Enhancing Biodiversity Hotspots Along Western Queensland Stock ...

ENHANCING BIODIVERSITY HOTSPOTS 

ALONG WESTERN QUEENSLAND 

STOCK ROUTES 

Report Prepared By Bryan Walsh / South West NRM, May 2009

Cover photos 

Top left: A black-shouldered kite (Elanus axillaris) 

Top right: Major Mitchell’s cockatoos (Lophochroa leadbeateri) 

Centre: A drover moving cattle 

Bottom left: A yakka skink (Egernia rugosa) 

Bottom right: A Euro, or common wallaroo (Macropus robustus) 

(All photos were taken by B. Walsh) 

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Executive summary 

The Stock Route Network (SRN) of western Queensland has significant economic 

value for pastoralists, and has significant habitat for biodiversity. The network covers 

a range of habitats that stretch from the border with New South Wales to the Gulf of 

Carpentaria, which in turn support a variety of biodiversity that include many 

conservation priorities for Queensland. However, a number of threats to the SRN, 

compounded by a lack of knowledge about the conservation priorities, are 

compromising the management of this resource. 

In order to improve the management of the natural values of the SRN, this project 

sought to identify some of the biodiversity hotspots on the stock routes of western 

Queensland, and provide recommendations for their management in order to achieve 

the greatest conservation benefits. 

To achieve these objectives, the project partners (Southern Gulf Catchments Ltd., 

Desert Channels Queensland Inc., South West NRM Ltd., Queensland Murray 

Darling Committee Inc., and the Department of Environment and Resource 

Management) were supported by funds from the Australian Government to map and 

identify potential sites, carry out field visits to verify values and threats, and to make 

management recommendation for identified biodiversity hotspots. 

This project identified 47 biodiversity hotspots as well as other sites of high nature 

conservation or geological value, and sites that require further research. For each 

biodiversity hotspot the biological values were identified (including the presence of 

priority species), as well as the threats, current management, and recommended 

management actions. 

The condition of the biodiversity hotspots and stock routes were comparable to the 

management of the station or protected area they adjoin or traverse, and many were 

in good condition. However, common threats were habitat degradation from weeds, 

competition/predation by introduced animals, inappropriate fire regime, damage to 

springs by feral pigs, and overgrazing by stock in some areas. 

Mitigating the threats to these biodiversity hotspots will require: an increased 

awareness of the values and management needs of these sites amongst the local 

stakeholders; a focus of management on the recommended actions; and increased 

coordination amongst stakeholders to make the greatest conservation gains with 

limited resources. 

The recommendations in this report can be used to help focus the work programmes 

of relevant stakeholders, as well as leverage for the funding required to conserve 

these biodiversity hotspots. 

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Contents 

Executive Summary 3 

List of maps 5 

List of tables 5 

List of plates 5 

Introduction 7 

Project objectives 8 

Project area 8 

Project methodology 9 

The format of this report 11 

The Southern Gulf NRM region 12 


Biodiversity hotspots 14 

Sites recommended for further research 24 

Additional findings 24 

The Desert Channels NRM Region 26 



Sites of high nature conservation value 50 

Sites recommended for further research 50 


The South West NRM Region 55 



Sites of high nature conservation and geological values 96 


The Border Rivers Maranoa-Balonne NRM Region 102 




Conclusions 121 

Acknowledgements 122 

References 122 

Acronyms 123 

Appendix 1: Priority species 124 

Appendix 2: Data sheet for site visits 126 

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List of maps 

Map 1. The Stock Route Network of western Queensland. 8 

Map 2. Biodiversity hotspots of the Southern Gulf NRM Region. 13 

Map 3. Biodiversity hotspots of the Desert Channels NRM Region. 27 

Map 4. Biodiversity hotspots of the South West NRM Region. 57 

Map 5. Biodiversity hotspots of the Border Rivers Maranoa-Balonne NRM 

Region. 103 

List of tables 

Table 1. Biodiversity hotspots and sites recommended for further research in the 

Southern Gulf NRM Region. 12 

Table 2. Biodiversity hotspots and sites of high nature conservation value in the 

Desert Channels NRM Region. 26 

Table 3. Biodiversity hotspots and sites of high nature conservation and 

geological values in the South West NRM Region. 56 

Table 4. Biodiversity hotspots in the Border Rivers Maranoa-Balonne NRM 

Region. 102 

List of plates 

Plate 1. Charles Curry by the predator-proof fence at the Julia Creek Airport. 15 

Plate 2. Hell’s Gate sandstone outcrop. 16 

Plate 3. Aboriginal art gallery at Hell’s Gate. 17 

Plate 4. Gregory River at the Lawn Hill crossing. 18 

Plate 5. Cattle grazing damage to Pandanus aquaticus. 19 

Plate 6. Purple-crowned fairy-wren in Pandanus aquaticus. 20 

Plate 7. Rapids on the O’Shannassy River. 22 

Plate 8. The buff-sided race of the white-browed robin. 25 

Plate 9. Bilby burrow with fresh scats and tail-marks. 28 

Plate 10. Bilby diggings. 29 

Plate 11. Captive bilby. 30 

Plate 12. Waddy tree (Acacia peuce) damage where a branch has been 

removed. 31 

Plate 13. Hell Hole Gorge. 33 

Plate 14. Yellow-footed rock-wallaby. 34 

Plate 15. Elizabeth Springs. 35 

Plate 16. “Big Red” sand dune. 37 

Plate 17. Lake Galilee. 39 

Plate 18. Lake Dunn. 41 

Plate 19. The recreational beach on Lake Dunn. 42 

Plate 20. Myross Springs. 44 

Plate 21. Old Cork Waterhole. 45 

Plate 22. McIlwraith Homestead. 46 

Plate 23. Chainsaw damage from fire wood collection. 46 

Plate 24. Coopers Creek Waterhole. 48 

Plate 25. Black-faced woodswallow. 51 

Plate 26. Spinifex pigeon. 52 

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List of plates continued 

Plate 27. Northern quoll. 53 

Plate 28. Squatter pigeon. 53 

Plate 29. Steve Wilson holds up a Collett’s snake road fatality. 54 

Plate 30. Lake Dartmouth. 58 

Plate 31. Native liquorice flower. 59 

Plate 32. Langlo Crossing on the Langlo River. 60 

Plate 33. Ooline Park. 62 

Plate 34. Harrisia cactus. 63 

Plate 35. Ooline trees. 65 

Plate 36. Overnight cattle stock camp after rain. 67 

Plate 37. Womal. 69 

Plate 38. Bundoona Springs. 70 

Plate 39. The mistletoe Amyema quandang. 72 

Plate 40. Lake Bindegolly with an approaching storm in the distance. 74 

Plate 41. A juvenile Murray cod. 76 

Plate 42. The CFRC releasing Murray cod fingerlings. 77 

Plate 43. Erosion at Bakers Bend. 78 

Plate 44. Tagging a mature Murray cod for release. 79 

Plate 45. Koala at Boatman Station. 80 

Plate 46. Water lettuce at Cunnamulla Weir. 81 

Plate 47. Yakka skink. 82 

Plate 48. Active rabbit warren with yakka skinks. 84 

Plate 49. Yakka skink scats. 86 


Plate 51. Major Mitchell’s cockatoo with crest extension. 92 

Plate 52. Major Mitchell’s cockatoo road fatality. 52 

Plate 53. Major Mitchell’s cockatoo feeding on a desert paddy melon on the 

road verge. 53 

Plate 54. Oak Swamp. 96 

Plate 55. Adavale Escarpment. 97 

Plate 56. The pig-proof fencing around Tego Springs. 98 

Plate 57. Barakula State Forest. 104 

Plate 58. Womal trees. 106 


Plate 60. Little red flying-fox colony on the Balonne River. 110 

Plate 61. Beranga Reserve – “The Lilies”. 114 

Plate 62. The daisy Rutidosis lanata. 116 

Plate 63. Cobb & Co corduroy coach track. 118 

Plate 64. Aboriginal well. 119 

Plate 65. Parthenium weed. 120 

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Introduction 

Queensland’s Stock Route Network (SRN) is a web of stock routes, roads and 

reserves for travelling stock that covers most of the State. This network is a rich 

inherited legacy that has far greater benefits than just the movement of livestock, 

which was and still is their primary role. 

The stock routes were formally recognised between the 1860s and 1890s, although 

human usage of these routes goes back much earlier. Aboriginal trade routes had 

traditionally followed the best hunting trails and permanent watering sites, so it is little 

wonder that indigenous knowledge was sought to survey for pastoral settlement and 

movement of livestock when the stock routes were established. This pragmatic 

approach resulted in the retention of some of our best biodiversity sites throughout 

the SRN of western Queensland, including dry season water holes which are the 

refugia for aquatic life in a land of pulsing seasons. 

