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T H ^
M a ^ a z i n ^ o f M a ^ a z i n c ^ n
Gom^iled from
O R I G I N A L P I R C R S ,
W I T H
^ K T R A C T S ^Fom ^ e most celeldr^e^ ^ooK^
A N D
PERIODICAL C O M P O S I T I O N S ,
F ^ b I i I l ^ i n ^ ^ G . ^ , ^OF^e YEAR ^DCCLVsI
The Whole forming
com^dle^ ^ e ^ V ^ ^nsl ^^VICct^
ACCOUNT ^tstIi F^fiOd.
VOL. ^III.
Fainted b^ foss ANDREW ^VEla^H, MDCCLVll.

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T H E
M a g a z i n e ^ f M a ^ a z i n c ^ a
^OLUME
.All utltt^llt^ -Acf^ttut of th^ a^it^ ctnd ^ttrrctldef of ^Hl-
LlP^ f^rl, in S^ Ijinnd of MINORCA.
Saturday
^ ^ ^ ^ H E gartison was alarm-
^-vs ^ ed With the first news
^ I ^ ^ ^ Jargc fleet of French
^ transports being in fight.
Sunday its. Part of
' Col. Riche's regiment from the coun-
try, brought an account of the land-
in of their troops at Cieutadella.
1 necessary precautions were immediately
taken, the artillery and additional
gunners were stationed, and
a resolute defence was determined.
Monday l^. The remainder of
Col. Riche's regiment arrived from
Cieutadella, from whence they had
retired, leaving a corporal behind,
who was made printer by the French.
Abril i
The western signal houfe guard also
retired into the fort. All Col.
Cornwallis's regiment left Mahon, to
peinforce the garrison, and the General
detached Lt. Col. Bufane, with
200 men to observe the enemy' a
motion, who feeing no appearance
of them in the day, staid at Mahon
all night.
Tuefday 2o. The General detached
too men to reinforce Col. Bufane,
and also detached a party to
drive all the cattle they could fiiad
in the country into the Sort. Upon
this expedition two of our men were
wounded by the Spaniards. Our
Scents brought advice that i2,ocio
A of

2 ^r! M AC A ^ l N ^ ^ M ACA ^ IN E ^
o^ the enemy were on their march
to Mahon ; on which Col. Bufane's
party retired into the garrison, as
did likewise a party of miners employed
in Springing a mine under
the Grey Friery at Mahon, in order
to fill up the road which led to
the garriSon. Forty men belonging
to the regiment in Gibraltar, and
all the marines on board the men
oS war which lay in the harbour,
were commanded to reinforce the
garrison, and the British Squadron,
six in number, Sailed out of the
harbour ; Capt. Scrope having first
with i.4o of his men, joined the
reinforcement, and sent the Defiance
to Sea, under the command of his
lieutenant,
Wed. 2i. The Marlbro* guard
was alarmed, mistaking the Spaniards
flying into the country for the enemy
; numbers of theSe Spaniards
V ere brought into the garrison by
different parties. We could now
plainly perceive the enemy at Cape
.Mola, on the opposite side os the
harbour, and at night we doubled
Our piquets, and detached them into
the town of St. Philip's to unhead
all the wine casks, which they
accordingly executed, spilling the
•wine, and bringing all the empty
casks into the garriSon ; thefe were
of infinite service during the siege,
in erecting blinds, traverses, and other
necessary ufes. A piquet of
lhe artillery and additional gunners
manned thoSe batteries which were
most expoSed, and on this day the
whole garriSon were Served with a
pint of wine a man.
Thursday 22. A fire-ship was Sunk
by Gen Blakeney's order, which was
Scarcely executed before an account
arrived that the French were advancing
Srom Elliore to Mahon ;
noon which the General dispatchd
the drum major oS Col. Cornwall's
regiment in military Sorm, to
demand the reason of the French
king's troops landing in an hostile
manner, in hia majesty's island of
Minorca. A party of the enemy
advanced as far as Mahon, and they
posted a captain's guard at Middle
Mount, which is half way hetween
Mahon and the garriSon. They al-
So towed up the prizes to Mahon,
which had heen taken by our men
oS war- In the mean time no precaution
was omitted by the General
Sor Security oS the garriSon.
Friday 25. The drum major returned
haying executed in due Sorm
the commission upon which he was
dispatched. ASter Some short consultation
he was conducted to the
D. de Richlieu, general in chieS, at
Elliore, where he Saw a numerous
army on their march to Mahon.
He Saw alfo six pieces oS cannon,
and a prince oS the blond who came
a volunteer upon this expedition.
Upon this inSormation the governor
augmented the guards, and all was
quiet Sor the remainder of the day.
Sat. 24. We discovered the enemy's
approach by hearing their drums
beat, and their morning gun fire,
and Soon Saw their main body on
their march between Middle Mount
and St. Philip's ; but Suddenly disappearing
we apprehended they had
taken a circuit in order to attack
Marlborough Sort, which is Separated
Srom the garriSon by a creek of
the sea, called St. Stephen's Cove ;
but instead of attacking this Sort,
they encamped at about a mile and
a halS's distance from the garrison.
In the afternoon their fleet came in
sight, and bore so near that we concluded
they would attempt to come
in, but they kept cruizing all the
next day round the harbour's mouth.
Monday 26. We could perceive
by computation upwards of 500 of
the enemy marching to Cape Mola
The Duke de Richelieu having dispatched
a drummer with a letter to
our governor, complaiSantly sent him
a present of dry fruit, who in return
sent him back six bottles of English
heer.
Tuefday 27. The enemy took possession

Session oS the town of St. Philip's,
and mounted a guard at Stanhope's
tower. Now hostilities commenced by
a few straggling French, who fired
from the town at Some of the country,
but without hurt to any; this
however provoked our men to return
the fire, by which one was
killed and another wounded. The
French aggressors underwent the
discipline or' whpping thro' the camp
Sor firing without orders. The French
fleet having gone to the westward,
gave a Small vessel Srom Genoa in
ballast an opportunity of coming into
the harbour. We had now the
first order that every person bearing
arms should be ready upon any alarm
; In conSequence oS winch none
undressed or pulled off one garment,
Thursday 29. All our provisions
were removed to a magazine near
the castle.
Friday 3o. The first cannon was
fared from the garrison, at a party oS
the enemy who advanced to a point
oS land called Philippit, which stands
in the middle oS the harbour Sronting
the garrison. We Supposed
them engineers and other officers who
came to reconnoitre our works. We
now received orders to fire at the
enemy wherever we Saw them.
Saturday, May i. The governor
Sent Capt ChiSell to the opposite
lade or the harbour, to examine if
the enemy were erecting any works
there, but perceived nothing. Out
centinels who faced the town kept
a Smart firing all night, Supposing
great numbers of the enemy there,
who gave however but three or four
shot in exchange.
Sunday a. The French fleet apapeared
Some leagues to the West,
and ip the afternoon a large party
ot the enemy advanced with implements
for erecting batteries towards
Cape Mola ; but our fire from the
sort killing a number of their men,
the rest were compelled to take shelter
behind the l^ck^ lill night fa-
J A N U A R Y, 17^7.
vour'd their design, when they be'
gan to erect their first battery.
Monday 3. Between 2 and 3000 of
the enemy were very difcernable at
Cape Mola, erecting a gun and
bomb batteries. The governor ordered
a continual fire Srom the Castle,
and (Queen's redoubt, which did
great execution among them. A des
e r t e r Srom the enemy was killed
on the glacis by the centinels, who
Seeing him Sail, SuppoSed he only
meant to shelter himself Srom the
fire of the garrison, till the contrary
was sound.
Tuesday 4. Our cannon and mortars
began to play at the enemy,
which obliged them to abandon their
works. Capt. Theodore, with 8
Greeks, joined us in order to do
duty : and the day concluded with
firing Some bombs at the enemy, as
they returned to their works.
Wedn. 5. Their batteries being
very conSpicuous, we continued a
brisk firing, which did great execution
among the men, and destroyed
a great part oS their works : Our
centinels from the Marlborough guard,
killed one of their engineers, difguiSed
in a Spanish habit, as he
was viewing the fort.
Thurfday 6. The enemy had finished
a 5 gun battery, and a 3
mot tar battery ; we received orders
to cannonade them without intermission,
which was executed with great
bravery Srom Cbarles Sort, Cumberland
battery, and (Queen's redoubt ;
but Charles Sort only continued the
fire during the night.
Friday 7. The enemy's fleet appeared
in sight, which Siad not beert
Seen for two days before. They
were now 24 in number, and be-caufe
So encreaSed we were apprehensive
they had taken Some langliSli
merchantmen, a great firing having
been heard at a considerable
distance at Sea. This night a party
were detached into town to learn, is
possible, whether the enemy were
A 2 erecting

4 M A G A 2 1 N ^ of MAG A^INP. ^
erecting any worksthete ; when Serjeant
Young and a private Soldier
of the Royal Welch fusileers, were
suade prisoners, and remained So during
the' whole time of the siege.
Sat. 8. The enemy opened the
two batteries already mentioned, and
an incessant fire on both sides continued
the whole day. That of the
garrison killed some of the enemy's
gunners, and did otherwise great injury
to their batteries ; while we
on onr part, were not altogether
excluded from the common events
of war, having had one man wounded
by the enemy, whose shot grazing
along the touchabole of a loaded
gun, diScharged it, levelled as it
vat, at their OYsn battery. Accident
was at this time more hurtful
to us than the French ; S'or two additional
gunners Srom Lord Effingham's
Regiment loading a cannon not
avell sponged, the piece went off and
killed them hoth, In the night a
party of the enemy advanced almost
to our PalliSadoes, and with undaunted
bravery received and returned
our fire for about to minutes, when
they thought proper to retire-
Sunday 9. They renewed their attack,
with the dawn, beat down one
of our embrasures on the castle,
wounded one man by the fplinters
of their shells, and shot away the
v.ane of our flag-Staff with a cannon
ball. In the night a detach'd party
of about ^oo men attacked Marlbarouab
fort, who were So bravely
repulsed by a captain's guard of 50
nea only, that they retired with
Some loStt, and great precipitation.
Monday i o. An incessant firing was
renewed, and kept up with great resolution
on both Sides ^ one woman only,
a follower of Col. Mich's Reg. had
the ill fortune to be wounded. The
ettiemy having erected two mortar batteries
in the town, our mortars and
cohorns were directed to keep a continual
fire tipon that part of it. Lieut.
Kennedy of Col, Rich's Reg. was decked
by water round Cape Mola
to make his observations on their
works.
Tuefday rrr'The filing was continued
with the uSual acrimony, and we
had one man wounded.
Wed 12. The French fleer came
again in view, after 4 days absence.
We slackened our fire upon Cape Mola,
and at night hearing the enemy at
work in the town, we continued a brisk
firing upon ir ; but the enemy opening
a bomb battery Srom the ^uay, vve
with all the vigilance and activity we
were capable of, endeavoured to annoy
them, till about 11, when opening
another battery of the fame weight
ol metal, our greatly exasperated men
hent the fury or" another fire upon that,
which made this night the hottest and
molt furious engagement of any we
had hitherto seen, having exchanged
upwards of 500 shells of different forts
with the enemy. In all this beat of
action one of our bombardiers only,
with 3 soldiers on the (Queen's redoubt,
were wounded, and one gunner unhappily
lost his leg, by one of our own
mortars.
Thursday 1 3. Two of Lord Effingham's
Regiment were wounded. At
night the enemy continuing their
attack, a soldier of the royal Welch
fufileers was killed by a Splinter of
a Shell.
Friday t4. Our centinels having
wounded a French Soldier, brought
him priSoncr, who affirmed that the enemy
were then 25,000 strong, that
transports had been dispatched Sor reinforcements
and a farther supply of ammunition
; and that it was a prevailin^
opinion among them, that the garrison
must of necessity Speedily Surrender.
To this account he added, that
they had lost great numbers of their
soldiers and subaltern officers; and that
by our fire on the preceding night they
had 34 gunners killed. This da V, we
had but one man of Lord Effingham s
regiment wounded ; at night the assailants
and assailed kept an incessant firing;
that of the enemy was but Slow,
however, from their batteries in town.
occasioned

a^r J A N U A
occaSaonec' by one of their mortars heing
broken by our shells; but that from
cape Mola was vigorous and constant,
Small parties of the enemy advancing
near our western Lunette, were Soon
repelled and driven back by the guards.
Saturday 1 5. One of the enemy's
Shells sell on the north-counter guard
among the cartridges and loaded shells,
and setting them on fire, blew up a
large stone blind, broke one carriage,
and buried two guns in the ruins. his
accident disconcerted us greatly. A
soldier of Lord Effingham's regiment
was wounded in the shoulder. During
the night, however, we kepr an incessant
fire, which the enemy did not return
with their uSual briskness, being
err: ployed in raising a breast work Sot
erecting a battery opposite the principal
barrier. ^ e alio began to erect a
battery just by the draw-bridge, near
the N. W. raveling.
Sunday i6. The French prisoner
expired of his wonnds, and we had
one of Col. Rich's Beg. and one os the
Welch fufileers w ouneled by the spiint
rs of a shell In tbe afternoon the enrmy
heat a parley, when an aid de
camp wi'h a drunamer defied admittance,
who being blindiOlded and
l rought to the governor, produced
Some pieces of lead bound with brafs
wire, which he asserted were fired from
the garrison; and declaiming upon the
cruelty of Such a practice among Chrislion
powers, aster some Short fpace
was cor ducted back in the same manner.
No sooner was the officer retnrned,
hut the garriSon receivd the fire os
the whole camp. It may be remarked,
that however just the complaint, no
nation undcy the Sun are more apr to
sail into this error than the French.
I he governor however made all poSlshle,
tho' fruitless enquiry, offering
a reward of 100 dollars to discover
the person guilty os that unlawful procedure.
Monday 17. The enemy began to
^•ay their 5 gun battery, opposite tbe
principal barrier, and nor above 200
^tdt from our pallisador- ; thev alio
opened a battery at Stanhope's lower.
from both which they play'd with equal
briskness. The garrison observing
that the assailants opened their batteries
very fast, er.creafed their fisingwith
great diligence ; and it may be truly
said there was no intermislion, Save
one short Space, in which Mr. Boyd
went to the enemy's camp with a meffage
Srom the governor, at whose return
both fides renewed their firing till
the enemy heat a parley, when ari officer
with a drummer came to the principal
barrier. but was refused admits
ranee, hecause be would not submit to
he hoodwinked. We had a^ain the
mortiheation of a Shell's falling among
our cartridges, which with two barrels
of powder blew up, without farther
damage. We lost 2 men by this day's
action, one helonging to the Slablecrs.
the other to Cornwall's Reg. betides
9 wounded, but nigbt approaching,
and the enemy's fire continuing, we
sustained more damage by she recoiling
of a bomb tban we had bitherto done
from all their efforts ; this bomb from
Stanhop's tower recoiled Srom tbe castle
wall into a place underneath the N.
W. ravelin, otherwise vacant than aa
the habitation of the cooper and a sew
others ; where bursting, it set fire to
some powder, blew up part of the ravelin,
killed the cooper's wife,
and almost suffocated the rest. Two
men were killed on this night at the
work.
Tuefilay 18. Our officers viewing
the beeach, perceived a lmoak issuing
Srom a large store room, which heing
on fire, when opened. the flame by a
vent rag'd with great fury, but by the
diligence of the soldiers was Soon extinguished
The fmoak, however, not
escaping the enemy's observation, tbey
kept a perpetual firing at tbe place.
killed one of lad. Effingham's Reg.
and a Successive shell bursting instantaneous,
tore away three men's legs.
and wounded several others. There
was no abatement of vigour on either
fide during this whole afternoon, when
he had 4 men tROse wounded. The
garrison

^ M ACA21N^ of MAGet^SN^S
garrifon made a brisk firing from An- without injury to any. However,
Struther's sort, imagining, as it after- contrary to expectation, and to the furwards
proved, the enemy were erect- prize of every body Iring to, made Sail
ing a new battery in the town ; for ha- and went off to sea ; and two Tartans
ving fired a 32 pounder, which beat belonging to the enemy chafed the boat
down pare of a garden wall, we dif- into the harbour, neither Seeing nor
covered the work almost finished, when hearing more oS the fleet. We
Mr. Boyd visiting this quarter, and he- had one man oS Lord Effingham's reholding
the enemy's new battery thro' giment wounded this night, while
the chaSm, orders were given to keep working at the battery near the drawa
continual fire upon it with Sour 32 bridge.
pounders, which had the desired ef- Thursday 2o. Both sides kept a
sect ; however, a little hesore day, flow firing all the forenoon, but the
they opened another battery, which afternoon a brisker action commenced,
if I mistake not, is called a requaSee. when we greatly damaged one of the
because of the elevation of the enemy's batteries, by one of our largguns,
in which position less powder est shells falling into it, which burnt
is requisite than usual to guns mounted part of it, tho' all possible means were
level. used to prevent it ; the ganison keep-
Wednefdav 19. A 13 inch shell ing a continual fire upon that quarter
falling in the Cattle Square, made its from our canon, mortars, and shiall
way into an apartment, the lodgment armt, prevented the enemy from exof
some Sailors, by which five were un- t'nguishing the fire ; and abandoning
happily buried under the ruins, and the battery they betook themselves to
two were wounded t the humanity of their fmall arms. and fired with exeeffhe
soldiers soon rescued the wounded, five fury at our men at the palIifadoes,
and recovered the dead from among but to very little effect. Another of
the rubbish, in order for burial. Ano- our shells falling into one of their matter
shell fell between two barrels of gazines, made a great explosion, and
powder on tbe south counter guard, quite destroyed it- We had two mawhich
blew up, and with them one rines and a woman belonging to the
carriage and a few cartridges. We fufileers wounded this day. At night
had a Lrjeant belonging to the art lie- the enemy opened a bomh battery upry
and a sailor wounded, both by the on Turk's Mount, whence they
fplintera of a shell This afternoon wounded two of lord Effingham's
the garrison were in high Spirits, in regiment. We could hear the enefuil
expectation of relief upon seeing my all this night drawing carriages
the English fleet arrive from the west- from Mabon into the upper part of the
ward, under the command of the ad- town.
mirals Byng and West, who firing Friday 21. Two of Col. Cornwalthree
guns to leeward, asafignal of lis's men were wounded. In the mornfriendship,
gave no farther proof of ing the French fleet came in fight, and
their heing friends, nor were they of steering the same course which admi
any further ferrice to us ; when our ral Byng took, we soon lost fight of
brave governor, impatient to hear, but them. Two deserters entered the
could have no account from the admi- garrison, bringing their arms wish
ral, determined at all events to send them : from these, and not hesore,
a boat off, and accordingly sent Mr. we bad the confirmation of its being
Boyd, with other officers, in the even- the English fleet, which we had seen
ing from St. Stephen's Cove where on the loth. They likewise informed
they were discovered by the enemy, ns of frequent consultations held in
who began to sire their field pieces and the camp, in order to storm the garti-
Slnall arena at thcsi: from Turks Mutsnt, Son, which design was only Suspended

J A N U A R Y , i J
thro' disagreement about the manner oS barrack door upon the main ditch, and
execution ; their final resolution, he bursting providentially did no damage,
added, was to divide their army into though the place was crouded with
three columns, that if one were de- men wromen and children. We had
stroyed by our mines, they might make otherwise on this day one oS Lord
a Sresh attack in the lame place by an- Effingham's killed, and two oS CoL
other column. They added, that up- Riche's wounded.
wards of four hundred had been killed WedneSdav 26. A brisk and conin
the camp, as many wounded, and tinual firing was kept up on both fides,
a great number sick oS various diSor- when there Sell a greater number of the
ders. The night coming on, the ri- enemy's shells into the castle Square
gour of war feemed to slacken a little, than had done Sor the four preceding
by a flow firing on both fides, till a- days. At night one man was woundbout
midnight, when one of our shells ed at the works, and another by our
Sailing into a carpenter's yard, and own centinel, thro' the following missetting
a parcel of timber on fire, the take: The captain oS the Marlborough
enemy attempted to extinguish the guard having Sent a corporal with Sour
flame, which the garrison beholding, men to patrole upon the Outfide of
Snatched the occafion, and fired with the pallisadoes on their return, tho
great eagerneSs the rest of the night, centinel not knowing of the detachwhen
only one man of Col. hiche's ment, fired upon them as enemies,
Beg. was wounded. and wounded this unhappy friend in
Saturday 22. We heard great re- the thigh.
joicings in the French camp, upon Thursday 27. A shell Srom tho
account of a victory, as we afterwards enemy unhappily coming down achimlearned,
which the French admiral ney in the artillery barrack, and burstpretended
he had obtained over the ing, destroyed every thing in tho
British fleet We bad a sailor killed house except the people. During the
on the castle by a Splinter of a shell, night, the garrison kept a very brisk,
and five men wounded. Two women and the enemy a very flow fire. We
were also wounded in the castle by had the good fortune to have nonce
Splinters of a shell. either killed or wounded for 24 hours-
Sunday 23. A shell Srom the ene- Friday 28. The Serjeant major of
my falling at the door of our oil maga- the artillerydied of his wounds, and
aine, rolled down the steps and burst, one man was bruised at nigbt by the
without doing any other damage than Sall oS Some stones as he was at work.
dealing a cask oS oil. This day but nothing more remarkable baptwo
osour wounded expired, and one pened this day.
os Colonel Cornwall's was wound- Saturday 29. The enemy's fleet
ed- bore towards the harbour, when two
Monday 24 One oS our Sufileers oS them coming, as we imagined,
was wounded by the splinter oS a shell. within reach oS our gnns, the -cap-
1 owards night both fides fired but tain os the Anstruther guard ordered
rery Slowly, the enemy not throwing two 32 pounders to he fired at them.
above twenty shellst and no great shot on which they tacked and stand to Sea.
This was the only time we fired at
1 ueSday 25. A very brisk fire be- their fleet. The enemy continued a
^n on both Sides, which continued till flow, and the gartiSon a brisk fire,
rnon, the11 Slackened till about Sour, which dismounted two oS their guns
^ hen hotb sidc^ began ^ith incredi- at the Windmill battery, and one of
c Sury During this incessant firing, our shells alfo blew up a Small maga-
^e oS the enemy's shell leu into a zine. One of their shells falling into
She

^ MAGAZINE of M A C A ^ l N E ^
the main ditub, Set it on fire, which Thursday The enemy opened
however by the assiduity of the sol- part of their battery at Stanhope's
diets was extinguished ; otherwise, he- tower ; orders were given to prepare
ing contiguous to the grand powder the vessel from Genoa, if it were possimagaaine
under the castle, fatal con- ble to flip by the French fleet, and
sequences might have ensued. get to Gibraltar, with Information of
Sunday 3o. The enemy opened the condition of the garrison ; but this
a 3 gun battery from Turk s Mount, design was laid aside, upon a fupposiand
much about this time we finished tion, that the two deferters, heforerhe
battery near the draw-bridge. mentioned, had acquainted the ene-
One of our woanded died this mom- my with it ; for one vessel or more of
1ng. the French fleet never quitted that sta-
Monday^s. A regular fire was tion afterwards. Two men were this
continued on both Sides; we rcceiv- day wounded.
ed, however, but little damage, ha- Friday 4. A regular fire was conning
only one man wounded by the tinued on both sides the whole day,
Splinters of a shell. This night was when we had one killed and one
remarkable for the desertion of two wounded, both by Splinters of shells,
grenadiers, both of the royal Welch and at night one man was wounded.
fufileers, whom we had reason to ima- Saturday 5. The enemy opened the
gine, did us great damage by their dif- remaining part of the battery near
Coteries. This night we had one man Stanhope's tower, and Srom thence,
torn to pieces in a most miserable man- as well as Srom all the rest, kept an
net by a shell. incessant fire. The brave garrison 'ex-
Tuesdav June 1. The cannon and erted themSelves with the utmost vigmortars
played with unusual briskness, our ; but bad killed and wounded on
which continued till night, when one this day ^o men. Among the woundoS
lad. Effingham's regiment was mor- ed was Lieut, Armstrong. of Lord
fally wounded by the Splinter of a shell. Effingham's regiment, who received
I^ight approaching the enemy slacken- his wound as he was viewing the
ed their fire, heing buSy in erecting a enemy's battery, and died in a few
new battery between the Tennis-court days after. At night the enemy
and Stanhope's tower, upon an emi- Slackened their gun battery, but not
nenoe which commanded the garrison, their mortars. The garriSon kept a
at which we kept a constant fire to no constant fire from both till morning.
purpoSe. This night we fired out On this night our flag was Shot away,
Small arms frora the West Lunette, the staff damaged, and 5 men woundthat
being most contiguous to their ed.
new-battery. r* Sunday 6. We hoisted a new fla^
Wednesday a- We discovered a with the dawn on a short staff ; the
breast-work thrown up for cover in vehemence of firing renewed with the
erecting this battery. The garrison day, and lasted without abatement cill
still continued firing with little success, night, with less execution among the
theit losa of men proving no impedi- men, but greater injurv to the castle
meat to finishing their work. One of especially on the west, where tht^
the artillery, and one of the fusiJeers new battery ^played. Four men and
were wounded, and two of Colonel two women were wounded bert:
Riche's additional gunners were alSo night, when the attack on both fides
mortally wounded by the explosion was as brisk as by day. We had one
of Some powder, as they were load- man killed by a cannon ball at the
in^ a guns Night brought no de- new stone battery, and another by the
creaSe of suing, during which one than Splinter of a shell.
Wa. lost. hforl^I

ITrr J A N U A R Y ,
Monday 7. In the morning we
opened the new battery near the drawbridge,
but abandoned it hefore night,
the constant tire of the enemy so impeding
the work, as to render it insufficient.
The firing continued without
abatement On this day Mr.
Harvey, a volunteer, bad his head
shot off ; one man was killed upon the
Queen's Redoubt, and i a were wounded.
In the afternoon the enemy opened
a five gun battery at the lower
end of the town, which bore upon
the Aagyle and Anstruther batteries,
and now they having erected many batteries,
and all open upon the garrison,
kept So brisk a fire, that we were. com -
pelled thro' caution to slacken our fire,
which was still, however. kept up with
as much vigour as possible. This night
the embrasures of our new battery
were demolished, and most as the carriages
broken, but only one man was
wounded.
TueSday 8 We kept an incessant
sire Sol the whole day, and dismounted
3 of their guns on the Windmill
battery ; they also dismounted two of
ours. We now again suffered a
great lofs of men, having 2 men killed,
and 1 i men and 1 woman
wounded ; and at night 3 more were
wounded.
Wedn. 9. Our Shattered garrison
now wore a dismal aspect, especially
the Anstruther and covered way of
the Argyle batteries, which were so
damaged, that our gunners corld
learce stand to their guns. We had
8 killed and wounded, chiefly on the
covered way of the Arg^e, a were
killed by one ball, wbtch took off the
head of' one, and shattered that of
the other all to pieces A shell falling
into a carriage shed as the west
counter guard blew it up, hut did no
other damage ; and a constant fire was
hePt till morning, but with very little
less to us.
Thursday io. In the morning the
enemv opened an 8 gun battery, at a
^iece of land in the middle as the bar
the castle. This battery played upon
the .^nstruther angle and Queen's Redoubt
continually. The first Slackened
a little on both sides, but three men
were wounded.
Friday l i The firing was continued
on both sides, when the enemy set
fire to onr now battery by the bursting
of a shell. which however was soon
extinguished. We had three wounded
this day, and ^ne man in the night,
Saturday 12. The firing continued.
we had a corporal killed upon the west
Lunette. At night we had one killed
and five wounded.
Sunday 13. Our guards parading
in an asnder ground gallery for SaSety,
in the center of which was a hole to
let in the light, a thirteen inch shell
making way through this hole, burst
among the guards, without hurt to
one man ; a ten inch shell also sell
into a barrack, the habitation of Capt.
Lind, in the castle, and breaking everr
thing before it, forced its way tnrougn
the finer. and burst without touching
one person, tho' a s p l i n t e r fell even
upon the bed, on which Capt. Lind
and his lady then lay. The fare slackened
this morning for ahont 5 hours,
and then renewed We had 4 men
wounded. At night the fire continued,
when we had 1 man killed, and
1 wounded. A deserter coming over
from the enemy, gate an account that
Upwards of 2,o00 had been killed and
wounded in the camp ; also that they
were erecting a 12 gun battery in the
centre of the town, having had fresh
supplies of men, with an expectation
of more ; and also that they had a
design of beating a parley, to invite
the garrifon to Surrender.
Monday i 4. In the morning the
enemy opened another homb battery
on the right cfStanbopes tower, the
fire continuing very brisk on hoth sides
SOr the whole day One of the enemy
was made prisoner as be was
bathing, at the ripper end of St. Stephen's
Cove, by Lieutenant Atkinson
of the Marlborough guard, who ^
b^ur, called Philipet, almost opposite issuing out of the fort, brought bim
^OL. XIlI-^^ B
naked

1C MAG A 2 1 N E ofMACA21NE^
naked into the garrison. We had one
man killed, and i wounded. This
night a very brisk fire continued, and
we had 4 men wounded, A Spaniard
who worked in the castle was
torn to pieces by the Sail of a dead
shell, and was indeed the only Spaniard,
who was cither killed or wounded
during the whole fiege.
Tuesday i 5. The firing continued
with much g leaser damage to the caStle
than to the garrison. the Shattered
condition of which the enemy observing,
play'd their ten gun battery
with greater violence at Stanhope s
tower- Our embrafures were So ruinous
that we were obliged to strengthen
them hehind as we could, part
of the castle wall being So weakened
that it could not hear any repair in
the old places. One man was killed,
and 2 wounded.
Wed. 16. Both sides continued a
brisk fire ; the weakness of the garrison
occasioned the loss of a great number
of our hest Soldiers. A shell Salling
into a store-room, where an officer
resided, burst to the demolition oS
every thing there, but the officer, who
eScaped. We bad z officers killed this
day, with a great many soldiers. A
bombardier was also killed.
Thursday 17. The incessant fire
oS tbe enemy Srom their 5 gun battery
in tbe lower end oS the town,
obliged us to abandon the Anstsuther
battery for some time, Several of the
guns and carriages heing broken, and
the others of no Service We had this
day 4 Soldiers killed and 7 wounded.
One of the killed was so torn, that his
bowels hung thro' the barrow on
v. liich he was carried to Charles-Fort.
The cannon, mortars and fmall arms
were employed with all possible diligence
all leight ; during w hich time we
l.ad 3 men wounded.
Friday 18. A very regular firing
continued very fatally Sor ns. A soldier
sitting at his barrack door was
killed by a cannon ball, and two were
wounded. At night, endeavouring to
boist a new flag and flag- staff, we were
prevented by the violence of the ene-
my's fire, baring 1 killed and 2 wounded.
Saturday 19. In the morning we
repaired the embrafures on the Anltruther,
and brought Sour 32 pounders
Srom the royal battery, to replace
those rendered useless. A very brisk
fire was continued, and the enemy,
Srom their 5 gun battery, destroyed all
our embrafures, dismounted one of
our guns, and broke another to pieces ;
so that our gunners were compelled
to abandon it for that day. Our allowance
of a pint of wine a man.
was reduced to half a pint a man, and
the aquadent which used to he served
to those on duty was intirely taken away.
We had this day r killed and
6 wounded. A continual fire was kept
up all night, during which we had
2 men and a hoy killed, and one
wounded.
Sunday 2o. A regular fire was still
kept up on hoth fides, when we had
1 killed and two wounded. There
was an increase of firing ail night,
during which five were wounded
Monday 21. By the hercenefsof the
enemy's fire, we concluded they had
a design to storm the garriSon, this
heing the pretender's birth day. One
of our shells set a five gun battery on
fire which the enemy Soon extinguished,
altho' we kept a continual fire
upon them. We had one wounded
this day, Capr. Hobbv was also killed
in company with several officers, being
torn in a most tetrible manner by
a shell, which Sailing into the castle.
broke thro' a parcel of timber that
covered a door, and made a passage
into a main ditch where the officers
uSed to assemble. This night a continual
fire was kept on hoth fides, in
which we Set fire to Some SaScines and
houses in the town, which the enemy
endeavouring to extinguish, we
made great havock among them sor
two hours while the flames continued
None were killed or wounded this
night,
Tuesilay 22. The enemy played
with great fury on the W. inward
ravelins,

J A N U A R Y .
ravelins, which our Soldiers wantonly
called the Devil's battery, and the embrasures
and carriages being destroyed
we were obliged to abandon it for
Sometime, We Set the windmill battery
on fire, which they extinguished,
notwithstanding our continual fire upon
thera. We had one man killed.
During the night the enemy did greater
damage to our works than our men,
which could not possibly be repaired.
This night the enemy threw a shell
into the N. W, ravelins, which bursting
among soma cartridges and shells,
Set them on fire. without further damage,
We had one man wounded,
and our apprehension of an intent to
storm was renewed.
Friday 23. The enemy slackened
their fire till shout ten, when they began
again : Tbey had now polled
clown several houses to open a passage
Sor their battery in town, which we
expected to play every hour We had
i killed and 5 wounded. This night
the enemy kept a brisk fire, Wben the
garrison were obliged to slacken theirs,
and to abandon the Anftruther Sort,
the cannon carriages. and works. being
almost destroyed, without the
possibility os repairing them, thro' the
continual fire of the enemv upon that
place; all others we continued diligently
to keep up as well as our Situation
would allow. This night 2 killed
7 wounded, and Sir Hugh Williams
received a flight wound on the
Piquet.
Sat. 24. In the morning the enemy
opened part of their battery in town,
whence they kept a very brisk fire, at
the fame time keeping a continual fire
from all their other batteries, which
damaged our works more than ever,
and orir gunners were again obliged
to abandon their stations. This day
part of the embrasures on the Kane
lunette were set on fire, they having
heen repaired by faScines when the
stone woik was destroyed. 'The fire
^aa soon extinguished. We had this
^y 2 killed 4 wounded. At night
tve enemy kept an inceffant fire, while
1 l
ours was but flow ; but nevertheless
we set fire to some of their facines in
town. which burnt a long time with
great fury, but was at length extinguished,
altho' we played upon them
with our great and fmall arms, shot
and shells. This night a fmall party
of the enemy came in bravado almost
to the pallisadoes. and sent two of
their party upon theirhand-s and knees
to alarm our centinals, but who upon
heing fired at, thought proper to retire.
as did likewife the whole party,
with what loSs we could not discover,
it being very dark. We had one
wounded in this short skirmish, which
terminated the occurrences os the
night.
Sunday 2 5 . The enemy kept a constant
firing, v.hich obliged us to abandon
our shattered batteries again, and
make but a stow fire Srom our cannon,
tho' our mortars were briskly employed.
We had a killed and 1z wounded.
This night the cnemv kept a
constant fire Srom their gun batteries,
and a parly oS them under the command
oS an officer, advaneed almost
to the Kane lunette, yet avoided
firing; but our centinals observing
them, fired upon them, but it being
excessive dark, we could only distinguish
by their groans that many had
been killed and wounded. Wc bad 5
wounded this night.
Monday 26. In the morning, the
enemy kept as fierce a fire as they had
ever done ; and the garrison, tho'
the works were in a very shattered condition,
Seemed to increase their fire
The brave governor issued orders that
the gunners should keep as much as
possible under cover, and fire when
opportunity offered, a captain of the
artillery having acqnalnted him with
the impossibility of their standing to
their guns. Our mortars, nevertheless,
plsy'd constantly. This dey $
were wounded. At night the enemy
continued a Smart fire, and the garrison
but a flow, except Srom their fmali
arms, to keep the glacis clear. We
had 4 wounded.
a B TueSdav

I 2 ^ M A C A 2 I t E nfMACA21ttE^
Tuefday, ay. In the morning tbe
enemy's fire continued, as did our
mortars ; for ehe ma^or part of our
cannon were rendered lifeless.
Major Godfrey, with 5 others were
wounded by one shell .which Sell in
tbe main ditch A dark nigh: approaching,
the enemy began to ploy
from all their batteries, with their
cannon, mortars, shells, and Small
arms, with greater fury than they had
hitherto done, we continued out fire
Upon them, with all our cannon and
mortars of everv denomination, which
continued oft both fides, till the enemy's
were suddenly silent and rushing
like a torrent srom the town, they
made their way upon the Anflrnther,
to the amount of about 3,o00 ; our
cesatine'a espy my rh m at they passed
the ^uny gnatd hoarse, began to fire,
•and out guards etching the alarm,
formed themselves for their reception,
gave them a discharge, and fallback
to load again ; then mounting the
backer, gave them two nere. They
on their part hepr a terrible fire upon
tss, and we continued ours upon them,
ontil they cam-- close so the pallfedoes ;
we being only twenty in number,
wish one officer for the guard of that
place, were compelled to retire in the
bast manner we cnasd to .rut captain
of the gssard, who had nobly maintained
bis post, and ordering us into
the last of bis guard, gave the enemy
another Vollay or two 1 but being at
length forced to retreat before fuob
unequal members, they become mailers
as the covered way of the Anstru -
lher, and alio the Argyle By this
lime tbe whole garriSon were alarmed ,
who hastened to their alarm posts,
whence tbey continued a terrible ^re
vpon them, especially the Supers,
who killed great numbers, and prevented
their advancing ; the enemy
were by this time got into the ditch of
the Queen's redoubt, and became
toasters of that fort. Tbe Queen's
redoubt being taken with the loss of
beutenant Whitehead, and Several
other,, the rest retired into tbe sub-
teraneour passages, to guard them.
Kane's Lunette guard did wonders,
and maintained their post against the
most powerful efforts ef the enemy.
By this time sue fprtrng five mine^,
three of which were to little effect ;
but the other two destroyed numbers,
particularly the mine, near the Argyle
fort The enemy having attacked the
west pert as the garriSon in a manner
equal to the north, they were more
exposed to our fire, because of the
remoteness of the gattison from town :
here they attacked the west Lunette,
which was also defended with great
bravery The enemy however, in
the midst as fire and ftnoke. regardless
of the loss of men, made themselves
masters of a four gun bettery,
butwereobli^ed to abandon it again,
with infinite loss ; a Constant fire being
made from tbe princess Carolina's
Lunette, Sustained by Some of our
piquets. The survivors fled with
great precipitstinn over the palifadoes,
and flew hack to the town. Lieut
Col Jester vt was made prisoner in this
attack ; and Major Cunningham was
wounded On the south fide of the
garrison (next theses) the enemy came
in boats. and attacked the garrison
with Scaling ladders, b^t were Soon
repulsed; the boat with Scaling ladders
was taken, and others sunk
This .post Was maintained by very
few men, bat Such was the veal as
the soldiers that some of the fick and
wouned came out of the hospital to
Join in defence of this quarter. At
this time tbe Matlhorough fort was attacked
by yoo men, led on by a prince
of tbe blood, the volunteer ahead v
mentioned, who were repulsed with
ereat loss, by a caprain and ^o men
When dav appeared, tbe enemy, so'
tigued with the nighSa • encounter,
beat a parley, when orsr men soeebort
choir firing with such reluctance, that
out officers were obliged to stop thenr
with menaces Sword in hand. We
had abemt forty killed and aWandrtl. ,
and the enemy 1 500 Thus did fort
regime's and one company as arns

lery maintain the garrison, against
Such numbers of the enemy by sea
and land Sor Such a length of time, as
can perhaps scarce be paralleled in
history. The which the
sort was at last surrendered by a handful
of men so distressed, harraffed.
shattered, and neglected, remain a
lasting monument to their honour,
and the disgrace of those by whom
they ought to have
(See Vol. XII. p 29 1
been supported.
A ast of the ktll'd, wounded, and fncb as
deed of their wound, with these whe
deed of disorders, and such as were
snrshug, &C. ^ .•
t^ t^
^
s^,
IldiatSn, ht.
J A N U A R Y , i 7^7.
Weight
la pounds
la
S
4
Round Shot
Nemher
4oer
sbSs
Totes ^ryod
Doebse bendad Shot,
We
^a pounds
ra
is -
v
1
Total
Naemb.
Ift
1
11
Grspe Shot
Weichr Number
pounds
a a
ttl
l^
ay
roa
4 ^
11
Total ^
Bar of pow. expended
Barrel, sb. or
Reefwend into pounds
make .
alk^l^ poeande end
l^ esanees.
The lote attempt to murder the King of
France, having revived the story of
the mendOr of Henry the lVth by
Ra^milloc, the eirrnmstanres of whfrly
ate not gnseraby remembered, wv
hervr y'udge'd it no unseasonable entertaiument
to gbvr our readers a full rshetlou
of that affair-
Cotnp. as artillery
Itea^', regiment
Reyes Welch fuftliers
Cos Ce^nwalle,',
l es.es tffinghern's
Cape. herd's men
a is
rS I
a
d
iS. y1
a in
as
s
d
a
n
1
.
S
4
4
s
Tend yi^nll s^ l loiay
Lieut Aitnstrempdeod ok his wotende.
leeui. Fseaure but Sieuan.
Leewt. Yowwe winded an the heel.
Capo Heabby kilsed.
Capt. bu Hasrb Willieme sh^htly mounded. ^
A particular Aryuut of the Mardcr of
Henry the IVth of Prance, by Fran-
' cis Ravaillac, wit^ the ti fa! and execution
of the criadnal.
Maine Godfrey woaandess by a theft
Lecnt w bite freed kitted by e Sound bell.
Mejec Cernstmithssn Wounded by e fwwrd, in
|N order to exhibit a particular ae-
| count of the murder of Henry
IV. it will be necessary not only to
The strength of the soar regiments at tho relate the fact. but to shew the mo-
hennaing ef the he^e.
tives from which it was committed.
Ring', regiment
ling ,t Welch finders
Cel. Lomwethe's
heed Esh^forn'e - -
-- -
- --
- *
^so
Sol
Sa^
^
and these can only be deduced from
the character End situation of themurtheres.
with which it is therefore proper
to begin this relation.
Tassl
Francis Ravaillac. the son of a
ata .act as sll shea
the Saa.^e ftenw abe ^ethas Apol to the ^ath
of Juae a^e^- s
practitioner In the law, was born at
Aelgoulefme. distant from Paris ahout
loo leagues. When he waa
Inch Num. very yonng he lived with one Rnsi-
l'l^
S
layl I
a; alit
peidea
CsrceffeseS is ^S ^
as so 41
IS
Total
eres, an advocate at Angoulefme whona
he Served as clerk and valet de chsmbre.
He lived a^erwards with several
attorneys, the last of whom dving while
he was in his service, he took a little
TeaaS
lodging and solicited law Suits for himself.

