The potential toxicity of Australian weeds to goats

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CHEILANTHES SPP Alternative Name: Rock fern, mulga fern Toxicity to Goats: Toxic, moderate risk Toxicity to Other Species: Toxic to cattle, sheep, horses and pigs Palatability: Seldom eaten Poisonous Principle: Thiaminases, together with norsesquiterpene glucocides, notably ptaquiloside Effects: Signs and symptoms; Two different outcomes are possible. Either depression, confusion, disinterest in surroundings, apparent blindness, head pressing and eventually recumbency with episodic convulsions. Alternately, animals may develop an anaemic condition that shows up best when they are forced to exercise, and results in their sudden collapse with laboured respiration. They may also display evidence of blood in nasal discharges, faeces or urine, together with small haemorrhages of the sensitive skin around the nose, mouth, rectum and vagina. Health and production problems; The first condition results in death within days. The second condition results in chronic anaemia and ill thrift with apparent sudden death if forced to exercise. Integrated Control Strategy: Metsulfuron methyl and a wetting agent. Improve soil and fertilise. Be aware of potential stock problems. Comments: These plants are generally avoided, but there is a tendency for them to be eaten in drought periods when it may be the only green herbage available. Casual ingestion is safe, but the 23 more protracted ingestion of significant amounts is dangerous. Small dainty, tufted, perennial ferns with erect dark green leaves. Under dry conditions the fronds curl up and may look dead, but they usually expand after rain. Found from Tasmania to north Queensland, and coastal areas to central Australia. They may occur in exposed positions in woodlands, pastures and rocky areas and can form dense carpets. Experimental evidence suggests that fern infested paddocks can be grazed safely if animals are removed after about 10 days and rested in fern-free paddocks for about three weeks.
CONIUM MACULATUM Alternative Name: Hemlock, carrot fern Toxicity to Goats: Toxic, high risk Toxicity to Other Species: Toxic to sheep, cattle, horses and pigs Palatability: Moderate Poisonous Principle: Piperidine alkaloids, notably coniine Effects: Signs and symptoms; Initially diarrhoea, then constipation and urinary incontinence. Trembling of the limb muscles, stiff uncoordinated gait, and dilated pupils. Initial excitement is followed by depression and eventually a profound weakness leading to recumbency. Health and production problems; Most affected animals will recover, but affected pregnant animals may later give birth to offspring with deformities of the skeleton, notably, twisted limbs, enlarged joints, flexed knees and elbows and curvatures of the spine. Integrated Control Strategy: GARDEN ESCAPEE Hand pull wearing rubber gloves. Slashing, just before flowering may be effective, but new growth may occur from the root base. Chemical control from seedling to flowering stage. Herbicide Group I. This plant is declared “Noxious" in Tasmania, Victoria, parts of NSW and in Queensland. Comments: This plant tends to be avoided, but sometimes may be eaten as a contaminant in garden clippings, or in hay, or may be eaten when alternative fodder is scarce. 24 It is relatively unpalatable, but avoid grazing stock on the young plant before flowering, and at seeding time. An annual or biennial plant growing up to 3 metres high, preferring moist positions. The stems are strong, hairless and hollow except at the nodes. They have purple blotches, and emit an offensive odour of mice when crushed. The leaves are fern, or carrot-like and are often mistaken for parsley. The flowers are tiny and white and form a dense cluster. The roots are long, white and fleshy. No 42 Conium maculatum AULD & MEDD © The State of New South Wales NSW Agriculture 1999
Page 1 and 2: 1 The palatability, and potential t
Page 3 and 4: CONTENTS Page Preface i A comment o
Page 5 and 6: A Comment on Weed Control ii This p
Page 7 and 8: Acknowledgements iv The response to
Page 9 and 10: Botanical name Botanical name Cinna