As this network stretches from the Queensland border with New South Wales to the 

Gulf of Carpentaria, it supports a diverse range of threatened species and habitats 

from springs of the Great Artesian Basin, to Brigalow woodlands, to the tropical rivers 

of the Gulf country. Further evidence of the biodiversity value of the stock routes, 

their connectivity, and remnant vegetation, is illustrated by the number of National 

Parks and Conservation Reserves that either have stock routes connecting with the 

park, or dissecting them completely (such as Diamantina National Park and Hell Hole 

Gorge). In total, this amounts to 28 National Parks and two Bush Heritage 

Conservation Reserves in the four Natural Resource Management (NRM) regions of 

Western Queensland. There are also 55 declared State Forests which are in some 

way connected to stock routes. 

Under the Land Protection (Pest and Stock Route Management) Act 2002, the 

administration of the SRN is shared between local Government and the Department 

of Environment and Resource Management (DERM) (formerly the Department of 

Natural Resources and Water and the Environmental Protection Agency). Local 

government is responsible for day-to-day management, while DERM is responsible 

for providing the framework of legislation and policy for stock route management and 

support for local governments. As not all of the SRN is currently used to move stock, 

stock routes are classified into either active (primary, secondary and minor) and inactive. 

The values of the SRN of western Queensland are under threat from multiple 

pressures that include inappropriate grazing regimes, feral animals and weeds. Due 

to the vast scale of the area, and high costs of management, current management of 

the stock routes is highly fragmented. Additionally, a low appreciation of the multiple 

assets of the SRN has limited the willingness of managers to protect their values. 

It is not possible to manage this entire network equally due to its scale, nor would 

that be necessary because of the habitat fragmentation across the landscape from a 

history of human impacts. However, by identifying biodiversity hotspots, and 

recommendations for their management, it would be possible to direct management 

of the SRN to conserving the most significant biodiversity values while maintaining 

the primary purpose of the network, which is the movement of stock 

In order to achieve this, this project was initiated by a consortium consisting of 

DERM, the four Natural Resource Management bodies of Western Queensland – 

Southern Gulf Catchments (SGC), Desert Channels Queensland (DCQ), South West 

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NRM (SWNRM), and Queensland Murray Darling Committee (QMDC) – and funded 

by the Australian Government. 

Project objectives 

The primary objectives of this project were to identify biodiversity hotspots on the 

SRN of western Queensland, and suggest recommended actions to address any 

threats to these sites. 

Project area 

The SRN of western Queensland covers approximately 1,844,000 hectares (i.e. 57% 

of Queensland or 83% of the State’s stock route network), and includes about 75,000 

kilometres of stock routes (Map 1). In comparison, all of Britain and Ireland would fit 

into this project area three times. This area is made up of four NRM regions: 

The Southern Gulf region (managed by Southern Gulf catchments Ltd.), 

The Desert Channels region (managed by Desert Channels Queensland Inc.), 

The South West region (managed by South West NRM Ltd.), and 

The Border Rivers Maranoa-Balonne region (managed by the Queensland 

Murray Darling Committee Inc.). 

Map 1. The Stock Route Network of western Queensland. 

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Project methodology 

In order to achieve the objectives of identifying biodiversity hotspots and 

recommended management actions over a vast geographic area, and within the 

timeframe of April 2008 – May 2009, the project followed three major steps. 

1. Prioritisation of sites, using the ‘Back on Track species prioritisation framework’ 

and using maps that overlayed multiple values, 

2. Field visits, to confirm the values and threats to each site, and 

3. Selection of biodiversity hotspots, using specific criteria. 

1. Prioritisation of sites 

The ‘Back on Track species prioritisation framework’ 

The project used DERM’s ‘Back on Track species prioritisation framework’ as the 

basis for identifying potential biodiversity hotspots, because this framework identifies 

where invested resources can make the greatest gains in conserving Queensland’s 

threatened species. 

The 'Back on Track species prioritisation framework' prioritises Queensland's native 

species (marine, terrestrial and aquatic species of flora and fauna) to guide 

conservation, management and recovery. Species are prioritised using multiple 

criteria to allow the identification of those that are in trouble or decline, but which 

have the greatest chance of recovery. As ‘Back on Track’ assess all species 

regardless of their current conservation listing, species identified as priorities within 

the project area include those listed under the Environment Protection and 

Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999, Queensland’s Nature Conservation Act 1992, 

and species not listed under either Act (Appendix 1). 

Both ‘Back on Track’ and this project are encouraging a multi-species approach to 

make the most of management resources. ‘Back on Track’ encourages focussing on 

the common threats of multiple priority species, and this project aimed to identify 

biodiversity hotspots (i.e. sites of multiple species). By using known records of where 

priority species are found on the SRN of western Queensland, this project has 

identified biodiversity hotspots where management actions will achieve the greatest 

conservation benefits. 

Map production 

To identify potential biodiversity hotspots, maps were produced that overlayed 

multiple values. 

Firstly, a combined map was produced using ArcGIS for the entire area with the 

various regional boundaries delineated. This was overlayed with an updated stock 

routes shape file, and buffered to one kilometre each side for the purposes of 

connectivity and linkages in the landscape. The timeframe to complete this extended 

from May to August 2008 due to delays in obtaining updated shape files and security 

clearances. 

The records of ‘Back on Track’ priority species (Appendix 1), from the DERM WildNet 

database, was then overlayed on top of the map layer of the stock routes. 

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Additional data such as the location of national parks, state forests, conservation 

reserves, Non-Government Organisations (NGO) conservation holdings (such as 

Bush Heritage), wetlands, regional ecosystems, and bio-regions were also added to 

the map overlays. A concerted effort was made to engage key people personally 

rather than by correspondence, to explain the project and defuse any misconceptions 

as to its purpose. 

Engaging with knowledgeable people from the different regions was an invaluable 

source of information. This resulted in historical recollection, identification of 

additional biodiversity sites, and on-ground knowledge of the greatest threats such as 

feral animals and weeds, with the potential to impact on the biodiversity. 

Finally, all this information was collated, and due to the scale of the project, compiled 

into topographical map books at a scale 1:250,000 for each region. This created a 

soundly based foundation from which to launch on-ground site inspections and 

determine potential biodiversity hotspots. 

2. Field visits 

From August 2008 – March 2009 the potential biodiversity hotspots identified on the 

maps were checked in the field. These field trips involved driving approximately 

80,000 kilometres of stock route. 

There were two purposes of the field visits: Firstly, to collect data on potential sites; 

and secondly, to meet and communicate with stock route officers and adjacent 

landholders in order to gather local knowledge and engage them in the project. 

At each site, data was gathered to confirm the priority species, other biological 

values, and threats present, and any current management (Appendix 2). Where 

possible, attempts were made to camp at sites in order to maximise the time spent at 

potential biodiversity hotspots and the data collected on each site. 

Threats to biodiversity were documented at all sites. However, site inspections took 

into account other activities in the area of concern, e.g. soil erosion. Some threats 

are still not well known such as fire regime for different species, and the 

advancement of cane toads. 

Drought was still dominant throughout most of the western area at the time of 

commencement, and conditions and access were hot and dusty, particularly in the 

Gulf. This was dramatically reversed by the onset of an exceptional monsoonal wet 

season which saw most of the Gulf and further south inundated with flood waters 

during the term of this project. 

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3. Selection of biodiversity hotspots 

In order to select biodiversity hotspots, the project’s advisory group (made up of 

representatives of the project’s partners) developed a list of criteria against which the 

sites visited could be assessed. These criteria were: 

1. The presence of (multiple) priority species, and their abundance. 

2. The physical constraints: adjoining land use, knowledge of the threats, and 

the ability to manage the threats (on-ground). 

3. The social constraints (level of engagement): cooperation of land manager in 

the area, and the opportunity for cooperative management. 

4. Active vs. inactive stock routes (despite receiving little use by travelling stock, 

inactive stock routes may be more heavily grazed than active routes, either 

under permit, because they are not fenced or because they are being grazed 

unlawfully). 

5. Connectivity to adjoining habitat (such as links to national parks, nature 

refuges and voluntary conservation agreements). 

6. The shape and size of regional ecosystems (REs), and the percentage of the 

stock route site that is mapped as REs. 

The format of this report 

This report presents the biodiversity hotspots identified by this project, and 

recommendations for their management. As this information has been gathered to 

improve the management of biodiversity on the SRN of western Queensland, the 

target audience for this report are the stock route managers, be they local 

government, State government, or adjoining landholders. However, this report will 

also be of use to all involved and/or interested in the conservation of biodiversity on 

stock routes. 

To facilitate the presentation of this information, this report is divided into the four 

NRM regions that comprise western Queensland (i.e. Southern Gulf, Desert 

Channels, South West, and Border Rivers Maranoa-Balonne). Each regional chapter 

begins with a table listing the biodiversity hotspots and the local government area in 

which they are located. The rest of each regional chapter expands on each 

biodiversity hotspot describing their biodiversity values, threats, current management 

and recommended actions. Where the conservation status of other species are 

mentioned (such as Rare and Vulnerable), these are as listed under the Nature 

Conservation Act 1992. 