1 a^. M A C A 2 1 N E nfMAGA^lNE^
self. This practice he continued Several
years, but with Solittle advantage, that
at length he quitted it, and Subsisted
by instructing youth.
At this time his Sather and mother
were parted, and were So indigent,
that both Subsisted chiefly on alms.
Ravaillac, who was then about 3^
years old, and unmarried, lived with
his mother, and becoming inSolvent,
was thrown into prison for debt.
He Seems to have been naturally oS
a gloomy disposition, and enthusiastic
turn of mind, which his misfortunes
heightened to a degree of phrenfy.
While he w^as in priSon, he frequently
Sancied himself Surrounded with fire,
Sulphur, and incenfe, and the Same
kind of delusions continued after he
was releafed. He Said, that on the
Saturday night after Christmas i6o9,
having made his meditations as was
his cuStom in bed, with his hands
claSped and his feet crossed, he felt his
mouth and face covered by some invisible
agent, and was at the Same time
urged by an irresistible impulse to sing
the psalms of David ; he therefore
Sung the psalms Dixit Dominus, Mi-
Sere, and de Profundis, quite through,
and declared, that he seemed to him-
Self to have a trumpet in his mouth,
which made his voice shrill and loud
as the found of that instrument in war.
The next morning as Soon as he got
out of bed, having made his meditatition
on his knees, and committed himfelf
to God as his manner was, he
fat down on a low chair before the
hearth, and having combed his head,
it not being yet light, he perceived one
of the sticks still on fire ; whe n he
had dressed himlelf, he found part of
a bundle of brush wood, and putting
iron the stick that was still burning, he
kneeled down and hegcn to blow it
in order to kindle the whole ; by the
glimmering light of the fire, which
brightened as he blew it, he fancied
he saw on each side of his face, a
great number of consecrated wafers
or holts, and below his face a roll of
the same size with that which the
priest elevates at the celebration of
mass. Soon after he became a lay
brother of the Fuillants, but his habit
was afterwards taken from him
tspon account of these yisions, which
gave him inexpressible concern.
While his mind was in this state,
he often reflected on the king's breach
of promise, in not compelling the
hugonots to return to the catholic
church, and determined to go to Paris
to admonish him not to neglect
this duty any longer.
He accordingly set out from Angou.
lesine, and in i 4 days arrived at Paris.
When he came thither, he went
several times to the louvre, and applied
to many persons to introduce
him to his majesty, but without ef-
S'ect. Among others, he applied to
father Daubigny, it jefuit, after having
heard him celebrate maSs at a
house of that order near St, Anthony's
gate ; to Daubigny he not only
related his purpofe to Speak with the
king, but his yisions, and his desire
to be restored to his order, or to he
admitted among the ieS'uits. Daubigny,
having heard all that he had to
Say, advised him to put all thole
things out of his head, to pray to
God, and tell his beads.
Ravaillac pondered this anfwer in
his mind, but could not relinquish
his purpose of Speaking to the king.
which, however, finding it impossible
to execute, he went .to Daubigny a
second time, and shewed him a little
knife on which there was a heart and
a cross, telling him at the fame time,
that the king shbuld he disposed to
make war against the hugonors.
Daubigny regarding him as a lunatic,
dismissed him with some Slight answer,
and he still loitered about the
palace in hopes of feeing the king.
It happened that some days afterwards.
he met his majasty in his coach,
near St.- Innocent's Church, and his
desire to Speak to him growing more
ardent as the prospect of Success, he
ran to the coach side and cried out,
Sire, 1 seeak to yoteju the n^e ef our

^or J A N U A R Y , 1^7.
Lord frsrts and of the Holy Virgin, but ney home, and as he went along broke
the king put him back with a little the point of the knife with which he
stick, and would not hear him. Af- had intended to commit the murder,
ter this repulse he conceived a de- against a cart near the garden of Chansign
to kill the king, utterly defpai- taloup ; but when he came to Estamps,
ring of producing any effect on his he heard some soldiers talking in an inn
maiesty by admonition ; but after at which he put up for refreshment, ahaying
revolved this project often in bout an intention of the king to make
his mind, he came to no determina- war upon the pope, and transfer the
tion as to the execution of it, and af- seat of the holy fee Co Paris. Upon
ter some time returned back to An- this, his resolution instantly and irregoulefme.
siStably returned : he went out of the
Here he continued in a state of great houfe immediately, and having sharpfollicitude
and anxiety, sometimes ened the point of the knife that he had
considering his project to kill the king broken, by rubbing it on a stone, he
as meritorious, and sometimes as un- took the way back to Parislawful
; at length, however, he went After he came to Paris a third time,
to hear mafs at the monastery of the he associated only with fryars of his
Franciscan Fryars in Angoulefme, and own country, but to them he did not
going afterwards to confession, he reveal his purpose, knowing that whenconfessed
among other things, an in- ever the public is concerned in any
tention to murder, but did not fay his confession, the priest is obliged to reintention
was to murder the king; veal it, He seems, however, still to
nor did the confessor ask a more par- have been in some degree irresolute,
ticular account of the fault. for in his confession to a Franciscan
His mind being still restless and per- friar he asked whether if a man was
turbed, he went again to Paris, and assaulted with a temptation to kill a
when he entered the city, his refolu- king, and should consuls it to the penition
to kill the king returned strong tentiary, the penitentiary would be
upon him ; he therefore took a lodg- under a necessity of revealing it ; but
ing in the Suburbs of St. James's, that to this question he received no anSwes.
he might be near the louvre. This being interrupted, just as he had put
lodging, however, for some reason, he it by another friar of the order.
did not like, and went to a neigh- Tho' he did not again relinquish
bouringinn, with a view to hire a his purpose, yet he still doubted whechamber
there till he could execute ther it was not sinful, so that he would
his project. It happened that in this not receive the holy communion after
inn there was no room for him, but he had determined to commit the fact,
while he was talking to the man that lest this resolution having rendered
kept it, he cast his eyes upon a knife, him unworthy the body of his lord,
sharp pointed and double edged, with he should receive it to his damnation.
a whalebone handle, that lay on the Having no hope of getting admisa
table, and a thought instantly struck sion to the king in the palace, he
him, that this knife was very fit for watched with unwearied assiduity at
the execution of his design ; he there- the gate for his coming out ; and
fore took an opportunity to convey it having at last, on the seventeenth of
away under his doublet, and having May i6io, seen him into his coach,
caufed a new handle of bucks-horn to he followed it to the place where he
be put to it, he kept it in a bag in his had before attempted to fpeak to him
pocket near three weeks. and been repulSed ; here the coach
But after this, he faltered in his was stopped by two carts, and RavailreSolution,
and at length renouncing it lac feeing the king lean on one side to
a second time, he set out on his jour- fpeak to M. Epernon, who was with
, him

Tt^e M A G A 2 1 N E
him in the coach, was so transported
with enthusiastic phrenzy, that he
thought he heard a voice fay to him
in an emphatic tone, " now is the
time, make haste, or it will he
past," upon which he ran up to the
coach, and putting one soot on the
Spoke of ehe wheel, railed himSelf up,
and drawing his knife at the same time,
struck the king in the fide, but finding
that the knise stopped against one
of the ribs, and did nor penetrate the
king's body, be repeated his stroke,
and gave him a mortal wound near
the same place.
The king crying out that he was
slain, the attention of those about him
was immediately turned on Ravaillac,
who was instantly Seized by one Paul
Noster, an exempt oS the guards, and
protected from the rage of others who
would have cut bim to pieces upon tho
spot.
When he was Searched, there was
found upon bim a peper, on which
was painted the aims as France with
a lion on each fide, one holding a key,
the other a Sword, over which he had
written in a distich. this sentence,
" Do nor Suffer the name of God to
" he prophaned in thy presence.'
There was also sound a rosasy, and a
piece of costmary rbot in the shepe of
a heart, which he had obtained as a
charm to cure him oS a sever, from
the capuchins, who assured him, that
there was, in the inside of it, a piece
as the real croSa of Jesus Christ,
which however upon breaking it, proved
to he false-
After some days he waa examined
by the president and Several commissioners
of the parliament, concerning
his motives and his accomplices; of
his motives he gave the fame account
that hat been given above, and steadily
and uniformly denied that he had
any accomplice or abettor.
During bis examination he often
wept, and said, that though he he
keyed at the time when he killed the
king, that it was a meritorious act,
yet he was now convinced thai he was
permitted to Sail into that delusion as
a punishment for his fins. He exPteS-
Sed the utmost contrition Sor his fault,
and implored God to give him grace
sufficient to continue till death in good
faith, lively hope, and petsect charity-
Being still urged to confess his accomplices,
he rep ied with some indignation.
that he was incapeble of undertaking
for money an act which he
believed to be wicked, much lefa an
act so heuious as the murder of his
prince. He answered all other questions
with great calmness and humility,
and when he signed his confession he
wrote under his name these lines,
^ue to.'ijwrs en mon ce^ar
Jefus soil lo t^yin^ueur.
In my heart let Jesias he alwaya
conqueror.
In a subsequent examination he waa
confronted with Daubigny, who denied
that Ravaillac had ever Spoken to
him on any account. Ravaillac, however,
insisted on the truth of what he
had alledand, tho' at the fame time
he thought Daubigny a good man,
and that on this occasion his fear
prevented him from declaring the
truth.,
but notwithstanding the constancy
and uniformity with which he denied
having any adviser, abettor, or associate,
he was ordered to he pot to the
torture of the brodequin.
The brodequin is a Strong wandeo
hox made in the form of a boor, just
higenough to contain both the legs of
the criminal, which are put into it,
and a wooden wedge is then driven in
with a mallet between the knees, and
after that is forced quite through, a
Second of a larger fixe is applied. and
Sometimes a third in the same manner.
This unhappy creature being Sworn,
wal placed on a wooden bench, and
his legs put into this machine
The first wedge being driven he
cried out, ' God have mercy upon
< my

-^str J A N U A R Y . 1^7. 17
^ my foul, and pardon the crime l the people of all ranks continued
< have committed ; l never disclosed their curses. Several persons laid
< my intention to any one.' hold on the ropes and pulled thens
When the 2d wedge was driveu, he with the utmost eagerness; and one
Said with horrid cries and shrieks, ' I of the noblesse, who was near the cri-
< am a sinner, lknow no more than I minal, alighted from his horse, that
< have declared, l beeseech the court it might he put in the place of one
' not to drive my foul to defpair t Oh which was tired with drawing him.
^ Godl accept these torments in satis- At length, when he had bern drawts
< faction for my sins !' for a full hour by tbe horSes, without
The third wedge was then driven berng dismembered, tbe people rushlower
near his See:, at which a univer- ing on in crowds, threw themfelven
Sal Sweat covered bis body, and be upon him, and with Swords, knives,
Sainted. Being quite SpeechleSs, he sticks, and other weapons, the^strucko
was released, Some water thrown up- tore, and mangled his limbs ; and vieon
his face, and wine Sorced down his lently forcing them Srom the executhroat,
by which he Soon recovered, tioner, they dragged them through
and was conducted to chapel by the the street, with the utmost eagernese
executioner. and rage, and burnt them in the dis-
He was then left with two dectors serent parts of the city.
of the Sotbonne, that they might perform
the duties of their office with An AccouNT of the REVENUES and
him, and to them he again declared Foacts of the Ga ass AN EmptaEo
upon oath, that he had faid all he wish RsMAaas.
knew,and that no one -^d incited him
to commit the murder. ^ a ^HE state and condition of Ger-
At three in the afternoon, May ay, 2- many heing now afubjest very
16to, he was brought Srom the cha- much inquired into, we shall give onr
pel and put into a tumbril, when the readers the Sallowing account of tho
croud was So great, that it was with revenues of the several princes and
the utmost difficulty the archers could state of that empire, with the numsorce
a passage ; and as Soon as the ber of forces each of them can raife a
prisoner appeared, that vast multitude first observing, that the calculationa
be^an to load him with execrations. of their annual revenues were mado
When ne had alcended the Scaffold, in German florins, which were Supthe
two doctors urged him to think poSed to be worth 3s. ast sterling each.
of his salvation now at the close of and that the king of Prussia, and som^
life, and 'to confess all he knew ; to others, were supposed to have largo
which he only anfwered as he had subsidies from France, England, or
done before. Fire and brimstone he- Holland.
ing put to his right hand, holding the
kmfe with which he stabhed the king, Annua/ revenues of the ecclesiastical Prinwhile
his breast and other fleshy parts ces, and the numher of forces fhry can
of bis body were rearing with red-hot raise.
pincers, he renewed his cries and prayers.
Afterwards by intervals, melt- Archbish. of Co-^
ed leed and Scalding nil, were poured logne ^
upon bis wounds • during which he - Triera
shrieked aloud, and continued his cries ' Mentz
and ejaculations. ^ Sal tz burg
He was then drawn by four horses, ^ Munster
far half an hour, by intervals, while Liege
VoL. XllL ^ C
Rev. Forcer:
130000 ^ooo
100000 6ooo
100000 6ooo
bo00o
70000 ^ooo
-oooo lSooo

Bishop of Wurrs ^
burg ^
. Bamberg
- Paderborn
Ofnabrug
— — Aichstadc
TheabbocofFuida
Theotherbishop- ^
ricks oftbe tet-f
pi re together
The i "
provostshi
the f '
Total osthe ecclesiastical
princes
M AG A 2 1 N It
Rev. Forces.
60000 500o
50000 $000
4o00o 300o
30000 2$oo
10000 100o
7oo00 600o
6oo00 ^000
^o00o 9o00
950000 76500
Revenues of the secufasr Princes, and
the Number of Forces they are able to
raise.
Ret'. Forces.
.The empress-queen Soooo00 18oo00
The king os Prussia 1400000 180000
Theelect ofSaxony bo0000 20000
— Palatine 3oo00o 18000
The D of Wic-^
rem berg —• ^
200000 15000
The landgrave ^
of Hesse- Cassel I
1ao00o saooo
, The landgr. of ^
Heffe-Darmsta. '
aooooo 9000
The d. of Mecklenburg
•
6o00o 6o00
The Prince of
Baden Baden
^
^
sho00 3o00
The Prince of
Baden-Duslach
^
^
i800o 300o
Prince of Nassau saoo00 ioo00
The Elector of
Baa' aria ———
3o0000 30000
The Elector of
Hanover -e-
400o00 4oo00
The d. ofBrunfwiclt
. Wolfed- 3o00oo i 4o00
buttle — ^
The d of Holstein S0000 12000
The D. of SaXa- ^
Cotha — ^
aooooo s a00o
. Weymar
Dukes of Saxony
80000 i00oo
Princes oS An halt ^0000 Otaroo
of MAGAZINES
Prince of Lowenburg
—
The other princes
and irape-^
rial towns ol
the empire —
Total of the
Revenues and
Forces of the
Secular Prin- ^
ces ——
Total of the
Ecclesiastical
Princes .
Rev.
60000
Forcer.
600o
500000 50000
i 3 i9600o 646ooo
95o00o 76500
Total of the '
Revenues and 1 -
Forces of the ^ 14^00 722500
Empire —
From hence we may see how dangerous
it would be for France to hare
the power of the house os Austria rendered
as absolute in the German empire,
as the power of the bouSe of
Bourbon is in the kingdom ofFrance
But this might probably, in a very little
time, be theconfequence, should
France now assist in demolishing the
houfe of Branden burgh ; for we know
how much the otber great bouses of
Germany, to wit, the Saxon, the Palatine,
and the Bavarian, have sot*
merly suffered bv their quarrels with
the house of Austria, which were it
first Spirited up by the intrigues of
France ; and if tbe bouSc of Brandeuburgh
should now be ruined, et
reduced by the Same means, it will
hereafter be very difficult for Prance
to raise up any opposition to tbe hou^
of Austria in Germany, or to previa
with any prince of tbe empire to yoin
witb her in an alliance against any fi^
ture emperor of the house of Austin
especially if that bouse should once bt
strengthened and established by having
a considerable number of male heir -
and the imperial dignity, as well as the
soccer^

^or J A N U
Succestion to the Austrian dominions,
thereby Secured to the male heir of
that family.
We must therefore conclude, that
the French court never had a more difheuk
game to play than at this present
conjuncture t It is very much their
interest to prevent the house of Brandenburg's
being much reduced t On
the other hand, it will he very difficult
for them to preserve their alliance
with the house as Austria, without
giving effectual affistance to the
queen of Hungary, for pushing her
conquests alrainst Prussia as far as she
may be pronipred by a spirit as revenge
1 and if by tbe trimming of
the court of France between the
the two, they Should themselves come
to an accommodation, it mey unite
Germany in a confederacy as the ry^st
dangerons consequence to France.
From all which we must see, that
Great-Britain never had more need
of able ministers at home, and able
negoriators at the Several couyrs
os Europe, than it has at this present
crisis ; for by them we may do
more service both to ourselves and
to Furope, than we can do by all
the money, and all the troops we
can send to the affistance of tbe king
of Prussia.
A Grama ticed Letter to a Lady.
Madam,
there he vet no proposition to-
.I wards a conjunction with von. be
pleased to admit of this intersection of
my pretences. I do nor pronounce
ad verbum, that l clestre to be adjective
to yon in all cases 1 for l positively
declare, that, comparatively Speak-
^g. Should be Superlatively happy,
should I engender with yon in ail
tuedes and lenSes, whatsoever l hope
you will not think me so singmlar, hut
that l desire m have tbe plural number
in 1ny family, and that l am too
valine to be neuter, with regard to
she teminme 1 therefore let on have
^r affections in common as two t
r bo it from you lo decline this conization,
though I amm.t the first
A R Y,
person, nor the fecond person, nor
the third person, who has solicited
you to be subjunctive to our love. ' l
prefume, you will not he the imperative,
while I am in the potential ; and
that yon will permit me to make a
conjunction copulative of my propria
quite maribuS with your as in prafenti :
This will make a participle as happiness,
if you will actually give me
your voice to be passive herein. Be
you but Supine, and l will be deponent,
though Syntaris may be afraid
os accidents t But it is the oprativo
os my soul to be a lawful concord with
the genitive. My whole income shall
be a dative to you for the prefent;
nothing shall he accusative against yott
sor the Suture ; and your Sweet name
ever my vocative, till death, the great
ablative of all things.
Your's, &c.
Michael de Matibu^
The CONSTANT
'^JO more shall daisies fmile upon
I ^ the meads,
Or winds steal softly o'er the bending
reeds ;
The linnet s o o n e r cease to tone her
throat,
And sing mellifluous thro' the winding
grett';
Tbe warbling lark forget to rnonnt on
high,
And myfrtlly Salute tbe morning sky ;
Sooner Shall Sof resign his cheating
beams,
Tbe finny race ceaSe playing in the crystal
streams ;
Sonnet shall
The sesther'd songsters cease to Sport
and play ;
Sooner Shall mountains into liquids turn,
And dolphins in the raging ocean burn ;
The stsrty worlds shall from their orbita
fall,
And chaos reign in this terrestrial ball;
The northern pole the needle shall Sor-
Sake,
And heavy bodies journies upward take 1
Sooner Shell age its wither'dbloomrenew .
E're I'm inconstant, while dear Stella's
true, PlDSLtS.
C a. ^RNA^,

MAC A^lNE of MACA21NE ^
J O U F N A E of the FR^CEEDlNG^ ^nd DEBATE^ in the
FoLITsCAL S^LUB, continued from ^c^,
se the Debate continued in your last, the have thought fit to oppose this bill,
next that spoke was T. Genucius, were in the right not to make uSe of
fEari T-mp-es whose Speech was as any Such arguments in Support of their
so/lows. opposition t and as they neither have,
nor could to any purpofe have made
Mr. Prefldent, use oS any oS them, l must take it
SIR, for granted, that we either rauft have
'^R O M the whiSpers I heard with- a militia, or we must remain liable to
out doors, I did, indeed, expect, be conquered by any Soreign army
an opposition to this bill ; but l ex- that shall happen to land in this
pected, and it was natural to expect, island, provided it be So numerous as
ahat arguments would have been to be able to encouner and defeat the
made use of against it, of a sort very fmall number of national mercenaries
different from thofe I have heard in we can keep in constant pry, This
this debate : I expected, that an at- then is a necessary alternative, and yet
tempt would have been made to shew notwithstanding the dismal proSpect
that a country, such as this, has no we ate preSented with hy one fide of
occasion for any military force at this alternative, those who oppofe
land, either for quelling insurrections, this bill have been So cruel, as to enor
even for repelling invasions : Or deavour to persuade us, that the othat
an attempt would have been made ther side is impracticable. They hare
to prove, that we may always keep up endeavoured to shew that, if Such a
Such a numerous army of national militia as we can depend on, for out
mercenaries as will he sufficient for defence against foreign veterans,
ahis purpose, without any danger to cannot be .established by the militia
our liberties ; and that we may easily law now in being, no Such militia
Spare theexpence necessary Sor main- can be established by anylawwecaa
taining them : Or, thirdly, That an contrive: Next they have endeavour •
attempt would have been made to de- ed to shew, that were it possible m
monsttate to us, that we may always establish Such a militia, it would be
depend upon foreign mercenaries for of the most dangerous conSequencc
this purpoSe, as otten as we can have to our liberties ; and, thirdly, They
occasion for them, without any danger have endeavoured to shew, that the
of our berng treated by thefe foreign experiment would he so expensive,
auxiliaries, as our ancestors, the Bri- that it was not worth the nation
tons, were by their Saxon auxiliaries ; while to make it. Such doctrine
and that theexpence oS importing and must he terrible to every true Enexporting
those auxiliaries, and main- glishman who considers the aliens-
Iaining them while here, will he leSs tive I have mentioned ; and their'
than that which we must necessarily fore for the comfort of my coun*
bo at for Supporting any Sort oS natio- tryrnen, as well as for the sake ^
nal militia- the bill now heSore us, I sh^
These, Sir, were the arguments l endeavour to shew that every
expected to have heard ; but as the oS them is void os any sounds
evidence of facts, and even os com- on, either in tbe nature of things
mon sense irself, was so plain and so or in the present circumstances os the
strong against every one of them, I people of this nation
malt allow, that the noble lords who ^

J A N U A
In order to do this, Sir, l must
hegin with a short examination of
the militia act we have now subsisting,
and with reSpect to it l mutt
grant that, if due care had bern taken
to carrv that law into execution,
our militia might always have
been upon a much hetter Sooting
than they are at prefent, but what
prevented the due execution oS that
law is now at an end. When that
law was pasted, and Sor manv years
aster, the dispute still Subsisted among
the people, tho' determined
by che legistature, about the power
of the crown over the militia,
which difpute had bern one of the
causes of the civil war in the reign
of Charles die First, and the maxim
likewise Subsisted, that the keeping
up os any number os mercenary
troopr in time of peace, was so
Inconsistent without constitution, that
the parliament ought never to consent
to it. Whilst such a dispute,
and Such a maxim prevailed, we cannot
wonder at the crown's neglecting
the militia, in order to render
the keeping up of a standing army
necessary But now, l helieve,
no man disputes the power which
the crown ought to have over the
militia ; nor is any man now So
wrong-headed as to think, that we
ought not always to have, even in
lime oS peace, with conSent oS parliament,
Such a number os regular
troops as may he necessary Sor pref'ering
onr internal tranquility, and Sor
opposing any Sudden invasion as may
be made with a Small number of
Hoops. A well disciplined militia
can theresore now no way interfere
with the power or safety of the crown,
but on the contrary will he an addition
to both, and consequently we
may expect that, if a proper lavs he
pussed for establishing a well disciplined
militia, the crown will take all
possible care for carrying it duly into
execution.
But, Sit, with respect ro the law
Subsisting, it is scarcely possible
R Y, 17^7. 21
Sor the crown to cause it to be carried
duly into execution- The intention
oSthe law certainly is, that none but
gentlemen oS character and fortune
shall be appointed officers in the militia
; hut as the lord lieutenant in each
county has an unlimited power ro appoint
whomsoever he pleaSes, it is not
possible Sor the crown to prevent the
appointing Some men oS low rank and
fortune, and when any one Such is
appointed, gentlemen of' Superior rank
and fortune disdain to Serve with Such
ossicers, and refuse to accept of, or
throw up the commissions they have
accepted ; by which means all the
commissions in our militia have come
at last to be generally in the hands of
men oS low rank, arid little or no fortune.
his is one of the chief causes
that has brought our prefent militia
into such contempt ; and another is,
a defect or omission in the act itself ;
for no provision is therein made for
continuing any foot soldier in the service
sor Such a time as may make him
any way master of his business ; and
the horse militia provided by that act
is ridiculous ; for there is no obligation
upon any man to furnish such a
horse as is trained to the service, without
which no cavalry can be of any
use, but must occasion confusion
wherever they are. The advisors of
the bill now before us were therefore,
I think, in the right not to provide for
any horse militia ; Sor such a one is indeed
impoSlible, unless you established
a riding house in every division ; and,
indeed, in a country so much inclosed
as this is, there is no great occasion
sor cavalry ; for a body of infantry
may always, by means of our in-
Ciofures, prevent their being liable to
be attacked by cavalry ; and for securing
a distant pass, a body of infantry
may be mounted on horseback when
great expedition is necessary.
I could mention many other defects,
^ir, in the militia laws now suba
fisting, every one of winch, as well
as those l have mentioned, are provided
for by the bill now hefore us ;
therefore,

therefore, from the bad success
of the militia laws now subsisting, we
are not to conclude, that it is impofsihle
to contrive any effectual law for
establishing a weli disciplined and serviceable
militia. A life of idleness,
or of continual military exercise were
raever judged to he necessary for forming
a well difciplined soldier, even in
the most regular armies. On the contrary,
a courie of idleness is, by all
the eminent writers upon the art military.
declared to be of the utmost bad
consequence to an array, even tho' it
be in a time os profound peace- Therefore,
I must think, that a man who
labours hard for fix days of the week,
and Spends great part of the seventh
in military exercises, is more like to
make a good soldier, than a man who
employs great part of two, or even
three days of the week, in military
exercises, and Spends all the rest in
iuleneis and drunkenness ; and Surely,
the former may, in three years
trme, learn as much of the militaty
art, as is necessary for a common Soldier
; for I must observe, that a common
soldier ha: nothing to do with
di awing up in battalion, or brigade, or
with any of the evolutions now practised,
all of these being the proper
province of the officers only.
But now Suppose, Sir, that our militia
officers, aster three or more years
service, are a little deficient in their
knowledge how to form in battalion,
or brigade, how to double their files,
how to form the holio'ar Square, or
how to perform any os the other
operations usual in war ; and suppose
that our mititia men ate not quite So
deatrous as they ought to be in the
management of the muSket and bayo.
net ; yet let us consider, that to prepare
to invade this kingdom with an
army superior to that we always keep
on foot, or even to that part of it
which we always keep an or near London,
rutast requite a great many weeks,
jf not months : Such a prepartion
we shall always have notice os, if we
^te not infatuated, 4s least loiar or ^rc
MAC A 2 1 N E of MACa21NE^
weeks before ir can he finished : Cpon
the first notice of it, we must suppose,
that our sovereign will order the
milatia of some of the counties at least
to be drawn out t From the time
they are drawn out they may he exercised
every day ^ and by Such daily
exescile they may in three or sour
weeks be sully instructed, and made
compleat masters of every part of military
knowledge, in which they were
before deficient, so as to be equal in
knowledge and dexterity with any
mercenary tronpr whatever ; and as
most of our militia will always have
some stake to fight for, we may reasonably
suppose, that they will exceed
there in courage and resolution. 'lire
militia of those counties alone which
lie upon the south-east. south, and
sooth-west coasts of this island, amount
to above ao,00o men, according to
what is proposed by the bill now before
ua t if we had last winter had
Such a militia established, well disciplined,
and ready to be drawn out upon
the first notice, l hetieve, the
French would not so much as have
pretended a design to invade us, for
that they really bad such a design l
very much doobt. But they would
not so much as have pretended it, because
it could not have given us my
alarm, or suspended tbe execution of
any other warlike measure we had resolved
on, as with the additions we
had made to our army, we could have
met them in a Sew deys after their
landing. with an army oS regulars and
militia much superior to any they
could poSsinly embark ; and 1 must
here observe, that if such a bill aa this
bad been pasted into a law twenty
years ago, much greater and more formidable
additions might have been
made to our regular army.
This consideration alone, Sir, should
make ur pass the bill now before
us. Even supposing, that the militia
to be established by this bill
could not be made fit to encounter for
reign veterans, yet it will certainly
chatale na with more ease to augmc^

J A N U A
and the additional forces,
or men will be sooner fit for Service.
In twenty or thirty years all tbe common
men in the kingdom, that is to
Say, all inch as cannot afford to give
any thing to a man ro Serve for them,
will have passed what I may call a
three years apprenticeship in the militia.
Surely, a man who has passed
Suoh an apprenticeship will be more
ready to lift in the army, than a man
who never finest powder in his life;
and a men who has for three yeais
been elraming up in rank and file, and
porsasaning all the manual exercise
as the musket and bayonet, almost every
Sunday, will he sooner, after
lasting, made lit for Service in the array,
than a man who never beard of the
terras rank and file, nor ever handled
a musket or bayonet before his listing
in that service. Nay, I have heard
from old Serjeants in our army, that
they have often been some stays before
they could inspire a country looby with
courage enough Co present and fire
his musket , and yet that very man has
afterwards become a good and a brave
soldier.
'I he pasting of this ball into a law
must therefore, Sir, he of eminent
service to our regular army, and must
render it much more formidable when
we have occasion to make great additions
to it upon any sodden emergency
; and this alone should make us
despite the Small expence which the
nation, or any private man may thereby
he put to ; for it is proposed, that
the publick should he at some expence
m providing arms. and likewise in
granting tome reward to those chat do
lervice, and yeiil accepr of it, which
expence must he provided for by a
new bill to he passed next session,
as it could not he provided Sor in
this, because if it had, we could have
made no amendment to it. This
was
not therefore an oversight, but
omission designed. in order to
leave room Sor such amendments as
^'e might think proper, and consequently
thole lords whu now object
R Y, 17^7.
to the form of the bill. are the more
to blame for not ^offering those objections
upon the second reading of
the bill, or in the committee, when
their objections might have bern all removed
by amendments, or at least such
of them as had bern thought material,
which to me, indeed, none of them
seem to he
'Ibis, Sir, is the true reason why
no provision was made in the bill for
the expence that must attend the militia
proposed by it ; and when that
expence comea to he considered, I asn
Sure St will appear to he a mere trifle.
especially when compared with the
expoence which experience has now
taught us we must orherwise he at,
for preventing an insolent and inesoaching
neighbour's threatening at,
at every turn with an invasion ; for
this can no otherwise he done, but by
keeping up a much more numerous
army than we ever did heretofore ;
or by calling in a large body of foreign
auxiliaries, as often as that
neighbour may please to canton a considerable
body of troops upon the
coast opposite to this istand ; both
which would be attended, not only
with an inSupportable expence, but
with the greatest danger to our constitution
and liberties ; and this leads
me to consider that danger which, it
is pretended, our liberties may be exposed
to, by the militia proposed by
this biH.
To find a foundation, Sis. sor this
pretended danger, it is supposed that
asl tbe men of property in this nation
are absolutely void of pobli ck spirit,
and without any intention or desire of
ever assisting in the defence of their
country. should it ever happen to be
beought into danger, and consequently
that no man of any property will
serve personally in this militia, but
will hire some low abandon 'd seliow
to Serve as his Substitue, by which
means our militia will Soon come to
consist of 6o,o00 poor low fellows,
who will make a trade of serving for
others, and who will he the only men
that

^4
M A C A 1 N E ofMACA^lN^^
that are to be disciplined by- this act. lot, will serve personally ; and that
Now, "Sir, if l could Suppose that all the rich, who are chosen by lot, will
the men of property in this nation are give this profitable employment to
so void of any regard for the honour, such poor men as they like best, as we
happiness or Security os their country, must S'uppoSe that every rich man will
l should give myself very little trouhle have Several poor men applying to
about the 'liberty they enjoy, becaufe him for the favour.
I should be of opinion, that they nei- Thus, Sis, it is evident, that the
ther deserved it, nor would it be pos- military discipline would not he consible
to preServe it, A man that will fined to any certain number of poor
not fight Sor his liberty, l am Sure, men, but would extend to all or most
does not deserve it, and a man who of the poor men in the kingdom,
is no way qualified, cannot fight Sor it that might at any time be fit Sor ser-
if he would. But I have, thank vice ; and if our government should
God ! a better opinion of my coun- at any time attempt to make use of
trymen, and therefore l expect, that the poor militia men then in service,
if this bill be passed into a law, we for overtuning our liberties, all the
shall soon see every yong man of poor men who had heen in service,
properryin this kingdom serving his and who would of course he equally
term in the militia, and impatient for masters of military discipline, would
its coming to his turn perhaps all of unite under the command of Some
them making interest with such of ambitious rich men who had formerly
their seniors as happen to be chosen been officers, against Such s govern-
by lot, for leave to serve as their subment. In Such a cafe, l shall grant
stitutes.
that our liberties would he in danger,
But suppose, Sit, I should be dis- which ever Side prevailed ; but the
appointed in this pleasing expectation : contest would probably he determined
Suppose that our men of property, against the government, as it was in
hoth voung and old, should all, or the reign of Charles the First, and
most of them, chuse to Serve by Sub- this probability will always deter our
stitute, yet the whole oS the Supposi- government for the time heing, if it
tion on the other side is impossible. has a grain of sviSdom, from making
The military discipline would indeed the attempt,
be confined to the poor, but then it The danger of this attempt will al-
must necessarily extend to all, or most ways, therefore, Sit, he one strong
of the poor in the kingdom. For il- bar against it, and tbe impracticability
lustrating this l shall first SuppoSe, that of the Scheme will he another ; for it
the reward to he given by the publick is of Such a nature that it cannot he
is to he So Small that no man will Serve executed by degrees : It must he exe-
for another, without some additional cuted all at once : Tbe qualified de-
reward from him for whom he serves : puty lieutenants and militia officers
In this case ail the poor men in the muSt at once he removed, and unqua-
kingdom must serve in person, berauSe lified men put into their room ; and
they could not Spare to hire any to at the Same time a stop must he put tti
Serve Sor them. And next I shall sup- the meeting oS parliament, and to the
poSe, that the reward to he given by fitting of any os the courts in Westr
the publick is to be So high, as of it- minster-hall ; berause, if any of the
felf to he Sufficient to make a poor latter should he allowed to fit, prose-
man Sond of serving for any man cutions would immediately he Set co
chosen by lot to Serve, in order to en- Soot against every unqualified matt.
title himself to the publick reward : who had accepted and began to sd
Does nor every one fee that in this as deputy lieutenant or officer in the
Cafe ail the poor, who are chosen by militia, for recovering the nenalties
^ thete^

^trr J A N U A R Y , ^
thereby incurred, one moiety of which Said, that there is a party in this
is by this bill to helong to the proSecu- houSe who are Sor continuing us in the
tor. And as the militia is not by the Same weak and unarmed condition, on
bill to be drawn out, until aSter the oc- purpoSe that we may be obliged, as
caSion Sor doing So bas bern commu- oSten as we are in danger, real or chinicated
to parliament, this will be a merical, to bring over and maintain a
third bar to any Such attempt ; be- body os German or electoral troops ?
cauSe the drawing out oS this militia, And if this opinion should prevail awithout
any such communication, mong the people, may it not be of the
would give an immediate alarm to most dangerous confequence to our
the whole nation. and Set every man, pteS'ent happy establishment, and to
not engaged in the plot, upon provld- the illustrious family now upon our
ing for has defence. Nor can the ne- throne ? It certainly will ; for the JaceSsiry
of this communication ever he cobites will industriously afciihe this
of any bad conSequence, berauSe an design chiefly to our Sovereign ; and
inSurrection, or invasion, which may as the* principal opposers of the bill
he easily prevented or defeated by our are known to he in high Savour with
standing army, can never occasion the his majesty, this unjust imputation will,
drawing out oS the militia ; and a l Sear, gain too much credit amon^
more Sormidable insurrection, or in- the people without doors. Therefore.
vaSion, can never he So Sudden, or un- is the objections to the form of this
foreseen. as not to give time for the bill were mucb more materia^ than
meeting of parliament. they really are, out of regard to our
I hope. Sit, l have now shewn, present happy establishment, and to
that it is possible to establish a well the royal family now upon our throne^
disciplined and Serviceable militia, we should he cautious of rejecting it
even by the bill now before us ; that at such a critical conjuncture
the expence will be but a meer trifle, I should now conclude, Sir ; but
in comparison with the expence we lest what has bern mentioned from
must he pot to, by any other method the Roman history should have more
os providing for our Security, and that weight than it ought to have, 1 must
the militia, propoSed by this bill, can beg leave to make Some remarks upon
never he of any dangerous conSe- that part oS their history, which I
quence to our constitution or liberties. could not miss looking into upon this
but when we talk oS danger, Sir, let occasion. During their monarchy,
us consider the danger of rejecting and for Some years after the establishthis
bill. By dear bought experience ment oS their common-wealth, their
she wholc nation is now berome Sensi- armies could consist of none but men
ble of the necessity of our having Such oS Some property, berauSe they gave
a militia established. By the want os neither pay nor silbsistance to their
^uub a militia we have been prevented Soldiers, no not even in time of war ;
from fending Such Succours to our Sor Livy expreSily tells ns, that the
countrymen in America, as we ought first time they gave any pay to their
to have done : At least this will, I Soldiers, was after the siege and deknow,
he pretended as an excuse Sor molition oS the rich city oS AnXur.
our Satai neglect t hy the want oS it which happened in the 34e^th year after
we have been obliged to bring over tbe building oS the city, and conSe^
a body op German troops : And by ouently above an bundred years ustcc
the want os it y^-c have bern obliged the establishment of the commonly
hetition his majesty to bring over a wealth.
hoaly os his electoral troops. If this But after they began to give pay tta
la Should be rejected, what will be their Soldiers in time oSwar, they cet-.
^id withont doosa^ Will it not be tainly had in thcis artnsca free^ea o^
XIII. ^ r.m

