The imports of Maryland from
Europe are the fame as those of Virginia
; and though the planters make
excellent eyder of their own growth,
which Serves for their ordinary drinking
yet they import wines from
Madeira, Fayal, and France, rum
from Barbadoes, and malt and beer
from England. There are at the
fame time innumerable vines in their
own woods, which are utterly neglected,
and the fruit suffered to rot
upon the ground. The currency amounts
to about 9o,00cd. sterling,
and the exchange with Great Britain
is uSually cent per cent.
The commerce of Maryland and
Virginia is one of the most advantageous
that is carried on by Great-
Britain, and is every da^ encreafing.
About the year 1256 it employed
aoo fail of ships, and the next product
of the tobacco exported to England,
amounted to 2io,00ol. sterl.
per Ann. and in the years i74tyand
1750, the quantiry exported is computed
to produce a gain to the nation
amounting to near 4oo,oool.
The application of the inhabitants
ol Maryland and Virginia solely to
the cultivation of tobacco, obliges
them to purchase of us all their linen,
woollen, furniture, and utensils
oS every kind, and thus prevents
their arriying at any considerable de-
^'re of affluence. They have, indeed,
all the necessaries of life, but
the conveniencies and elegancies are
generally wanting. New-England,
-^iew-York, and Penfylvania, being
ta this respect much more agreeably
circumstanced.
fhe life of the s^eschauts is the
^ E R, ^
most eligible of any in Virginia and
Maryland, but they are under very
great disadvantages and inconveniences
with respect to the circumstances
under which they trade. They can
fell only upon credit, because they
can be paid only in tobacco, and
must, therefore, wait till it is got in.
The distance of their scattered habitations
from each other makes the
recovery of the debts thus contracted
very difficult, and these disadvantages
which encumber the Inland
trade, influence the foreign, fo that
a vessel is generally three or foun
months, and sometimes six, in the
country before she can get her cargo
on hoard, which w*ould not detain
her a week, if the tobacco was placed
ready in magazines at the proper
ports.
The marine of Virginia and Maryland
amounts to about t,ooo,ooe^
of tons, exclusive of the vessels employed
on their own coasts.
[To be continued.]
A succinct Account of the Revelations in
Persia, from the Death of Nets tic
Sn AH to the present Time.
'^TAotR Sn AH having been deser-
I ^ ted by bis nephew Ali Kouli
Khan, and Tamaris Kan, who commanded
a very considerable body of hie
forces, and distrusting the Persians in
that part of the army which he commanded
in person, conceived a design
to cut them all off by a sudden
stroke. This was ro he effected by
the Ousbegs Turcomans, and other
Tartars, of which the principal part
of his army consisted, and having
communicated his design to them,
it was agreed, that at iz o'clock
at night he should throw up a skyrocket
from his tent door, as a Signal
for the massacre to begin. Part of
this agreement was overheard by a
Georgian slave, who revealed all he
knew to some Persian officers ; these
immediately sent for others, and in a
general consultation determined to
assassinate:

4^4 ^^ M A G A 2 1 N I
assassinate the tyrant in his tent before
the time appointed for the maffacre
should arrive. This was accordingly
executed, and a battle ensued
between the Tartars and Persians
in the army, which lasted till
day-byeak, and then the Tartars
difpersed.
Ali Kouli Khan, as foon as he heard
that his uncle was dead, went to Mefched,
where he put on the royal diadem,
and took the name of Adil Shah.
He was at first very popular, having
re mitred all taxes for three years ; he
was,'. however, execrably cruel. sor
not content with putting to death all
bis uncle's relations, he caused many
women who were with child by him
to he ripped up
While he thought himfelf securely
established by the general Suffrage, and
the possession of Nadir's immense treasures,
he abandoned himSelf wholly to
seine and women ; and instead of exerting
himself in his regal capacity,
and appearing at the head of his
troops, he Sent his brother Ibrahim
Myrza to lSpahan, and Amur Allan
Khan to the western province: Amur
resided at Tauris, and soon became
sensible oS Ali's weakness, and
his own strength , This encouraged
him to revolt, and he immediately
plundered all the English merchants
to Supply himSelf with money till be
could Seise the public treasures. About
the Same time Ibrahim, whom
his brother Ali had Sent to Ifpuhan,
threw off his allegiance, and became
also a competitor sor the crown, Sounding
his hopes oS SucceSs upon the
mutual weakneSs which a contest between
Ali and Amur must produce ;
as Amur on tis part hoped to avail
himfelf of a contest between the brothers.—Ali
was foon alter totally
defeated, and at length put to death
by Ibrahim, who also Sound means
to get his competitor Amur assassinated,
upon which his army dispersed.
It happened, however, that a grandsen
of Nadir, who was called Shalirook,
had been preserved in the general maS-
Sacre, and Ibrahim having no forces in
the eastern parts of Persia, Shyhrook
was declared king at MeScbed. Ibrahim
having Squandered his treasures,
was unable to Secure the fidelity of
his troops, and many having deferred
him, the rest were defeated, and
himself cut off, as is supposed, in the
engagement, for he was never afterwards
heard of, nor does it appear
that his body was found, or even
fought among the dead.
In the year 175o, Shahrook sayv
himfelf on the throne of Persia, without
a competitor, acknowledged by all
the princes of Perfia as their sovereign.
—The beginning of his reign railed
high expectations of its continuance,
with great advantages He granted
to Armenia an entire exemprion from
taxes for seven years; he made many
regulations greatly in favour of commerce
; the caravans pasted and repassed
without interruption, and the
sequins of the Mogul circulated in
great plenty through all the sea pe^ts
of the Levant which traded with
Persia. But the profperity of peace
was but of Short continuance, sor
Muravali, the chick or governor of
Mefched, a man of great parts, great
ambition, and dissolute morals, formed
a project to set his son upon she
throne.
The Persians, though Mahometans,
are yec of two Sects, one is chat cl
Ali, the other oSOSmin or Sunnis; the
majority are oS the sect of Ali, and
therefore Mutavall persuaded the people
that Shahrook was a favourite ot
the Sunnites, his father and grandfather
having been both of that Sect
Mutavali's insinuations were managed
with So much art, that they produced
a wonderSul effect, and the very pe^
pie who Selt themselves happy in the
enjoymentoS perfect tranquility and
uninterrupted commerce, were induced
to expose themfelves to all she
miSeries of an intestine war, Srem
which they had fo lately been delivered,
by the meer notion thrt
bhabrook held some Speculative

^r N O V E M ^ E R, 4^
pinion with their ancestors supposed
tco be erroncous?
The province of Corazin was the
first that revolted, and Shahrook put
himself at the head of his troops,
and marched to reduce them. He
gained Some advantage, and would,
perhaps, have Compleated the reduction
of other malecontents ; but he
was stopped at Mefched by a famine,
and obliged to return to Corazin,
^fhe inner part of Persia being thus
left without a chief, all the Khans
or governors of provinces erected
themfelves into little Sovereigns, and
hy their contentions with each other
involved the country in all the
miseries of anarchy and confusion :
Commerce was immediately at an end;
the merchandize which the short interyal
of peace had brought to the
Sea ports in the Levant, was carried
hack, and the caravans that attempted
to go forward were plundered
by robbers.
At this time Temuraa, a Christian,
was prince of Georgia, (christianiry,
however corrupt, being the religion
as that country) and his son, Heraclius,
also presided over Some provinces
; in the general commotion
they feieed upon Erivan and Nakhchivan,
marched a considerable army
towards Tauris, and drew over the
Afghans to their party. These Afghans
were part of Nadir Shagh's
army, which having dispersed at his
death, lived as banditti in this part
as the country, having no profession,
nor any fettled place of habitation.
"
^iishrook being still detained at
MeSched, the inhabitants of a Southern
province took up arms in favour
of lfinael, a prince whom tney pretended
was a descendant from the
Sophi's, and had, therefore, the best
n^ht to the crown. These revolters,
who were called Bactiaris, and inhabited
the province of Couraistan,
^ere commanded by Ali Kerdan
Jthan, a veteran Soldier, more than
oo years oS age, who meeting wish
no opposition, Seized upon lSpahan,
and seating young lfmael upon the
throne, declared himfelf his protector.
The want of money Soon obliged
him to Such measures as greatly
weakened his interest, by rendering
him unpopular ; for he levied
exorbitant taxes, and put to death
several wealthy merchants, that he
might take possession of their effects.
In the mean time Temuraa and
HeracliuS would have become very
formidable, if the Afghans had, not
revolted ; but it was now necessary
to reduce them before any thing
farther could be attempted againSt
Shahrook. Upon this occaslon the
troops of Georgia were joined by
the Armenians, and made a very considerable
army, every soldier of
which had a cross upon his cloaths,
and all the standards were distinguished
by the fame device. They met
the Afghans near the city of Odwar,
and after an obstinate engagement
cut the greatest pert of them
to pieces. In this engagement Heraclius
had a signal opportunity of
difplaying his personal courage, which
rendered him extremely popular among
the soldiers One of the
chiefs of the Afghans had boosted
before the battle, that he would
bring off Heraclius alive or dead,
of which the prince was informed
by a deserter ; just before the sirst
charge, as the armies were marching
to meet each other, the Afghan
clapt Spurs to his horse, aiid quitting
his rank. brandished his lance,
and called out sor Heraclius. Heraclius
forbid his men to attack him,
and immediately rode beyond the
lines to meet him. They were now
in the sight of both armies, and
the Afghan ran furiously at the
prince with his lance, who avoiding
him with great dexterity, at the Same
instant shot him dead wisla a pistol,
and then without any ernoriun rode
back, and again put himfelf at the
head of bis men.
As

40^ M A G A 2 1 N ^ t f M A G A 2 1 N E ^
As soon as the Afghans were de- fidy of some of the Khans, who
seated, he advanced to Tauris, and had engaged to assist him, but fudhaving
easily made himself master of denly went over to the enemy: He
that place, he marched against the was now obliged once more to re-
Lesgees, and the Khans of Guendia tire to his capital, and the barhaaad
Ouroumi, who had assisted the rians proceeded without opposition
Afghans in their revolt, and over to desolate the provinces that they
these he also obtained a compleat had not already entered. Heraclius,
victory ; but the broken armies of however, who never totally relinboth
the Afghans and Lefgees unit- quished his purpose, whatever dishing,
entered and ravaged several culties he sound in the execution of
provinces, and their number still en- it, having recruited his army with
creasing by the accession of the rab- 400o auxiliaries, whom he had found
hie, who having themselves nothing means to abtain from the Circassins,
to Iofe, hoped to mend their for- marched once more against athe AStune
by plundering others, Heracli- ghans, and notwithstanding they
las was obliged to retire towards his were' greatly superior in number, he
capital, totally defeated them, and to shew
During theSe commotions Shah- his gratitude to the Circastins, to
rook continued at Corazin, and the whom he owed the victory, he agreater
part of his troops having pe- bandoned to them all the plunder,
rished by the famine, he became con- which pleased them fo much, that
temptible in proportion as he became they immediately engaged to fend
weak ; the report of his being a him men whenever he should
Sunnite gained new credit ; the Per- think sit to require them.
sixns clarnourously demanded a prince Heraclius after his victory retired
of the Sect of Ali, and MutavaIi again to Tessiis ; Tauris, and all the
taking advantage of the disaffection adjacent conntry is put into his
he had raifed, seized him, and put hands, and he la now arming to
out his eyes. '' execute some other project of great
In the mean time the Afghans and moment. In the mean time li'tnael
their associates silled the country Shah, set up by the Bactlari, reigns
with violence, so that the multitudes peaceably in his capital, and every
which fled before them from Khan governs his province as a Sothe
plundered provinces, enabled He- vereign.
radius to undertake their extirpati- The Muscovite candidate remain.s
on, and an agreement was made in Georgia, and it is supposed that
between him and several of the Khans, under pretence of placing him up
that after they had Subdued these on the throne, Heraclius will make
ravagc-rs they would proceed to the another irruption into Persia, of which
metropolis, and put an end to the it is probable he will at length
troubles of Persia, by electing a be king. He is now about 27
king of the race of the Sophi's. years of age, his person is grace-
When this resolution to elect a sul, and his manner engaging ; he
king was known, a new candidate has great courage and great huma-
-appeared, sent, as it is Said, by the nity^ ^ is the idol of his people,
Russians into Georgia, and Hera- and has now possession of two great
clius, in prosecution of his Scheme, kingdoms, Georgia and Persian Arwas
preparing to attack the Afghans, mania.
avhen he was prevented by the per-
Accot^t

N O V E M ^ ^ R,
decount of a surprizing Phenomenon in
Yorkshire.
The se/lowing surprizing Acceount was
published this Month in the Public Advertiser.
d^N Tuesday, March 25, t755,
being the week before Easter,
many persons heard a great noise
near a ridge of mountains in York-
Shire, called Black Hamilton. It was
observed chiefly on the south-west
Side of the mountains, about a mile
from the course where the Hamilton
races are run, near a ridge of
rocks, commonly called Whiston Cliffs,
or Whiston White Mare, two miles
from Sutton, and about five from
^hirsk
The same noise was heard on
WedneSday by all who went that
way- On Thurlday about seven in
the morning, Edward Abbot, weaver,
and Adam Bofomworte, bleacher,
both of Sutton, riding under Whiston
Cliffs, heard a roaring, as they
expressed it, like many cannons, or
laud and rolling thunder. It seemed
to come from the Cliffs t looking
up to which they Saw a piece
of the rock, four or five yards broad,
Split and fly off from the very top
of the rock. They thought it strange,
but rode on. Between ten and eleven,
a part of the fame rock, about
fifteen yards thick, thirty high, and
between sixty and seventy broad,
^as torn off, and thrown into the
valley.
About seven in the evening, one
lvho wais riding by, observed the
ground to shake exceedingly, and soon
after Saw Several large stones or rocks
of Several ton weight, rife out of the
ground. Others were thrown on one
fide, others turned upside down, and
Several of them rolled over and
over. Being a little frightened, and
not very curious, he hasted on his
way.
On Good Friday and on Saturday
she ground continued to shake, and
the rocks to roll over one another^
the earth also clove asunder, and
continued so to do till Sunday morning.
Being at Ofmocherly, seven miles
from the Cliffs, on Monday June i.
and finding Edward Abbot there, I
desired him che next morning to shew
me che way thither. We came chicher
soon after nine. I walked,
crept, and climbed over great part
of the ruins. It was an awful sight :
It does by no means appear, that
there was ever any hollow in the
rook at all ; but one part of the Solid
stone is cleft in a perpendicular
line, and as Smooth as if cut with
instruments from the other. Nor is
it barely thrown down, but fplit into
many hundred pieces, some of
which lie at the distance of four or
five hundred yards.
The ground nearest the cliff is
not raised as one would expect, but
funk considerably beneath the level.
But at some distance it is raised in
a ridge of eight or ten yards wide,
iz or 15 broad, and near an hundred
long. Adjoining to this, lay an
oval piece of ground, 3o or 4o yards
in diameter, which had been removed
whole as it was, from beneath
the cliff, without so much as tho
least fissure, with all its load of
rocks, some of which were as large
as the hull of a fmall ship. At a
little distance was a second piece of
ground, 4o or 5o yards across, which
had been transplanted also entire, with
rocks of various sizes upon it, and a
tree growing out of one of them.
By the removal of one, or both of
theSe, I suppofe the hollow near the
cliff was made.
All round these lay stones and
rocks, great and Small, Some on the
Surface of the earth, some half funk
into it, Some almost covered, in variety
of positions. Between theSe the
ground was cleft asunder, in a thousand
places. Some of the aperturea
were nearly clofed again ; Some gaping
as at sirst. Between thirty and

forty acres of land, as is commonly
supposed (tho* some reckon above
fixry) are in this condition.
On the skirts of thefe I observed
in abundance of places, the turf
which hesore covered the ground,
(for it was pasture land) as if it were
pared off, and wrapt round, like
sheets of lead. A little farther it
was not clefr, or broken at all, but
raised up in ridges five or six feet
long, exactly resembling the graves in
a churchyard ; of these there is a
vast number.
His Majesty's most gracious Speech fo bofh
Houses of Parliament, on Thurfday,
Nov. 13. 1755.
My Lorde and Gentlemen,
present critical conjuncture
of affairs, and my constant inclination
to have the advice and assistance
of my parliament on all important
occasions, have made me desirous
to meet you here as early as possible.
Since your last session, I have taken
Such meaSures as might he most conducive
to the protection oS our possessions
in America, and to the regaining
of such parts thereof, as
had been incroached upon, or invaded,
in violation of the peace,
and contrary to the faith of the most
solemn treaties.
For this purpose, the maritime
force of this kingdom has heen got
ready with the utmost application and
expedition, and been principally employed
; some land forces have heen
sent from hence to North America ;
and all proper encouragement has been
given to the several colonies there, to
exert themselves in their own defence,
and in the maintenance of the rights
and possessions of Great Britain.
With a sincere desire to preserve my
people from the calamities of war, as
well as to prevent, in the midst of
these troubles; a general war from heing
lighted up in Europe, l have been
always ready to accept reasonable and
M A G A 2 1 N ^ of M AGA^lNP^s
honourable terms oS accommodation ;
hut none Such have hitherto been propropoSed
on the part of France. I
have also confined my views and ope
rations to hinder France from making
new encroachments, or supporting
those already made ; to exert our
right to a satisfaction for hostilities
committed in a time of profound
peace ; and to disappoint such designs,
as, from various appearances and
preparations, there is reason to think,
have heen formed against my kingdoms
and dominions.
By these methods, I have pursued
the plan which I formerly pointed
out to you, and for which I had
the Satisfaction to receive the strongest
assurances of your vigorous fupport.
What other power can object to
proceedings so absolutely necessary re
our own defence and security? ^ly
good brother, the king of Spain Sees
with concern these differences, and
the part which he generously takes in
the common welfare of Europe, makes
him earnestly wish the preservation of
the publick tranquilliry. He has alSo
given assurances, that he will continue
in the Same pacific sentiments.
In pursuing these great ends, l
make no doubt of the vigorous and
chearsul support of my parliament ;
and that whilst I am engaged in this
just and national cause, the affectionate
assurances which they gave me
the last session, will be effectually
made gond. In consequence thereof
I have greatly increased my naval
armaments, augmented my land forces
in such a manner as might be she
least burthenfome, and have concluded
a treaty with the empress as
Russia, and another with the Landgrave
oS Hesse Cassell, which shall be aid
before you.
Gentlemen of the House of Commas-
I have ordered the proper oshcets
to lav before you estimates for the Service
of the enSning yeas. and ^likewife
accounts of the extraordinary
expences

^Y N O V E ^
etpences which have heen made this
year, in pursuance of the power given
me by parliament. I see with
great concern, that the necessary
Services heSore mentioned will require
large Supplies. I ask only such as
Shall he requisite for the effectual
carrying on of. those measure, which
shall he necessary to support what
has been begun, according to your
inclination, for the Security of my
kingdoms and deminions, and for the
purposes which have been already
mentioned to yon. Whatever you grant
shall, with the strictest ^economy, be
applied to those uses only for which it
shall he given.
My Lord and Gentlemen.
I rely upon your duty and good
affections, which I have so often
experienced. There never was a situation
in which my honour and the
essential interests us Grear Britain,
called more strongly for your zeal, unanimity,
and dispatch.
The humble Addeefs ^ the Rt. Hon, the
Lords Spiritual and Temporal in
Parliament assembled
lslost Gracious Sovereign.
^UUE, your Majesty's most dutiful
l l and loyal Subjects, the lords
Spiritual and temporal, in parliament
assembled, humbly beg leave to return
your maiesty our unfeigned thanks
for your molt gracious Speech from the
thlOnCa t^ ^Oir^liD^luoti id ' be^ ' ' i
majesty's paternal regard for
the weifaye and prosperity of your
people, which has been So conSpiclious
on all occasions, has in this
pineal conjuncture been demoncrated
by your majesty's earnest de-
Sl^e to preserve them from the calamities
of war, and by your royal
firmness, in not yielding to any terms
^ i^commodation that were not readable
and honourable.
When
lance of the British poSfeSsions and
^hts in America, to the commerce
^oL. K.
and well-being of theSe kingdoms; we
cannot but reflect with concern; as
well as reSentment, that in a time of
full peace, and contrary to the faith
of the most solemn treaties, so many
encroachments should have heen committed
on the part of France. Nothing
can exceed our surprize at such
conduct, but our gratitude to your
majesty for fo powerfully exerting
your rayal care to protect vonr
colonies from Such invasions and insults,
and to redress those encroachments
which had heen so unjustly
made.
If any power could he so much miS^
taken, as to imagine that yonr majesty,
or your parliament, would remain
unactive Spectators of such unprovoked
hostilities, they must before now
have been convinced of their error,
We thankfully acknowledge yout
majesty's wisdem and goodness, inencreasingyour
maritime armaments with
fo great application and expedition,
and in augmenting your land forces
with so much regard to the ease of
your people; wlulst you were providing
for their safety ; and in having,
at the fame time, generously given encouragement
to that great body of
your majesty's brave and faithful sub-
-lects, with which your American prcryincea
happily abound; to exert their
Strength on this important occasion, as
their duty, interest, and common
danger oblige, and strongly call upon
them to do.
Your majesty has Sufficiently shewn
that no motives of ambition, or of fomenting
new troubles, halve been the
grounds of your conduct. Your prudence
and magnanimity have been manifested
to all the world, by your evident
disposition to prevent a general
war from breaking out in Europe, and
by confining your views and operations
to those salutary and necessary ends,
which your maieSty has been graciously
pleased to declare to us.
It is with pleasure we obServe the
pacific declarations of his Catholic majesty,
which are So agreeable- to the
^ F amity

4^^ M A G A 2 1 N E nfMAGA^lNE^
amity and good correspondence Subsisting
between the two crowns, and to
the general welfare of Europe-
We should fall short of that dury
which we owe to your majesty and our
country, if we did not, with the greatest
sincerity and chearfulneSs, promise
your majesty our most zealous and vigorous
concurrence and assistance in
this just and national cauSe. Nothing
shall be wanting, on our part, to
make good those Solemn asfuranCea
which were given to your majesty by
vonr parliament in their last Session.
We look upon ourselves as obliged
by the strongest ties oS duty, gratitude,
and honour, to stand by and
Support your majesty in all Such wife
and necessary meaSures and engagements,
as your majesty may have
taken in vindication oS the rights oS
yonr crown; lor to deSeat any attempt
which may he made by France,
in resentment Sor Such meaSures; and
to aSsist your majesty in disappointing
or repelling all Such enterprizes as may
be Sormed, not only against your kingdoms,
but also against any other
of your dominions, altbo' not helonging
to the crown of Great Britain; in
ease they should he attacked on account
of tbe part which your majesty has
taken for maintaining the essential interests
of your kingdoms.
Animated with theSe great and interesting
considerations, we beg leave,
from the bottom of our hearts, to assure
your majesty, of our inviolable duty
and affection to yonr sacred per-
Son; and that we look upon the
preservation of your majesty's government,
and of the Protestant succession
in your royal house, as the only
Security, under God, of our religion
and liberties. If there arc any who
have vainly flatter' d themselves, that
menacing appearance or preparations
could deter us from faithfully and vigorously
acting up to those principles,
our unshaken conduct shall demonstrate
how much they have been
deceived • and that though we are
far from desiring to injure or molest
any of our neighbours, we are ready
to sacrisice our lives and fortunes
in the defence of your majesty, and of
the possessions, commerce, and just
rights of Great Britain.
His Majesty's most gracious Au/wcr.
My Lords,
Give you rny hearty thanks for ibis
very auisfu/ and astectionate acideeji,
Isee, with the greatest saiisue^ion, the zead
you express for my person and government,
and for the true interest of your country,
which / am determined to adhere to. The
asturances you give me for thedesence of ay
territories abroad, are a strong proof of
your affection to me. and regard ser ay
honour. Nothing fhall divert me seons
persuing those measures which may ested?raally
maintain she po^estions and rights of
my kingdoms and procure reastnahse and
honourable terms of accommodation-
The Humhle Aa^efs of the House of Commons
to the King-
Mest Gracious Sovereign,
'^IE, your majesty's most dutiful
^ and loyal Subjects, the Commons
of Great Britain, in parliament
aSSembled, beg leave to return yonr
majesty our humble thanks for yonr
most gracious Speech Srom the throne ;
and to congratulate your majesty uprn
your saSe and happy return into thefe
kingdoms.
With hearts SulI oS gratitude we
offer Co your majesty our dutiful acknowledgments
sor your paternal care
and endeavours to preferve to yonr
people, the blessings oS peace ; aao
when terms consistent with the true
interest oS this kingdom could not
he obtained, Sor the great expedition
with which your majesty caule^
your naval force to he got ready ; ants
the magnanimity and resolution yo^
male sty has shewn, at the hazard of altevents,
to defend the British dommionsm
America, not only encroached upon,
but openly attacked, by the ^enc^
in a time of full peace, and further
threatened and endangered by a las^
embarkation of troops from E^opr^

We are truly Sensible of your majesty's
great wifdom and moderation,
in being desirous, though
So highly provoked, to listen to a
reasonable accommodation ; and in
endeavouring to avoid the calamities
oS a general war, by confining your
operations to measures necessary for
defence ; a conduct, which must demonstrate
to the other powers of
Furope, the uprightness of your
majesty's intentions, and convince
them, that your majesty is not the
pressor-
's he king of Spain's generous concern
for the common welfare of
Furope, and the assurances he has
^iyen your majesty of his desire to
preserve the public tranquility, give
its the greatest Satisfaction.
We beg leave to assure your majesty,
that your dutiSul and Saithful
commons will vigorously and chearsaily
support your majesty in all such
nile and necessary measures and engagements,
as your majesty may have
taken, to vindicate the just rights
and possessions of your crown, and
to guard against any attempts which
stance may make, on account of
your majesty's not having submitted
to her unjustifiable encroachments ;
and tls at wc think ourselves bound
m justice and gratitude to assist your
majesty against all ^insults and attacks,
that may he made upon any of
vour majesty's dominions, though
tint belonging to the crown of Great-
^ltam, in resentment of the part
lout majesty has taken in a caufe,
herein the interest of this kingdom
^e immediately, and so essentially
^maerned.
^e are humbly thankful to your
^sesty, for your tender care in dieting
the necessary augmentation
^ your land forccs to he made in
me manner the least burthenSome to
7mtr people.
e^e assure your majesty, that vour
ltatul commons will grant your
fiesta inch supplies as shall be
^ad necessary in this great con-
4ii
juncture; and that we will, in all our
deliberation S, manifest to the world,
that we have Sincerely at heart the
honour of our king, the support of his
government, and the true interest of
this country.
His Majesty's most gracious Answer.
Gentlemen,
S Thank you ser this dutise/ and loyal
nddiess, you may he assured, altho' 1
wssh sor nothing more than a sufe and
honourable accommodation, lam determined
fo profect and maintain the valuable
and undeuhfed rights and passions of nay
crown. ^
Your astrirances, that you will astrst me
in the defence of my foreign dominions, if
they should be attacked, on account of the
measures 1 am pursuing ser the trreeu interest
of these kingdoms, are such proof of
your astection to me, and of your regard
to my bonour, as give me the g.eatrsi
suti'ofaction.
S I R,
f ^ E private Politicians, as we contribute
our Share of fbe pub/ick Ex-
Pences, think we have a Right upon seme
Occasions to speak our Minds in a moaest
Way ; if therefere, you jange fhe sellowine
imperfect Propositi to he at all seasonable,
or of any (sse, you are r equested to
register it in your most useful W ork.
I am, &c.
PiiiLO-PATRi.^.
Sketch of an Act see the Defence of the
British Colonics in North- America.
HEREAS the present exigency
y I requires the strictest union between
the several British colonies in
North-America sor their common defence,
be it enacted, That the governors,
councils, general assemblies.
and all other persons within those
colonies, shall, for the space of - - -
years from the time of polling this
?ct, he in all things subject to the
orders of one captain and governorgeneral,
tys be commissioned by his
majesty

412 MAGA21NE
majesty in council ; and this under disposal of the refpective governments
the penalty of forfeiting their go- of such colony, any thing in this
vernments, offices, places, privileges, act to the contrary nOtwithstandand
charters, during his majesty's ing.
pleasure. This act to be in force for - - -
And whereas the present necessity years, and to the end of the next Sefof
raising a sufficient army for tbe sion of parliament,
defence of the said colonies is so
very urgent, as not to admit of T^esusall-pox not communicable at St.
time for the calling their several af- Helena.
femblies, and tbeir agreeing among
themselves upon the refpective quotas S IR,
and proportions of men and monies | T has, I think, been generally henecessary
towards the Said armament, ^ sieved by the most eminent nabe
it Sarther enacted, That the co- turalists and physicians, that the
Iony commonly called - - - - constitution of the air is very iashall
forthwith raife, and compleatly strumental either in promoting or
furnish with all necessary arms, stores, preventing contagious diSeaSes ; and
ammunitions, provisions, and artille- the truth of this opinion is greatly
ry, a hody of - - - - men, officers confirmed by a circumstance which
included ; the colony commonly called is not generally known, and which is
- - - - a body of - - - - [and not, I believe, mention'^ by any au-
So on for each colony] making in thor who has written on the Subject
the whole an army of - - - thou- The inhabitans of the island of
Sand men, to be under the com- St. Helena are utterly unacquainted
mand and direction of the faid cap- with the fmall-pox, and while they
tain and governor-general, any law, continue there appear not to he
custom, charter, or privilege to the susceptible of the infection. I^e
contrary notwithstanding. cloaths of thofe who have had shit
Provided, nevertheless. that iS the disease at sea have been washed there
regulation above recited shall, upon without any bad conSequence, though
humble representation made to his the washing infected cloaths iatt^
majesty in council, he made appear duced a very fatal kind among ike
to he in any refpect grievous or Hottentors, at the cape of Good
•unequal, with regard to any of the Hope, as Dr. Mead has remarked
faid colonies. it shall he lawful for in his discourse on the fmall-po^ ^
bis majesty to order Such alterations But the natives of St. Helena ate
to he made therein as to his ma- very subject to the Small-pot upoa
jesty shall seem meet, provided that their removal to England and other
till his majesty shall direct any alter- countries ; and I am informed hy a
ation, the Said regulation be com- person who resided long there, that
ply'd with, even by such colony as a ship which sailed from thence to
may think itself aggrieved. Bencoolen with the Smaller on
Provided also, that over and above board, heought a most dangerous ^
the refpective quotas of men and section thither, tho' she had ^
monies to be raised, by virtue of none behind her at St. Helena.
this act for a general and principal should be glad to have the opiate
army, it shall be lawful for all the of Some of your correspondents upon
Said colonies to raife whatever men this Subject who have had opprrtuand
money they shall judge neceffa- niticS of farther enquiry, that
ry for the defence and fafery of ^ ^
Such colony, to be entirely at the Sir, yours, ^c. J