The report ends with two appendices. Appendix one is a list of the priority species 

used by this project (as identified through the ‘Back on Track species prioritisation 

framework’). Appendix two is a copy of the data sheet used for field visits, for when 

information needs to be gathered on additional potential biodiversity hotspots. 

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The Southern Gulf NRM Region 

Introduction 

The Southern Gulf NRM region covers an area of 195,000 square kilometres, and 

encompasses the catchments of Flinders, Cloncurry, Leichhardt, Gregory and 

Nicholson Rivers, Settlement Creek and Morning Inlet, all of which drain into the Gulf 

of Carpentaria. The region has five bio-regions: Mount Isa Inlier, Mitchell Grass 

Downs, Gulf Plains, Desert Uplands and Einsleigh Uplands, and comprises all or part 

of 9 shires including the Doomadgee and Mornington Shires. In the northern part of 

the region are the Southern Gulf Aggregation wetlands, which are wetlands of high 

significance. 

When the project commenced in May 2008, it was decided to make the first visits to 

this region in order to avoid the wet season across northern Australia that can make 

mobility almost impossible. As it turned out the 2008 – 2009 wet season was one of 

the wettest on record with extensive inundation over an exceptionally long period of 

time. 

A total of 23 site inspections were made throughout the region, of which five were 

considered to be biodiversity hotspots using the selection criteria (Table 1 and Map 

2). 

Site Recommendation Local Government Area 

1. Julia Creek Airport Biodiversity Hotspot McKinlay Shire 

2. Hell’s Gate Biodiversity Hotspot Burke Shire 

3. Gregory River Crossing 

(1) 

Biodiversity Hotspot Mount Isa City 

4. Gregory River Crossing 

(2) 

Biodiversity Hotspot Burke Shire 

5. O’Shannassy River Biodiversity Hotspot Mount Isa City 

6. Gregory/O’Shannassy Further Research Burke Shire 

Rivers 

Table 1. Biodiversity hotspots and sites recommended for further research in the 

Southern Gulf NRM Region. 

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Map 2. Biodiversity hotspots of the Southern Gulf NRM Region. 

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Biodiversity hotspots 

Site 1. Julia Creek Airport 

STOCK ROUTE NUMBER: P012 

PRIORITY SPECIES: Animals: 

Julia Creek dunnart (Sminthopsis douglasi). 

RATING: BIODIVERSITY HOTSPOT 

SHIRE COUNCIL: McKINLAY SHIRE 

The Julia Creek Airport is already a focus for management actions for the Julia Creek 

dunnart (Sminthopsis douglasi). This is because there is strong community support 

for the species and its promotion as a tourist icon, and because a population was 

discovered around the airport. In conjunction with the Julia Creek community, 

McKinlay Shire Council, DERM, and Southern Gulf Catchments Ltd. (SGC), a 

predator-proof fence has been constructed around the airport and part of the stock 

route (which is an active Reserve), to protect an existing population of the dunnart 

from predation by feral cats and foxes. (The Shire has the authority to fence off part 

of the SRN reserve for this purpose). 

THREATS: The major threat to the Julia Creek dunnart is predation by cats, foxes 

and dogs. Overgrazing and weed invasion, in particular parkinsonia (Parkinsonia 

aculeata), would degrade the quality of habitat. The advancement of cane toads into 

the area is an unknown, but is expected to have a further negative impact. 

CURRENT MANAGEMENT: In conjunction with McKinlay Shire Council, DERM is 

actively ensuring all predator species are eliminated from within the predator-proof 

fenced site (Plate 1). Ongoing monitoring and management is planned for the future 

with the cooperation of all involved. 

RECOMMENDATIONS: It is recommended that the current maintenance of the 

predator-proof fence and predator control be maintained, and planned on-going 

monitoring be implemented. 

A draft National Recovery Plan for the Julia Creek dunnart has been prepared by 

DERM in conjunction with the Australian Government. This document is a blue print 

for best practice management, and recommends the implementation of baiting and 

shooting for cats and foxes, which has been successful in national parks. This 

practice should be incorporated along with the current Shire Pest and Weed 

Management Plan, if it is not already being implemented. 

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Plate 1. Charles Curry (SGC) by the predator-proof fence at the Julia Creek 

Airport (Photo: B. Walsh). 

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Site 2. Hell’s Gate (Burketown – Borroloola Road) 

STOCK ROUTE NUMBER: U124 


Carpentaria grasswren (Amytornis dorothea); and, 

red goshawk (Erythrotriorchis radiatus). 


SHIRE COUNCIL: BURKE SHIRE 

Situated on the main Burketown to Borroloola Road, Hell’s Gate is a large sandstone 

outcrop (Plate 2) that is a well known bird watching site, specifically for the 

Carpentaria grasswren (Amytornis dorothea). The site is believed to be a favourite 

destination for the Gulf Savannah Guides, as it has other sandstone species and 

excellent connectivity to an escarpment that runs through to the Northern Territory 

border and beyond. Hell’s Gate also has cultural significance with Aboriginal art 

galleries (Plate 3) and a rock shelter, where ochre grinding cups in the solid rock give 

testimony to its historic usage. 

Plate 2. Hell’s Gate sandstone outcrop – habitat of the Carpentaria grasswren 

(Photo: B. Walsh). 

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Plate 3. Aboriginal art gallery at Hell’s Gate (Photo: B. Walsh). 

THREATS: While Carpentaria grasswrens are able to tolerate low intensity, mosaic 

burns, they are susceptible to high intensity wildfires because they are relatively poor 

flyers and dispersers (Dr. Leasie Feldorhof, pers. comm.). Apart from high intensity 

fires, predation from feral cats and dogs, and excessive camping are the greatest 

threats in this area. Vegetation clearing and overgrazing are not threatening issues in 

this rocky spinifex terrain as it is lowly rated for grazing purposes, and additionally the 

stock route at this site is inactive. 

CURRENT MANAGEMENT: Burke Shire Council has undertaken some minor 

access road works to the site. However, this has not stopped tourists creating 

additional tracks throughout the site for access and camping. 

RECOMMENDATIONS: In order to minimize the impact of tourists to the site, and 

their disturbance to Carpentaria grasswren, a priority action needs to be restricting 

the number of camping sites and vehicle access tracks. Additionally, the installation 

of bollards to direct traffic to camping sites and avoid the current proliferation of new 

sites is strongly recommended, as is the erection of good interpretive signage to 

raise awareness. In order to protect the Aboriginal art galleries, strategic fencing or 

barriers needs to be installed (Sullivan, 1984). 

The control of predators in this isolated site would be futile without a broader 

coordination in the surrounding area. Therefore, the area will need coordinated 

baiting between the Department of Employment, Economic Development and 

Innovation (DEEDI) (formerly the Department of Primary Industries), Burke Shire 

Council, and DERM. 

Finally, it is recommended that low-intensity, mosaic burns are used for any fire 

management in the area in order to protect the Carpentaria grasswrens. 

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Site 3. Gregory River Crossing (1) (Riversleigh Station) 

STOCK ROUTE NUMBER: U 079 

PRIORITY SPECIES: Plants: 

Pandanaus aquaticus. 

Animals: 

purple-crowned fairy-wren (Malurus coronatus), 

red goshawk (Erythrotriorchis radiatus), and 

ghost bat (Macroderma gigas). 


SHIRE COUNCIL: MOUNT ISA CITY 

The Gregory River (Plate 4) is one of the most renowned perennial systems in the 

Top End of Australia. It is spring-fed, combines with the O’Shannassy River, and has 

recently been classified as a ‘Wild River’ under the Queensland Wild Rivers and 

Other Legislation Amendment Act 2005. This rich, tropical river system supports 

multiple priority species living along and adjacent to the riparian edges, and winds 

through rugged low escarpments where undoubtedly ghost bat (Macroderma gigas) 

roosts along with other species. 

Plate 4. Gregory River at the Lawn Hill crossing (Photo: B. Walsh). 

THREATS: Although feral predators such as cats undoubtedly have some predation 

impact on the faunal species, the greatest threats to Gregory River area come from 

overgrazing, inappropriate fire regime, feral pigs and weeds. The riparian edges of 

this system come under a lot of grazing pressure during the dry season, especially in 

the case of Pandanus aquaticus that cattle graze out over the waters edge (Plate 5). 

Cane toads have already invaded this area, with minimal ‘before and after’ surveys to 

quantify impact. 

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Plate 5. Cattle grazing damage to Pandanus aquaticus (Photo: B. Walsh). 

CURRENT MANAGEMENT: The need for fencing to protect the riparian area of this 

site has already been recognised, and work has been undertaken with the 

cooperation of SGC, DERM and the adjacent property manager resulting in the 

fencing of both sides of the Gregory River through to Riversleigh Station. 

RECOMMENDATIONS: It is recommended that the current fence be maintained (a 

particular concern in this flood-prone area), and that the fencing be extended to 

protect the riparian area upstream from the crossing in order to improve the 

protection of the site. 

Improved coordination of pest and weed management between DEEDI, Mount Isa 

City Council, SGC and landholders would also improve the effectiveness and 

conservation benefits of these actions. 