M A G A ^ 1 N E of^MAGA^lNE^
no property, or at least many Such
as were not worth i ioeoo ^tira, and
consequently were of the sixth clafs
instituted by Seryius Tullius ; Sor they
would not certainly have lifted Slaves
in their army, aSter buying them at
the publick exprence Srom their maSters,
as they did after the battle oS
Cannae, if there had been a fufficent
number of freemen in che city that
wete fit for service, and the historian
cxpreSsly says, that this was occasioned
by a fcarcity of freemen. As to
what the historian means by the word
^is in che history of Seryius Tullius,
it is more the business of a critick than
mine. It is very crue chat the denomination
of money, which among the
Romans was called .t^as, at first meant
a pound weight os brafs, as our pound
Sterling ac first meant a pound weight
of Silver ; but that word came afterwards
to mean a denomination of
money among them, which did not
exceed, in value, our three farthings,
and consequently in the elivision of
the people established by Seryius Tullius,
if this was the historian's meaning,
the sixth clafs of people, who
were to be immunes militia, consisted
of those whose whole substance did
not amount to 54l- 7s. 6d. and that
this was the historian's meaning I am
apt to believe, hecanfe it is nor probable
that, in a city which had not
been built much above 200 years,
there would be any considerable number
oS people that were worth 75oleach,
which would have been the
cafe, if the historian had meant by
i00,coo teris, i oo,coo pound weight
erf brass, and that brafs had been
near about the Same value it is at present.
But as I have already shewn,
that the Romans afterwards listed
poor freemen as well as rich in their
armies, and confequently that among
them the poor as well as the rich must
have been bred to military discipline,
lhi., dispute about the historian's meaning
can signify nothing in the pre-
S.-ut debate, nor can any thing in tho
Roman history be made an argument
against the bill now before us, which
1 hope will be passed into a law.
The next Debate I am to give you was
occasioned by a Motion made in our
Cluh, pretty early in the last Winter,
ser Leave to hring in a Bill, for the
Encouragement of Seamen, and the
more Speedy and effectual Manning
bis Majesty's Navy ; and the designed
Substance of the intended Bill having
been as usual Opeued, T. Herminius
fCol. G—ge H-ld-ne) food up
and seoke thus.
Mr. President,
S i R,
'ff AM very sorry to hear Such a mo-
| tion made at this time, becauSe it
is a motion which, I think, we cannot
at present agree to, and our putting
a negative upon it, or even putting
it off by means of the previous
question, may discourage many seamen
from entering into his majesty's
service, as it may give them a suspicion,
that we intend to deprive thetn
of the advantages they were entitled
to during the last war, and will be,
by the laws now in being, again entitled
to, as soon as his majesty shall
be pleased to declare war against any
kingdom or state in Europe. I believe
no gentleman desires that his country
should be involved in a war, if it can
be pollibly avoided, and every gentleman,
I believe, knows, that a negociation
is still carried on for accommodating
all our differences with the
French in an amicable manner, and
that they are now using all their art,
to make us be looked on, in case os
a rupture, as the aggressors in the
war. In such circumstances, it is
surely our interest to proceed with
caution and moderation, and to avoid
giving success to their artful conduct
by any precipitate measure on our
side- I shall not say, that we have
occasion for any allies, in .cafe it should

at last come to an open war, berauSe,
I hope, we shall be able to confine
it to a maritime and American war;
but Surely, we ought to prevent, if
possible, our enemy's having any allies
in the war, and consequently we
ought to avoid giving them any plausible
pretence to call for the assistance
oS thofe powers that are actually engaged
with them in a deSensive alliance.
And it is certain, that his majesty
is not only the best, but the only
judge what measures are most proper
for preventing its being in the
power of' France to persuade any court
in Furope that we have been the aggressors
in the war. It is, indeed, an
affair which we cannot any way pretend
to ^udge of becaufe we know
nothing of the prefent state oS the
negotiation, or how the other powers
of Europe stand affected with regard
to the present disputes betyveen France
and us in America ; and even Supposing
we did, we ought not allow
the bringing in oS Such a bill as this,
hecauSe it would be, in my opinion,
a parliamentary declaration of war,
which is absolutely inconsistent with
our constitution, and would be an encroachment
upon one of the most undoubted
and most necessary prerogatives
of the crown.
This incroachment, Sir, would, in
the prefent cafe, be the more flagrant,
as there is not the least occasion for it t
^very British seaman, at least every
t^ne of thera that has ever read or
heard of the act passed in i739,must
^ow, that they have the sole right to
all prizes which they shall have a concern
in taking when employed in his
majesty's ships of war, after war has
^een once declared by his maiesty ;
^d even with regard to ptivateers
tliey know, that the owners and the
Seamen on hoard of such privateers,
^ave> by the same act, the sole right
^ all prizes that shall be taken by
ttich privateers after they have receiv-
^ their commissions ; and that as soon
^ ^ar is declared, the lords commif-
^nerS of the Admiralty are obliged
a D
J A N U A R Y. 1 ^ . ' ^
to issue commissions to all such as shall
apply for them in the proper and
usual manner. This sole right, they
know, • is already vested in ihem by
act of parliament, and that without
any deduction, except the fees of the
Admiralty court where the prize is
condemned, and thole fees, in his
majesty's plantations or dominions abroad,
not to exceed lo 1. for a prize
under ioo tons burthen, nor E ^1- for
a prize of loo tons, or any greater
burthen : Therefore no Seamen can,
from what is noyv proposed, have any
greater temptation to enter into his
majesty's service, than what he has
from the law as it now stands ; nor
can our bringing in such a bill, or
even our palling it into a law, encourage
any one seaman to enter
voluntarily into his majesty's service,
who is not already inclined to do so
as soon as he can find an opportunity.
Perhaps it may be true, Sir, that
the law whic'l was passed in 1739,
may stand in need of some explanations
and amendments, but no explanation
or amendment can give the Seamen
a better or a more extensive right
to their share in the prizes, than they
have by that law as it now Stands ;
and if methnds can be found for
making the recovery os that right
more expeditious, or lesa expensive,
shall we not have time enough to contrive
proper methods for this purpose
after the declaration of war ? For if
we should be obliged at last eo come
to that extremity, it is highly probable
the case will happen before the
end of this session ; and if the case
should happen, l hope we shall have
the assistance of the noble lord and
the Hon. gentleman who have made
and seconded this motion ; for tho' a
negative should now he put upon their
motion, 1 am persuaded, they will
join heartily and sincerely in every
method that can he thought of for encouraging
our brave seamen, and for
preventing, as much as possible, tho
necessity of pressing ; which l must allow
is often attended with ^rcat bard-

^ M A C A ^ 1 N E of M ACA21NE^
shipr upon the pressed men, and that it is impossible to prevent the ne•
Sometimes with irregularities in the cessity oS pressing, according to the
press-masters ; but both the hardships preSent method, for the Sea Service,
and irregularities are, I know, gene- any other way than by enabling the
rally exaggerated, Sor I am Sure that government to have always not only
the officers take as much care as pelfi- a list oS all the men in the British doble
to prevent berh. I indeed most minions fit Sor that Service, but also
heartily wish, that the pressing of men a knowledge where to call Sor them,
just upon their return from a long and a power to compel all os them to
voyage, or after they are engaged serve in their turn ; and it has been
in the merchant or privateer service, hitherto thought, that this would he
could by any means be prevented ; attended with greater inconveniences
but as for thofe Seamen that lurk and than the method we now have of
loiter at home, and live, perhaps sc providing for the Sea service. Whilst
a most extravagant rate, upon the cre- we pursue this method, there is no
dit allowed them by their landlords, way for lessening the inconveniences
vrhen their country stands in need of attending it, but by good usuage, and
their service, I must Say, that I think other advantages, to induce as many
they deserve as much to he pressed in- as possible to qualify themfelves set
to his majesty's sea service, as saga- the Sea service, and to enter voluntaaibonds
deferve to be prelSed into his ly when the government has occasion
majesty's land Service. for their Service ; and no law can he,
For both theSc Services, Sir, there I think, more effectual Sor this purmust
always be pressing when thehon- poSe, than that which was passed in the
our and safety of our country render year 1739.
it necessary to have Soldiers or Sailors, Therefore, Sir, if any amendments
and our government cannot find a can he made to that law, l shall most
Sclfficient number that will enter vo- readily agree to them, when it heluntarily.
The only reason why pref- comes convenient Sor us to take that
sing sor sailors has been mote frequent subject into our consideration ; but t^s
and more complained of than pressing enter upon it at present, wonld look
for soldiers, is, because from the situ- So much like a menace, that the
atton of this country, the former he- French would think themselves bound
comes much oftner necessary, and in honour to break off all negotiations
those that are liable to he pressed into with us, and all tbe courts of Eat'
the sea Service, have generally a rope would consider us as the Sole
much better character than those occasion of the war Whrch would nethat
are liable to be pressed into cessarily ensue ; for which reafon, 1
the land Service ; because we have hope, the noble lord will withdraw
not Sor many years been obliged to his motion, and thereby present ativ
make any man liable to be pressed gentleman's being obliged, contrary
into the latter ,but Such as have Some- to his inclination, to give it a ne^'
thing oS tbe vagabond in their cha- tive.
racter But iS an invasion, or other [This JoaalrAL to he continued in err
fucb danger, should oblige ttsto raise next.]
a numerous army, we should he under
a necessity to preSs men of a het- Lose of the King of Prussia eon'iron^
ter character into the land service or form p. 515, of December Mag^
to oblige all the men fit for the Service aine, 1756, and corrcnded.
to draw lots, and even in tbat case,
those upon whom the lot Sell, must he T is eaSy to perceive that if
pressed, if they refused to sesvevolun- ^ king of Prussia's reasons be sum'
•tartly. From hcnce I am convinced, taont ; ambition ot animosity can ne^

- J A N U A R Y,
want a plea Sor violence and invasion.
What he charges upon the queen of
Hungary, the waste of countries, the
expulsion of the Bavarians, and the
employment oS Soreign troops, is the
unavoidable consequence of a war instamed
on either Side to the utmost violence.
All theSe grievances subsisted
when he made the peace, and there-
Sore they could very little justify its
breach.
It is true that every prince of the
empire is obliged to support the imperial
dignity, and assist the emperor
when his rights are violated. And
every SubSequent contract must he understood
in a sense consistent with
former obligations, nor had the king
power to make a peace on terms contrary
to that constitution by which he
held a place among the Germanic
electors- But he could have easily
discovered, that not the emperor but
the duke oS Bavaria was the queen's
enemy, not the administrator of the
imperial power, but the claimant of
the Austrian dominions. Nor did ins
allegiance to the emperor, supposing
the emperor injured, oblige him to
more than a succour of ten thousand
men. But io,00o men could not conquer
Bohemia, he could receive no reward
sor the r.eai and fidelity, which
he so loudly protested.
The success of this enterprise he
had taken all possible precaution to
secure. He was to invade a country
guarded only by the faith of treaties,
and therefore leSt unarmed, and unprovided
of all defence. He had engaged
the French to attack Prince
Charles before he should re- pass the
Bhine, by which the Austrians would
at least have been hindered from a
fpeedy march into Bohemia, they were
likewife to yield him Such othet assistance
as he might want.
Relying therefore upon the promises
oS the French, he reSolved to
attempt the ruin oS the house of Austria
and in August 1744, broke into
buhemia at the head of an hundred
•ad four thousand men. When be
entered the country he published a
proclamation promising. That his ar.
my should observe the strictest discipline.
and that those who made no
resistance Should he suffered to remain
at quiet in their habitations. He required
that all arms, in the custody
of whomsoever they might be placed.
should he given up, and put into the
hands of public officers. He still declared
himself to act only as an auxiliary
to the emperor, and with no tether
design than to establish peace and
tranquility throughout Germany, his
dear country.
In this proclamation there is one
paragraph of which 1 do not remember
any precedent. He threatens that if
any peasant shall be found with arms,
he shall he hanged without further enquiry,
and that if any lord shall connive
at his vassals keening arms in
their custody, his village shall be reduced
to ashes.
It is hard to sind upon what pretence
the king of Pruflia could treat
the Bohemians as criminal, Sor preparing
to defend their native country.
or maintain their allegiance to their
lawSul sovereign against an invader.
whether he appears principal or auxiliary,
whether he professes to intend
tranquillity or confusion.
His progress was Such as gave great
hopes to the enemies os Austria ; like
C.e^aSAR he conquered as he advanced,
and met with no opposition
till he reached the walls os Prague.
The indignation and resentment of
the queen of Hungary may he easily
conceived ; the alliance of Eranckfort
was now laid open to all Europe, and
tbe partition of the Austrian dominions
was again publickly projected.
They were to he shared among the
emperor, the king of Prussia, the
elector palatine, and the landgrave of
Hesse. All the powers of Europe who
bad dreamed of controuling France,
were awakened to their former terrors;
all that had been done was now to
be done again, and every court from
the straits of Gibraltar to the Froxen
Sea,

T!^ M A G A Z I N E o f M A G A 2 1 N E ^
Sea, was filled with exultation or terror,
with Schemes of conquest or precautions
Sor desence.
The kiug delighted with bis progreSs,
and expecting like other mortals,
elated with SucceSs, that bis prosperity
could not he interrupted, continued
his march, and hegan in the
fatter end oS September the siege of
Prague. He bad gained Several of the
outer posts when he was informed
that the convoy which attended his atsillery
was attacked by an unexpected
party of the Austrians. The king
immediately went to their assistance
•with the third part of his army, and
Sound his troops put to flight, and the
Austrians hasting away with his cannons;
such a lofs would have disabled
him at once. He Sell upon the
Austrians whoSe number would not
enable them to withstand hint, recovered
his artillery, and having also
defeated Bathiani, raited his hattelies,
and there being no artillery to
be played against him, he destroyed
a great part of the city. He
then ordered four attacks to be made
at once, and reduced the hesieged to
Inch extremities that in fourteen days.
the governor was obliged to yield the
place.
At the artack commanded by
^chverin, a grenadier is reported to
have mounted the bastion alone, and
to have defended himself for some
time with his fword, till his followers
mounted after him ; for this act of
bravery the king made him a lieutenant,
and gave him a patent of nobih'ty.
Norhing now remained but that the
Austrians should lay aside all thought
of invading France, and apply their
whule power to their own defence.
Prince Charles at the first news os the
Prussian invasion prepared to re-pafs
the l^hine. This the Ftench, according
to their contract with the king
of Prussia, should have attempted to
hinder, but they knew by experience
that the Austrians would not he heaten
without resistance, that the refist-
ance always incommodes an affatlant,
As the king oS Prussia rejoiced in the
distance oS the Austrians whom he considered
as entangled in the French territories
; the French rejoieed in the
necessity of their return, and pleased
themselves with the prospect of ealy
conquests, while powers whom
they confidered with equal maievolences,
should he employed in rnaffacringeach
other.
Prince Charles took the opportunity
of bright moonshine to re-pass
the Rhine, and Noaillea, who had
early intelligence os his morions, gave
him very little disturbance, but contented
bimielf with attacking the
rear-guard, and when .hey retired to
the main body ceased his pursuit.
The king upon the reduction of
Prague struck a medal, which had on
one side a plan os the town, with this
inscription ;
Prague taken hy the kins' of Prussia,
September 16, 1744 ;
For fhe third time in theeeyenrr.
On the other side were two verses in
which he prayed, That his conquests
might produce peace. He then marched
forward with the rapidity which
constitutes his military character, took
possession of almost all Bohemia, and
began to talk of entering Austria and
besieging Vienna.
The t • een was not yet wholly without
reSource. The elector of Saxony,
whether invited or not,. was not comprised
in the union of Frankfort, and
as every sovereign is growing leSs as
his next neighbour is growing greater,
he could not heartily wish fuccefs to a
confederacy which was to agranoive
the other powers of Germany. The
Prussians gave him likewise a particular
and immediate provocation to oppose
them ; Sor when they departed to
the conquest of Bohemia, with all the
elation of imaginary fuccefs, theypaf-
Sed through his dominions with unlicensed
and contempruous dildain ot
his authority. As the approach ot
Prince

I^r J A N U ^
Prince Charles gave a new profpect oS
events, he was easily persuaded to enter
into an alliance wilh the queen,
whom he furnished with a very large
body oS troops.
The king os PruSsix having lest a
garrion in Prague, which he commanded
to pot the burghers to death,
if they left their houses in the night,
went forward to take the other towns
and Sortresses, expecting perhaps that
Prince Charles would he interrupted
in his march ; but the French, thongh
they appeared to Sollow him, either
could not, or wonld not overtake
him.
In a short rime by marches pressed
en with the utmost eagerness, Charles
reached Bohemia, leaving the Bavarians
to regain the possession oS the wasted
plains os their country, which their
enemies, who still kept the strong places,
might again Seize at will. At the
approach os the Austrian army the coutsge
oS the king of Prussia seemed to
have Sailed him He retired Srom post
te post,'and evacuated town aSter town,
and fortress after fortress, without re-
Srttance, or appearance oS resistance,
2s if he was resigning them to the right-
Sal owners.
It might have been expected that
he should have made some effort to
Secure Prague, but alter a Saint attempt
to dispute the passage as the
^he, he ordered his garriSon of eleven
thousand men to quit the place.
^hey left behind them their msga-
^nes, and heavy artillery, among
which were Seven pieces of remarkable
^cellence, called the Seven Electors.
ont they took with them their field
tannon and a great number of car-
^^es laden with stores and plunder,
ulnch they were forced to leave intheir
^2y to the Saxons and Austrians, that
^ffed their march. They at last
^tered Silesix with the lofsos andut a
third part.
^he king of Prussia suffered
^th in his retreat, sor besides the
^htary stereo which he left eve-
^here behind him, even to tho
F Y,
cloaths of his troops, there was
want of provifions in bis army and
consequently Srequent deSertions and
many diSeases, and a Soldier sick and
killed was equally lost to a flying army.
At last he re-entered his own territories,
and having stationed his troopo
in places oS security, returned fas a
time to Berlin, where he Sorbad all to
Speak either ill or well of tbe campaign.
To what end Such a prohibition
could conduce, it is difficult to discover
t there is no country in which
men can he forbidden to know what
they know, and what is universally
known may as well he Spoken. It in
true that in popular governments seditaous
diSconrses may inflame the vulgar.^
but in Such governments they o an nor
be restrained, and in abSolute monarchies
tbey are oS little effect
When the Prussians invaded Bohe^
mia, and this whole nation was fired
with resentment, the king oS England
gave orders in his palace that nolon
should mention his nephew with disrespect
; by this command he maintained
the decency necessary betwecw
princes, without enforcing and probably
without expecting obedience but na
his own presence.
The king oS Prussia's edict regarded
only himleif, and therefore it tv
difficult to tell what was his motive^
unless be intended to fpare himself
the mortification of absurd and il
liberal flattery, which to a mind
stung with disgrace, must have bee^
in the highest degree painful and disgusting
Moderation in proSperiry, is a virtue
very difficult to all mortals r forberrance
of revenge, when revenge on
within reach, is Scarcely ever to bo
sound amonge princes. Now was the
time when the queen of Hungary
might pethapr have made peace on her
own terms, but keenneis of reSeno^
ment, and arrogance of success withheld
her from the due use of the present
opportunity, Itia laid that the

M A G A ^ 1 N E ofMAGA^SN^
king of Prussia in his retreat Sent let- The particulars of this battle were
ters to prince Charles which were Sup- variously reported by the different parpoled
,ro .^contain ample concessions, ties, and published in the journals os
baat yvcre sent back un-opened. The K. that time ; to tranferihe them would
of England offered likeyviSe to mediate he tedious and useless, berauSe ac-
between them, but his propositions yyere counts of battles are not easily under-
rejected at Vienna, where a resolution stood, and because there are no means
was taken not only to revenge the of determining to which of the relati-
interruption of their Success on the ons credit should be given. It is suf-
Rhine by tbe recovery of Silesia, but ficient that they all end in claiming or
to reward the Saxons for their sea- allowing a compleat victory to the K.
sonable help, by giving them part of of Prussia, who gained all the Austri-
tbe Prussian dominions.
an artillery, killed 4to00, took 7o00
In the beginning of the veari745 prisoners. with the lols according to
died the emperor Charles of Bavaria, the Pruthan narrative, os only lticro
tbe treaty of Frankfort was conse- men.
quently at an end, and the king of He now advanced again into Bo-
Prussia being no longer able^to mainhemia, where. however, he made no
tain the character of auxiliary to the great progress. The queen of Hun-
ernperor, and having avowed no other gary though defeated was not Subdu-
reason for the war might have hoed. She poured in her troops Srom
nourably withdrawn his forces, and all parts to the reinforcement os P.
on his own principles have complied Charles, and determined to continue
with terms of peace : But no terms the struggle with all her power.
were ndt.-red him;thequeee pursued him The king Saw that Bohemia was an
with the utmost ardour of hostility, unpleasing and inconvenient theatre
and the French left him to his orvn of war, in which he should he ruined
conduct, and his own destiny. by a miscarriage, and should get little
His Bohemian conquests were al- by a victory. Saxony was left deready
lost, and he was now chafed fenceless. and if it was conquered
hack into Silesia, where at the he- might he plundered.
gaining of the year the war continu- He therefore published a declaration
ed in an equilibration by alternate againt the clector os Saxony, and with-
losses and advantages. In April the out waiting for reply, invaded his
elector of Bavaria Seeing his domini- dominions. This invasion produced
ons overrun by the AuStrians, and re- another battle at Standentz, which
ceiving very little succour from the ended, as the former, to the advantage
French, made a peace with the of the Prussians. The Austrians had
of Hungary upon eaSy conditions, and some advantage in the beginning, and
the Austrian^ had more troops to em- their irregular troops, who ate always
ploy against Prussia.
daring and always ravenous, broke
But the revolutions of war will not into the Prussian camp, and carried
suffer human presumption to remain away the military chest. But this was
long unchecked. The peace with easily repaired by the Spoils of Saxony
Bavaria was Scarcely Condnded when The queen of Hungary was still
the battle of' Fontenoy was lost, and inflexible, and hoped that fortune
all the allies os Austria called upon her would at last change. She recruited
to exert her utmost power for the pre- once mote her army, and prepared
servation of the low countries, and a to invade the territories of Branden-
sew days after the loss at Fontenoy, burg, but the king of Prussia's a^
the first battle between the Prussians tivity prevented all her designsand
the combined army of Austrians One pert of his forces seized Lei^
and Saxons wa^ Sought at Nredbutg sic and the either once mure
^silesix.
defes'

^ J A N U A R Y .
ted the Saxons ; the king of Poland
fled from his dominions, and prince
Charles retired into Bohemia. The
king of Prussia entered Drefden as
a conqueror, exacted very Severe
contributions from the whole country,
and the Austrians and SaXons
were at last compelled to receive
from him Such a peace as he would
grant. He iinpoSed no Severe conditions
except the payment oS the
contributions, made no new claim of
dominions, and, with the elector Palatine,
acknowledged the duke of Tufcany
for emperor.
The lives of ptinCes, like the histories
of nations, have their periods
We shall here suspend our nartative of
the king of Prussia, who was now at
the height of human greatness, giving
laws to his enemies, and courted by
all the powers of Europe. What wiis
he the event of the prefent war it is
yet too early to predict ; bis enemies
are powerful, but we have Seen those
enemies once conquered, and there is
no great reaSon to imagine that the
confederacy against him will last long.
Tryai of A.hnirai B Y N G.
lo which we have, in Oreler to render is
more useful, added Azotes to explain
she Sea Terms thatoernr therein.
A T a Court-Martial sspembled on
.Lh. board bis Majesty's Ship St.
George, in Portsmouth harbour, open
the 27tb of Ddhember 1756 ;
2nd held every day aSterwards (Sundays
excepted) till the 27th of" Jauuary,
1757, inclusive.
P R E S E N T ,
Vice- Admiral sixtttn, President,
ltear-Adiniral HoLttOuRNE,
Bear-Admiral NoRRts,
Rear-Admiral BaoDERlca,
Captain HoLsves,
Captain GEARY,
Captain Bovs,
Captain MooRE,
Captain StstcoE,
Captain DouGL.ss,
Caprain BENtLET,
Captain Kerr EL. And
Captain DENms,
^111, '
St. George, in Portsmouth Harlonr Dec.
A Jack in the miven shrouds was
ss^ hoisted as a signal for a courtmartial
; about 9 a gun fired for all
captains in the harbour to come on
board, the commiisson was reatl, and
the members of the court were Sworn.
Tuefdav, Adm. Byng waa
brought to the bar (a place fitted up
to the right of the president for his
sitting or standing) with his clerks and
writers, the commission, with the articles
exhibited against him were
read ; to which, in a short decent
Speech oS two or three minutes, he
said, he thought himself happy in
his present situation, to have his conduct
enquired into by gentlemen of
their well known abilities and candour,
and from thence hoped to
anfwer for himfelf with honour.
Wedn. 29. Rear Adm. West was
Sworn and examined 'till near 5 in
the evening t when the court was
adjourning he begged they would
compleat his examination that night,
because he was going out upon an expedition
oS great importance, by the
king's Special order : but as the
court and Mr. Byng hat^many queftions
to ask him, the court informed
him they should be glad to go thro'
but that there was not time, and then
Ike court adjourned till next morning.
Thursday 3o. Adm. West appeared,
and finished his examination, Some
oS the most material questions were,
whether any unnecessary delay was
made at St, Hel n's, or Gibraltar ?
AnSwered in the negative. At what
distance the Ramilites was Stom the
Buckingham at the time of the engagement
? he replied about thrro
miles. Whether the admiral and the
rear could have come up to the assistance
oS the van, and come to as
Close an engagement with the enemy
^ he answered, he knew no impediment
to the contrary, but that ho
would not he understood to mean there
was none. How the wind and weather
waa^ He replied, very calm
E and

^ ^ M A C A ^ l N S ^ of M ACA ^ IN E ^
and fine. Whether he could keep
bis lower ports open ? He replied,
yes ; and that he knew but of
one ship which could not, and that
was che Deptrord, who occasionally
lowered her pores. How* many men
he had killed and wounded ? he replied
3 killed and 7 wounded. What
damage he received in his hull, masts,
yards and rigging ? Sor an anSwer co
which he referred chem co a written
account he had delivered into court
thereof. He was asked in what condition
the fleet was in regard to men,
on the 2oth of May, trie morning of
the engagement ? he replied, in very
good. Whether he Saw any fire from
the admiral's stiip during the engagemeat
? he Said, that when he was
looking towards the intrepid, which
was in distreSs a stern oS her, he did
lee Some Smoke, which probably might
be Srom the admiral's Ship, or Some of
his division, but hecould not discover
at what ship it was directed. Whether
on the 24th of May, the day of
the council of war, his ship was repaired
fit for a second engagement ? he
anSweted, yes: beSore that. When t
he anf.vered, the very next night alter
the engagement, Mr. Byng asked
him, whether it was not in the power
of the enemy to decline coming to a
close engagement, as the 2 fleets were
Situated 1 he replied, yes, but as
they lav to for our fleet, he apprehended
they intended to fight Whetherhe
was os opinion that the forces on
board the fleet could have relieved Minorca
? He Said, he heiieved not.
W hether Some of the ships were not
defi cienc in their complement of men ;
Some of the ships out of repair ; and
whether not deficient in point of force
with refpect to the enemy ? To which
he anlwered in the affirmative.
Lord Blakeney Sworn. In the
course of his examination he informed
the court of the time the British fleet
was discovered by the garrison, and
the rime oS its disappearing; that upr
cn Sight of them he wrote a letter to
tccarriedby Mr. lloyd, bis storekecp-
er, and aid-de-camp to Col. Jeffery's,
to inform the admiral of his situation,
&c. a copy of which letter he had in
his hand, and desired it might he read ;
but Mr. Bvng objecting thereto, as it
was only a copy, and not the original,
it was read, as Mr. Boyd was to he
examined thereto, and could produce
the original. Mr. Byng ashed the general
whether he thought the forces
could be landed ? he answered very
easily. Whether there were not some
fafcines thrown in the way ? he said,
yes ; but which might have heen easily
destroyed. Whether their attempting
to land the men would not have
been attended with danger ? the general
replied he had heen upwards of
5o years in the service, a ad that he
never knew any expedition of consequence
carried into execution, but
what was attended with some danger ;
but that of all the expeditions he ever
knew, this was the worst. Mr. Byng
asked whether the French had not a
castle at the point, which might have
prevented their landing ? the general
anfwered, Not on the 2oth of May ;
and said, that the enemy were then
in such distress for ammunition, that
tliey fired stones at che garrison. Mr.
Byng askd che general, whether he
thought the officers and sew men he
had on board the fleet could have been
of any greac service to the garrison ?
he anfwered, yes, very great service,
for chac he was obliged ac chat time to
set some of his men to plaister the
breaches.
Friday, 3i. Mr. Boyd Sworn. lu
the course os his examination, it appeared,
chac he was Sent off wich a
leccer, in a boat, to deliver to the admiral,
but could not be particular to
the time ; that he kept out as long at
he thought it probable to reach the
admiral ; but when he Sound it im"
practicable Sor hira to close the admiral,
as he was then going to the Southward,
he returned without delivering
the letter. Mr. Byng asked him.
how long he waiced before the beat
was r^ady to bring him off 1 He could

f^r J A N U A R Y, ^
not recollect; but remembred he waited
for it till he was very impatient,
Whether he in the boat did not pais
thro' Some firings of the enemy ? answered
there was Some Straggling fire
of Small arms, and about ^ or 4 cannon
shot. Whether it did not do
them Some damage ? he anfwered, no ;
he did not knoyv that one of them as
much as touched the boat, How long
he might he ostein the boat t About e.n
hour and a half. Whether there was
any breeze of wind ? anfwered, when
he got from the land he found a
breeze. Whether he thought the admiral
could seethe boat? answered,
no ; he helieved not at that distance,
and fo late in the evening.
Capt. Everitt appeared, and desired
to hear the articles of the charge,
he not happening to he in court when
they were formerly read, which was
objected to by Mr. Byng, as contrary
to the custom of the court ; but tbe
captain requesting it, the same were
read. Capt. Everitt being fworn,
and having tome papers in his band,
was asked what they were ? He anfwered,
they were minutes he had
taken from the ships log-book and his
own journal, to refresh his memory :
to the using of which Mr. Byng objected,
the log-hook not heing proper
testimony, whereupon the court was
cleared to delibrate upon the point,
l-pon the court's heing opened again,
their opinion was, that those minutes
might he used to refresh his memory
upon such points only as fell immediately
under his own observation. In
the course of his examination it appeared,
that there was all possible dispatch
made, and no unnecessary delay
in the Sailing oS the fleet from St. Helens
to Gibraltar, and from thence to
Mahcn ; that the Buckingham's men
were healthy, having but two incapable
of coming to their quarters ; that
they had about 90 or too tuns of water
on board ; that they got sight of
the island of Minorca about 6 in the
morning of the 19th of May; that
about i i in the forenoon they were
^oleaguca distant from St- Philips
Castle, and believed that was the nearest
distance he was to it ; that about
two in the afternoon the French fleet
was Seen distinctly, standing to the
westward, but could not fay at what
distance ; that our fleet was standing
to the S- E- the wind at S. S. W. moderate
fine weather ; that on the an
of May, about 8 in the morning,
they faw the French fleet preparing tor
engagement. The like question^
were proposed to him as to rear Adm.
West ; and in his anfyyera, was of opinion,
that the admiral's division might
have carried all their fail, and thereby
assisted the van, and prevented
them from receiving fo much fire from
the enemy's rear. Mr. Byng was asked
whether he chofe to ask C'apt. Everitt
any questions ; to which he replied,
he had no questions to propose
then, but should have occasion to ask
him Some hereafter, therefore desired
he might be kept in the way for that
purpote. Capt. Everitt said, he should
have been very glad if thofe questions
could then be asked, as he was under
Sailing orders with Adra. West. Mr.
Byng anfwered, he could not propose
them at that time, but would as soon
as possible ; upon which Capt. Everritt
was ordered to attend the court,
Mr. Byng then informed the court
that he wanted to ask Id. Blakeney
fome questions ; wherfore the general
was ordered to attend next morning
at 9 o'clock, to which time the court
then adjourned.
Sat. Jan. I. Lord Blakeney appeared
in court, in consequence of' Mr,
Byng's request, when the admiral proposed
a question, thesubstanceofwhicll
and the anfwets, were as follow :
Whether if the admiral had landed
'the troops it could have saved St. Philip's
from falling into the hands of
the enemy ? his lordship said. it yvas
impossible for him to anfwer that queltion
with any certainty ; but was of
opinion that had they been landed, be
should have been able to have held
out the siege till He Ldw. Hawhe had
come to his relief,
a L The

Than the four first lieutenants of the
Buckingham, Capt. Eyeritt, Adm
West' 's own ship. were examined, and
als agreed that they knew of no impediment
to hinder the admiral and his
division from coming to the assistance
os the van, which was closely engaged,
and raked by the enemy's rear as
they came up, and that the admiral
was not soon bv them to go to a close
engagement with the enemy, agreehle
to his own signals.
Monday, Jan. 3. Cape. Everitt was
croSs^examined by the court and Mr.
Byng, and being asked how many guns
the Ships in the Van or the enemy carried,
answered, that the sides ofthoSe
next the Buckingham had 14 on the
lower deck, all the others 13. Of
what rate theay were ^ answered, one
a 74 gun ship. the others and fix
in number. Whether, if Adm. Bytig
had come to a clofe engagement, a
complete victory nsight have been obtained
? anfwer, There was ail the
reason in the world to expect it, it
being well known that Adm. Weft
bear off two ships, he had but 5 ships
- to their6, and ours fmaller ships than
theirs. and their metal heavier. How
the wind ? nnlwer, as fair a gale as
could he wished for Whether he had
too much or too little ? anfwer, Just
enough and no more. What fail had
Mr. Byng? anfwer, his lower courses,
(i) top and top-gallant-saiis, full; but
his main sail, main-top -Sail, and topgallant-Sail,
aback (2).
The court then ashed Mr. Byng if
he should have occasion to ask Capt.
Eyeritt, or any of the Buckingham's
people, any more questions ; and being
anfwered in the negative, the
captain and the rest of the officers os
the Buckingham were discharged from
aM A G A ^ 1 N E of M A G A Z I N E S
any further attendance on the court
and were informed they niight repair
on board their ships.
Capt. Gilchrist Sworn. He acquainted
the court, that he was situated opposite
the rear admiral on the aorhof
May, to repeat signals. In the courSe
of his examination he said, .every ship
did not bear ( 3) down at a proper diftance
fo attack the enemy, according
to signals thrown out Sor that purpose
by the admiral, al out half an hour
past two o'clock; but that the rear
admiral and his division bore down
right before the wind, and hauled (4)
up opposite to their proper ships, and
attacked the enemy, excepr the Defiance,
which appeared .to he rather
ahead; that the ships in the rear
were in a line oS battle a-head ; upon
which the Defiance threw aid a-back,
^5) and Sell down upon her proper
ship, the headmost ship of the eneny;
that the admiral did not bear d wn
before the wind upon the enem' , no'
any of his division; that theFrenaa
fleet, at she time of the signal let.engaging,
were all laying to (6) with their
tnain-iop-sails co the masts ; and chat
our van was in the Same position : he
could not take upon him to say whether
che admiral ever engaged at a
proper distance, on account of the
Smoke from die firings of the Be-
Venge, PrinceSs Louisa, and Trident,
agreed that the wind, weather, and
situation of the enemy's fleet, was
such as to enable them to engage ac
a proper distance ; chat the ships in
the rear did not make all the Sail thry
could to dole with the enemy, from
the time the Signal was given Sor battie
till the action was over ; but,
that in the latter part of the action.
' ^ " the
Mr. Byng Set all his Sail, except top
1 r )Thc courses ttre the main- Sail, and fore Sail or the largest Sails on the main and sorc-rva't.
(S) The meaning of Sails being a-haek, is. that they are h-wsedso by means of the braces,
er ropes, fixed to tbe yards, that the wind blows against the back oi'the fai S, and by that
nreans stops, or. at least, great y* hinders the motion of the ship.
By bearing down, is meant makingtbe Ship Sail more before the wind
(^yTohawlup implies, to turn tho ship's head more towards the wind
By theowing a'ii a-b ck, is meant the hawling the Ssils the contrary way, So that tho
wind may blow a gar rait the back of them, bv which nreasas the ship's motion is stopped .
(e^) By laying to, with their roain-top Sails ttr dre malt, is meant the mam-top Sill hean^
.-eaalt, and the ship's motion very Small.