I^r N O V E M ^ E R , ^
Br. Gilbert's Experiments, in Confir- trary, the acid Salts of terrestrial bomation
of Dr. Pringle's, concerning dies accelerate and increaSe it. If
the Putrefaction of Animal Bodies. the application were to be made to
human bodies, 'tis likely some con-
N ounce of veal exposed to the sequences might be drawn, which
A open air, having begun to would point out the moderate use
Smell a little potrid at the end oS oS testaceous acids in ardent Severs ;
eight days, he took off the bad tho' 'tis possible, that the action of
Scent by pouring on it a dram of animal bodies may produce at the
Spirit of hartshorn, and when it fmelt fame time contrary effects.
amiss two days afterwards, he made
it Sweet again by dipping it in the Some Observations on the L^e of the
Same Spirit.
Wbitepine, commonly known in ^ur
A dram oS the Same putrihed flesh A^urseries by the A a me of the Wey-
lost its stink by Sprinkling on it five moutb-pine.
grains oS volatile sal armoniac. The
Salt rendered it drier and harder, S I R,
and it kept Sresh fifteen days lon- bas bern frequently said (to the
^t - | diseouragemcnt ^ of . planting) what
A Scruple os Spirit oS hartshorn, are we doing in raising So many
and a dram os volatile Sal armoniac, uSeleSs Soreign trees ? iS So many
put Separately into an ounce oS blood oaks stood in their places, in proceSs
which was beginning to putrefy, oS time they would be of real benelook
off the ill fcent, which could fit to the nation.
not he perceived again till two days Not considering that ships must have
ester. masts (and other trees for their uses)
Having mixed a Scruple of crabs- or perhaps not knowing that the
eyes uncalcined with two drams of present nobility and gentry are culfresh
bile, it began to fmell putrid tivating the mast-tree with as much
in four days ; but tbe fame quanri- ardour as if they saw its future ufe,
ty oS Sresh bile, and two other drams under the names of the Weymoutbmixed
in with the like quantiry of pine, Five-leafed, or New England
water, withstood the putrefaction fe- pine,— This is known there bv the
veral stays longer, tho' these expe- name of the White-pine, or Masttime
nta were made in the fame ing-pine.— Dr. Douglas, in his acchamber,
and with the fame de- count of New Hampshire, describes
gree of beat.
it—Pinui exce^or cortice /evr', split's
l wo Scruples of falt-petre being quinis angustis perpeluis ex eodim exorlu.
mixed with half an ounce of pu- coais iongioribus.
trid blood, the colour hecame deep- As this stately tree exceeds all
er, and the stench was much in- others in height, it may be justly
creased, which afterwards abated, stiled the king oS the woods ; Sor
when at the end of thirty-six hours its towering head is seen Srora aSar
Some Spirit oS falt-petre was drop- overlooking all other trees, arriving
ed into the blood, which presently to near 1 5o feet in height, and from
brought on the putresaction anew. three to Seven feet diameter.
I he like experiment was tried with As the Doctor's book may be but
putrihed flesh with the like success. in few hands, the further account
TheSe several experiments Seem to he gives of this useful tree may noc
concur in strengthening Dr. Pringle's be unacceptable to those of your resparadoxical
proposition, that volatile ders who do or would promote it^
alkaline salts do diminish and resist cultivation in this island.
putrefaction, and that on the co,n- Neat

^ ^ MAG A 212 of M.AGA21NE^
' Near Merimack river, a little bodies, even without the assistance
< above Dunstable, was cut a white- of electricity, suspended to hairs a
' pine or masting-pine, streight and kind of very slender needles, each
' found, feven feet eight inches about a foot long, formed out of
' diameter at the butt end.' various substances, as paper, parch-
The commissioners of the navy ment, leather, wood, and iron ; and
seldom contract for any exceeding then presented to their points sucinches
diameter at the butt and cessively, at two or three lines diSthoSe
to be so many yards in length tance, divers other substances which
as they are inches in diameter at were nearest at hand, and found
the butt end. that all of them without exception
Besides the use of the White- were attracted or repelled in the
pine sor masts, it is much employ- fpace of five or six seconds. M.
ed in framing houses, and in join- Reamur, to whom he related his
erS work. Scarce any of this tree experiments, communicated them to
is found South of New England, the academy, who judged them
hut from thence along that coast ; worthy of being repeated by father
it also grows in Newfoundland. Bertier himself in vacuo, which was
In joiners work it is of a good grain, done accordingly, with the Same Sucfoit,
and easily wrought, cefs. When a glaSs tube of two
The best white-pine is from the lines in thicknefs was also fuspendupland,
thofe from Swamps and mar- ed and constantly attracted. The
fhes are apt to shake and shiver on the fame experiments were again reite-
Iealt violence. rated in open air, in the prefence
From its northern place of growth of Mess Bouguer and le Roy, the
it is very hardy and endures all former of whom advised father Berweathers,
but when planted in ex- tier to increase his needles consipoled
places, it should he in large derably in bulk, without altering
clumps, or else Surrounded with plan- their length ; the consequence was
tatio.as of Scotch pines or firrs, to , that they were far more Sorcibly atbreak
the violence of the winds, tracted and Repelled than the former ;
which may check their growth with nor did the interposition of a glala
us ; for in their native country, plate very sensibly diminish the effect
they grow in great woods, where Father Bertier even found, that
they mutually Screen each other, when he stood at one or two SeeC
which, with the Sertility of the soil, is distance from the close glass receiver,
the principal means of their attain- in which he bad included his neeing
to So vast an height, dies, to seeure them Srom the agita-
Sf this little essay to encourage tion of the air, they would approach
planting, by sheaving the ufe oS the towards him in about ten or twelve
exotic trees now cultivated, is ac- Seconds, though not So briskly as toceptable,
Some further remarks may wards bodies which were placed
be expected Sor your next. F. C. within the receiver. In one trial.
when Mess Buache and Guetard
New Discoveries concerning Attraction were preSent, the former proposed
and Repulsion. to present a large roll of sighted
paper to the needles within the res
T^Ather Bertier, a correspondent of reiver ; which done, all the needles,
I^ the Royal Academy of Sciences, even the iron one, which had his
having the curiosity to try if there therto been the most insensible,
were not a mutual and Sensible at- pointed instantly towards the flame l
traction or repulsion in all terrestrial which Seems to prove, that all theS^
attractions

N O V E ^
attractions and repulsions are of an
electrical nature- It might perhaps
he worth while to examine if needles
thus sufpended do not affect a
constant direction to some particular
part of the world, and this is
what father Bertier recommends to
the examination of the curious.
S 1 R,
^Here are fit'// many people who doubt
the existence of tbe Mermaid, and
perhaps with good reason, yet id/ natural
historians deliver it as a fact, and the
many relations of navigators of credit
should not be wholly disregarded. I heg
^ave to give you a rtbition that I lately
met with in a very scarce pamphlet, intided,
A Discourse and Discovery of
Newfoundland, by Captain Richard
Whitbourne. London, 1622.
1 am Yours, &c. P. C.
Curious Account of a Merman or Mermaid.
" ^LOW also I will not omit to
L al relate something of a strange
creature which I first law here in
the year i6io. In tbe morning early,
as I was standing by the river's
side in the harbour of St. Johns,
in Newfoundland, a surprising creature
came very lwiftly suvimming towards
me, looking chearfully on my
face it was like a Woman by the
sace., eyes, nose, mouth, chin, ears.
neck, and forehead ; it seemed to
he as beautiful, and in thole parts,
as well proportioned. Round the
head it had many blue streaks, relembling
hair, hot certainly it was
not hair. Yet I beheld it long, and
another of my company also, yet
heing, that was near rne. At its
^proach l stepped back, for it was
come within the length of a long
pike of me, supposing it would have
fpmng on fand ^0 me ; for l had
^ huge whales, and other great
bsh Spring a ^reat height above water,
and So might this strange creat
e do to me if I had stood stili
where I was ; by its actions I verily
believe it had such a purpose ; but
when it saw that I went from it,
it did thereupon dive a little under
water, and fwam towards the place,
where a little before l had landed,
often looking back towards me,
whereby I beheld the shoulders and
back down to the middle, to be
fo square, white, and Smooth as the
back of a man, and from the middle
to the hinder part it was pointing,
in proportion something like a
broad hooked arrow. How it was
in the Sore part, from the neck and
shoulders downwards l could not well
difcern.-
It came shortly after to a beat
in the same harbour (wherein was
my servant, Wm. Hawkridge, since
captain of a ship to the East-Indies).
This creature put both its hands
upon tbe fide of the beoat, and did
strive much to come into him and
divers others then in the said boas.
whereat they were afraid, and one
of them struck it a full blow on
the head, whereby it sell off from
them ; but afterwards it came to
two other boats in the said harbour :
as they lay near the shore, the men
in them sor fear fled to land and beheld
it,
This, I suppose, was a Merman.
or Mermaid. As there are others
that have written of these creatures,
l have presumed to relate what l have
seen, and is most certainly true.
RlCHAED WmtaoURNE.
On VlRTUE and public LovE.
r^ff^HE ravages of time, the ruins
.I oS cities, the deSolation oS
countries, the tyranny oS Kings,
the Solly and iniquity oS Subject, in
Selling themSelves like heasts to the
slaughter, with all the effects of arbitrary
power, must, in a serious
mind, draw reflections on the uncertainty
of human affairs. By tracing
these events as near as possible to
their

their source, the heart will he lifted
up to the great author of nature, and
adapt a consistent principle concerning
the general law of' his moral
government, by observing how vice
is ever productive of misery. Though
the dispensations of his providence
are oftentimes incomprehensible, yet
this ought not to weaken a steady
perSuasion, that virtue is in every
region, and under every government
acceptable to him ; < That what he
delights in must be happy,' however
the face of things may appear.
And to check every fond presumption
of independency, though we
gralp the fleeting momenta, it is
but as to-morrow, when a curtain
will he drawn over all the glories.
as well as the miseries of this world.
In the mean time, whatever our station
here be ; whether we enjoy a
profusion or mediocriry in the gifts
of fortune, we are travelling to another
country, Our noblest science,
our highest accomplishment, our supreme
felicity, is the knowledge and
observance of fhat compels, whose
needle points to our proper home;
to those regions, where millions of
blessed spirits inhabit ; wbere the
eye will be Satisfied with feeing,
the understanding with knowledge,
and the heart with delights, of
which this world can give but faint
ideas.
Whether hackneyed in pacha of
gain or ambition ; on pursuing the
delights of a philosophic and religious
turn of thought ; life still ebbs
out much faster than we can easily
discover, or deal fairly enough with
ourselves to acknowledge. But a
day, an hour, employed in the exercise
of reafon and the practice of
religion, is, upon the whole, preferable
to an age wasted In soolifh
pursuits which rise no higher than
this world.
The Soul is ever active : Thi a world
is its Scene, as prelude to the next ;
some ruling principle will always
possess and lead us on to action.
MAG A21N^ of MAGA21NE^
To be idle and to be happy is a
contradiction : But, however employed
he has no mean lot who glides
through life in tranquil silence, though
unobserved. Perhaps he is one of
the most happy of men ; but all are
not capable of this felicity.
We cannot reflect too often, that
< True self-love and Social are the
same ;' yet, considering man as unity
self must, and ought to predominate.
That is best sor him which is
most productive of his particular
happiness, with respect to Che scene
in which he takes his part ; and is
which he ia best qualified to ad
with dignity, and with a due regard
to hoth worlds. We are happy only
when we are employed, and when
some particular object governs she
lesser passions and desires. The wile
author of nature certainly intended
that this object should he himself,
and that ail the various connections
of our animal, our focisl.
or intellectual nature should ultimately
terminate in him, and he subServient
to this end. Here shea let
our enquiry rest : And, since every
elay beings eternity the nearer, the
contemplation of that eternity ou^ie
in all reason to increase, as our hours
are fleeting away.
Virtue is the only stable foundation
on which the happmeSs of a
private man, a family, or nation,
can be built. The experience ot
ail ages proves, that every refinement,
foreign to this motive, must
ultimately terminate in ruin- Vd^
may, indeed, reign in a nation sot'
a season ; but the supreme Governor
of the world will vindicate his anthority
: And, though this does not
always happen in the short compass
as human hfe, yer national vices
have been ever corrected by aacional
calamities ; and, I presume, evet
will be so. It can nor pessshly
be otherwise in the nature of things >
for, if there he a God who governs
the world, religion mult, wish re-
Spect to men, be the rule as that
government-

a^r N O ^ F M ^ F R, 1 ^ . 4 ^
government. The coercive power whilst onr freedom of with-hulding
of human legislatures can no more our assistance, in support of the
support a state without the superior common-wealth, might, by our actlaw
oS religion, than due order can ing contrary to the apparent design^
he maintained where the judge is of Providence, prepare an caster way
as corrupt as the criminal, or the to their conquest, if we did not
father as vicious as bis offending fall by our own hands. In propor-
Son. The history of the world tion to the disobedience of laws,
proves this assertion, and l believe diyine or human, by the observance
it is generally found true, that some os which the constitution has been
evils which happen to the body so long and so bappily supported.
politic, have a great analogy with it must tend to its dissolution ; for
wounds in the natural body ; that the contrary of that which set it
it, that they prove extremely diffi- up, must throw it down again. I
cult to cure when the habit is bad, think nothing can be more demonthough
they might otherwise be strable than this ; if libertinism bo
very easily healed. carried to a certain degree, the co-
True politics are undoubtedly built erciVe power must become arbitrary
on true religion t A nation long ac- in the rigid SenSe of the word. A
customed to he governed by laws nation that has not virtue enough
Sounded in reason, and a defence of to he ruled by the laws of reason.
the rights of mankind, cannot sub- must submit to military force, as in
mit to any other, without the con- now the case of much the greatest
vulsive pangs of expiring liberty, part of the world. Thus liberty
flet it is as eafy to conceive that ceases. and when that is gone, it in
any state may be dissolved by the no impropriety to fay the nation in
immorality os the people, as that undone. Has ever So formidable a
there are countries, which, having stare as this fallen but under tho
once been free, now groan under weight of its own vices ? Great
the weight of arbitrary power. Let monarchies have bern dissolved onthe
miseries of such countries he ly by great corruption and civil diftruly
known, and a free nation will cord ; so that the Almighty has
tremble at every act of injustice that certainly annexed temporal felicities
may produce them. What avails to nations, as well as eternal rethe
Superiority of the constitution as wards to men, in consequence of
this kingdom, if the virtue on which their virtue.
it is founded does not continue to This nation, I hope, will contiseppott
its influence ? The notion of nue great and happy, till time shall
liberty would only serve to delude end his reign ; but if the infcrtita-
HS with an imaginary phantom ; the ble wisdom oS Providence has orreal
excellency oS it must he con- dained the period oS British happitiected,
with the hearts and minds noss to draw to an end, by any rule
os the people corresponding with the of his government, of which wee
' their knowledge and riches have no experience, we must fub^
. g the only means subservient to mit to the decrees of Heaven : But
its Suppoyt. as it will ever be in our power, I
svere we to lose onr virtue, in am Sure it ought to be in our choice.
rhe strictest Sense, we must loSe our to welcome an honourable death
^rty alfa' Tbe arbitrary power rather than inglorious chains. If
^ ch prevails in some other nation, we do fall, our hearts ought to
^'ould he a compulsive means of bleed as victims to liberty and vitemploying
their strength to our ruin ; rue.
^ ' a ^ ^ G T ^

^ M A G A ^ 1 N 1
The name of a free state has
something divine lodged in it: Whilst
every one is solicitous to preserve
every one, they perform the office
of a guardian angel. On the other
hand, where public spirit ceases to
prevail in the minds of a people ;
how can they long subfist in that
state without arbitrary power? The
notion of a public spirit cannot be
confined ; its object is ages past
and it looks forward to the verge
of time. We have no cerraintv how
long the world will last, and little
can we presume on the existence of
a particular nation, however wife the
government of it may he: But how
much greater is the probability of
that existence than of the duration
of any particular man's life ? Man,
as- considered Separate from the community,
is, in the most emphatical
sense ' A thing of nought, his time
passes away like a shadow; but,
with regard to the duties of society,
he not only exists as long as
time, but is partaker of a glorious
immortality.
What constitutes the greatness or
goodness of a man, but his regard
to che Society Or why is a Prince
Called good, and his people ready to
offer chemSelves as victims for his
Safety, but as he honours, loves, and
respects the community of which he
professes to he the guardian ?
The present and suture happiness
as individuals, as well as the felicity
of the state, are all intimately
dependent on each other. True politeness
is but humanity refined,
which ultimately centers in charity;
public love is but the fame charity
adapted to the dignity and prosperity
of" the community of which we
are members. A free government is
'moreover the state of nature, with regard
to the equality of men and their
common rights: Public love cannot
be Separated from the idea of such a
state ; and, as the notion of this love
implies a defire of the virtue and
serrporal felicity of men, it is analo-
gous to that charity which the Almighty
has appointed as the great
rule of conduct, and without which
he has given mankind no reason to
expect eternal happiness.
The liberty sor which we pretend
to he ready to die, necessarily includes
the love of posterity; but
an immoderate tenderness of ourselves,
on the narrow principle of a
vicious self-love, is injurious to posterity,
Upon this narrow principle
it is, that we do not consent to a
fmall change of our manner of life,
that would .enable us to support the
state in greater safety, reputation, and
fplendor. . Without a Submission to
Some acts of self-denial, we can neither
he politically nor morally virtuous
; we cannot support such an
eouality of strength, nor such a coafistency
of conduct, as are essential
to the maintenance of fo admirable
a constitution as ours ; nor be enabled
to guard against the over-hearing
insolence and superior numhets
of our enemies. It must needs he
that either we are not aware of the
end of the course we run, or we
do nor mean what we say, when
we talk of spilling our blood in she
cause of liberty. If the former, ae
only want consideration: If she latter,
we want every thing for which
life ought to be desirable.
It is a very familiar, but no lose
just thought, which we find in a
late celebrated writer, in allusion to
the present state of things in this
island. There has heen a time ot
much greater danger than the pte-
Sent ; yet if we consider what she
ordinary consequences of human ac"
tions are, and by what means nations,
yet more formidable than this.
have come to ruin, we shall under^
Stand the force of what the author
has remarked; ' From the rail"
series of the Romans,' ^ays l^
Middleton in his life of Cicero) ^
the barbariry and misery of out ^
stand, one cannot help reflecting^
the Surprising fate and revulut^

N O V E M
kingdoms : How Rome, once the
^listress of the world, the feat of
arts, empire, and glory, now lies
Sunk in sloth, ignorance, and pc^yerty;
enslaved to the most crnei,
as well as the most contemptible of
tyrants, superstition, and religious
Imposture ; whilst this remote country,
anciently the jest and contempt
or the polite Romans, is become the
happy feat of liberty,' plenty, and
letters, flourishing in all the arts and
tefinerments of civil life ; yet running
perhaps the same course, which
llome itSelf had run before it, from
virinous industry to 'wealth, from
wealth to luxury, from luxury to an
impatience of discipline and corrnption
of morals ; till, by a total degeneracy
and loSS of virtue, being
grown ripe for destruction, it falls a
prey at last to Some hardy oppressor
; aad, with the loSs of liberty,
lasing every thing else that is valuable,
siaks gradually again into its
original barbariSm.'
Human nature heing ever the
Same, to form a just idea of things,
we must trace them to their source.
^elS-preiervation is the first and
strongest law in natnre. What is
cur dury in obedience to this law ?
We know that a nation is composed
of many individuals, who have
one common interest, that the different
ranks, employments, and circumstances
of a people, are only
means essential to the support of the
pebkc ; and that every condition of
lise has its pecuhat happinefs as well
as- misery. Providence has been indulgent
to us all ; do we move on
this great plan, and according to the
orders of that providence ? Do we
not rather vie with each other, not
^sho shall be wisest, tut who shall
excel most in vanities and expenfive
lolhes ; and, thus deviating from the
great principle laid down, at least,
prepare a way for ruin ^
^ E R, 4i^
TO fhe PROPRIETORS of fhe MAGA-
ZINE of M.SGttZl^ES,
GENTLEMEN,
Among fhe various Topics diseastd in
your entertaining Miscellany, I do
not remernher io have seen any Attempt
to point out the true Reward ofan
Hero ; I have, therefore, sent
y^ni the following Observations on that
Subject, and hope they end/ he honoured
with a Place in your M rgazine.
Four's, &c. A. A.
H E N a hero has faithfully
y served his country, and defeated
all its enemies, what reward does
he receive for all his toils and virtues
? The rank he has attained to
is part of it ; but this very rank
Subjects him to new difficulties. It
will, perhaps, be Said, that his name
transmitted to postering, his actions
immortalised, and the eulogies of all
ages bestowed upon his memory, must,
Surely, be a Sufficient recompence.
To make the world talk of us
when we are in the grave, and thus,
if I may he allowed the expression,
to .survive ourselves, is a kind of
madness, whole origin can hardly
he aseertained. Those monstrous pyramids,
whose states the most learned
antiquaries can hardly fix, were
built by Princes intoxicated with
this passion ; but its antiquity docs
not render it more respoctable in the
eyes of judicious men ; and it is
very certain, that it was great weaknets
in heroes to he twayed by it.
Let us examine this ridiculous advantage,
So mightily extolled by the
poets ; let us, for a moment, give
it the name with which they have
decorated it, and then inquire whether
it justly merits the fide.
When once death, by Seperating
the Soul from the hody, returns the
latter to the mafs Srom whence it
was taken, the affairs oS the world
no longer personally concern us. A
just and merciful God, in assigning
as the rewards, or inflicting on us

4 ^
the punishments, he has decreed to
our obedience or disobedience to
his law, gives us up to pleasures
or pains of an incomprehensible duration,
the Sensation of which cannot
he interrupted. We have no
longer any thing to do with mortals
here below ; what they fay, or
what they think of us, is of no
importance , so that it is only while
we Jive that we are affected with
the pleasure of being praised, or the
shame of being blamed. Hence it
is evident, that the opinion of posterity
must needs be quite indifferent
to us.
It will perhaps be said, that the
desire of meriting the suffrages of
posterity is so powerful a Spur to
virtue, that to stigmatise it as rr^
foolish passion, is to lessen the morives
that prompt men to the performance
of worthy actions ; whereas
it were to be wished they could
possibly be increased. But this objection
will vanish, if w^ obSerye in
what light a man of solid sense views
the approbation of posterity. Every
virtuous man wild tell you, he
has no greater pleaSure, in doing a
virtuous action, than that of performing
it ; and is sufficiently re- .
warded sor it by the comfort another
has received from him, and by
the idea which the unfortunate person
he has relieved entertains of hirat
Imagining himself to be near the
sufferer, he hears the thanks he returns
him, he beholds his satisa action,
and enio's his pleaSure and
gratitude. His imagination, at the
same time, presents to him the vereh'ct
which others would pass on bis
deed, if they knew it ; and thus
inSensibly, it makes him consider the
act as known and applauded by all
the world, and envoys, in idea, the
praise he is inticled to by the action.
The hero's idea of posterity is
iust the fame ; he is satisfied that
his name will be transmitted, and
anticipates, in imagination, the pleasure
os being eetsoSicd by fat .re ge-.
M A G A 2 1 N E ofMAGA21NE^
nerations. But he considers theit
praises as the consequence of their
actions, and is very far from thinking
that the hopes os attaining them
was the motive that produced the
performance. His motive was the
good of the public, and the advantage
of his Sovereign ; and the Satisfaction
of" having merited the love
of his people and. the esteem of his
master a Sufficient recompence ; but,
should malice or intrigue deprive him
of these pleasures, he would beat
their lofs with as much indifference,
as he would have enjoyed them with
pleasure.
What a mad fellow therefore must
Alexander have heen, to run about
the world, burning and ravaging as
far as the Gange-, exposing hiniself
a thousand times to death ; and with
no other view than to hinder mankind
from forgetting that there was
once such a man as Alexander e
Who can forbear smiling, when he
reads of his being up to the chin
in Water, struggling hard against the
current of" a river, and on the point
of being drowned, and only regretting
that the Athenians were not the
eye' witnesses of the dangers he braved,
to force them to talk of him 1 What.
but tranScendent madness, could induce
him to cause arms of a gigantic
sire to be forged and dispersed
about India, merely to make posterity
believe, that Alexander and his
Macedonians were not men of ordinary
stature ?
In effect, men are often rendered famous
among posterity by bad as well as
by good actions. That madman of
oid, who burnt the temple of Diana
at Lphesus, and that modern desperado,
who was tempted to Hing
himfelf, with the Pope and the Emperor,
from the top of the Rotunda,
will he as long rem embered by
posterity as ahertorlus and Marlborough.
Nor is glory transmitted.'^
estate^, in Succession to heirs : Lhe
lustre which a hero reflects on his
family, is no farther an honour to
thesUr

I^N O ^ E M ^
them, than as they know how to
maintain it by their own virtues ;
otherwise chat lustre becomes on
them au indeIiable stain. Caligula
and ^ero acquired an additional
mark of infamy by being the Son and
grandson of GermanicuS ; and Dolaitisn
had heen less hated, had he
not had such a brother as Titus.
^ince, then, glory is personal, we
may compare those who arc passionately
fond as that which consists
in the suffrages of posterity, to a
naan, who, enjoying at home a competent
fortune, Sacrifices the cafe and
comfort it procures him, in order to
purchase fine plantations in the Indies
; the fruits of which neither he
nor his children will ever enjoy.
A hero finds Some pleasure in
thinking that his children will pride
shemSelves in their deScerat; he anticipates,
in idea, the time when they
^ill take him for their model; and
from his own reputation estimates
theirs, and rejoices in the pleasing
reflection. For a true hero defires
iuch a succession of illustrious men,
that his oven name might he, as it
^ete, lost or forgotten in the crowd.
rinw many Kings, tho' really fathers
oS their Subjects, are not known
out of the country where they reigned?
^lay, how raanv are forgotten
even there? But were their virtues
therefore less rewarded ? By no means;
they laboured to render mankind
happy, and. their SucceSs was a lutheient
reward.
An Athenian orator reproached
choaian, before the people, for having
erected no trophy of his victors,
though he had been sorry years
Captain-general of the republic. To
^'hich Phocian calmly answered,
'Can it thou expect finer trophies
than so manv thousand citizens peacesflsly
interred, in the fepulchers of
taelr fathers, during my generalship?,
surely, these are trophies wor-
.y of an hero. Phocian, though
lie enjoyed sovereign power in the
t'tue war, maintained peace, which
E Ry i i ^ .
put him on a level with the ohseurest
of the commonwealth, because it
rendered the people happy.
But though the good of the pnblick,
is the chief aim of the hern .
and though the pleasure of proofing
it sufficiently rewards him for
his labour ; yet he Seldom fails of
the additional Satisfaction of gaining
the refpect and love of the preople^
the confidence of his sovereign, and
the esteem of his rivals.
To the PROPRIETORS of the Maoa-
ZiNE of MAOAZ1ICE5.
GENTLEMEN,
The curious Discoveries of fhe great Haller,
relating to Irritability, being of
the greatest Importance in the Art of
lleaiiing, 1 have sent you the fehe^ing
Extract from his Performance,
intifled, A Dissertation on the sensible
and irritable Parts of Animals
; together with an affempt to apply
his Discoveries to 1^-actice ; and
presume the LfesuSnelr of the Su^'e.^
wist he a susttclent lrieleCcment for y:,
to give it a P^aoe in your- ^fa^.esium,
Fours, &c.
f L E philosophy was confined
V V to hypotheSes, founded only ess
imaginary facts, this Science might be
considered as a downright Proreux,
putting on new forms almost every
day, because one fanciltal opinion ha^
always a right to Supplant another-.
Hence it happened, that nature remained
absolutely unknown. and the
best philosopher was only a man of
a tenacious memory, who had stuffed
it with chimeras of all those who
went before him, and either gave
the preference to fome particular
one, or rejected them altogether
to make room for his own. During
the last century, Some happy geniuses ,
she first oS whom we may reckon
the Lord Chancellor Bacon, discovered
the fallacy of this fort of philosophy.
They sound it absolutely
necessary to reject all chimerical non-
feme

422 Ta^e M A G A 2 1 N ^
senfe which pulsed by the name of
philosophy ; and they were Sensible
at the same time, that this fcience
was not to he created but studied.
That they must observe the phisnome^a,
which is natural history, and
experimental philosophy ; and enquire
into the causes of them; which is
rational philosophy , and properly understood,
is no more than observation,
but very accurate and extended.
This comprehends at once a
great number of phenomena, observes
what they have in common,
and how they are connected ; and,
not contented with the phenomena
themselves, it endeavours to penetrate
into the causes of them, to unravel
the properties of the matter which
produces them. to discover the principal
ones which serve as causes to
a great number of others, and which
may propetly enough be called ' the
keys of nature ;' for the knowledge
of them actually Solves a number of
facts, of which we did not discover
the reason he sore ; and a fact, of
which we are acquainted with the
cause, is a great deal more interesting
and useful than another It appears
very obvious. that this rational
philosophy cannot make such
rapid progress as natural history ;
but, in the mean time, it has advanced
from time to time. The
properties of the ais. the circulation
eyf the blood. and electriciry, which
were discovered in less than the Space
of a century, have thrown more
light upon philosophy than it had received
for two thousand years before,
and they have successively attracted
the attention of all the philosophers
in Europe. The great discovery of
the present age is Iaa1TAaiL1TY,
which I shall not pretend to fay
any thing in praise of, seeing its
celebrated author, for these twenry
years past, has favoured the public
with So many excellent performances,
and now this subject is become the
principal topic of all those who de-
of M A G A ^ f N ^ ^
voce themselves to the important-findy
of the animal ceconomy.
' I call, Says Dr. Haller, that part
of che human body itricable, which
becomes shorter upon heing couched;
very irritable if it contract^ upon a
flight touch, and the contrary if hy
a violent touch it contracts but little.
^ I cast that sensible part of the human
body, which, upon being touched,
transmits the impression of it in
the Soul ; and in brutes, in whom
the existence of the Soul is not Set
clear, I call those parts sensible, the;
irritation of which occasions evident
signs of pain and disquiet in the animal.
On the contrary I call that
insensible, which, being burnt, tore,
pricked, or cut till it is quite destroyed,
occasions no sign of pain or
convulsion, nor any sort of change
in the situation of the body For
it ia very well known, that an animal,
when it is in pain, endeavours
to remove the part that suffers from
the cause that hurts it ; draws hack
the leg if it is hurt, shakes the Skin
if it is pricked, and gives other evident
signs by which we know that it
suffers.
• We see that experiments only
can enable us to define what
os the human body are Sensible or
irritable, and what the physiologists
and physicians have said upon these
qualities without having made exp^
rtmentS, has heen the source of a
great many errors, both in this case
and in a number of others.
' The most simple parrs as ^
human body arc the nerves, arteriesveins,
the ftnaller vessels, membranes,
the muscular, tendinous, ligamentous'
and bony fibres, and the cellubr
membrane.
• The more compound parts ate
the muscles, tendons, ligament
bowels. glands, the great refers
excretory ducts, and the larger bloou
veffels. . . ^
• lim this by the by. Sor
l do not study accuracy, this ^