It is not recommended to implement any control of cane toads, because until a 

pathogen is found to biologically control cane toads, manual or mechanical control in 

isolated localities provides very limited benefits. 

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Site 4. Gregory River Crossing (2) (Burketown - Borroloola Road) 




Animals: 

purple-crowned fairy-wren (Malurus coronatus). 


SHIRE COUNCIL: BURKE SHIRE 

As with the Gregory River Crossing at Riversleigh Station, this site has multiple 

priority species including Pandanaus aquaticus and purple-crowned fairy-wren 

(Malurus coronatus) (Plate 6). In addition there is an abundance of other species 

such as white-bellied sea-eagle (Haliaeetus leucogaster), white-browed robin 

(Poecilodryas superciliosa), Australian freshwater crocodile (Crocodylus johnsoni), 

and northern saratoga (Scleropages leichardti). 

Plate 6. Purple-crowned fairy-wren in Pandanus aquaticus (Photo: B. Walsh). 

THREATS: The greatest threat to this site is overgrazing of the riparian area. Other 

major threats are habitat degradation by feral pigs and weeds, predation by feral 

cats, and cane toads that are fatal to native fauna which ingest the toads (especially 

crocodiles and goannas). Because this site is on a busy road during the dry season, 

garbage is also an issue. 

CURRENT MANAGEMENT: The Burke Shire Council has a management regime in 

place, including the provision of garbage bins. 

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RECOMMENDATIONS: The highest priority for this site is the installation of strategic 

fencing to protect the riparian area from grazing, which needs to involve the Burke 

Shire Council and adjacent landholder. These northern, tropical rivers are subject to 

annual flooding; therefore the maintenance of any installed fencing is of paramount 

importance. 

As for the Gregory River Crossing at Riversleigh Station, this site would also benefit 

from improved coordination of pest and weed management between DEEDI, Burke 

Shire Council, SGC and landholders. 

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Site 5. O’Shannassy River (Lawn Hill Road) 




Animals: 

purple-crowned fairy-wren (Malurus coronatus), and 

red goshawk (Erythrotriorchis radiatus). 


SHIRE COUNCIL: MOUNT ISA CITY 

The O’Shannassy River is a spring-fed perennial system that joins the Gregory River 

on Riversleigh Station, with some evidence of limestone tufa formations along its 

rapids. As it shares the same aquatic system as the Gregory River, it also has the 

same priority species present. 

Although the stock route at this site is inactive, the riparian edges are still overgrazed 

by local stock. Negotiations between SGC, Riversleigh Station and DERM have 

resulted in fencing off the Gregory River Crossing, with fencing extensions to other 

flowing streams on Riversleigh Station. 

Plate 7. Rapids on the O’Shannassy River (Photo: B. Walsh). 

THREATS: The major threats to the O’Shannassy River at Lawn Hill Road are 

overgrazing of the riparian area, habitat degradation by feral pigs and weeds, and 

cane toads that are fatal to native fauna which ingest the toads. There is also 

advanced erosion on the stock route adjacent to the river, and evidence of wildfire 

through the riparian Melaleuca forest. 

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CURRENT MANAGEMENT: As with the Gregory River, negotiations have 

commenced with between SGC, Riversleigh Station and DERM to fence-off the 

riparian area. 

RECOMMENDATIONS: As overgrazing is a major threat, it is recommended that the 

negotiations between SGC, Riversleigh Station and DERM be continued and the 

strategic fencing be installed to protect the riparian area. 

An erosion control strategy plan is needed to address the damage that exists 

between the two rivers in order to avoid further impact on water quality and arrest 

degradation of the landscape. 

As for the two hotspots on the Gregory River (Sites 3 and 4), coordination of pest 

and weed management would improve the effectiveness and conservation benefits 

of these actions. 

23

Sites recommended for further research 

The Gregory and O’Shannassy Rivers 

As the Gregory River system is so rich in multiple species, anywhere stock routes 

cross its banks would rate as a biodiversity hotspot. Despite dry season overgrazing, 

the system is still considered relatively intact. This is supported by: the river receiving 

Wild River status; that 15% is in national park; and, that there are no towns (apart 

from the Gregory River township) or dams along its watercourse. 

There is a great need to identify what are the key sites along both the Gregory and 

O’Shannassy Rivers, as the entire system would probably rate as a biodiversity 

hotspot using this project’s criteria. 

RECOMMENDATION: It is recommended that further surveys and research to 

assess the presence and abundance of priority species, and to identify key sites and 

areas of connectivity and landscape linkage across the whole system. 

Additional findings 

An additional 17 sites were visited with data recorded for DERM’s WildNet database. 

These included such species that are not ‘priority species’ under ‘Back on Track, but 

are still uncommon and of conservation interest. These species include the blackbreasted 

buzzard (Hamirostra melanosternon), small-leaved ebony (Diospyorus 

humilis), and a deceased specimen of the greater glider (Petauroides volans) that 

was picked up off a barbed wire fence north of Hughenden. The Queensland 

Museum now holds the specimen which is believed to be the western- most 

recording of the species. 

Sarus crane (Grus antigone) were in numerous small flocks south of Burketown on 

the stock route reserve, with evidence of both mature and juvenile birds. 

The buff-sided race of the white-browed robin (Poecilodryas superciliosa race 

cerviniventris) was active and plentiful at the Borroloola crossing of the Gregory River 

(Plate 8). This site would be approximately the eastern extent of the distribution of 

this race. 

Little data exists on WildNet for the area north of Hughenden and Julia Creek in the 

Southern Gulf NRM region. Because of the mixed landscapes, soils, remnant forests 

and escarpments of the area, surveys would reveal more priority species on stock 

routes in this area. 

24

Plate 8. The buff-sided race of the white-browed robin 

(Poecilodryas superciliosa cerviniventris) (Photo: B. Walsh). 

In conjunction with DEEDI, SGC undertook a survey of the rivers in the Southern Gulf 

NRM region (Hogan and Vallance, 2005). In the results of this report the Flinders 

River was highlighted, as it has several endemic species (including priority sawfish 

and stingray species) and has dry season water holes that are proven refugia for fish 

species in the region. It is strongly suggested that any future surveys visit sites where 

stock routes cross this river. 

25

The Desert Channels NRM Region 

Introduction 

The Desert Channels NRM region covers an area of 510,642 square kilometres, 

which is approximately 33% of Queensland. The two main catchments of this NRM 

region, the Georgina / Diamantina system in the west, plus the combination of the 

Barcoo and Thompson Rivers, join to become Cooper Creek and make up the 

largest part of the Lake Eyre Basin catchment. The region has seven bioregions, 

which are the: Simpson Strzelecki Dune fields, North-West Highlands, Mulga Lands, 

Channel Country, Desert Uplands, Mitchell grass Downs, and the Brigalow Belt 

South (Sattler and Williams, 1999). The Desert Channels NRM region comprises 12 

Shires, and approximately 14,000 people who are mostly involved in the pastoral 

industry, tourism, and some mining. 

The Desert Channels NRM region has by far the greatest area of all the NRM regions 

in Queensland, and it was difficult to cover the area adequately in the timeframe of 

this project. However, a total of 35 site inspections were made, of which 10 were 

considered to be biodiversity hotspots using the selection criteria (Table 2 and Map 

3). 


1. Bedourie – Birdsville 

Road 

Biodiversity Hotspot Diamantina Shire 

2. Birdsville/Bedourie Biodiversity Hotspot Diamantina Shire 

3. Hell Hole Gorge 

National Park 

Biodiversity Hotspot Quilpie Shire 

4. Elizabeth Springs Biodiversity Hotspot Diamantina Shire 

5. “Big Red” Sand Dune Biodiversity Hotspot Diamantina Shire 

6. Lake Galilee Biodiversity Hotspot Barcaldine Shire 

7. Lake Dunn Biodiversity Hotspot Barcaldine Shire 

8. The Big Spring Biodiversity Hotspot Barcaldine Shire 

9. Old Cork Waterhole Biodiversity Hotspot Winton Shire 

10. Cooper Creek Biodiversity Hotspot Barcoo Shire 

11. Jericho Reserve High Nature Conservation 

Value 

Barcaldine Shire 

12. Isisford – Stonehenge 

Road 

Further Research Blackall Shire 

Table 2. Biodiversity hotspots, sites of high nature conservation value, and sites 

recommended for further research in the Desert Channels NRM Region. 

26

Map 3. Biodiversity hotspots of the Desert Channels NRM Region. 

27


Site 1. Bedourie – Birdsville Road (Linkage with Adria Downs Station) 



greater bilby (Macrotis lagotis). 


SHIRE COUNCIL: DIAMANTINA SHIRE 

There are many historic records of greater bilby (Macrotis lagotis) in the Birdsville 

region. Regrettably, many of these records are just that, historic, and indicate a 

former distribution of where the bilby once occurred. However, a site inspection and 

quick ground survey undertaken at one of these old sites along the stock route north 

of Birdsville discovered evidence of a large bilby population in the area. 

A total of 63 active bilby burrows were located along and adjoining the stock route. 

