The potential toxicity of Australian weeds to goats

More documents

Recommendations

Info

DIGITALIS PURPUREA Alternative Name: Foxglove Toxicity to Goats: Toxic, high risk Toxicity to Other Species: Cattle, sheep. horse and donkey Palatability: Not known to be eaten Poisonous Principle: Cardiac glycocides, notably digitoxin Effects: Signs and symptoms; Depression , diarrhoea, slow irregular heart beat and eventually heart block. Health and production problems; Rapid death in some cases, but little effect in others until mustered when they may drop dead unexpectedly. Integrated Control Strategy: GARDEN PLANT Spot spray with herbicide, or weed out into disposable bags. Do not feed to livestock. Comments: Ruminants, such as the goat, are generally more tolerant of this type of plant poison than are horses and donkeys, but digitoxin is a more powerful cardiac toxin in all animal species than other cardiac glycocides. Problems may arise if the plant is fed in a mixture of garden clippings or if it is present as a contaminant in hay. This is a genus of biennials or perennials, some of which are evergreen. Plants are similar to comfrey in their first year. The leaves are soft, hairy, toothed and ovate to lance-shaped in a basal rosette in the first year. Flowering occurs in the second year, purple to white, spotted, thimble-like and drooping. The upper leaves are more toxic than the lower leaves, and are most toxic before the seeds ripen. 33 They need little soil to survive, grow in crevices of walls, hilly pastures and roadsides, and are spread by seed. Fresh plants are unpalatable to livestock. No 39 Digitalis purpurea AULD & MEDD © The State of New South Wales NSW Agriculture 1999
DUBOISIA HOPWOODII Alternative Name: Pitjuri Toxicity to Goats: Toxic, high risk Toxicity to Other Species: Toxic to cattle, sheep, horses, camels and pigs Palatability: Not known to be eaten Poisonous Principle: Pyridine alkaloids, notably nicotine Effects: Signs and symptoms; Initially diarrhoea, then constipation, urinary incontinence, trembling of the limb muscles, stiff uncoordinated gait, and dilated pupils. Initial excitement is followed by depression and eventually a profound weakness leading to recumbency. Health and production problems; Most affected animals will recover, but affected pregnant animals may give birth to offspring with deformities of the skeleton, notably, twisted limbs, enlarged joints, flexed knees and elbows and curvatures of the spine. Integrated Control Strategy: Be aware of potential stock problems. Comments: This plant is generally avoided, but hungry stock, or stock new to the area may eat it, or it may turn up as a contaminant in hay. A widely distributed and common plant found in arid regions. Grows in South Australia, NSW, Queensland, Western Australia and Northern Territory. The toxicity seems to vary with locality and stage of growth. A medium to tall shrub with corky, brownish yellow to purple bark, drooping branch tips and dark green leaves. 34 The flowers are white with purple stripes, and the berries are black, globular and fleshy. The Aborigines chewed the powdered leaves to produce a narcotising effect, and to assuage hunger. These plants are grown commercially in Queensland for production of alkaloids for drug manufacture.
Page 1 and 2: 1 The palatability, and potential t
Page 3 and 4: CONTENTS Page Preface i A comment o
Page 5 and 6: A Comment on Weed Control ii This p
Page 7 and 8: Acknowledgements iv The response to
Page 9 and 10: Botanical name Botanical name Cinna
Page 11 and 12: Botanical name Botanical name Scler
Page 13 and 14: ACACIA GLAUCESCENS Alternative Name
Page 15 and 16: ADONIS MICROCARPA Alternative Name:
Page 17 and 18: AMSINCKIA SPP Alternative Name: Iro
Page 19 and 20: ATROPA BELLADONNA Alternative Name:
