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Laying Farm-Yard Dung on Clay Fallows for Wheat, - - - 385 Valedictory.—The New Tobacco Exchange in Richmond, - - - 387 White and Red Wheat, - - 393 McCormick's Reaper, - - 393 A Fine Sale of Tobacco.—Kossuth.—To Subscribers.—To Postmasters and others 394 To Teachers.— Whortleberries, - 395 Trees and Fruit Buds v. Cold Water, - 396 Powers of Vegetation to resist Extremes of Temperature, - - 397 Grape Culture, - - - 399 Tobacco, - . . 400 The Horse and How to Use Him, - 401 Saddle Horses, - - . 402 Galls from Harness or Saddle, - 404 Fatal Disease in Horses.—County Court Day at Paris, Ky., - - 405 The Ingalls Cow, - - 406 To Keep Butter Hard and Cool, - 407 Quantity of Milk for a Pound of Butter, 408 The Ox Breeze Fly, - - 408 The Potatoe Weevil, - - 409 Remedy for Fleas.— Antidote to Musqui- toes.—Overseers's Rules, - - 410 CONTENTS. Functiona of the Roots and Leaves of Plants, '- - , Sixth Annual Exhibition of the Virginia State Agricultural Society— Schedule of Premiums, . - - Defects in the Agricultural Productions of Albemarle County, Mr. Franklin Minor's Mode of Raising Hogs.—Stone Fencing, "Rhodes' Superphosphate of Lime," How shall we get Rid of Cabbage Lice ? - Disease in the White Oak Trees of the Up- per Valley, and of Apple Trees near Alexandria, Soapsuds, The Hog.—English Farming, Order and Economy on the Farm, Boot and Shoe Trade, The Rain—the Glorious Rain.—What is Silica ? Moths in Carpets.— Draught of Plowing at Different Depths.—Economy of Feed- ing Roots, - - . Deep Ploughing, - Live and Dressed Weight of Animals, Credits and Failures, - 415 417 433 434 435 435 456 437 439 440 - 441 All British Agriculture, * About 447 Overseers, - - 411 An Amateur's View on the Propagation Short Letters to Overseers, - - 413 of New Varieties of Fruit, 44S Best Mode of Curing Hay, - - 414 Simple Test for Guano, 448 THE SOUTHERN PLANTER la publi.shed monthly, in sixty-four octdi'O pages, upon the following TEBMS: TWO DOLLARS AND FIFTY CENTS pbt annum, unless paid in advance. Advance payments as follows : One copy, one year, iSix copies, do 'I'hirtecn copies, one year, Twenty do do One copy, three years, $2 lo i>0 30 5 And one copy free to persons sendinfj us the NAittEs and MONEY for thirteen or more new subscribers. All money remitted to us will be considered at our risk onfy, when tbe letter containing the same shall have been registered. This rule is adopted not for our jjroiection, but for tbe prole months, > witliout - 12 " ] alteralloti, 1st insertion, Kacb continuance, ti months, > without I 12 '* \ alteration, 442 445 445 446 Will bft inserted at the following rates: Business Cards5ol of 5 lines I or less, per annum, 1st insertion, $5 00 1 00 Orie-eif^chtb (if a columh. I Each contmuanoe, 6 months, } without *• \2 \ alteration, - 1st insertion. - 75 4 no 7 50 1 75 Onefdurth of a. tolumil. Each continuance. 6 months, } witboilt 12 " . 5 al alteration, 1st insertion, - • 1 25 7 50 14 00 ;{ 25 One-lialfofa tolunbi, Each continuance, 6 months, ? witboill 2 50 14 00 12 " 5 alterations^ 2.'^ 0(» 1st insertion. 6 00 One column, Each continuance, 4 50 or Half a page 25 00 40 00 lo 00 One page, 7 50 40 On 70 00 Advertisements out of the city must be accompa- nied with the money or city let'erentes to inrure inser tion.