Using the technique of brushing away all tracks at burrow entrances at dusk and rechecking 

the entrances in the morning, it was possible to determine that these 

burrows were being actively used as there was the presence of fresh scats and tailmarks 

(Plate 9). Additional evidence included signs of bilby diggings (from foraging) 

(Plate 10), and the remains of a bilby foot was found under a tree that was possibly 

dropped by a raptor. Scats were also collected and positively identified by a 

researcher at DERM, with the quantity of scats around the burrows suggesting a 

reasonably sized population. 

Plate 9. Bilby burrow with fresh scats and tail-marks (Photo: B. Walsh). 

28

Plate 10. Bilby diggings (Photo: B. Walsh). 

THREATS: The major threat to this bilby population are food competition from 

rabbits, and artificial watering points that could be points of predation. There is also 

the threat of predation from feral cats, foxes and dogs, which are present but not in 

high numbers. It is unlikely that the current light stocking rates could be increased at 

this site and be a threat to the bilbies, as the type of country could not support a high 

density of cattle. The stock route is currently unused and unfenced, resulting in minor 

grazing in the area where the bilby burrows were found. 

CURRENT MANAGEMENT: None. Although: positive discussions have taken place 

between Desert Channels Queensland Inc. (DCQ) and the adjoining landholder, as 

connectivity of this site to adjoining habitat is of paramount importance for the 

protection of the population; and, DCQ have also installed road signage in the area to 

encourage motorists to reduce their speed in order to avoid bilby road fatalities. 

RECOMMENDATIONS: Further surveys are needed to determine the extent and 

distribution of the bilby population at this site, and to more accurately prioritise the 

threats to the population. Staff from DCQ will undertake a survey of the site, and the 

results will be used by DCQ, the landholder, DERM and Diamantina Shire Council to 

determine the recommended management. 

It is strongly recommended that a cooperative effort is made by DERM and DCQ to 

further survey and attempt to locate other bilby populations on stock routes, as they 

are believed to still exist at other sites on stock routes SRN U465, U501, U461, and 

P001 (Peter McCrae, pers. comm.). 

29

Plate 11. Captive bilby at the DERM office Charleville (Photo: B. Walsh). 

30

Site 2. Birdsville/Bedourie 



At this site the following priority species are known to 

occur: common death adder (Acanthophis 

antarcticus), woma (Aspidites ramsayi), and kowari 

(Dasyuroides byrnei) (Steve Wilson, pers. comm.). 



This site is a biodiversity hotspot for common death adder (Acanthophis antarcticus), 

woma (Aspidites ramsayi), and kowari (Dasyuroides byrnei). Apart from these priority 

species this site is also known for western taipan (Oxyuranus microlepidotus), and 

has a large stand of waddy tree (Acacia peuce) of which there are only three known 

stands in Australia. As the trees are scattered over an area approximately 10 

kilometres by 3 kilometres that is traversed by the stock route, and has extensive 

habitat linkages with the adjoining landholder, this habitat is undoubtedly an 

important site for bird breeding and feeding. The waddy tree is an important part of 

local Aboriginal mythology and a dream time story is told at this site. The local 

community is supportive of the site, and have erected a shade area and interpretive 

information bay for tourists. 

Plate 12. Waddy tree (Acacia peuce) damage where a branch has been removed 


THREATS: The major threats to the kowari and juvenile womas are feral cats and 

foxes, and the major threat to the habitat are collectors of waddy tree (for both 

firewood, wood-turning and fence-posts), grazing of the regenerating trees, and a 

lack of knowledge about the reproductive ecology of the trees. 

31

CURRENT MANAGEMENT: None, although there is a tourist information site 

maintained by the Diamantine Shire Council. 

RECOMMENDATIONS: It is recommended to implement control actions for feral 

cats and foxes at this site, which would benefit the priority species. Any pest control 

should be in coordination with Diamantina Shire Council and adjacent landholders. 

In an environment where trees are sparse, the waddy tree is an important breeding 

and feeding habitat for bird species, as well as a rare species itself. It is 

recommended that there are discussions between the adjoining landholder, 

Diamantina Shire Council and DCQ with a view to manage this unique habitat. It 

would also be beneficial if the existing interpretive information for tourists be 

expanded to make it more comprehensive and inclusive of biodiversity. 

32

Site 3. Hell Hole Gorge National Park 



Emmott’s short-neck turtle (Emydura macquarii 

emmotti), and 

yellow-footed rock-wallaby (Petrogale xanthopus 

celeris). 


SHIRE COUNCIL: QUILPIE SHIRE 

Hell Hole Gorge is a restricted access national park with the stock route running 

straight through the park along Powell Creek. A small gorge of approximately 20 

metres in depth has been cut through the composite rock by Powell Creek (Plate 13). 

A fallen rock formation in the Gorge is home to a population of yellow-footed rockwallaby 

(Petrogale xanthopus celeris) (Plate 14). Emmott’s short-neck turtle 

(Emydura macquarii emmotti) exist in permanent pools. 

Plate 13. Hell Hole Gorge (Photo: B. Walsh). 

33

Plate 14. Yellow-footed rock-wallaby (Photo: B. Walsh). 

THREATS: There is no threat from overgrazing by cattle as this stock route is 

inactive. Major threats are predation from feral cats, foxes and dogs, and potential 

displacement and overgrazing by goats. Illegal fishing and netting may also be a 

threat. Throughout the area feral pigs are predators on turtle nests, and if confirmed 

at this site would also be a major threat. 

CURRENT MANAGEMENT: Periodic feral control in Hell Hole Gorge National Park 

is implemented by DERM, and goat numbers appear to be under control. There is 

very little surface soil around the Gorge, and weeds are not prominent around the 

Rock Wallaby colony. 

RECOMMENDATIONS: Any management actions should be in coordination with 

DERM, nearby Milo Station, and the Quilpie Shire Council, especially in order to 

maximise the benefits of feral animal control on a landscape scale and not just in the 

national park. 

An intensive survey is recommended to look at any potential habitat corridors for 

yellow-footed rock-wallaby that would improve the connectivity between this 

population and possible others on local properties. Adjoining landholders are 

supportive of such an initiative. 

The turtle and fish population at this site is sometimes subjected to the pressure of 

overfishing. Regulatory signage at the gorge itself, combined with opportunistic 

inspections from Charleville and Longreach rangers, would improve the protection of 

these species. 

34

Site 4. Elizabeth Springs 



Eriocaulon carsonii, and 

Myriophyllum artesium. 

Animals: 

Elizabeth Springs goby (Chlamydogobius 

micropterus). 



Elizabeth Springs consists of multiple springs spread over 20 – 30 hectares (Plate 

15). They are the classic mound spring formation, standing at 1 – 2 metres above the 

surrounding land. The water in the springs is shallow, but runs down the mounds to 

lower pools. 

The Elizabeth Springs goby (Chlamydogobius micropterus) is a small and timid fish 

that is sighted when it darts between submerged weeds and detritus. The species is 

both present and abundant, and is possibly benefiting from fencing installed by 

DERM to exclude cattle, which would graze the springs if they were unfenced. 

Plate 15. Elizabeth Springs (feral pig rooting damage in the foreground) 


THREATS: The major threats to this site are habitat degradation from groundwater 

drawdown, habitat degradation from pig rooting and wallowing, and invasive weeds 

(especially parkinsonia). There are also potential impacts from: the illegal collection 

of native fish; competition/displacement from accidental introduction of mosquitofish 

35

(Gambusia sp.) that can be transported under the feathers of waterfowl; and 

overgrazing if stock break through into the fenced area. 

CURRENT MANAGEMENT: The fencing installed by DERM has partially limited 

overgrazing and trampling by cattle. However, pigs still frequent the area and impacts 

from their rooting and wallowing continue to occur. 

RECOMMENDATIONS: To improve the mitigation of pest and weed threats to this 

site, combined management by the Diamantina Shire Council, DERM and DCQ is 

recommended. 

The exclusion of cattle from Elizabeth Springs does seem to be beneficial. A similar 

experiment is strongly recommended with pig-proof fencing around some of the 

mounds within the enclosed area. Exclusion of feral pigs, followed by careful 

monitoring, would help identify, quantify and isolate pig damage as well as verifying 

the benefits of fencing. 

Other experiences such as the successful fencing of Tego Springs on the stock route 

through Culgoa Floodplain National Park resulted in the regrowth of 37 plant species 

that were not there prior to fencing, including the rare Sporobolus partimpatens 

(Craig Eddy, pers. comm.) 

A recovery plan is being jointly developed by the Commonwealth and Queensland 

Government Agencies. However, inadequate information on individual spring 

management has meant that an effective management programme for Elizabeth 

Springs has not yet been developed. Gathering adequate information to inform 

management should be a high priority for the conservation of this Endangered 

regional ecosystem. 

As the mound springs are so unique with so many endemic species, consideration 

should be given to the establishment of a monitoring programme to determine if new 

weed or invasive species such as mosquitofish (Gambusia sp.) are introduced, 

especially in the Desert Channels Queensland NRM region where so many of these 

springs are located. 