I^r N O V E M ^ E R, 1 ^ . 4 ^
oi-.ty a general list of the parts of the
human body.
• in order to discover which of
theSe parts are sensible, I made the
following experiments.
• l took living animals of different
ages, and, after laying bare
that part which I wanted to examine,
I waited till the animal ceased
tn Struggle or complain ; after which
1 irritated the part, by blowing,
heat, spirit of wine, the scalpel, lapis
infernalis, oil of vitriol, and butter
of antimony. I examined attentively,
whether, upon touching, cutting,
burning> or lacerating the part,
the animal seemed disquieted, made
a nnife, struggled, or pulled back
the wounded bmb, if the part was
convulsed, or if nothing of all this
happened. The repeated events of all
shefe experiments I marked down
Saithsully, whatever I found them to
he. For what, in fact, is it to me,
on which side nature decides the
question ? Nay, would it not be very
Soolish to hazard the reputation of a
faithful and accurate observer for
an imaginary fact, which the simplest
experiment would prove to be false
to any other anatomist, who should
chuscto repeat it?'
The ingenious author then proceeds
to relate the Several experiments
he made on animals, and enumerate
the Several ports which he found to
he Sensible, and also those which
he found, on the contrary, to he infensible.
The sensible ports are,
The brain, the nerves, viz. their
medulla, and the following parts, by
means of the nerves.
The skin, the muscles, the internal
membrane of the stomach, intestines,
and bladder, the ureters, the
hreast, the uterus, the vagina, the
^enis, the tongue, the teeth, the
eves, and especially the retina ; tunica
choroides, but less than the retina
; the heart, though not so much
^the other muscles.
The insensible parts are,
The cuticle, the cellular membrane.
the fat, the tendons, the membranes
that cover the viscera and articulations,
the mediastinum, omentum,
and mesentery ; the dura and pia mater,
the ligaments, the periosteum and
pericranium, the bones, the marrow,
the cornea and iris.
The arteries and veins are inSensible,
excepring those which are accompanied
with nerves, Such as the
carotid, the lingual, the temporal,
the pharyngal, the labial, the thyroidal,
and the aorta near the heart.
Tbe cornea, Havers's gland, and
the coats of the nerves are likewise
insensible.
Having thus determined the Sensible
and inSenfible parts of the human
body, the learned author, by similar
experiments, proceeded to examine
which of the parts were irritable,
and which were unirritable ; and the
results of his experiments were as follows
t
The irritable parts.
The heart, the mulcles, the diaphragm,
the cesoPhaguS, the stomach
and intestines, the lacteal vessels, the
thoracic duct, the bladder, the glands
and mucous sinuses in men, the ute-
rus and genitals, which last are endowed
with an irritability peculiar to
themselves.
The unirritable ports.
The nerves, the cuticle and the
skin, the memhranes, the arteries, the
veins, the cellular membrane, the
urethra, ureters, lungs, liver, Spleen.
dartos, and round ligaments of the
uterus, the tendons, ligaments, periosteum,
meninges of the brain, and
the iris.
The excretory ducts can scarcely
be called irritable, at least they require
a very strong irritation.
The following parts are both sensible
and irritable,
All thofe which have nerves and
muScular fibres; the muscles, the
heart, the whole alimentary CanaL
the

4^4 M A G A 2 1 1
the diaphragm, the bladder, the uterus.
the vagina and genitals-
Iusects are irritable and Sensible all
over-
< From these experiments, continues
this celebrated author, collected
together, it appears, that there
is nothing irritable in the animal
body but the muScular fibre, and that
the faculty of endeavouring to shorten
itself, when we touch it is proper
to this fibre. From the fame experiments
it likewise follows, that the
vital parts are the most irritable ;
the diophragm frequently moves after
all the other muscles have ceaSed,
the intestines and stomach move still
longer, and lastly the heart continues
its motions after all the orher
parts are quiet. This furnishes us
with a distinct character hetween the
vital organs and the others, via. the
first, heing extremely irritable, require
only a weak stimulus to put
them in motion, whereas the other
which are endowed with very little
irritability, are not to he moved but
by the determinations of the will,
or by very strong irtitations, the a prplication
of which is capable of producing
in them violent commotions,
known by the name of convulsions.
< I shall easily prove, that this
power of producing motion is different
from all other properties of
bodies. Elasticity, which seems to
have the molt resemblance to theother,
differs from it in this, that it
is proper to dry fibres, in which
state they are deprived of all irritability,
as easlly appears upon drying
a frog. Besides, elasticity is the property
of hard bodies, and irritability
of the softest. The polypus is so irritable,
that, though it has no eyes,
the^ light affects it very sensibly,
Gelatinous animals are extremely irritable,
but far from being elastic.
Dr. Whytt adds, that the motion of
the heart ceases, and is renewed
Spontaneously, which is not observed
in any elastic fibre ; and upon pricking
it with a needle you produce
E ofMAGA21NE^
no irritation in it. Dr. Battle has observed,
that irritability is Iefs considerable
in old Subjects than in youu^,
although the. fibres of the former are
more elastic than the latter.
' But the muScular fibres heing
compoSed of earthly particles and
gelatinous mucus, it may be alked
in which os these irritability resides.
It appears more probable to refide
in the latter, hecauSe this, when it
is 'pulled, endeavours to shorten it-
Self; whereas, on the contrary, dry
earth never changes its figure of itself,
and berng extremely brittle,
when its parts are separated, they
constantly remain so. This opining
is strengthened by observing, that
children, in whom the mucus predominates,
are much more irritable
than adults ; which is evidently proyed
from the quickness of their pulSe,
which vibrates one hundred and
forty times in a minute, whereas ia
old perfons the vibrations are not ahove
fixty or Sixty-five in the Same
Space of time. Farther, the molt
solid and earthly parts of our bodies
viz. the hones, teeth, and cartilages.
are void of irritability, and the most
irtitable perts are deprived of that
quality, onlv by robbing them ef
their mucus by drying.
' We should next enquire how this
mua.us, produced Srom infensible
lymph, can berome irritable.
Whytt and the followers of Stahl,
alledge, that it is owing to the foul.
which heing sensible oS the touch.
contracts the fibres that are touched,
and pulls them back to prevent their
being injured.
' However simple this theory man
be, and however commodious stonl
diSerabartassing us from Several dish-
Culties, yet it is not agreeable to she
phenomena that are ObServed.
in the first place irritability differs
entirely from Sensibility, and the moss
irritable parts are these, which are
not Subject to the command of the
foul, which ought to he quitc ine
reverse, if the foul was the ptmc^e

^Y N O V ^ M
of irritabiliry. In the seeond place,
irritability continues alter death, and
parts quite separated from the body,
and intirely iusenfible, after the heart
is taken out, and the head off, remain
still irritable. There is nothing
more common than to She the
heart of a frog heat, and the muscles
remain irritable, after the head
has been cut off, and the Spinal marrow
taken out, Dr. Wbytt shuns
this difficulty with great address by
saying, that the time of death is very
uncertain, and that frequently an
animal has life still remaining, after
sr has been looked upon as dead for
some time ; and this he proves by
the example of persons who have
been drowned, and those who fall
into Syncopes. But as it is certain
that the Seat of the soul is in the
head, and that ir has no command
over the rest of the body, after the
nerves have been cut or destroyed ;
and farther, as the irritability remains
entire after the head is lopped ofI,
or the nerves cut through, it ape
pears that this quality still subsists
after the Seat oS the Soul is removed,
nr its commerce with the body quite
intercepted; and therefore it does not
depend upon the Soul. This is so
evident that it is needless to and,
that irritability acts without the Sonl
being Sensible of it,^ and that it is
nut Subject to the command oS the
'^ill, both which arc proved by
the example of the heart. To avoid
the consequences of this ar-
^utnent, the anatomists are obliged
to introduce an insensible sensation,
and involuntary acts oS the will,
that is, to admit contradictory propo,
ations.
' What therefore should hinder us
from granting irritability to he a property
of the animal gluten, the Same
as we acknowledge attraction and
gravity to he the properties of matter
in general, without heing able
to determine the cause oS them. Experiments
have taught us the existence
of this properry, and doubtlefs it is
owing to a physical cause which depends
upon the arrangement of the
ultimate particles, though the experiments
that we can make are too
gross to investigate them.
' Irritabiliry is destroyed by drying.
by the congealing of the fat, by the
use of opium in a living animal. Thin
medicine deSteoys so effectually the
peristaltic motion of the intestines
and Stomach, that it cannot be revived
again by any irritation. I
have seen it myself, and Dr. Kaats
Boerhaave has observed the same
thing hefore. Once, however, in a
cat, I sound opium not capable of
subduing the peristaltic motion. It
has the same efficacy in destroying
the peristaltic motion of the bladder
; nay, in a frog, I have seen ic
destroy the peristaltic motion and irritabiliry
of the intestines, and the
convulsive force of the nerves. Dr.
Whytt says, that it likewise destroys
the irritabiliry of the heart, but that
I could never discover.'
Such is the doctrine of irritability.
and, was the dependence of pathology
on physiology better known.
there would be no need sor displaying
the great influence which thin
new discovery must have upon tha
art of medicine; but unfortnnately
we want a work, intitled, < 'Shis
Application of Theory to Practice.'
This has determined me to venture
some thoughts on the practical uses
of irritabiliry, which perhaps may
serve to excite the reader to farther
discoveries.
The manner in which opium acts.
which has given rife to So many
Systems equally opposite and chimerical,
and has occasioned such a numher
of disputes, which could never
hefore he decided, is determined ac
last, since the discovery of irritabiliry.
It is neither by attenuating nor
by thickening the humors, by exalting
or absorbing the Sulphureous
particles, by restraining the surioua
^ H ^cbcusa

^ MAGAZINE ^fMAGA2SNE^
archeus, nor by binding the nervous dinary phenomena attending thoSe
fluid, that opium occasions steep ; but disorders, and at the fame time direct
by diminishing the irritability of all us to the proper cure of them. la
the parts, excepting that of the heart, short, seeing irritability depends upon
which is only a very little, and most the mucus, and the different defrequently
not at all weakened by grees of it are proportioned to the
this medicine. The action of the consistence of this singular body, So
museles entirely ceases, the senses that the former is greater in proporare
buried in a profound sleep; the rion as the latter is less, in order to
heart only and the lungs ; the one, remove the excess, the mucus must
because its irtitabiliry is not at all al- be restored to its necessary consisttered
; the other, bOcause its action ence. Those remedies therefore which
is independent on irritability ; I say. are called tonics are the only ones ta
these organs continue their motions be made use of sor this purpose ;
the fame as before. Those viscera bleeding, purging, fales, mineral wawhich
are in the fame case of the ters, at least the • greatest part of
lungs continue their functions ; while them, and watery medicines, ought
. the actions of the stomach and in- to be forbid, and in place of them
testineS are diminished ; and hence should he substituted a proper regimay
he deduced, in what cases men, exercise, friction, ligatures, genopium
must be serviceable in stop- tie astringents, aromatic wines, Skc.
ping too violent evacuations, viz. And indeed, practice having so ofwhen
they depend upon too great ten confirmed the usefulnefs of this
an irritability of the intestines; and, methnd, may we not hence justly
consequently, if this is too weak, conclude that fystera which explains
narcotics must he hurtful. This elm to he true, and which Dr. Haller
great principle Serves as a basis to only proposed by way of conjecture 1
the whole practice of this remedy, Age, which gives a greater consistence
and the manner of its acting ac- eo the mucus. diminishes this excessive
counts for all the Symptoms which mobility ; and hence we see instances
it produces. But it would he too every day of hysteric women getting
tedious to enter into this detail, rid of these complaints, or at least
which every one may follow. hecoming a great deal lesa subject to
We frequently See perfons in whom them, after a certain age. There is
the most trifling moving cauSe occa- likewise a point hevond which the
sions much more considerable com- consistence of the mucus beromes had
motions, than it produces in those by growing too thick, hecaufe hereof
a stronger habit. They cannot by the irritability is rendered too
hear the slightest unusual impression ; weak to allow the motions to be
the leaft alarm. from whatever cause, performed by their ordinary caufes;
will occasion extraordinary fymptoms and, this thickness heing the inevitin
them, which. according to the able consequence of old age, hence
appearances and the part where the this state is necessarily followed hi
first cause of the complaint is imagin- death, which is nothing elfe than a
ed to reside, are known by the name ceffation of all motion ; for in old
of vapours or hysterics, or other ex- age irritability gradually ceases, and
traordinarv complaints, the immediate without irritability there is an end
Cause of which has always heen at- of motion, and without motion no
tributed to an excessive mobility of. more life. Nature produces in the
the animal fpirits, but the true one tendons the effect of old age, and
is a too great irritability of the parts. though they are composed of muScu-
This principle, combined with sensi- lar fibres, and are really a Continuability,.
accounts for the most exttaor- lion of the museles, their too great
compact's

^ Y N O V E M B E R , l^^.
compactness prevents their being irritable.
This very phenomenon, if
thoroughly examined, might perhaps
Serve to inform us in what the irritability
of the mucus consists ; the
explications which I have just hinted
at supply us with others for a
great number of phenomena, and
lead us to the true rules of practice
in a great many cases, where till
now they are extremely false.
fhe Caufes and cure of convulsive
diSotders, fo intimately connected with
hysterics, receive a new light from
this discovery ; Specifies are hereby
rejected as useless, and there are only
two indications to he anfwered, viz.
to remove the stimulus and diminish
the itritabiliry. But evacuating medicines
always increase this, and
therefore can only be of service in
cafes where they are capable of removing
the stimulus.
Chance has discovered, that persans
who have been drowned have
same times been brought to life again
hy sir heing bloyvn into their anus.
Reason teaches us that this effect
mast be produced by exciting the
irritabiliry of the intestines, which
renews that of the viral organs ; and
eace it is concluded that an irritant
as harmless but more powerful
than air, such as cold water, will
produce more certainly the fame effect.
^
. the theory of fevers, and that of
inflammations, in a word, of all the
diseases which depend upon an increase
of the circulation, wiH hencesarward
be fixed ; feeing, the cause
^ the circulation being known, we
^e thereby conducted to the knowledge
of those things which can eisher
increafe or weaken it, The
iend, being rendered more acrid,
^ course becomes more irritating ;
^ence acrimony is capable of proving
^ fever; and the different
l^aies of acrimony, the order in
^•h they aye produced or evacu-
^ will form the different fpeciea
4 ^
of fevers. There still remain discoveries
to be made upon irritability,
especially with relation to the force
of different stimulants, which depend
perhaps upon several causes ; and,
the more that the nature of it comea
to be understood, the more ealy will
it be to give a reaSon for all the
motions depending upon it,
Several accidents in surgery, which
were only troublefome, because they
were mistaken about the cause of
them, will henceforth cease to be fo,
seeing their cause heing better known
leads us to the proper method of
treating them, and the method of
treating them, being known, assures
us of a cure.
These few examples will, I hope.
be sufficient to convince every reasonable
person of the real advantages
which the discovery of the irritability
must procure to us.
A Description of the Town of Dunkirk,
as it was before its Demolition.
1'N arriving at Dunkirk by sea, we
immediately discover, on the pierheads,
the Green Castle and that of
Good Hope ; the former is on the
east side, the latter on the" west ;
they were built of wood, and founded
on piles, wrought with great folidiry
and admirable art ; and each capable
of mounting thirty pieces of cannon.
Their advanced batteries, which
were more than a thousand fathoms in
the sea, were intended to hinder the
bombardment of the city, which was
attempted in the year 1^95, by keeping
the bomb ketches at too great a
distance from the place.
Entering into the channel, and being
beyond the pier-heads, which arc about
5o fathoms distant from one another,
we see, on the west side, the famous
fort called the Bisban, which is
surprising to behold; it was all built of
mason's work, containing beautisul
barracks, a vast cistern, magazines
both of ammunition and provisions,
other

^ MAG ^f MAGA21NE ^
other conveniences proper for a numerous artillery planted on the ramgarrison
; there was a communication pare of the citadel, and on the cavalifrom
thence to the town, in going a- er of the bastion we may venture to
long the side of the pier, there being assirm, that never were the environs of
a wooden bridge from thence to its en- a port berter defended, and that there
trance. There might be mounted in were none in Europe whose access was
battery, on its rampart, about forry- more formidable.
sixpreces of cannon, disposed on three The pier-heads were of a greaser
different tires, on account of the sort's extent, than ever any work of this
being built in a triangular form ; by kind could boast of, being near a
which means its fire was at once direct- thousand fathoms in length, all of
ed from all parts, as has heen often ex- carpenter's work ; its coffers Silled with
perienced by those who made attempts great stones, according to the best
on the adjacent places. rules os mechanism, and erected at a
On the other or east fide was the prodigious expence.
White Fort, called also the Little What 1 have heen Speaking oS it is
Lisban, hecaufe it had the Same pro- but a faint sketch of all the magnifier^
perties as the preceding ; it was like- works with which this famous port
wise of mason's work, and had the ad- was embelished.
vantage, by its position, not only to One of che greatest beauties of the
keep off a bombardment, but also to port of Dunkirk was the bason, capadefend,
from the land-fide, any ac- ble of containing a squadron of forty
cess to the front of the place, men of war always a-float, even as
anfwering to the efplanade ofNieu- low water, by means of the sluice.
port, and, consequently, destroy what- which was at its entrance, whoSe
ever might appear on the eastern shore. breath, being sorry-two feet, rendered
Its rampart could mount twenty pieces it fit for the passage os first-rate
of cannon. sbspo
Nearer the harbour, on the same This sluice, of which M de Yaunde,
was a strong castle, built of ban was the projector, and which ^s
carpenter's work, anfwering to the finished in was reckoned she
eastern pier-head, to which it had a most beautiful of its time, sad
communication by a fmall bridge : wrought with all the care ima^al"
This castle was of a rectangular si- ble.
gure, and could mount twelve pieces The boson was inclosed round aof
cannon ; pert of which deSend- bout with good masonry ; and, s^
ed the access of the adjacent pier, the use of the marine, there were eand
the other crossed the fire, pro- rected contiguous to it many magm^
ceeding from the gorge of the White cent buildings, which are now exm-
Fort, which rendered this part inac- ing, and are well kept in order; sac
cessible to the enemy. as the rope-yard, the general ma^"
On the other fide of the channel, zine, the particular magazine Sor t e
almost opposite to the preceding King's ships, the place for keeping
castle, was another fort, of mason's masts, the forges and shops for
work, called the Reverse or Back men of all kinds, the apartments e
Fort, because this fort was so con- the Commissaries and Officers os t
trived, that its artillery, which were a- port, and a great number of on ^
bout sixteen pieces of cannon, fcour- buildings inclosed within the ^sea
ed, with the Great Risban, theefpla- of the marine ; whevewas pro)^
nadeof the citadel, and also defended ed a dock, marked for the blul^
the entrance of the harbour. of ships, independent from leat^
If we add, to all the fires of those places for careening, for the u e
forts, those which proceed Srom the the navy, as. also merchans^J^

^Y N O V E M ^ E R ,
The harbour was not less worthy
of the notice of connoisseurs,
on account of the workmanship of
the sluices which served to cleanse
and deepen it. The most considerable
was that which anfwered to
she mouth of the canal of Bergues
at the end of the port ; this was
twenty-six feet in breadth, with a
double pair of gates, some of which
Served to Support the water oS the
canal during the time oS low water,
and the others thoSe of the sea at
sull tide, as occasion required ; so
that boats might pais from the canal
into the port, and from the port into
the canal, observing the proper
times for it.
To this sluice, the large gates
shut up others .that turned on a center,
and were of Surprising Service
at low water, when the harbour was
dry, by discharging suddenly the waters
of 'the canal ; the impetuosity
of which current acted with such
violence, that it not only deepened
the harbour, but also the channel,
and carried off the sands from the
bottom for more than sixteen hundred
fathoms in extent. This sluice,
which was kept up at the charge
of the ciry, likewise served, with
Several others, to drain off the country
waters, or to make an innundation,
in cafe of necessity.
At the mouth of another canal,
which likewise answers to the bottom
of the harbour, was another
Sluice which performed the same as
the preceding one, but by a different
mechanism ; so that, when thoSe
two sluices began to play together,
or alternatively, they made a prodigious
execution, which could not be
effected in a considerable time by an
infinite number oS mean, by means
of the difficulty oS carrying away the
Sand, winch could not be avoided ;
whereas the Sand floating in the water
was naturally carried into the Sea
without stopping.
Io add still farther to this work,
another sluice was intended to have
4 ^
been erected at the place marked
whose waters were to be drawn from
the canal of Bourbourg, and which
might serve, like thoSe already mentioned,
as a reservoir for the seawaters
to make a proper use of
them. This sluice, which, doubtless,
would have been built after
the manner of that of Bergues,
would have done wonders, because
it happened to be placed more in
the direction of the harbour, than
the others.
In a word, the better to deepen
the channel by the current of water,
whose rapidity would not suffer
fo much alteration, as that which
runs over the harhour, there was yet
a third Sluice at the canal of Furnes,
placed in the town, which might likewise
seour off the fantla they might
want to be removed.
To judge of the wonderful effect
of the preceding sluices, proportionable
to the length of the pier-heads, it
will be sussicient to say that, from
l7oi to i7io, it has been observed,
that the port and the channel have
been deepened about i 5 feet : There
would be no room to doubt, that,
in acting so for some years longer,
the port might be made capable of
receiving ships of the first rate completely
fitted out ; where as they were
then under a necessity of lightening
them of a part of their ballast, as
foon as they were arrived in the
road ; which might occasion many inconveniences.
The communication from the ciry
to the Side oS the baSon, and thence
to the citadel, was a wonden bridge
over which carriages might paSs, the
charges oS^ it being supported by the
town till i663, when the King
placed them to the account oS the Sortifications,
having exempted them himself
from all impositions, as a mark of
his good will to the inhabitants.
The citadel was a kind of irregular
pentagon, sitnated to the west betwixt
the haven and the channel.
This citadel, however, did not want
an

MAG A 2 1
at 1 ^
an extent sufficient to contain magazines
for provisions and artillery, barrack,
and other necessary buildings for
the garrison
The walls of the ciry were flanked
with ten large bastions, curtains covered
with as many half-moons, with
large and deep ditches, surrounded
on the side of Nieuport with a double
covered-way, separated the one
from the other by an avant-sofle.
It likewise had on that side a large
horn-work whose branches were supported
by two lunettes. I mention
noshing of other pieces detached
farther off, whose designs so wisely
anfwered the views of a good defence ^
and shall only add, that all the works
were fronted with masonry, and kept
in the best repair.
This town being the rendezvous
of the privateers, during the French
war, in the reigns of King William
Ill. and (^ueen Anne ; when the
allies had Sufficiently humbled Lewis
KIV, (^ueen Anne reSolved at any
race to demolish this place. Accordingly,
when Plenipotentiaries of these
two crowns formed a plan for a general
peace, it was demanded from France,
that she should deliver up Dunkirk into
the hands of the English, to convince
them and their allies of the sincere
dispositions of that Monarch to satisfy
all engagements which he had
entered into for the surety and the
tranquillity of Europe It was promised
on the Queen's part, that the
Duke of Otmond should retire with
his English troops, and those in English
pay ; which was actually performed,
the 17th of June, 1712,
after a cessation of arms, published,
the 4th, between theSe two powers.
The news of the demolition of
Dunkirk was a thunder-stroke to the
inhabitants of that ciry, perceiving
that their enemies would now have
an opportunity of heing revenged
for all the losses they had sustained ;
for, in the course of 1 2 years that
the war lasted with the English, the
people of Dunkirk made 16S4 prizes,
of MAGA21NE^
which amounted to more than 3^
millions and 5oo,00o litres, without
reckoning the value of the ships that
the captors Sold in France and Spain.
In consequence of the ninth a:tide
of the treaty between France
and England, M. le Blanc, at that
time Intendant of Flanders on the
sea-coast, went to Dunkirk, to regulate
vvith M. le Comte de Lomond,
Governor, whatever was needsul to
deliver the cjty to the English, whenever
they should demand it. And,
on the i 8th of July, the English fleet
appeared insight, consisting of twelve
men of war, and twenty transportships,
commanded by Admiral Leak;
and the i^th, ahout ten o'clock in
the morning, Mr. Hill, to whom the
C^ueen had given the government of
Dunkirk, landed with 6722 men, who
took possession of the posts of the
city, of the citadel, of the sea forts,
and of Fort Louis.
About six in the evening, the Count
de Lomond marched out of the city,
to Bergues with his garrison, followed
by those of the citadel and the forts,
accompanied with the States-Major ;
and the place was put into the possession
of the English, until the States-Ceneral
had given to the French King
an equivalent for its demolition.
Whilst these things passed at Dunkirk^
the allies were not idle undertaking
che siege of (^uesiing,
which Surrendered the 1 4th of July,
after which Prince Eugene, determining
to undertake that oS Landrecy,
invested that place the i7sh
oS the Same month ; but this iiege
lasted noc long, che General sinking
himfelf obliged Co raise it, almost
as soon as he had invested the
place.
The victory which France gained
at Denain, and the conquest os
the places that followed it, having
put a part of their enemies under
a necessiry of dropping their pretensions,
joined to the favourable
dispositions of^ueenAnne, the peace
between France and England v^s

lt^ed at Utrecht the nth of April,
3. The Ministers of Savoy, of
Portugal, of Prussia, and those os
the United Provinces, signed also
she 12th. And only Count ^in-
^ettdors, Minister of the Emperor,
tesafed signing it for the court of
Vienna ; which obliged Louis Kl V.
to Send two armies towards the
Sroiitiers of the empire, under the
Marshals of Villars and Bezons, who
heSinged and took Landau and Frihiirg
; which determined the Emperor
likewise to make a peace, which
was Signed the 6th of Match 1714.
And, as the ninth article of the
treaty of Utrecht is the only one
which relates to Dunkirk, we have
here given the substance of it :
The most Christian King will
cause the fortifications of the city
oS Dunkirk to be raSed, its port
choaked up, its sluices to be demolished,
which Served to cleanse the
port ; and all this at his own proper
charge and expence, within
she Space oS five months, aSter the
peace is concluded and signed ; that
is to Say, the maritime works in the
fpace of two months, and thoSe oS
the land Yvith the Sald sluices, in
the three Sollowing ones; and that
the Said Sortisicatlons, ports, and
unices Shall never be repaired again ;
^hich demolition nevertheless shall
not hegin after the most Christie
King shall he put in poSlellion
of all that is to be granted
to him as an equivalent Sor the Sald
demolition.
in conSequcuce of the regulation
^de at Orchis. the city and castle
^ -^amur were delivered, the 2 1st,
, the Dutch troops, and the French
possession of Bethune and St.
tenant • the English entered the
3 ltt, into Nieuport, the French in-
^ Are, and the Dutch into Fumes ;
^e 4th of June, the French took
Possession of Lille, and the Dutch
^ ^Pres and Charleroy; butLux-
^urg waa not evacuated until the
431
During this time. M. Tugghe.
Deputy of the Magistracy of Dunkirk,
in England, took all the pains
imaginable to Succeed in his commission,
which was the preservation
of the pier-heads. and the port^
but all his endeavours were of no
signification ; the S^ueen insisted that
the treaty should be executed in ita
strictest sense.
The Commissaries of England.
who were nominated for the demolition.
being arrived. and M. le
Blance having formed a judgement
of the undertaking, they only waited
for troops to work upon it ; and.
the 5th of October, there arrived
eight battalions, and a company of
miners. which encamped without the
town.
The 7th of October, they began
by pulling up the palifadoes of the
covert-way, which furronnded the
place. The toth, they began the
demolition by rasing the out-works
and demolishing the sortisications towards
the Sea. The ^th oS November,
they firft began on 'the body
of the place, and, in the month
of August following, the demolition
was intirely finished with demolishing
the grand dyke, which seeured
the communication of the channel
with the port. Two thoufand men
worked there for fix hours together,
during low water, and in that time
did prodigious execution.
Thus have we given a description
oS this famous sea-port, as it was
before it was demolished, in pursuance
to the treaty of Utrecht ; front
whence the reader may form a
judgment of its strength, its great
utility to the French, and of what
confequence it was to this nation to
hare it demolished.
The Life of B O E T I U S, continued
seOm p. 220.
|^OETlUS, in the melancholy fituation
of a prison, which deprived
him not only of his liberty,
but

