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30 THE FIVE SENSES image): ' They assigned as cause of vision certain images {e'iboiXa) Inôrities which emanate (äiroppiovra) continually from the objects for his seen, of like form with (o/xoioVopâ) the latter, and impinge Seory. upon the eye. Such was the theory of Leucippus and Democritus ^' ' Democritus asserts that seeing is the reception of an image reflected from the object seen. This word image (eixa(7i.s) here means the form (aSos) reflected in the pupil. The case is like that of all other transparent surfaces which show an image reflected in them. He holds that certain images (eiScüXa), similar in shape to the things from which they come, Streaming off from all the things which are visible, impinge upon the eyes of those who see them, and that thus seeing takes place; in proof whereof he adduces the fact that in the pupil of the eye of those who see any object there is invariably the image or likeness of the object seen. This is the whole account of seeing according to Democritus ^.' Demo- § i6. Democritus is the earliest philosopher in whose theory of recorded writings we find an attempt at a detailed theory the object of colour. The white and the black he refers immediately Colour, its to affections of touch: the former to the smooth, the latter seems to have been, by its derivation, fitted to express generally the cmoppoT] from an object of whatever sense. It properly signifies not a ' spectrum' but what we mean by (the Englisk word) specimen : i. e. an emanation qualitatively like the thing from which it comes. This, in reference to the sense of sight, would be no doubt a ' specimen' (in the Latin signification) of the object qua visible: a copy of its figure and colour. In reference to other senses it would denote the qualities respectively which these are fitted to perceive, whether odour, or sound, or taste. Only in reference to the sense of seeing could it coincide in meaning with ühcoXov, but as this, which Aristotle calls the sense par excellence, tends to absorb the attention of psychologists, either the word Set'fceXoj/ was narrowed to the idea of eiSmXov { = t\ msoppor\ tt^s popiyivr}s, the i?nage, or effigy, of Iphigenia. In Laconian Sei/ceXio-Tat was = Attic p.ipx)Tai {Etym. Magn. 260, 48). ^ Alexander, in Arist. de Sens. p. 56 (Wendland), and Arist. de Sens. 440» 15-18. ^ Alexander ad Arist. de Sensu 438°' 5, p. 24 (Wendland). This reproduces the theory of Democritus in the simpler aspect in which Aristotle criticizes it, 438"' 5-16.
VISION 31 •to the rough ^. He asserts that the simple (ä7r\a) colours ^ physical are four: lühite, black, red, and green (xXoipöv). White is the P''°
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Page 5 and 6: G R E E K T H E O R I E S ELEMENTAR
Page 7 and 8: ^ P R E F A C E N Most readers know
Page 9 and 10: COMMENTARIES, MONOGRAPHS, &c. USED
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Page 14 and 15: a INTRODUCTION connexion we have he
Page 16 and 17: 4 INTRODUCTION (however difficult t
Page 18 and 19: 6 INTRODUCTION and of mind so far a
Page 20 and 21: 8 INTRODUCTION once take us beyond
Page 22 and 23: 10 THE FIVE SEN.SES psychology H. A
Page 24 and 25: la THE FIVE SENSES discoverles resp
Page 26 and 27: Empedocles. 14 THE FIVE SENSES Empe
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Page 30 and 31: i8 THE FIVE SENSES and agency of th
Page 32 and 33: 20 THE FIVE SENSES Colours are carr
Page 34 and 35: Theophrastus criticizes Empedocles'
Page 36 and 37: 24 THE FIVE SENSES the nature 'like
Page 38 and 39: 26 THE FIVE SENSES the whole it wou
Page 40 and 41: 28 THE FIVE SENSES turned round \ N
Page 44 and 45: 32 THE FIVE SENSES and dissimilar;
Page 46 and 47: colour and its varieties, 34 THE FI
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Page 50 and 51: 38 THE FIVE SENSES Vision due 'Seei
Page 52 and 53: 4° THE FIVE SENSES express Empedoc
Page 54 and 55: 42 THE FIVE SENSES and see bright b
Page 56 and 57: 44 THE FIVE SENSES also is set fort
Page 58 and 59: 46 THE FIVE SENSES commonly that we
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Page 62 and 63: 50 THE FIVE SENSES Genesis of § 30
Page 64 and 65: 52, THE FIVE SENSES A kind of fire,
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8o THE FIVE SENSES objectively or e
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organ proper. Democritus' attitude.
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84 THE FIVE SENSES due to a are ext
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86 THE FIVE SENSES should be convey
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88 THE FIVE SENSES power and percep
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90 THE FIVE SENSES sight, not prima
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92 THE FIVE SENSES them at a distan
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94 THE FIVE SENSES which gives KotX
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96 THE FIVE SENSES that the gloss K
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98 THE FIVE SENSES to the outer sou
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100 THE FIVE SENSES Conditions One
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102 THE FIVE SENSES broken up from
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I04 THE FIVE SENSES proportion sens
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lo6 THE FIVE SENSES by the same thi
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Theophrastus' Version of Plato's de
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110 THE FIVE SENSES What is not so
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112 THE FIVE SENSES shock com- even
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proper is formed of an airchamber b
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ii6 THE FIVE SENSES tion of the mov
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ii8 THE FIVE SENSES from ifiöipos.
