The potential toxicity of Australian weeds to goats

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iii into five classes: (1) the senses, (2) species and breeds, (3) individual variation, (4) previous experience and (5) physiological condition. The actual ability of goats to utilise a variety of vegetation types is attributed to their dexterity, narrower mouth, mobile upper lip, prehensile tongue and propensity to stretch upward on the hind legs to reach forage. Plant-based factors include (1) species, (2) intra specific variation, (3) chemical composition, (4) morphology or physical traits and (5) succulence or maturation. Examples of the interaction of these factors are provided in Allan and Holst (1996). The palatability to goats of some of the more common non-toxic Australian weeds allowed Allan, Holst and Campbell (1999) to formulate weed management plans based on goats: • preventing the weed from flowering and dispersing seed, • preferentially grazing the weed and so placing it at a disadvantage, • ringbarking or structurally weakening some shrub species. Including goats in a weed control program can be effective, economic and ecologically sound but their inclusion should not be assumed for each situation. To include goats, the weed has to be non-toxic; palatable or attractive to goats; and the goats and associated livestock species have to be contained and managed.
Acknowledgements iv The response to Helen's appeals for information wherever she and Jock travelled in Australia, has been overwhelming. To all who assisted, we extend our thanks but especially to Keith and Denise Aranjo, Judy Brown, Will Carrington, Dennis Coelli, Margot Hodge, Glenn Jones, Shirley Knight, Margaret Mailer, Noel Waters and Ross Worsley who provided anecdotal information on specific weeds. Cover design: Jenni Tarleton from a painting by Mrs Diana Boyer. Photographs have been generously made available by Dr BA Auld, Mr JJ Dellow, Cornell University College of Veterinary Medicine, NSW Agriculture, Dr RW Medd, Purdue University School of Veterinary Medicine, Mr DF Stanley, Mr RB Trounce, University of Pennsylvania School of Veterinary Medicine, and University of Illinois Veterinary Medicine Library. Photographs supplied by NSW Agriculture through Drs BA Auld and RW Medd are the copyright of NSW Agriculture and cannot be used for any other use without the expressed written permission of NSW Agriculture. Any use without permission will be a breach of copyright. These photographs were from this book: "Weeds. An Illustrated Botanical guide to the Weeds of Australia" Inkata Press 1999.
Page 1 and 2: 1 The palatability, and potential t
Page 3 and 4: CONTENTS Page Preface i A comment o
Page 5: A Comment on Weed Control ii This p
Page 9 and 10: Botanical name Botanical name Cinna
Page 11 and 12: Botanical name Botanical name Scler
Page 13 and 14: ACACIA GLAUCESCENS Alternative Name
Page 15 and 16: ADONIS MICROCARPA Alternative Name:
Page 17 and 18: AMSINCKIA SPP Alternative Name: Iro
Page 19 and 20: ATROPA BELLADONNA Alternative Name:
Page 21 and 22: CAESALPINIA SPP Alternative Name: B
Page 23 and 24: CASSIA ARTEMISIOIDES Alternative Na
Page 25 and 26: CASSIA EREMOPHILA Alternative Name:
Page 27 and 28: CASSIA OCCIDENTALIS Alternative Nam
Page 29 and 30: CESTRUM SPP Alternative Name: Green
Page 31 and 32: CONIUM MACULATUM Alternative Name:
Page 33 and 34: CONVALLARIA MAJALIS Alternative Nam
Page 35 and 36: CRYPTOSTEGIA GRANDIFLORA Alternativ