^JANUARY.
top-gallant-sails ; that the wind and
weather was such that he could have
carried all the fail in the ship that he
commanded, and knesv of no reason.
why rhey could not do the Same ;
that Che van of our fleeC was engaged
about an hour and a quarter ; that
the admiral did not continue in the
Same poSition, but kept lasking (7) away,
angling from che enemy ; chat
he Saw the Ramillies sire; chac che
distance of Some of the rear division
from the van seemed to be about three
miles ; chac he made no doubt if the
rear had carried Sail, all along, but
they might have prevented the enemy's
tear from pouring Some oS their
fire into our van ; and that the distance
between our rear and their van
was occasioned by our rear throwing
their top-Sails a- back when they began
to fire.
Capt, Heryev, os the Phoenix, Sworn.
He was stationed a-breast tne admiral
to repeat signals ; that about 43 minutes
after two, Signal was made for
the DeptSorel to quit the line ; and abeut
5o minutes aSter two, tlieBamilhes
began to fire upon the enemy, having
beSore that received the ire of the
3 tternmost ships of the enemy for ahout
io or i2 minutes, in which time
he obServed some of the enemy's, Shot
tn sail between the Ramillics and his
shl^ the Phtanix ; about the same
time he observed the Intripid's for^top
to he lost - he obferved then, that the
^uck motion of the lntripid in bearing
^lewn, hed occasioned her to be raked
ry the enemy, to lose her topmast, and
inn the risk of falling on board the
^hairal, who was then engaged, and
might not fee them time enough to
prevent it. Some time after the Rallies
ceased fire, the i ith ship in the
anotny ^ tine bore away from the Ranullies
strc, ^ ^as concluded bv the
^opla on board ; that the Culloden
^red hat ^ p^ times, and at a greater
distance than the Ramillies ; that the
^hele sue ceased about five in tbe af-
ternootl ; that the enemy seemed to
go off from the fire of our van, Some
of them not damaged.
Tuefday, Jan. 4. Capt,* Hervey
re-examined till near two, with very
little variation from the narative he
had given the court the day before.
Captain Amhurst was examined,
which lasted a long time, and he and
all the officers that have yet been examined,
?cquit the admiral of any unnecessary
delays , but could not fpeak
positively as to the admiral's conduct
during the engagement.
Wedn. Jan. c. Mr. Loyd, a lieutenant,
and Mr. Philips, a volunteer on
board the steet, but now a captain,
were examined ; in whose examination
nothing particular appeared, further
than has been already noted.
Thursday, Jan. 6. The lieutenant
of tbe Laneaster was examined, and
then a gentleman who was a volunteer
on board ; their evidence seemed
very clear and certain as to Some particular
facts which fell immediately
under their observation, and which
seem not much to be in favour of the
admiral.
The Same day Capt. Young oS the
Intrepid, the ship that was Said to have
occasioned Adm. Byng to back his
Sails, and to have thrown the whole
fleet into disorder, So as to prevent the
rear Srom a close engagement, was
examined, He had before given his
evidence in writing to the judge advocate,
which was read by the court and
then he was interrogated as to the
facts, and among many other queStious.
was alked.
Did the lofs of your foa'etopmast
put any of your ships in our rear in
danger of being on board you ? A^ot as
1 could perceive. —Did it occasion any
impediment to the admiral and his
division from going down and engaging
the enemy closely? Alotas ! could
perceive. —Did any of the ships in
the rear tack at that time t 1 did
not obsorve just then ; thry were to wind-
S 'r n.. • ward
t^ By lashing is mean: net steering directly t^Rards the enemy, with his how towards
then,

3^ ^ t t M A C A 2 1 N E of M A G a ^ 1 N E ^
ward of me ; and s setti several of the
flips upon my ttrcafher quarter with their'
topsui/r aback.—Did you think at that
time they were in any danger of being
on board you ? No ; 1 was to leeward
of them, fo could not drive athwart ihcm.
—Could they at that time have wore
clear of you, and gone down to the
center and rear of the enemy ? Yes ;
becesuse I was a head, and to leeward-
Did the admiral and his diviSion bear
down on your stern, and goto the center
and rear of the enemy ? No ; not
when my topmast went atrray — Dial they
at any time afterwards? Fes, near an
hour aseer, and -tent to leeward of me
and paste/ ma^-Did they go down to
the center and rear to engage properly?
The French were then gone, and left me
astern—What Sail had the French rear
set when they passed you ? 1 thin/,
their toofals and seresai/s.—What Sad
had the admiral and his division abroad
then ? Foresails ana/ sinyseih, and
the Cadodeu lcr topsails. —How long
alter you lost your topmast, was it before
the admiral and his division paf-
Sed to leeward of you ? About three
quarters of aei boer, or an hour— With
the wind as it then was, could the admiral
and bis division, iS they had Set
all their Sals, Srom the time the signal
for engaging was made and borne away
properly, could they have come
to a close engagement with the enemy
? Yes the French Wer e /crying to sor
use 1 went down only render rny topfails,
anal .hey might have addedsail in proport.ou
to the distance and going of their
strips— During the three quarters of an
hour, or an hour, which you mentioned
just now, did you observe what
fail the admiral and his division were
Under? No not particularly.— Did you
observe any motions that they made
for going dowti to the enemy ? No —
How long, aster yuu lost your foretop.
mast, did the center and rear of the
French fleet lay to ? Tie'/ the Revenge's
fleet than ru,i, wbo were opposite me, and
the rear se/lotecdthern —.-^Ster the admiral
and his division had made Sail,
did they get up with the center and
rear of the enemy, So as to come to a
close engagement ? There was very
little action aster that time. — Did you
before the French run, See the admiral
and his division closely engaged with
the enemy ? No ; they were a stern, and
to wine/ward of ma -Did you See
the admiral and his division engage
from first to last ? Yes ; seme of theshipl;
they sired.—Did you obServe at what
distance they were one Sroin another 1
1 did not tale notice.—Did you See any
oS their shot Sail ? No ; I was too marh
employed to take notice.—Was you within
point-blank shot oS the enemy ? 1
cannot jutge that exactly. •-• What distance
do you SuppoSe you were at that
time ? Within random mofqriet shot, 1 be-
/ieve, as the lieut. was tvounded with o
mastet ball—How Sar were tne rear
off at that time? 1 did riot take notice-^
When you bore down on the enemy
did the admiral and his division do Sti
to? No— Linder what Sail were she
admiral and hisdivision at that time
Under top-spile and sereforle—If flat
had borne down as the Intrepid did.
could they have clofed the enemy t^
have engaged properly? Yes; tle
French were leeying to—-Did thev by
to long enough to admit of it, Supt^
ing the admiral and his .division h^
set all their sails? Yes, lon^ enough ss
me, and /suppose the rest tos.—Were e-t
ships in a proper line of battle a-ht^
of one another when the signal tutt''
gaging was made ? and had all
ships bore away at the Same cit^'
would it not have prevented the rs^
niug aboard each other ? Fes ; '
was a very gond line formed ; they
not se near together, but every flip
room to wear. ,
Friday 7. Capt. H. Ward, os ^
Culloden, was examined. He det^'
beoat came on hard me, and desired I cd, that the shot Sell short ol ^
aarould leave off siring, that they might ing to leeward of the admiral
make sail, and go between me an/ thee. gave it aa his opinion, that hau
nerny, which they did directly , the French adsn. bote down, they nught haste ^

a^r J A N U A
en every ship of theFtench. After him
Several os his lieutenants, who spoke
to the Same effect.
The carpenter oS the Intrepid, who
was asked but one qvestion. viz If' he
could justify the defects of the ship, as
he had given them in ? to which answering
positively, the court.difcharged
him. Then the gunner of the
Ramillies being examined as to powder
expended that day, answered,
2o barrels, and 300 double-headed
shot, He was much confused, and
said, the Intrepid was in their way,
and thev could not beat down ; and
was then told, that he could not well
judge of that, heing quartered on the
lower gun deck. The carpenter faid,
he could give no account, being at his
duty in the wings. The boatfwain
faid, he was minding his rigging, and
in his duty, but could give no account
of this matter.
Saturday 8. Capt. Young finish'd his
examination; and then Capt. Faulk
ner, and the first lieut, of the Intrepid,
and Capt. Cornwall of the Revenge,
were examined.
Monday 1o. Capt Cornwall's cross
examination was finished about noon,
luthe course of bis examination he
Said, that he went to his windows ahaft
to take a view of the fleet when in
line of battle ; that he was greatly surprised
to see the admiral and his division
at so great a distance, as he was
npen the weather quarter ; that seeing
the Intrepid in distress, and no signal
given for removing her out of the line,
he went to her assistance ; and after
getting her our of the line, Sell into her
station, engaged the Foudroyant, the
French admiral, as the ship he imagined
Sell t^ his lot according to the then
heeof battle ; Said, he knew os no im-
^-dimenttO prevent the admiral's engaging
at a proper distance, anymore
than the rest oS the sleet ; observed,
that he was up^ oath to fwear the
^'hole truth, and would do so, tho' he
new Somc things he was going to Say
^uld affect himself, He gave his tes-
timony with great clearnefs, which in
Some points affected the admiral much.
The admiral, after ashing tire captain
Some questions, which Seemed to impeach
him (the captain) oS breaking.
the line, &c. obServed to the court,
that his reputation, which was dearer
to him than life, nay, his life alio,
were in the power of the court martial,
and in better hands he desired
them not ; but faid, he believed be
should prove, that the Revenge, by
breaking the line, was a great impediment
in his way and that if he could,
not prove that, or Something like it;
" the Lerel helve merry upon me".
His lieutenant, Mr. Boyle, was then
called, who did not attempt so give a
narrative of the whole action, his situation,
he said, not enabling nim so
to do.
Capt, Durell, of the Trident, being
Sworn, depoSed much the Same as
Capt. Cornwall, did not accuse the
admiral of,any unnecessary delay to
Mimorca ; was ofopinion, that the admiral
and his division did not Set all
their Sail to join the van oS the British
fleet ; but could not Say the admiral
had not any impediment to prevent it,
TueSday 1 1. Capt- Gardiner oS the
Ramillies was under examination and
croSs-examination all day. He could
not Say all their fails were Set, or that
the rear division could not come up
to a close engagement, as well as the
van ; but said, that he advised the admiral
to bear down, that the admiral
objected thereto, lest an accident of a
similar nature with that oSadm. Matthews
in the Same Seas, should be the
confequence. Capt. Gardiner had nothing
to fay against tbe admiral's personal
behaviour
Wedn. 1 2. Capt. Gardiner was again
examined, and made it appear,
that the admiral took the whole command
of the ship from him, and nothing
done that day but what he ordered.
Several of the admiral's lientenants
were examined, to little purpofc
; as was the master, who by Saying

^ry M A C A ^ 1 N E of M AGA^lNES
ing and unsaying, is Said to have derirmented
the admiral, instead of doing
him any real Service.
Lord Robert Bertie being Sworn,
faid he waa stationed upon the quarter
deck, with the admiral ; was of opinion
that the too officers and recruits
designed to have bern landed at Minorca,
could not have Saved Fort St,
Philip, but were os greater Service on
board the fleet ; that he was on the
quarter deck with the admiral in the
engagement, and informing the admiral,
that he discovered one of our own
ships thro' the lraoke, upon the leebow
of the Ramillies, and which ship
he was apprehensive the Ramillies
would fire into without feeing her, was
detached by the admiral between decks
to Sop firing; that the admiral expressed
impatience to engage the enemy,
and discovered no signs of Sear or
confusion whatlocrer, and that they
were So near the enemy as to be bulled
by them, and that many of theenerny's
shot passed over them, and
that be never heard by any of the of^
fleers or men on board, any murmur^
ing whatfoevet, upon a Supposition
that the admiral had not done his
dry.
Col. Smith, who was also upon the
quarter deck with the admiral, confirmed
the above, in every particular,
with this additional circumstance, that
a shot from the enemy passed hetween
him and Lord Robert Bertie, as they
were abaft the mainmast, which took
off the head os a timber upon deck,
and went thro' the hammocks in the
main shrouds ; and that the admiral
shewed no signs of feat, but quite the
reverse.
Captain Edgar, who was quartered
upon the poop. confirmed Such of the
above circumstances as came immediately
under his own observation, but
was not alked any questions relative
to the personal behaviour of the admiral,
his situation not giving him
an opportunity of answering to the
fame '
Col. Cornwallis, being Sworn, laid,
that being on board tl^e Kingston, he
could give no accounttof the action,
but was willing to anfwer any questions
the court or Mr. Byng should propose;
but none wete asked.
Capt. Gough, first lieutenant of the
Ramillies, being fworn, said, that at
the time os the signal being made for
engaging, the fleet appeared in a close
and regular line ; that two ships,
which he helieved to be the Trident
and Louisa, were under their lee-tow ;
but could not lay at what distance the
Ramillies was from the enemy at the
time of the signal sot engaging, being
mostly at his quarters, but believed
when they began toengage, they
were nearly at point-blank with the
enemy.
Capt Basset, second lieutenant, being
quartered upon the lower deck,
could not anS'Wer to the distance, nor
how long they continued fining ; said
that several of the enemy's shot struck
the sides of the Ramillies, and one la
particular cut one of the hinges of the
ports dole to him, but did not asterwards
go thro' her sides, but must have
so done il it had been properly load'
ed : that as the enemy's shot reached
the Ramillies, he doubted not but her
shot reached them.
Capt. Watbey, third lieutenant of
the Ramillies, quartered upon the
middle deck, Said that the Ramillies
was bearing down when tbe signal was
made ; that be was ordered to doubleshot
the guns, for the admiral did not
intend to fire till be came close up wish
the enemy : he confirmed the above
testimony of a ship or ships being on
their lee-bow, and agreed there was s
commanding breeze, and that if 211
their sails had bern set, they should
have heen closet to the enemy ,
said he believed they were within hall
a mile of the enemy.
Mr. Clerk, fourth lieutenant, wss
called, but not being on board.
Mr. Waterfall, filth lieutenant was
examined, who said he was quartered
on the lower deck, knew not the de
stance from the enemy, but apPt^
bended

J A N U A F
hended they were within proper distance
for engaging ; that he received
orders by Ld. Rob. Bertie to leave off
firing, 'on account of the ship upon the
lee-bow^
Lieut Hamilton, sixth lieutenant of
the Bamillies, who was quartered on
the upper gun deck, by the mainmast
Sorward, confirmed the preceding
testimony chiefly, and said when the
Ramillies began to bear down, she
might be about 2 miles distance, and
was at about the distance of half a
mile when they began to fire ; that thro'
the fmoke he discovered the Trident's
red stern, and part of her blue colours,
that she was then upon her lee bow very
near.
Thurlday 13, Lieut, Clark was examined,
and the master gunner, boatlwain,
and carpenter of the Ramillies,
whole evidence was very savourable
to the admiral, particularly
the master's, who Swore that he
could not have steered clear of the
Trident, and not the topsails been
backed.
Friday r4, Several midshipmen and
the surgeon of the Ramillies were exaamined
: about one o'clock Capt.
W ard was examined ; who Swore
the admiral was retarded by backing
his topSails near or quiie half
an hour, and that if they had set
more sail at first, they should certainly
have got down close to the
enemy.
Saturday 15. Capt, Ward's lieutenant
was examined, and yesterday afternoon
Capt. Perry was examined
W hole evidence was near the same with
the other captains, viz. that he thought
the admiral might have carried his topgallant
Sails that day,
The evidence was then finished, and
on the Monday following the admiral
gave in his defence, as follows,
" Gentlemen,
^ a 'HE articles of the charge ex-
.a. bibited against me, are o f such
2 nature, that every thing which can
be supposed intorclaing to a man, ia
41
concerned in the event of this causae.
My character, my property, and even
my life are at stake ; and 1 should, indeed,
have great reason to be alarmed,
were not I conscious of my innocence.
and sully perfwaded os the justice and
equity os the court."
•• It is no new thing. gentlemen,
to he accused: court martials have, of
late, heen very frequent. 1 have been
a long time under the disagreeable situation
ol a confined prisoner, of a
man acculed, and consequently condemned
by many. No means, no artifice
has been omitted by my enemies.
to injure my reputation. However,
l will not take up your time with a detail
of theie matters, but beg leave to
observe, that the nature of a sea service
is so complicated, depending on
so many circumstances, and subject
to such variety of accidents, that for
a commander, even of the greatest
capacity, to provide against all contingencies,
is impossible. But to fit
upon a soft chair and censure ; and,
after the event of an action, to point
out how, and by what means it might
have succeeded better, is extremely
ealy. This Sort of fcience requires no
other abilities, than a great deal of
ill-nature, and little wit. Even those
actions which have bern attended with
the greatest success, and reflected the
greatest glory on this nation, have not
escaped the venom of theSe malicious
critics; and, perhaps, there never was
an action so compleat, but it might
have been better conducted, were
it possible to have foreseen all circumstances
attending it, lint l confide
in the candour and the equity of this
court, that my enemies wili be disappointed"

4 2 ^ M A G A ^ 1 N la ^ M A G A ^ 1 N E ^
ry ; I shall therefore trouble the
c^'Urt with nothing further on that
head."
'• Asto the other articles exhibited
against me, l hope to make my Innocence
appear, by a concise relation of
my Conduct"
•' Ota the i 7th of May I was joined
by his majesty's ship the Pheenix,
off Majorca, and go: off Mahon the
i 9th. The Phoenix confirmed the intelligence
I received before at Gibraltar,
of the strength of the French
fleet, and of their being at Mahon.
The British colours were trill flying at
the castle of .St. Philip's, and several
bomb batteries playing upon it from
different parts : On the west part of
St. Philip's we save French colours flying
I dispatched the Phomix, ChefterSield,
and Dolphin a-head to reconnoitre
the harbour's mouth, and Capt.
Harvey to endeavour to land a letter
for Gen. Blakeney, to acquaint him
the fleet was there to his Assistance,
though every one thought we could he
of no Service to him, as by all accounts,
could we have Spared any
people, no place was Secured for covering
a landing. The Phoenix was
also to make the private signal between
Capr. Harvey and Capt. Scroope; but
the enemy's fleet appearing to the
south east, and the wind coming off
the land, l was obliged to call thofe
ships in, before they could get so near
the harbour as.to discover what batteries
or guns might he placed to prevent
our having any communication with
the castle. Falling little wind, it was
five hesore I could form my line, or
distinguish any oS the enemy's motions,
and was nnable to judge oS their
force more than by their numbers,
which were seventeen, and thirteen
appeared large."
•' At sirst they stand towards ars in
a regular line, and tacked about seven,
in order, as I thought, to endeavour
to gain the wind of us in the night;
So that, being late, I tacked, in order
to keep the weather-gage of them,
and also to make fore of the landwind.'^
" After getting round the Small
island, called the Laire of Mahon, at
ten in the morning I was within a
league of the port ; but on feeing the
enemy's fleet, 1 thought it more immediately
my duty to bear away at
eleven, to meet them. This obliged
me to recal, with reaSon, the three
Srigates which 1 had Sent a-head os the
fleet, to reconnoitre the harbour's
month, to land a letter Sor General
Blakeney, to acquaint him the fleet
was arrived to his assistance, and to
know in what manner it could he of
the most effectual Service."
'• This behaviour will, l hope, appear
to the Court to be Suggested by
prudence, all that could have been attempted
in the Space oS an hour, and
the most advantageous step which
could have been taken on that occasion.
It proves that l did not depend
on the hearsay Evidence which I had
received, even Srom the best authorities
at Gibraltar, nor on the united opinion
oS every officer at that place ;
but that I was determined to be certified
oS the trne state oS the harbour
and citadel Srom general Blakeney himfelf,
as I knew that Capt. Sctope,
who, together with all the Soldier sand
marines of Mr. Edgecomb's shipr, and
one hundred seamen, had been left
to reinforce the garrison, would come
ost in bis barge, and bring me a just
relation of every circumstance necessary
to be known ; and tho' 1 mentioned
in my letter oS the 2^th of
May, " That it was the opinion of
all the Sea and land officers, that they
could render no Service to the garrison,
as no place was covered Sor the
landing of any men, could they have
Spared any ;" in this I only gave my
opinion agreeable to tbat of all the cither
officers. Their opinion had no
influence upon my conduct, and was
only meant to signify what might have
been the event, supposing the frcnch
fleet had nor appeared at that time
" So far then I hope it will appear
to the Court, that neither knowledge
of my profession, prudence in con^
ducting

J A N U
ducting the expedition, or duty to my
King and Country, appear to be deficient
in me."
« My letter to general Blalteney,
sent by Mr. Harvey, tho' never delivered,
for reafons immediately to Sollow,
will, I think, evince this truth."
" My first care, after coming in
sight of the port, was to know the
true state of the harbour and garrison,
to encourage the General and soldiers,
by acquainting him that l was arrived
to his succour, and desiring to know
hoc.' it might most effectually be put in
execution"
" Thus then l hope all things will
appear to the Court, to be well conducted
to the time of the French fleet's
appearing in view ; when, on feeing
the enemy, considerationa of another
nature took place, and it became necessary
to defer the execution of all resolutions
which l had taken since I
saw Mahon, and to recal the men of
war which I had dispatched to reconnoitre
the harbour, and procure intelligence
from General Blakeney. Ic
was now co no purpose to know the
state ol the citadel and harbour, before
l had engaged the French fleet ; I had
no Soldiers to land, but what made
Part of the compliment of my shipr,
2nd ferved as marines ; and if I had
i -en provided with them, ic would
have been absolutely imprudent to
Jiave landed them before the engagement
with tire enemy, and thereby
render that force Iefs, which was already
too little for the intent it ought
to have been sent upon. Landing the
troops would have rendered the fleet
unlit for action, and obliged it to flee
before the enemy. Had I behaved in
that manner, Such a preposterous act
could not have Sailed rendering me
justly delinquent, and unequal to the
command I presided in.''
" I was very Sensible that iS Succels
the consequence of engaging the
1 rench, that l should have it more in
lay power to relieve the citadel, as
sar as landing the troops, whicb ferved
marines, could effect it, But l
A F Y. sr^s ^
sufpected also, and with reason, that
l might probably be rendered unable
to keep the 'Seas (tho' I obtained t^e
victory) and therefore prey ented from
effectually Succouring the citadel."
" So far all, 1 hope, will appear
to the Court to ha'e been cor. ducted
with knowledge and prudence."
" Am I deserving of blame, for not
Seeking the enemy in the disabled condition
l was in aSter the engagement
?'*
« To what purpose would this Second
engagement have been attempted,
with a fleet originally So greatly
inSerior to the French, and now rendered
much more So by the damages
received in the late battle ? A total defeat,
in all probability, is the anfwer
ofteafon ; and ifM. La Galisfonniette
had fought it, which providentially he
did not, it is a reasonable presumption
that the whole English fquadron would
have perished, or fallen a prey to the
French ; since there was no port to
shelter them. W hereas, had l been
in the Mediterranean before the arrival
of the French at Minorca, a defeat
on my side even might have Saved the
island : l could have then Saved m y
shattered remains in Mahon, and the.'
Conquered at sea, by means of the sailors
and soldiers, have preserved St.
Philip's, and probably the island.
Thus a deleat ol our fleet, had it been
timely sent out, vrtusd have done mote
service than a victory after Sr philips
was invested."
'* It has heen the fettled rule ol all
generals, that no commander should
ever risque an engagement, but when
there is greater expectations to gain by
a victory, than to lose by a defeat,"
" When then, from the inferiority
of the English, nothing could be
reasonably expected but misfortue
and disgrace; or, if by the greatest
efforts of good fortune, victory should
declare sor our fleet, that no advantage
could be drawn from it; when
the risque ol losing the whole fleet
was the result of an unanimous council
of war ; and tbe nation, consider-
F ing

d.^. ^ M a G A 2 f ^ 2 of M A G A ^ 1 N E ^
ing the real state of the English and
French navies, fo little able to sustain
a loSs of that kind ; when Gibraltar
•would have been left defenceleSs, and
fallen of course to the enemy ; could
the Seeking the French admiral, by' a
coiirmander.who foresaw thefe probable
consequences, with not only an inferior,
but a shattered fleet, and no other
ships in the Mediterranean to reinforce
him, have been justified in the
judgement of men who have studied
the nature of military atchievemcnts ,
or according to the rules and observations
of ancient and modern writers on
this head ?"
" The utmost advantage could
have been but a prolongation of the
siege, without the least probability of
railing it ; because the fleet, unable to
keep the seas, mutt haye retreated to
Gibraltar, the port of Mahon being
still commanded by the enemies batteries.''
" Are commanders then, at all events
to show no other token of generalship,
but yyhat is to be learned
from brutes? An excess of courage
only ? Anes are all who use the superior
attributes of the human understanding,
to be considered as delinquents in
their duty to theit Ring and Country ?
What commander of common ^ense
will serve his Country tinder such discouraging
condir ons ; where, unless
he fights against all kinds of disadvantage,
he is to be stigmatised with the
eternal infamy of cowardice ; and if
he doas engage his enemy, and does
not succeed against this great superiority
of force, he is to be deemed a
coward also, and given up to the
rage of the multitude ? It appeared
impracticable to relleye Mahon, and
probable that Gibraltar would be
attacked ; and therefore the determination
of proceeding thither, was become
the most prudent decision which
could have been made, the most likely
to conduce to the nation's fervice,
and a just resolution of the council of
" It is a matter of consequence to
consider, that tho' two fleets may be
of equal number, they may yet be of
unequal force, as it has happened in
this instance : and a sickly squadron,
without means of providing for the
difeafed and wounded, or recruiting
their feamen and soldiers, of which,
more than a thoufand sick, which, at
their return to Gibraltar, were lent
Co che hospital, was. a consideration
chac ought greatly to influence at
that moment, efpecially when it was
evident beyond all contradiction, that
the enemy possessed every advantage
which 1 was in want of, having a
power of procuring recruits of teamen
from the two hundred transports,
and soldiers from the canrp of the
besiegers."
" The Court, pursuant to an order
from the Lords Commissioners of the
Admiralty, to Vice-admiral Smith,
dated December 141756, proceeded
to enquire into the conduct of the
laon. John Byng, admiral of the blue
squadron of .his Majesty's fleet, and to
try him upon a charge, that during
the engagement between his Majesty a
fleet under his command, and the fleet
of the French king, on the zoth of
May fast, he did withdraw, or keep
back, and did not do his utmost to
take, seize, and destroy the ships os
the French king, which it was his duty
to have engaged, and to assist such
of his Majesty's ships as were engaged
in fight with the French ships, which
it was his duty to have assisted ; and
sor that he did not do his utmost to relieve
St. Philip's castle, in his Majesty's
island of Minorca, then besieged
by the forces of the French king, but
acted contrary to, and in breach of his
Majesty's command : and having heard
the evidence, and the prisoner's defence,
and very maturely and thoroughly
considered the Same, they are
unanimoufly of opinion, that he did
not do his utmost to relieve St. Philip's
castle, and also, chac during the engagement
between his Majesty's fleet
under

^t' ^ A N U A F Y, 17^. ^
under his command, and the fleet ol " We the underwritten, the prefithe
l^ench king on the 2oth ol May dent and members of the Court-mar-
Iait, he did not do his utmost to take, tiaI, assembled for the trial of admiral
leiae, and destroy, the ships ol the Byng, believe it unnecessary to inform
French king, which it was his duty to your Lordships, that in the whole
have engaged, and to assist Such ol course of this long trial, we have done
his Majesty's ships as were engaged in our utmost endeavours to come at
fight with the French ships, which it truth, and to do the strictest justice
was his duty to have assisted ; and do to our country and the prisoner ; but
therefore unanimously agree, that he w*e cannot help laying the distresses of
sails under part of the 12th article of our minds before your Lordships on
an act of parliament of the 2 2d year this occasion, in finding ourselves unof
his prefent Majesty, for amending, der a necessity of condemning a man
explaining, and reducing into one act to death, from the great severity of
of parliament, the laws relating to the the i 2th article of war, part of which
government of his Majesty's ships, he falls under, and which admits of
vessels, and forces by sea ; and as that no mitigation, even if it should be
article positively prescribes death, committed by an error in judgment
without any alternative left to the only , and therefore for our ovvta eondiscretion
of the Court, under any sciences lakes, as well as in justice to
variation of circumstances, the Court the prisoner, we pray your Lordships,
do therefore hereby unanimously ad- in the most earnest mar.net, to recoinjudge
the said admiral John Byng mend him to his Majesty's clemency.
to be shoe co death, at Such time, We are, My Lords, ^tc. &c.
tied on board Such ship, as the Lords St. George, in Portsmouth
Commissioners oS the Admiralty shall Harbour, sen. 27, i757.
direct." Twelfth Article ofWar, i 3 of Charles II.
" But as it appears by the evi- " Every captain, and all other old-nee
of Lord Robert Bertie, lieut. ficers, mariners and soldiers of every
col Smith, capt. Gardiner, and oth r ship, frigate or vessel of war, that shall
officer^ of the ship, who were near in time of any fight, or engagement,
the person of the admiral, that they withdraw, or keep back, or not come
did not perceive any backwardness in into the fight and engage, and do his
him during the action, or any marks utmost to rake. fire, kill, and endaos
scat, or consufion, either from his mage the enemy, pirate, or rebels, and
countenance, or behaviour, but that aflift and relieve all and every of his
he Seemed to give his orders cooly and Majesty's ships, shall, for such offence
thainctly, and did not seem wanting of cowardice or disaffection, be tried,
in personal courage, and from other and suffer pains of death, or other puctrcumstances,
the Court do not be- nlshments, as the circumstances eS the ofe^e
that his misconduct arofe ei- fence shall discrve, and the Court-mar tin!
Srom cowardice, or disaffection, shal/ judge fit"
•nd do therefore unanimously think Twelfth Article of War, 22 of George II.
tt their duty, most earnestly to re- " Every person in the fleet, who
^mtnend him as a proper object of through cowardice, negligence, or diSra^scy."
affection, shall in time os action, with-
. 1 he above Sentence was attended draw or keep back, or not come into
• th^ Sollowing earnest reprefenta- the fight or engagement, or shall not
do his utmost to take or destroy ees.
. very ship which it shall' be his duty
^ the Right the ^rds CommrSion- to engage, and to assist, and relieve
ers for executing the Oshce of Lord all and every of his Majesty's ships.
t^gh Admiral of Great-Britain, or those os^ his allies, which it shall
be

4 ^ ^ M A G A 2 1 N E of M A G A 2 1 N E ^
be his duty to assist and relieve, e-
Very such person So offending, and
being convicted thereof by the sentence
of a Court-martial, shall Suffer
DEATH."
To the Proprietors of the Magazine of
Magazines.
GENTLEMEN,
Ar you have, in all the Numbers of your
Afasta^ine, endeaavorrrcd lo hlendPleasure
with instruction, we htpe the following
Observations on the CauSe
oS Smut in Wheat, and on Several
other uSeful Particulars relating to
that useful Species of Grain, taken
seom Ale. Lille 's Hnsoandey, just
published will stud a Place in your
Monthly Collection ; which will oblige
many of your Subscriber,- in the Coue-
Sry. aned particularly,
s our constant Readers, A- B. C. D.
Looked into Mr. Wilson's Smutty
P and blighted wheat, in order to
discover what might be the cause
of fmut and blight, The smutty
ears are perfect in the chests, and
almost fo in the fulness of the grain,
even so far that the chests of many
ears did strut ; fo that the fmut
must fall on the grain late, and
when it is towards a fulness, for it
cannot grow after it has taken ftnut.
I could very rarely find a fmutty ear,
but all its tillows were fo too ; so
that from thence I suppofe the fmut
arises from the root, and not from
any poison in the air, which would
nor distinguish between the tap root
and the tilloW. I also observed in
the fibres of the roots of the fmutty
wheat a general brictleness, and
the earth more Starky and dry about
them ; and I perceived, for the most
part, a stream or streak of brown
stain, the breadth of a pin, in the
first joint above the rooL So that
I am apt to helieve that fmut arises
from a total defect os sap at the
root, and a blight from a partial
Cine, when some or' the fibres may
still live; so the grain, being feebly
supported, does only shrink or y
ther. As for the early front that
falls on the eat, even before it is
out of its hofe, wherein the covering
or chaff is also fmu-ry, and all
in a li^ht powder, this fort of fmut
seems to arise from the same cauSe
as the former ; only the ear having
not as then obtained a firmness, its
rottenness becomes more hollow and
powdery, and os less consistency than
the ftautry cars that have obtained
a firmness. On the whole theresure
I am still of opinion that both the
ustilago and lmut proceed from 1
defect in the root.
Some farmers were laying, that
dunged land, a- has been always observed,
was more subject to fmutty
wheat than folded land. If so, fle
reason must he, because the dling
hollowed the ground, and therefore
the longer the dung, the greater sir:
danger.
I have also observed that fmntt^
dust on seed wheat may prodttire
fnautty wheat ; and no wonder, he^
ing the feed, immediately after Sows,
fwells and imbibes the lmttt with rhmoisture,
and the nib or cbiifum tei
the seed is corrupted and poisoned
thereby. The nib of the feed is rt^
one Sourth part So big as a p.at
head. Seed blacked with t' stil^
docs not hurt like fmut, because she
hot burning quality of the* ustil-^
is washed out of it by the rain, ater
purified from it bv the ait, to both
which it is exposed.
I sowed new wheat, but, observing
much of it to he withered aal
blighted, I shewed it to some of c^
farmers, and they, but particular^
farmer Biggs, faid it was never eltworSe
for that, and it would gtt^
as well as if it were otherwise, ^
bid me put Some into the grotto
to try whether his words were cr^
or not.—I asked Thomas Flt^
about it, and he faid, if it were ^
blighted and withered to a fine, ^
only so as to have very little

^r J A N U A F Y,
be also thought i: would grow but.. .is they did not oblerve to sow the
then, said he, l have known it to white Lammas wheat earliest, because
die afterwards. I asked him how he of its being last •ipe ; he replied, be
knew it was for that cause it died ; found no ^difference in that, but that
he replied, hecause he had in such it was ripe as Soon as the other to
cale lcratched up the root, and sound the full.
there was not flour or milk sushci- The original of brining and liming
cnt to maintain the blade till it could feed-wheat Seems to be purely an En-
lake rcot.
glish practice. Sharrock Says, brin-
I met sarmer White and farmer ing and liming wheat may deSend it
Bachalour ol Litchfield in the mar- against grubs, infects, and worms,
ket ; l told larracr White how* thin and Sortiry the grain ; but he can-
his Seed wheat proved that he had not think it any Security against
Seat me, and that it was exceed- blights, &c.
ingly blighted ; and that 1 was fa- 1 had wheat brined and limed for
tithed, let the farmers pretend what fowing, but, much rain coming, and
they will, that blighted wheat, if the ground being wet, l could not
Sowed late in the year, though it Sow it Sor a Sortnight. At a Sort-
might come to a blade, yet the flour night's end l had Several people with
or milk that ought to maintain it me about measuring harvest work ;
v ould he Spent beSore it conld loot So asked their opinion, whether Such
more, and then, iS Srosts came, it wheat would grow or not ; one Said,
v. cruld be in danger oS dying— he had known wheat that had nor
They agreed with me, that in caSe been brined and limed above a week,
it was lase Sowed, it was thcir opi- .and a great deal of it did not grow.
nion also, but it would do well iS Another, it deprnded on the high
lowed early ; but Said Sarmer lake, degree to which it was limed, Sor,
hour aSter when I was Speaking to it was so highly limed that it shrunk
him about it, let it be Sowed early and shriveled, it would not grow ;
or late, give me a Sull-bodied wheat but, in cafe the kind locked plump
Many Satmers. and indeed all l and Smooth, there was no danger.
have talked with on tbe subject, a- A third was of opinion, that there
gree that musty wheat, though not was great difference in the manner
grown out, will nor grow.—'l Sup- of bnning it, for, if the wheat had
ple it is, becauSe the Seminal part been steeped in brine, it would be
is malted, though it docs not out- much apter to burn by lying in lime,
wardly shew itself, as it docs when than it would have been only Sprink-
is grown out.
led with brine in the morning it
Parmer Biggs Says, he always Sows was limed.——Note, this brined
tae Blueberry wheat, that is, the wheat was not sowed till November
tath-ripe wheat.—The mealmen the 7th, which was sea en weeks af-
de not like the white Lammas wheat; ter it was limed, and yet it grew
shey say it does not cast So fine a and came up so thick, that it leem-
^ir homas Elton also Says, they ed to have received no prejudice.
Irs om Sow the whim Lammas wheat ;
2nd bath he and Sarmer Biggs Say, the
^'almen know it Srom the other
^er than chey do who Sow it,—
l homas Elton fays, he has been at
It wt as universally observed, ^^ this last
winter, that the wheat that wat killed
by the winter oS 1-o8, was not
killed by the frosts, though they were
very intense, but by the winds,
Reading with it, and could not have which drove the frosty particles in
o much by twelve shillings in a load Snch a manner, as to penetrate int^
^sot the Blueberty wheat, though the roots of the corn ; this may bo
^ tha lame good n^sa, l ashed hiui, supposed to he effected with their angles^

^ M A G A 2 1 N E ofMAGA21NE^
gles, which lanced the fibres and
cut them to pieces, like as fire, by
its subtile corpuscles in its rapid motion,
may he supposed to penetrate
and divide bodies. • -It was plain
the wheat on our hills, in Hampshire
and our high grounds, was cannonaded
; for the driven fnow, as it was
carried to the hedges by the wind,
battered the wheat and cut off the
blade, and the yvounds it made opened
portals for the fierceness of
the weather to enter the roots.
Wherever the wheat lay out of, or
sheltered from, the wind, in those
places it was saved ; and the furrows
of the ground where> by lying
wet (and this was a wet winter) the
wheat is always worst> were, if' the
ridges croffed the wind, the hest,
becauSe the ridges sheltered the furrows
; but if the ridges and furrows
lav parallel to the north, or northeasterly
wind, then the wheat in the
furrows was also destroyed ; but
wheat lying under the shelter of
hedges was Saved. From the fad
experience of this year, we may, in
our bill countries, conclude it to he
good hushandry: to have a Special
regard, in the sowing of wheat lands
that lie exposed to the north or
easterly winds (for it cannot be supposed
any danger can come from the
south orweSt quarter) first, to sow under
furrow, or, at least, a cast cover
and a cast under, that thereby
the wheat may lie the deeper, both
from the penetrating power of the
winds, and from their power of
uncovering the earth, and laying
the roots of the corn naked. Secondly,
To leave ottr grounds a little
sough and not harrow them too fine
it being observed that the wheat Saved
itSelf much hetter, when the
knobby clods sheltered it. Thirdly,
To have a regard, where grounds lie
bleakly exposed to thole winds, not
to cut down the high hedges, which
may be a fence to it before February
The aothof November, syo^, I
obServed the wheat on the ground, and
that the first or capital branch consisted
of an upright Spire between
two leaves falling on the ground ;
but the issues or tillows, be they ever
So many, had but one leaf on
one side of the spire, by which the
iffues were to be discerned from the
main branch ; and in both good and
poor wheat the difference was the
same.—— l know not, therefore,
what the Latins meant when they
Said, Wheat must not be raked till
it has Sour leaves, nor barley till it
has sive.-The Same day 1 obServed
the tillows oS rve-graSs. and found,
that both the capital germen and
the tillows do consist oS but one Spite
issuing from the middle of two grab
leaves, and, therefore, different from
that of wheat,
It was the 23d and 24th of June,
1703, when l made the following
observation, with regard to the eats
of wheat: In one field there were,
for two acres together, generally in
an ear ten chests on a side ; about
four of the middle chests on each Side
contained five grains, viz. two on each
side the middle grain ; but the upper
and lowermost chests fell off gradually
to four, three, and two grains
in a chest. I went into another
field, and could not find above eight
or nine chests in any ear there, nor,
in any of the middle chests, above three
grains, viz. one on each fide the upright
middle one ; and fo, again, the
uppermost and lowermost chests Sell
away gradually into two and but
grain in a chest ; yet this land lod
been well dunged. In another field,
it was manifest, that part that vn
dunged carried not So long an eat'
nor So many grains in a chest, si
that part of it which was folded
and sowed on each earth ; but ehete
were many oS ehe ears oS ehe s^
ded wheat, that held out the tea
chests, and had five grains on eata
Side oS the two middle chests ; ^
how theSc eata might prove, I ke^

J A N U A F Y. 4^
not.very little ol the wheat been blown ing shaded Srom the Sun ; lor, by tho
I also observed the partitions oS the length of the reed, the many chesta.
chests to open, in order to let out and by my own knowledge of tho
the blossoms ; which when shot out, ground, rit was very strong ; but.
they doled again, and the blossoms doubtless, those grains must run very
hung dangling on the outside bv a thin at harvest.
hair as fine as a cobweb: Till I July 6, 1703, I viewed afield of
made th'is discovery of the chesta o- wheat 1 the blossom being quite ripening,
I ufed to wonder how so ver, I plucked some of the chests,
fine a thread could thrust out the and found, tho' provision had berta.
blossom. —Then, in another field, made for three or four grains in a
l obServed the limed wheat to he chest, yet, in many of them^ there wera
of a most vivid fcarlet in the colour not likely to he above two or threo
oS its blossom, more lively than the grains ^ and I found, in those failflower
of tbat in the first-mention- ing grains, their blossoms pent up
ed field, which was of a mote dnf- and withered, the grains not having
ky Scarlet ^ yet it exceeded the flow- strength to emit ;— .and, in thole
er ol my other pieces ol wheat, which ears that had the withered grains, I
generally did not come up to the co- found the utmost grains in the chest
lour of that, having a more wan and on each fide to he hest maintained.
sickly Scarlet-coloured blossom.-.^— I nature having deserted the others,
alio pulled up several roots of wheat, not being able to maintain them.
some of which had ten tillows ; for Whereas I had observed, in the
J washed their roots, and found them flowering ol the wheat, that, the
all joined in one ears heing large and the chests broad.
Now, if fomc roots of wheat have there were, in the middle chest of
ten tillows, others but tw*o or three. the ear, five grains that had flower-
——- If some ears of wheat have ten ed, which I apprehended to be tho
chests on a side, others but fix or full complement in the middle chest
Seven; —and Some ears have five of an ear ; examining thefe ears and
grains in the ^st chest, others but chests, about a fortnight or tbreo
three and two 1 l leave it to he weeks aSter, I could, in none ol tho
considered what encouragement there middle chests, find above three graina
is to sow little iand and good.—— olwheat, in many but two.^— Ilyots
The ten chested eats, at sour mid- ask; Where was the advantage of
die chests each fide, with five grains these ears producing so many cells.
apiece, makc furry grams ; the i 2 when but two or three grains or cello
other chests, at three grains in a in a chest came to maturity ? I an-
'^hest, make 36.^—The weak wheat Swer, The advantage was very greats
has but 26 grains in an ear, and fix Sot, in the first place, they are a
tillows less; and its two tillows must sign oS the Sruirsulnesa of the root;
aiso hold but in proportion to the and, if two cells do decay, the other
top ears. three will he tbe better maintained.
I went under a hedge, where the and have the fuller grain. 2dly,
^heat was almost as high as my Where, in the wheat-flowcting time,
head in the head-land. the reeds there are the more cells in a chest
^ery strong, the chests ten or eleven that blossom, they can the herter
on a Sidc ; vet I observed the blof- maintain the loss by all accidents tbat
sams to be generally pale and sickly, may happen ; for instance, if one or
of the colour of ashes on a dying two gtains in a chest fail at flowered,
and l Seldom found above three ing-time, by a fly-blow (it being of-
^'ains in a middle chest : These de- ten the case's there are bloffomS e-
^ I impute to the head-land be- nough in the chest to make good that
^ios.. Kill. G lola