36

Site 5. “Big Red” Sand Dune 



striated grasswren (Amytornis striatus). 



The “Big Red” sand dune is a tourist destination, rising some 100 metres above the 

surrounding swales, which is found on the stock route due west from Birdsville. 

Despite the popularity of this section of track for motor vehicles, a brief survey 

revealed an abundance of life including a family of striated grasswrens (Amytornis 

striatus). During the field visit the grasswrens were unafraid, and a positive 

identification was made by sight and photographs. 

Plate 16. “Big Red” sand dune (Photo: B. Walsh). 

THREATS: The major threats at this site are predation from feral cats, foxes and 

dogs, minor impacts from inappropriate fire regime, and possibly some impact from 

rabbits removing vegetation and as a result reducing the abundance of insects. 

Another threat is uncontrolled four-wheel driving, which damages the entire dune 

ecology. Unlike rabbits, the impact from cattle grazing is limited as it is restricted by 

the proximity to water. 

CURRENT MANAGEMENT: There is no current management for striated 

grasswrens at this site. 

RECOMMENDATIONS: Feral animal control is the management priority for this site 

area, with a particular focus on the control of feral cats, foxes and dogs. To 

realistically control feral animals at this site would require addressing these threats 

37

across the adjoining landscape, which in turn would require coordination of feral 

control between stakeholders. Of great benefit would be collaboration with the 

scientific research undertaken by the Invasive Animals CRC. 

In terms of visitor management to the site, there needs to be restriction of four-wheel 

drive activities to the main track. Interpretive signage on local species such as the 

striated grass wren and dune ecology would also be valuable to raise visitor 

awareness and appreciation of the striated grasswren and the dune ecology. 

A follow up survey is recommended for the area, as other uncommon species such 

as cinnamon quail-thrush (Cinclosoma cinnamomeum) and gibberbird (Ashbyia 

lovensis) were also noted in the vicinity. 

38

Site 6. Lake Galilee (Hazelmere Station) 



Australian painted snipe (Rostratula australis). 


SHIRE COUNCIL: BARCALDINE SHIRE 

Lake Galilee is an exceptional saline lake of approximately 40 kilometres by 30 

kilometres in dimension (Plate 17), and has an Endangered regional ecosystem 

(10.3.17) in the south-west corner of the lake on the stock route reserve. The lake is 

a migratory stop over for birds and is considered to be of importance to many 

species. Many of the bird species that breed at the lake are ground breeders. The 

sodic clay soils produce plants that are not regarded as highly palatable to stock, but 

they are still grazed. 

Plate 17. Lake Galilee (Photo: B. Walsh). 

THREATS: The major threats to this site are predation from feral cats, foxes and 

dogs, habitat degradation by rabbits, and habitat degradation from weeds such as 

parkinsonia (Parkinsonia aculeata). It is unknown what the advancement of cane 

toads will do to this lake, but because the waters are mostly saline this may minimise 

impact. On the stock route reserve there is some impact from previous tree clearing, 

but this does not appear to be a current threat. 

CURRENT MANAGEMENT: None. 

39

RECOMMENDATIONS: Over the years, many of these large unfenced stock route 

reserves have, understandably, become regarded as part of station management 

with no objection from Government agencies. Therefore, dialogue needs to be 

established with these properties to re-emphasise the status of the stock route 

network and their regulations. 

The current moratorium on tree clearing under the Vegetation Management Act 1999 

should prevent future clearing on stock route reserves, but there is a need for a 

sustainable grazing agreement to be negotiated with the station management 

adjoining Lake Galilee. 

It would be beneficial to the ground nesting birds if pest control activities could 

coincide with breeding patterns, so as to minimize the levels of predation when eggs 

and fledglings are present. 

Finally, there is the need to assess the breeding and roosting sites around Lake 

Galilee to determine if some sites warrant fencing-off from feral predators. 

40

Site 7. Lake Dunn (The Lake Station) 

STOCK ROUTE NUMBER: M033 





Lake Dunn is a freshwater lake that is the inland recreational beach for the people 

from the Aramac area, and on its western side there is a large stock route reserve. It 

is already designated as a wildlife sanctuary, and is an important stop over for 

migratory species. The lake also supports native shrimp, crayfish and yellow belly 

(Macquaria ambigua) making it an important food source for birds as well as other 

wildlife. 

Plate 18. Lake Dunn (Photo: B. Walsh). 

41

Plate 19. The recreational beach on Lake Dunn (Photo: B. Walsh). 

THREATS: The major threats to Lake Dunn are overgrazing of the lake edge, habitat 

degradation by rabbits and weeds, and predation of native wildlife by feral cats and 

foxes. (According to the local stock routes officer, feral foxes and cats are on the 

increase in this region). The introduction of red claw yabbies (Cherax 

quadricarinatus) to the system for fishing purposes, and the advancement of cane 

toads, have the potential to become the greatest threats because the lake is fresh 

water and would provide suitable habitat to both. 

CURRENT MANAGEMENT: Barcaldine Shire Council manages the access road and 

public facilities through their Aramac office. 

RECOMMENDATIONS: Given there are complexities with the management of Lake 

Galilee (as it is a Wildlife Sanctuary, a recreational destination, and a major stock 

route reserve utilised by adjoining property owners), a priority is to engage the 

Barcaldine Shire Council in discussions on the long term management of the lake. It 

is strongly recommend that a Lake Dunn Management Plan be developed to address 

the current and potential threats to this significant aquatic system. 

42

Site 8. The Big Spring (Myross Station) 



Peplidium sp. (Edgbaston R.J.Fensham 3341). 

Animals: 

Edgbaston goby (Chlamydogobius squamigenus), and 

Edgbaston hardyhead (Craterocephalus sp). 



Although Big Spring is situated off stock route (on Myross Station), it has a 

considerable overflow into the adjoining Pelican Creek, which is on the stock route 

and where the priority species are also present. The spring itself is of exceptional 

standards, the dimensions of an Olympic swimming pool dimensions (albeit shallow) 

and with an active permanent discharge of potable water (Plate 20). 

The stock route is active, but minor, and droving is usually confined to the more 

easily traversed road verges, as a large expanse of soft spinifex (Triodia pungens) 

surrounds the springs. Cattle show a preference to drink out of Pelican creek rather 

than the springs. 

One of the biological questions posed by this site is that although the entire area is 

periodically inundated when Lake Mueller floods, the aquatic species can still be 

found at the springs after the floods (D. Hay, pers. comm.). 

The interaction between Big Spring, Pelican Creek, Lake Mueller, and the movement 

of the priority fish species through this aquatic system, makes this site a biodiversity 

hotspot as it supports priority species and maintains important linkages. 

THREATS: The major threats to this site are illegal collection of native fish species, 

overgrazing by stock, and habitat degradation from pig rooting and wallowing. 

Potential threats include the potential draw-down of the water for stock, accidental 

introduction of mosquitofish (Gambusia sp.), the arrival of cane toads, and the spread 

of parkinsonia weed. 

CURRENT MANAGEMENT: The running water from the springs is channelled off for 

stock purposes under the station management. 

RECOMMENDATIONS: It would be of benefit if this site is included in the Barcaldine 

Shire Council pest and weed management programme, with a particular focus on pig 

control. 

It is also important to keep open dialogue with the management of Myross Station 

regarding the management of the spring and stock route. 

The site should also be monitored for the potential future arrival of invasive species 

such as mosquitofish (Gambusia sp.), cane toads, and parkinsonia weed. 

43

Plate 20. Myross Springs (Photo: B. Walsh). 

44

Site 9. Old Cork Waterhole (Winton – Birdsville Road) 




At this site the following species are also known to 

occur: the kultarr (Antechinomys laniger) that is 

found on the adjoining dunes and listed as Rare 

under the NCA, the red-tailed black-cockatoo 

(Calyptorhynchus banksii), and an undescribed 

species of turtle (Steve Wilson, pers. comm.) 


SHIRE COUNCIL: WINTON SHIRE 

The Old Cork Waterhole is a site of both natural and historic significance on the 

Diamantina River (Plate 21). Overlooking the area is the historic homestead of 

Queensland’s past Premier McIlwraith (Plate 22), and the waterhole itself is one of 

the exceptional refugia for aquatic species in the Desert Channels NRM region. Such 

refugia are becoming more recognised as exceptionally significant sites for fish 

assemblages of the flood plain river systems, as well as other wildlife, and need 

special management consideration. Little work has been done on these sites, and an 

undescribed turtle is known to exist in the Old Cork Waterhole. The site is situated on 

an active stock route. 

Plate 21. Old Cork Waterhole (Photo: B. Walsh). 

45

Plate 22. McIlwraith Homestead (Photo: B. Walsh). 

THREATS: The major threat to this site are overgrazing by cattle, overfishing and the 

illegal netting of fish, predation by feral cats and foxes, habitat degradation by weeds, 

cane toads, and excessive tourist impacts from vehicle traffic, camping and wood 

collection along the riparian edges using chainsaws (Plate 23). 