4 ^ ^a^ M A G A 2 1 N ^ of M-A t^A-2FNE ^
but of the company and correspondence
of every one he loved, and
desired to converse with, lookld upon
himself to be a victim desiin' d
for a bloody sacrifice ; and could
not refrain with broken sighs to he-
Wail injur'd innocence ; to reflect
upon the station from which he
was fallen ; to bemoan the calamities
which threatened his family ;
to difcfain the baseness of his accusers
; to reproach the ingratitude of
the senate, that had condemned him
sor his fidelity to them ; to detest
the crueiry with which their sentence
was executed ; and to dread
the ruin of his estate, the loSs of
his reputation, and all the bad effects
which follow an accufation of
treason. By which we learn, that
the most couragious spirits, when
surprized by strange and unexpected
accidents, can't help paying some
tribute to the natural pessions of
human nature.
But to shew the power of a wellsettled
judgment over the human
economy; our prisoner foon got the
better of nature, by the strength of
reason, and the practice of thofe wise
precepts, which he has left us in
his little book of consolation, composed
in this confinement ; where
he introduced wisdom visiting and
awakening him from the dead Sleep
of melancholy, and confirming him
in the knowledge of himself, the
love of God-, and contempr of every
thing that obstructs onr happinefs.
Cyprian and Basilius, the accusers
of Boetins, not content with his imprisonment,
continued to inflame
Theodoric i still more and more against
him ; and at length prevailed
with his majesty to commence a
new procefs against this innocent
stateSman, and to commission a proper
officer to repair to Pavia -with
a certain chain of interrogatories,
which, either by affirming or deny-
' ing, would effectually expose him to
death : the king promised him a
more favourable Usage, on condition
he would plead guilty to this imaginary
conspiracy. But, when Boeticl
heard the contents,
" Tell the King, said he, that l
have a conscience and life not to
he wrought upon by threats or allurements
in prejudice to reason. fo
expect a confession of my conspiracy
ia to demand a chimera that never
existed. Can't he he contented
with the credit os his own witneSSer
.but that he must require me tocoafirm
their false accufation ? indeed
he has as much reason to be ashamed
of their depositions, as 1 have to
glory of heing accused by such
pure tongues, wbicb are ready to
justify the worst os delinquents to
serve their own mm. One Basilica,
banish'd from court and loaded wirh
debt, is hired to fell mv blood ; and
he that had lost all credit ia his
own affairs, finds more than enough
to work my ruin. Were not Option
and Guadentina ordered by she
royal edict to depart from the ahats
where they bad taken sanctuary to
sereen them from the just deSert of
their infinite wicked practices, and
to go into banishment, under pain
of heing branded with a hot iina -'
than which there could not he a
greater mark of inSamy? and yet
theSe are the evidences, which she
fame day were heard and received
against me. I am wounded nish
wooden arrows: and my condemnation
pays the ransom of the mist
criminal. Some nor being ashamed
to employ against the life of a Senator
those, who would scarce have
bern admitted to confront a slave-
Wherefore, this makes me Say my
condemnation is premediated, my
death ia already determined, and this
commission is a mere Sormahty t
disguise the injustice of the acti^'
The King descends too low ^ ^
politicks, considering chat he
full power to do as he t^se.^
with me. Why should be eontnse
so many artifices to entangle .me ^
to deceive the public ^ T ^ ^

t^m me, that I submit to his condemnation-
I was desirous to save
that Senate, which has been so un
fateful in their return for my sincere
affections. I wished the quiet
settlement of the universal church,
and 1 strove Sor the Support of the
liberty oS the Roman people.—This
is the Sum os all my crimes ; as l
arn not in a condition to tell a lie,
So 1 am not disposed to conceal
the truth. Had l known the means
to reduce the empire into better order,
he should never have understood
it. In a word ; iS he be re-
Solved to take away my liSe, let
him hasten the blow. I have long
wished for death, and wait Sor it
with patience."
The commissary amazed at So
much constancy and resolution returned
to Thendoric , who immediately
la a fit oS rage at the narrative of
lingtiu's ansiwer, gave orders Sor his
execution ; but that it Should be
performed in the most private manner.
in the mean time Rusticiana
sound means to he introduced by
Amala^unta, the King's daughter, into
the royal presence, to petition his
majesty in hehalS oS her husband.
ilat tho' she and her children pleaded
in a stile Sufficient to moliSy the
most oodurate heart, that was not
deserted entirely oS all humanity and
reason, Theodoric could not be
Prevailed upon to recal his decree.
When the unSortunate Boetius Saw
tne commissary return to his prison,
'^ith a tribune, he with a stern undaunted
countenance, bid them execute
their commission boldly, for,
added he, ^ ia ^ng since l knew
that death alone must open the
" gates of this prison Sor me And
iit the place of execution, having
declared his innocence in regard to
the treasons objected againSt him,
and prayed for the repentance and
forgiveness of his adversaries, Behold
fays he, the recorapenSe for one
grown old in the service of his King
imd country. God is the faithful
VOL. X
N O V F M F F R, 1^. 433
WitneSs oS all my actions, and in
his bosom I lay down my liSe, my
body, my Soul, and all my interest."
Then turning to his gentleman that
waited on him and bewailing his
misfortune.—,, Where, faid he, la
your resolution ? tears should be Shed
only for the miserable : and sell my
father in law, my wife and children.
that I have done nothing here unworthy
of their honour : and that I
request they won't bewail my death
in a manner unbecoming the condition
of my death t but that they
rather accept thereof as a gift from
heaven. They well know I have
often told them, that it is not here,
we are to feek for repofe, but in a
Suture state, whither l am gone be-
Sore." Which Said, the executioner
struck off his head.
Restections on po/iliced Assairs.
To the A U T H O R, &c.
S I R ,
| T has been Said Sormerly, that in
war as in love, we begin to vanquish
by the eyes t Our countrymen
carry this notion still Sarther and
have unluckily Suffered themSelves
to be conquered by their ears ; and
like women in the vapours, have
fancied themSelves worse, because they
have been told So : nay So far have
they heen fooled out of their Senses
by this auricular panic, that it in
this time OS general deSpondency,
any one should endeavour to persuade
this inSatuated nation they are not
yet conquered, l Sear he would be
taken Sor a bully. To Such an immenSe
degree has the Spirit of cowardice
and baseness of foul been industriously
infused into most of our
people. But notwithstanding the
cenlitre that may attend the undertaking,
the author of these few lines
has the considence to hollow in their
ears, and tell bis countrymen, they
are still a great and powerful nation,
and he itope^ they will not be
- I ^ feared

^ 4 M A G A 2 t N y of M A G A 2 1 f^ E ^
'cared into a precarious and iuglo- and without any reflection upon orterus
peace, because the Irish brigade ther gentlemen, one may modestly
is at Dunkirk. and the maritime affirm that the Centurin alone has
coast of France crowded wish taoops. produced a set of Sea officers at
Armies do not 'ride post, or get ro least equal to any in Europe. •
fyaightshridge in disguise, or as ad- What then are ave so alarmed at?
venturers in romance, travel and fight are not these gallant men Still livwithout
sustenance or rest; vet such ing : Our fleet has neither been shells
the almost universal panic, from reared by elements or -battle, what
the knavery os some, the Weaanefs has hitherto happened has his it
and crednliry of others, that one mostly in our favour, and many os
would think the French were rai- the sea officers of rhe French Sea
Sing contributions on the change ; departments, often captives to outs ;
as if the sea, as of old to the peo- are not these sufficient onreus of viepie
of dfrael, had opened, and di- tory and its just consequence, a good
yided to let them through, and assist and glorious peace ? Nor withstanding
an invasion! I own myself such an such is the present mode of baranginfidel,
that till such another inira- ing, that we are told by every Palecle
happens, l shall wait for them faced lily-liver'd colfee-lipping poppy
as the foolish Jews do for their that we are undone; to be invaded
Messiah. Were their strength at sea cona^uerd, plundered, and made a
Superior to ours, l might perhaps he province of France, and all this.
induced to change my Sentiments: hecause in America Seven or eight
but that is far otherwise, and as I hundred follows fancied that thev
do iiot believe these common dif- Saw the devil in the woods, and
turbers oS the world deserve So w^ll deserted their unfortunate general :
of heaven, to have the element of an accident of the fame kind hapwater
on their fide, or miracles be pened in Cromwell's time, and an exworked
in their favour (or indeed in pedition miscarried : shall an author
ours) in all human probability our then have the impudence to aisert
quarrel will be decided by the arm in print, from so inconsiderable a
of flesh, by superiority of shipping, check, that our soldiers are all cowby
bravery, and by discipline ; and aids, and not to be depended upon'
as l have been ever taught to be- 'tis unjust and ill natured, aad is
lieve that discipline and Subordinacy the name of the army l tell him
on in our fleets and armies will be it is false. He mentions Falkirk, let
a lasting bulwark to this island, I him know that those very men, uaam
apt to flatter myself we are in der another general, saved this counno
great danger ; but will venture try at Culloden t And if the battles
to assert that no fleet or army which of Foutenoy and Lawselt were lest.
this country has produced, was ever let him abuse the Dutch sot the
more fully established on these great one, the Imperialists sor the other ;
principle-, than the present. And our troops did their duty, and the
tlio' I believe it superfluous, yet 1 we' did not command Success, it
cannot help reminding na- country- has been ever held not the ^ast
rt'c'tl, That out land forces owe merit to have deserved it I . ^
their goodness to the fame bead not presume to cast any reflection^
and band, to which the station was upon generals who have miscarried
So latelv obliged sor liberty itself, 'on other occasions. yet will lay ^
and ever.' blessing it now enjoy as down as a pretty common rule,
a free people. '1 he excellency of that on both elements, '.'here men
out naval hemamedta sufficiently de- are commanded by those they h^
ciare cur obligation' to lord Anson, a good opinion of, they will do

^tNOVFM FFR,
their dury aa Britons should do ;
•end without the fpirit of prophecy
one may venture to announce victory
to those illustrious men, who at
prefer: t preside over our sleets and
armies, as their men's affection to
them is grounded on real merit and
experience; yec with all these advantages
we Suffer onrselves to be
terrified like the naked Indians at
the coming os Correz, and Seem to
have the like apprehensions os arlilhery.
but I am in some hope.: our prefect
sears are fprea- 1 ethiesty by those
vultures the stock- osbers. . to intimidate
widows and orphans. and
make their little stock .still less. by
obliging them to sell out of the
leads at a disadvantage ; let then these
harpies he told there is a particular
c title lor those who plunder
the orphan^ ^od widows. Should
say oue be base enough to hope
this 'car of an invasion will make*
listen to a mean cotophattce, and
so the acceptance os a had peace ;
him remember, ^ a stat.iman,
that the rankest towards os them
ail will a^rae resolution enough to
attack and mabe him the victim os
their apprehension, As we have
drawn the fword, l hope the fcala-
. d will he throsvn aslde till the
ughta of oor ini etred country
sully restored and settled, not on
the sandy foundation of temporary
^pedients, but on the firm os
Rational Superiority, and convincing
^very. These are the only argn-
^ents, the ratio u^ima. to reduce
neighbor to their proper bounds
s^w in everlasting characters.
mttt not to them belonged the
^auction of the waters.
^ ss'opsulfor the better Pryservatiou sf
the GAMe
^ r less rime was Spent in hunting
st and fowling less game would be
e i.^il is self evident. Thero-
^ - tie humbly proposed that all
43^
gentlemen who enjoy the exclusive
privilege of killing came, should
search a sew hours from their darling
fport, and learn the taiiitary
exercise of both boric and foot.—
Besides this martial exercise it would
also he necessary for ou: gentry to
study fortification and gunnery, the
art of encamping. in Short, the
whole theory os" war. as well as the
raennal part, If the French saw
our nobility and gentry engaged in
Suob noble and manly pursuits, 'tis
highly probable that they would he
more tractable in negociationa,
and never be so vain. and insolent atS
to think to frighten tits, in time of
was. with the word invasion, and
the appearance of a sew flat bottomed
boats.
AVFLca'A'rloas, the Charter ot a
C O K C O M B
Dc la Rochefoucault very justd.nI
ly observes. that people are
never ridiculous from their zeal, but
from their affected characters ; the v
can't help being what they arc, but
they ear, help attempting to appear'
what they are not. A hump back
ia by no raeoaus ridiculous, unlets
it be under a fine coat ; neat a weak
understanding. unless it affuuies the
lustre of a bright one. Good n.ctuie
conceals and pitied the ine'eitaat
ble defects of a body or mind, but
is nor obliged to treat acquired ones
with the least indulgence : Those who
would pals upon ihe world talents
they have rent, are as guilty in lire
common coaese os society, as those
who in the way os taade would
put off false money, k .'.owing it to
toe such ; and it is as much the
business of ridicule to e:ipofe the
forme:, as of the law to punish the
latter.
I cannot be of the general opinion,
that these coxcombs have first
imposed upon themselves, and really
think thetuSedr.es what they w said
hattt' other: think On th contraf

^ e M A G A ^ i N B ofMAGA^lN^S
trary, I am persuaded that every
man knows himfelf best, and is his
own severest censor ; nay, I ain
convinced, that many a man has
lived and died with faults and weaknesses,
which no body but himself
ever discovered. It is true, they
keep their own secret inviolate,
which makes people believe they
have not found it out.
Fatuus, the most consummate coxcomb,
has parts enough to have excelled
in almost any one thing he
would have applied himfelf to. But
he must excel 1 in all. He must be
at once a wit, a lover, a Scholar,
and a statesman ; yet, conScious oS
the impracticability of the undertaking,
he parcels out his accomplishments,
and compounds to have the
several branchs of his merit admired
in separate districts. Hence, he talks
politicks to his women, wit to ministers
osastate, difplays his learning
to beaux, and brags of his success
in gallantry to his country neighbours.
His caution is a proof of
his guilt, and shews that he does
not deceive himfelf, but only hopes
to impose upon others.
There are as many fpecies of
coxcombs, as there are desirable
qualifications and accomplishments in
life ; and it Would be endleSs to
give instances os every particular
vanity and affectation, by which men
either make themSelves ridiculous,
or, at least, depreciate the orher
qualities they really poffeSs. I will
now endeavour to point out the
means oS avoiding theSe orrors.
It is verv certain, that no one
man is fit Sor every thing ; but it is
almost as certain too, that there is
Scarce anv one man who is not fit
for Something; which Something nature
plainly points out to him, by
giving him a tendency and propensity
to it. I look upon common
Sense to he to the mind, what conscience
is to the heart, the SaithSul
and constant monitor of what is
right or wrong : . and I am convinc-
ed that no man commits either a
crime, or a folly, but against the
manifest and sensible representation
of the one or the other. Frery
man finds in himfelf, either from
nature or education (for they ar^
hard to distinguish) a peculiar hent
and disposition to Some particular
character ; and his struggling against
it, is the S'ruitleSs and endleis labour
of fyphus. Let him follow and cultivate
that vocation, he will succeed
in it, and be considerable in one
way at least ; whereas, if he depart
from it, he will at best be incoaSiderable,
probably ridiculous. Th^
players, who get their parts by
beart, have a regard; in chuling
those parts, to the natural bent of
their genious ; Penkethman never
acted Caso, nor Booth Scrub ; their
invincible unfitness for those chapters
would inevitably have broke
out, in the short time of their re-^
presentation- In my mind, Piakev
got more credit by acting Scruh
well, than he would have got hy
acting Cato ill ; and l would much
rather be an excellent shoemaker,
than a ridiculous minister of state.
I greatly admire our industry e
neighbours, the Germans ; they
defatigablv pursue the way nature
has chalked out to them, and aever
deviate into any irregularities^
character. Thus many of the tanic
rank, if happily turned to macham^
have employed their whole lives m
the incatenation of fleas, or the ctirious
seulpture of cherry-stones ^
while others whose thirst of knov.'
ledge leads them to investigate she
secrets of nature, Spend years in then
elaboratory, in pursuit os the plal^
fophers stone t but none, that l ^et
heard of, ever deviated into an attempt
at wit. Nay, even due care
is taken in the education as . sh^
Princes, that they may he Sit .
Something,- for they are always instructed
in Some other trade beSta^
that of government ; So that is she^
genius does not lead the^ ^

N O V E M ^ ^R, 43^
ahle Princes, it is ten to one but master-piece, but inistakes the means
they are excellent Turners so much, that her flattery is too
1 must observe, that the word grosa Sor Self-love to Swallow, and
Coxcomb is of the common gender, her lies too palpable to eleceive for
horh mafculine and feminine ; and a moment; so that she shocks thofe
that the male coxcombs arc equalled she would gain
ia number by the female ones, who Sydarla had beauty enough to
shall be the subject of my next
COMMON SEly'SE.
ELM ALE COKCOMBS.
have excused (while young) her want
of common sense. But she seorned
the precarious triumphs os beauty
She would only conquer by the
t^F^HERE may be two kinds of charms of her mind. A union of
I women coxcombs ; thofe who hearts, a delicacy of sentiments, a
affect what does not fall within the mental adoration, or a sort of tenfemale
fphere of action, and those der quietism, were what she long
who go out of their own natural sought for, and never found. Thus
characters, tho' they keep within the nature struggled with sentiment till
female province. she was 45, but then got the better
Fach sex has its distinguishing of it to such a degree, that she
characteristic^ and if the fair sex made very advantageous propofals
aan with justice (as certainly they yo an Irish ensign of 2i : Equally
may) brand a man with the name ridiculous in her age and in her
of a Cott-^ean, if he invades a youth !
certain female detail, which is their ' Canidia, withered by age, and
prerogative ; may not we retort up- shattered by infirmities, totters unon
them, when, laying aside their der the load of her misplaced ornanatural
characters, they assume those ments . and her drefs varies accordwhich
are appropriated to us? The ^ ^ the freshest advices from Padelicacy
of their texture, and the yls, instead of conforming irself (as
strength of ours , the beauty of their jt ought) to the directions of her
sarm, and the coarseness of ours ; undertaker. Her mind, as weak as
Sufficiently indicate the respective ^cy body, is as absurdly adorned ;
vocations. Was Hercules ridiculous tuiks politicks and metaphyficks,
and contemptible with his distaff? mangles the terms of each, and, if
Cmphale would not have been less ^re be sense in either, most infal-
So at a review, or a council-board- puzzles it
Women are not formed for great ^ shui^ not enter into an examines
themselves, bui: to sooth and nation of the lesser affectations (most
•often ours ; their tenderness is the of them are pardonable, and many
proper reward of our toils for their of them are pretty, if their owners
preservation ; and the ease and chear- Po) but confine my auimadversitulness
of their conversation, our de- ons to the affection of ill-suited cha-
Slrable retreat from study and bufi- yagers ; for I would by no means
nefs. They are confined within the deprive^ my fair countrywomen of
narrow limits of domestick offices, yhejy genteel little terrors, antipathies
and when they stray beyond them, ^nd affections. The alternate panicky
they move exceedingly, and conse- of thieves, spiders, ghosts, and thunquently
without grace. der, are allowable to youth and beau-
Agrippina would appear learned, yy, provided they don't survive them.
and has read just enough of rhis what I mean is, to prevail with
things, without comprehending el^n, to act their own natural parts,
any one, to make her talk absurd- and not other peoples ; and to conly
upon every thing. She looks them, that even their own
upen the art os plcafing a^ her im-

4 ^ Tt^e M A G A 2 I N ^ of M A G A N ^
^perfections will become them better
than the burrowed perfections
of others.
Should Some lady of Spirit ask
what province l leave to their sex ?
I anlwer, that l leave thesn whatever
hat not heen peculiarly assigned
by nature to ours. I leave them
a mighty empire, Love. There they
reign absolute, and by unquestioned
right, while beauty supports their
throne. They hay;e all Ihe talents
requisite sor that soft empire, and
the ablest of our Sex cannor contend
with- them in the profound knowledge
and conduct of those Arcana
l confess, one hat read os ladies,
such as Semiramis. Thalestris, &ee.
who have bade. very considerable sigores
in the most beroick and manly
parts of Iise ; but considering the
r^t antiquity of those histories, aud
hoy. -much they are mixed up with
fables. one is at libertv to question
either the facts, or the Sex. Befides
that, the most ingenious and
erudite Conrad Wolfgang Laboriosus
Nugatoc, os Hall in Saxony, hat
proved, in the i ^th volume, page
of his learned treatise Dc
Hermaplirnditla. That all the reputed
female heroes os antiquity
were of this epicene Species, this out
os regard to the fair and modest
pert of mv readers, l dare not
e^aote the feveral S'act^ and reasonnigs
with which he Support^ this
assertion ; and as She the heroines
os modern date, we have more than
fuspiciont^ os their being at least of
the epicene gender. 'Idle greatest
monarch that ever sill'd tho British
throne (till very lately) Ys*aa (^necn
F.lrxabeth, of whole sex we have
abundant reafon to donbt, history
fiirnishiog ua with many instances of
tho manhood of that Princess, without
leaving ua one Single indication
os the woman ; and thus much is
certain, that she thought it improper
for her to marry a atan- The
yyeat Christina. ^icen os Sweden,
was allowed by every body to be
above her sex ; and the maseuling
was So predominant in her composition,
that she even conformed, at
last, to its drese, and ended her
days in Italy. I therefore require
that those women who insist rspon
going beyond the hotrods allotted
to their Sex, should previously declare
themselves in form Hermaphrodites,
and be registered as suab in
their several parishes; till when I
shall nor suffer them ro confound
politicks, , perplex ntetaphvfiCks, and
darston mysteries.
Flow amiable may a woman he,
what a comfort and delight to her
acquaintance, her frier.de, her relations,
her loves. or her hushaud, in
keeping Strictly' within hat character!
She adorrrs all female virtues with
native female Softness. Women, while
natainted by affectation, have a aatuaal
chearfniness os mind, tenderness
and benignity os heart, which
justly endears them to us, either to
animate our joys. or South out sorrows;
but how are they changed,
and how shocking do they become.
when then the rage of ambition, or
ihe pride os learning agitates and
Swells these breasts, where only iore,
friendship, and tender cure should
dwell ^
Let Flavia he their model, who
tho' she could Support any character
assumes none, never misled by fancy
or Vanity. but guided singly by
reason. whatever she fays or does,
is the manifest reiuls of a hapl^
nature, and a good nnderstaneling-
Tho' she thins, and spoaks as a ^an
would do, still it is as a woman
should ado ; she effeminates (if I mar
ate the expression^ whatever She
fays or does, is the manifest 'settle
of a h .appy Saastiie, and a ^ond understanding.
Tho she drinks and
Speaks as a man would do, Still it
ii is a woman should do ; ^ke effeminates
(if l may use the expression)
whatever she Says, and gn^
all the graces os has own sc^ ^
the strength of ours ; she

I^Y N O V ^ M ^ E R, 4 ^
bred without the troublesome ceretannics,
and frivolous forms of thole
-aha only affect to be so. Woruens
beauty, like mens wit, is generally
fatal to the owners, unless directed
by a judgment which seldom accompanies
a great degree of either ; her
beauty seems but the proper and
decent lodging for Such a mind ;
sae knows the true value of it, and
far from thinking that it authorizes
impertinence and coquetry, it redoubles
her care to avoid thofe errors
that are its usual attendants.
^f D R E S S among fhe L.a DIES.
B F S S should be properly a-
L s dapied to the person, as in
writing, the style must be Suited to
the Subject 1 am far from objecting
to the magnificence of apparel,
in those whose rank and fortune
justify and allow it ; on the contrary,
it is a useful piece of luxury,
by which the poor and the industrious
are enabled to live, at the expence
of the rich and the idle. I
would no more have a woman of
quality dreffed in doggrel, than a
farmer' wise in heroiaks But I do
hereby notify to the profufe wives
os industrious tradesmen, and honest
yeomen, that ail they gct by drefltag
above themselves, is the envy
and hatred of their inferiors and
equals; with the contempt and ridicule
of their superiors.
To those of the first rank in birth
and beauty, l recommend a noble
simplicity of dress - the subject supports
irself, and wants none os the
borrowed helps of external ornamentsbeautiful
nature mav be disfigured,
bus cannot be improved by art ; arid
^ I soak upon a verv handsome
woman 'to be the finest Subject in
mature, her dress ougtrt to be epick,
but she true Virgilian epick, modest
noble, and entirely free from the
modern' tinsel. l therefore prohibit
ass Conceit,, and inxuriaiicies of
taney, whicii only depreciate so no
ble a subject, and I must do the
handsomest women I know, the juftice
to say, that thev keep the clearest
from these extravagancies. Delia's
good sense appears even in her
dress, which she neither Studies nor
neglects. but by a decent and modest
conformity to the fashion, equally
shuns the triumphal pageantry of aa
over bearing beauty, or the insolent
negligence of a conscious one.
As for those os an inferior rank
of beauty, Such as are only pretty
women, and whose chatms result rather
from a certain air, and ^se ne
scay .quoi in their whole composition,
than from any dignity of figure or
Symmetry of features : I allow them
greater licences in their ornaments,
because the subject not being of the
sublimest kind, may receive some advantages
from the elegancy of style,
and the variety of images. I therefore
permit them to dress tip to
all the flights and fancies of the
sonnet, the madrigal, and such like
minor compositions. Flavia may serve
sor a model of this kind ; her ornaments
are her amusement, nor ber
caie : tho' she shines in all the ^sy
and glittering images of dress, the
prettiness of the subject warrants all
the wantonness of the fancy.
There is a third sort, who, with
a perfect neutrality of face, are neither
handsome nor ugly ; and who
have nothing to recommend them.
but a certain fmart and genteel
turn of little figure, quick and lively.
These I cannot indulge in a
higher style than the epigram, which
should he neat, clever, and unadorned,
the whole to lie in the sting ;
and where that lies, is unnecessary to
mention.
Having thus gone thro' the important
article Of Dresa, with relation
to the three classes of iny
country-women, who alone can be
permitted to dress at ail ; air.. the
handsome, the pretty, and fhe genteel
; I must add, that this privilege
is limited by Common henfe to

4^-G M A G A 2 I N
a certain number of years, heyond
which no woman can be any one
of three. I therefore require, that
when turn'd of thirty they abate
of the- vigour of rheir dress ; and
that when turn'd of forty they lay
aside all thoughts os it. And as an
inducement to 'em So to do, I affore
them, that they may make
themselves ridiculous, but never desirable
by it. When they are once
arrived to the* Latitude of forty the
propitious gales are over ; let lem
gain the first port, and lay aside their
i a. i c u
I come now to a melancholy subject,
and npon which the freedom
of my advice, I sear, will not be
kindly taken ; I mean the ugly, and
(l am sorry to fay it) fo numerous a
part of my country-women. I must
for their own fakes treat them with
Some rigout, to Save them nor only
from the publick ridicule, but indignation
Their drefs must not rile
above plain bumble prose, and any
attempts heyond it, amount at best
to the mock-heroick, and excite
laughter. An ugly woman should
by all means avoid any ornaments
that may draw eyes upon her, which
she will entertain so ill. But if she
endeavours by dint of dress to cram
her deformity down mankind, the
insolence of the undertaking is re-
Sented ; and when a Gorgon curls her
Snakes to charm the town, she would
have no reafon to complain if she
lost bead and all, by the hand of
some avenging Perseus. Ugly women,
who may more properly be
csll'd a third sex, than a part of the
fair one, fnould publickly renounce
all thoughts os their persons, and
turn their minds another way ; they
should endeavour to he honest gobdhumoured
gentlemen ; they may
amuse themselves with field Sports,
and a chearrirl glafs ; and if they
could get into parliament, I should,
for my own part, have no objection
to it,
there is another sort oS ladles,
Svhose daily inSulta upon C^mmon-
E ofMAGA21NE^
Sense call sor the strongest correction
; and who may most properly
he styl'd Old Offenders Thefe are
the sexagenary fair ones, and upwards,
who, whether they were
bandSome or hot in the last century,
ought at least in this to reduce
themselves to a decency 'and
gravity of' dress Suited to their years.
1 have often observed septnagenary
great-grandmothers adorn'd, as they
thought, wish all the colours of the
rainbow, while in reality they look'd
more like the decayed worms in
the midst of their own silks. ^ay.
I have Seen lem proudly display nither'd
necks, Shriveil'd arid decay d
like their marriage settlements, and
which no band, but the cold head
of time, had visited these sorry years.
The utmost eindnigerrc^ I can alle^
here, is c-ttremc cleanliness, this
they may nor offend more fenSes than
the sight ; i but for the drefs, it must
be confined ldc tile 'Elegy and she
Tristibus. ,s!
What has beeff Said with relation
fo the fair Sex, holds true, with relation
to the other, only with msl
greater restrictions, as such irregularities
are less pardonable in men
than in ladit^p A reasonable compliance
with the 'fashion is no
pa ra ^erndn t' to Cite best nnderstsndl^,
and -en affer-ted singularity would .
an excess. beyond what^age, r a n k , anchancier
will justify, is one os ^
worst signs the body can hang out. san
will never tempt peopla to call in
fee with indulgence the youth of^
nation finelybotlnd. and gilt onthe oacx.
and wish they were lettet'd info I ^
bargain. I forgive them the unnatural
seantinefs os their wigs, and the
moderate dimension a of their bags, ^
consideration that the fashion has pr
vail'd, and that the opposition of a . ^
to it, would be the greater afle^t^
of the two, Tho' by the way, 1
naucb doubt whether tbey are all ^
them gainers by shewing their eats ,
sor 'tis Said that Midas, after a ceit^
accident, was th^ judicious sns^
of long wigs,

^or NOVFMFFR, 4^-1
^ 0 URN A L of the PROCEEDINGS ^nd I^stHATE^ its the
Pof.lTIGAL GLUB, continued from ^o,
in the Dehaie hegun in our fast, the next
that spoke was ^P- Cassius-
Mr. President,
SIR, ha,
| SHALL agree with the hon.
| gentleman who spoke last, that it
is a dispute of no importance, whether
our parliaments, or as they
were ancienlty called, our witenagemotea,
always consisted of two houses,
.as they do now, and always have
done, since the reign of Heny the
First, or at least since the 18th of the
tingn oS his son Edward the First;
hat, l helicve, that gentleman will
not deny, and indeed it cannot he
denied by any gentleman who has
dipped ever so lirtle into our ancient
history, that originally among
the Saxons all the great officers, hath
civil and military, were chosen by the
people in their Several districts, or by
the witenagemote itSelf, with the approbation
of the king ; for this may
he deduced, nor only from our own
histories, but also from what Tacitus
says of the ancient Germans ; for be
tells us, that the king of each trihe
was so by his birth, but their general
or reader in war was chosen by the
people on account of his military
character. Regel ex nohiheafe, diues ex
^irtote, sumunt. arc his words; and
after giving us an account of
their popuiay assemblies, he fays,
E/rguntur in isSdem corsclliis et prinCipra,
^i jura per pagos vicofque redlonf. Cengs'
Singulis ex plehe comitcS, consilium fiural
et arictoritaS aesunt. From hence,
1 think, we must conclude, that our
^itenagemores originally consisted of
ine great officers chosen by the witenagemote,
and the chief officers chosen
by the people in cad, of the large
districts, or what we now call shires ;
consequently, that a great, probably
the ngreatcst number of its member,
^OL. X.
were chosen by and reprefented the
people. And such a regard had thofe
representatives to tbe voice of their
constituents, that they not only allowed
all Such of them as pleased to
he present as their consultations, but
refused to agree to any proposes if it
appeared to he disagreeable to the
people then attending. Nay, so
great was their regard for the voice
of the people, that in other countries
as weil as tins, their assemblies were
often held in some open field, that
a greater number of the people might
he present, as seems to he evident
from many ancient records ; for the
dignity of thofe assemblies did not consist
in the secrecy, but in the decency
of their debates, and the wisdom of
their resolutions.
I shall indeed grant, Sir, that this
original form of government did not
long continue without interruption ;
for either by the people's continuing
the fame office long in the fame family,
or by the usurpations even of thee
Saxon ngs, many of these offices
became hereditary, or came to he vested
in the crown, and grantable bv
the sovereign, sometimes with, and
sometimes without the consent of the
witenagemote. However, many of
them continued even after the conquest,
and some of them, especially
in our cities and great boroughs, to
this day continue to be in the' hands,
and at the election of the poeople
Therefore from tbe time of the conquest,
it is probable, that the people
in general had no share in the legislature,
until onr prefent form of
government was introduced ; but that
they continued sensible of the share
they had formerly had, and that
they generally desired to have it in
Some shape or other restored to them,
is evident from what was done by the
confederated barons in the reign of
Henry the third, with a view to
^ K recommend