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I20 THE FIVE SENSES learning cernin
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122 THE FIVE SENSES Confusing § 27
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124 THE FIVE SENSES the auditory se
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126 THE FIVE SENSES for musical acq
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128 THE FIVE SENSES Actual proporti
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130 THE FIVE SENSES In the de Sensu
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132 THE FIVE SENSES tion of the bra
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134 THE FIVE SENSES Theophras- § 4
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136 THE FIVE SENSES as the most gen
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138 THE FIVE SENSES Large when thin
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I40 THE FIVE SENSES for he represen
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144 THE FIVE SENSES into genera of
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nor followed by pain. Not so valu
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146 THE FIVE SENSES Organ of betwee
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14» THE FIVE SENSES air or air or
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I50 THE FIVE SENSES Inhalation §17
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15« THE FIVE SENSES the ' scent,'
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154 THE FIVE SENSES medium one shou
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156 THE FIVE SENSES fied in divisib
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158 THE FIVE SENSES smells general,
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THE ANCIENT GREEK PSYCHOLOGY OF TAS
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i6a THE FIVE SENSES severally. pred
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i64 THE FIVE SENSES the effect upon
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i66 THE FIVE SENSES tion), e.g. tho
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.168 THE FIVE SENSES perceive prepo
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170 THE FIVE SENSES fjôvfj in rest
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172 THE FIVE SENSES tongue, if they
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174 THE FIVE SENSES upon the of the
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iê THE FIVE SENSES latter is in it
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178 THE FIVE SENSES food; for touch
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A Icmaeon—Empedocles. THE ANCIENT
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i8a THE FIVE SENSES ofthis. a kind
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i84 THE FIVE SENSES This question w
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i86 THE FIVE SENSES base of support
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i88 THE FIVE SENSES and the of body
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I90 THE FIVE SENSES trarieties whit
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jgz THE FIVE SENSES uncertain^.' He
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194 THE FIVE SENSES to water and ai
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196 THE FIVE SENSES in which why, w
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198 THE FIVE SENSES ofall and defin
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aoo THE FIVE SENSES fineness of of
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PART II. SENSATION IN GENERAL ITS C
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ao4 SENSATION IN GENERAL Sensation
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2o6 SENSATION IN GENERAL whatever,
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2o8 SENSATION IN GENERAL the above
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3IO SENSATION IN GENERAL distinguis
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212 SENSATION IN GENERAL and hearin
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314 SENSATION IN GENERAL reach far;
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2l6 SENSATION IN GENERAL in bodily
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218 SENSATION IN GENERAL that, as i
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220 SENSATION IN GENERAL Affinity b
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222 SENSATION IN GENERAL as the res
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224 SENSATION IN GENERAL through is
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226' SENSATION IN GENERAL the quadr
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228 SENSATION IN GENERAL ception, t
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230 SENSATION IN GENERAL own power
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232 SENSATION IN GENERAL and there-
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234 SENSATION IN GENERAL on the oth
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236 SENSATION IN GENERAL Ta Kara av
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238 SENSATION IN GENERAL and the al
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240 SENSATION IN GENERAL four ele-
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242 SENSATION IN GENERAL to the aö
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244 SENSATION IN GENERAL Apparent
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246 SENSATION IN GENERAL taste must
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248 SENSATION IN GENERAL so perceiv
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PART III. SENSUS COMMUNIS The § I.
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252 SENSUS COMMUNIS (vvihai = disti
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354 SENSUS COMMUNIS in the of the s
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256 SENSUS COMMUNIS of central duct
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Diogenes discussed memory and remin
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25o SENSUS COMMUNIS statement has a
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202 SENSUS COMMUNIS we require two,
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264 SENSUS COMMUNIS them are opinio
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Reminiscence illustrated. The dovec
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268 SENSUS COMMUNIS is reminiscence
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270 SENSUS COMMUNIS of plants. to c
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272 SENSUS COMMUNIS continuance of
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274 SENSUS COMMUNIS is forgotten In
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276 SENSUS COMMUNIS cannot extract
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278 SENSUS COMMUNIS faculty compreh
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28o SENSUS COMMUNIS satisfectory in
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28a SENSUS COMMUNIS In the concludi
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284 SENSUS COMMUNIS gulf would be c
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286 SENSUS COMMUNIS They are called
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288 SENSUS COMMUNIS C. Sensus § 29
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290 SENSUS COMMUNIS dvTaapa ing as
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29^ SENSUS COMMUNIS not, like and a
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294 SENSUS COMMUNIS ep.ireipia. As
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SENSUS COMMUNIS 297 aladrjais^- The
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SENSUS COMMUNIS 299 be regarded as
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SENSUS COMMUNIS 30X and motion. Hen
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SENSUS COMMUNIS 303 were, straight
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SENSUS COMMUNIS 305 times quiet pre
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SENSUS COMMUNIS 307 to correct it.
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SENSUS COMMUNIS 309 but in the rela
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SENSUS COMMUNIS 311 a piece of wax
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SENSUS COMMUNIS 313 tion), as a lik
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SENSUS COMMUNIS 315 lesson indeed ;
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SENSUS COMMUNIS 317 that which we s
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SENSUS COMMUNIS 319 one and the sam
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SENSUS COMMUNIS 321 for reviving th
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SENSUS COMMUNIS 323 to the (pdvraaj
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SENSUS COMMUNIS 325 it set up still
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SENSUS COMMUNIS 327 'each aladrjais
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SENSUS COMMUNIS 329 extent. For eve
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SENSUS COMMUNIS 331 (b) The heart i
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SENSUS COMMUNIS 333 of Sensation ar
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SENSUS COMMUNIS 335 the TTvevjxa. A
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I N D I C E S I. ENGLISH Absent, th
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primary, 53 ; of rainbow, 53, 66 ;
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L ENGLISH 341 line lens, 10 ; like
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Inconsistency, Aristotle's (real or
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23g, 24S ; of sense, general defini
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I. ENGLISH 347 by persons of low ty
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Stimulus of perception, 8. Stobaeus
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II. GREEK ayyeiov, 95. äypdpparos:
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peaönjs and Ai57or, of sense, 117,
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'OES 'ilE fiOf
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