Plate 23. Chainsaw damage from firewood collection (Photo: B. Walsh). 

46

CURRENT MANAGEMENT: Desert Channels Queensland has undertaken the 

preservation of the old McIlwraith homestead and the protection of some red-tailed 

black-cockatoo (Calyptorhynchus banksii) breeding hollows. 

RECOMMENDATIONS: It is strongly recommend that a visitor and landscape 

management plan be developed in conjunction with management of the adjoining 

station. Of importance is addressing the damage caused by tourists collecting 

firewood at this site (and other sites in western Queensland). It would be beneficial to 

engage with Winton Shire Council to put up signs on the approach to the Old Cork 

Waterhole, in order to encourage tourists to gather wood along the roadside before 

they reach this site. This site should also be a high priority list for pest and animal 

control delivered by Winton Shire Council. 

As tourist numbers are on the increase, consideration should be given by the Shires 

of Western Queensland for a combined public education programme that would 

address sustainable camping and fishing, to foster a continued enjoyment of the 

outback. 

47

Site 10. Cooper Creek Waterhole (Windorah) 




At this site the following species are also known to 

occur: the kultarr (Antechinomys laniger) that is found 

on the adjoining dunes and listed as Rare under the 

NCA, the red-tailed black-cockatoo (Calyptorhynchus 

banksii), and an undescribed species of turtle (Steve 

Wilson, pers. comm.). 

RATING: BIODIVERSITY HOTSPOT. 

SHIRE COUNCIL: BARCOO SHIRE 

The Cooper Creek Waterhole (Plate 24) is 37 metres deep and an important refugia 

for fish and turtle assemblages. It eventually discharges into Lake Eyre, providing 

brood stock for the many bird and aquatic species that explode in numbers after a big 

‘wet season’ (as witnessed during the course of this project). The connectivity of this 

site and others with the Windorah floodplains and their high fish production is well 

documented (Balcombe and Arthington, 2009). Additionally, Major Mitchell’s 

cockatoos (Lophochroa leadbeateri) and red-tailed black-cockatoos 

(Calyptorhynchus banksii) are known to use the riparian old growth trees for 

breeding. 

Plate 24. Coopers Creek Waterhole (Photo: B. Walsh). 

THREATS: The major threats to this site are overgrazing by cattle, overfishing, 

predation by feral cats and foxes, habitat degradation by weeds, and visitor impacts 

from excessive camping and firewood collection. Cane toads have been recorded at 

48

Windorah but their presence at this site is unknown at the time of report writing 

(Stephen Peck, pers. comm.). 

CURRENT MANAGEMENT: The Barcoo Shire Council has established an 

interpretative drive, and maintains garbage bins. 

RECOMMENDATIONS: As with the Old Cork Waterhole, this popular destination has 

reached a point where the next protective management step needs to be taken by 

developing a management plan. Firewood gathering sites should be designated, and 

chainsaw usage should be banned. There also needs to be a public awareness 

campaign to highlight the values of the site, and what visitors need to do to help 

conserve those values. 

It is recommended that further survey work be undertaken at this site (and other 

similar waterholes) to determine the presence and abundance of priority species. 

Most existing data records are biased, as they have been collected during the dry 

season when mobility is easy, rather than during the wet season when there is 

abundant wildlife but also when floods restrict access. 

49

Sites of high nature conservation value 

Site 11. Jericho Reserve 


PRIORITY SPECIES: Unknown 

RATING: HIGH NATURE CONSERVATION VALUE 


Although the vegetation between Lake Dunn and Jericho is in a poor state from the 

recent drought, there is a strong demarcation when entering the stock route reserve 

north of Jericho. This extensive stock route reserve consists of intact remnant 

vegetation and is in very good condition. 

THREATS: Major threats to the Jericho Reserve are habitat degradation from weeds, 

predation from feral animals, and a lack of knowledge of what species of flora and 

fauna exist at the site. 

RECOMMENDATION: The first priority for this site is a survey to determine 

presence/abundance of priority species, the quality of habitat, and assess the 

importance of the threats. 


Site 12. Isisford – Stonehenge Road 



RATING: Further Research 

SHIRE COUNCIL: BLACKALL SHIRE 

This site may be a possible hotspot as common death adder (Acanthophis 

antarcticus) are known from the area (Angus Emmott, pers. comm.), and a number of 

birds (such as black-faced woodswallow (Artamus cinereus), Plate 25) were seen in 

the scattered, remnant brigalow trees. 

50

THREATS: Unknown. 

Plate 25. Black-faced woodswallow (Photo: S. Wilson). 


RECOMMENDATIONS: The site requires a more intensive survey to confirm the 

presence of any priority species and identify their threats. 

51


Spinifex pigeons (Geophaps plumifera) (Plate 26) were recorded as far south as 

Adavale adjacent to the Blackwater River, which would be about the extent of their 

southern distribution. 

Plate 26. Spinifex pigeon (Photo: B. Walsh). 

It is of significant interest that two northern quoll specimens (Dasuyrus hallucatus) 

(Plate 27), have been handed into DERM from the township of Tambo during the 

time of this project. As the town is surrounded by stock route with remnant 

vegetation, it is most probable that these specimens inhabited this habitat. These 

specimens would be the western most records in Queensland of this priority species. 

52

Plate 27. Northern quoll (Photo: T. Hughes). 

Squatter pigeon (Geophaps scripta) (Plate 28) were also recorded at Lake Galilee, 

which would be close to the western extent of their range. 

Plate 28. Squatter pigeon (Photo: B. Walsh). 

53

Two specimens of the Rare Collett’s snake (Pseudechis colletti), which is endemic to 

the Mitchell Grass Downs, were found on stock routes. Both specimens were road 

fatalities (Plate 29), and one was the largest specimen ever recorded (and was given 

to the Queensland Museum by DCQ). 

Plate 29. Steve Wilson (DCQ) holds up a Collett’s snake road fatality 


Major Mitchell’s cockatoos (Lophochroa leadbeateri) are a priority species and in the 

Desert Channels NRM region they were observed in flocks of up to 25 during field 

visits. However, these observations were always of cockatoos feeding 

opportunistically on melons growing on the roadside, and these sites did not warrant 

‘biodiversity hotspot’ status. 

In the Desert Channels NRM region cane toads appear to be encroaching from the 

east as well as from the north, and are now in the upper catchments of the Warrego 

and Maranoa Rivers. 

Lastly, a confirmed sighting of a western taipan (Oxyuranus microlepidotus) was 

made by DCQ staff along the Bedourie – Birdsville stock route during April 2009. 

54

The South West NRM Region 

Introduction 

The South West NRM region covers an area of 186,200 square kilometres and four 

catchments: the Bulloo, Paroo, Warrego, and Nebine Rivers. The Paroo, Warrego 

and Nebine Rivers all eventually connect with the Darling River, which has both local 

and national significance. In the NRM region there is representation of four 

bioregions: the Mitchell Grass Downs, Channel Country, Brigalow belt, and the 

majority of the area being Mulga Lands. Most of the residents in this region are in the 

pastoral industry, tourism, some mining, and Charleville is a centre for kangaroo and 

goat harvesting and processing. 

A total of 51 sites were visited, 21 of which were biodiversity hotspots, three were of 

high nature conservation value, and one site was of high geological value (Table 3 

and Map 4). 

55


1. Lake Dartmouth Biodiversity Hotspot Quilpie Shire 

2. Langlo Crossing Biodiversity Hotspot Murweh Shire 

3. Ooline Park Biodiversity Hotspot Murweh Shire 

4. Morven/Tregole Road Biodiversity Hotspot Murweh Shire 

5. Mungallala/Mitchell 

Road (1) 

Biodiversity Hotspot Murweh Shire 

6. Mungallala/Mitchell 

Road (2) 


7. Morven/Tregonning 

Road 


8. Bundoona Springs Biodiversity Hotspot Paroo Shire 

9. Currawinya National 

Park 

Biodiversity Hotspot Bulloo Shire 

10. Lake Bindegolly Biodiversity Hotspot Bulloo Shire 

National Park 

11. Ward River Biodiversity Hotspot Murweh Shire 

12. Bakers Bend Biodiversity Hotspot Murweh Shire 

13. Dillalah Waterhole Biodiversity Hotspot Murweh Shire 

14. Boatman Road (1) Biodiversity Hotspot Murweh Shire 





19. Riversleigh Road Biodiversity Hotspot Murweh Shire 

20. Angelalla Biodiversity Hotspot Murweh Shire 

21.Charleville/Augathella 

Road 


22. Oak Swamp High Nature Conservation 

Value 

Murweh Shire 

23. Adavale Escarpment High Nature Conservation 

Value 

Quilpie Shire 

24. Tego Springs High Nature Conservation 

Value 

Paroo Shire 

25. Yowah Creek Area of High Geological Paroo Shire 

Value 

26. Murra Murra Further Research Paroo Shire 

Table 3. Biodiversity hotspots and sites of high nature conservation and geological 

values in the South West NRM Region. 