442
recommend themselves to the favour
of the people ; sor if there
had not been a general desire among
the people to have a share in
the legislature, by representatives
chosen by themselves, the confederated
barons could never have thought
of fitch a method for recommending
themselves to popularity; and tbe
people could not have had any
such general desire, if they bad
not known that tbeir ancestors once
enjoyed Such a valuable privilege.
Now, Sir, to discover with as
much probability as we can who
were the voters at our first county
elections, we must consider how
the Saxon armies, by whom this
country was first Subdued, were composed,
because from thence we may
guess how the country they conquered
was divided among them. It is
certain, I think, chat che Saxon armies
were noc divided inco regiments
or hatallions, consisting each of a
certain number of soldiers in daily
pay, and commanded by officers appointed
by the chief general , because
they bad no money sor answering
Such daily pay, and berause Tacitus
has told us, that the Germans engaged
in battle by their trihes or families t
^rendque precipitins fortitudiuis incitamerrlrtm
est, uon Censor, nec fortuitis cong/obatio
turmam ant cuneum sucit. sed
sumi/ie et propinquitaieSt et in proximo
pigoora And Cusar has told us,
that even in time of peace they lived
together by trihes or families ; Sed
magistrate ac pyincipert inaunos singulis,
geniibus cognationibujque bominum,
qui una eoicrunt. quantum et quo in leco
visum est, agti attribuunt.——Therefore
we must presume, that thebaxon
armies consisted of a numberoS trjhes
MAG A 21 NE of MA a A^lNE ^
command of the prince of the tribes
and lastly, that each family consisted
of a number of common soldiers ;
consequently the number of each trihe
and family must have been uncertain.
consisting only of such as the prince
could get to sollow him from his own
trihe or family in Germany. We
may likewise prefume, that they.
brought Srom home with them only as
much provisions as might Serve till they
arrived in the enemy's country. Srool
which time they depended for their
daily Support upon their plunder;
and that all the reward expected either
by officer or soldier was a share
of the hooty, or of the lands they
should conquer; for as they came
here to a cultivated country, and
in search of a new habitation. we
may Suppose that every officer and
soldier expected Some fort of property
in the conquered lands be was to have
for his share, which indeed was contrary
to their old custom in Germany,
where Cesar talis us they had no Site
property in any lands for above a
year,
Thus, Sir, we may most reesonahly
suppose the Saxon armies were constituted
: Thesewe may Suppose were
the expectations hoth of the ofheers
and Soldiers when they arrived in sh^
country; and our own histories and
records will shew us how their expectations
were answered. For this purpose
I must obServe, that longbetore
the reign oS Alfred, the whole kingdom
was divided into shires. manors.
and hydes, which words were ait
brought in by the Saxons, because ^
find them in ail our histories present^
after their settlement here, and none
of them heSore that time ; thereforet
.must suppose, that when a Saxon ^rcummanded
by their respective princes, my Subdued any part oS the cout^^r
and all confederated cogecher under they divined it among the chief p
the command oS tbe prince who ces, allowing to each a share m ^
they bad agreed should he their chief portion to the number of his ^ ^ ^
leader or general ; that each trihe this share was what was aster ^^
again consisted of a number of fami- called a shire. Then each o ^
lies, each under the command of princes divided his share ^
an inferior prince ; and Subject to the inferior princes of bis tribe, ^ ^

^Y NOVEM
whole shares was called a manor ; and
each os these prinCes.again divided his
share amongst the common soldiers of
his family, allowing to each man as
much as was sufficient for maintaining
him and his family, and this portion
of land was called a hyde. From
hence it came that shires, manors, and
hydes of land were very different
as to their extent; for the extent of
Shires and manors was in proportion
not only to the goodness of the land,
but to the number of men the prince
had under his command ; and the
hyde was in proportion to the goodnefs
of she land. However, it is certain,
that even in the richest land a hyde was
of considerable extent, beraufe William
the Conqueror imposed a tax of
6s. upon every hyde of land throughout
the kingdom, which was equal
to a tax of 61. for the usual price
of wheat was then ahout 1s. a
quarter, as we may judge from the
act of the 5 ist of Henry the third,
for regulating the price of bread,
which exacts, that when a quarter
of wheat should he sold for 12d.
bread of a farthing should weigh six
pounds, nine ounces, and a twelve
penny weight, according to Troy
weight. consequently 6s. was equal to
fix quarters of wheat which would
now Sell for 61. sterling
F rom hence we may see, Sir, that
every Saxon soldier, after their first
Settlement here, had a property in a
iuge parcel of land : These, Sir,
^ere at first the only freemen under
their government : Thefe were the
only men who had a right to vote for
any magistrate or civil officer, or to
^pear at their Witenagemotes. And
from hence we may conclude, that the
maxim established by our ancestors
^as, that no man should have a right
to vote at any Counry election, or to
a^prar at the Watenagemote, but such
a^ had not only a freehold, but a
freehold sufficient for the support of
, ir families; and as several sorts
Connty officers continued to he
en hy Such SreeholderS, till Some
^ after the of Henrv the
first, I think, it is evident, that all
such, and none but such, were allowed
to vote sor knights of the shire
that were then chosen ; for I take
the law of the 8th and that of the
1oth of Henry the 6th, to he declaratory
of what was law in the reign
os Henry the third or Edward the
first ; and at that time a freeholder
who had a freehold of 4os. per annum
might thereby very sufficiently
support his family, as it was equal to
4o quarters of wheat, that is to say to
4ol. at present. I shall, indeed, grant,
that in the 1oth year of Henry the
6th, an estate of 4os. a year was not
so valuable, berause the current value
of money had been raised, and it was
grown more plenty, and confeqently
the price of wheat andevery other com.modiry
was raised in proportion , hut
as it then probably appeared by some
record, that a freehold os 4os. a year
was what intitled a man to a vote in the
reign of Henry the third or Edward
the first, it was not thought proper to
extend the restraint any further, especially
as multitudes w.ere by that law
excluded from voting, who for some
time before had assumed and exercised
that privilege, which made it
dangerous to extend the restraint any
further. However, 40s. a year
was then a much better estate than it
is at present, as it would purchase
eight or ten times as much of all
the necessaries of life as can now he
purchased for that money ; for even So
high as the year 2533 we find it recorded
in some of our histories, that
three pounds of beef usually sold at
London Sor a penny.
Sir, I have troubled you wish So
much of our antient history to shew
how far we have already departed
from the wise maxim of our ancestors
; and the inconvenience of our
having done so, is now seat by every
gentleman who stands candidate at a
county election. How much more
will it he selt if you open a door, or
allow the sheriffs to open a door, to
all out little copyholders to vote at
many

444 ^ M'AGA21NE ofMAGA2FNl^
county elections. The bon. gentle- says he, cannot judge of persons ny
man was pleased to tell us, that all times ; but being, for the most part,
freemen ought to have a share in our led by faction or affection, rather than
legislature : He may as well tell us, by right understanding make such elec-
that we ought to admit all leaseholders, tions as are either inconvenient, or in-
nay and all cottagers, to vote at counjurious to the state.
ty elections ; for they are ail freemen. Whatever may be the hon. gentle-
Thank God, we have now no slaves man's way of thinking, Sir, he tnif-
in this kingdom t I mean, slaves tooik extremely when he SuppoSed it
to their masters ; sor I fear we have possible, that a maiorily oS this houSe
too many Slaves to their passions, and should agree to this motion. We
I do not know how soon they may may by a new law give copyholders a
make us all slaves to our govern- rgiht to vote at county elections ; but
ment. A pyramid will stand the it is impossible Sor any gentleman de-
firmer. I shall grant, the wider you liberately and Sincerely to aver, that
make its bale ; if you gwe it a rot- Copyholders of any sort have a right
ten base, it will soon tumble and to vote at county elections, within she
crush those that erected it ; and the intent and meaning of the laws, eon-
pyramid of onr liberties has already, fining the Said right oS election to
I sear, fo much of rottennefs in its estates of freehold only. Every gen-
bale, that it is, or will Soon he in tleman must see, that these words were
great danger oS tumbling, if you do added by thehon. gentleman who made
not Soon pare away the rotten pare you this morion, on putpofe to render
Towards which fide it may tum- an agreement to his morion ridiculous ;
ble, I Shall nor pretend to foretell ; and the honourable gentleman himself
but if it falls at all, it will certain- who Spoke last gave us verv good tealy
crush this house, and make us the Sons for concluding, that it would he
Slaves either of the crown, or of ridiculous in us to attempt to give any
the other house ; and if you do not Sort of copyholders a right so vote
put a negative upon this motion, at elections for the knights of the
the last will, in my opinion, he the shire, by any other sort of iaethod
most probable ; sor it will throw a than that of passing a new law for t^
great weight into the other house at purpose. But this, his, we shall do.
every county election. The eyes of by implication at least, if we do ant
the vulgar are always dazzled with pot an exptefs negative upon shi'
high titles and a Shining equipage, motion ; for as it is certain, that
and the poor taste fo little of the the Sheriff. at the late election for
Sweets of liberry, that they will al- Oxfordshire, did not only admilcoways
sell it for the most trifling conpyholders to vote at that election,
sideration : If you trust your liber- but concluded them in his calculation
ties to those who do not know how of the numbers upon the pull. ^
to preferve them, or thoSe who have this is known to the whole kingdom
no interest in preserving them, they and as it is likewise known to the
will certainly he stolen or bought. whole kingdom, that we were Suf-
Who was the author of the notes ficiently apprized of this and yet re-
upon Rapin's history I do not know, fused to pass any censure upon she
but whoever he was, he seems, by high-sheriff sor fO doing, it wild he
a note at the end of Henry the from thence Supposed, that ail
sixth's reign, to have foreseen what holders of 40s. a year have,. in ^
is now aimed at, and to have done opinion, a right to vote for knight
what he could to prevent it, by setting of the shire, sunless we prevent^
in a proper light the danger of ad- by putting an express negative up^n
mitting the multitude to a right of motion; and now the mut^t,^
"eotisr^ at county elections ; for they,

N O V F M F F R,
heen made, our waving to put a negative
upon it by means os the previous
question, wjll he such a confirmatiori
of this supposition, asi will
at least render it uniust in this houSe,
at any time hereafter, to punish or
cenSure a sheriff for acting according
to it.
What can we think, Sir, will be the
resequence of fuch a conduct^ Genrlemen
who haye nO regard for the
true interest or the laws of their country,
will stand candidates at every
county election, and procure the votes
ofas many copyholders- as they can t
whereas, gentlemen whohave any such
regard, will seorn to sacrifice the interest,
or to transgress the laws of their
country, for the fake of acquiring the
honour of a feat in this assembly ; for
indeed. nothing can be truly honourable
that is acquired by Such means.
In Such an unequal contest, as we
know how the sheriffs are appointed,
can we expect that under a wicked
administration the former sort of
candidates will nor generally be the
members returned ly the sheriff, if
we leave it in his power to do so, by
refusing to put a negative upon this
motion ? And can we expect that such
members will refuse to comply with
any thing required of them by those
^ho at that time have the chief rule
o^er us, and tbc disposal oS all pensions
and profitable employments ?
lt that should then happen to be
a faction of the other house, they
tnay fix the balance of our government
absolutely and for ever in favour
of their own house. One bill
or two, borb very plausible in their
nature, would do the business • and
it these bills should pass this house,
it might he out of the power of the
crotvn to prevent their being passed
into laws ; Sor we know that in a
tamous instance the other house aflemed
a right to determine, that a
person raised so the peerage by the
crown should not have a seat in
tbear assembly. The decision was
shen popular^ and therefore not muck
44^
taken notice of ; but no one can fay
bow far the precedent may be extended,
by a faction in that assembly
aiming at establishing an arbitrary
power In their own body, aud Supported
by a corrupt majoriry in this.
Shall we, Sir, delay providing againSt
such a manifest danger, under
pretence that we' must not take away
a right which a man is in possession
oS, without first hearing him in Support
of his right ? if a man should
claim a tight to rob upon the highway,
and should have exercised that
right for 2o years, do we think,
that anv ^^ct would allow him to
plead such a riglst in arrest of judgment,
or delay passing judgment
until thev had heard what he could
fay in support Of the tight he contended
for and had long exercised .1
A copohoIder s right to vote sor
knights of the shire is of the very
same nature: It is equally against law,
and may be more detrimental to the
public, than a single man's right to
rob upon the highway. Therefore
he can plead no possession from having
exercised it -•- If he ever did exercise
it with inpunily, it was because
he was never detected and
prosecuted, which he might have
been, and may still be, by anv informer,
upon the Statute of the loth
of queen Anne, or upon that of the
eth of Elizabeth against perjury, if
ho took the oath appointed by law
to be taken, if required, by every
person claiming a right to vote at
any Such election. ThereSore nothing
can be more clear, than that no copyhCalelerosn
as present be in posset lion
of a right to vote at any county e-
Iection, consequently this can be no
argument lot our delaying to put a
negative upon this motion, and as it
is, I think, now become absolutely
necessary sor us to do so, I shall
most heartily concur in that negative,
in order to which 1 shall give my
affirmative to the previous question :
and I shall think our constitution in
the utmost danger, if I am not in
both

44^ MA OA21N^
both supported by a. great majoriry manors in each respective county,
of this houfe. and the number and circumstances
of the copyholders, as also the par-
Tbe next that spoke was Posthumlta ticulat customs of each respective
Coaninius, whose Speech was thus .• manor, none of which we have now
hefore us, nor can have hefore the
Mr. President, . end of the session t Nay, even as to
SIR. the particular customs of each ies-
A S the question now hefore ua is pective manor, tho' they make a
. A a very short and a very plain part of the law of England, yet they
one, I have no occasion to enter in- are so various, and so different in
to an examination of remote antiquity, every manor from what they are in
or to consider what was the nature of any other, that, I believe, no genour
copyholds, and the state and coo- tleman of the long rohe can predition
of our copyholders, by their tend to he able to give us any tooriginal
institution: As liede have P lerable information. And if Some
occasion at present to consider, whe- sort oS copyholders have time out of
ther the admitting of all, or any fort mind bern allowed in some counties
of copyholders to vote at counry e- a right to vote at elections for knights
sections. would he an advantage or of the shire, Surely you would not,
a disadvantage to our constitution. even by bill, deprive them of a right
The first of these two enquiries will which they have acquired by immealways
he, in my opinion, a question morial custom, without first heating
of meer curiosity but no importance ; what they bave to say in Support of
because the State and condition of all a right so legally acquired ; lor Such
our copy-holders is now certainly up.- a right is very different Srom aright
on a sooting quite different Srom what to rob upon the bigbway, which che
it was by the original institution r honourable gentleman, who spoke last
And as to the Second, it is a question was pleaded to compete it to ; sot
that cannot come properly under our a tight to rob upon the highway is
consideration, until the question now contrary to reason and justice, aad
before us be determined, which is theresore cannot be acquired by culplaiuly
in Short this, whether it he tom • but a right to vote at county
now, and be the method propoSed, elections is neither contrary to teaprudent
or proper to determine a son nor justice, and thereSore may
question oS so much importance to be acquired by enstom or prefctipour
constitution, and to the Suture tion, in the Same way as the lord
happiness of the people in general, of a manor and his copyholders,
Now, Sit, as this question consists of may by prescription acquire a right
two parts, l shall examine them sePa- of common in the waste of another
rately, and first as to the time, l cannot lord's manor.
think that at the end of a session, in With regard to the time therefore,
a thin house, and before the people his, I think the present is very fat
without doors have been apprised, Srom being a proper time Sor us to
that any Such question was to come enter into the discussion oS that
before perliament : I fay, that at such question, whether it would be an ada
time, and in Such circumstances, it vantage or a disadvantage to our conwould
be very improper, and I think stitution, to admit all or any sort ol
aery imprudent to determine a quests- copyholders to vote at ejections sor
On of so much importance. Besides. knights of the Shire. And as to she
his, in order to determine this quef- method eicber of admitting or rejection,
it would be necessary to have ting them, we cannot certainly do
laid before us, an account of the it by a voce , sot tho' we are m^

I^Y N O V E M ^ E R, 4^.7
rhis houfe the only judges of all it is now properly before us, nor
masters relating to elections of the have we any occasion to bring it bememhers
of this assembly, we are fore us: Nay, it is highly probable
not she only legislators. If upon a we shall never have any such occacoatroverted
election for any coun- sion ; and l shall never be for alterty
a question should arise, whether ing the laws of England, or loading
she copyholders, or a ny certain sort our statute books with a new law, unof
copyholders, within that county less it appears to be neceffary for rehad
a right to vote at that election, moving some grievance or incOnveniwe
could determine that question by ence already felt, or preventing one
a vote ; but we cannot surely deter- that is justly to be apprehended.
mine by a vote, that no copyholder From the late election for Oxfordshire
in England has a right to vote, or we can have no call for bringing such
that all the copyholders in England, a question before us ; for the merits of
of such a certain sort, have a right to that election did not depend upon the
vote at county elections; because question, whether any copyholders
this would not be determining a had a right to vote at that election or
question in dispote before us ; it no ; because the two gentlemen in
would be making a hew law, which whose favour we have determined that
we cannot do without the concur- election, had a majoriry of legal unrence
of the other house and the doubted freeholders voting for them ;
approbation of the croWn ; and ano- and until a contested election happens
ther reason is, that upon a contro- in some county, where the majority
verted election for any county, all depends upon admitting or not admitthoSe
who claimed a right to vote at ting the votes of some copyholders.
that election ought to he present, and which is a case that may never hapate
really present in the persons of pen whilst this world endures, we can
their respective Candidates, whereby have no call to determine whether cothey
have an opportunity to be heard pyholders bave a right to vote at
in support of the right they claim ; connty elections or no But suppose
and the freeholders of the county such a case should happen, and should
are likewise in the fame way present, he brought hefore this houfe by petiaad
may contest the right claimed tion, there wonld be no occasion sor
by copyholders, if they should be any resolution, either in favonr of, or
of opinion, that the allowing such a against copyholdetS in general : All
right would be anyway injurious to we Could do, and indeed all we
them. By this means We should have ought to do in such a cafe, would
the matter on both sides sully be- be to ermine the right of the ctosore
us, and should be able to de- pvholders within that county who
cide according to reason and justice; voted at that election : Both the freewhereaS
in the latter cafe neither holders and copyholders of that counthe
freeholders nor the copyholders ty would then be properly before u.s;
could, or could be supposed to be and all the neceifary facts as well as
present ; So that we could have no customs would certainly by sull proof
proper information either as to facts be laid open to our view: If from
or customs, and consequently the juf- thence it should appear, that such
tice yve pretended to administer would copyholders had for time immemorial
bedeafaawell as blind voted at elections in that counry, we
But, Sir, if I approved both of the ought, I think, and, I believe, this
tame and the method sor determining houfe would determine in their favour:
csis question, I should be against out On the other band, if it should apcoming
to any resolution upon it at peat, that no Such copyholders had
prefent, because I do not think that ever voted at elections in that county;
and

44^ ^a^ MAG A 21 NE of MAG'A21NE^
and that the sheriff had out of mere
partiality allowed then to voce, abac
he might from thence have a pretence
to return his own friends, or
those perhaps who had paid him
for doing .so, has there any thing
lately happened that could be pleaded
as an excuse for such conduct in the
sheriff, or thateouid prevent its being
in the power of this houre to punish
him as he deserved ?
There cannot therefore he the least
pretence, Sir, for that danger which
has been suggested, that by refusing
to come to any general resolution with
reSpect to copyholders, we shall throw
too great a power into the hands of
our sheriffs over all county elections;
but there is very great danger chat
by rashly agreeing to Such a general
resolution, we may do an ect of flagrant
injustice, by depriving many
gentlemen of a right which they and
their ancestors have euioved for several
generations, and which they are
now in the quiet possession of, without
giving them so much as a moment's
notice to come and defend
their right. I fay. gentlemen, Sir,
for there are certainly many gentlemen
in this kingdom who have very
large copyhold estates ; and as such
gentlemen pay as high taxes in proportion,
and are as ready, and as
well qualified to defend their country
in time of danger, as any freeholder
whatever, l can fee no reason why
they should not he allowed to vote at
county elections, if by the custom of
the counry they have heen time out of
mind allowed to do so. But if there are
counties where no copyholders have
ever yet acquired or enjoyed such a
right, and, l believe, there are several
such, I can see no necessity for giving
them such a tight, nor any danger
that our constitution can be expofed to
by our not giving them such a tight,
especially as l do not find that any of
them do so much as defile it , and if
they should desire it, I do not think,
that we could do it by a vote of this
h^nse t fdur attempting to do so.
would he an incroachment upon our
constitution, by letting our Septets up as
the Sole legislators of this. kingdom,
which never was attempted. by any
house os commons but that which
met herein 1641, and w^ know what
terrible consufion ensued from that attempt.
Therefore if.our rich copyholders
should petition for a right to
vote at all county elections, and ing
should think it expedient to comply
with their request, the only method
we could take, in conformity with
our constitution, would he by a new
law for that purpose, and before any
such law or bill lor the purpose cauld
he prepared, it would be necessary to
address his majesty to order the sheriffs
to prepare an account of the
manors within theit refpective counties,
and of the number and circumstances
of the copyholders, and
of the particular customs in each respective
manor, to be laid before us in
the next session ,of parliament; sor
no one can suppose that such an account
could be made out before the
and of a Session. This, I fay, Sit,
would be necessary, because every
gentleman, I believe, will allow, that
there are some sorts of copy holers
who ought not, eve;. by a new law,
to be admitted to vote for kr.-ghts of
the ^aie , a rata at would, l think, be
necessary to six tbe yearly value of
a copyhold estate that should inuitle a
man to vote at Such elections, a: a holier
value than that ofafreehold, which
now by law intitles a man to that
privilege, beraufe of the fine that is
to be paid upon the admittance os
every new tenant ; Sor tho" the fine
itSels may be certain, yet it is, and
always w'll be uncertain, how often
it is ^ to be paid ; and the value os
this uncertainty ought not Surely to
be left to be determined by the judgment
os the copyholder himself.
Thus, Sir, in every light in winch
we can view the motion now under
our consideration, we must think' it
a motion that cannot now be either
agreed to or rejected. and consequent-

ly, by giving a negative to the previous
question, is the only proper
way-for disposing of it, unless the hon.
gentlemen will agree to its berng
withdrawn ; for from its being either
withdrawn or put off by means of the
previous question, no kind of danger
can ensue. The power of the Sheriffs
at counry elections will continue
to be the very same it is now : That
is tosay, tbey will be obliged to admit
every man to vote at fitch elections
who can shew, that he has a
tight by law or custom to Such a vore;
and if they admit any others, tbey
will be not only under the controul
os, but liable to he punished by this
house, if it Should appear, that they
did so from a try sinister or corrupr
view ; for in an affair where the
most clear-sighted are liable to error,
and where questions osten arise which
'are in their own nature doubtful, l
am far from thinking, that a mere
mistake in the sheriff ought ever to
subject him to any punishment. The
cilice is already So dangerous as well
as troublesome, that most gentlemen
make use of all their interest to evade
Serving it, and if we by our severity
should render it still more
dangerous, we shall arm the erown
with a weapon for keeping all the
landed gentlemen in the kingdom under
a continual awe and terror, which
surely those gentlemen would not
chuse to do, who upon this occasion
appear so strenuously against allotvingany
copyholder a right to vote
for knights of the shire.
But, Sir, what surprizes me most
is to hear these gentlemen finding
fault with, or dreading the consequence
of increasing the number of
voters at any election ; for by them,
or Such as them ; I have often
heard it a Hedged, that ministers, or
thofe who aim at undermining our
constitution, are always endeavouring
to lessen the number of electors
at every election, because the Smaller
their number is, the more easily
they may he managed and directed
VoL ^
N O V E M ^ E R, l^, 44^
by court insluetace ; and even in
this very Session we mav remember,
this very argument was made use of
against the Bristol bill ; for it was
said, that as the magistrates of that ciry
arc a Small number, and not oboSeu
by the people, therefore our ministers
were for lndging as much power as
possible in their hands, in order
thereby to give them the nomination
of those whom the people of
that city were to chuse as their representatives
in parliament- Thus.
Sir, the fate of our ministers Seema
to he a little hard ; for if they aro
at any time sor lessening the number
of electors, they are accused of
having a design to undermine our
constitution ; and if they are sor increasing
the number of electors at
any election, they are equally accufed
of having the fame design. For
my ^wn part, Sit, l helieve we have
not for many years had any such
deep designing men for ministers ;
and if we have ^ny such at present.
lam sure, they can reap no advantage
from our potting off the affair
now before us by means of the previous
question, which. as ic has been
moved for, must be put, and when^
it is prat, l hope, the house will
concur with me in giving it a negative.
The last Speech 1 shall give you in this
Debate, was made by Maiiius Valerius.
Mr. President,
S 1 R,
Shall most readily agree with tire
| hon. gentleman, who Spoke last,
that the question now under our consideration
is a very plain and a very
shore one, and yet plain as it certainly
is, it was toto corlo mistaken
by him, for I am convinced it was
nor willfully and designedlv mistated
by the hon. gentleman. The question
is not, Sit, whether the admitting
oS all, or any Sort of copyhol-
^ L desa,

4^ M A G A 2 1 N E of M A G^A ^ l S! S
ders, to a right of voting at county it is highly probable, that some copyelection
e, would be beneficial or pre- holders began to claim a right to
judicial to our constitution, for this, vote at such elections ; therefore in
though a short question is very far the very next session but one, the act
from being a plain one . because in of the torh of that reign was pafits
own nature it is very doubtful, Sed, which Says, " A chuser of knights,
and would require a vety strict of parliament must be resident, and
scrutiny into our laws, both ancient have freehold with 40s. per annum,
and modern, and a thorough infor- besides reprises, within the Same
mation as to the circumstances and counry" And as this last act concustoms
of all the manors in En- tains no other regulation whatsoever,
gland. Whereas the true question it is from thence, l think, evident,
now hefore us is really a plain as that it was made on purpose to prewell
as a short one, as it is no more vent any copyholder from having a
than this, whether by the laws now pretence to claim a vote at any such
in being any copyholder in England election. Then, Sir, as to the act
can have a right to vote by virtue of the. 7th and 8th of king William -
of his copyhold sor knights of the In that clause which directs the
shire i And this question may he faking of the poll. it says, " Before
certainly and absolutely determined they hegin, every clerk so appeintby
the perusal of only three or sour ed, shall by the said sheriff or underacts
of parliament, the words of sheriff he fworn truly and indisfevahich
are so explicit and express, rently to take the said poll, and Set
that their meaning cannot he per- down the names of each freeholder,
verted by the most artsul casuist in the place of his freehold, and Sor
England. The acts of parliament I whom he polls, and to poll no freemean,
Sir, are, the act of the 8th holder who is not fworn, if so reof
Henry the sixth, as explained by quired by the candidates, or anv oS
an act of the loth of the same them." In another part of theSaine
reign ; the act of the 7th and 8th clause, the act fays, •' And every
o. king William for regulating clecti- freeholder, before he be admitted to
ions of members to serve in parlia- poll, if required by any of the canment;
and the act of the loth of didates, shall take the following oath
queen Anne, for preventing fraudu- And the words of the oath are,
lent conveyances to multiply votes

^NOVFMFFR,
Sollowing clause it is said, « A freeholder
convicted of wilful perjury,
or any one corrupting or suhorning
aSreehulder to commit wilful perjury,
and being thereof convicted, shall incur
the penalties of the act of the
5th of Elizabeth.''
Having thus given you the words
of thefe acts, I shall next observe,
that the word copyhold, or copyholder,
or customary freeholder, is
not mentioned in any of these acts,
nor in any one statute for regulating
the elections of knights of Shires ;
and now, Sir, let any gentleman lay
his hand upon his heart, and declare
upon his confcicnce, whether he
thinks, that by these acts, particularly
by that of the loth of Henry the
sixth, all copyholders, without distinction,
are not excluded from any
right to vote at elections for knights
o. the shire. And as to the prescription
and immemorial custom, which
tie hon. gentleman insisted So much
on, l must inform lum, that an act
of parliament aholishes every anterior
custom inconsistent therewith, and
that no prescription can run againlt
an act oS parliament ; therefore no
copyholder can by prefcription or
immemorial custom have acquired a
tight to vote for heights of the shire
in any county in England, no mote
than a man can by custom or prescription
acquire a right to rob upon
the highway. Nay, the heing resident
in the county, which is a qualification
required by the actsofHeniy
the sixth, might still have heen insisted
on, notwithstanding the prefent
custom, if no act had becn passed
Since for ascertaining the qualisications
of the electors and elected ;
but that qualification having been
lest out in all our late acts, those
of Henry the sixth are SuppoSed
to be thereby in so far repealed.
Every gentleman must now, l think,
fee, Sir, that there is a material difference
between the question stated by
the hon. gentleman who spoke last,
and the question which I have shewn
4.^1
to he the true and only one now
under our consideration. Whether
it would be to tbe advantage or disadvantage
of our constitution to admis
all, or any fort of copyholders,
to vote at county eiectionS, is a queftion
which we neither can nor ought
to determine by a vote, with a design
that such vote should establish
for the future any new practice ;
becaufe Such a vote, with Such a
design, would be a Sort of assuming
a sole legislative power. I fay, with
such a design, because we might determine
even that question by a vote,
if we did it only hv way of enforcing
the laws in being, or by way os
a sOundution for bringing in a new
bill. But when the question is only,
whether, according to the laws now
in being, any copyholder can have a
tight, by virtue of his 'copyhold, ro
vote at any election for knights of
the shire ; we may determine Such a
question by a voter. because we then
act in our proper fphete a^the Sole
judges and interpreters- of all the
laws in being, So S'ar as they relate
to the elections ol the members of
this house ; and if this point has
been rendered doubtful by anv late
practice, we ought so determine it as
soon as possible, in order to prevent
vexation, trouble and expence to
gentlemen, who may hereafter aspire
to the honour of Serving their country
in parliament ; sor no gentleman
can pretend to fay, that a new general
election may no: ensue besorcwe
have an opportunity to meet here
again.
Now, Sir, from this very debate itis
apparent, that the point is now
become doubtful. I shall moft readi
ly grant, and from what l have Said
it will appear, that there is no Solid
foundation Sor the doubt ; but what
was publickly done by the high-sheriff
at the last election sor Oxfordsliire,
what has not been done by
this houfe in relation to that election,
and what has been Said by Several
gentlemen