Page 21 and 22: CAESALPINIA SPP Alternative Name: B
Page 23 and 24: CASSIA ARTEMISIOIDES Alternative Na
Page 25 and 26: CASSIA EREMOPHILA Alternative Name:
Page 27 and 28: CASSIA OCCIDENTALIS Alternative Nam
Page 29 and 30: CESTRUM SPP Alternative Name: Green
Page 31 and 32: CONIUM MACULATUM Alternative Name:
Page 33 and 34: CONVALLARIA MAJALIS Alternative Nam
Page 35 and 36: CRYPTOSTEGIA GRANDIFLORA Alternativ
Page 37 and 38: DATURA STRAMONIUM Alternative Name:
Page 39: DIEFFENBACHIA SPP Alternative Name:
Page 43 and 44: ECHIUM PLANTAGINEUM Alternative Nam
Page 45 and 46: ERYTHROPHLEUM SPP Alternative Name:
Page 47 and 48: GASTROLOBIUM SPP Alternative Name:
Page 49 and 50: GLORIOSA SUPERBA Alternative Name:
Page 51 and 52: HELIOTROPIUM AMPLEXICAULE Alternati
Page 53 and 54: HELLEBORUS NIGER Alternative Name:
Page 55 and 56: HOMERIA SPP Alternative Name: Cape
Page 57 and 58: HYPERICUM PERFORATUM Alternative Na
Page 59 and 60: HYPERICUM TRIQUETRIFOLIUM Alternati
Page 61 and 62: IXIOLAENA BREVICOMPTA Alternative N
Page 63 and 64: LANTANA CAMARA Alternative Name: La
Page 65 and 66: LEUCAENA SPP Alternative Name: Leuc
Page 67 and 68: MACROZAMIA SPP (Bowenia spp and Cyc
Page 69 and 70: MYOPORUM ACUMINATUM Alternative Nam
Page 71 and 72: NERIUM OLEANDER Alternative Name: O
Page 73 and 74: PERSEA AMERICANA Alternative Name:
Page 75 and 76: PRUNUS SPP Alternative Name: Aprico
Page 77 and 78: RHODODENDRON SPP Alternative Name:
Page 79 and 80: SENECIO JACOBAEA Alternative Name:
Page 81 and 82: SENECIO PTEROPHORUS Alternative Nam
Page 83 and 84: SENECIO VULGARIS Alternative Name:
Page 85 and 86: SOLANUM NIGRUM Alternative Name: Bl
Page 87 and 88: STACHYS ARVENSIS Alternative Name:
Page 89 and 90: SWAINSONA SPP Alternative Name: Dar
Page 91 and 92:
THEVETIA PERUVIANA Alternative Name
Page 93 and 94:
TRIBULUS TERRESTRIS Alternative Nam
Page 95 and 96:
XANTHIUM SPINOSUM Alternative Name:
Page 97 and 98:
AESCULUS SPP Alternative Name: Hors
Page 99 and 100:
ALOCASIA MACRORRHIZA Alternative Na
Page 101 and 102:
ANTHEMIS COTULA Alternative Name: C
Page 103 and 104:
ATALAYA HEMIGLAUCA Alternative Name
Page 105 and 106:
BRACHYCHITON POPULNEUS Alternative
Page 107 and 108:
No. 219 Aesculus spp CORNELL UNIVER
Page 109 and 110:
CARDARIA DRABA Alternative Name: Ho
Page 111 and 112:
CHENOPODIUM SPP Alternative Name: F
Page 113 and 114:
CITRULLUS COLOCYNTHIS (C. vulgaris)
Page 115 and 116:
EMEX AUSTRALIS Alternative Name: Sp
Page 117 and 118:
GNAPHALIUM SPP Alternative Name: Cu
Page 119 and 120:
No. 218 Baccharis halimifolia UNIVE
Page 121 and 122:
LIGUSTRUM SINENSE Alternative Name:
Page 123 and 124:
MELIA AZEDARACH Alternative Name: W
Page 125 and 126:
PAPAVER SOMNIFERUM Alternative Name
Page 127 and 128:
PHALARIS SPP Alternative Name: Phal
Page 129 and 130:
PORTULACA OLERACEA Alternative Name
Page 131 and 132:
RESEDA SPP Alternative Name: Wild m
Page 133 and 134:
SALSOLA KALI Alternative Name: Soft
Page 135 and 136:
SILYBUM MARIANUM Alternative Name:
Page 137 and 138:
SOLANUM LACINIATUM Alternative Name
Page 139 and 140:
SOLANUM TORVUM Alternative Name: De
Page 141 and 142:
No. 2467 Cenchrus spp NSW AGRICULTU
Page 143 and 144:
ZANTEDESCHIA AETHIOPICA Alternative
Page 145 and 146:
138 The palatability* of weeds (not
Page 147 and 148:
140 Botanical name Botanical name H
Page 149 and 150:
142 The botanical name for weeds li
Page 151 and 152:
Common Name Botanical Name great br
Page 153 and 154:
Common Name Botanical Name tobacco
Page 155 and 156:
Botanical Name Common Name Centaure
Page 157 and 158:
Botanical Name Common Name Romulea
Page 159 and 160:
FURTHER READING 152 Allan, C.J. and
Page 161 and 162:
INDEX Acacia georginae 5 Acacia gla
Page 163:
sorrel 125 soursob 117 sowthistle 1
show all

The potential toxicity of Australian weeds to goats

Create successful ePaper yourself

Delete template?

Save as template?