^ M AC A 2 1 N 2 of M A C A 2 1 N E ^
Joss, by maintaining three good
grains in a chest; yah areas, iu ears
that ate weak, and produce but
t-wo or three blossoms in a chest. if
thole blossoms should be blown, all
must miscarry —l was apt to think,
ho'vever, that, ol the five blossoms
produced in a chest, there could
not butt three prove good, nature
nor being able to maintain mora ;
end this 1 concluded, because it could
do no more by my wheat, which grew
in general on exceeding good ground ;
and the chests were so constructed, that
ic Saerhed. to rue there could be room
for no more grains in a chest. But,
on oo ruing from Isley to Oxford, l
observed some miglity rich land chat
had large-eared wheat, many ol the
ears containing twelve chesta ol a
sides ; l am now, therefore, convinced
nature is not confined, as above
hinted, to five blossoms in a chest ;
for, in the middle chest ol these ears,
there bad been six il not seven blolsort's,
the two middlemost os which
nature Was not able to maintain, and
so they withered ; but I told in those
chests fiV^ complete grains full kerned.
isi viewing my wheat, when it yyas
aear full kerned, I observed some
withered eats, which, in all their
chests, looked dead; the grain was
shrutsk and withered, though, in other
respects, gond, sot it had a
Sound hour, but the straw was dead
to toe root, a.ad that drew up easily
tho fibres seeming dead and drv ;
so to at this is a farther and another
sort of defect in wheat than either
Smutr or blight, viz. by worms, or
burnt,
la the Proprietors of the MAoay^E
oj MAOAZ1NES.
(Gentlemen,
As worms are well known to be the C-ruse
of various, andosetn terrible Disorders,
- especially amo.ig Cbo^leeu ; I have fort
you the follewing Essay Oit the Nature
at' these i; sonnae which insese the hie man
Bo the Symptoms by which they are
discovered, erne/ the elldnuer of Def/reying
those noxious Animals ; and hope
itsS se^ulriess will procure it a Phice in
your Mage^irie. which will oh/ige
d our- constiiut Reader and Well- wither.
A. K.
i^!ORMS are living animals, os va-
1 v rioua structures, forms, and
bulks, which are formed in the intestines,
from the seeds of some insecta
taken with the aliments . These anima
Is are nourished and enlarged by a
certain putrid ^uice, and greatly weaken
and injure the body, and its several
functions.
Though persons at no period ol life
are absolutely free from worms, yet
they are most ineident to infants, and
children between the time of their being
weaned and the fourteenth year of
their age.
Wie rind from experience, that, in
the human body, there are various
Species of worms, which, by the ancient,
as well as modern physicians, are
divided into three kinds t The first are
round, Smooth, and hardly a lpan in
length, by which marks they are distinguished
from other worms. These
have their principal seat in the intestines,
thence proceeding, sometimes
to the stomach, and even as far as the
moutli, by which means they are osten
vomited up. These are generally
the worms, which, according to Hildanus,
are principally formed in children,
and are sometimes sound conglomerated
in a lar^eball, and securely
lodged in the ilium, whose membeanes
they often corrode, so as to
penetrate into the cavity of the abdomen.
T he second Species are those, which,
on account of their broad figure like a
bandage, are called long worms, or
tienhe. They are so long as, generally,
to excced two, and Sometimes ten,
feet in length. Plauterua observed
them, in adults, forty seet long TheSe
generally possess the whole tract of trie
intestines, but especially the 1^'

^or J A N U A R Y,
and are, frequently, obftrved without
heads and tails ; for they are no: evacuated
whole, but in pieces, resembling
the seeds os gourds, or cucumbers,
which, according to Spagelius, are
nothing but the middle gross nodes os
the worms, remaining alter their lateral
and membranaceous parts are confumed
by* the putrefaction.
The third species of yvOrms are the
esrarides, or fmall slender animals,
which, lodgingin the Small intestines,
especially the rectum, generally fo vcllicate
it, as to produce a tenesmus
They are, also, frequently discharged,
in i a credible numbers, with the excrements.
Worms in the intestines are known,
if children start in their sleep, and are
affrighted when awaked out os it ; if
there is an itching in the nostrils ; a
firtid breath ; a thiaft ; a discharge of
the saliva or spittle ; paleness of the
countenance, yvith intermediate flushings
; coldness of the extremeties ; a
turbid urine ; an inflation of the bells' ;
ftrmetin.es an excessive, and, at othc r
time., a languid, appetite ; irregular
fluxetr, ad other Symptoms of a like
nature: But, as these signs are common
to other diseases, so there can he'
no better, nor more infallible criterion,
than the worms themselves, discharged
by stool.
The fymptoms, familiar to patients
o' this kind, are very different, according
to the parts where the worma
are lodged ; but they are, frequently,
so very violent, that, Sometimes, Sitcli
convulsions of the limbs are excited,
that the vulgar, in the country, ton
olten pronounced the patient bewitched
t But more particularly, if the
^vormsare lodged in the stomach, they
landuce nausea's, heart-burns, Saint-
's, tossing of the body, grinding
osthe teeth, diliriutnsi and, at last,
^en death itself. When they are
lodged in the Small intestines, ffary et-
^•e gripes, biting pains about the
Havel, ^ voracious appetite, a Swelling
Of the belly, a^d fluxes ; End, wh.-it
are lodged in tha intessin'^n
rectum, they produce uneasy titillationa,
corrosien, and an almost perpetual
tenesinua, or almost continual
though Ineffectual, delate of going to
stool.
Worms are frequently accompanied
Willi putrid, anomalous, and slow fevers,
like those of the quotidian kind ;
but these animals more frecaue'ntly accompany,
or follow, other disorder.,
such as' the measles and Small poat ;
and not only increase the s y m p t o m s .
and impair the strength, but alio render
the diagnostic. prognostic. and method
of cure, highly difficult.
At certain seasons of she year, especially
in autumn, when under s
moist and unequal state of the air.
cataribal fevers, measles, and Smallpox,
rage epidemically, yvorms arcs,
generally, most copiously generated ;
because, at that time, the strength of
the solids being impaired, more peccant
and vifcid humidity, dispofed to
corruption, is accumulated in the body
; by yvhich means the urestainOue
Sa'c'd receives more nourishment and
Supply. This, is, also, the reason
v lay infants, children, and women.
especially if habituated to sedentary
life, and a bad regimen, are more terribly
afflicted with worms, than young
perloiitt adults, and men • yythose Solids
being stronger, and their circulation
blister, do not, So easily, generate
peccant and vifcid juices.
As lor the causes, certain aliments
Saveout the generation of worms ; and
thcSe are Such as, partly, produce peccant
and putrid juices ; and, partly,
faith as contain the eggs and seeds of
infects, which are, with them, conveyed
into the body : OS this kind
are milk, meats. cheefe, ripe fruits.
fy'.'eetmttats prepared with sugar and
honey, pulse, farinaccott^ Substances,
and other^ nS the Same kind ; which.
above other Substantia. contain in
them she hurtful of animals .
without which these can be no ^titration
ofanimalcula's in nature.
'f he Symptom a, as we 1 av^ already
obServed, differ according to the Viga.at

MAGAZINE ofMAGA^lNE^
or tenderness ol the patients, and ac- First, then, among the athelmincording
to the different nature of the thics, or remedies agamst storms, are
corrupted matter, and the worms. I generally reckoned acids ; Such as the
have, however, often oblerved, that, juice of citrons, oranges, lemons, cuiif
exanthematouS severs, purples, rants, barberries, and pomegranates,
measles, or sinail-pox, are accompa- phlegm and spirit ol vitriol, cream os
nied with worms, thaS^ animals not tartar, wine, especially tartiSh Rhenish
only generally, disturb the calm and wine, and vinegar: All these may be
regular progress of Such disorders, commodioully exhibited, where heat,
but, also, induce a coldness ol the ex- preternatural .warmth, and febrile
tremities, a weakness and inequality commotions, are complicated ; Sor
ol the pulse, deliquiums, and often they not only correct the beat, but,
death. But this happens, more sre- alio, excellently resist putrefaction,
eprently, in children than in adults and avert the dangerous malignity ot
and young persons. Round worms ol the Symptoms.
variegated colours ^re almost always . a Among the remedies lor worms are,
bad sign ; for they often alcend to also, reckoned bitters ; such as wormthe
stomach, and by lacinating its wood, the leSEer centaury, scordium,
orisices, and sometimes perforating it, marsh trefoil, rue, and, still more,
produce epileptic fits, danger ol siiffo- bitters possessed ol a purgative qualtcations,
and even sudden death. The ty, luch as aloes, rhubarb, and colo-
Ilania:. long worms, produce chronical quintida. These are very effectual
disorders, and, sometimes, prove mor- against worms ; because, by their
tal, before it is discovered that the balsamic quality, they partly correct
patient is afflicted with them The the crude and viscid matter with which
alcaldes are leSs dangerous ; because, they are nourished ; and, by stimulatbeing
lodged in the large intestines, ing the fibres ol the intestines, they
which are not possessed of Such quick often evacuate the corrupted humour^
sense as the others, they do less harm together with the worms: they-also.
by* their coroSion. The lymptoms ol partly corrects inactivity of the bile.
patients afflicted with worms are ob- which, in children, and patients os
Served to be increased about noon, and a moist constitution, is, frequently, the
towards the evening ; because, at immediate caule of worms.
those times, the worms more strongly Saline substances are greatly celesrorrode,
and bite the nervous canal ol brated as anthelminthics ; both bethe
intestines, which they find free cause they are fatal to the tender
from aliments. structure ol these animals, and be-
The Cute. cause, by stimulating the intestines,
Though infants, afflicted with they promote their discharge, espocialworms,
are in great danger, yet we ly if dissolved in a sufficient quantity
are never to deSpait, provided reme- of water This principally holds,
dies proportioned to the diversity of with refpect to the neutral bitter Salts,
Symptoms, constitutions, and ciroutn- efpecially that of Glauber, Epsom,
stances, are exhibited lealonably, and Sedlitz, Egra, and the Caroline Salt,
in a proper order. But in scarce any which when taken in a proper vehicle.
disease are so different and active me- and uled for a considerable time, prodicines
extolled, and uled by physi- duce an excellent effect, especially is
clans, as in disorders where worms are children and young persons labour
to be expelled or killed ; lor which u n d e r that lpecies of worms they call
aeason I shall briefly shew what cau- ttence, and the broad kind, because
rion, prudence, and citcumlpection these are not so happily exterminated
o^e necessary in exhibiting them. by purgatives, which produce spasms,

f^r J A N U A 1
ati by salts, and Saline waters. It is
aiso certain, that Salts, efpecially thoSe
of the vitriolic kind, have long been
justly celebrated as althelminthics ;
and the P-.-rmont waters, which partake
oS the Subtile vitriol oS iron, ate
So effectual for the ctare of the trenia
and turbinated Spiral xvorms, that the
patients ate in a short time totally
freed from all the Symptoms.
IS any disorder admits of Specifics,
theSe are certainly required in killing
and clianinating worms. For these
purposes, the best fpecifics are, among
gums, afa fottida, Sagapennm, opopaiiax,
and myrrh. Among herbs, tanfey,
fcordinm, and wormwood. Among
bulbous roots, the various kinds
of' onions and garlic. Among iruits,
bitter almonds, Wormfeed, and others
of a like nature. All which, by their
sulphureous ^and foetid fmell, are peculiarly
destructive to worms. And
thoSe Specifics are So neceSfary, that
unleSs they are, in a due doSe, mixed
with the ahovementioned medicines,
the desired effect is rarely produced.
T here still remains another not less
eisicacious Specific taken ^om the mineral
kingdom, namely, quicksilver ;
which is- in a peculiar manner Satal
to worms, destroying their vital- motion,
though the manner, in which it
Pteduces this effect, cannot be accurately
deduced Srom mechanical
principles. There are various methods
oS exhibiting this mineral. The
learned Dr. Mead, in his Monita &
Pr^cepta Medica, order., a purge of
lhuhar^, with a Small quantity of" mercurms
dulcis, which is to be repeated
at due intervals: And in the intermediate
days to give atthiops mineral,
morning and evening. It will also be
os Service to drink fpring-watet, in
^hich quicksilyer has been boiled ; and
even Sea-water alone.
Among other medicines I have USed
the following pills against worms t
^ alee os apa Scrtida, extract of
rhubarb, tanSey, depurated alocs,
the heft myrrh, and mercuritls
dstlcia, cacb one Scruple ; of the
extracts of Saffron and castor.
each Sour grains ; make all into
a maSs, and from every Scruple
of it make fifteen pills : By taking
five, six, or eight of which.
according to the age and other
circumstances of the patient, 1
have known many thoroughly
cured, though before they were
miserably tormented.
But the flat yvorm requires a different
treatment ; and the learned Dr.
Meade assures us, that, from many
-years experience, he found the folloyving
medicine very efficacious :
Take filings of tin and red coral, of
each an equal quantity ; pound
them together into a very fine
poyedet ; os which, one drachm.
made into a bolus with conserve
of the tops of sea-yvormwood, is
to be taken twice a day.
By repeating theSe medicines, worms.
fo fertile of producing the most terrible
disorders in the human body, will
be
entirely destroyed, and the parts
rendered capable of performing their
proper functions.
1/ e have been favoured with the fed/owing
ingenious /stay from Dr. Bracken.
and presume it will be very a^rcceible
to our Readers.
To the Proprietors of the Magazine of
Magazines.
GE^tLLMLN,
1" Have Several times thought of Pub-
| lishing a treatise on that terrible
and.dangerous distemper we term the
Small-pox ; but Srom my own obSetvaon
and experience, l now think Such
a think unnecessary ; provided the people
oS this kingdom would only consider
duly, as they ought, upon the
little hazard their children run, when
they are inocula^d, in comparison to
the danger thoSe undergo, who rake
the Small
-pox in tsRa natural way, viz.
by inspiring the variolous effluvia
through the mouth and note, and by
these, and the external absorbent mt-

T^e MA c A ^ i N E of M AC4 21NE ^
liary gland ol che slain- Therefore,
was ic only srom the single consideration
ol toe numbers who recover, after
having passed through all toe stages
Of the Sinall-pox with graat ease and
Sanity by inoculation, in respect to those
v.Sro die of them in the natural way ;
1 say, was it only this known fact, one
would think it abundantly sufficient to
induce people to a performance of that
du:y they most undoubtedly owe to
their offspring. Many and various are
the treatises published on this subject ;
anci yet none ot our own, or any other
country, have enumerated the perticular
Symptoms more fully and to the
purpose, thenRhares, the Arabian, in
his treatise in tiled, a Discourse upon
the Pestilence.
The fmall-pox is a native of Egypt,
and a distemper unknown, even to the
Greeks ; for neither Hippocrates, nor
Galen ^that nice observer) have Said
one word about the mattes. notwithstanding
we trace its original, as far as
Omar, Mahomet's successor ; and yet
the Egyptians, very probably, might
receive the contagion from the mora
distant regions o." the East, because
the oldest of their writers do not teil
na, that such distemper had it rise amongst
them very lately ; so it may,
wish great probability, be supposed,
that the Egyptians received the infection
from the more distant eastern regions
; and, as this people. in lefs than
thirty years, propagated their religion
and empire, so did they, no less, the
Sraall-pox, not only through Egypt,
byria, Palestine, and Persia, but also
in a little time afterwards, along the
coast of the Astatic lea, through l.ycia
and Cilicia : And in the beginning of
the next century still farther into the
maritime part ol Africa, and crofs the
Meditetranean lea, even into Spain itself
; and from hence we may learn ,
why commercial cOtantries import new
diseases unknown to them before; for,
had it not been through trade and com.
merce to the eastward, England, very
probably, had never seen so formidable
an enemy aa the Sinall-pox , thare-
fore, the Bifhop of Worcester, in h^
otherwise excellent sermon, relating to
the practice of inoculation, is, like
many more, who have not .held of the
right end os the staff, w*he*n he tells
us, • We bring the s e e d s osthe Smallpox
into the world with us ;' and yet
of this way of thinking yeas the aforementioned
Rhaices, o.te of the best
and most ancient of the Arabian phy.
licians ; but the true philosophy was,
in thofedays, deeply in oblivion, and,
therefore, the physicians were forced
to fly to their occult equalities, and subtile
ferments in the blood, ^.c &c. &c.
whereas the real thing is no more thari
this, viz.
^lor bodies, or, in other words, the
human animal machine, is So framed
by the great Creator of the universe,
as that it is susceptible os, and capable
to receive, the effluvia emitted from
other bodies, whether animal, vegetable,
or mineral ; and, therefore, tire
distempers, we term contagious, ate
propagated and spiead abroad, by the
noxious effluvia tloatingin the air we are
obliged to inspire into the lungs ; and
there is leasee a climate upon the face
of the globe, that doc^ not produce
its peculiar endemic distemper , se
chat, when a foreigner happens to
reside where any new disease (unknot
to him before) reigns, he will be in
great danger of contracting it ; and.
from hence, we learn why rhe Europe
ans, dealing with the Africans, are
subject to the same diseases with the
negroes, &c. which diseases, in a general
way, are nor seen or known in En^*
land.
What I would infer from the forgoing
reasoning is this, viz. All aritmals
are subject to particular distent'
pers, peculiarly incident to this or t^2I
Species of animals; and hence we lee'
that the distemper, lately So violent amongst
the horned cattle, w*as not
communicated to horses or other anitnals;
and l myself have inoculated'
dog: with the matter of the fmall-po'"'
yet no inconveniency ensued to sech
dogs, farther than that the wounds

J A N U A F Y,
wetre troublesome, and did not toon
heal ; and l am very wall convinced,
that there waa a wane of the knowledge
ol the nature ol things. in thole
that advised the lota of so many hides,
whereby this nation suffered several
thousand pounds loss, that might have
beau saved, and not one beast more receive
the infection, provided such hides
had been carried immediately to toe
tan-honse, and put into lime-water, as
is usual, or rather, it every sarmer had
had Such lime-water by* him, to infuse
Such hides in ; I say, this would have
laved much leather to the nation, and
not one beast more would have died ;
and I cannot say, but a clergyman, in
my neighbourhood, made a very sait
trial of' this kind ; sor he put the W arm
hide of a beast that died of the distemper
(before the act of Parliament required
the infected cattle to be buried
la the hide) I Say, he put the infected
hide, as it is called, upon his own
cow's back, and fastened it there all
night, and yet his ow*n cow did nor
receive the infection. ^
('To be continued. ,1
Rensonr of the M^-onrloct and ^liscarrrngea
of the Navy. By the Author of
three Letters, written inthe Yeair i747.
(•e'er Marline for Dee. Lost, p ^26.
Seamen were always thought
s^t superior nor only sin skill, but
in courage to ail otoera ; from them
therefore we expected not only protection
but conquest. Yet, since the commencement
of this war, we hear of
continual disappointments and disgrace.
Wc have no triumphs to boast
ha: over merchant ships; and for them
^ur enemies have had ample revenge :
ror our captains have not always expressed
as much ardour to protect their
inendts, for which they were to expect
no reward but.thanks, as to enrich
themselves by the capture os a defence-
Seta enemy,
How contemptible this behaviour
has made our fleet to the rest of Eit-
^ s may be concluded from the late
couductolthe K. of Naples, and even
of the little republic of Genoa, whose
territory heiiig upon the sea coast, is
ali, as it were, within the reach of
our cannon ; yet they have joined
our enemies, in violation of recent
treatiea, andindeftance of our power.
Some efforts indeed were made co punish
toent, but So weakly, that they
only added to out shame and their arrogance.
And what is' still more, too' the parliament,
Sully convinced that there
had bern faults of the molt Scandalous
kind, addressed his majesty, that
toe guilry persons might he brought to
justice, tho' in pursuance of this address,
a court martial was appointed ;
yet, after a tedious and chargeable
prosecution. tho' none doubted tbere
had been great faults somewhere, none
were capitally convicted; only a sew
were broke, and as they land already
made their fortunes. a dilmisdion from
the Service was neither any punishment
to them, nor reparation to the nation.
And there are many, who to this day
wanton in toe fpoila taken from merchant
ships, and are honoured with
commands in a service which they have
disgraced by their cowardice and neglect,
as if the members of court martials
were conscious that they would
have acted in the same manner, in the
lame circumstances, and could not
condemn a misbehaviour in others.
which toey would have heen guilty of
themselves.
Men have from hence concluded,
that it was equally vain Co expect
from military commanders either cour
rage in action, or justice on toe bench ;
and, upon tins presumption, have gone
from one extreme to another, and instead
of regarding the navy with affection
and esteem, have listened to no
proposals. with greater approbation,
than Such as tend to lessen the pay, or
fix marks ol insamy and distrust upon
Sea-officers in general—Such as trying
delinquents at courts ol common law
—or joining an equal number os cap-
taitaa

ti^ ^ M A G A ^ I N E of M A G A 2 IN E ^
tains of merchantmen with captains of
men of war in court martials ; tho'
the first of these, considering the intricacy
of fea affairs, and how ignorant
layvyers must be of them, would
render it almost impo.fible for the guilt
of a cunning offender to be detected,
and the other would be Such a standing
reproach upon the navy in general, that
no man of l'piric yvould continue in the
service.
But it is not by such methods as
theSe, that the reputation of our fleet
is to be recovered ; on the contrary,
the utmost endeavours ought tobe used
to revive a spirit of emulation among
the officers. I believe that extraordinary
severity is at this time necessary ;
but lee that Severity be shewed to thoSe
only who have deferved it. Others
should be treated with all the tei'pect
which their station and their Service
may claim. It ought to be a general
maxim in all governments, never
to shew a distrust of any man,
to whom any post of consequence is
committed.
It ought to be remembered, that a
fleet, as it is the most natural, fo it
is the safest bulwark of our nation.
Strong garrisons and numerous armies
are always burthenfome, and too often
prove fatal to the liberties which
they ought to protect And a regular
militia is often rebellious and factious,
of which that of Poland is a striking
instance. But a fleet can neither be
employed by a minister to destroy
the liberty of the nation, nor by a
faction to bring about a revolution ; it
can only be formidable to foreign enemies,
and no otherwise fatal to its
country, than by cowardice, treachery,
or neglect.
It was my intention, Sir, at first,
to have given you my Sentiments upon
every thing, which occurred to my
observation concerning the navy ; but
I find this would be much longer than
I imagined ; that l may not be too tedious,
f shall contract my first defign,
and only give you my opinion, what
have been the principal causes of the
Scandalous behaviour of too many of
our commanders lately, and what
will he the best way to prevent the like
ior the suture, and restore our navy to
its ancient reputation. Whether l Shail
afterwards proceed any farther, will
depend upon your opinion of the triefulness
of this.
One cause of the ill behaviour of
our naval commanders is the great
force that parliamentary interest has ia
the promotions in the navy ; but 1 can
by no means allow it to be fo fatal as
some have said ; nor indeed ean the
force of interest he entirely prevented.
Men-of large property, and in eminent
stations must, and ought to have
a superior influence in the country, ia
the welfare of whieh they are fo deeply
interested, and for whose defence
they so largely contribute. Not is
there any reason to Suppose, that their
relations are more likely to want understanding,
courage, and integrity,
than others. Ceteris paribus, therefore,
they ought to be preferred to cithers,
and all that is necessary to prevent
such a preference from being detrimental
to the public, is only to ta.te
notice of extraordinary merit wherever
'tis found, that the meanest may
see, if they xecel, they will surely he
rewarded '—to lay down some rules,
by which every person, before he is
capable of having a command, Shall
be obliged to have served fo long, that
it may reasonably be supposed; he eannot
be ignorant of his duty, or unfit
for the station to which he is promoted
—and always to punish with exemplary
severity, without the least regard to
birth or interest, all who are guilty el
cowardice, ignorance, or tyranny- it
is not so much the preferring office^
by parliamentary interest, as Screening
offenders, that will hurt the public
But a very fatal cause of the misconduct
os many of our commanders was,
the cautious manner of waging war;
for it is well known, that restraining
orders were sent to some of our cnta'
manders at first, and that obedience
to these orders cost one of the bravest
admits

admirals, that ever commanded a British
fleet, more than his life, his reason.
The motives ol sending such orders
were such as could not be made
public, and therefore to juS.ily so extraordinary
and unexpected a behaviour,
the friends ol the admiral, and
01 the ministry, urged the importance
os the fleat^ the ill consequences that
would happen to the nation, il it
should be destroyed--the necessity there
was lor taking care ol the king's ships
—and many other such arguments,
which did indeed satisfy the brave unfortunate
admiral. But what was
suggested at first by friendship or interest,
coinciding wish the sear ol many,
became the real opinion ol their
hearts. They confidered every thing
that might possibly happen against
them, then suppoled it really would
happen, and conducted themselves accordingly.
And, as our commanders
grew more Searsul, our enemies grew
more courageous, and began to delpise
that force which they had been used to
dread.
I will not say, that the ministry
foresaw, much less designed Such a
thing • but I aver, that it was the
consequence ol the measures pursued
and maxims propagated at that
time, and ought to be a perpetual
warning to all ministers never to wage
war in ^est.
To extinguish the effects ol these
fatal maaims, it ought to be strongly
inculcated, that one relolute man will
always get the better of two who are
wavering and fearful.—That a determined
and sedate courage, as it oSten
surprizes an enemy, it often
brings not only safety but conquest ;
whereas flight can only prolong life for
2 sew days, to end it at last with ignominy
on a scaffold ; and to give
this reflection force is the duty ol court
martlals.
d he courage ol our common seamen
is hitherto unluSpected ; however,
l am afraid, that some maxims Savoured
by they betters, have made an im-
^oL. ^HL
J A N U A R Y. l^ju ^
pression upon many ol them. I arrt
sure, nothing that will confirm or improve
their bravery ought to be neglected.
But perhaps you will laugla
at one method I am going to propose
to do this, which is, that Some persons
of genius should be employed to
write, in a familiar and eafy stylet
fongs on fome of the most heroic actions
of toe seamen, interspersed witla
sentiments ol piety, virtue, and humanity,
which are certainly the most
likely means to inspire true courage to
obtain, and moderation to use a victory
; that thefe fongs be set to eafy but
martial tunes, and singing them be encouraged
in the fleet as much as possible,
and tho' the lords of the admiralty
could not give any formar order
about singing theSe songs, yet they
might easily recommend it in private tt^
the captains ; and, if they would sing
them at their tables, the sailors would
soon have them likewise ; they would
naturally be fond os Songs, which they
would think themselves in some treasure
interested in, and would consider
them as auspicious omens, that they
might themselves be the subject of lomo
future song which even their mistresses
might vouchsafe to fing. 1 am alio of
opinion that such influence would extend
so the officers also. And my opi •
nion is confirmed both by history and.
experience. I my self heard the song
about the battle of La Hogue fung by
almost every man on board of one ship
the day of the battle of Toulon with
very good effect, till the infamous behaviour
of some in the fleet put an end
to their song, and changed the praises
ol the dead into curses ol the living ;
and upon enquiry 1 had reason to believe
it was fung in every ship in tho
fleet with the fame effect. But I would
have fongs of this kind fung every
day, and the names and gallant actiona
of common sailors mentioned, whicla
I am confident would inspire a laudable
enthusiasm, without Some degreo
oS which, no navy or army, will ever
make any figure,
H Another

^ ^ M A G A ^ 1 fr E of M A G A 2 1 N E s,
Another great reaSon of the mifconduCt
of our navy is, an improper
eliitribution of' reyvard, there are two
Sorts oS reyyards to encourage military
men, pecuniary and honorary. As
to the former, the nation has been
liberal of them even to profusion,
but I am airaid they have been fo distributed
that the largeness of them,
has, like a vait yyeight in a wrong
place, overset the Service. Honorary
rewards are Scarcely known in our
service, tho' they are not only cheaper,
but more effectual. To know, whether
pecuniary rewards are properly
distributed, we muSt consider, Sor
what ends, and upon what occasions
they ought to be all proposed. What
is assigned Sor ordinary Service, is not
here considered as a reward, but as
pay, and ought to be Sufficient compensation
Sor time, labour, and ordinary
dangers. If any further encouragement
be thought requisite, it
is, when iaine extraordinary hazards
and fatigues are to be undergone.
Now if the greatest rewards be
given yvhete there is little or no danger,
and very ftnall rewards, when
tire danger is great. If the desire of
these rewards will Sometimes produce
neglect of duty—If many, who are
in important stations, are almost totally
excluded from reward'— if this be
an inducement to Some to desire to
Serve in Stations not fo suitable for
them, and leave the most important
stations toothers, not fo well qualified—If
the very nature of the rewards
be Such, as will make a dismission
from the service desirable, it must be
confessed, that the distribution of
these pecuniary rewards is improper.
How far this is true, will be best
demonstrated by considering, what is
the ordinary pay oS a captain, and
rhe manner in yvhich prize money is
fh -red. Noyv there are two degrees
eas captains'. One has the command
of Sloops, bombs, fire strips, or any
(bip leSs than 2o guns ; lbeise are cal-
) -d masters and commanders, and take
place amoug theinfelves according to
tho date of their first commission, but
are commanded by all captains of larger
Ships, tho' their commissions be
later. Theother degree has the command
of ships of 2o guns, or upyvards,
which are called post ships, and they
take place, not according to the largeneis
of the Ship they command, but
the date of their first commission to a
post ship, fo that a captain of a first or
fecond rate may be commanded by a
captain of a twenty gun ship. In the
distribution of prize money, both poft
captains and masters and commanders
share alike ; but their pay differs as
follows.
Captains of a ftrit rate are S. s. d. Sery. nts
allotted per dieum a o o ^ts
—of a fecond o a ^ o ^cr
— of a ^d, or Ho and ^o gtrnso r^
— of a 4tb,or ndar.d ^o gunso ro o a^or:a
—of a fifth, or ^o guns o t^ o ao
-•-of a Sixth, or 2o guns o o ts
Captains of fireihips, hoSpital ships,
and store ships, tho' they rank only as
masters and commanders, have yet the
fame pay with captains of a 5th rate,
and captains of sloops the Same with
captains of a 6th rate, but the number
of their Servants differs. The rule is,
every captain is allowed Sour servants,
Sor every hundred men, oS his ship's
compliment ; every Servant is about
ten pounds a year profit to the captain.
The reaSon why So many Servants
are allowed is, that young lads
may be brought up in the Service.
All ships taken Srom the enemy by
the king's ships are given to tbe captors
in the following manner. Three
Sths to the captain or captains who
took or assisted in taking the prize, is
under the command of an admiral, or
a commodore with a captain under
him, but if under the command of
an admiral or commodore then one
of' thei'e three eights belongs to such
admiral or commodore ; if there he
two admirals, the commander in chief
to have two thirds of the eight, tt
more than two, then the commander
in chief to have one half', and the other
half to be equally divided among the
other admirals ; one eight to the cot^
mission, one eighth to the warrant.

J A N U 1
and one eigth to the petty officers ;
the other two eights to the common
men ; besides, the government gives
to the captors five pounds Sor every
man on board the enemies ship, if a
man of war or privateer when the
engagement began, to he shared as
the prize money. Likewile pensions
and gratuities to every man wounded,
and a" years pay to the widows ol
those that are killed.
All Ships are equally entitled to their
share ol prize money, which are in
fight when the prize is taken ; every
ship in fight being esteemed to be aiding
and assisting tho' not within gun
shot. Admirals are entitled to their
share, tho' not within Sight, il the
ships are taken within the limits ol
their command.
These are indeed munificent rewards
and the bead money and gratuities
to the wounded men and widows
are well judged ; but il hall ol all
merchant ships and cargocs was reserved
to reimburse part os the expence
ol our fleet ; all, who belong to the
navy, would still have reason to be
thankful, sor no other nation in Europe
gives So much ; and il alter this
deduction the captors share should be
divided into seven parts, and one seventh
instead of two eighths given to
the captains, they could not then
complain that their share was too little,
nor do l believe, they would do
their duty the worse
But without taking aWav any os the
two eighths from the captains, their
share may be diipoSed of among them,
more equitably, as much to their satisfaction,
and more for the advantage of
she Service.
Merchant ships, of considerable burthen,
are ol much more value than
large men of war. A coward theresure,
may without danger get an ample
fortune ; while a brave man, after
a gallant action, full of danger,
may not get the tenth part of it,
When men may enrich themselves
at once with little hazard by.taking
merchant ships, and, when they- en -
a man os war, are lure os hard
F Y, ^
blows, little profit, and no honorary
rewards, 'tis very natural to believe,
that if they should meet with both
men of w*ar and merchant ships, they
will try to avoid the former, and lay
hold of the latter. And this supposition
is Supported by experience.
A commodore very lately, who had
under his command three ships ofyo
and 6o guns, fell in with two French
men of war and some merchant ships, ^
.and seeing a large merchane ship making
sail eo gee awav, he followed
her, and left the two French men of
war to his comrades. They, tho' of
superior force to the French, vet Sor
fear they should not be in light, when
the merchant ship was taken, went
away likewise, and suffer'd the French
men of war to go away unmolested?
If a man of war, Sent as a convov,
should lee at a distance a ship of the:
enemy's, which he might suppose to
be rich, would there not be a strong
temptation to leave his convoy, and
go after the prize ? the convoy, 'tis
true, is of great value, but what is
ehat to him ? ifhe takes care of thena,
he may have thanks perhaps, but, if
he takes the prize, he makes his fortune
t he will be glad of any pretence
to quit the Service, and will consider
breaking as no punishment : he can
cover himSelf from infamy in his lacad
cloaths and his coach and fix.
'Tis certain this was the behaviour
of some ol the infamous battle ol
Toulon.
There is another ill consequence of
this distribution ol prize money, not
fo much taken notice ol, yet very ratal.
No ship is entitled to prize money,
which is not in fight when the
prize is taken. Now as three deck'd
ships are too large and unweildy to
buik the seas, they must be as much
at anchor, as the service will admit,
and are thus in great measure excluded
from prize money : tho' they may
truely be said to aiding and assisting
" None of these captains were punished
The Commodore has Suiyo been pr^ructcd tea
an higher stauirn.
a H

M A C A 2 1 N. E ofMaGA^lNR^
to the cruising ships, tho' not with
them. Thus, when. the English three
eleck'd ships lay at anchor in Hieres
hay, and kept the Spanish fleet in Toulon,
the enemies merchant ships yvere
forced to Sail with little or no convoy,
and sell a more easy prey to our single
cruizers. 1 readily allow, that the
cruizers, should have more prize motley
: But I cannot think that capital
Strips should be totally excluded :
However, if they were the only
saffeters by this, it might be pasted
over ; but the public Service is hurt ;
prize money may be much more considerable
to captains than their pay,
and the hopes of it mnch more alluriag-
A single prize of but two thousand
pounds value, if taken by one
Ship, veill be more to the captain's
Share than the difference is between
the pay of a first and Sixth rase. For
tbis reaSon old captains and gentlemen
of interest, strive to get cruizing Ships,
in hopes of making their fortunes at
once, while the capital ships are given
to young captains, or to captains in a
Lad state of health, who cannot bear
the fatigues of cruizing. I have
known Some captains os ^oo gun ships,
who by the rules of the navy, were
not old enough to be lieutenants.
flat in a general engagement, the
chief dependanee mult be upon thefe
Ships, and it is of the utmost consequence,
that they should be commanded
by experienced officers ; for the
had conduct of one of them may lose
a victory.
It should also be obServed here,
that admirals who command Squadrons
in chief, excepe the first admiral,
have but one captain, who
takes rank according to the date of
his commission, and, as he is much
confined, and Supposed to be out of
she way of prize money, experienced
captains decline the post, and it is
generally conferred upon a young
capt in ; yet if ehe admiral should
he kiiled in an engagement, his captain
may command the v. hole fleet
during the greatest part of the action.
For, sf an admiral he filled,
the instructions forbid his flag eo be
struck, for sear of discouraging the
fleet, but order, that notice be Sent
eo ehe person, who commands in ehe
Second post of the admirals deck,
who is immediately to repair on
board the admiral's ship, and take
the command upon him , but before
this can be done, the fate of the
action may be determined. In tbe
mean time all signals are to be given
from the admiral's ship by the direction
of the captain, and if any
errors should be committed thro'
want of experience or capacity, the
whole fleet may be destroyed. This
is a fault peculiar to ourselves ; for
the French have always several old
officers on hoard their admiral's ships.
The Spanish Admiral, tho' he had
only a rear admiral's flag, had no
less than four captains on hoard his
ship the day of the battle of Toulon,
and it was owing to the experience
and bravery of the third
captain, the first and second being
k.lied, and the admiral himfelf wounded,
that the ship was saved. In
the wars with the Dutch, whean our
navy made the greatest figure at sea,
we have had two admirals on board
one ship.
From this reasoning, and thefe facts
it is clear, that prize-money, as it
is now distributed, instead of promoting
the benefit of the service, is
a perpetual temptation to neglest and
betray it l shall now gi.e my opinion,
how thefe intOnvenieneies
may be remedied.
First, it appears to me, that there
ought to be more steps from the
command of a ship to the rank of
an admiral When a man has the
command of a twenty-gun flrip, he
can regularly rise no higher till he
is a rear admiral, for a commodore
has only an occasional dignity, and
defcends again to the rank of a
private captain. This fault the French
and fpaniards have avoided r they
have feveral ranks of captains, according
to the ratea of the ships they
Command

^ r J A N U A R Y ,
command. And this is worthy our lieutenant colonel, a share and a hall;
imitation. Suppole therefore, that every captain, who ranks as colonel.
^Sl commanders of bomb, fire-ships, two shares ; every captain, who ranks
stoops, and hospital Ships, and all as brigadier, two shares and an hall'
who are called masters and comman- This would make old captains willders,
should rank as majors ; all caping to command great Ships, and would
tains ol 2o, 4^, and 5o gun ships, shew a decent regard to their age and
as lieutenant colonels ; of 6o, 7o, services ; nor could young captaina
and So, as colonels; ol9oand 100, reasonably complain, tho' Something
as brigadiers. This might be done be taken away Srom them lor tbe
without any alteration in their pay, present, since they also would one
and would effectually prevent old day reap an advantage Srom it.
captains from ashing for the linall But as the cruizing ships must ne-
ships, unlels they were willing to be cessarily undergo more hazards, and
commanded by officers who were their their companies more fatigues than
juniors ; and as large strips are the others, the following exceptions, or
molt proper sor old officers, So are
limitations to the above method, are
cruiaing ships Sor young ones, who
offered.
are best able to bear fatigue, and
I. If the merchant ship belonging
will itnproyc their skill in navigati-
to the enemy be taken by any ot his
on. •
majesty's ships of superior force,
All the ships in the same Squa- then the whole squadron to which
dron may be truly said to be assist- the captors belong shall be entitled to
ing to each other in distrethng the share in the prize money, though
enemy in too e parts where the squa- not in fight ; but the immediate
dron is employed.
captors, and all in fight when the
^ith regard to the captains, there- prize is taken, shall be entitled to a
fore l would propose, that when any double share of prize money, i. e.
prize money is to be paid, the two every captain, who ranks as mijo^,
or three eights belonging to them shall receive two shares ; every cap-
should be divided into a number ol tain who ranks as lieutenant colo-
Glares according to that of the capnel three shares and so on ; likeons,
who are entitled to it, and wise every lieutenant, master, war-
shat all who serve in the squadron, rant or petty officer, or private man.
Should be entitled to their proporti- who are on board the captors, when
on of it according to the following the prize is taken, shall receive dou-
tales. Every master and commanble the prize money, which others
der, who ranks as 'major, to one of the Same station in the fleet, who
Iiare ; every captain, who ranks as were in ships not in fight, shall be
To tbe many ineniviniencies foreseen entitled to. This, where no great
^eh tbis letter was written, whreh this re^u- danger is run, may well be thought
a w-esuld prevent, anchor is fence added,
. ^eat nu-nber of YelSeow Admirals, as tbry
ret . ^ has of late been much the cut-
a sufficient
tors.
compensation to the cappromote
Some captain, to the rank of II. If the ships taken he equal in
••rnrsa.^, when many who were their Seniors
number in guns and men, and in
r^e ^ consequently could not
^heeour, seeding to the custom oS the
weight of metal with the captors, oc
Serve
if they be ships of war, or priva-
t^reforee r l ^ < ^ ^ ^^m,
rriira^.r^^^ appointed rear aetteers,
tho' of inferior force, then they
^ ^ t bein^ named to any particular ate to belong to the captors only,
to
and aniitSed to half-pay, hot are not
and no other ships in the squadron,
bav^
'av^^to be employed. Thra, IS they
rr.trub
^ ^ ^ .- ^ ^e, i , f ,,,,,, not, tas^ too
but those who are actually in fight,
UCi'.sc.-. er^ it a lar^e.cyncuet to toe 'are to be entitled either to prize or
Public.'
bead money.
Ill It