4^ ^e M A G A ^ i N
gentlemen in this debate, will make
ir very doubtSul without doors, whether
copyholders, whose estates have
been assessed at 4os. a year, or abuve,
have not a right to vote for
knights of the shire ; and this doubt
will occasion great confusion, if any
county election should come on before
it be removed. It is notoriously
known over the whole kingdom,
that at the late election sor Oxfordshire,
the sheriff admitted a great
number os copyholders to vote at
that election, and to take the oath
appointed by law to he taken by
freeholders, tho' most, if not all of
them declared, that the estate for
which they claimed to vote was a
copyhold estate. It dees not appear
by any reSolution of tbis boufe, that
the vores of these copyholders were
rejected, or that the sheriff underwent
any cenfure for admitting them:
^dn the contrary it .appears, that we
expressly refused to put bim to the
trouble of attending, and that we
determined the election in favonrof
those candidates for whom all these
copyholders voted. Will not most
people from thence conclnde, that
we approved of the conduct Of the
sheriff ; and that we allowed the votes
of all these copyholders as good votes
for those candidates in favour os
whom we determined ^ The hon
gentleman has cold us. that they had
a majority of legal freeholders : Does
that appear from any part of our
proceedings i How then • can it be
l nown by the people without doors ?
Is the hon. gentleman should tell them
so, there are many who will tell
them quite otherwise In this contrariety
every man will believe what
most suits with his own interest :
From hence ad the copyholders in
the kingdom will conclude, that their
votes v. ill he allowed, if they take
eare ^o giic them of the right side;
and every sheriff will conclude, that
in whatever he doea he will he supported,
if he takes care to make a
s'^h; tettira. F'rom such conclusions
^ of M A G AMINES
we may ^udge how the majority es
the copyholders will vote ar the next
general election- and what sort of
member^ we shall have returned.
This, Sir, may he of the most dangerous
consequence to our constitution,
nor can our apprehension of this
danger be in the least abated hy
teliing us, that the sheriffs will Still
he under the controuI of this houfe.
What, controuled by a houSe of
their own dousing i Gentlemen leeni
to forget, that the members returned
bv the sheriffs are the fitting members;
and if the majority be Such
as were falfly returned, or of such
as are friends to them, will not they
support one another as well as the
sheriffs that returned them t This
is the danger our constitution now
lies exposed to, by the doubt that
has been railed, with regard to the
right copyholders may have to vote
She knights of the shire; and we
have no way to ttuard againSt this
danger, but by removing this douht
as soon as possible. I have shewn,
that no copyholder, as such, can
have any such right either by law
or custom : Surely, we can do them
no injustice by laking from them the
pretence to a right which they never
had, nor can have without a new
law for the porpofe. I have Shews.
that we are the proper prdges. and
the only proper judges of the queStion
now berore us. as we are not
thereby to make a new law, but to
declare what is lawt And I hate
now shewn, that we must do this as
.Soon as possible, if we have any regard
to casting, or to the Security os
our constitution. To talk now ot
the right that copyholders ought to
have, or of the advantage our constitution
might reap by giving thorn
that right. is quite foreign to is^
purpose. lint even upon this Subsrst
1 must observe, that all copyholder^
may he made liable to great vexation
and exper.es. if they disoblige then
lord ; because they are amenable ro
their lord's customary court, wheit

N O V E M I^ ^ R, 4^3
he or his steward is the sole judge ;
therefore no copyholder, let him be
ever fo rich, can be said to be equally
independent with a freeholder ;
and if we were to pass a new law. I
should for this very reafon oppose
its heing extended to the whole riffraff
of copyholders • tho', I believe,
this would be pushed as much as
pnflible by those who aim at undermining
our constitution ; becauSe
where they cannot confine an election
to a very Small number whom
thev may bribe by promises of posts
or pensions, they will always be for
extending it to as many low people as
possible, whom they may bribe by
trifles of ready money, under the
name of travelling charges. Therefore
the hon. gentleman can have
no reason to he surprised at our heing
against confining an election to
a few venal magistrates, or extending
It to a multitude of necessitous
beggars. They equally serve the
purposes of arbitrary power ; and it
requires no deep penetration to see
that they do. For which reaSem, iS
Some of our late ministers entertained
anv such design, and took either
os lhel'e methods for carrying it into
execution, we are not from
thence to conclude, that they were
deep designing mea ; for I will freely
allow, that no such thing appeared
Srom any pert of their conduct:
They never seem to think of
any thing but the expedient for the
day; and by such shallow counsels
it is, that this nation has been
brought into such a wretched condition,
that we shall he inevitably
fumed if we continue in peace, and
f^ll run a very great risk of being
sa is we engage in war.
from such a wretched condition,
we can no way extricate ouri
Ives but by a free and independent
parliament ; and this, in my opinion,
it is impossible for us to have,^ unless
this occasion we give an affirmative
to the previous question, and
a negative to the question upon the
motion made by my hon friend.
[This Journal to he continuedin our next J
MAiy's DOMINION, proved
seomthe Excellence of his-^ENSES.
"|T hehoves the anatomist, learnedst
ly to demonstrate by the enumeration,
Sorting, and affemblage of the
organs of the human bndy, the wisdom
os the precautions that facilitate
its action, and even assist it in the
exerting its superiority over all the
animals. As for us, we ought to be
contented with fetching our proofs
from what can be offered to every
eye without any aper'atus or study.
Such is, for instance, the excellence
of our senses. They are the true
ministers of our knowledge and sciences,
and it will not be improper to
inquire into the exact value of them,
especially after the many efforts
made by the moderns to discredit
them.
God, whetber he is willing to
lead us to salvation, or communicate
to us the knowledge and use
of created things, always instructs
our reafon by the mediation of the
senses. But the philosophers ery out :
don't listen to your senses ; listen
to reason, and to reason alone It
will reach you every thing : it will
lay all nature and the very order
of the divine decrees open before
your eyes.
These promises are frivolous ; and
whenever the philosophers have attempted
to proceed in this manner
which is not that of God, thev never
brought us to any knowledge
that was either sussicient or satisfactory.
A reason that will walk alone,
and never fetches any but metaphysical
steps, is a reason either
actually wandering, or ready to go
astray : whereas it advances from
truth to truth, and bears a most
real fway all the earth over, when,
according to the institution of the
creator,

4^4 Tr^t M A G A 2 1 of M A G A 2 1 N E ^
creator, it walks in company with all
its senses, and imorma itself, through
their ministry, of what it can afterwards
either govern or improve by
means of its discernment,
Ask a man born blind what colours
must Shine in she heavens when
he turns his hack to the setting sun
and a sew drops of rain are falling
on the opposite side. Such a man,
though never so judicious, is a perfect
stranger to light and colour:
he understands neither the refraction
nor the necessity of return of the certain
rays into his eyes. Nor will he
tell you of the Iris but what he
knowes of it on the testimony of his
ears. But the ear being not appointed
or framed to judge of colours ;
his reaSon remains helplesa in that
respect ; and whatever it may pretend
to conceive of the beauty of
the rainbow, will but very little differ
from a dream.
Present to DefcarteS a pine apple
freShly cut off from the stalk and
perfectly ripe. Desire him to examine
the inward frame of that fruit
which is but just begun to be cultivated
in Europe, and from that
bare inspection to tell you what the
lnste oS it must be One has a right
to demand every thing from a reafon
like his. which embraces and
accounts Sor every thing. This reason
waa Strong enough to Setch out
o: the idea of homogeneous matter,
primitively put in motion, the generation
of the world, and the true
structure of the planets and stars-:
it has seen man, the animals, rnd
all living creatures distinctly come out
of the Same matter ; and its knowing
the cause in the most distinct
- manner, argues the necesiiry of its
knowing likewise the structure of the
animals and plants, which are only
the effects of that cause. It will
then he an easy matter for Descartes
to determine the mechanism of she
germen of this ananas, and to tell
and qualities it must needs have-
No, Defcartes will never sind oat
that favour in this reaS'on, nor even
in the concurrence of the elements
and vessels of the fruit irself, after
having analysed and dissected it:
His palate alone can and will let
him into that Secret. But, if his
reason proves altogether helpless,
when from che structure of a body
which he sees and dissects ac his
pleasure, he is to deduce che necessity
of such and such a taste;
what must his attempt be when h^
presumes to recount the generation
of the sun and to tell us, The fan
is this or that, and nothing more?
He indeed knows much less of it
than be does of onr ananas.
The Newtonians, wbo, like Whifton
and others, have attempted to
constrnct the planers, and by attritions
and calculations, to account for
whatever passes in them ; do not give
us a better idea of their phyficks,
since they are equally at a loss, and
stopt short by Such an insignificant
subject as the favour of an antral
they never tasted of.
Sthall, Beker, and all the chemists,
may with their dissolvents find mote
oil, more fait, more earth, or mure
of car tain principles in the ananas
than in another fruit, and they will
he still indebted to the eye and
hand sor that discovery : hut thty
never will arrive any more than ^
at finding out the taste ul ^
fruit otherwise than by having recourse
to the sense appointed to^inge
of it. The inspection of the residues
' analysis gives the
remaining after the analysis gives
chemist ho no manner of right tight co to ^re-
cel whether that fruit will he ^
some or hurtful. Experience, as
often has heen the case.
tradict the prophefy ; there ht^
spirits and other principles w^
either carried away or altered 7 ^
fire, and the integrity or umo ^
us beforehand what peculiar
which constitutes
taste the fruit
the ^ ^
Ilete

^ r N O V E M F E R ,
Here is now a Set of naturalists
shat go to work in a quite different
manner, in order to arrive all
at once, at what can he Sound out
oS the real value of the ananas.
Ihev don't lofe time, not they, in
recurring to generalities imagined by
reason, and vvbicb never cast the
least light upon any particular cale
whatever. They first and Sormost
pet the Sruit in their mouth which
is immediately overflowed with a
delicate Syrup, and is a great while
after still affected with a perfume
which embalms it, Tbey then presume
so far as to guesa that this
fruit will he wholesome, and the
prediction is justified by experience.
It is then the province of our taste,
primitively to tell us in conjunction
wish experience, whether a fruit hitherto
unknown to us will or will
not he a wholesome and pleasant
food This is the right philosophy.
It is the fame with any other natural
body. Let that of our senses
to vvhich it may have a relation, be
what it will, we shall judge of it
by shat sense. Our reafon cannot
pass any judgment upon it without
temerity ; the more so, because after
having inSormed itself of that body
by its senses, it cannot give tbe
least hint concerning it, to such as
are either destitute of the organs
Proper to that kind of discernment,
or not placed within the fphere of
activity of their senses.
We may, instead of one example,
alledge ten thousand more, which
will equally demonstrate that hu-
^nan reafon ventures a great deal
in attempting to -walk by itself,
and behaves very prudently, on
the contrary, and anfwerably to
ltS condition, when it waits for
aad collects the several advices of
its lenfes, which arc the instruments
ol a constant and universal instruction
to it.
let us take care however, not to
run headlong into mistakes here, by
4 ^
inslaving our reaSon For if it can
make discoveries without the assistance
of the senses, it is not just to
assign a certain province for reason,
and a peculiar district for our senses ?
Do we not difparage that Sublime
and penetrating reason, by making
the certainry of the major pert of its
uSual learning to depend upon the
testimony and experience of its Sen-
Ses ? iS they had been given us to
instruct our reaSon and enable it to
act, would tbey he So imperfect as
tbey are ? We know no more tban
tbe outfides of objects by means of
our senses : and when we enquire
into the principles of bodies, or the
structure of the fmall vefsela, or the
action of the minutelt organ these
things prove altogether unaCceffsble
to our senses. We must repute as
an insult done to reason, the words
of that member of the academy.
who said that the anatomists. and
even the philosophers resemble our
hackeey -coachmen, who traverse backwards
and forwards, and cast all the
streets by their refpective names, but
never enter into their houses. This
farcafm is exactly true, when you
fpeak of a philosopher, who thinks
that his knowledge ends where his
senses have no longer any thing to
teach him. But let us leave Such an
abject method to vulgar Souls. It is
not the province of reason, when
our senses fail us, to supply and unfold
the rest to us t Nay was it not
in order to oblige it to walk without
a guide, that senses were given to
it, in a degree much less perfect,
than to a great many animals ^ A
bird discovers upon the earth feeds
that are interceptible to our eyes.
What is it that can he compared
in point os sharpnefa to the Smelling
of the dog and the birds of prey ^
Do not the two cornets that stand
up an end over the head of the
cat, render his hearing sensible of
tbe Smallest mouse ^ Why then should
we raise the digniry of man on account
of bis Senses, in which he

4 ^ M A G A 2 f N E ^ f M A G A 2 1 N E ^
is inferior to the animals, instead of Arabian perfumes : Whereas man nier
deriving bis glory from the pure- and gives a name to every thing.
' ly intellectual philosophy, in point He oftentimes distinguishes with the
of which he has not in his like t Slightest glance, the productions of
This is the cant which people are one province from those, of another.
never tired with repeating over and And you will find the collections of
over. Sir Hans Sloane and Mr. Bomiier
Men may reverence the purely in- de la Mosson, samples of, the pretellectnal
philosophy as much as they seats which man receives from oae
please. But as we are here making pule to the other- After his lenses
the elogium of man, we think it our have informed him of .the outward
duty, to fetch the matter of it from properties and real qualities of these
real advantages, rather than from Several productions, he reasons upon
the faculty of having fine dreams, the use that may be made of t heart
and of building fystems independent He compares them with some others,
of the Senses. We take man for or improves the one with the other.
what he is, and we find that the He fixes the use of them, and hy
real progresses of his reason, are ow- that means the effects. he observes
ing to the right use it makes of its are so many guides to him toward
senses. I own that you will find a- discovering Some new ones. Thus it
mong animals, a Sew sensations of a is that his senses and reason, his
sharpness Superior to what we expe- physics and his domain were made
rience. But the animals hardly ex- to proceed always hand in hand.
• eel us in more than in one point, Those who separate them talk singewhich
is their peculiar share oS per- times very loud - But they are ao
section. An exquisite fmell is the longer in the order established hy
property of the terrier, who creeps the creator : They promise to oac
thro' dark places, and under briars age, discoveries that are the lsu^hand
brambles, and a sharp piercing ing stock of the following. Their
sight the property of the greyhound, reason evaporates, and their domain
who uses it upon the plain. Where- slips out of their hands. Leibaita.
as many may, by the re-union of centred in bis own ideas, boa^
his senSes, be informed of what con- forth monad cs, and the pre-estahlisle
cemS him all over the earth, and of ed harmony. Van Helmont, pronnwhat
God has dene for him in past sua •to all the world the transmutation
ages. of metals, and • the universal terracing.
Place a horse between two parcels whereas he has, framed an ided
of hay or of oats, which our eyes System to himself, and then dies
and Smelling may perhaps judge to without having ejected any tiring,
he of equal goodness, and he never and leaves his family in a most dewill
misa the hest, but will constant- ploeable condiniom Duseartes saw^r
ly reject that which is old or im- his reason gold and iron proceedpaired.
The delicacy of this dif- ing from the fame inafs ot hem^'
cerument relates to his peculiar inte- geneous matter : Whereas Boeth^e
reft. But it is the Sum total of his has seea. in a athosisand Sensihlen^
knowledge : He knows neither on nipulation^, • that what is rro g^
what plain these oats grew, nor what shall never become gold, sad ch^
meadow will yield the best hay. He what is mercury sealI never ces
is besides perfectly insensible to what to be Such- it os in*
has no relation to bis condition or Alsho man is already much
way of living He takes no de- denied to his senSes, to which ^
light in the Smell os exquisite meats, owes whatever,^ bo can
nor in the fight of gold, nor ia the any eaactaefa of the.^oo^ ,

N O V E M B E R , 4^7
she heavens, of the outsides and of on all God has placed on its abode.
she very bowels of the earth : Here What it is its utmost concern to
is a new set of favours, which he know, as well as what it knows
receives from the same quarter, and enough to he able to regulate it,
which are equal or even superior to is what it learns from the senses.
the foregoing- Is he not folely in- It meets vvitb nothing but uncertaindehted
to his senses, sor the know- ry and tribulation, whenever it henledge
of all that has passed on the ters within itself. It is conseions of
earth ever since its being inhabited, its being itself nothing but darkaud
for all the agreeable instructions ness. It is Senfible, that far from
oS history, which are fo very fit to being intitled to despise the testigive
him prudence, and improve his mony of its senses, its appointment
heart ? His reafon may turn to its is to make use of them, and that
own advantage, the several monu- they are the means granted it to
meats offered it by its senses: arrive at fome kind of real knowwhereas
it finds within itself neither ledge. It shall not then fra.me a set
the dates, nor the events, nor the of physic es, or an history, or a retnotiyes
of them- ligiort to itself : But it will receive
Again, God employs the ministry them from some other place. 'Tin
of the lenses of man when, be is true, reason observes and judges t
pleased to grant bim a treasure Sar It operates and governs a But that
more prccions than the bare know- is always on condition that the fenledge
os Sacts, I mean the gift of ses shall never cease to be the mo-a
faith and the obedience to the gof- nitors and ministers of its governprl
Beafon by itself can no more meat.
guess the choice of the means by
which God has bern pleased to save Some M.aXI.ws of P O L l C Y.
man, than it can, by its most profound
meditations, guefa at past e- Which enub/ed the illnstrsous ^treeu Elivents,
or at what is at the centre of zabeth to frustrate all the Affempfs of
she earth. But God did nor Suffer her Enemies to distrub the Tranquility
it to be ignorant or even nncer- of her Government dering her whole
tain of what was sufficient for it. Reign.
I he monuments and Sensible testimonies
oS what we are to believe T^Lizabesh had for enemies. France.
or do, are ever standing. How per- the (^ucen of Scotland, the pope,
plexed reason will be, if it must and all the Catholic powers ; for
suggest to irself the rule of faith tho' Philip II had not yet declared
and morality ! But bow eafy it will himself, She knew he was nor her
be. on the other hand, if the said friend On the other, hand she had
rule is already made, if that rule the Irish, arid a great part of her
passes from one generation to ano- English subjects. to guard against,
tner, and man needs only have ears without having one ally to assist her.
to hear lt.o She was therefore to seek in herself,
ne lenses and organs of man are in her prudence, in her gond conduct,
Io exquisitely matched, that bv their. and in her own Subjects, the assistance
nelp, reason keeps a correspondence she yvould have vainly sought else-
^th the whole universe • pest things where To obtain fpeedily and wisoecome
prefent to it . and is may singly the aid, which she foresaw
it2 prudence and industry, up- would be frequently wanted, she had
, . but one way ; and that was, « to
xy ex audits make herself beloved by her people;'
^ ^M ^ what

4 ^ ^ MAGA21NE- ofMAGA21NE^
which was the governing maxim of undeserving persons." She was apher
conduct. Happily for her, the prehensive of nothing more than to
qualities of her heart and mind were render contemptible dignities destin-
So disposed, that she never deviated ed for the recompence of merit and
from so necessary a rule. Wherefore virtue. By this wise conduct she ait
may he affirmed, that no King of voided the disobliging of men who
England was ever more sincerely he- might have aspired to honours; had
loved by bis people than Elizaheth.' they seen them hestowed on others
hist, to demonstrate this elegy not of no greater merit than themfelves.
to be groundless, it is necessary to be This was a maxim from which She
more particular upon this Subject rarely departed during the whole couise
It is certain that her truly prore- oS her reign.
stant Subjects were much more nu- Lastly, she used her constant enmerous
than the catholics. What deavours « to cauSe justice Co be ittttherefore
could she do better, than

.^rN^OVFMFFR, 4^
trade of tho world, commands the
wealth oSthe world, and, consequently,
the world itSclf
Again, as he that is master of the
field, is said to he master of every
town, when it shall please him; so
he that is master of the sea, may,
ia Some sort, he said to he master of
every country; at least such as are
bordering on the sea : For he is at
liberty to begin and end war, where,
when, and on what terms hepleaseth;
and extend his conquests even to the
AntiPodea.
Fngland heing situated in ihe very
jaws of Neptune, by ber commodious
harbours, rivers, bays, natural and
inedern fortifications, stands or lies fairest
to he lords of the sea, of any people
in the world.
And she is the best accommodated
with Sea-potts of any placc in Christendom,
if not the yvhole world.
This nation being an island comparatively,
were it not for that Isthmus,
or neck of land, in the north,
that joins it to Sootland, itmust be uaiversally
allowed, that her floating
castles must defend her from all foreign
invasions or incursions, and protect and
maintain her trade and commerce at
home.
And if ever the naval power of
England he overcome by the French,
according to all human probability,
it must prove a fatal overthrow, so far
as they can reach, with sire and fword,
^tc. being sporr'd on by ambition and
avarice, revenge and interest.
We having tor so many generations,
last past, lorded it over the seas, insomuch
that the very name of the English
struck terror and consternation sn
all those that dutst oppose us.
And, it is most certain, that the royal
nsur.. .-. .L- . • ... ... '
navy is the primum mobile of the nation,
and all its territories ; without
which, 'tis impossible to pteferve the
farmer glory of our ancestors, or secure
the trade and commerce, and sovereignty
of the Seas.
And by reaSon of our great and po-
o Gaal, town, ot Yarmouth heing then. as is ceneeivnd, the c
e^atimeree Sor the Gauls.
tent naval force, which is the portculis
and guard of the realm, England
hath gain'd by conquest, a sovereign
power and command over the seas.
That princes may have an exclusive
property in the sovereignty of the several
parts of the sea, and in the passage,
fishing, and the shores, is so evidently
true, by way of fact, as no man that
ia not desperately impudent, can deny
it. The consideration of the general
practice in all maritime countries, the
necessity of orders in mutual commerce,
and the safety of Men's persons,
goods, and lives, has taught the
molt barbarous nations to know, by
the light of human reason, that lawa
are equally necessary for the preservation
and government of the sea, as
those that negotiate and trade on tbe
firm land ; and, that to make laws,
and to give them the life of execution,
must of necessity require a supreme authority
; for, to leave every part of
the sea^ and shores to an arbitrary
and promiscuous use, without a correcting
or securing power, in cafe of.
wrong or danger, is to make men in
the like condition with fishes, where
the greater devour, and fwallow tbe
less.
It would Seem ridiculous, if anv man
should assert that the sea ought to be
left without protection, so that any
one might do therein well or ill, robbing,
spoiling, and making it unnavigable,
or whatsoever should he fitting
in their eyes.
When Julius Caesar first undertook
the invasion of this isle, he Summoned
the neighbouring Gauls to
inSorm him of the shores, ports, havens,
and other things convenient, that
might accelerate his intended conquest;
but from them noting could he had.
they answering, all commerce and traffic,
and visiting their ports, was interdicted
to all nations, hefore licence
had ; nor could any but merchants visit
the fame ; and then they dad places
assigned them^, whither they should
come : Nor was this dotniu.o.i .'a .r

^ MAGA21NE ofMAGA21^E^
the Britons then used, commanded
without a naval force, the sight of
which when Cesar saw, he preferrd
them before those os the Romans:
for, upon that occasion it was, that
Cesar having Seen those auxiliary
squadrons, which the Britons sent the
Gauls in their expeditions against the
Romans, took occasion to find out
that warlike peopla, whose bare auxiliary
aid shook the flower of the
Roman squadrons.
^uod omnibus sere Gallinis bostibus
nos/ri inde subministrata aaxi/ia inteifgeheit.
And when the Romans became
conquerors os this Isle, the same
right or domionion was during all
their time, supported and maintained,
when they failed round their new
atchiev'd conquests, in the time of
Dornitian, Agricola, giving terror
to all their neighbouring nations.
But, when that mighty empire hecame
subject to fate, and this nation,
by the continual supply of men, which
went out os this kingdom to Supply
their contingencies, of the Roman
legions, became at last fo feeble, as
to render us a prey to the Saxons ;
which empire having settled peace
with their Danish neighbours. and
quieted their own homebred quarrels
; and having reduced the several
petry kingdoms of their heptarchy,
under one diadem, they forgot not
to assume their ancient right, as did
the most noble Edgar, who kept- no
less than 4o00 fail of Ships to vindicate
and ascertain his dominion,
giving protection to the peaceable,
and ponishmenf to the offenders t nor
did his successor-, Ftheldred, Canaeus,
Edmund, and others that followed,
of the Danish race, any ways wave,
relinquish, or lose that royalry ; but
t Tari.- in visa Agescofe.
I bo finsy proved by Mr. Selesen, that it
wwnld he impertinent in the, treatise' to rebearse^
Ike voucher- ^ide Jac User. Armseh. Epttl
Flyhernia S- lingt D. sis. r^.
obsequiously maintained it down to
William the Conqueror; and from
him since, some upwards of land
years, in a quiet and peaceable pas
Session.
To mention the antient commissions
and exercise of this sovereign
power, safe conducts, writs of Seizure,
arrests, records of grants, and
licenses to pass thro' the sea, and to
fish, parliament rolls. and the like,
^ would make a volume : In a word,
if right of prescription, succession of
inheritance, continual claim, matter
of fact, confent of history, and consessions,
even from the months and
pens of our adversaries, he of any
moment to the asserting a title, his
majesty may be presumed to have as
good a title to that. as the most absolute
monarch this dey on earth,
hath to whatever he can claim, or
doth enjoy.
Now the dutv of the flag is no
more but a consecutive acknowledgment,
that the right and dominion
of the British seas, not as a hare honotary
salute, or ceremony, but as
an absolute fign of the tight and fovereignry
of those seas, where they
are obliged to strike fail, are in him
to whose flag they vail, and pay shit
duty to ; and in sobstance, is an
more but that the kings or queens
grant a general licenfe sor ships ^
pasa thro' their Seas, that ate their
friends and alliet, paying that obeyfanee
and duty, like thole Services
when Lords grant out estates, referring
a rofe, or a pepper com. she
value of which is not regarded, but
the remembrance and acknowledging
their benesactors.
That this hath been an antt'at
custom, always waiting on that ^
vereignry, appears by that memorise
record upward of 4oo years Since
made ; where it is declared by ^ing l
John, what the antient custom was,
in these words: o < Thatisa^u- ^
o Inter lege, murines fadr sow ^ e ^
terie Johenaie forandi, intittaled, Le ^
eras Hastings. ^nt

" tenant in any voyage, being orea
dained by common council of the
" kingdom, do encounter upon the
" Sea, any ships or vessels, laden or
" unladen, that will not strike and
" yei| their honnetS at tbe coramand-
" meat of the lieutenant of the king,
" hut will fight against them of the
« sleet; that if they can be taken,
« they be reputed as enemies, and
« their ships, vessels, and goods,
" taken and forfeited, as the goods
" of enemies, altho' the masters or
" possessors of the fame, would come
" afterwards and alledge, that they
« are the ships, vessels, and gands
« of those that are friends to our
„ lord the King ; and that the com-

4^2 ^ M AG A of M A G A Z I N E S
Britannicis obvram dederint vexillem
seum e mali vertice defraheul, & sepremunr
veiusu demittent, eo mode, quo ullir
retro tempors'bus, fish q'eocunque anterior:
regs'rnine unqu.ant obsoretrafum suit.
And from thence it was afterwards
transcribed into the loth article, at
Whisehall -j-, and afterwards into the
le^th article at Bred a, and from thence
to the 6th article at Westminster ;
and that clause of searclu'lag each
others ships made reciprocate by the
5th article made in the marine treaty
at London ^ ; but that extends
not to skips of war, but only to the
Ships of subjects.
By the British seas in the article
about the flag, are meant the sour
seas, and not the Channel only ; for
in the i 6th article, they did express
what was not meant by tbe
British seas ^
^'HE following is inserted ar we// to
perpetuate the memory of an event, in
which the suture welfare of Ireland was
se deeply interested as to remain a lasting
monument of pub/ic gratitude, fo those
generous astertors of National Liberty,
ntahose endeavours were se gloriously and
forcescfully exerted, in defence of the most
invaluable of blessiogs.
Description of the Gold Medals which
have been lately presented ^to the
Patriot Members.
On the top of the Medal is represented
FAME, holding her trumpet ;
srom which, by way of ornament,
hangs the number cxxiv, and underneath
this Motto :
Ergo taa sura manebunf.
Therefore thy laws shall remain inviolable.
4 her,, 14, s^a. I Dec. ia>
V ^ But now. by the last treaty
at Westminster, the dominion as ascertained
from Capo Finalise tothe middle point of the
Lend Yen fatten, in Norway, Feb. v. a^ 1-4.
On one fide, is the SaEA^ERwish
a porse in his lefr.hand, followed hy
Members, as if condng out of the
House; opposite to him Stands HiatRNla,
upon whose head, wish his
right hand, the SrEAxER supports
the Cap of I.iberry ; hehind her are
two figures, representing LarDustRv
and LOYALLY • on the bottom, which
ie strewed with Parchments and Money,
are rvuo figures of a Fox and a
Vulture : round the edge are the following
words :
—Sllcun^ue forenf ea facta micorer,
Vincet ^strie.
Howsoever posterity may regard this
transaction, the love of our country
will he superior.
On the reverse is the following inseriprion
:
Sacrum Senaloribus cxxiv, qui terraces
propestti, jura Patrie forfiter ac prude*fer
vindecarunt, dee x v 1 1 Dec. a^C
Christiana, 1753. ^nocirca viviz
fortes.
Sacred so the cxxiv Senators, who
nobly resolute. with fortitude and
wisdom, maintained the Rights ot
their Country, on the xvii day of
Decemher, in the year of our byld
1753. Wherefore preserve your fpirit
And round the horder.
^uiquefor' memores
a/ios secere mrcrertde
Who by deserving well have purchas d
Fame.
Societies for promoting useful improvemeuts
in Agriculture, Arts, and
Manufactures recomrnendul-
To fhe P U B L I C.
'^T is with the utmost pleasure this
| we observe a spirit of true petriotisul
and love for the public appear
in any pert of the kingom ; and ^
are not without hope that exat^
will make it more general, ^