Page 11 and 12: Botanical name Botanical name Scler
Page 13 and 14: ACACIA GLAUCESCENS Alternative Name
Page 15 and 16: ADONIS MICROCARPA Alternative Name:
Page 17 and 18: AMSINCKIA SPP Alternative Name: Iro
Page 19 and 20: ATROPA BELLADONNA Alternative Name:
Page 21 and 22: CAESALPINIA SPP Alternative Name: B
Page 23 and 24: CASSIA ARTEMISIOIDES Alternative Na
Page 25 and 26: CASSIA EREMOPHILA Alternative Name:
Page 27 and 28: CASSIA OCCIDENTALIS Alternative Nam
Page 29: CESTRUM SPP Alternative Name: Green
Page 33 and 34: CONVALLARIA MAJALIS Alternative Nam
Page 35 and 36: CRYPTOSTEGIA GRANDIFLORA Alternativ
Page 37 and 38: DATURA STRAMONIUM Alternative Name:
Page 39 and 40: DIEFFENBACHIA SPP Alternative Name:
Page 41 and 42: DUBOISIA HOPWOODII Alternative Name
Page 43 and 44: ECHIUM PLANTAGINEUM Alternative Nam
Page 45 and 46: ERYTHROPHLEUM SPP Alternative Name:
Page 47 and 48: GASTROLOBIUM SPP Alternative Name:
Page 49 and 50: GLORIOSA SUPERBA Alternative Name:
Page 51 and 52: HELIOTROPIUM AMPLEXICAULE Alternati
Page 53 and 54: HELLEBORUS NIGER Alternative Name:
Page 55 and 56: HOMERIA SPP Alternative Name: Cape
Page 57 and 58: HYPERICUM PERFORATUM Alternative Na
Page 59 and 60: HYPERICUM TRIQUETRIFOLIUM Alternati
Page 61 and 62: IXIOLAENA BREVICOMPTA Alternative N
Page 63 and 64: LANTANA CAMARA Alternative Name: La
Page 65 and 66: LEUCAENA SPP Alternative Name: Leuc
Page 67 and 68: MACROZAMIA SPP (Bowenia spp and Cyc
Page 69 and 70: MYOPORUM ACUMINATUM Alternative Nam
Page 71 and 72: NERIUM OLEANDER Alternative Name: O
Page 73 and 74: PERSEA AMERICANA Alternative Name:
Page 75 and 76: PRUNUS SPP Alternative Name: Aprico
Page 77 and 78: RHODODENDRON SPP Alternative Name:
Page 79 and 80: SENECIO JACOBAEA Alternative Name:
Page 81 and 82:
SENECIO PTEROPHORUS Alternative Nam
Page 83 and 84:
SENECIO VULGARIS Alternative Name:
Page 85 and 86:
SOLANUM NIGRUM Alternative Name: Bl
Page 87 and 88:
STACHYS ARVENSIS Alternative Name:
Page 89 and 90:
SWAINSONA SPP Alternative Name: Dar
Page 91 and 92:
THEVETIA PERUVIANA Alternative Name
Page 93 and 94:
TRIBULUS TERRESTRIS Alternative Nam
Page 95 and 96:
XANTHIUM SPINOSUM Alternative Name:
Page 97 and 98:
AESCULUS SPP Alternative Name: Hors
Page 99 and 100:
ALOCASIA MACRORRHIZA Alternative Na
Page 101 and 102:
ANTHEMIS COTULA Alternative Name: C
Page 103 and 104:
ATALAYA HEMIGLAUCA Alternative Name
Page 105 and 106:
BRACHYCHITON POPULNEUS Alternative
Page 107 and 108:
No. 219 Aesculus spp CORNELL UNIVER
Page 109 and 110:
CARDARIA DRABA Alternative Name: Ho
Page 111 and 112:
CHENOPODIUM SPP Alternative Name: F
Page 113 and 114:
CITRULLUS COLOCYNTHIS (C. vulgaris)
Page 115 and 116:
EMEX AUSTRALIS Alternative Name: Sp
Page 117 and 118:
GNAPHALIUM SPP Alternative Name: Cu
Page 119 and 120:
No. 218 Baccharis halimifolia UNIVE
Page 121 and 122:
LIGUSTRUM SINENSE Alternative Name:
Page 123 and 124:
MELIA AZEDARACH Alternative Name: W
Page 125 and 126:
PAPAVER SOMNIFERUM Alternative Name
Page 127 and 128:
PHALARIS SPP Alternative Name: Phal
Page 129 and 130:
PORTULACA OLERACEA Alternative Name
Page 131 and 132:
RESEDA SPP Alternative Name: Wild m
Page 133 and 134:
SALSOLA KALI Alternative Name: Soft
Page 135 and 136:
SILYBUM MARIANUM Alternative Name:
Page 137 and 138:
SOLANUM LACINIATUM Alternative Name
Page 139 and 140:
SOLANUM TORVUM Alternative Name: De
Page 141 and 142:
No. 2467 Cenchrus spp NSW AGRICULTU
Page 143 and 144:
ZANTEDESCHIA AETHIOPICA Alternative
Page 145 and 146:
138 The palatability* of weeds (not
Page 147 and 148:
140 Botanical name Botanical name H
Page 149 and 150:
142 The botanical name for weeds li
Page 151 and 152:
Common Name Botanical Name great br
Page 153 and 154:
Common Name Botanical Name tobacco
Page 155 and 156:
Botanical Name Common Name Centaure
Page 157 and 158:
Botanical Name Common Name Romulea
Page 159 and 160:
FURTHER READING 152 Allan, C.J. and
Page 161 and 162:
INDEX Acacia georginae 5 Acacia gla
Page 163:
sorrel 125 soursob 117 sowthistle 1
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The potential toxicity of Australian weeds to goats

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