M A G A ^ 1 N E
III. If any ship be taken. which
hath a letter os' marque, amd yet
hath a cargo on board, ic shall be
considered as a merchant ship, and
not as a privateer.
IV. If any of his majesty's ships of
war Shall take or destroy ships of war
belonging Co che enemy, of equal or
Superior force to the captors, then the
captors- shall not only be entitled Solely
and exclusive, to the prize and
Laad money, but to a double Share of'
a^r prize money arising from any merchant
ships that shall be taken by any
of" that Squadron for a year to come,
except such merchant ships are comprehended
in the second article, as
eti'u^l to the captors in weight of metal.
and number of guns and men.
And to this double share, captains,
erssieerS, and men shall each of them
in their tefpective degrees, be entitled.
And if any of them shall be Sent out
of the limits os that Squadron helore
the year be expiried, yet still
they shall be entitled to a single share
.•tier y they ha'se left the Squadron,
till the time mentioned be compleared-
V. When any captain shall receive
any prize money for merchant Ships
only, he shall be obliged to give Security
for the yvhole Sum ; and if at
any time therefore he Shall be convicted
of coyyardiee, then all the
prize money he hath received, or is
ncie to him for any merchantmen,
e-tept what he may be entitled to
by the fourth article, shall by that
conviction be forfeited. and shall be
given ar.ong those captains of' the
itee't who have taken ships of yvar
os" equal or superior force With thole
they command. This may make
seme desirous of resigning, and leaving
ttae Service, when they are grown
rich , but it vsill effectually keep
them from drawing hack in the time
of danger.
In behalf of the men fome further
regulations may be made with regard
to the agents, that their fees be fixed,
and they not Suffered to run a-
of M A G A ^ 1 N E ^
way with all or most of the profits ;
that if any dispute should arise about
the legality of the capture, there
may be a Summary way of determining
it ; that the agents may be obliged
to make their payments with as little
delay as possible ; that the men,
as well as officers, may have liberty
to name agents ; that no agent
dare to pay any captain any part of
his p rize money, who has not first
given in authentic lists of his Ship's
company, by which every man in
his ship may be able to receive his
dividend, as well as the captain ;
and that the captains he required to
act as the fathers oS their ships companies
; and that all frauds and embezzlements,
and delay and stoppage
of peyment, be severely punished.
These regulations would make our
pecuniary rewards useful. But honorary
rewards are more consentaneous
to virtue, and more productive ol heroic
actions.
1 proceed to mention a few instances,
in which l think^honorary rewards
might be conferred yvith great
propriety.
I. Every captain of a man of war,
who stiall take or destroy an enemy's
fliipof yvar of equal force with his Own.
to rank as if his fiist commission was
of a year's older date than it is ; and
if' by the addition of that year, he
would be at the head of his osvn
rank, then to be promoted immedl*
atelv to an higher rank.
This l have heard objected to, ^
unjust, as it may put juniors oyer
their seniors, who did not want courage,
but only opportunity to have
done the fame. But l think one gallant
action, crown'd with success.
deserves more from the public thait
a year's inactive service ; nor is it
possible to reward latent merit, the
public can only judge and reward
what it Sees ; if this will make danger
courted for the sake of gle^',
this is the very thing that is atmed
II* ^ery

^tr J A N U A F Y, 17^.
II. Evert captain ol a man ol war,
that shall take or destroy a ship ol the
enemies ol superior force, shall from
that day rank as commanding a ship
olthat force.
III. Eyery captain ol a fire-ship,
that shall burn an admiral'^ ship, to
rank from that day as a colonel ; or,
il any other ship, as a lieutenant
colonel.
1Y. After an engagement, il we
haye gained the victory, the admiral
to hare the power to reward as many
captains as the enemy have lost
ships, in the manner above mentioned,
but still to be accountable to
the higher powers sor his nomination
; if we sole the battle, that as
soon as may be, a Strict enquiry be
made both into the conduct of the
admirals and captains, the brave to
be rewarded, and the faulty punished.
V. The captain of the admiral,
who commands a squadron in chief,
to take place of all other captains for
the time, and il he continues long in
that station, to have a year added
to the date ol bis commission ; il a
battle be fought during that time, and
a victory gained, to have another
^ear added, unless the admiral himsell
he sound guilty ol cowardice.
VL 11 any captain should be killed
ia an engagement, and the lieutenant
who succeeds him in the command,
lashave well, and bring the ship off
honourably from one ol superior force,
ot cake a Ship ol equal force, that lieutenant
to take rank as master and comtnander
fforn that day, or even an
higher rank, if the merit os the action
shall deserve it, and to have the first
top ol rate that shall be vacant, e-
^en heSore the admiral's lieutenants.
vII. Every lieutenant of a victories
ship ^ hey^. a year added to the
ate of his commission • every master
r ^arrant officer, who had on such
behaved well, to be confi-
^ stom that day as belonging to a
p os a larger rate, with reSpect to
mg supetanl^ted, cr to have a
year added to the date ol his commission
: every mate or midshipman
not to be obliged to Serve in a lower
Station in his majesty's navy, and every
common seaman to have somte
mark ol honour conferred on him.
or leave for a month's ablence when
they come to an English shore. A
year thus added to a commission.
would be looked upon as the most
honourable pretension to Seniority,
and an advancement or indulgence
thus obtained would be the boast ola
brave lu-aman.
It' any captains should give repeated
instances ol their courage, by taking
Several ol the enemies ships of
war, would it be amiss, il the old
order ol bannerets was revived, they
honoured wish it, and permitted to
wear a red ribbon on the left shoulder.
and a star as the knights ol the bath
elo ? it should be done with great
form ; all the captains ol the ihipa
at the port should assist , and to Stimulate
people the more to exert
themselves in an engagement, it ought
to be a constant rule alter an engagement,
to make with great solemnity
a strict enquiry into the behaviour
ol every ship, and publickly to
applaud the brave and cenSure the
faulty, and bring them afterwards to
a court martial ; and all partiality in
this should be severely punishable.
When this was known to be the
constant method, a man must be a
very great coward indeed who would
not fight,
11 there should be a general engagement
between two great fleets, and
the victory clearly ours, l tbink the
admiral deserves a greater bonour
than that ol knighthood ; a peerage
cannot be thought too much.
I have often wondered, how Sew
families have been enobled for military
virtue, and bow many have
been enobled, witbout having filled
any eminent station at all.
llut I would not have honorary rewards
confined to the royal navy, I
would have it extend to the privateers

^ 4 M A G A 2 S N E cof M A G A 2 1 N E
vatcers alio ; il any ol them took a
shipolwar from the enemy, 1 would
have the captain of that privateer enrolled
among the captains ol the royal
navv, arid rank according to the
hignela ol the enemies ship that lie
took ; the reward ehus given, would,
in comparison ol toe milchiel toat he
did toe enemy, colt toe public bue
e very little, and a brave officer would
be brought into the royal navy, which
would bes always a valuable acquisition.
Nay I would have ehe men
ol ehae privateer, ehae had eaken a
ship ol war lrom ehe enemy, exempted
from being pressed for a year.
In shore, as there may be some great
ections performed, which can be provided
for by no stated rules, ie is
•to be wished, that every year, a
strict enquiry was made, into the
actions of the war ; whether performed
by the officers ol the public, or
ol private persons ; and every gallant
action some way rewarded. With
regard to the officers ol the royal
•navy, I could wish toe admiralty's
invincible maxim was, pay well, and
punish well.
To conclude this subject, il among
the old Romans, religion was ol such
use and prevalency, when it was full
as superstition, and gave but uncertain
hopes ol an hereafter, how powerful
might it he made under the goSpel
dispensation, where life and immortality
are set in so strong and clear
alight! what canso brighten and improve
inarc seede of courage ? what
strongly combat constitutional sear ?
this is not indeed, in the power olthe
public to bestow ; but two things
aught to be the care ol the public,
that religious worship be solemnly, decently,
and regularly performed, and
that open and abandoned vice be
punished i the lormer keeps religion
in countenance, and often insensibly
leads men lrom being formally, to
hecome really good ; the latter prevents
actions, which, il reflected upon,
will blunt their lword in the
day of battle. I am sorry to fay,
that as far as I could observe myself
or learn from others, no nation iii
Europe is so much wanting, in bosh
these relpects, as ours. There is
not alwas sufficient care taken in
abusing such clergy for chaplains, as
might, by their learning and example,
recommend the practice ol it so
the men, osgive a just ideaol it to
strangers. And there have been lately
some notorious instances ol vice
poblickly deeected, and the criminals
not only pardoned, but advanced. I
could mention many, but shall give
you only two, which happened very
lately in two different ships. Two officers,
the one a captain, the other a
lieutenant, were detected ol sodomy;
toe thing was so flagrant, that they
both deserted, and run away, and yet
the one was immediately made captain
ol a larger ship, and ehe other
preferred to a higher commission-
Such are my thoughts, on the molt
likely methods to revive the glory of
the navy, and to make rewards truely
useful to the service.
A Naralive of an old Gentleman redeced
to a very deploy able Situation by Cedcilr
and Squabbles arnon^ his Servant,.
(See Mag. for December last page
5t8.
|R St George is an eminent mer-
LVI^ chant in Thames-street, and
as honest a man as ever lived : He has
cultivated almost every branch of
trade, and is a very great dealer m
the wollen manufacture, the corn-trade,
and such like solid commerical advarf
tages. His correspondents in all parts
of the globe were used to enters
the highest refpect for the old gentle'
man, till lately he met with some^oS-
Ses, which have in Some degree lessen*
ed his credit. His effects an Minors
have fallen into the hands ol she
French, and in America be has met
with soi^e very ugly rubs- He is naturally
very good to bis domeftics, ano
bates new laces in bis family : Of ^
disposition hi: servants took 2U
cages,

^ J A N U A R Y , 17^7.
tages, and the decrease of his reputation
is generally thought to he owing
to their negligence and ill conduct.
His upper Servant was an Old woman,
who had great perquisites under
him, and is Supposed to have
fquandred her master's as well as her
own Substance. She was ever Sond of
good housekeeping, and e atertained
the servants of' strangers with great
hot'pitality. This circumstance. got
her a good word among the lovers of
good cheer, but she was a filly Woman,
and of so meddling a temper,
that she would neither do her own
business, nor let the other fervants do
theirs as they should do, so that the
house yvas never in thorough good order.
Yet fuch was old St. George's
attachment to her that he won Id do
nothing without her advice, and he
gave her the care of his money, bills,
&c. You may believe she was totally
unfit sor so weighty a trust, and not
long since she paid a very considerable
bill drawn upon her master by a factory
in Germany, though she actually
had then no effects of theirs in her
hands.
Philip was employed as justice's
clerk (Mr St George being'a justice of
the peace it is said in the neighbourhood
that Philip drew warrants yvell ;
hut he has the name of having encouraged
litigionfness in all the poor
people that came before him, and it
was his way to keep them a long time
hesore he would give them a positive
anSwer to che most plain and simple
question. He has a very strong averhan
to matrimony, and was never eaiy
hat when regulating the family assarts
with the Old woman in the pansty
; by which means he enjoyed very
great vails, and bc got many a
hit Sor his kindred and followers.
Harry was a first cabbin-buy on
^nd a man of war. but he loon left
^t hfe, and went to service. He li-
^ under Several masters, but could
^er produce a certificate of hisgand
saviour. Most of the footmen
XIII,
gave him the character of a dirty,
miserly, little Sellow : However he
was a cunning dog. and wriggled him-
Self' into favour with the Old woman,
who gave him the care of the Tallies
on which the Milk-Score and Such
things were generally kept.
George was bred a Sailor; and on
bis return home Srom a long voyage.
through Philip's influence. Mr. St,
George gave him a Waterman'a
Badge, to prevent his going to Sea again.
It was George's business to attend
the wharfs, the docks, and to
give proper directions to the watermen;
but, instead of this, he squandered
away all his time late and early
at the Prince Arthur's Head among
gamblers, pick pockets, and sharpers.
where, however we must do him the
justice to say, that he was never givers
to any tricks himself.
Thefe were Mr. St. George's upper
fervants : Henry and Will yvere in tho
next degree. Henry (for so he was
called to distinguish him from the ahove-mentioned
Harry) had formerly
bern a Cocker, Sraocker, and Foxbunter;
and Will was, in the beginning
of his days, a common Trooper ;
but they hoth on a Sudden took it in ha
their heads to go to Service. They
were Soon hired by Mr. St . George ;
Henry was charged with giving proper
directions to all the game-keepera
upon his master's manors, and Will
was employed to pay them their wages.
These two were looked upon by Ms.
St, George's acquaintance as his two
ablest Servants, as in Sact they were ;
they were hoth reputed honest, and
both plainly saw the ill conduct os the
upper Servants t Will was persuaded
that the heedlessness of the Old woman
would some time or other set the
house on fire : This, however, he
resolved to keep to himfelf, knowing
that then would be the time to supplant
the Old Bitch, for fo he empba
tically called her. He uf'ed frequently
to rise up in the servants hall to find
fault with the house keeping, and was
thought a very notable spokesman. It
I was

was often said that he spoke as well
as a common-council man ; and he
would frequently take a turn down to
Billingsgate, to attend the eloquence
ol the British Fishery, from whence
he was remarkable for transplanting
his boldest figures in lpeech. Henry
was sonder ol doing than talking,
though he had a great readineSs Sor either.
He proposed a Scheme to Will,
which was, that they two should join
to discover the Old yvoman's negligencies
: hut Will rejected this proposal on
account os a cabal he was then engaged
in with the Servants os Mr. St.
'George's grandson. This resusal determined
Henry to accept the conditions
proposed by the Old woman,
that he should write ehe foreign letters
for the future ; which he did to
be in the vVay, and that he might
thereby have an opportunity of preventing
mi lchiel : but in this he
was deceived ; toe Old woman, Phil,
and George, fpent every night together
in toe pantry, and he never knew
yvhat they were about.
Complaints now role very high, and
reached the ears ol the old gentleman,
who was then embatrasted in settling
an intricate account with a French
merchant who had wronged him greatly,
and sent bim menacing letters, by
every post, that he would give a letter
ol attorney to fome olhis clerks to
come over and commence a suit against
bim, and take out an excution against
all his effects ; these letters were accompanied
with some dark inuendo's,
that some night or other his bouse
should be burnt to tbe ground. The
old gentleman, upon this, consulted
his ton, (the most eminent lawyer in
the temple) who had before made good
his lather's title in a vexatious suit,
and who now affuredhimhe would
upon any other occasion carry his
eanle for him, though perhaps not
with costs. The next step Mr. St.
George took was to ensure his house,
and he lent to his country Seat lor a
watcr-engina, which he kntw would
play well in cale os need
MAGAZINE of M AGA^lNE ^
Will exclaimed among the other domestics
against this prudent step; and
Harry, who ought to have minded toe
Tallies ol the milk-lcore, &c. had the
assurance to give his opinion too against
the engine : This fellow had
never been a good servant; is desired
to carry up a dish to his master, he
was sure to dip his fingers in the sauce,
to try whether it was good and fit for
him ; andil bid to carry a lanthotn
before him at night, he did it fo as to
afford him very little light. He was
indeed too low and little Sor any other
but his first employment, arid Mr. St.
George was glad to part wish him on
this occasion. Affaiis were thus circumstanced,
when Henry Seeing that
the Old woman's cabal would ruin his
master, defired to he discharged, lest
he should bear the blame ol what he
could not prev'ent ; but he assured his
master whom he loved, that il any thing
should happen, he would be at hand
and contribute his best aid : This was
yesterday morning, and last night the
bouse was all in conlufion. On the
first alarm toe Old woman, Philip.
and George, conlcious that it was their
fault, and frightened out of their senses,
begged likewise to he paid off,
and the Old woman with tears in her
eyes said she would take nothing above
her wages : But this was only a
copy ol her countenance ; for it comes
out that she has procured a letter with
her master's largest seal to it, that will
be ol the lord knows what value to
her eldest nephew who bad before the
best bargain on the whole estate ; and
it is certain tbat she got no lels shan
four very beneficial leases, signed even
alter the fire broke out, and Since she
had given warning.
Will having now gained bis ends.
hegan to laugh in his sleeve ; he kne^
he should be called for, and resolved
to keep out of the way as long as pol*
fible : His master began to call nttt
Who's there ? But that being nobody s
name, he did not anfwer ; but wthea
be heard him cry out Where's Wills
he immediately ran to htm, 2nd on

condition that for the future he should
write the foreign letters, and that his
brother Gaukee should be first waterman
&c. promised his endeavours to put
out the fire. He likewise insisted that
the water engine should be sent away,
alledging that one of the fire-men had
stole an handkerchief The posture
of things admitted no delay t Mr. St.
George, though he diiliked Will agreed
to his proposal, and Wall instantly
went to bed in one of the out houses,
complaining that he was very ill.
While matters went on thus within
doors, a mob assembled without, Instead
oS Sailing to work to flop the
progress of the flames, they enquired
how it began • they damnld the Old
woman, they abut'ed Phil and George,
and even Henry fell under their dii-
pleaSurc for living in such a place.
Many were amazed to See the waterengine
going away, but the story of
the handkerchief" was Spread among
them, and they all roared out against
she pickpocket. Then they huzza'd
for Will.^ 1 have heard un talk in the
servant's hall, s'avs one ; A does not
leve money, lays another; Ftell you
lthat, fays a third, A refused half o
crown at tbe door from a foreigner—
^sy, is A refused half o crown,
he's able to p—Ss out the fire.—And
So they huzza'd, ^ ill for ever.
About this time henry Seized a bucket
of water, and wasjust going to discharge
it on the flames, when Will,
^•ha happened to run to the garret
^indow, cried out, what the devil is
shat fellow at .t —Lay down the buck-
^and hedamn'd to you,—What are
you ahaur ? —Do you want to throw
^ house down ? —I'll fee the whole
^'eet in a blaze before I'd work with
^eh a fellow. On this Will returned
^ his master, and told him he would
^e neither Water, nor the Engine,
^rthe buly Sellow, and iS he did not
them ail np p won't Seal your
^ts, by G^d.
^ n while a knot of people got to-
^ther
in a corner oS the street ; I allave
to hear these circular de-
^ J A N U A R Y . i^7. ^
bates ; the persons who formed the
council, were a Broker faom the alley,
a Whig, to which party the old gentleman
had always been a zealous
friend, a Tory, and an honest citizen,
• Mr. St. George is a good deal
• in my debt,' says the broker, ' and
• also to Several of my friends . He
' has lately taken up a gond deal of
• money upon bonds, and 1 wish he
• may have effects to pay ; I would
• not have him burnt out till 1 have
' got all 1 can by him—if he will give
• —per cent, we'll support his credit
' a little longer ; and that's all that
' can he done; for things will go on
' just the Same way, 1 Suppose. whe-
< ther Henry or Will write the fo-
' reign letters.' ' 1 hegvout pardon.'
< Says the Tory, ' if Will is hired,
• old St. George shall turn Tory, and
' that darnn'd expensive engine shall
' never appear again :' — • By G—d,'
' fays the Whig ' its my opinion
> you'd he glad to See the good old
, man burnt in his bed; iS the file
encreases, the water-engine would
^ have helped to put it out, and sinco
, Will will neither do one thing not
, t'other, l wish Henry would take
, up his bucket again witb all my
i heart."—Truce with your damn'd
disputes' cries the honest citizen ;
don't you See how tbe flames Spread
' —help neighhours, hear a hand, del
—the whole town will he in a blaze
—Sor beaven's Sake, bestir yourselves
-now in tbe time—you'll be surrounded
with robbers and pickpockets
presently— Pox to' your disputes
about Will and Henry —I
wish they'd both set their shoulders to
work— D— the Old woman and
her companions that let the fire get
a head before they gave the alarm—
We'll tofs her in a blanket, and
duck tbe waterman, and* the justice's
clerk shall stand in the pillory
or buy bimSelf off with his Cole,
which he's too fond of.—But for
G—'sfake let us have no disputes ;
but Sail to as beromes honest mer.
and good citizena."

What effect this had on Will is not
yet known ; there is a prodigious
fmoke, and the flames have not subsided.
If they should break out with
redoubled fury, they have a great
deal to anfwer for, who sent away the
water-engine. I sincerely pitty good
Mr. St. Geore, surrounded as he is, by
such servants. It were to be wished
there were a proper law to curb the
infolence of those sellows in livery,
who are made saucy by their exorbitant
vails. I am sure their conduct
will not stand the test.
P. S. It is now ten o'clock in the
morning, and the fire is not yet out :
Will has done nothing towards it, and
it is now said he will loon get into a
Tub to hold forth ; but what good
that will do I canlt imagine Heaven
preserve old Mr. St. George
Art Account of the articles in the last Vo/.
of the Philofophical Transactions,
concluded Srom Vol. KII. p 576.
A RtlCLE ^LIH. An account ol
all^. the success ol agaric in amputations,
&c. in a letter from Mr. William
Thornhill, surgeon to tbe Infirmary
ol Bristol.
He made use ol it in four amputations
; the first on an arm between the
elbow and the yvrist ; toe second and
third below the knee ; and the fourth
on the crural artery. In every case,
he says, it answered beyond his expectation
; the patients had little or no Sever,
and no lpalms at all. He has
likewise tried it in female cases with
great success.
^LIV. An eclipse ol toe monn,
March 27, 1755. at Elvas, oblerved
by J. Mendes SachettsBarbossa, M.D.
F. R. S.
Beginning ioh. 5t m. 15 Sap time.
End 13 h 27m. 4of.
^LV. A letter to George Lewis
Scot, Esq ; F. R. S. concerning the
number of people in England ; from
the Rev. Wm Brackenndge, D. D.
P. R. S.
The doctor thinks three ate only
two ways of discovering the number
of people in England, where at pre-
t^f M ACA 2 IN E ^
sent there are no capitation taxes ;
either by the number of houses, or
quantity of bread consumed. By the
former of these he computes the whole
number of people at prefent, all ages
included, at six millions, or perhaps
somewhat more : by the other way
he determines their number to be
likewise about 6 millions, and rather
lefs than more. So that, says he,
, it appears, that both these conclu-
' sions confirm each other, and that
' the number of people may be con-
, sidered at about six millions, or
< rather lefs, in which, according to
' Dr. Halley's rule, there will be a-
, bout fifteen hundred thousand men
< able to bear arms.
KLVE An attempt to explain two
Boman inseriptions, cut upon two ale
tars, which were fome time since dug
up at Bath, by John Ward, L. L. D
and V. P. R. S.
The altars themlelves are now in
the possession ol Dr. William Olivet,
physician at Bath, who tranlmittedthe
draughts ol them to Dr. Ward, and
since that he received casts ol the inlcriptions
in plaifter ol Paris.
The inseription upon the higher altar
Dr. Ward apprehends may be thus
read in words at length :
Peregrines sccundi st/ius, civis Trcvic,
Joan Ceesto, Marti, et Aeniethna, vothtn
Solvit /ibens.
The other inseription on the lower
altar, when expressed in words at
length, may be read in the following
manner :
Sulevis Su/inus Scu/tor, BruCeti fllir .
sacrum secit iihens merito.
The explanation ol each is song, ft^
ol citations from other ancient insert^
tions, and in a great measure, as sh^
Doctor owns, conjectural, wherefore
we reser to the paper irself.
KLVll. An account ol a remarkable
echinus, by Gust. Brandet, Fs^
F R S
This echinus is sol a Verysingillst
fpecies. It appears to Mr. Blander ^
he of a middling nature between she
ethinns and the star-fish; it came st^

se^ J A N U A
the East Indies, and he cannot learn
that it is any where deseribed ; he has
given a figure of it, but this is all the
account
KLVIII. An account oS the impression
on a stone, dug up in the ifland
Of' Antigua, and the quantity ol rain
fallen toere for 4 years ; in a letter
from the Rev. Mr Francis Byam
The quarry whence the stone was
taken is in the iulide ol a mountain about
3oo yards higher than the highest
water mark ; when the mason struck
it with his hammer, it lplit in two,
and discovered on each stone the exact
portraiture ol a fish which is called
an old wise
The depth ol the whole rain fallen
in the lollowing years was. In 1751,
^i inches 8 tenths; in 1752, 43
inches 3 tenths; in i753, 32 inches
8 tenths ; in 1754, 75 inches 1 tenth.
KLIK A letter to the Right Hon.
George Earl of Macclesfield, president
ol the royal society, concernig the
stones mentioned in the preceding article.
By Mr. Arthur Pond, F. R. S.
The impression ol this fish is in a
chalky kind ol stone, ol a pale ochrey
colour ; some parts, when scrapedt
are white, and all the impression is ol
a yellowifn brown. The impressions
os the bones and fins are very perfect,
and the cavity which contained the
hack bone, extremely sharp and delicate.
When it first came to Mr Pond's
hands two or three ol the vertebra
were in it, All the cavities ol the
banes are now sufficiently open to
contain them, and 'tis probable, that
most, if not all of them, were in the
stone when it was first Split. Between
the^ rib bones and toe two long fins
which camp down from the head,
which payt^ ^cyc only fleshy, there
is not any impression, the stone having
nailed quste through • and on^toe upper
part of toe fin, by ehe side of the
cheek, is a deep impression of a very
Small cockle-shell.
L. An account of the effects of
lightning in the Danish church, in
W all-Clofe Square, by Gust's Brandt
F. R S,
R Y, ^
On Monday the l ^ th of May, i 7 5 5 ,
between fix and seven o'clock, there
came an amazing flash of lightning,
accompanied by a clap of thunder,
that equalled the largest cannon in report.
The next morning the wire
and the chain which communicated
from ehe clock in the belfrey to the
hammer in the turret, were found
melted, and the fmall bar of iron
from the clock, that gives motion to
the chain and wire, just where the
chain was fastened, was melted half
through the bar, being three quarters
of an inch broad, and half an inch
thick. The pieces of wire and chain
were found scattered over the whole
belfrey, but it could not be discerned,
that the wood work or ought else had
suffered.
LI. Electrical experiments made in
pursuance of those of Mr. Canton,
dated Dec. 3, 1753 ; with explanations
by Mr. Benjamin Franklin.
The nature ol experiments in natural
philosophy is such, that by divesting
them ol any circumstance that
attends their execution, they ate rendered
altogether inconclusive ; sor
which reason they will not admit of
an abridgment : suffice it therefore to
observe, that these were made in Support
an illustration of the following
principles.
1. Electric atmospheres, that flow
round non-electric bodies, being
brought near each other, do not
readily mix and unite into one atmolphere,
but remain separate, and repel
each other.
2. An electric atmosphere not only
repels another electric atmosphere,
but will alio repel toe.electric matter
contained in toe Substance ol a body
approaclung it, and, without joining
or mixing with it, force it to other
parts ol toe body that contained it,
3. Bodies electrified negatively, or
deprived ol their natural quantity of
electticity, repel each otter (or at
least appear to do so by a mutual receding)
as well as those electrified
positively

7o M A G A Z I N E ofMAGA21NE^
positively, or which
atmoSpheres.
have electric
Lll. Extract of a letter concerning
eiectricity, from B. Franklin to Motrs
Dalibard.
Mr. Franklin acquaints bis correfpondent,
that he thinks father Beccaria's
Italian book one of the best
pieces on electricity in any language,
but differs from him as the cause of
water Spouts. Then he Speaks of the
impermeability of glaSs to the electric
fluid, the effect of' points in draw,
ing the electricity, and of the effects
of lightning upon the bell-wire of a
church, much of the Same kind ass that
deScribed in article L. foregoing
LIII. A letter concerning the effects
of lightning at Darking in Surry,
from .Mr. William Child.
July t i75o, between six and
seven in the evening, came a prodigious
flaffi os lightning, and instantly
with it tile molt terrible burst of thunder.
Tbe lightning entered a houfe
on the south side of the roof, and met
with a fmall crank. to which hung a
bell, and from the crack went a wire
both ways into tv.'o chambers- lt ran
along one of theSe wires, melting to the
. end, and leaving it, Split the polt of
a bed as if done with wedges. It
followed the courSe of the other wire
in every angle where it went, till it
reached the end, which was joined to
a string, to which hung a handle. But
the lightning's greatest force was perpendicular,
down the side ofa wall,
where it shattered the glasses of several
barometers, and entered the shop,
where it pierced thro' seven box irons,
foldered Several Small tacks together in
a elump, melted the Springs by which
Several long pendulums hung, and at
last Set fire to Some littered straw and
packing paper. The master oS the
shop was in it a^ the while, but received
no hurt.
L1V An accountoSthe great benefit
of blowing showers of fresh air up
thro' distilling liquors. By Stephen
Hales, D. D. F. R. S.
LI^ . An account of the great benefit
of ventilators, in many instances,
in preserving the healths and lives of
people in stave and other transport
ships. By Stephen Hales, D. D.
F. R. S.
LV1. An account of Some trials te
cure the ill taste of' milk, which isoccasioned
by the Sood oS cows, either
Srom turnips, cabbage, or autumnall
leaves, &c. aISo to Sweeten stinking
water.
A Pamphlet, entitles/, Pestections concern
ing instate moral Principles, written in
French by the hale Lord Bolingbroke,
we shall give our Readers theSodowine,
Abstract of it
| T 1 S lordship begins yvitb Saying,
p P that alter considering what he
feels within himSelS at the sight of
any one in distress, he is fully convinced
of the truth of the opinion he
had before maintained, that what we
call compassion does not proceed from
any instinct or innate impression, efsentially
distinct from the Sole and only
one he knows, wbieb inclines us
to Seek pleaSure and avoid pain, and
whieh is the chief spring of all human
actions. The very doubt, Says
his lordship, in which we were yesterday,
and in which l no longer remain,
is alone Sufficient to convince
us of the falshand of the proposition,
by which it is affirmed, that compassion
is an innate principle, or an instinct
common to the whole human
fpecies ; for were it true, how comes
it, that the truth thereof is not as
evident as the truth of that proposi-.
tion by which it is affirmed, that the
Jove of what gives us pleasure, and
aversion to what gives us pain, is a
principle born with every man, and
inSeparable Srom the human nature
ASter pursuing this argument a little
Surther, he enters into a comparison
between compassion and the love
children have Sor their parents; as
to both which, be Says, our error
proceeds Srom our not iussiciently considering
what we mean by an innate
idea, impression, or principle ; and
Sromossr Supposing, that it was com-
^unseated

J A N U A R Y,
municated to us at the lame time,
and by the same power or wisdom,
to which we owe our existence, only
because we cannot recollect how it
^.as at first formed. Let us there-
Sole, says, he, enter into an inquiry,
what we mean by compassion, and by
the lose ol children for their parents.
Ido we mean then, that its being the
duty of children tar love their parents,
and ol mankind to pity and assist one
another, are truths implanted by God
almighty in toe minds os all men, when
he gives them their existence ? This
would be too absurd, because the
ideas ol relation, and toe other ideas
oS which toeSe propositions are compounded,
are not innate, and consequently
the truths resulting from
thoSe ideas cannot be innate. Do we
mean, that theSe propositions are principles
oi' action, and as it were Springs
placed by the author ol nature in all
men at their birth, for exciting them
to Sulfil certain duties, and lot directing
their conduct ? The absurdity os
this is not so glaring as the otlret ;
^et, nevertheless, it yvill be sound at
the bartom to have as little truth ; for
il thole principles ol action are placed
in all men, why do we not fifld in
ail tnen their effects ? From hence he
concludes, that those principles were
not originally and uniformly implanted
by God in the human mind, but
that they proceed lrom the operations
os thole faculties which he has given
Us, and which are infinitely varied according
to the different dispositions os
individuals, the different manners of
nations, and toe different regulations
of governments.
1 le then brings Several examples os
people, who were in Some instances
entirely destitute either oS compassion,
^ oS love Sor patents, or children.
several nations in America, Says he,
castrated and fattened their own children,
in order to Seed the more voluptuously
upon them ; and according
to the report ol Garcilaffo de la Vega,
ia she r ^th chapter ol his first book,
there were in that part ol the world,
^ nations who killed toe mothers
as loon as
they left off, by child-
bearing, to furnish them with a more
delicate sort of meal than their own.
And it is not necessary to add, that
as they eat their own children, So
they made their prisoners beget children,
whom they caresully nursed up
to a certain age, in order then to cut
their throats o But it is proper to
oblerve, that among thole nations who
piqued theniselves upon civilizing others,
this principle ol companion r.o
way appeared. Figure to yourself.
fays his lordship, the Boman peop^
assembled in an amphitheatre, to fee
the gladiators fight; men, women,
and children, looking wishfully to See
the blood of thole wretches spilt, giving
shouts of joy at the fight of a
fword, gracefully, and according to
the rules of art, plunged by a gladiator
into toe heart of his companion,
and treating with extreme rigour even
the man who escaped. Figure to
yourself those very Romans, and also
the Grecians, expofing their children
in forests, or on mountains, and deaf
to their cries, as well as their innocence,
leaving them there to petish for
want, or to be devoured by wild
beasts. Among christians themselves
those enlightned, sanctified, elect, happy
people, who alone know the name
by which only mankind can be saved.
how many examples of cruelty, how
few of compassion, do we find? Figure
to yourself a christian army engaged
in battle, not with Turks, nor with
Pagans, but with Christians, not in a
civil war, nor in any revengeful dispute,
but in a war undertaken thro'
mete wantonness. a war in which
there is no hatred between the adverse
troops, but on the contrary, a friendship
Subsisting between individuals of
o ASl Such accounts given by the Spanish
writers, of the batheritv of the natives in
South-America. are presumed to be false. ae d
invented only to excuse the cruelties of their
countrymenln that part of the world ; because
we never herd of any fuch barbarities among
the natives of Nort -America. whithermany
of the sou hern nations fled from the mon.
strons cru clues of' the Spaniards.
the

72 T^e M A G A ^ i N
the one side and the other, and that
friendship Sometimes cemented by
proximity of blood ; yet what carnage
ensues, not only in the heat of action,
in that delirium to which creatures,
who pique themfelves upon being reasonable,
glory, in being subject, but in
cold blood. and.without any other motive
than their appetite, and that licentiouSneSs
yyshich the opportunity
presents. Consider the Mingrelians,
who without Scruple, without remorse,
bury their children alive t consider the
magnificent establishments which have
been provided at Paris, at Rome, and
in other places, Sor preventing, at least
In Some degree, the tragical effects of
the cruelty of fathers and mothers,
who, to save themselves a little shame
or inconvenience, expofe their own
children to be crushed by wbeel carriages,
suffocated in the kennel, and
eaten up with dogs I
From theSe examples he concludes,
that compassion can neither he an
innate principle, nor a principle of
action planted in mankind by the
Author of nature. But, fays he,
it may he objected, that we may
discover the universality of this principle
by observing what posses in
children, all of whom are Subject
to it, hecause they have not blunted
its edge, nor corrupted their nature
by contrary habits. This, he Says,
is the last intrenchment, and chough
it cannot be deSended, it will Surnish
an opportunity Sor discovering
the cauSe ofathe vulgar error, and
Sor shewing the true source of what
we call compassion.
He then explains at large what
be had before called the only innate
principle, and the main s p r i n g
of all our motions, namely our de-
' It is Surprifin^, the author did not observe.
thar t.te burying of children alive, or
tie e.peting them in forests, mountains, or
the Streets. proteed srom competitors. because
Use p-rerr.s could not bear to murder thean
with their ow n hands ; and in general, compaSSsonwill
always heve an effect, when it is
no- overpowered by baait , cr bySinrae c^antrar^
paSSion'ye .SSCctlou.
E of M AGa 2 1 N E ^
sire of pleasure and aversion to pain-
This, he lays, is very evidently the
only principle of action in a child :
if the father fondles^ him, and the
mother gives him iuck, he will love
them both extremely. Without this
no filial lovet on the contrary he
will fix his love upon his nurse, and
upon the footman that dandles hint;
and will hate buth father and mother,
if they vex him.
His lordship then obferves, that
nature has in children, as well as
other animals, attached certain external
signs to the inward sensations
oS pleasure and pain. When one
laughs, dances, and sings heSore a
child, it rejoices ; when one cries,
groans, and laments, it is Sorrowful ;
Why ? BecauSe its ideas of' pleafure
are revived in the one cese, and in
the other its ideas of poin. TheSe
are effects which are always produced
when the signs are Such as are
properly adapted fear the purpoSe, as
we may experience in other animalsl
may cry my eyes out, Says he;
yet Crony will remain unconcerned.
but let any stranger begin to htnd
by him, and exactly imitate thas
noiSe which he himSelf makes when
he is in pain, he yvill begin t^
answer in the Same tone, and she^'
that he actually suffers. No one
will fay, my dog has compassion, yet
he shews all the signs of it, and is
excited to shew thole signs, in
same manner, as the child is, that is
to say, the idea of pain is renewed in
the one as in the other.
His lordship pursues this compare
a little further, and then proceeds
to examine the appearances oS cot^*
passion in a more advanced age, alter
our reaSon is formed, and education
has had its effect. He ^
serves, that the habit of making a
proper nse of our reaSon and edu^
tion which trains us up in are2
morality, will never fail to la^
us with sentiments of benevolent
for mankind in general, and oS gr^
titnde sor inch particular person ^

f^r J A N U A R Y .
have given us pleasure, For fix- advantage in reaping the rewards of
ing those sentiments in our minds, Such a deed. But you could no: be
our reason and education eyen make prevailed on to prefer an unjust re-
ule of that principle which is the ward, to a just praise ; sor there was
chief lpring ol all our' actions, our no just cause to conlpire my dearh
lelS-love. They shew us, that this with my distemper. But I am at a
principle will at last more surely lofs how to proportion my thanks to
Sind its account in pursuing those the kindness to me, when I was in
sentiments, and performing our duty your power. 1 only can afnrm, that
accordingly than by any other me- your skill in phyfick is worthy that
thod : They make us perceive the God who first invented that art. But
heauty ol virtue and the deformity with my praises of your virtue and
os vice. In a word, those senti- your shill, I have sent some testimoments
are lometimes so riveted, that nies of my love and value sor you ;
thev become habitual and appear to 4 phials of pore gold, 2 silver bowls
he natural, as indeed thev are in of antique work, io pair of goblets,
the lenfe oS thoSe who defined wis- zo untouched virgins, and 5o,ooo
dom to be the art ol living ac- Artick crowns. And I have ordered
cording to nature. And it would Tucer, that out of my revenue he
he eaSy to shew, how from those pay you the Salary of a captain of
lerrtiments we come to appropriate, my galleys, of my guard, and other
as it were, the misSortunes of others, officers in my army, a return too
and in short, how the moral cha- mean for so great a benefit ; but let
racter, which is but a gralt upon this gratitude make some amends,
the natural, comes in many cases to since I ^m myself too poor to be a-
he mistaken sor the natural, which ble to pay what the obligation de-
it indeed corrects, but never entire- serves. Farewel.
^letter from Phalaris,
the famous ^Tyrant
of Agrigentum in Sicily, to Po-
Jyeletus a Physician, a /miring his
Honour in curing a Tyrant, &C.
I AM at a stand, Polvcletus, what
I 1 ought most to admire, your skill
ot' your honour t your skill gave you a
^erover the health and lasery of a
tyrant's life, and your honour van-
^utshed the rewards os the murder ;
yotir .. s—— ^ust^ examining hoth theSe
^ings at once delivered Phalaris from
dangers, the force of an incuse
disease, ^ ^ yc^yda oS my
enemies. Von only had it in your
^ver to have turned my death to an
•^vantage, if 1 had fallen in my dif-
^et, by assuming the merit oS kila
me ; and iS my disease bad sail-
| ^hile I willing madeluSe of what
^ u prescribed for the restoring
touh' ^ ^ much ease might
^
^ a,
^
e ^ ^ my hane ; which
have been of unlpeakable
XIII.
This Loiter we have inserted for the Sake
of the sel/owing Are scorer of PolycleruS,
heing a Defence of Liberty against
Tyrany, and remernhering Phalaris
lhai a Prince ought to have no Favourite
.- ldkewtse persuading him to
quit tyranny..
* a ^ H E gratitude of yonr temper
.I proves you not only worthy
the dignity you enjoy, but likewise
the benefit I bestowed, by t my a art, in
restoring you to your health. Real
Services to princes, are what are most
commonly least regarded ; while the
officious flatterer's venom is received
as zeal, and the Saithfullest adviser is
Sure oS neglect. Else it is the nature
of tyrants to love those most who de-
Serve least, as toe least dangerous dependants.
But, Sir, l conSeSs, I am
as great a lover of liberty, as any of
the Messenians, whom rav cure of you
has made fo loud against me, and
would do as much lor toe freeing Sici.
K ly