I ^ y N O V F M ^ F R ,
4^3
as the dublic itSelf is only an ag- To such farmers who shall produce,
gregate of individuals, and every in- in the year 1756, the first, second, or
dividual who promotes the puhlie third best field of turnips, on any farm
goad, must himself share the common above the yearly value of four pounds
benefit, in proportion to the value in the county of Brecon, in the follow-
of his property, and the extent of ing proportions, viz.
his posse! lions. - — For the best twenry acres of turnips,
The following account of a socie- upon any farm of 5 ok a year, and upty,
formed for the encouragement os wards, 71.—For. the second hest, 51.—
agriculture and manufactures, is per- For the tbitd best, 41.
haps the most truly interesting arti- For the hest nsteen acres of turnipe
cle that can he eathibited in this or upon any farm os a year, and un-
any other work ; and to encourage der 5ol. 51 —r or the second best, 4l.
this Society ro persevere, and others — Forthe third hest, ^1.
to imitate them, we shell observe For the best ten acres, upon any
the good effects which the same farm of i 5k a year, and not more
meaSures have produced in a neigh- than a^os. 41.—For the Second best, 3l.
bouring kingdom. In Ireland the —For tho third hest, al.
value of estates has heen more than For the best five acres of turnips.
doubled fince the establishment of upon any farm above 41. a year, and
Sociedes there, upon the plan which under 151. 31.—For the Second best,
we have at length begun to adopt, al—For the third best, i 1.
and of this the following fact is an
inCOatestible proof, and may be de-
To the person who shall produce,
before the a^th os September, 17^,
pended upon aa of undoubted au- the hest piece of drab-coloured wool
thority.
sen cloth, oS the manufacture and
An opulent company of I^ondon
have an estate in that kingdom, which
before the establishment of these societies,
was let at toool. per Ann.
The leese upon which this tent
was reserved lately expired, and
without any application os the
company, i500ol. have been since
given for a fresh grant, at the annual
rent os 2o00l. which just doubles
their estate, exclusive os the
fine. It is also well
she estatc os a nob.. known, that. .......,
noble lord there,
which was let at little more than
2otool. per Ann. is now farmed at
tnore than Seven.
,, . . ---...
growth of this county, 41 —For the
second best, zl.— For the third hest, si.
N B. No person will he entitled to
more than one premium.
No person having a freehold estate
of the yearly value of will be entitled
to any os the premiums given sor
the sowing tnrnips.
The Society being sensible of the
great advantage of good roads, have
agreed, that whatever parish shall
perform tho statute duty, and raise
a sum of money towards repairing
any part os the general post road
through this counry, shall, for every
pound so raised, receive ten soil-
' s -the General Society in Craig's lings from their treasurer, and So in
ourt for the improvement of usefu/ proportion Sor any other Sum, not ex-
' ^e Pleasure to inform ceeding zol. The whole to he laid
^r Readers, tb^t another Society is out in repairing Such road before
farmed in Breconsbire, sin encourag- the 1st of November 1756, under
mg Improvements in Agriculture the inspection of a person appointed
andManufacture, an 1 sin proving 'by the Society,
^General Good of the Counry,
and that this raudible Society Love proofed
these/lowing Premiums sm the
^ '
^ ear 1756, ^
An

4 ^ J^e MAG A 21 NE of MAGA21N^
An'E STIMttTE of the Duke of Marlborough's yearly Income, when Cenerohfimo
under ^ueen A N E.
•i'^' iaifs rlsbe^r Asmpend^ s ^end lend. i^eti ban a^re po -heT I
Pounds per Aeii.
^-^taa - bud lns^s^ls-. rssaet-^fas 1
A S Plenipotentiary to the States ^^ 7ooo
A . As General for the EugIisheforces, on Mr. s^ -•-•
•establishment, — ^ ^ ^ ^
As General in Flanders, on Mr. B g's establishment, — 5ooo
As 'Master of the Ordnance, a . ^ ,, —— 3ooo
Travelling charges, as Master of thefdrdnance, i a
As Colonel of the Foot guards. being twenty-sour companies, aooo
Pension, ^ ' - ' ^
From tbe States, as General of their forces, —— . l^o^
From the foreign troops in English pey, at 6 d. per pound, asl ^ ^
per warrant,..- ^ i — — — y
For keeping a table, a ^ x
sn ara^'-iv -ai Sra nr. ad atT
. a - ioo^
, ^aiS rae adsu*^ bu^ .
as aS sSfiw tnsq rndl .aate^ vatavs ^kt
,,, •.•
as 1
As Keeper of the Great and Home Parks,
As Mistress of the Robes, • , ,
As Privy Purse, —
As Groom of tbe Stale, ^ - - t.^r
^ ^ '" Saris
brecn lal^u^t^ .far.-t^
^^^ a.- iraH sis. s^Si -
. titci Saecl
^ b u ^ Total
W^y 1 thsw tSut ^Aal te, reuar ,bnA
at nl a ^ ry.'S "
s nys end to ryul ari ^ ^
The States General. on the bafde of Blenheim, presented a Bank-bill top
5co00ol. hesides presents from Germany and Flanders, from officers and oshers
for emplovmenrs, and the profits on exchange of money."
The estareof Woodstock is not rechon'd. ^ '• ^
The Emperor ^aveono year to the value of 5oo00l. besides what was preSeut'
ed by tbe King or Prussia, the Elector of Hanover, and other courts-
No safeguards, bread, money, ^ec. is here reckoned. xr .suenduo e^^^
buxS-dSlaeendu-^e 1 t^n^ ova sa.ayaw ss^ buao.^ s
Wrote in a -little Pseee, cassed, The Mirror, The buck, the hero poortsairedhe^
to ^ yemng Lady. The ^ey corvette, thmpendeSec-re;
• But yow, my fase^ forou^lher theme*
'ff^E AR Mift ! within this mirror See Learn to despise the false eztreme
1st The present year's epitome ; Between them both suS1b eusrtron stee ,
Fop^, witlrra^s, Suaoi-. those fore to sense, .. Your little berk,' auno^ror veer ; ^
In rnaauatu.-e rejected henee ; a.--..a Rut midway em -vent eao^yWsoe,
A serin-eotinc.izsocas^aea, . A You 'It tharsawendfendevaavin's traeY
To ciumthe ^aus^ra as. they pose r -- —a Fell ^rysla and.^hisyndly Sous a, .
On Hotaee' plan the work aasot'd, .a--- With Safety then she poet ysna^
The utile end dince mur'd , And tree politeness will sttha' . ^

^orNOVFMFFR,
r sr^
An Ode in Imitation of Horace.
Y Envy not the poond thoir wealth,
I Ybeir equipage end state ;
Cive me but irrnoeence end health,
S aik not to be great.
1 ia this Sweet retirement find
Ajcy nakr^wn to ltinge ; •
Yor Scepters to avirtaanna naiad
Seem vain and empty things-
Crest Cincinnatna, at his plough,
With brighter lustre Shone
Ybara guilty Casar e'er could shew,
Ybes' Seated on a throne.
YamrrStaaous daya, end eeltlese nighta,
Ambition ever knessaara, -
A Stranger to she calm delights
OS Study and te^se,^
Tben, free finmenvy, eery and strife,
Keep me, ye poar 'radivina ,
And pleas'd sobers ye demand my sifs.
^ay 1 that life refrgn -
Mite Ltovn upon prrsenting her llaby to Mifa
Ysaieeu,
^aarr Miss, . —
l^ltAY let me commend
f A diSeonfolate friend
And lave her ea wallas yon cane
She's an orphan, alas !
la a pitiful cafe,
And her name aa the fair Marianne.
^ke a. modest and meek,
Tho' her Skin is so fleek,
Aud lo piercing the rays as her rye 1
And tho' you should chides
As I often have try'd,
Ihe never verill make a reply.
v^nom l^tri
Then her Secrecy's Such,
1 can't praaSe it too much,
oat shis ia between yon and I ;
Should she See ua eat bran,
Starch, oatmeal, or tann,
before she would tell, She would dye.
But her ftsence I sear, f. e^ ' •
'day cost ^ou a tear,
If ycaert, like my mammy, Should be ;
Aa a Sampler at School,
Marianne ia the mle,
"araarrrae ia the pottem for me.
^ Marianne with en air.
' ^in upright in her chair,
^^eaceful end chairs and hat,
, ^e heepu wesch end ward,
Her tonrrue baa a aaaed
Brit those', like aelaekan e miSL*
^ ^ear pretty miSs,
ram rxaaatt wing at as, thit^
^ X.
Foe mzmme's may lay what they psoases
Yet in time to he fore,
^ We shall find out a cure,
And have other^neSs models than these.
4 ^
Tom or me MILL,
estat - ifs^'i .ltirtlsssr^riisia •a, a
^v^se hothefldeof Thaea, Silent Stream.
Of Wallaa'a bards tho Sweetly-flowing
theme, (fair.
The e Stands a mill,—-with which nor Manafinld
Nor Pattres', fam'd in sonnet, can onmpare,
HereTwm harmonies, plrea the Sounding striatic.
While with bis notea around the valingringe.—.
home talk of Handel end Some lay
Gearslini tunes it finely,
And whosoever heard Tom plry,
Haa own'd he plays divinely.
'Tia he can all the virgins marre,
And Set the youths on fire ;
At every shake, they pent with lore
At every trill, expire.
Hearts hard as oak, end harder Still,
(Such hearts as Britons wear)
Have often known his matchleSs Skill,
Meov'd by a atrrng and heir.
aeeeMraitry, otacen cruel maid
Aa e'er at wake was seen,
Ia now ^rown kind, fence late be play'd
With Rofferon the ^reer^
And men as' taste, full well, 1 vow,
He S.rsaawato entertain ye .
Allegro Swift, edayo how,
Newt Scute, now prim.
t so every vilinge doer,
SO eVr
atr ran
Thy Skill, O Tom, is known.
Could 1 number elf tho Sand
Velinwing over Newton-strand 1
Could 1 erery fore one name
In Glamorgan, endseSa theme I
Then thy mufrc 1 would trace,
Every hamacmy, ami geacte,
Whether Sola fweet you piay,
FsoSrct da nor, ee plaintive Say.
O. Team of tho Mill, mav yonr line wear eway
Aa Sweet as your fiddles, not fast as yonr play t
And may nomasehanee that Sweet fiddle attend
^at always pouve ^ond, hkeynurieff, totbe end.
Novemhereo,
^ The

4 ^ ^ t ^ a s m ^ l H ^
The Dranmsesa ot the Hatrureo House.
1 '.. e^.sin iiali^t -eealf T
A stew B A L L A D .
'^Y E herlea, and ye heaez,
I Who delight in lae'd claethe,
And doet on the red coaled tribe ;
And ye chiefs, who lave rattling
Of lie^ end battling
Attend to the Siege 1 defcriher
,- ..'-r s - ee.sae s •
At a wake or a lair,
('Tia no matter where)
a yotath, wba had ne'er heen in Flanders
At a council of war,
That wax held in the her,
Thus haran^u'd to his brother commander^ :

Joy's only to the jraSt deetreed 1
Ytse ^uiltrpea^etch expiring, gees
Where vengeance endlefs life bestow,,
That endseSS mis'ry may Succeed
^rNOVFMFER, ^ ^ 4^-
Great Geld, how awful la the Scene 1
A breath, a tranfient breath between ;
And can 1 jeSt, end laaagh, end play 1
To earth, alaa 1 too firmly bound,
Yrees deeply rooted rn the ground.
Are finver'd when they're torn away.
veerings, which enry'ef geeatersa gzrns,
How do ye bind with Silken chains,
Which aSk Herculean strength to break t
how with new terrors hove ye erm'd
The pow'y whose Slightest glance alarm 'd
How many deethe of one ye make S
Yet, dumb with wonder, 1 behold
Mian's thou^btlasa race in error bold,
F target or scorn the laws of death ;
With these no projects coincide,
hor vowa, nor toils. nor hopox, they gerde,
Each thinks he draws immortal breathe
linth blind to Pare', a ppoo aching hoar,
la rigees, or fi^hta, for weeith, or pow'r,
And Slumb'ring dangers dares provoke a
And her wbotott'ring Scarce Sustains
A century's age, plans future geins,
And fuels an unexpected strike..
tier on, nnbridled desp'rate bend,
^cesrn rocks, ^ulphs, winds, Search Sea end land,
^ Ariel Spoil new worlds wherever found.
berae, haste to seiae the ^litt'ring poize,
And fighs, end tears, end poxy'rs deSpele,
Her Spare tho temple's holy ground.
^lay Succeed but sock agein.
the deSp'rate bend you Seek in vain,
Now tread in duff the peasant's Scorn,
but who that law thoar treasures (well,
w ^ ^ th' inSatrste vow rebel,
Would e'er here thought them mortal hern?
the wotld's victor mount his ear.
^xxS marks her ptegee!"a wade and fat,
rinre be Shall reign while egea ly,
tso, vanifh'd like a morning cinnd,
Ybe hero waa but just aldow'd
rn fi^ht, to conquer, and to die.
And rs it true, laik with duend,
lbet natrons heap'dosa natrons bled,
herieatb his atherin^s fervid wheel,
with trophies to adorn tho Spot,
Where his pose coarSe waa left to rut,
And dootn'd tho hiangey repose's meal ^
fortune weary'd with her play,
ings t^ hero, casta asmy,
ASls^ ^ ^Sa fH ^ flt^ll IS -
o'errinw,
^fow^ no ^ ^
mine, funeral geeen I
Vet in this horn- of-geief and sears.
When awful truth unreil'd appoaca,
home pow'r unknown asorpo my breast ;
Rack to tho world my thoughts are led,
My feel in Fairy's labeynth tread
And fancy dreams that life la bseit. a ,
How weak an emprese ia the mind.
Whom Pleasure's how'ry wreaths can bind,
And captive to her altars send 1
Weak ReaSon yields to Pbrenry's rage,
And all tho world ia Fairy's Stage,
And all that act are Suola indeed.
And yee this strange, thia Sndden flight,
From gloomy eares to gey dehebat,
This fickdeuese. so Subtend vara,
In lise's defuSive transoms dream.
Whore men not thinge ore what they secoa,
Ia all tho real geod we gein. i
The Oak end its Boanchea, A Fable.
Occahonnd by seeing a dead Oak beautifully
enr.ompoded win Ivy. ,
A N oak, with Spreading branches crown'd ,
aw BebeSd an ivy on the ground.
EzpoOd to every trampling bealt,
Ther roaaw'd around the dreary waste,
The tree of yowe, in air her State,
With pity vsew'd the iry'a late •, a.
And kindly tnldher, she Should rand
Security around hits rind :
Nor was that only his intent,
But to bestow Some nourishment.
The branches, law end geinv'd to ine
Such juices taken from the tree.
Parent, lay tbey, in angey tone,
Your lap fheaird nourish as aforse e
Why Should you nurse thea stances plant,
With what, yeane hona. tu herse. may want?
May want to raise na hr^b in air,
And makes us more drstrar^wssh'd there -
'Tiv well . the parent- tree replyd;
Must I, to gewtsfy your pride.
Act only with a narrow view
Of doing gend to none her yon?
Know, buna. tho' ^ove herb made me geeat,
I am nut Safe trocar Sfornas as fore.
Is at nut pond esst then. 1 pray,
To^nord against another day?
While I'm aline, you crown my bead ;
Thia gea^ea me airve end dend ,
Thd

^t M a G A ^ 1 N' E of M A G A ^ I ^ E s
I^lte HISTORY O^ ^WN ^IMES.
Besides the GAZETTE Account in our last
(of which it may he remarked noother
Magazine had a Sy/lahle) fhe following
forfher Particular^ of fhe Deseaf
of the French by Gen. Johnson have
heen received.
From the New-York Mercury, Sept 22.
A^N the general's receiving iutelli-
^st gence of the French army's being
on their march to attack Fort Lyman^.
commanded by Col. Blanchard,
one Adams, a waggoner, boldly aad
resolutely. undertook to carry a letter
^o the Sort After Adams had heen
gone some time, about eight waggoners
that had deSerted, returned,
and repotted, that they had heard
two guns fired, and a man cry out,
Heavens ! have mercy, which they
Supposed to be Adams.,-., ,
The general upon this pot every
thing in as good order as time and circumstances
would permit. Col Whiting
conducted the retreat of the perry
'sent to intercept the enemy with great
judgment, to the admiration of the
French general. who is plaased to
Say, that be believes a retreat was
never better conducted. The French
marched up in great order, with
25o grenadiers, choSen men in the
front, well armed, with their bayonets
fixed on their muSkets. bright and
glittering, which at first daunted our
men ; but after the first and second
fire, (the French regulars firing in platoons)
and our cannon beginning to
play, and well managed, raised their
Spirits; and as the French general is
pleased to fay, they sought not like
men, but devils
It is supposed that 7 or Soo of the
enemy are killed, and this will appear
probable, if what Mr. DieSkau
fays be true, to wit, that there were
near 700 killed when he was taken,
whtch was' sometime before the en-
gagement ended. Whites killed on
our fide, (from the best and latest
accounts) i2o. wounded 8o, mial.rsg
6o, Indians in our interest, 3-8 killed
and 12 wounded.
Baron Dieskau is well experienced
in military aflairs, as appears by his
three different and regular attacks in
order to beeak in upon our army;
suit on tbe Sront, where they engaged
us two hours ; they then attacked
our right, which was commanded
by Col. Titcosnbj for two hours
likewise ; where being vigorously repulsed,
they again teturned to the
front, from thence to the right and
left, and at last attempted to come ia
the rear of the army ; when our general,
perceiving danger, ordered Mr-
Boyle, his gunner, to throw seme
shells, which he accordingly did, together
with a sew 32 pounders, which
Soon made them shift births, and retreat
in great disorder.
Almost all the officers from France
are gentlemen of distinction, and of
great families
Gen. Johnson's letter, sent by Adams,
to Col. Blanchard, was found
in the aid de camp's pocket. Amount
other papers is Sound a new and correct
map .of HudfsonS river, andall sheers"
tern parts os North America, which
had been four yean. making and correcting.
tea
It is reported that the French general
Said when he left Quebec, he
intended to go to Niagara, but on
intelligence received when he wss
at Montreal, of a numerous army
being designed against Crown Paint,
it was resolved he should march that
way, s '
It is also reported of an Indian, one
Cornelius, ( whom Gov de Lanci'
made a fachem) that a white n^
standing near him had his gun Split m
pieces, and calling out, What shall
do, l have no gun, the Indian gave

^ y N O V E M E F R ,
him his, jumped over the breast-work,
run up and took a gun our of a
Frenchman's hand, tum'd it, shot
she man he took it from, and returned
to his post.
Capt. Magenis, with a5o men,
forced his way through a very numerous
bndy of the enemy, with the
loss of two men killed, n woundand
five missing ; and though his
wounds proved mortal, his men
brought him alive to the camp, Mr.
Van abaak, Capt. Philip Schuyler's
lieutenant, distinguished himself in
that action.
We are told, that soon after M.
Dielkau, the French general, was
taken prisoner, he acquainted majorgeneral
Johnson, that but a sew hours
before, he had dispatched an express
to the governor of Canada, to inform
hitn, that he had drove the English
hefore him like a flock of sheep,
and that he expected that night to
lodge in general Johnson's tent, ^The
latter part of this information proved
true j
Since the receipt of the above account,
several sloops arrived here
from Albany, the masters whereof
report, that numbers of the Indians
in alliance with the English had come
in there from the late engagement, and
every one brought in more or lefsof
Scalps fixed on poles, ('tis Said upwards
of 8o) and that they gave out, that
when they leSt the camp Gen. Johnson
was bravely recovered from the weakness
occasioned by his wound, infomuah
as to be able to walk about, and
regulate the armv, in order to Sollow
up she defeat : ^ That the whole body
of our Indians were prodigiously exasperated
against the French and their
Indians, occasioned more perticularly
by the death of the famons Hendrick,
a renowned Indian warrior among the
Mohawks, and one of their sachems,
or kings, who was slain in the battle,
and whoSe Son upon being told that
his father was killed, giving the usual
Indian groan upon Such occasions. and
suddenly putting his hand on his
4 ^
left breast, Swore hisfgrher was still alive
in that place, and stood there
his son :—That was with the utmost
difficulry Gen. johnfon prevented
the sury of their resentment taking
place on the body of the French general,
M. Dieskau, whom they would
have Sacrificed without ceremony*, but
for the interposition of Gen. Johnfon :
That numbers of the French regulars,
being disordered in the defeat, unite-.
quainted with the country, and afraid
of our Indians, had come in to our
camp; and others, stragglers from
them taken prisoners t That it was
rumoured throughout the camp,- that •
the balls made use of by the French
were chewed, and when extracted
from a wound, appeared surprisingly
green ; but upon the French general a
berng questioned about it, he declaimed
he gave no such orders, and that
if such bullets were fired, they must
have come from the irregulars of Canada
only, and not from the European
soldiers.
We hear our Indians will join
general Johnfon again in about two
weeks after their departure from his
camp, it heing customary. with them,
after an exgagernent, to return
home with their trophies of victory,
as well as to condole with the widows
of thoSe that fall in the field of
battle.
Friday last Capt, Amy, in a sloop
from Rhode-Island, passedthro' here
in his way to Albany, witb a conipany
of men from that province, in order
to join Gen. Johnson's army ; and we
are well assured, that four companies
more are gone by land on the same account.
We learn from Elizabetb Town in
New-Jersey, that the inhabitants of
that borough oulv, have raised too
men, to be immediately Sent to the assistance
oS Gen Johnfon.
We hear that the inhabitants of
Gneen's county on Long-Island are, at
their own expence, iaising io00 sheep,
for the use of the army at Lake
George , and that they are all to be
at

4 ^ T^e M A G A 2 i N E ofMaca2i. NE^
at Jamaica by Wednefday hext, from guards blue, commanded by Sir John
whence they will he drove directly to Ligonier.
Albany. TuEsoAV 4
Boston, Sept. 1 7. Ten days before The pensioners belonging to the
the action at Lake George Gen. John- three regiments of foot-guards, apson
desired a reinforcement from the peared before the commissioners at
four provinces of New England ; and, Chelsea college,' according to an or-^
^ept. 4. Connecticut and Maffachu- der issued ont for tba^ purpose, when
set's government sent him 3o00 Men a great number was draughted off to
upon horses, two upon each horse, ferve in the independent companies
well accoutred and armed ; and on the now raising.
25ch MassachuSet's sent him 2500 men WEDNESDAY. 5.
more, and New Hampshire 3oeo. The A number of che ouc-pensioners
first reinforcements must have reached of Chelsea hospital 'were reviewed in
him two days after the dare of his Hyde Park, and marched directly from
fust letter, for by another letter just thence to Bristol, where they are to
come from him he was prepering to keep garrison.
invest Crown-Point, and would go a- Tnutsna v 6.
gainst it 9o00 strong, with zo can- A court of common council was
non i8 pounders, sour mortars of 9, held at Guild-Hall, when the report
si, and i3 inches, and 24 cohorns. from the committee appointed to en-
His conducting the battle is infinite- quire into the stare of Newgate, was
Iy mere to his hononr than his mo- received, and the court were of opinidesty
would suffer him to mention ; on, that it would he proper to rebuild
and we make no doubt hate that that goal. A committee was likewise
his majesty will reward 'bis eminent appointed to enquire what is the right
services. or the mayor, commonalty, andciti-
JN- B. He is already created a zens of London, in the hospitals of
baronet, and, it is said, if he re- St. Bartholomew, Christ-church, St.
turns victorious from Crown-Point, Thomas, Bridewel, and Bethlehem.
he will bo invested with the order of and whether such right, or the exercise
the Bath. J thereof, has heen in any, and what in-
FaiDAY, Oct. 3i. stances, given up or taken away, and
Plymouth. Came in a French ship to report their opinion thereupon to
of war, with a flag of truce a-head, that court.
having on board a messenger from the MONDAY io
French king to the admiral in this Slingshv Bethel, Esq; was inaugnraport.
The Antelope lying in the ted into his office os lord mayor of this
sound, sent a boat to meet her, and city for the year ensuing.
brought the messenger with some others TnxsRSOAY 1^.'
onboard. Admiral West having been The parliament met, when his mamade
acquainted with this incident, jesty went to the house of peers, and
had a conference with the messen- opened the Session with a most gracious
get, who Was not permitted to go fpeech.
on shore, but tent on board the French At a court os the government os
ship, which was ordered to pot to sea, Bridewel hospital, a report, made from
which she did the same evening. This the committee, who enquired into the
ship brought she lieutenant and thirty behaviour of the hoys at Bartholomew
of the crew that belonged to the Bland- and Southwark fairs, was read, when
ford man of war. Some of them were severely corrected
Fight men were ordered to be and continued, and orhers after their
added to each troop of the horse- punishment were ordered to be StaiF^
pen

^orNOVFMFFR, 4^i
ped of the hospital cloathing, and discharged.
The Several marching regiments and
regiments oS horse, quartered in the
inland northern counties, have orders
for marching to, the coasts of Essex,
Rent, and Sussex.
FRIDAY 14.
The Right Hon. the house of lords
waited on his majesty with their most
loyal address.
A proclamation was issued for recalling
seamen from foreign service,
and prohibiting them to enter into it,
and for taking up all straggling seamen
; and offering a hounty of to
every able-bodied Seaman, and of 3os.
to every ordinary one, that should
voluntarily enter ; also offering a reward
of 4os. for discovering all able
Seamen, and 3o^. for ordinary ones.
To continue in force till the last day of
the year.
A court martial was held on board
the Prince George at Portfmouth, vice
admiral Oshorn president, on lieutenant
Saxe, who was in a tender
impressing, sor giving orders for firing
into a merchanrman who refused to furrender,
when three of the merchant's
men were killed. Mr. Saxe was acquitted,
and his conduct commended,
it appearing the merchant's men were
the aggressors.
SATURDAY 15.
The Hon the house of commons
waited on his majesty with their address
of thanks sor his most gracious fpeech
from the throne.
A court of aldermen was held at
Guildhall, when an order from the
secretary of war, sor the militia of
tins city to hold themselves in readiness
to march, was read ; on which
a court of lieutenancy was immediately
summoned, to put the Said order in
execution.
SUNDAY 16.
There is to he a further augmentation
of one fetjeant,. one corporal,
and Seventeen private men to each company
in every regiment of foot in
Gteat-Bsatain.
The officers of the ordinance have
offered rewards for the difcoveryof firearms
concealed in any part of Great-
Britain.
Tat 0 RS DAY 20.
Was held a court of lieutenancy
of this ciry, when orders were given
for the militia to he exercised in
the artillery ground, by sour companies
every stay, till they have gone
through the six regiments. The men
are not to march in companies through
the ciry, but to meet in the Artistry
ground.
FRIDAY 21.
After a long examination three persons,
Newarke, BattS, and Swetnam,
were committed by Sir Charles Afvill,
sor a villainous conspiracy, which has
teen^ately carried on, in order to raise
contributions from several gentlemen
of worth, and honour, by threatening
letters. The principal person from
whom those letters were Sent, being
asked 1f he knew any of the gentlemen
present [amongst whom were several
he had wrote to) anfwered he
did not. 'Tis remarkable, that not
only original draughts of those letters.
and the hand that Sramed them, have
bern detected, but also several letters,
which during this affair, had palled
from the several conspirators to one another.
WEDNESDAY 26.
Was held a general court of the
East India company, when it was agreed
to reduce the S to 6 per Cent.
on the capital stock, to Commence
from Christmas next O. S.
SATURDAY 2^.
A confirmation has heen received of
a most dreadful earthquake at Lishon
on the first instant, at 9 in the morning
that continued about eight hours,
by which the greatest part of tke public
edifices and houses of that Superb
capital were destroyed, and upwards of
1o0000 persons buried in the ruins :
To add to the horror of this seene,
the remains of the city was set on fire,
in several places, by flames which issued
from the bowels of the earth, and
continued

4 ^ ^ M ^ E of M A G.A 2 f NES
continued burning from one extremity Jy moved by the accounts of this
to tbe other, at the departure^ of the unfpeakable misfortune, has, daily,
couriers to the courts of France and dispatched couriers with as rauch rea-
Spain. The king, qdeen, and all the dy money as they can carry' to the
royal family escaped from the palace^ court of Portugal, to relieve them
just before it sell to the ground. The in these first moment^ of their di-a
Spanish amhassador, and nine of his steals, and ordered all the customdomcsticks
perished under the ruins of houses on the frontiers of Spein, to
his house, (buthisonlyfon, an infant permit the extraction of all forts of neof
7 years of age, is fase^ and 'd^to ceffaries, free' of all duties; and to
be feared, the English consul, ^ h assist the subjects of Portugal to fhe utmost
of our eminent merchants have most of their power.
shared the Same fats. asiso account has •• The following message from his mayet
been received of this 'disaster, by jesty to the Hon. House of Commons
any immediate difpetches to our court • was presented on this occasion '
or nation.—No accounts in history can
parallel the fatal effects of this shock. G E G R G E ^
which were felt to incredible distances, L S majesty having received from
but the nearer the most violence, St his auahasttder s^ad^id ^ eeetain
Ubes, or SetuVal, i 8 miles S os Lis- account of the find
bon is entirely fwal lowed up. Several tthilh happened at Leshon on fhe 1st inother
towns of Portugal have suffered sinnt by an earthquake, -ch eh has bird
severely, and the waters of theTagus nerasin almost the anddcstroyrose
at Toledo, 100 leagues from Lis- ed many theusund, of the inhabitants, in
bon, to the height of 1 o feet,—At O- consequence whereof these who remain rnest
porto, the conculhon was fo great, that he redoend to the utmost destrest and necofsome
honses were thrown down, and sity ; and his majesty, being moved with
churches and steeples much damag- the greatest concern ser su gond irndsaithed.
At Port St. Maria's the sea had su/ an rdly as fhe king of Porynga/, and
rose eight several timos, afid frighten- with the utmost ^o^ession for fhe died
the inhabitants out of town, At sinester to •redeich t^at eby and kingdese
Cadiz the sea rose to 22 feet perpend^ must he re-hated, wherein great numbers
culas. and almost Overwhelmed the of his majesty's ctOnsuhjects wer e restdint,
ciry,—At Madrid and many orher and many more interested, recommend to
towns in Spain it did incredible mif- his suithsuf commons the consideration of
chiefs—At St. Lucar several shipe were this deendssd and extensive calamity,
thrown upon land, hy the sudden rif- which cannot for'/ to eestect the hearts of
ingof the waves—In short a volume all persons, whe have any scnsc of reli-
Would scarce contain the various aC- giton or humanity ; and desteet to he enacounts
already come to hand: But bled by the house of commons to feud such
what most exceeds belief at sea ships speedy and effectual resiof as may he
were shaken asif they had been dashed suitable fo se assactingandpressing an exiagainst
rocks, and that at 6o leagues gency. G. R.
distance, and the waters were affected Resohved Nemine contradecenfe,
by it in Holland, Great-Britain, and t - That this bouse will enable his ma-
Ireland, and even at tbe Baltic sea, jesty to give such assistance to the disat
the distance of more than aooo tressed people of Portugal, as his mamiles.—Let
the foregoing perticulars jesty shall think fit ; and that such exsuffice
for the present t A more ex- pences as shall he incurred by his matensive
account accompanied with pro- jesty in relieving the misery to which
per reflexions, may he expected in our thev may be reduced by this most denext.
plorable calamity, shall be made good
His catholic majesty, being great- out of the next aids
i ... ^