TH E Devoted to Agriculture^ Horticulture^ and the Household Arts. K^i. Agriculture is the nursing mother of the Arts.] Tillage and Pasturage are the two breasts of the State. Sully. —Xenophon. \ FRANK. G. RUFFIN, Editor. AUGUST & WILLIAMS, Pkop'rs. Vol. XYIII. RICHMOND, YA., JULY, 1858. NO. T. From the Canadian Agriculturist, Laying" Farm-Yard Dnng on Clay Fal- lows for Wheat. The preparation of clay lands for a succession of crops by the process of summer fallow- ing, which pulverizes the soil and removes all weeds and stones, reaches the condition of receiving farm-fard dung for manure in the end of August or during the month of September. Early operations are the most effectual, and the best performances get the land ready in August for the reception of lime and dung. The first article, in a pulverized condition, is spread evenly over the land, and harrowed into the ground by a double tine of the common-purpose harrows. The farm-yard is laid in small heaps on the land, spread by the hand-forks evenly over the surface of the ground, and covered by one furrow of the plough. The dung may be carried in the fresh condition from the cattle yards, being the production of the latest store cattle, and from the soiling beasts that consume the green food, or it may have been placed in a heap on the field of land from the month of March to the time of use, and will have reached a partially, if not a halfrotten condition, when it is spread over the ground in August. The lumps of dung will •often not be covered by the plough, and lie on the surface, being pushed, before the coulter, and not falling into the bottom of the furrow. A lad or woman with a hand-fork fullows the plough, and throws the pieces of dung into the 25 — hollows^ where they are covered immediately by the next furrow of ploughing. This provision is made against the loss by evaporation from exposure of dung on the surface of the^ ground ; but the theory'- of loss from exposure' does not yet hold a confirmed dominion among undoubted facts. The common plough opens drills with onefurrow at convenient distances for green crops,, and on light soils the dung is well covered by one furrow of earth being laid over it. Claylands for wheat are drilled; in the same way by one furrow, the dung is spread along the hollows, and covered by splitting the ridglets with the plough. In this way the plough opens a drill in going the length of the field, and in returning covers a drill of dung by reversing the furrow. This mode covers the dung very completely, and exhibits the field in the form of drills ; not highly raised, or widely formed, as for green crops, but flatly done, and executed for the sole purpose of covering the dung from exposure. A cross harrowing is required to level the ground when the land is seed-furrowed in October. The two drillings of one farrow are less labour than one ploughing, and cover the dung much better. Even the harrowing that is required before the seed-furrow, does not raise the expense to an equality with the ploughing of the dung into the ground. The wet nature of moist clay lands prevents the carting of dung on the surface in October,, and consequently, the manure must be applied at an earlier period, and the land ploughed again for the sowing, of seed. Cases occur-
Page 1: n mn'^ttKmMxtii VOL. XVIII. [JULY.]
Page 5 and 6: THE SOUTHERN PLANTER., RICHMOND, VI
Page 7 and 8: But for the support of these ofRcia
Page 9 and 10: legotiution, the balance is either
Page 11 and 12: and have laboured to have these law
Page 13 and 14: To Teachers. We call the attention
Page 15 and 16: — THE SOUTHERN PLANTER. 397 drops
Page 17 and 18: produced in less than one. And this
Page 19 and 20: : thing From the Farmer''s Practica
Page 21 and 22: Comotive velocity that you have not
Page 23 and 24: THE SOUTHERN PLANTER. 405 From the
Page 25 and 26: — cow, in milk and butter for fou
Page 27 and 28: Writers have differed considerably
Page 29 and 30: — I shall go into each of their h
Page 31 and 32: THE SOUTHERN PLANTER. 41S there is
Page 33 and 34: done a day's work, and until Ihe de
Page 35 and 36: with its inhaling and exhaling and
Page 37 and 38: C«
Page 39 and 40: practical labours, clearness and fu
Page 41 and 42: 152. For tlie best entire colt foal
Page 43 and 44: FAT STOCK—CATTLE. lih Class. 240.
Page 45 and 46: Judges. E. C. Jordan, Jordan's Spri
Page 47 and 48: Class VII. Fan Mill. Hay Press, Dit
Page 49 and 50: 515. For the best bushel of sweet p
Page 51 and 52: BRANCH Vm. Honorary Testimonials to
Page 53 and 54:
THE SOUTHERN PLANTER. 433 making an
Page 55 and 56:
Plants ; and we know, also, as an e
Page 57 and 58:
[^From the Valley Farmer. The Hog.
Page 59 and 60:
keep company with as many long- han
Page 61 and 62:
whose business amounts to from $800
Page 63 and 64:
the value of any crop for agricultu
Page 65 and 66:
ural and most economical fall feed
Page 67 and 68:
THE SOUTHERN PLANTER. 447 \v']\] be
Page 69 and 70:
SOUTHERN PLANTE1?,-ADVEKTIS1NG SHEE
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