74 ^ t MAGA2IN E of M l t s . ^ l ^ ^
iy from that invidious dominion ; but
t^en I would not destroy one oS them
to purchase the name of villain. I
Owe all things to my country bu: my
honour ; my life l would lay doyvn to
def'erve it, and venture as far as any
man in the public caufe, but 1 find no
ration: l obligation to hetray* my trust.
I own it is my opinion, that the power
you possess, is against the right ot
mankind ; for certainly nature made
all men free, and though necessity
brought them to douse Some forms of
government for their mutual Security,
yet, whatever it was, it was the effect
of their choice ; fo that the magiit ates
they elected had their power from
them, ' and were by confequence accountable
to them. Jupiter and Fate,
to whom all mankind are equally dear,
could not make a multitude for one,
but rather one for a multitude. The.
good, eafe, liberty and safety of the
multitude, therefore, ought to be the
magistrate's chief aim ; and when he
deviates from that, to usurp a falte
grandeur, he beromes a public enemy,
and liable to he fo treated by all that
have any power to do themselves justice.
The not observing those regards
is what has made monarchy fo odious
to all the Greeks, who ate a fpiricous
and yvife people, not to be used as the
barbarous nations are by their tyrants ;
and that prince in any of the Greek
settlements, who shall be fond of despotic
power, may exercise it a while,
yet must not expect to escape always
their resentments. His very guards will
in time do his work, and deliver thofe
people by bis death, whom they oppressed
by his command when living.
For that power, which iswith the con-
Sent of the people, is more glorious
and more lasting. For is it not more
glorious to command over men then
beasts ? And can any government os
violence, that lets all hands and heads
to ysrork to pull it down. be so lasting
and firm, as that which every one is
concerned to defend even for their own
fake:. I kuow tyrants are often excused
for their male-aduiinisttation,
by throwing their ill actions on their
favourites. But, O Phalaris 1 belieye
me, that prince that will have any favourite,
will never be popular, nor ever
attain the true end of government ; for
he will lean to the instigations of the
favourite though to the ruin of his propie
; the Savourite having always private
ends to drive on, too distinct from
the public good t But a prince ought
to be the common father of his people
; and he that is not fo, is anfwerable
for the transgressions of his iavolirites,
fince he transgresses the end of
his government, by having any Savourite
at all. Though this be my principle,
yet l can never do an ill thing to
promote it ; and to have murdered yarn
on your trusting me with your liSe,
might have pleased Some, but must justly
have gained me infamy enough among
the wise and the good. And a*
gain, what advantage to Agtigcnttim
should l have done ? By removing you,
made way for another, who might hare
had left less moderation and goodneSs.
For Agtigentum, that could Suffer any
tyrant to reign over her, will never he
without one ; and if she must have
one, it is happier for her to have Phalaris,
than any other. Your presents
are truly royal ; your Thericlean gohlets
very .useful, and the antique work
os your bowls worthy admirations
your twenty virgins very beautiful ;
and your salary exceeding magnificent^
the Attick crowns l have divided among
the virgins in marriage ; and ths
salary I must not meddle with, lest tth*
ing pay Srom a tyrant, l should lastly
bring my principles into question : your
phials and bowls are monuments enougb
of your gratitude, winch, wisea
we sacrifice to Bacchus, wilJ.ai^
bring you in our minds. I wish I c ^
as. well cure your mind of the dalles
per that debilitates it, as I did
bodv osthat which brought you so
You have a soul, you have wisd^
you have reason ; and how can
these he satisfied with oppressing ^
kind, and living in perpetual apprs^
floras of tho assassinator's stab ^ ^

^ A N U A R Y,
not more noble, more worthy a great
soul, to be a benefactor, tban an oppressor
of" men ? The gods that made
us, prove this : la there, or can there
be any thing more excellent, more
wonderful, or more wise than Jupiter
? And yet he it is tbat has made
all the delights and benefits of the universe
for the happineSs oS man. He
chutes to be our benefactor, and rules
us not without regard to the rules ol
reaSon.
Imitate the gods, consult your wisdom,
S'ollow your reason, set Agrigentum
free, and doubt not your own
Safety; for Should you die. you had
better die beloved by men than hated
by them, doing rather good than ill ;
and in a word. delivering your country
rather than opprefling it. Your
country, l say; for though you are not a
native ol Agrigentum, yet while you
govern it, it is peculiary yours. You
praise my honour in not betraying my
truSt ; imitate what you praise ; you
are intrusted with the liberty and happiness
ol Agrigentum. destroy her not
for the rewards of" tyranny, theSoolifh
witchery ol a deSpotick command ;
betray not the publick trust Sor a private
gain, Sor bad I betrayed a private
trust for a poblick gain, Phalaris had
heen now forgot. But this is a distemper
no herbs can cure ; the gods
alone can heal a distempered mind,
which, in return lor your presents, I
wish they may. Farewel.
from a Statelman retired from Court,
to rry Lend , in Comniendirtirn
of a Country Lose.
My lend,
^OCLD I think you capable ol
^^ insulting me in this my absolute
retreat from all polite and modish part
os society, when you request from me
2 detail of my solitary amusements ;
ha one should exact a more severe satistaction
: but, as l have no reason to
question your former friendship, l shall,
^tthtny usual undisguised openness,
by before you my manner ol lite, and
^ is is agreeable to one of my years,
worn out with the fatigues oltoe state,
and cloyed with the ways oltoe world.
I never was So Sensible ol my own
dignity ; abstract Srom business or diversion,
my mind retires within itself,
where it finds treasures, till now, undiscovered
; capacities formed Sor infinite
objects, desires that stretch themselves
beyond the limits ol this wide
creation in Search ol the great original
ollile and pleasure. I must tell you,
my Lord ! that l find new powers exerting
their energy, and employed on
such exercises, to which, till now, I
have been a stranger.—How olt have
you and l rallied the remembrance of
our religious duties, and put the sacred
ttuthson a level with toe poets
roSy bowers, myrtle shades, and Elyiian
fields ! but now l am convinced, That
the foul is immortal, and capable oS
celestial joys, and triumph in the privileges
ol my own being ^l rejoice to
think, that the moment 1 began toexist,
l entered on an etetnal state, and
commenced a duration, that shall run
parallel to that ol the supreme and self
existent mind.—This prolpectanimates
me with a divine ambition ; and casta a
reproach on all created glory, which
we have bern So long and So anxiously
looking after. The world vanisheth ;
its charms and soft allurements ate
no more ; a veil is cast on mortal beauty
; the spoil is broken, the enchantment
dissolved ; and though l am every-wbere
surrounded with causeless
enemies, nothing gives me So great
trouble as the loss of so much time in
the pursuit ol perishable objects.
Perchance you may lmile, and take
this for an imaginary triumph, or sort
ol cowardly insult, in the ablence ol
an enemy* and may think my contempt
ol grandeur appears with an ill
grace in one that enjoys a considerable
estate, and a grand equipage, and
many other tokens ol bis Sovereign's
favour for the services done to hls king
and country. But this my Lord! ia
what has given me a just opinion ol
the world and ol mySell: a Constant
Series of Success and .prosperity has
a K < convinced

Tt^t M A G A ^ 1 N 1
convinced me, that the yvhole creation
cannot make me blessed. My ambitious
designs have never been disappointed
t I have been So vain to apply
to my own power that awful Sentence,
By rne Kings reign, In love l have
always been fortunate. But whatever
pleasure 1 puri'ued, the enjoyment always
undeceived me. or disgusted me.
.—^—Sometimes I was too ysife, Sometimes
too capricious to be pleaSed. ——
f have tried all the vanities beiovs the
fun ; and there is left no novelty to
flatter me 1 know the utmoSt that
beauty and greatness can give, and am
cured of love and ambition by experimental
evidence.
Your Lordship has been witness to
many of these truths which 1 recollect
in this Seat of retirement. You cannot
forger Eustatia ; the admired Fustatia,
in whose poSfetlion my youthful
tiavs promised themselves lasting yoys.
liow did 1 adore her! you can
tell with what eagerness and anxiety I
ruitfued her virtue. But her yieldlag
beauty. by granting my desires lost
my esteem t her charms vanished t her
wit was impertinence, and her artifice
diSgusted me t and this, in a great measure,
put a period to my galSantries.—
I could thenceforward look upon
women, without any temptation to idolatrv..—Balls
and assemblies, dancing
and dres's. were no longer the
subject of my Serious application ; and
I yielded an implicit assent to thoSe
petit naaitres, whose talents lie in discussing
the important controversies,
who Sings best at the opera ; performs
best at the play-houf'es ; entertains us
more agreeably at Vauxhall and Ranelagh
; or who supplies the town belt
with masquerade dresses, when they
are ashamed to turn fools in their usual
habit.
But these soft follies were only discarded
Sor more Specious vanities.——
Distinction and power titles and e-
^uipages now fill mv thoughts.—Ambition
took full possession of my foul.
—lcloathed myi'elf with patriotism:
and as the circumstances of the times
of M A G A 2 1 N E S
concurred with my scheme, 1 presently
harangued myself into esteem : and,—
you must remember that remarkable
debate,—by a well timed opposition,
and constancy,—made my adversaries
think it worth their while to gain rne
over at any rate.—From such beginnings,
l reached the envied height,
and made myi'elf gloriously miserable.
-r.-l jumped into tbe saddle, Wbere 1
expected the consummation of all my
wishes. But this very period, from
whence l hoped to date my happiness,
begun with distrust and anxiety. Forsaken
by my patriot friends, 1 sound
myself Surrounded with flatterers and
mercenary dependants : and my sleep,
as well as my daily attendance on the
state, disturbed with courtiers, dispatches,
intrigues of tbe cabinet, and
outcries of a discontented people loading
me with the blame of thofe evils,
which you are sensible would never
have fallen upon them, had my moderate
and more wholesome opinion been
approved.^rMy discontent under these
vexations was grown almost insupportable;—and,
indeed, I must very Soon
have been borne down under Such a
weight, had not kind providence releafed
me ; and made my enemies the instrumentsofdoing
me that good, which
I was not able to do for myself. It was
a happy coalition, nay Lord ! that Set
me free, and took the burthen upon
their own shoulders.—What advantage
they have got by it, I .know not :—S'or
my own part, I have gained a joyous
retreat, surrounded with a ehartning
variety of woods, open lawns, and
flowery vales- in their uncultivated
beauty. Here l rove unattended and
free with no circumstance of grandeur,
but the conSciousoefs of a reasonable
and immortal being.
I have tried what delights were to
be found in madness and folly; and
am now in pursuit of what wisdom and
philosophy can yield. In the fair
creation I trace an Almighty power,
and fee the immense divinity impressed
on all his works. And as
a s p e c i m e n of those thoughts which

fttr JANUARY, 1^.
mv retirement inspires me with, read l this morning addressed the great lpithe
Sullowing, Soliloquy, with which tie olnaeure t
Ye woods and wilds, receive me eo your shade !
These Still retreats my contemplation aid :
From mortals flying to your chaste abode,
Let me attend the instructive voice ol God !
He lpeaks in all ; and is in all things Sound ;
I hear him, l perceive him all around :
In nature's lovely and unblemish'd lace
With joy his Sacred lineaments l trace.
O glorious heing ! O supremely Sair !
How Sree, how perfect thy productions are !
Forgive me, while ^ith curious eyes I view
Thy works, and boldly thus thy Steps pursue :
The silent valley and the lonely grove
l haunt: but oh 1 'tis Thee l Seek and love.
'Tis not the chant ol birds, or whisp'ting breeze,
But thy soft voice I seek among the trees :
Invoking thee, by silver streams I walk,
To thee in Solitary shades I talk.
I Speak thy deer lov'd name, nor Speak in vain ;
Rind echocs long the pleasing sound retain.
Reviving lweets the opining flow'rs disclose,
Eragrant the violet, and the budding role ;
But all their balmy lweets from thee they steal,
And of thee somewhat to my lense reveal.
Fair look the stars, and sair the morning rav,
When sust ehe fields their painted lcenes display.
Glorious the sun in his meridian height !
And yet, compar'd to thee, how saint the light !
Ador'd artificer! What skill divine!
What wonders in the wide creation shine !
Order arid majesty adorn the whole,
Beauty and life, and thou to' inspiring soul :
W hatevee grace, or harmony's expressld,
On all thy works, the God is there conlessld :
But oh ! from all they works how lmall a part
l o human minds is known os what thou art ?
Fancy gives o'er its flight in search ol thee ;
Our thoughts are lost in thy immensity.
^ Lord, such are my thoughts, forget to behave myself with civility
^ Such my resolutions ; and though andrelpect, which the good and vir-
labouring very hard to get clear tuous have a right to demand from
' ^ vanities of life, I hope I shall not Your Lore.ship's most devoted, &c.
F O E T I C A L E ^ AV^.
PL Y and T R O U T.' Behold S as largest growth a fly,
Adown the stream came glist'nrneby,
' ecaeiem eo^miir. Hoe. Od H. a, The Smaller flies amon^.
. In Sportive arr it Spread the tail,
A yon Stream, the other day. And, o'er the rett, the flying ^ale
^ttb'd by the murrrUrrn^currerit's plav, It caught with Seeming pride ;
1 tt^asseSs ltroli'd alat^ ; " * Swiftly it ikims the clay Stas waves,

7^ T^t M A G A ^ I N E of M A G A 2 1 N E ^
Now in the purling eddy latres,
More linoesthly now it glides.
What joy 1 it Said or Seem'el to Say,
Thus on the Sparkling streain to play,
And quit the fields ol air;
How dull, becaase on wings theay-rile,
la yonder csowaS of vulvar fhe^,
To float fittr ever theee.
Still set tho timid Sordid essay.-
The lame old beaten track purfue,
Nor tempt one new delight ;
1, dare to litre, to live s know,
And ^rafp at ev'r^e joy belote ^
No fancy'd ills affright.
While thus he tu.-r'd his idle sent.,
Born by thochrytlal Stream alon^,
A trout defer ied tbe prize ;
And upward darting, Swift as thought,
The vain, tbe boasting inSect caught ;
Tbe boatlinginsect oSies.
I rraark'd his Sate, S lin^te my breast,
Deep be the leSfon these imprest,
Which thus my genius c^ave ;
Tbe wretch who quits the path aflign'd,
To taste forbidden joy, shall find
New ways to reach the ^rave-
PR O L O G U E to the .^lcrta-^
Writ by Mr. Derrick, and Spoke bv Mr. Smith
'^Y ^hile Gallia's arms triumph.rrt trophies
VV boats,
And hostile banners brave Bertannia^ esaaft ,
While tyrant posv'r atSests a tasvtels rei^n,
Uturps new wo Sdr. and arrer^ates the main ;
What British heart but ^lows with gen'roua
r^ea ?
What britiSh arm but trembles to engage ?
The peafant hand the peaceful flail difdains,
Now ^ratps the Sword, and pants sor noble
plains.
The merchant cries, " revenue your country's
wron^."
< Revenue' re-eceoee from each honest tongue.
Rouze britous, rouze S at Geor^e's^reat command,
Now Sorm the free born phaSaeax thro' the land;
Too firm to fear, teso ^en'rous to betray-^
Who fi^ht for freedom ; and thro' love obey.
Hail, virtue'^ fon^ -S be Such, and luch alone,
Th' immortal guardians of a Bruntwick'a
throne !
While Gallic Slave in martial bondage beed;
Whole war is murder,--and whoSe ^lory bseac;
Ei^ht for a monarch whom no laws can brnd,
And roam the vagrant butchers oS mankind.
^uch hosts in vain Shall menace freedom's
shore,
He Britons still what Briton, were of yore,
When royal Edward broke the tyrant line ;
And captrve crowns p^l'sdeussenton hi, coin.
^ This play was acted to augment the charity
betpun by the marine Society for cloathing
poor boys, and fitting them for the tea.
The patriot fire fresm beeast to breast Shall rtan,
Our ions Shall finish what our Seres be^un.
Nor can we doubt Briiauia's future fame,
Whilst her Sair daughters San the rifing flasne^
Whilst youthful bands you pious care confess,
tinateh'd Srom the tempting dangers of iiiit
refs ;
Rais'd by your bounty, infant warrior, Sprier^.
Wa^e easly war and vindicate their king,
O'er Subjects Seas aisee t his Saw Seal reign,
And rife the future Warrens of'ihe main ;
Then eccboing cheers from each victories
crew
SSshall hail she hero whom they owe to you.
To a Lady on her Maaiacsa.
l^S H 1 L E thourthtlef^ Sair ones with vain
re paflion doat,
On the ^ay plume, or military coat -,
While the sonaf heart, or giddy fancy's fruit,
With SSau^ht'ring chief, or the rrrore tlaar^titring
wit a
You Madam, fway'd by reafon's Sacred voice,
Made the humane philoSstpher your choice i
Wifely bellowing on the man of truth,
The charms of beauty, innocence and youetb-,
Yirtue with temper, wit with candour
join'd,
Honour, that flcaWs from rectitude of rerind .
The head judicious, heart Still kind and tree,
Distinguish hrm, whom heav'n referv'd foe
you.
The royal Sa^e, unrival'd in renown,
Whole wii'dom shone lar brighter than Sr^
crotyn,
Has, more than once, this certain .jud^meiit
^iy'n,
• A prudent wife's the a'ift of bouateoras feea-
v'n-'
The heav'nly ^ift yous fpoase receives with
pride,
Views the good wife in the deas bloomy
bride.
While you with pleasure may his worth re-
^rcS, ^
And Secto this maxim of our famous bard .
' A wit's a leather and a chief's a rod ;
, An honest man's the noblest work of troete
Yous prude race in your well judg'd cboeao
is Shewn ;
Rewarding merit you enhance your osvti.
That union, sore, compleatly blest must pasr^
Whrch founds on virtue just esteem and lose -
Happy, thrice happy ! may ye bo thro' life
Hef the best husband you, the kindest
Accept thole ^ratul^ions, void of arts
My hand trantcribes tho language of my be^
Nor wait 1 for Apollo's tuneful aid,
Nor inspiration of Pierian mard ; •
Nor Hymen call, to blefs the nuptial day.
But ardent wishes in few words convey
Soft, light and eafy, be the marriage yotce,
May the neat ctat'ry see the chain aai^

fttr JANUARY, 1^.
On Y r e.T v z.
'^'^O joys of lenSe, like conScious geodneSs,
la pteaSe,
tcetore bright than glory, and more Soft than
ease ;
la proSpect treach'rour, ttroSe inehant the
eye,
Yet, when appaoach'd, illufrve, fleet, and
die :
StrlS otber^ Spring, still ptease, and cheat the
Same,
While hop'd tor mountains, when pofSeSs'd —
a name ;
Set charms a cloud, with ev'ry colour ^ay,
When, Srcsm afar, it breaks the Sev'n fold
ray ;
Bctr, if tne reach it, we diSeern no more
fhe flatt'rin^ co'oure^ lo- admir'd before.
'Tis virtue ringning in the ^en'rous heart,
Alesne cara true Substantial bliSs impart ;
Tie^ this, strong-beaming, tho' our noon be
past,
Brds'lafe'c Short day be Splendid to the last;
Charms pain and SrckneSs in the Saint and
Sapo,
And melts^ to joy, the hoar of frozen age t
In want, content (unenvy'd wealth) bestows,
In SiekneSs, patience, and, in pomp, repoSe :
Alt tenders riSe at her invoking breath,
A life of rapture from the wound of death,
K
^StOLtyGUEto AMPHITRYON^
A PlaynS Mr. Dryden's now revived with
Alterations.
' l'*Hrs ni^ht let buSy man to pleaSure Spare
•a- Far hence he Searching thought, and
pining care ;
^r hence what e'er can agonize the Soul,
^ueS, terror, rage, the dagger, or the bowl !
he ecrmie masrc, a ^ay propitious pow'r,
rr dimpled laughter ^ives this mirthful hour,
lhe Scenes which Plautus drew, to-inght
we Show,
l^chd by Moliere, by Dryden taught to
Wi^ " " ^ evil days his genius roSe.
Wheni wet znd decency were constant Sesea :
Wl^. ^lefil'd in manners and in mind,
e'ev he loaaght to please, diSgeac'd man-
l'eed ftom his faults, we bring him to the
^ fair ^
^ e once more his claim to beauty's
fh
^ ^ ^ ^at yes or praise bestow'd -,
^ our Virtue from pour virtue dow'd.
Brat there are Some— no matter where thev
tit
Who Smack'd their lips, and hop'd the laseious
bit.
TheSe claim regard deny it they that can—
e' The prince of darknc.ls as a gentleman l"
Yet why apologize ; tho' tbeie complain,
They're free to att tbe rest ot' Drury-S.ane.
To these bright rows we boast a kind intent;
We Scsu^ht their plaudit, and their pleaSure
meant.
Yet not on what we give our Same maast riSe ;
In what we take away, our merit lies.
Cin no new Scarce beitow 'ci we SOund our ctaim ,
To make Wit Honest, was oaas only xsm -
sf w-e Succeed, i'ome praiSe we boldly aSk
To make Wit Honest is noeaSy task.
On the Death ofa Friend.
A ^s when the Kin^ oS peace and Lord of
.ST love,
Sends down Some brighter arr-eS scom above.
Pleas'd with the beauties of tho heav'nly
guest,
A -while we view him, in full glory drest ;
But he, impatient, Srom his hoav'en te,
stay,
hoon disappears, and winge his airy way :
So didst thou vanish, c-artes to appear,
And shine, triumphant, in thy native
sphere.
Yet hadst thou all that virtue can bestow.
What the geod practise, and tho learned
know t
All that the Soul to eztaSy inspires,
W hn lost in Serve. the pteaSingly retires ;
^uch transports as thoSe heav'aaly mortals '
share,
Who know not whether they are mounted t
there,
Or have brought beav'n to meet thom in a 1
pa ayer.
How Shall 1 praiSe, how make thy virtues
known,
By ev'ry tongue commended but thine own?
Strong were thy thoughts, yet reason bore the
Sway;
Humble, yet learn'd ; tho' innocent. yet
^y ;
All autumn's riches in thy Spring were
found.
And blooming youth with hoary wiScinm
crown'd ,
Yet, tho' So fair the flcrw'r of life began,
It wither'd e're it fipen'd into man.
Thus, in the theatre, the Scenes unfold
A thoasand wonders, ^Sorious to behold
And here or there, as the machine extends,
A hero riSes, or a gnd deScends r
But Srooti the momentary pleasure flies, And

^rc M A G A 2 1 N E ofMAGA^lNE^
And the gay Scenes are ravish'd Srom our
eyes.
Trantctend, ey'n after death, ye great, in
show ,
Lend pomp to ashes, and bo vain in woe ;
Hire Substitutes to mourn with formal cries,
And bribe, unwilling, drops Srom venal
eyes -,
While here Srncerity of grief appears.
tSilence that Speaks, and etesquence in tears !
While , tir'd oS life, we but conSent to live,
To shew the world how chearSully we grieve !
UnfeSs the Soul a wound eternal bears,
inghs are but air, but common water,
tears p
The proud, relentleSs, weep in state and
show
Not Sorrow, but magnificence oSwoe-
Thus in the fountain from the seulptor's
hands,
With imitated life, aa image stands;
From rocky entrails, tbro' his ftony eyer,
The mimic tears, in Streams incctlarrt
rise ;
UnconScious, while aloft the waters ties v.,
Tho gazers wonder, at a public show.
Ye Sacred domes, in frequent vifit,
tell;
Thou court where pod lwmSelfi delights to
dwell, ,
Thou mystic table and thou holy feaft,
How often have you Seen the Sacsed poeft ?
How oSt his So at with heav'nty mantra
Sead,
His faith enliven'd, while bis fin lay dead?
Oh may the thought his friends devcrtioe
raise '
Oh may he immitate as well as praise I
Awake, my heavy foul, and upward fly,
Speak to the Saint, and meet him in f
the Sky, e^
And aSk the certain way to rife as hi^h. s
H I ^ T O R I ^ A L M E M O I R
A succinct Relation of the Manner in
which Slate .asters in Germany have
ebanged Face fince the Peace of Aix-la-
Chapelle.
HEN the crown ol England
y y made a separate peace syith
France at Aix-la-Chappelle in 1748,
to which the honle of Aultra was to
be compelled to accede, and of which
that house was the victim, England
thought o make it amends by getting
the archd. Joseph elected king of the
Romans.
For this end, it was agreed that the
king of England should take the assair
of the election upon himself, and negociate
it at Hanover ; that the election
should be made by a majoriry ;
that it was indifferent whether they
obtained the votes of the elector of
Brandenburg, and the elector Palatine,
or not. But, in order that they might
have nothing to fear from the king of
Prussia, who might, as elector ofBrandenburg,
take umbrage at this methnd
ofproceeding, it was agreed that Rul-
six should advance a numerous army
to ins frontiers, under pretext ol deforce
; and that the house ol Austna
should keep its armies on soot, Thus
the alliance between England, Austria
and Russia, appeared very considerable
and very stron^.
As soon as it was known in the empire,
that they were labouring to get
a king ol the Bomans elected, the
king ol Prussia took the alarm, and
wrote to the king ol France that scarce
was peace restored, when the two ladies
of Austria and Russia were leek*
ing to begin fresh disturbances, and
to get a king of the Romans elected
out of season, and without necessity i
and what was still less allowable, to
render the imperial dignity in a manner
hereditary by means ol foreign
armies, such as that ol Russia, and
entirely extirpate the Germanic lihet^
ty ; that as this was contrary to the
fundamental laws, to the liberty, the
honour, and rights os those elector
and princes who were to be slighter.
the king of France, as guaranty at

J A N U A R Y .
the peace of Westphalia, ought to
endeavour to prevent it.
At the fame time it was insinuated
to the houses of the ancient princes,
Such as Sweden, Denmark, AnSpacb,
Bareith, Hesse-CaSfel, Wurtemburg,
and others, that it had heen Secretly
agreed to make the emptessoSBussia a
member oS the Roman empire, with a
Seat and voice oS the dyet, by yielding
to her rh e country oS Holsten,
with permission to keep as many troops
in that country as she should judge
proper; that a co-voter of this kind
was extremely dangerous to all the
houSes oS the princes, and especially
to the neighbouring princes, and consequently
ought never to be admitted,
that moreover, the houses of the ancient
princes ought to league together
against the grand alliance of Austria,
England, and Bussia ; revive their ancient
rights, which were reserved to
them bv the peace of Westphalia ;
and assert their title to he previously
consulted on the questions, whether it
was expedient to elect a king oS- the
Romans? and if it were, who ought to
he chofen ^ that the votes os several
electors were brought, and their claims
satisfied, whilst the ancient electoral
houses got nothing, their claims 'heing
reSerred from one emperor to another,
and never paid ; that in former
times the states of the empire
^ete either too weak to cope with
she overgrown power of the house
of Austria, or too negligent oS the
welfare oS their co-estates ; but that
he, the king of Prussia, would no
^ngrr suffer the oppression of the
^ermanic bndy, but would employ
his Sorces to prevent it ; and that
ae hoped to induce France to concur
Rith him.
^his language was very agreeable
the ancient princes, who had long
Wished Sor a protector. Several Criti-
^ pieces on the election oS a king
I she Romans were published ; and,
^t the king oS Prussia might gain
i ^ m she empire, there was pub-
^ m the French Gazettee of
Franc sort, in i 7 ^ i , a declaration made
by the king of Prussia to Count Puebla
the empreSs-queen's minister at
Berlin. wherein it was Said, that the
election oS a king of the Bomans by
illicit practices could not be Suffered ;
that the elector Palatine's demande
ought to be Satished ; and that, ashore
all, a perpetual capitulation
onght to be previously settled, &c.
The French court was at first of the
same Sentiments. The marquisS cle
Lamberti minister oS France at the British
court, cseelared in plain terms, in
1752, that the king his master would
he pleased to See a king oS the Romans
chosen, provided it were done
with the unanimous consent of all the
princes of the empire ; but that if the
rights of any of the members should
be infringed, he would be obliged to
support thera as a guarantee of the
peace of Westphalia.
The imperial ministers in the empire
sent advice, from time to time.
of the discontents of several courts at
the steps taken to promote the election
; and gave it as their opinion.
that the safest way would be to settle
the affair wn'th the states of the empire
amicably. After these declarationa
were made by the kings of France
and Prussia, the houfe of Austria
was inclined to adjust and Satisfy the
claims of the Palatine court, under
the mediation of the king of England
: But as the elector Palatine could
conclude nothing without the consent
of France, this negociation proved
unSuccefssuI. In the mean time the
king of Prussia formed a counterleague
with the houf'es of the ancient
princes, who were constituted the
principal party under the title of the
Germanic Body; and this league committed
the care of' the interests of
the Germanic empire to his Prussian
majesty.
After this, Sweden and Denmark
unexpectedly united, the princes of
the empire armed, and a new plan was
proposed, to the following purport,
that the peace of Westphalia was the
L latest

^ ^ MAGAZINE of MAGAZINE ^
latest foundation on which a regula- tries t that the electors ol Mentz and
tion os the Roman empire could be Triers should be Suffered to die 'ecclebuilt
; that tho' sive emperors had siaStics : but that, on the other hand,
died since that treaty was signed, the it should be enacted as an invariaexeaution
thereof had not bean duly ble fundamental law, agreeable ro
enforced : that tho' the iords, dukes, the stipulations of the treaty of Wetland
the other states could suffer it no phalia, that no change of teligicoa
longer, the Superior power of the house should be ever attempted in the feos
Austria had hitherto been the fole cularifed bishoprics: that by these
cause for dousing always one of that means the Roman empire would prefamily
to be emperor, the leffer states serve its ancient religion, and receive
being obliged by realon of this fupe- additional strength : that the eccleroir
power to acquiefce in whateyer laastical princes lived only for toernwaa
prelcribed to them. That it ought selves and their families, and not for
to be considered, that the Sorm ol the their country : that in several bishop
empire was not changed. That they rics a lay prince might maintain doitbehoved
to draw a new capitulation of ble the number of forces kept up at
the empire, and to preferve the fre- present: that France would have nodom
ol the election, as the most va- thing to fear from this quarter since
duable jewel, and not to suffer the im- when theseregulationswere once made,
perial crown to remain always in one an eternal friendship would be kept
family, but to put the treaty of West- with her &c.
phalia at last in execution. That by dt is well known that the secularisarhis
treaty three religions were esta- tion of the ecclesiastical territories is
blished : that every elector is eligible ; not a new project, but was brought
that it would not he uuiust to intro- upon the carpet in the time oS the
eluce an alternative Sor the imperial emperor Charles VII. It did not sue*
crown, by electing one time a catbo- ceed at that time, because the propollic
prince or elector, and then a pro- ed repartition ol them was not etestant
prince or elector. That this quitable ; and the princes who were
might easily he done by the following to have no shares discovered the
means: first, by retaining all the fiefs design. France, which desired to lee
that should become vacant, in order the house ol Austria embroiled whilst
to form the demesne of the king of allied with England> that She might
the Romans ; Secondly, by porahaf- with Iels interruption extend her
ing all the redeemable fiefs of the em- conquests in America, readily pm*
pire, of which kind the city of Nu- mifed the Germanic body her gn2"
remberg holds many : thirdly, by re- ranry.
uniting the Small towns of rheempire; We must on this occasion^ car*
and lastly, by Secularising the bishop- fully distinguish between the king of
tics: that a part of the latter Should England and the elector of Hanover.
by appropriated for defraying the ex- The negotiation hetWeen England an^
pences of the table of the kings of the the house of Austria was this : hn-
Romans, and the other part be divid- gland, having made a separate pe^e
ed amc.ng the neighbouring fecular at Aix without consulting the houle
princes t that the elector of CoIogn of Austria, offered to bring abaut
should be declared a secular prince ; the election of a king of the Bomans
that should he marry ; and that the e- in her savour, and afterwards to
lectorate should be insued to bis de- give her a subsidy. The boule ut
Scendant: that the bishoprics of Pa- Austria, did not accept the
derborne and Ofnaburg should be se- assured England, however, that lhe .
cularifed, and a bishop's see with a would keep up a gand understand^
proper revenue erected in toele court- with her, and stipulated that E ^

J A N U A R Y ,
^3
^iould not intermeddle in the barti- on, according to the treaty. Hence it
er treaty with the Dutch ; by which appears chat Hanover was obliged to
^ eied the amount of the offered abandon the Austrian cause which it
had at first choS'en, and league with
On the first appearance of a rup- the Germanic body ; which prevented
ture with France, England desired the the invasion os that electorate. After
empreSs queen to march a body of this treaty, the K. of Prussia declared
troops into the Netherlands. Her that he had done a signal lervice by deitrtperial
majesty anfwered, that she taching Austria from England, which
could not comply with this demand would facilitate the operations of the
onaccountof the king of Prussia. En- French, by keeping the Russians at
gland undertook to induce Ruftia, by home, and by strengthening the leagues
means os a subsidy, to keep a desen- of tbe empire by the accession of HafiVe
army ready to march in order to nover ; and rbat nothing now remaicurb
the king of Pruilia The house ned but to fix a proper place for oos
Austria not thinking this a Sufficient pening the theatre of the yvar, the
Security, England made a treaty with grievances of the empire being still
the king of Prussia himself. But the unredressed.
hnufe of Austria judged this treaty to The envoys of the protestants had
he incompatible with her interest ; and long held private meetings with all
tho' England maintained that the ob- freedom, and the league had visibly
flacles which Served her for an excuse the Superiority ; which was not to he
were now removed by the king of wondered at, considering what an army
Prussia's alliance with England, and might be assembled if' all the confedethat
nothing was guarantied to his rate princes, the kings of Prussia^
^ruilian majesty but what was his Sweden and Denmark, the electors of
right by treaties, and by the acts of the Hanover,- Palatine, and Cologn ;* the
empire. Austria, agreeable to her u- princes of Wirtemburg, Anfpadi, and
siral foresight, would not march a sin- Bareith. had marched, not their con-
^e company into the Netherlands, to tingeancles of the empire only, but
avoid giving any ground Sor the pro- their whole force, and had united with
jected yyar in the empire. their allies the French. The king of
^ ith regard to the elector os Hano- Prussia went so far as to ask the Swiss
^et, the case was very different. Cantons which side they would assist.
r ranee was ready, the year before, to But these referred to themselves a lieater
Hanover, not as an enemy, but herry of chufing their party according
^ a guarantee of the peace of West- to circumstances. The elector of Saxpnalis,
^nd an ally of the Germanic ony was not to he suffered to remain
hody, which wanted to punish ehe elc- neuter ; he was required to declare
^orol Hanover for having presumed himself. The ecclesiastical electors,
^ propole the election of a K. of che finding that they could not he protecttlomant,
which was so contrary, they ed by the houfe of Austria, were desi,
edged, to the liberty of the empire, rous os putting themselves under the
. So injurious to the rights of the protection of France ; and if the house
Ponces Thus of two evils the E. of os Austria would have come into the
rt wastccbuse the least. He made plan, she would also have been treated
^-^eaee with the K of Prussia , pro- with a couple of bishopricks,
i not to bring the Russians into In such critical circumstances what
^ e empire, by which he deprived Au- could he more desirable, than the uni-
^ ^ her great reSource, guaranti- on which we have Seen take place beand
promised aoo,o001. sterl* tween the houses of Austria and Bur-
^ to agree char the Netherlands gundy, which has been accomplished
be guarantied from an invasi- by the greatest of monarch^. Maria
'^bereSea

Tlaf M A C a 2 1 N 1
Theresea, who has rendered lo many
seeming impossibilities possible by the
treaty Signed the i 2th ol May. France
therein guaranties toe peace of Westphalia;
and toe Germanic body which
deduces all its grievances from ehe
peace of Westphalia, flattered itSelf
that it would receive succours from
France, because it was stipulated ehae
good offices should precede actual alsistanc.e.
It is certain, ehae ehe king
ol Prussia has carried the hew plan very
far ^ that the catholic religion is
in such a crisis, that its predominancy
in the empire is in great danger. Every
body knows that the imperial authority
consists at present in the bare
title osemperos. and that all the majesty
has heen assumed by the Germanic
body alone ; that lcatce any state
of toe empire observes his imperial
majesty's order ; that the king of
PruSlia intermeddles in almost all the
affairs oltoe empire ; and that he has
paid no regard to the two exhortalory
decraas os the emperor, relating to
the violences he committed against the
duke of Mecklefburg ; that the proposed
Secularisation would give a new
form to the empire, and toat all this
is manifestly contrary to the peace of
Westphalia. France guarantied this
peace to the house of Austria ; and
no doubt it is stupilated by secret articles
of the union between the two
houses, how far this guaranty is to be
made good.
Let us consider this affair in what
light we pleaSe, it is certainly the inrerest
ol France that the present lystem
Should be preserved in the empire,
where there are very many. and some
weak princes ; and that she would certainly
deviate from her interest, il she
favoured the secularisation fcheme,
and of course the augmentation ol the
power ol any house in particular, or of
the whole Germanic body in general.
For France ha: no reason to be apprehensive
ol a war from the house of
Austria ; and if the alliance between
that house and England be broken,
France is a gainer by that means also :
t^f MA GA^lNE^
For as the Austrian Netherlands make
no part of toe empire, who knows
but an agreement may one day he
made for Some part os them? England
is not in a good condition ; she will be
obliged to make an accommodation,
for the treaty with Prussia is nor univerlaly
approved os Austria remains
neuter ; Holland must necessarily declare
herself so ; Sweden and Idenmark
are in friendship with France,
as is also Spain. It depends, therefore,
upon France whether, and at what
time she will enter Hanover in her own
name, and as a guarantee of she
peace of Westphalia Although there
is a lavs of the empire relating to the
case of member's being attacked, the
houle of Austria may remain neuter.
Tbe kingdom of Bohemia, and other
estates belonging to toe house of Aestria,
were and are still territories of
the empire, and yet they have been
Over-run by princes of toe empire,
and protected by none : Let the king
of Prussia, in that case, fulfil his
guaranty of Hanover ; and as this
prince flattered the crowns ol Sweden
and Denmark, toat he would drive
the Bussians from under the eastemfun,
it remains to be seen whether the
Russians will Suffer their rout so he
prescribed so them through the terri'
lories ol Germany, and with what la*
tention they come. It is well known
that endeavours are uSed to strengthen
the good understanding between Bustia
and France ; it is alio assured that
Spain has actually acceded to the treaty
ol the union between France and
Austria, and has granted i2,ooom^,
and the last advices from the empire
tell us, that several princes will declare
for the lystem ol toe imperii
court.
O admirabile Commercium generis
humani ! cried the pope, with great
reason, when this union was sohappr*
ly effected.
The above extraordinary piece his
been handed about in Germany and
France, and has bern thought by .the
friends ol the court of Vienna, 2
a fic lent

ficient justification of toe new fystem :
We shall wave any remarks upon it,
and proceed to relate an attempt, that
by the horror oS it Spread every where
a general consternation : The particulars
are as soliow t On the 6th instant,
toe French king went from Trianon
to Versailles, to visit madam Victoire-
About fix in the evening, as his majefty
was just stepping into his coach to
return to Trianon, a man who had
concealed himsell between the hind
wheels, rushed forward, with his hat
on, made his way to the king's person
through the guards (one ol whom he
even moved against toe Dauphin) and
struck his majesty on the right side, ol
which however the king only complained
by saying, That man has given me
a violent blow, he must he eitoer mad
or drunk. But having perceived that
hishand, which he clapped to his side,
was bloody, he said, 1 am wounded,;
lelae that follow, but don't kill him.
His majesty was immediately carried
to his apartment. The wound (which
lrom the very first was not thought
dangerous) was given with a Sharp
Pointed knise, which glanced upwards
between the fourth and silsh rib, and
lsnotol any considerable depth ; and
at the first dressing, it was eyen judged
chat the cure would be spoedy. 'That
night toe king Slept an hour and a
quarter The villain who committed
this attempt, is named Damien. and is
2 native os Arras. The weapon he
made ule ol was sound upon him, and
Proves to be a common clalp knife
With two blades. At first it was feared
Ittnrght have heen poisoned, but he
aisured the contrary, and the experiments
that have since heen made with
it on leveral animals, have made good
his assertion.
Another unlucky incident has lately
Opened that has a little alarmed the
otttish nation : The commanding olos
the Spanish troops at Algeria rs
^ear Gibraltar, some weeks ago, dil-
Sketched a courier to bis court wito a
^plamt, that admiral Hawke bad
^itletne armed shallop: to carry off
J A N U A F Y, i^7.
from under the cannon of
that Sort.
an English vessel that had bern brought
in by a Privateer Srom toe coast of
France : that a produce ol this nature
having appeared to him incompatible
with the laws ol friendship, he judged
it his duty to oppose it with all his
power ; and accordingly he fired upoa
the English, i 5o of whom were killed
and wounded ; notwithstanding which.
the Shallops cut out the vessel, and carried
her oss to Gibraltar. He added.
that aSter the action, be received a
letter from the lord Tyrawley, governor
of the fortress, which was drawn
up in such unguarded terms, that he
thought he ought rather to lend it up
to court, than return an anlwer to
it,
This news a little surprized toe Spanish
ministry, who have intimated to
Sir Benjamin Keene. how inconsistent
such proceedings are with toe good
understanding which the two courta
have recently and mutually promised
to maintain. Sir Benjamin, being already
informed ol toe sact, made anlwer,
tbat tbe lea officers at Gibraltar
had long observed, with great vexation,
that Algeriers served as a retreat
for French privateers, to carry in to^
vessels they took on these coasts, even
under toe cannon ol toe fortress, nay.
and in fight ol the British squadron
riding at anchor there . that toe affair
complained of was of this nature ; that
he. nevertheless, waited for more precise
informations, too what he had already
received was Sufficient to prove
the hostilities committed by toe commandant
of S^lgeriers against the English
shallops, who were sent to demand
the English vessel, and did not
retake her by force, till a denial had
been given in such haughty terms as
might have made the Lord Tyrawley
think himlell intituled to anlwer it in
tbe same strain ; and as for tbe reSt.
the uprightness with which bis Britannic
majesty was accustomed to behave
towards powers in friendship and alliance
with bis crown, left no room to
doubt, but that, he would give fresh
proof^