We have an account from Cape
Good Hope in West Granada, that
on the 29th of July last, a most terrible
storm as thunder and lightning
happened there, which berng perfectly
new, at least to the present inhabitants
of that climate, terrified them
to such a degree, that, after two or
three repeated clape of thunder, they
ran in the greatest confusion, and
making the most terrible bowlings, to
their caves, from whence the most
timorous could hardly he prevailed on
to come out for Some days. while coshers
more couragious. during the
storm fired loaded muskets at the
black clouds that hssng over the entrance
of .their caves. The same accounts
add, that oa the I6th of August
happened a like. storm, and that
the fiuurner -was so exoessive hot,
that the show which some valleys had
been accumulating las several years
past, entirely dissolved ; that the herbage
arrived to great perfection, and
she fruit to a degree ofripeness. which
neither natives nor .others remember
to have seen before.
i' Barbadoes, Sepr. 25. A French
sloop arrived here from Martinico with
a letter to our president from the general
of that island, in which he acquaints
him, that he was informed,
that two of his master's ships had
been taken by the British squadron in
America, under Admiral Bofcawen ;
and as they might attack. his masters
islands in this part of the world, he
thought it was aeceffary to put them
tn a state of defence, and by way of
re^iSalafor thofe ships. he had Sent to
takespossession of the island oS St. Lucia,
(one o^ the neutral islands) in his
^aster's name, and should Sortify it
accordingly • andthat bo should endeavour
to protect all his subjects in
she hest manner he was able, within
his government,
^ of French Ships taken by our Ships
^ H F ^ ^ ^ r ^ ^ i.
I rasa. Sheets and the LaUge, both
A from"Newfoundland for St, Ma-
NOVFM^FR, 4s ^
foes ; Duke of Luxembourg, from
Newfoundland ; Fidele and the Aqullles,
both from St. Domingo, and all
sor Bourdeaux ; American from St.
Dorningo for Bourdeaux ; Reine des
Agnes, with 1 16 men, and La Vierme
of 14 guns, and 2oo men, both
from Newfoundland for St. Maloes ^
Amiable Rose from Canada sor Rochelie
; Colombo from Oporto for
Bourdeaux ; Bontoras from Gafpie for
Bourdeaux ; and the Jeane Pierre
from Gafpie for St. Maloes; Amiable
Margaretta from Gafpie for BOurdeauX;
the Assurance, Pucelle, and Ceres, all
from Newfoundland for Honfleur ;
Telemaque from Newfoundland for St.
Maloes ; Subtile from San Domingo
sor Bourdeaux; Efpenance from Newfoundland
for Horislenr, are sent into
Portfmouth by the cruize rS.
The La Fortune from Martinico
for Havre ; La Paix, and Le Marquia
de Vaudrevil, hoth from St. Domingo
for Nantz; Marie Therese, Terre
Nouvier Grangett, and L'Olives. all
from Newfoundland for Honfleur •
Le Jeunerence from Crosick; tho
Neptune and the St. Matthew, both
from Newfoundland sor Honfleur ; a
large ship from St. Domingo, are sent
into Plymouth
Capt. Douglas of the Bedford man
of war, with all the shipe under hia
convoy, arrived at Gibraltar on the
4th of Sept. has taken three French
vessels in his paffage.
The Reine de Agnes from Martinico
for Havre, is sent into Falmonth by
the Colchester.
The Le Recountre from Martinico
for Havre is sent into Portsmouth by
the Tasker tender -
A French ship iscatried into Gihealtar
by the Fortune sloop, and also a
French fnow from Marseilles for Cadis.
whose cargo is valued at 200^ ooo
dollars, by the Speedwell sloop
The Margaida from Marseilles ia
carried into Madeira by the Humber
man oswar
The Efperance, a French man of
war of 7a guns, after a Smart engage-
^ G m^at

4i4
ment with the Orfordman of war capt,
Stevens.-^—She is since burnt, being
an old ship.
The Rousetta from Louishurgh for
Bonrdeaux, issentintoPortfmouthby
the Kingston.
A large ship mounting20 gucs, from
Martinico for France, is carried into
Plymouth by the Savage Sloop of
war.
The admirals Boscawen, Mostyo,
and Holboume, with the ships under
their command, arrived at Spithead
on the t 5th instant, together
with the two French ships, the Alcide
and Ly^, and i 5oo prisoners.
They left at Halifax theFougeaux,
Litchfield, Norwich, Success, Vulture
sloop and about 2o fail of prize^,
all victuallers from Bordeaux and
Brest.
Admiral West, with the squadron
under his command arrived at Plymouth
the 2ist inst from a cruize.
Admiral Byng artiyedat Shithead on
the 2 2d with part of his fleet.
List of Births for fhe Year 1755,
Oct. 28.' Ady.of Sir John Ramfden,
of a son. ,A
woman in Long-lane, Soushwark, was
safely delivered by a surgeon, in the
eighth month, ot a female child, having
two backs, two heads, 4 eyes, 3
ears, 2 noses, 2 mouths with teeth, no
ne^k, with 'other oddities, greatly resembling
the monkey kind, by which
she Was much Surprised, in the 4th
month of her preg'naacv; it lived
some minutes, and when born w^s
bl^ck as a Negro—-Nov. a The
Empress of ah ' archdutcbySs.
Dauplaiaiesi. . of France, of a prince-
2 i. Lady of Geo. Onslow, Esq; oS a
Son. a- ^ -ady^ osWm. Drake, ESq;
member for Agailondesham, Bucks, of
a son.
list of Mars reaves ser the Year i 755.
Oct | Ohn Bourses of Norwich,
Esq .was married to Mt.sa
M^ GA21NE of M AG A 2 1 N E ^
Dillings of Hackney. Jemmet Raymond,
Esq; to the relict of the Hon.
Charles Craveli, Esq ; John son of
Sir John Patterson of Eccles, Bt, to
lady Anne Hume, eldert daughter of
the Earl of Marchmont.
Nov. i. Mr- Samucl Giinnet, student
at Oxford, to.Miss Emilia Burton
of Cotterel. Glamorganshire, with
ioool. per ann. Wm. Davids of
Rolls Court, Esq; to Miss VeeI of Simon'lt
Hall. 25 Sir John Elwill, Bt.
memher for Guildford, Surry, to lady
dowager Ranelagh. Arthur Holdsworth,
Esq; governor of Dartmouthcastle,
to Miss Taylor of Denbury.
20. Rev. Mr. Cashesd, lecturer of St.
George the Martyr, bouthwark, to
Mils Margaretta Vauban, witb 1 aoool
Rev. Other Philpot, R. of Pedmore,
W"orceStersh to Mils Withers of that
city. Rev. Dr. Jubb, to Mrs. MaSon
of Porters, Hertfordshire Rev. Mr.
Baugh, to Mrs .Mason of Great Ormond-stteet,
with 30001. pet ann.
a- Mt. Norris of Dunstable, to Miss
Crouch of the fame place, with 4oool.
Hon. Samuel Hawley, Esq ; so Mils
Andetsoitof Aldermaubury. Charles
Boyron, Flq; to Miss Henrietta Ward
of Kensington.
Lest of De.ilhlfor fhe Year 1755
O^ 24 .R. James Gregory; professor
of medicine at the
^iug s co^e of Old Aberdeen. 28
Hon, Mrs. Herbert, governess to the
young princesses. Tho. Richardson.
Efq; at Bradshurton, Yorksh. Rich
Shelley, Esq; one of the commissioners
of the stamp office, and deputy ranger
osSt James's and Hyde Parks —Nov
2., W in. Jonas of Place Gwyane, Esq ;
aged, 6S, 47 years recorder Of Beatsmoris
;' he married Ella. Price, heir's
of Dervinhall, near Rithen, Denbighshite,
by whom he has left 'an only
daughter. F.ev. Mr Hard, R os
Holton, near Cambridge, accidentally
drowned in his own well. Sir Reginald
Graham, Bart- at Norton Con
yor.s, Yorkshire delict of Tho. Hey-
^ ^ *' " wt^d

NOVFM^
wood, Efq; who was first page of the
bedchamber and cloSet keeper to K.
James II. aged 100 3 Revd. Mr.
Jeffrey, R of Drayton and Tayerham,
Norfolk. 6. Samuel Rich of Bristol,
ESq; Dr. Hyllyard of Taunton, physician
Right. Hon Lady Aubrey
Beauclerk. 7. Sir Wm. Ashbnrnham
of Broom Park, Essex, Bart. one of the
commissioners of the alienation office :
che title, forwant of issue male, defends
to the Bishop of Chichester.
8. Mr. Roseavell, master caulker, at
Chatham. 9- Tho. Marshal, a drummer,
aged io5, and 00 years in the
fervice, and was the first man that beat
the grenadiers march. 12. Geo. Fox
os Norcham, Hertfordsh. —
Medland, Esq; One of the aldermen of
Exeter, and in the commission of peace.
Wise of-— Wolfe, Efq ; of Queen's
square Rev. Mr. Baker, V. of Bibury,
and in the commission of peace for
Gloucestershire. Rev Mr. Hinxman,
minister of Gazely and Kenspoer, near
Newmarket. i 5. John Porter, Esq ;
inavor of Hull. i8. Lady of the L.
of Peterborough. Lady of N. Newnham
of Streatham, Esq; ao. Hon.
Cha. Compton, Esq , brother of the
Earl of Northampton, and member for
.^orthamp. Mr. Tyfo, banker, in
Lombard-dreet. 2t. Mt,Birt, bOokfeller,
in Ave Mary^lane fir. Woodhoule,
of Litchfield, physician. 25.
James Sawcer, Esq; near Goldensquare.
r^
A Lst of Preferments for the Year 1755.
From the London Gazette.
^ Eorge Lane Parker, Efq; appointed
Cape of a company in the 1st
teg. of foot guards. Martin Sandys,
c.sq; Capt. of a company in the ad
reg of soot guards Ruvignv de
ofne, Esq; Cap:. Lieut. in the said
teg.
St. James's, Noil. i 4. Right Hon
Henry Fox, Esq; One of the principal
ecretaries of state. (Sir Thomas RosanSon,
resigned.) Claudius Amv and
Henry Digby, Esqrs. under secretaries
to him.
Whitehall, Nov. s S. The king has
been pleased to grant unto Wm. Johnson
of New York, America, Efq; and
his heirs male the dignity of a baronet ,
of Great Britain. JohnPownall, Esq;
clerk of the navy office in Jamaica.
(Shelley, deceased.) Lieut. Col. John
Campbell of Murray's reg one os his
majesty's aid de camps.
Whitehall, Nov. 22. Right Hon.
Sir Geo. Lyttleton, Be. appointed one
of the commissioners of" the Treasury,
and Chancellor of the Exchequer, in
room of Right Hon. Henry Legge.
Sir Tho. Robinson, keeper of the
Great Wardrohe in room of Lord
Vise. Barrington, secretary at war, in
room ofRighe Hon. Henry Fox. Tho.
Dunbar, ESq; Lieut Gov. of Gibralear.
Rob Ellison, Efq; Col. of the
44tb Reg. of foot, .late Halkert's.
Dan. Webb, Esq; to be Col. of the
48tb Reg. of foot, late Dunbar' s-
Pbil. Sherard, ESq; a Capt. in the 1st
reg. of foot guards; Nevil Tatton,
Efq; Capt. Lieut, Joseph Orway and
Henry Wickharn, Efqrs. LieUts. and
Meff Farnaby and Comwalls, Ensigns.
Janies Johnston, Gent l.ient.
in Lieut. Gen Campbell's North British
Dragoons. Richard Montgomery,
Esq; Capt. in the rath reg. of foot.
commanded by Col Jordan ; Benj.
Brombead, ESq; Capt. Lieut. and Pbt.
Carrwrigbt, Lieut. Tho. Hargrave.
ESq; Capt in the 3ist reg. of soot.
commanded by Col. Holmes. John
Hale, Esq; to he Major to the 47tb
Reg. of foot commanded by Major
Gen. Lafcelles. Wm Robinfon, Ef"q;
Lieut, Cos to che t 2th reg. ofsobt
commanded by Lieut. Gen. Skelton;
John Salt, Esq; Major ; • Turner
Esq; Capt. George Cockburne, Esq ;
Capt. Lieut. Lawrence Reynold.
Lieut. and John Grant, Eniign.
rr Reynolds, Efq ; Capt. in
tbe ad reg. of dragoon guards comm.
by Lieut. Gen Howard. —Dal
rymple, Esq; to be Capt of the ^h
reg of soor, commanded bv Cbil
Yotke

4 ^
^ MAGAZINE ofMAGA2INES
Yorke James Hamilton and James
Graham, Esqrs, Capts. Wm. Wash
and Hugh Lloyd, Lieuts. Mess
Murdock, Douglas, and M'Laughlin,
Ensigns to two independent companies
of Invalids to he forthwith raised-
From other Papers.
A^Apt. Richard Collins, appointed
commander of the Princefs Royal.
Sir Wm. Burnaby of the Jersey.
Mr. Edm. Harrex, Surveyor of the
act of navigation- Rich. Strattan and
— bergeant, Esqrs. conductors of
the Weft India packet boats. Booke
Otway ESq ; Cornet in the Royal
Regiment of Horse guards. Pober t
Hindley, Esq; deputy teller of the
Exchequer. (Parker, dec.)
The following lest of General. Ossaers
are appointed so coaurniand the since, in
the present posture of affiles in Great
Britain.
Capt, General, His Royal Highness
the Duke.
General of Horse, Sir John Ligonier.
Lieut, Generals. Henry Hawlay,
Esq; Lord Tyrawley, John Campbell,
Esq; Duke os Marlborough,
Sir Jobn Mordaunt.—Major Generals.
lanieas Stuart, Efq; Earl of Loudon,
Earl of Parirntate, Lord Geo. Sackrisle,
Earl of Ancram.
ECCLESIASTICAL PREFERMENTS.
'II LV. John Parker, M.A. presented
to Trinay, R. Gloucester. Tim.
Taylor, u. A. to Upland, R. Nottinghamsh.
Jeremiah Griffith, CI. Kentisher,
R. Devonshire, zaol. per ann.
Rich. Sutton, a. A. St, Mary R. and
V. Isle of Wight, Mr. Adamfon,
Barton, R. Norfolk. Wm. Bunnington,
D. D. Haunchsort, R. Lincolnsh.
Mr. Gndwin, Gilling, R. Yorkshire.
Wm. Martin. A. M Bitherley, R.
Devonsh. Edw. Melsom, M. A. Burham,
St. Alberts, R and Burnham All
haints, Norfolk Mr. Wm. Jackson,
Heilsden, R. with Drayton annexed,
Norfolk. Mr. John Longe, Hackford,
R. Norfolk. Mr. Richards, Tnsmore,
V. Somersetsh. Henry Asticke, Cl.
Urease, V. with tbe parishes of Glun^
well and cures, Cornwall. Richard
Soam, a. A. Thorndon, V. Huntingtonsh.
Henry Chalmers, A. a. Earl's
Colne, V. Essex. Mr. Best, Edincon.
V. Lincolnsh. Wm. Rowley, A. ar.
Alhorongh and Friston, V. Suffolk,
2001. per ann. Mr Hole, Corstost,
V. near Bath. Mr. Burtongh, Much
Waltham, L. Essex. —Mr. Savciy,
Sheldan, L. Devo—Tho. Willoughby,
B. A. Milton, L. Yorksh. Mri
Hutchinson, Feboersham cum Paveitham,
Norfolk. Mr. Hilman, Subchanter
of St. Paul's. Mr. Hudson,
one of the viCafs choral.- George
Dodfworth, preb. of Dunnington.
Dr Bearcroft, preb. of Dellingcott or
Finghurst, in the cathedeal church
of Wells, void by the cession of Mr.
Willes, chancellor of the laid cathedral.
Mr. Acton, lecturer of Clapbam,
Surry. Dr. LaW, master of
Peterboufe-college, vice chancellor of
Cambridge for the year- ensuing.
Dispensations to bold two Lovirrgs
a 1 '.: ^ ,1 .1 i -a - . -
Gharhes Parker, ' Tiring, V. ' t Gloucester-
B. L. i Haatield R. t shire.
Edw. Sherrlal, e F.bfsoair, R. e Leicester.
S.. L B. "tUpinghoora.R. a RutlaradSla.
Rich. .Cotton, a hondi Set, R.eMontgenaerrsh.
M. A. C Mereor, R. t ^iSlop.
Alterations in the List of Parliament.
Place, Elected, In room of
Wareham, Ed war. t Draat, bio lather, dee
Chiehelter, Comm. Keppol, hies brother a R
Reading, joho landd, Wm. ^tronde, dee.
^raokley, Sre Wm. Moreton.
Lu^esshail, Henry Da^by, Sir In Blend dee.
hoasord, lames Peachy, Wm. Haye, dee.
Haydon, Che. Saunders, a place re-elected.
Wjndfor, Herary Pox, drtto. •
Whitechurda, Srr Tho Robinson, ditto.
Plymouth. Lotd Barrin^ton ditto
East Retford John Shellry ditto.
Bret. oS Mortality Srom Oct. it^, to^Nov. ^
Buried " ^
Mases aifto
Females a t t l ^
CbriShernd
Males eta^s
Females 4 ^ ^
Weekly Nov. 4la-
^
a a.
Ihe

N O V E M B E R ,
The MONTHLY CATALOGUE.
DIVINITY. MORALITY.
t^HE confession of our christian
.I faith, called the creed of St.
Ashanafiusperaphrafed.2d Shute, Cox.
2. Thirteen sermons preached on
various occasions, by John Owen,
D. Id. of the last age, never hefore
printed, as they were taken from bis
own mouth by the late Sir John Harsopp,
Bart, as. Buckland, &c.
3. An essay towards a new English
version of the book of Job,
from the original Hebrew, with some
aaaount of his .life. By Thomas
Heath, Esq; 5s. sewed, Miller.
4. Six dusertations on different
subjects. By Johis Jorton, D. D. 4Sa
6d. Whifton.
5. The bead stone brought forth,
Two discourses, occasioned by the
death os James Greenwood ; by
James Hartley. 6d. Keith
MISCELLANIES.
6 The character of the late Mr.
William Bruce. is. Griffiths.
7. A Second letter to the people oS
England. 1s. Scott,
The principle view oS this pamphlet
is to establish theSe propositions ;
Laws enacted by a perhament illegally
choSen by corrupt influence,
and devoted to the Service of a corrupt
ministry, are not binding on
the people.
The grant of subsidies to foreign
pewers is opposite to the national
interest. The troops they are to
hire are not neceffary either to defend
Great Britain, or the German
dominions that now belong to it;
because an invasion may probably
he prevented by our fleet which is
more than thrice as numerous as
that of France ; and if a number of
forces .were to^be landed, a well
ragulated militia t would inevitably
destroy them almost as foon as they
nroosd come on shore. As ro Ger-
^atry the very poy-ers^ of whom
we hire rtoope, are in point of interest
obliged to do the very thing
for which we hire them ; the maintaining
a balance of power in Europe,
and opposing the encroachments
of France on the empire, being
abfolutely necessary to prefer ve
their own Sovereignty and independence.
8. The king of France's instructions
to a French fpv, faithfully rtan-
Ilated from the original found in tbe
pocket of a prisoner taken on board
a French ship by one oS his majesty's
men oS war.
This is an artifice intended to insinuate,
that the members of the
house of commons who spoke and
voted against the subsidies to foreign
powers, arc pensioners of tbe king
of France, and acted in confequence
of instructions which they received
from this suppositious Spy.
9. An account of -the troubles of
Persia and Georgia. 2s. Baldwin.
10. Histoirede 1a Guerre 1742, per
M. Voltaire. Nourse.
1 i . A letter to a kept mistress and
her keeper. 3d. Carpenter.
This is not an address to any particular
persons, but only an exhortation
to perfons guilry of habitual
breaches of chastity, that they would
turn from their ' sins, and go to Christ.
i a. Bradbury's true state of his caSe
Lewis.
i3. Memoirs of the voluptuous
conduct of the capsichines, in regard
to the fair sex ; by a brother of the
order, from tbe French. is. Raymond.
25. A letter to a friend in Italy,
and verses on reading Montfaucon.
is. Baldwin.
15. No. s. 2 and 3, of a paper
called the Old-Maid, by Marv .Singleton,
Spinster ; to be contiuned every
Saturday 2d per No Miller.
16 OdeSur 1a Mort 6d. Wilson
and Durham, See a translation.
i vf An

4 ^ ^ ^ M A C A 2 1 N E of MAGA^lNE^
17. An epistle to Dr. Thompson,
by Mr. Whitehead. is. W. Oaven.
1 8. A letter to a friend in the country,
upon the news in town. is. Raymond.
1^. The history of Lavinia Rawlins
2. vol. 6s. W. Owen.
ao. Demostheuis Oration e^ de republica
duodecim, cum interpreeatione
Wolfianae denuo caitagata, ct notis
bistoricia J. V. Luchisinii. Edante
Gulieimo Allen. Bathisrst.
21. The dancers daran'd, or the
devil to pay at the old house. 6d.
Giiffitha.
zz. The ordinary of Newgale's
account of the malefactors executed
at Tyburn on the lzth instant. 6d.
Parker.
23. Three letters concerning Systematic
taste. i s. Henderson.
24. A letter to a noble lord, containing
a new discovery of the scandalous
and pernicous practice of running
goods from France. is. Jones, a peruke
maker in Fleetstreet,
25. An account shewing the numerical
order of the tickers entitled to
the benefits in the lottery sor
i,ooo,oool. anno. 1755- Costing's
lottery-office.
26. An epistle from Theophilus
Cibber co David Garrick, Esq; 6d-
Griffiths.
27. A letter from a by-stander to a
member of parliament, examining the
necessity of keeping a large regular
land-force ; with the proportions the
revenues of the crown have horn to
thoSe of the people at different periods,
and whether the power in
the regal or popular scale now preponderates.
is 6d. Robinson.
French policy defeated. Being
an account of the proceeding of
the French . in America lor the last
Seven years, and the meatuses pur-
Sued to vindicate tbe rights of the
British subject is. (id Cooper.
2^. The devil upon crutches in
England ; or night Scenes in.London ;
a Satirical work, written upon the
plan of the celebrated Diable Boi-
teUX, of Monsieur Le Sage. By a
gentleman of Oxsod. is. 6d. P.
Hodges.
The scenes described are a rout
at the house of a lady of quality ;
White's chocolate-house ; several private
apartments at St- James's ; the
playhouses ; Westminster Abbey •
Newgate, Bedlam ; the city ; with
the haunts of whores, pickpockets
and authors.
The Sol lowing character at White's
chocolare-house may serve as a Specimen
of' the performance.
" Observe that youth covered with
a rich brocade, viewing himfelf in
the glass. How joy sparkles in his
eyes ! He Seems not to touch the
ground as he shims along. Certainly,
Said Engcnio, he possesses that
happiness tbe pnilofophers in vain
sought for in every age. Perhaps
he has just now raised some worthy
indigent person from the rough
gripe of poverty, and restored him
to the world again—Has he given
a beautiful, friendless, helplalS orphan
a portion, and preserved her
from prostitution, or—ha ! ha ! exclaimed
the daemon, upon my word,
friend, you ate very much out la
your conjectures.—That is Claudia,
who married a young lady of beauty
and fortune, and had the good
luck to break her heart within she
half year. After her deceaSe he commenced
gamester, and has been duped
by every Sharper in town. His
lands were mortgaged, bis timber
Sold, and his steward run away with
the money, before be perceived he was
ruined. A fit of defpair seized him.
but it lasted nor long —He applied to
the ministry.—Thiswefe in want ns
a man who would make no Scruple
of Sacrificing bis country and his coa^
Science. A Cornish borough was ordered
to return him o a a ppc implicitly
obeyed the dictates of his matters.
and an handsome pension wa^
the price of bis honour and liberty,^"
Yet has this Slave the impudence to
boast of freedoms'' a

30 A short account of several ex-
^ cellent medicines discovered in the ar-
, grol of tattar ; with its preparations.
Baldwin.
t This tract is dedicated to Laurence
rieister, M. D. under whom the author,
who Subscribes biinself L. W.
T.D. C. professes to have studicd at
tdeamstadt.
The author relates his proculs without
reserve. He ufes good tartar of
lieghorn, and in preparing bis crystals
out of ten pounds of tartar, he has
uStially sound remaining about one
pound of hatk brown dross ; these
he prelerves from air and warmth,
either of which make them as white
as chalk, and to make his preparation
he puts two pound of crystals into the
retort, and distills at hest with a moderate,
then with a strong beat.
in this distillation Some very vola- •
tile Spirits come over first, Soon alter
the rerort and receivers are filled
with thick Smoke, and the Spirit.
volatile Salt, and oil come all over
together, the volatile Salt sticks to
the top and sides of the hest receiver
So close and thick, that it cannot
he Seen through; the Spirit and oil
^re mixed together, and fall into the
reaeiyer, and much volatile Salt Sinks
to the bottom os the receiver, and
there crystallises. Two receivers are
uled because the Spirit, fait, and
oil are extremely volatile.
To Separate the oil from the volatile
Salt, he dissolves the fait in distilled
rain water, which leaves tbe oil
remaining in the fid ate. He also filtres
the oil from the spirit, but much of
the oil wist still remain both in the
Spirit and water, which gives them a
laOwnish tingg, but upon being rectihed
they become perfectly white and
clear, though he thinks the water
loses Some of its efficacy.
lire liquid as the fixed fait is so
penetrating that it will run very fast
thro' common white or brown Staffordshire
basons, and would corrode
china. London Stone bafons were
sound to keep it best. As to the
ufes oS theSe preparations he fays,
N O V F MFFR, ^
1. That the fixed Salt is of great
virtue in correcting minoral and metallic
medicines.
2. Ail the preparations are of great
power in removing obstructions.
3. Twelve grains of the raw crystals
administered every two or three
hours in Some liquid, cured a child
born with the jaundice and strong
fits. which had continued without the
interval of a quarter of an hour nine
weeks.
4. It also cured a man aged 4o
years, of convnifions, contracted by
hard drinking, and many other persons
of the same disorder, produced
by different causes.
5. Sixty drops of volatile salt dissolved
in rain water, and administered
after bleeding, purging, and vomit-
ing sour times a day in fair water,
so far restored a^ young man to sight.
who had been six months totally
blind with a gutta Serena, that bo
could see a pin on the ground.
6. The volatile salt cured several
female patients of perpetual headache.
7. It cured several inveterate poxes
of longstanding, some consumption a,
a cancer on the tongue, a dropsy,
an asthma. It gives relief in tho
gout, and cures the stone.
It is to he regretted that the author
has concealed his name, and that
the cafes he relates are not Supported
by proper authorities, sor if his account
is true, it is of che utmost importance
to mankind to he convinced
that it is fo.
31. Memoirs of the dake of Sully,
prime minister to Henry the Great i
translated from the French, 3 vols.
4th. zla as. Millar.
32. London protected ; or, the city
and liberties Secured. Shewing the
necessity of a well regulated and able
nigbtly watch. is. I egg.
33. Sessions paper, No. S- in two
parts, 8d. Cooper.
PoatRY, Music.
34. Uriah Davenport's pfalm-singer'a
companion. 2s. 6d. Crowder.
The

4 ^ M A G A 2 1 N E of^ M A G A21 NE^
The Monthly Chronolo^eF for IREL AND.
PitoMotroNs. tenant Colonel to Colonel Pole's Reci-
Nov. 3.1^ I G H T Hon. Henrv, menr of Foot,— John Wynne, Esq;
Boyle, Esq ; Chancellor Mayor to Sir John Whitefoor'd Regiof
the Exchequer.—(6.) Grant to An- ment of Dragoons.
thonvMalone, Esq; of Pr^-Audience, MARRtaot:s.
Place. and Precedence in all his .Ma- Nov. 3 | Ovatt Ashe, County Tipjeity's
Courts of Justice, or elsewhere, a .a perary, Esq ; to ad
of the Prime Serjeant, Attorney-Ge- daughter of Trevor Lloyd, late Knight
neral, Solicitor-General, and King's- of the Shire sor the King's Counry.^
Council, and of sitting and practi- John Coffart, of Cork, Esq; to Marsing
within the Bar.—Rev. Henry garet Daughter of Sir Henry Caven-
Gervais, A. B. to the Prehendary of dish, Bart—(iz) At Limerick, Mr.
Subultet, and Parish of Templeho- Maunsell, Merchant, to Daughter of
dans. Dio Cloyne — (7.) Right Hon. Rev. Mr. Widenham —(13)At Cork,
John Ponfonby, Robert Hampden, Mr. John Shadwell, Junior, to Daugh-
Rt, Hon. Wm. Bristow, Wm. Champ- ter of Mr Thomas Mitchell.— (ai .)
neys, John Bourke, Right Hon. Ar- Mr. Richard Thwaites, to Miss Marthur
Hill, and Benjamin Burton, Efqrs. garet Weld .— (24.) Mr. Edward Edappointed
Commissioners of his Majef- wards, of White Rock, County Wickry's
Revenue.—Rev. John Bomford, low, to Miss Sarah Stewart, Niece to
A. M. to the Rectory and Vicarage Henry Hatch, of Peter-street, Esq;—
of Gallowe, &c. Dio. of Meath.— (25) Laughlin Kelly, of Tonolegg.
(25) Right Hon. Thomas Carter, Counry Rofcommon, Esq; to Miss
Esq ; principal Secretary of State, and Cofgrave, of Datfield, County Gal-
Keeper of the Privy Signer (Edward way.
Southwell, Esq; deceased.)—Nathaniel
Clements, Esq; Depory ViceTrea- D^Atns.
sorer (Bight Hon. Luke Gardiner, de- Nov. 3d^Nly Daughter of Richard
ceaSed) and Sir Henry Cavendish, Bart. Burleigh, Efq; Coliec-
TeIler of the Exchequer. —Re v. Fran- tor of the Customs. ^(6.) Rev. Mr.
cis Houston, to the Prebend of DunS- Charles Peiissies. Curate of St. Peter's,
port, Dio. of Down, and Vicarage of and Chaplain ro Colonel Pole's Regi-
Killowen, Dio. of Derry.—Michael ment— (8.) Reverend Mr. George
O'Brien Dilkes, Major General, and Derry, Rector of Newcastle, County
Governor of the Royal Hospital (Col. Wicklow.—(to.) In Scotland, Lieu-
Hall dec. (i4.)The Lord Chancel- tenant Colonl Meyrac, of General
lor created Lord Vifcount Jocelyn.— Skel ton's Regiment of Foot- ^ i l L
Perer Ludlow of Ardsalla in the coun- Mrs. Mary Damer, Relict of the late
ry of Meath, Esq ; created Lord Joseph Damer, Efq ; and Mother of
Baron Ludlow.—Bigoe Henzell, A. the Right Hon. Lord Milton.—( 14 1
M. to the n nited Vicarage of Dun- In Dawfon-street, Lady SaliShaty
shagblin and Rathregan Diocese of Deane, Relict of the late Sir Matthew
Meath—Hon. John Fitz-William Deans. Bart.-(i8) At Limerick
made Colonel of the second Regiment ly Son of late Abrahain Green. Esq ;
ofFoor(lateGenFowhe's)—Charles. —(23.) In a Dual Patrick Kirwas.
Lord Lord Moore, Lien tenant-Color Counry of Galway, Esq ; — ^o)
nel to General Browne's Regiment of Edward Brabazon, of Beagh, Conn-
Horse—James Gisborne, Esq; Lieu- ry Rofcommon, aged