Page 37 and 38: DATURA STRAMONIUM Alternative Name:
Page 39 and 40: DIEFFENBACHIA SPP Alternative Name:
Page 41 and 42: DUBOISIA HOPWOODII Alternative Name
Page 43 and 44: ECHIUM PLANTAGINEUM Alternative Nam
Page 45 and 46: ERYTHROPHLEUM SPP Alternative Name:
Page 47 and 48: GASTROLOBIUM SPP Alternative Name:
Page 49 and 50: GLORIOSA SUPERBA Alternative Name:
Page 51 and 52: HELIOTROPIUM AMPLEXICAULE Alternati
Page 53 and 54: HELLEBORUS NIGER Alternative Name:
Page 55 and 56: HOMERIA SPP Alternative Name: Cape
Page 57 and 58:
HYPERICUM PERFORATUM Alternative Na
Page 59 and 60:
HYPERICUM TRIQUETRIFOLIUM Alternati
Page 61 and 62:
IXIOLAENA BREVICOMPTA Alternative N
Page 63 and 64:
LANTANA CAMARA Alternative Name: La
Page 65 and 66:
LEUCAENA SPP Alternative Name: Leuc
Page 67 and 68:
MACROZAMIA SPP (Bowenia spp and Cyc
Page 69 and 70:
MYOPORUM ACUMINATUM Alternative Nam
Page 71 and 72:
NERIUM OLEANDER Alternative Name: O
Page 73 and 74:
PERSEA AMERICANA Alternative Name:
Page 75 and 76:
PRUNUS SPP Alternative Name: Aprico
Page 77 and 78:
RHODODENDRON SPP Alternative Name:
Page 79 and 80:
SENECIO JACOBAEA Alternative Name:
Page 81 and 82:
SENECIO PTEROPHORUS Alternative Nam
Page 83 and 84:
SENECIO VULGARIS Alternative Name:
Page 85 and 86:
SOLANUM NIGRUM Alternative Name: Bl
Page 87 and 88:
STACHYS ARVENSIS Alternative Name:
Page 89 and 90:
SWAINSONA SPP Alternative Name: Dar
Page 91 and 92:
THEVETIA PERUVIANA Alternative Name
Page 93 and 94:
TRIBULUS TERRESTRIS Alternative Nam
Page 95 and 96:
XANTHIUM SPINOSUM Alternative Name:
Page 97 and 98:
AESCULUS SPP Alternative Name: Hors
Page 99 and 100:
ALOCASIA MACRORRHIZA Alternative Na
Page 101 and 102:
ANTHEMIS COTULA Alternative Name: C
Page 103 and 104:
ATALAYA HEMIGLAUCA Alternative Name
Page 105 and 106:
BRACHYCHITON POPULNEUS Alternative
Page 107 and 108:
No. 219 Aesculus spp CORNELL UNIVER
Page 109 and 110:
CARDARIA DRABA Alternative Name: Ho
Page 111 and 112:
CHENOPODIUM SPP Alternative Name: F
Page 113 and 114:
CITRULLUS COLOCYNTHIS (C. vulgaris)
Page 115 and 116:
EMEX AUSTRALIS Alternative Name: Sp
Page 117 and 118:
GNAPHALIUM SPP Alternative Name: Cu
Page 119 and 120:
No. 218 Baccharis halimifolia UNIVE
Page 121 and 122:
LIGUSTRUM SINENSE Alternative Name:
Page 123 and 124:
MELIA AZEDARACH Alternative Name: W
Page 125 and 126:
PAPAVER SOMNIFERUM Alternative Name
Page 127 and 128:
PHALARIS SPP Alternative Name: Phal
Page 129 and 130:
PORTULACA OLERACEA Alternative Name
Page 131 and 132:
RESEDA SPP Alternative Name: Wild m
Page 133 and 134:
SALSOLA KALI Alternative Name: Soft
Page 135 and 136:
SILYBUM MARIANUM Alternative Name:
Page 137 and 138:
SOLANUM LACINIATUM Alternative Name
Page 139 and 140:
SOLANUM TORVUM Alternative Name: De
Page 141 and 142:
No. 2467 Cenchrus spp NSW AGRICULTU
Page 143 and 144:
ZANTEDESCHIA AETHIOPICA Alternative
Page 145 and 146:
138 The palatability* of weeds (not
Page 147 and 148:
140 Botanical name Botanical name H
Page 149 and 150:
142 The botanical name for weeds li
Page 151 and 152:
Common Name Botanical Name great br
Page 153 and 154:
Common Name Botanical Name tobacco
Page 155 and 156:
Botanical Name Common Name Centaure
Page 157 and 158:
Botanical Name Common Name Romulea
Page 159 and 160:
FURTHER READING 152 Allan, C.J. and
Page 161 and 162:
INDEX Acacia georginae 5 Acacia gla
Page 163:
sorrel 125 soursob 117 sowthistle 1
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The potential toxicity of Australian weeds to goats

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