^rc M A G A 2 1 N E
proofs of his care and attention to preserve
the gond understanding hetwecn
the two nations.
Divers accounts of this affair are
faid to be handed abeut at Madrid In
that transmitted by the English, they
affirm, that the restitution of the ship
in question was demanded in the most
civil terms ; but that the commandant
of Algeziers anfwered them with such
haughty expressions as favoured of a
menace t rhat the armed shallops, in
drawing near the shore, had made no
dispositions but such as were requisite
to seize the vessel ; but the Spanish
commandant fired upon then as if they
had been enemies coming to attack or
besiege him ; and that upon the report
of their officers, when returned to
Gibraltar, Adm. HaWke and lord Tyrawley
could not forbear sending a letter
to the commandant of Algeziers,
importing, " That his behaviour was
contrary to the rules of neutrality, decency,
and good neighbourhood ; that
he should answer for it before his sovereign
; and that whatever explication
or extention one might pretend to
give to the neutrality of a state, the
protecting of pirates against the subjects
of a nation with whom one Is
linked in friendship by treaties, was in
no cafe allowed." The commandant
of Algexiers, on the other hand, pretends
he has done nothing on this occasion
but what his duty urged him
to. with reSpect to the right which the
French have always had, to carry their
prizes into the ports of the Spanish
monarchy, from which Algeziers is
nor excepted, since it appears by the
marine registers, that many English
ships, taken by the French, at different
times, had been carried into that
place-
Authentic advices from different
hands inform us, that the Russian
army is marching through Poland in
three columns, amounting at least to
100,00o men ; on which occasion.
Count Bestucheff, high chancellor of
Russia, has wrote the following cirnlar
of M AGA^lNE^
letter to the primate, the senators, and
the ministers of the republic of Poland,
Sir,
" OUR Excellency is, no doubt
p^ already informed of all the
particulars of the king of Prussia's
hostile and s u d d e n invasion osSaxonv;
of the unheard of violencies and hor.
rible excesses he has committed there ;
as ^ell upon the poor inhabitants as
against the very person of the king of
Poland your master, and the royal family
; of the extreme necessity to
which his majesty has found himself
reduced, to retire into Poland, by Sacrificing
his heriditary dominions and
all his army; andofthe kingos Prussia's
irruption into Bohemia.
The king of Poland's deplorable
fate, for which the Prince did not
give the least handle, certainly* defers es
compassion suitable to the immortal
glory he baa purchased by the noble
constaney he has displayed in so melancholy
a situation^ and at the fame time
it ought to excite all powers, and eSpecially
his allies, to concern themselves
in earnest in an event of this
nature.
" The dismal consequences that
may result from this the king of Prussia's
unprecedented and rash step, as
well for the common repose os Europe,
as for every power in particular,
and especially for the neighbouring
countries, are so obvious, that the interest
and safety of each Sovereign absolutely
requires them to he upon then
guard, and by making it a common
cauSe with the powers involved an she
Same embarrassment, to take the pto*
perest measures, not only for prortiting
the courts So unjustly attacked, the
Satirsection that is due to them, but also
for prescribing to tbe too expense
power oS tbe king oS Prussia, Sack
bounds as may bereafrer he a Security
against the insults of that enterprising
and tutbulent neigbbour, who inde^'
ance to tbe most Solemn and taost lay
cted treaties, is intent upon nothing
but agrandiaing bis dominions. ^

I^r J A N U A R Y ,
The empress, my gracious sovereign,
considering the importance ol
so sad an event, and the ill conlequences
that may arise from it, and
having at heart the well-being and the
interests ol her allies, and efpecially
os his majesty the king of Poland, is
deeply affected, Sir, with the misfortunes
of this prince, who, on his
part, has not given the least occasion
thereto ; and not being able to behold
with indifference the equally dire and
fash enterprise^ ol the king ol Prussia,
she has taken the generous resolution
to Succour lpeedily and efficaciously
the king your master, by sending a
considerable body ol troops to his alfistance.
„ This corps has actually begun its
march under the command ol his excellency
held marshal Apraxin ; and
an iadiSpensible necessity will oblige
it to traverse part ol the territory ol
Poland, as your excellency must undoubtedly
have known already.
" All impartial lodges will surely
ahhor the king ol PruSha's cruel procedure
towards toe territories ol Saxony,
and towards the person ol the
king of Poland himSelf, and will do
.liiStice to her imperial majesty's geneloos
Sentiments, as also to the resolution
She has taken, which tends only
to defend her allies, and restore peace
tn Furope, by Settling it again in a just
equilibrium.
^
and to take the most salutary measures
for defeating the kingof Prussia's vast
and pernicious projects in Poland. Nothing
can better effect this, than the
restoring in this Kingdom the tranquillity
and harmony which it has so long
wanted, and unanimously laying to
heart the critical .circumstances of the
times. My most gracious Sovereign
has already given so many convincing
proofs of toe s i n c e r e affection she hears
to the republick ol Poland, andol her
sensible concern sor the good ol the
republick in general, as well as for that
of e^ch of your countrymen in particular,
that 1 doubt not in the least but
your excellency is fully persuaded of
it. I likewise flatter myself tbat you
W'illtakea pleasure in engaging your
countrymen animated with the Same
point oS"' honour and the love they have
for their king, to make the misfortune
of this prince prevail over domestic
debates and private animosities, toresettle
things in their pristine state, and
thereby to appose the troubles and
disorders ol their country ; measures,
which in contributing to relieve. the
king your master in his present deplorable
situation will iufallibly turn to
the advantage ol your counrty and of
the common caule.
I doubt not but your excellency
will, on your part, do all that lies in
your power to attain So Salutary an
end, by encouraging your countrymen
' 1 promise mylelfnothing less from . by your good example: your excelshe
zeal and attachment which your leney will enhance your merit in the
excellency has always manifested for eye of her imperial majesty, in not
she king your master, Sor the mainte- having let flip So favourable an oppornance
os peace in Poland, and for the tunity to prove your zeal and attach-
^pport os the good common cauSe. I ment to the king your master in his
^tter mySelS at the Same time that present lamentable condition, in which
torn excellency and your countrymen all the powers of Europe are interrested.
nor fail, by facilitating. in the Your excellency may rest persuaded,
oest manncy ye can, the march oS the that as her imperial majesty's good will
bady oS her imperial majesty's extends to every one in particular, So
through the territory oS Poland, it is Still greater towards the body in
^ render thereby a real Service to the general ; and that the Surest means
^ your master in his preSent me- to acepuire her imperial majesty's approlancholy
situation (a situation that ex- bation, consists Soley in gaining the
. ^ompasiion Srom every one who gand graces oS the king your master,
ses honour, justice, and his country)
by giving him and the republic too,
in con

^ ^ Tf^ M A G A ^ 1 N E t ^ f M A G A 2 I N E ^
incontestable proofs of your zeal and
attachment.''
I am, Sir,
Your Excellency's most humble,
And most obedient servant.
O. A BrstucatEFF-RuMlN.
Be. Perersburgh, Nov. i2, 1756.
What further confirms the ill-intenbons
of the Czarina towards his Prussian
majesty, is her late declaration
to the British minister, residing at Petershurgb.
HISTORY O^
Sat, Jan. 1.rT ^ Bight Hon. the
P Earl of Tankervile,
ordered a Slaughter of cattle in
his park at ChiIlingham in Northumberland
to he made, and, with a
proportionable quantity of bread, to
be distributed to above 600 poor persons
in that neighbourhood. And his
lordship has also given directions for a
considerable quantity of corn to be
bought and laid up, in order that (in
cafe the price should advance) the necessitous
may he supplied at a moderate
rate—Orders were Sent to Scotland for
raising 200o Highlanderain order to he
embarked for America, aa the Highland
regiments are found to he more
serviceable in that country than the
natives thenifelves ; who it Seems, are
become Sotimid, since Braddockls defeat,
that 3o Indians will drive abundredof"
them. The command of one
of the battalions of the Highlanders
to be raised for this service is given to
Col. Fraser, eldest fon os she late
Lord Lovat, who, 'tis supposed, will
raise them chiefly in his own clam No
Lowlander is to be accepted, and the
clans immediately in view are the
Cam phel Is, Mackenzies, Frafers, Mackelonalds,
Maclsphersona and Mackintoshes.
A/on. 3. The E. of Egremont was
pleased to distribute, among the poor
in tbe neighbourhood of Petworth, two
fat oxen with a proportion of bread to
The king of Great Britain having
desired the empress to mediate, in conjunction
ye^eih him, an accomodation
betyveen the courts of Vienna, Berlin,
and Drefden ; her imperial majesty excused
herself, as such a mediation on
her part would be incompatible with
the resolutions and measures recently
taken.
The first column of the Ruffian army
has already passed by Smoleniko,
and the train os artillery was in motion
on the i 1 sh of December.
OUF C W N IMESa
each poor person.
Tue/i 4 A most creel and unparallelled
murder was committed near Bedwick
in Glamorganshire, by one Edward
Morgan, ayoungman, who heing
invited, according ro annual cuftom,
to Spend the Christmas holidays
with his relation, a farmer inthacneighbourhood,
accepted the invitation, and
in the night-time first attempted to kill
the apprentice with xvhom he lay; and
then went to the farmer's hed-side,
cut his and his wile's throat, as alto
that of the unhappymanle daughter;
aster which he plundered the dwelling,
and fer both that and the out-houSes
on fire, and made his efcape ; but has
fince heen apprehended and committed
to goa|. About eight head of cattle,
together wish the beast-bouse and
dwelling house, were con Sitmed by the
flames-^^This is chiefly from the
Bash Journal ; the Gloucester Journal
lays, that the dwelling houfe, a barn
full oS corn, and a heast-house with
12 heed of cattle in it, w e r e found
burnt to the ground, and the fartner,
his wife, and daughter were either
murdered or perished in the flames'
Wed 5. Peter Molliers, late cap*
tain of the Gleria French prisateer,
was committed to Gloucester castle,
for stealing a diamond ring, value ^sh
the property of Mr- Curtis, a ie^
ler in Gloucester. • He had bought^
anctal yyatub of Mr. Curtis at the t ^

a^r J A N U
he stole the ring, which was Sound upon
him when he was apprehended at
Tharnbury, where he was upon his
parole.
^hurf 6. The French king was
stabhed in his coach as he vuas returning
lrom a visit. The assassin was immediately
seized, and hasbeen since put
to the torture, but no material discoveries
have been obtained lrom him.
Tyventy Lewis eaiors were sound in his
pocket, and a copy oS the- New TeStament.
The fellow, it is Said, sold
powders about the streets
Fri 7. An account ol the gross
duty laid on filter plate for the year
i756, was laid belore the house, and
amounted to 25,00ol. and upwards.
Sat. 8. By a proclamation made
this day for giving encouragement to
Seamen and able-berlied landmen to
enter themselves on board his majesty's
ships ol war, toe bounties are offered
ol 3 pounds Sor every able- Seaman, 3o
shillings to every ordinary Seaman, between
the age of 5o and 2o, and also
a bounty ol 3o shillings to every
able-bodied landman, between the
ageolthirtyfive and twenty, who shall
voluntarily enter themselves to serve in
the royal navy on or belore the 1oth ol
Eehruary next ; a reward is also pronosed
of 2 pounds sor every able, and
so shillings sor every ordinary Seaman,
who may Secrete themselves upon the
discovery made ol them, to be paid
upon their being taken into his majesty's
service ; also his majesty's most
gracious pardon to all deserters lrom
his ships, and the full payment of all
wages due to them at the time ol their
desertion, provided they return on
hoard any ol tbe king's^ ships on or
^elere the toth ol February next,—
She sarmers at Warminster market,
who purposed to have advanced the already
exorbitant price ol their corn,
^et with a remarkable disappointment :
he malsters from various parts, together
with those of the town, who
•Slembled together to the number of
threescore and upwards, made an a-
^reeruent not to t^tav any barley that
^t-e XIII, ^ ^ ^
A R Y, 1^7. ^
day : seyeral oS them iikewile declar.
ed that they were reSolved to quit tbe
malting business rather than suffer
themselves to be so notori. ufly imposed
upon. The malsters likewise canted a
letter to be wrote, which was signed
by many ol them, and tent to toe Devires
and other market towns, to desire
the buyers of' corn to follow their
example, for the benefit of all in general
and the poor in particular.—- About
eleven at night a fire broke out in
the malt-Spirit still-house belonging to
Sherman GodSrey Esq; at Limehoule.
which in a Sew hours entirely consumed
the same. This misfortune, was
occasioned by the wick ol a lamp falling
on a cask ol od, which let it on
fire, and loon communicated the flames
to the whole building.
Sun. 9. One ol the peers on Partney
bridge gave way, being pressed by
the great load os ice against it, and
sunk about sour leet, A coach with
sour gentlemen in it were passing over
it at the same time, but received
no other damage than being very much
frighted.
Thurf 13. Several justices olpeace,
clergymen, and others agreed, at the
quarter sessions held for the county of
Durham, to form themselves into a io^
cietyfor the relief of the indufrious.
poor, by retailing corn co thein at a
moderate price.
Sat, i 5. Admiral Hawke, in the
Ramillies, with part of his squadron
from Gibraltar, arrived at Spithead.
The admiral was much indisposed.
Sun. 16. Admiral West failed from
Spithead with n men of war of toe
line, and is to he joined by sour more
off Plymouth.
Mon. 17. The sessions ended at the
Old Bailey, which proved a maiden
one, a thing hardly known at this reason
of the year. A resolution pasted
the house to grant the ium of ^o.oool.
towards enabling the governors ol the
Foundling Hospital to receive all such
exposed and deserted young children
under the age os fix months as shall
he brought to the said hospital before
M the

T^t M A G A Z I N E ofMAGA^lNE^
tbe ist of January, 1758. It was also tors, by the council, the court came
resolved, that 225,93^1. be granted to the following reSolutions, nomire
for tbe ordinary oS the navy; io,o00l. Contradicente, viz. I. That it Is the oto
Greenyyich hofpital; io,00ol. to pinion of this general court to carry
Plymouth hofpital; and i6i,557 1. on the fishery.—^ 2. That an humble
for the office of ordnance for the year application be made to parliament, reenSising.
presenting the state of the society's
Ttef i8. Tbe charge of two bat- affairs, and praying for such further
talions of Highlanders was laid before encouragement and assistance as shall
the houfe, who are immediately to be be thought proper to enable them to
raised for the America^ service. -Rich- carry on this great national undertakard
Hughes, formerly an eminent ma- ing, in such manner as to anfwer the
ster taylor, was committed to New- important purposes for which it ysas
gate, being charged with feloniously designed. And the council, with fepublishing,
as true, three letters of at- veral other proprietors who were namtorney,
to transfer S. S. annuities to ed for that purpose, were desired to
the amount of toool. draw up the said petition.
Wed icy. His majesty gave the Mon. 24. Leave was given to bring
royal assent to the land-tax bill ; the in a bill for the more effectual punilhmalt
bill ; to two naval bills, and two ment of cheats of all kinds, than
naturalization bills. which no bill was ever more necessary
Thurf zo. The sum of 228,t961. in thefe degenerate times.—it wat
a-a—. yesolved, that towards raising the fupplies,
a sum not exceeding i,050,cingt
Fri 2 i .
be raised by way of lottery ; which
According to the annual lottery shall consist of a million of ticcustom,
73 gentlemen were admitted kets, at a guinea each, half uf which
to the degree of batchelors of arts of Sum shall be divided into prizes Sor the
Cambridge university —Yesterday and benesit oS the proprietors, and half apthis
day an inquef was taken at Newn- plied towards carrying on the warbarn
in Gloucestershire, before three Wed. 26. A bill Sor better ordering
of his majesty's justices of the peace, the militia forces in England sas read
the high sheriff, and many of the the first time, and ordered to be read a
neighbouring gentlemen, of the riots Second time.
and outrages lately committed there, Mon. 3r. Bills are preparing in Orand
at other places, by stopping the der to lower the high price oS corn
trows as they passed, and Seizing and and bread, to prevent the use as wheat
carrying off the corn, meal, &c. found in the distillery ; to take off the duty
therein, under a mastaken notion, that on foreign corn, and also on all corn,
Such corn, meal, &e. was forfeited by bread, biscuit, &c. taken from the e*
law; and r40f the faid rioters being nemy ; to regulate the weights artd
found guilty by a jury of substantial measures of corn ; and to preventthc
inhabitants within the Forefc division, exportation of corn for a limited ti^
were severely fined. Warrants are ——When the transports with t^
likewise issued by the faid justices Sorces Srom Minorca were in the ^
Sor apprehending many others of the of Biscay, on their return to* England
faid rioters Sor felonious acts by and the officers taking the air u^
them committed in the said riotous deck, a little boy, of eight years oide
meetings. the only Son of Capt. D^ of Corns'
Srrt. 22. Was held a general court lis'- regiment, who w a s playing
of the free British fishery fociery, to soldier's boy of his own age, by aing^
take into consideration the state of the den roll of the ship, the sea runn^
company's asi airs; a very exact account high, with a great fwell, asisco^^
of w hich heing laid before the proptie- * ^

there, fell overboard in the fight olhis
lather and mother. The poor woman,
in her distraction, was madly following
her child, but was held by Col- R. A
soldier who was near the boy, as he
generally was (being very fond ol
him) in an instant pulled off his coat
and shoes, and nobly threw himsellinto
the lea alter him. The confusion
was sogreat, that not a soul thought ol
keeping their eye upon the boy, to
mark which way the sea carried him,
except his little play sellow, who never
took his eye from him ; and by
pointing directed the soldier to him,
who luckily got to him, and took him
in one hand, lwimming with the other,
and had the presence ol mind to tear
open the boy's shirt collar. The ship
was brought to, and the boat got out ;
but that was a work ol time in a rolling
lea, when the vessel went about 5
miles an hour. The boat took them
up just as the poor fellow was lpent.
^Ehe little boy, when brought on
hoard, was to appearance dead ; but,
hv proper care, in about 2 hours recovered
; when he laughing told his mother,
if she would not be frightened,
he would tell her a dream he had in
she nig! • . Sor So it appeared to him ;
2ad then related all that happened to
him. The generous and heroic Soldiis
promoted to be a Serjeant,
S l R,
I Send you two pieces, written by
I two very eminent persons on a
^ery extraordinary Subject : One is a
translation oS a letter Srom the Maruul
de Bichlieu to the celebrated M.
ue Voltaire, written originally in the
trench ^ the other is an exact copy
an oiiginal letter, written in Engby
M. de Voltaire to Mr. Byng.
1 am Yours, &e. A. B.
Clux devices pres de Geneve.
^ I R,
T^lO' I am almost unknown to
. ^ you, I think 'tis my duty to
lead you the copy os the letter which
i have ju^ yc^^d from the Duke
e Rlchlicas : Honour, humanity, and
^tty order ine convey It into
J A N U A R Y . i7^.
your hands. This noble and unexr
pected testimony srom one of the most
candid as well as the most generous of
my countrymen, makes me presume
your judges will do you the Same justice.
1 am with Respect, ^rr, &c.
VoLt A1 RE.
To the Hon. J. Byng, Esq ;
S I R,
'fAm very Sensibly concerned Sor
.I Adm. Byng ; I do assure you whatever
1 have Seen or heard os him does
him honour. After having done all
that man could reasonably expect Srom
him, he ought not to be censured Sor
Suffering a deSeat. When two commanders
contend Sor victory, tho' both
equally men os honour, yet one must
necessarily be worsted, and there is
nothing against Mr. Byng but his being
worsted, Sor his whole conduct
was that oS an able Seaman, and is
justly worthy oS admiration. The
strength ost the tw*o fleets was at lease
equal; the English had 25 ships and
we 12 much better Surnished and
much cleaner. Fortune that presides
over all battles, and eSpecially thoSe
that are Sought at Sea, was more .
Savourable to us than to our adversaries,
by Sending our balls into their
ships with greater execution. I am
persuaded, and it is the generally received
opinion, that is the English
had obstinately continued the engagement,
their whole fleet would have
been destroyed.
In short, there can be no higher act
oS injustice than what is now attempt.
ed against admiral Byng, and all men
ol honour, and all gentlemen ol the
army arc particularly interested in the
event, RicnELiEts.
t received this original letter frora ' larsha/
D. tie Richelieu, the 1st of January
1757, sn witness of which 1 heave
Sgncd my name. VoLtAlRE.
List of Shipr taken from the French.
(Continued seem p. 571. i 756.
r a 'Id E Maria, from Bourdeaux sor
^ St Domingo, taken by tbe
Greyhound man ol war and brought
into

^2
T^t M AG A ^ 1 E of M A G A 2 1 N E ^
into Plymouth ei he Raphael. a
Swedish ship, from Havre de Grace
sor Cadiz, carried into Gibraltar —
The tHermaid and Fagle n'.en of war
took a cutter privateer of 6 guns, and
after having taken out the nen, burnt
her —The Pondicberri, from the Fast
Indies for Por: L'Otient, burthen
loco tens, was taken by the Dover
man of war, after an engagement of
about a.n hour, in which the French
lost their 2d captain and 6 men. and
is carried irto Cork..—"she Cigalle
privateer of Malee. o. t4 guns and
en. is carrieei into Kittfale by
1b Unicorn ,irase or' year.—A French
letter os naarqu- stly of 400 tons, ad
a St. Dcrninto men, ate taken by the
Ottes slot.p of war, w'to has also retaken
an English privateer and brought
thena all into Penzance. —-'S he Neptune,
of Amsterdam, from Bourdeaux
for Morlaix, carried into Plymouth by
tbe Hunter cutter —The Greyhound,
from St. Doraingofor Bourdeaux, carried
into Plymouth by tbe Leoftoff
man of war —A brig front St. Domingo
is sent into Bristol by the Hunter
critter.—A ship Srom Marseilles from
Valencia. is taken by the Chesterfield
man of vsar. and another from Marseilles
for tbe West Indies, is taken
b*r .be Ambuscade man of war, and
both carried into Gibraltar.- A large
ship from isiartinioo is carried into
Portfmoutli by the Lyme man os war.
—A large fnovt from St. Doraingo, is
carried into Jamaica by the Bye flan
of war.—The Jupiter, fror^ St. Domingo,
and a Dutch fliip from Rotterdam
for Bourdeaux, are taken by
rbe Defiance privateer Dyer, and sent
to Falmouth.—A ship of 18 grins eiom
Havre for Martinico, carried into bt.
Kirts by the Oliver Cromwell privateer—The
Bofphorus, Ker.nard,
from Smyrna for London, has taken a
prize, and carried her to Malta —A
French East india ship, is taken by
the Antigallican privateer of f ondon.
-—be Mermaid, srom St. Domingo
for Nants. with 323 lab Is os Sugar,
43271b. oi instate and 16 tona of
coffee, is Sent into Plymouth by the
Lyon. privateer.— The ^ ictory, from
Havre Sor St. Dnmiugo, a new ship oS
300 torts, loaded yiith bale goods, is
taken by the lSaac privateer oi Liverpool,
and carried into Kinfale—The
Beilone, from St Domirgo for Nantz,
taken by the Lyon man ^of war, and
the Raekovs from Cayen for Rocbelle,
taken by the Monmouth, are both
brought into Plymouth.—Tbe Concord,
from St. Domingo, loaded with
sugar, coffee, utc is brought into Eab
rtouth by the Eagle privateer of Biis.
tol.
List of ships taker by the French.^
Fl E Nancy, Davidson, os Lot^
P don, with lead and rea' herrings,
carried into Dunkirk —The Earl of
Chesterfield, Broys n, Srom Opcrto Sot
London, was taken two leagues from
the Isle of Wight bva French privateer
o. 8 guns and 7o men, and carried
into a port near Havre de Grace
—The Harubro' merchant, Iiorncastle,
from Genoa for Malaga and
England, carried to Malaga.— "l he
Eugene, Cole, iron* Bristol, for Mary*
land, with convicts, ransomed for
ioocl.—the St. Michael, Wheeler,
from tire Currant Islands for Brislel,
Carried into Fefebarnp—The Naaey
from Newfoundland for Pool, carried
intoBayOnne.—Lhe St. George, Cosnor,
and the Comber Davis, firm
London Sor Valencia, carried ist^
Cartbagena.—The Industry, Trting'
from London for leghorn, is earned
into Marseilles —.Tbe Harlequin. ^tt**
hen Srom Dalmatia ior Smyrna, 1s esttied
into Cyprus.—Tbe Monies
Planter, Lyon, from hlonferrat ^
London, carried into St, Sebastian*"'
The Concord Carrole, from NLnryland
.or London, carried into c^etburg
—The Fanny, Henderwell, a^
the True Love, King, from Lyme ^
Liverpool, carried into Havre-*
Neptune, Walter, iron. N. Carolled ^
London, is carried into Morlaitf^
The Newtown, ^arlow, ficsn

^or J A N U A R Y , i^7. ^
don for Wales, is carried into Dieppe. Death, with her rich prize from St-
—The Postboy, Olding, lrom Ply- Domingo, were taken by a privateer
mouth for Naples carried into Mar- ol 24 guns, alter a bloody engageleilles.
The Adventure, Brassit, for menr, and are carried into St. MaloeS.
Pool ; the Endeavour, — for Bril- —The Sally, Nichols, lrom Newtol
; the Greyhound, DeVaux for Bil- foundland for Cadiz, carried into Caboa,
all from Newfoundland ; che Ny- diz.
stone, flay skill, Srom New England [Remainder in our next]
Sor B'lhoa ; che Westell, I ewis, from
Maryland for Hull ; toe Edward and List of Births forthe Year 1757.
Susanna, M'Namara, from St. Kitts JAN. 3. | Ady ol Lord Carpenter,
sor London ; the Lively Mary, Gra- ^^ delivered as a son.— 15don,
lrom Dublin for Cadiz, with Lady ofSir Philip MulgraVe, Bart. of
900 barrels o butter. and i8o tann'd a fon and heir.
hides of leather, &c. are taken by
the Bayonne privateers.—The Prince List of Marriages ser the Year 1757.
a Danish ship, tom Topsham for leghorn.
is carried into Marseilles.—The '|Oleph Keeling olFingeringhoc-hall.
Three Friends, Whitney, lrom New- Essex, Esq; to Mils Slany with
loundland, is carried into Alicant.— 4oool.—Mr. Watkins of Bishopsgate-
Tl.e Penelope, Blake, from Lisbon street, to Miss Jarriatt ol Uxbridge,
. lor London, and another ship with with 6o^ol.— Bart. Rich. Barnaby,
r5o batrels os beef, 300 siskins ol Esq; ol Brockhampton, to Mils Freebutter,
4o Hhds. ol beer, and other man. with lo,o00l.
goods, carried into Dunkirk.— A privateer
belonging so Bourdeaux has List ofDeathaser the Year 1
taken the Edward, Dalton, and another
ship from Jamaica fot London — JAN. 3 ^JB Henry Hicks, Bart, at
The Bobert, Cawlon, lrom Virginia ^ Deptsord, aged 83—5.
lot London, carried into St.Sebastians. Rev. Tho. Pyle, canon res. olSailsbu-
—The Hawke, Connolly, from Lon- ry, 84.—Countess dowager ol Abingdon
; the Henry, Graham, Iron: Bril- don.— 1o. Mrs. Lowther, great aunt
tel, both for Antigua; the Payne, to Sir James Lowther, ic6. Shew-as
• , frorr Bristol for Nevis, and a a woman oltoe hed-chamber to
large new ship, from Boston for Ja- Mary.— i 4. Bev. Dr. Hodges, pronrai"ca,
arc all carried into Guarda- vest ol Oriel col. Oxon.—19. Lady
loupe.—The Blakeney, Shottridge, Catharine Gardeman, a daughter of
from Bristol for St. Kitts, and the Pa- the first Earl of Sandwich, aged cs6.—
nick, Herbert, from Cork, for the 1o. Sir Henry Vincent, Bart. of Stoke
Leeward island, carried into Granna- D'Abernon, Surry, aged 7o.
dillees-.A Dutch vessel, from Antigna
for Barbadoes, carried into Mar- List of Promotions for the Year 1757.
tlaico, and condemned —The Frind-
CrookShanks, from the Spey for From the London Gazette.
Billoa, was drove by stress ol weather
Itito Bayonne, where she was seized Whitehall, |^|l S majesty has been
2ttd the men imprisoned.—The En- Jan.21.|^| pleased to appoint the
terprize, Dupond, from the Cape de following gentlemen to he officers to
erds, carried into Martinico,—- On the two battalions of foot, to be railed
tire a^th inst. a French lugger drove in the Highlands.
2 vessel ashore at Hastings, and the Ftast BATTALION.
lsmeday carried off a ship out ol Rye Lieut, Col. Commandant, Arch.
lay-—.The Terrible privateer Capt. Montgomery. ^
Majora

Majors.
Campbell.
James Grant, and Alex.
Captains. Hugh M'Kenzie, John
Sinclair, John Gordon, Alex. M'Kenzie,
William M'Donald, and George
Monro.
Capt, Lieutenant,
Intosh.
Alexander M'
SECOND BATTALioN-
Lieut. Col. Commandant. Simon
Fraser.
Majors. James Clephane and John
Campbell.
Captains. Thomas Frazet, John
M^Pherfon, John Campbell, Simon
Frazet, Donald Mc'Donald, John
McDonnell, and Charles Bailie.
Capt. Lt.J. Crawford Vvalkinshaw.
Whitehall, Jan. 25. The king has
been pleased to appoint Rich. Callis,
Esq; Captain of a troop in the 1st
regiment of dragoon guards, commanded
by Lieut. Gen. Bland.—John
Floyd, Efq ; Capt. Lieut.—And John
TbrelSall, Lieut. in the said regiment,
From other tapers.
Georpe Turner, Efq ; 3pp. comptroller
of the Hawker's office. Wm.
Raymond, Efq ; comptroller of the
customs at Ipfwich. John Marshe
DickinSon, ESq ; Son to the present
Ld. Mayor, comptroller oS the houshold
to the Ld. Lieut. oS Ireland.
MONTHLY GHR0^L(dGER
Extract of a Loner from a Field ^ssaer
in Gibraltar, edited Dee. 18, l
A Ship laden with stores and provisions
for Gibraltar, was chased
by a French privateer and took
shelter under the cannon of a Small
sort at the point of Cabritto, notwithstanding
which the privateer
took her. Admiral Hawke finding
that the Spaniards did not interfere,
sent out his boats manned, to
MAGAZINE of MAGAZINES
George Campbell, ESq ; paymaster of
the marines. Capt. Harrison oS the
Otter sloop, Capt. of the Greyhound
man oS yvar. Richard Hale, ESq;
land Surveyor in the port of London,
(Gilbert, dec.) Samuel Horsey, ESq;
Bath king at arms. 'Wm. FraSer, FSq:
king's yyaiter in the port oS London.
Hugh Forbes; ESq ; Major in tbe
Royal Horse Guards. Andrew Forbes,
Cape. Wynter Blathwayt, Capt,
Lieut. Walter Thursby, Lieutenant,
Edward LaScelles, Cornet, and Tho.
Williams, quarter-master in Said regiment.
Major Leman, Governor of
Dumbarton castle Richard Stone,
Eiq ; knight harbinger in ordinary.
(Cooper dec.) Dr G i shorn e, physician
to St. George's hofpital. (Dr.
Rofs, refign'd.
ECCLESIASTICAL PREFERMENTS.
EV. Mr Mather, fellow of Brap
^ zen Nose college, Oxford, presented
to St. Mary Whitecbapel, R
Mr. Ogle, Burton Latimer, R. Northamptonshire,
3oo 1. per Ann.
Bier or Mortality from Dec. a; to^an ta.
Buried
Males ro^4
Females rot^o t 4
Christened
^es ^ t ^
Females
Buried.
Weekly ^an- 4rr.^r
Slloa
Sio4
retake the prize, who coming near
the privateer, were fired at by her ;
and not knowing how to act ^ss
they did not imagine the privateer
would have fired under the cannon
oi' the fort,) returned to the fleets
when the admiral ordered them out
again immediately, yyith positive directions
to bring back the prhe,
as she had been taken under the
sort. In the mean time, the prirateer
suspecting what must happen,

^of J A N U A R Y , i^7. ^
shilted her place, and with her prize master, was lost on the piles in Dub-
went under the cannon of another
Spanish sort, which was a little higher
up than the first, and was there
attacked by the boats of the squadron
upon their return, who retook
lin harbour : 5 of tbe hands perished
by the severity of the weather,
while the other 4 preferyed themselves
on the piles. The Volunteer
ol Liverpool sor Jamaica, Capt.
the English ship, notwithstanding that Williamson commander, was lost with
the fort, as well as the privateer her crew on the Kish, and two other
fired at them with great fury, by vessels funk in the harbour. i 5.
which they lost i8 men, amongst The Shaw of Whitehaven, Richard
whom was ensign Townshend, os White master, with coals, who that
Arabin's regiment, who went a vo- day left the harbour of Dublin, struck
lunteer in toe affair. Admiral Hawke on a rock near Baldoyle, where,
sailed with the large ships, the 9rh ol with her people, she sunk directly,
December; admiral Saunders with This misfortune, among others, was
the frigates remains. owing to a resentment some people
Disc. 31. The Unicorn man olwar in Whitehaven were determined to
os 2o guns, Capt, Edwards com- express against the city ol Dublin.
mander arrived at Kinsale with a by obliging the commanders ol their
privateer ol St. Maloes, carrying 14 ships not to dispose ol any part of
guns and io2 men. She had taken
English ships on her cruize.
1 ^N. i. His majesty's ship the Dove:
of 4so guns, commanded by capt.
their cargoe therefor a certain time;
on account that some people had
bern prosecuted, who in combinati-
on with them, had acted contrary
Christopher Hill, came into Cork to the laws col their country. This
hatoour with the Pondicherry ol Port must be considered an ill judged rel'Drient
of 8oo tons, from Canton fentment, as it is but reasonable that
in the East Indies, taken the 25d individuals should be obedient to the
os December, after an engagement laws made for the preservation of
os two hours, in which she lost i i the whole ; and at tola time elpenten
and her second captain, with i8 cially is most unfriendly (not to say
wounded : she fought 24 guns ol 6 worse) in our neighbours, when the
and 9 pounders with 200 men. The arm ol affliction is already very hea-
Dover's people had the good [lot- ally laid on the poor, who are the
tune to come off unhurt, but the only sufferers. It might well have
ship had her main yard carried away been expected, that in gratitude for
by a chain shot ol 26 lb. and recei- the large sums this city has conned
a shet between wind and wa- stantly paid them, they would beter.
Some perlons ol distinction were lore this, have altered their conduct.
on board the India man. The pri- 17- The Revd. John Lawson, D. D.
vase ship of war Isaac of Liverpool, S. F. T. C. D. was presented with
David Clotwotthy comm. brought hi, freedom ol the guild ol metinto
KinSale a ship ol3oo tons from chants. 27. The Aldborough man
llavre de Grace, for Cape Francois of war, Capt. Lynn commander, sailin
Hilpaniola: her lading consists ol ed for London, taking under conbale
goods and 6o00 barrels ol gun- voy, with other ships, the Success,
powder. 1o. Tbeearl olHolderness, Capt. Dunn, and the Providence
Capt, Btooks from China, and the Capt. Butler freighted with linen
^enhain, (^a^ ^ d from Bengali, cloth from Dublin. Capt. Lynn took
arrived at Kinsale. 13. ln a hard with him 11o sailors and 3oo land-
^ale of wind at E. N. E. the ship men all volunteers. 24. Began to
fortune from London for Lancaster
ci,e , . - --- — -
^ith wheat and flout, Wm. Fish
be arrayed
----os
Dublin.
the militia Sor the city
BIRTHS

T^e M A G A 2 1 N E of M A C a 2 1NE s
B I R T H S .
JAN. 25 | N Merrion street, toe Rt.
| Hon. Lady Dysatt ol a
daughter.
M A R B I A G E S.
Jan. 1. A T Kilkenny Rich. Jones,
Esq ; one ol the liX
clerks in chancery, to a daughter' ol
William Warring, Esq ; 2, George
Nugent ol Caltlerickard co Meath,
Esq; to the eldest daughter ol Francis
Lucas ol Greenmount, co. Monaghan,
ESq ; 4- Mc'Namara Morgan,
Esq ; counsellor at law, to
Mary, sister of Richard Martin ol
Dangin, co. Galveay, Esq. 8. Balph
Smith, ESq ; to Miss Jane W alsh ol
Peter street, 14. Matthew ForteSCue
ol Delling co. Lowth, ESq ; to mils
Catharine DoOgh. 15. At Liffen-
Hall co. Dublin. Hon. Barry Maxwell,
Esq ; to Margaret, daughter
os Bobert Ring ol Drewstown co. ol
Meath, Esq; 12. Thomas Williams
os Ashgrove co. Cork, Esq; to Martha,
sister os the Revd. Mr. Thomas
of Rathsarnham.
D E A T H S .
DEC. 17. a T Waterford J. Moore,
Esq ;• JAN. 1. At
Downings, co. Kildare, John Bonynge,
Esq. At Castleshane co. Monaghan,
Edward Lucas, sen. Esq ;
5. Miss Leslie daughter of the Rev.
Dean Leslie. 7. Mr. James Simon
merchant, F. R S. Secretary to the
incorporated society for promoting
English protestant Schools, and to that,
for toe relief os protestant strangers.
He published a history ol the coins
ol this kingdom, and his collection
os lodids and other natural curiosities
os this country are very curious
and much esteemed. 25 Mr Henry
Delamaine, proprietor os the saclory
for earthen ware, which he
brought to great excellency, and was
sometime since deservedly encouraged
by a parliamentary bounty. 14
The wise ol Perciyal Hunt Sen. Esq;
one ol the aldermen of" Dublin. On
Arbor Hill, the lady ol Sir Capel
Molineuz, Bart. 15. At Barry'athau
co. Cork, toe wise of the Hon. and
Bev. Mr. Bligh. At Frankfort, Jas.
Fitzgerald, Esq ; ol Sculloxtownco'
Kildare. 17. Near Serangford, Richard
Aynlworth, Esq; i8. Ae Rillanaid>
near Birr the widow Ault a^
ged io8. to. The wife of James
Wilson of Parfonstown co. Meath,
Esq; 24. at Limerick Henry Miller
ol Towna, co. Clare, Esq ; 2^ .
The wile of Philip Oliver, ESq ; id.
P for ehe borough of Kilmallock co.
Limerick. 29. Mr. Christopher Dalton
Not. Pub.
P R O M O T I O N S .
Jan. EV. Andrew Bisset, D.D.
presented to the rectories
ol Carrick and Rathdrumen, and the
vie. ol Port, dioc. Armagh. 7. Ber
Isaac Man, D D. presented to the
archd. ol Dublin. John Eyre and
Richard French, Esqrs. appointed
with the Right Hon. Sir Thongs
Prendergast, joint governors ol the co.
Galway. Anthony Brabazon, Elq ; .
app. a trustee ol the linen manosac^
ture for the province ol Leinsler
(Right Hon. Ld. Vise. Jocelyn dec.)
9. Rev. Mr. Henry Browne predated
to the rectory ol St. Andrew^,
dio. ol Dublin (Isaac Mann, D. D.
pro ) to. Richard Rigby, Esq ; ap'
pointed chiel secretary to his Grace
the Duke of Bedford, Lord Lieut
olthis kingdom. i 5. Rev. Mr. Hatfield
collated to the rectories olDunane
and ftathospick. dio. os Fems.
Hon. Major General Henry Seying^
Conway app. clerk, or keeper olshe
hanaper, and clerk ol the crown m
the high court ol chancery, in re*
version alter tbe death ol aSir Coirip'
ton Domville, Bart, 16 Bev. Bo^
Stringer was presented to the Uris^
ol ^altmakill by the Earl us
donderry. 26. Mr. Thomas Gihhoss
Not. Pub. elected secretary to the mcorporated
locietv for promoting
glish protestant sehoola ^Mr. J ^
Simon dec) 28. Mr. Simon
elected secretary to the society sot ^
relief ol protestant strangers.