56

Map 4. Biodiversity hotspots of the South West NRM Region. 

57


Site 1. Lake Dartmouth (Charleville – Adavale Road) 



native liquorice (Glycyrrhiza acanthocarpa). 



Lake Dartmouth (Plate 30) covers approximately 10,000 hectares and was made a 

nature refuge during the time of this project. It is also listed under the Environment 

Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 as a wetland of national 

importance, and gives rise to Ambathalla Creek which is part of the Warrego River 

catchment. 

The lake only floods periodically (the last flood is believed to be in 1989, Neil Marks, 

pers. comm.), but when it floods it transforms into a dynamic semi-arid wetland 

teeming with birdlife, which retains water for many years. The yellowbelly fish 

(Macquaria ambigua) found in Lake Dartmouth are extremely slow growing and some 

work has been undertaken to determine if they are a unique sub-species. Bi-valve 

mussels are also prolific in the system, and there is evidence of Aboriginal 

occupation in the form of broken grind stones. 

At the time of the project, the lake dried back to holes along Ambathalla creek. 

However, this freshly exposed ground is suitable to the growth of native liquorice 

(Glycyrrhiza acanthocarpa) (Plate 31), which was both present and abundant in 

January – February 2009. 

Plate 30. Lake Dartmouth (with native liquorice in the foreground) (Photo: B. Walsh). 

58

Plate 31. Native liquorice flower (Photo: B. Walsh). 

THREATS: The major threats to Lake Dartmouth are overgrazing from cattle and 

goats, and habitat degradation by weeds. Predation from feral cats, foxes and dogs 

is a threat to other fauna that are attracted to the area during and after floods. 

CURRENT MANAGEMENT: The site is being managed by the adjoining 

landholders, and is now a nature refuge. 

RECOMMENDATIONS: The stock route that crosses this site is classified as active, 

and traverses the northern end of the lake. It is recommended that droving permits 

emphasise expedient crossing of this section of the lake system, and prohibit the 

overnight camping of stock along this section in order to maintain water quality and 

prevent overgrazing of bluebush (Chenopodium auricomum). It would be of benefit if 

the section of stock route that traverses the lake could also be included in the 

management of the nature refuge management, especially in respect to the control of 

pests and weeds. 

The threat of predators to ground-nesting birds from feral cats, foxes and dogs can 

be addressed by co-operative pest and weed management between the adjacent 

landholders, Quilpie Shire Council and DERM. Although feral goats and rabbits also 

have the potential to impact on vegetation, the current practice of goat harvesting 

appears to be keeping goats under control. 

59

Site 2. Langlo Crossing (Charleville – Adavale Road) 



Murray cod (Maccullochella peelii peelii) 


SHIRE COUNCIL: MURWEH SHIRE 

Langlo Crossing (Plate 32) was once a thriving community of which there is no 

evidence today. The red gums and coolabahs along the extensive riparian edges are 

some of the largest to be seen in the region, and in excellent condition. Koalas 

(Phascolarctos cinereus) are known to live in this location, and other common 

species of wildlife are abundant. 

In the past, Murray cod (Maccullochella peelii peelii) were caught here frequently, 

and recently there has been another sighting. The Charleville Fishing and Restocking 

Club (CFRC), in conjunction with DEEDI, are proposing to restock these historic 

aquatic sites with cod. The CFRC is also participating in ‘catch and release’ recording 

of Murray cod with DEEDI, which is an invaluable monitoring tool. Water quality and 

retention of snags is of paramount importance to this species and all other aquatic 

native species. 

Plate 32. Langlo Crossing on the Langlo River (Photo: B. Walsh). 

THREATS: The major threats to this site are overgrazing by cattle of the riparian 

area that reduces water quality, habitat degradation by weeds, and overfishing. 

Additionally, carp (Cyprinus carpio) are found throughout this aquatic system and 

compete and displace Murray cod. 

60

CURRENT MANAGEMENT: In conjunction with the DEEDI, the CFRC monitors 

Murray cod at known locations on a recreational basis. 

RECOMMENDATIONS: The most practical and effective management option for 

Murray cod at this site is to support the ongoing work of the CFRC and DEEDI. 

Static grazing permits of this site, or any reserves adjacent to aquatic refugia, should 

be restricted or carefully monitored to avoid overgrazing and siltation of these critical 

habitats. 

61

Site 3. Ooline Park (Mungalalla – Mitchell) 



ooline (Cadellia pentasylis). 



Ooline Park (Plate 33) is already recognised by the Queensland Department of 

Transport and Main Roads (DTMR) with a location sign for tourists and basic 

amenities. There is a healthy stand of ooline trees (Cadellia pentasylis) on both sides 

of the road, with the majority on the southern side (which is about 200 m wide and 

not as eroded). 

This site is on a primary active stock route, and many herds of up to 2,500 cattle 

were driven along this route to the Roma market during 2008-2009. Fortunately stock 

are usually driven on the northern side of the road (the side with the fewest ooline 

trees), as there is a watering dam on this side of the reserve. 

Plate 33. Ooline Park (Photo: B. Walsh). 

62

THREATS: The major threats to Ooline Park are overgrazing by cattle, habitat 

degradation by rabbits (which leads to erosion), collectors of wood for both firewood 

and wood-turning, inappropriate fire regime, and habitat degradation from weeds 

such as harrisia cactus (Eriocereus sp.) (Plate 34). 

Although gravel extraction for road maintenance and construction is not currently 

occurring at this site, it has happened in the past and is a potential future threat. 

Because ooline grows on gravely ridges, which are rare in this black soil country and 

so are often sites favoured by road crews as sites to extract gravel. Therefore it is 

important all regional council and DTMR road crews are made aware of the 

identification of ooline and encouraged to mitigate the impacts of any potential gravel 

extraction. 

Plate 34. Harrisia cactus (Photo: B. Walsh). 

CURRENT MANAGEMENT: Murweh Shire Council is well aware of the priority 

species and issues along this section, and has devoted additional resources to 

controlling harrisia cactus. 

RECOMMENDATIONS: This stock route comes under more pressure than most, as 

it is the site where stock routes converge before cattle are driven to the Roma 

market. Consequently, the high density of cattle compounds the conservation threats 

to the site and Murweh Shire Council will need additional support for the 

management of these threats. 

As the erosion on the upper side of the watering dam (situated on the northern side 

of the road) is quite pronounced, it will need remedial action with some diversion 

earthworks and restoration. Consideration should be given to the removal of the dam, 

as its present location is a traffic hazard because cattle gather around this watering 

point and some animal spill on to the road (stock fatalities have previously occurred 

63

here), and if a new watering point was established further towards Mitchell this 

difference in distance would not disadvantage drovers. 

It is also recommended that there should be no camping of stock overnight in the 

vicinity and stock should be expedited through the park. This would not 

inconvenience drovers either as there is minimal stock feed at this site. Designated 

overnight camping zones would prevent overgrazing of priority species, or trampling 

of the habitat of another priority species – the collared delma (Delma torquata). 

Consideration should be given to develop a comprehensive zoned management plan 

along the Morven to Mitchell section of stock route P002, as there are five priority 

species (ooline, womal (Acacia maranoensis), painted honeyeater (Grantiella picta), 

collared delma (Delma torquata), and diamond firetail (Stagonopleura guttata)) and 

three identified biodiversity hotspots along this route that are currently being 

considered in isolation. Management of specific sites may need to include some 

fencing of ooline and womal (Acacia maranoensis) in the more vulnerable locations. 

64

Site 4. Morven – Tregole Road (opposite Tregole Park) 






This site is a triangular reserve on an inactive stock route opposite Tregole National 

Park. It is one of the best stands of ooline (Cadellia pentasylis) (Plate 35) visited 

during the field visits for this project, as the trees were abundant and intermixed with 

bottle trees (Brachychiton rupestris). This reserve is approximately 300 metres by 

100 metres, and as it is opposite Tregole National Park it has good connectivity. The 

site also has a road on all sides that provides good protection from wildfires. 

Plate 35. Ooline trees (Photo: B. Walsh). 

THREATS: The major threats to this reserve are overgrazing by cattle, habitat 

degradation by rabbits, inappropriate fire regime, collectors (for both firewood and 

wood turning), and habitat degradation by weeds. 

CURRENT MANEGEMENT: None. 

RECOMMENDATIONS: It is recommended that there needs to be negotiations 

between Murweh Shire Council and DTMR to recognise this site as an area of ‘no 

disturbance’, which would avoid accidental clearance or gravel extraction. Inclusion 

of the site in the shire pest and weed management programme is also 

recommended. 

65

Site 5. Mungalala – Mitchell Road (1) (Warrego Highway) 






Although the ooline trees (Cadellia pentasylis) at this site are scattered along either 

side of the highway, they do however consist of both mature and regenerating trees, 

and so the site is valuable as a biodiversity hotspot. 

THREATS: The major threats to this site are overgrazing by cattle, habitat 

degradation by rabbits, wood collectors, inappropriate fire regime, gravel extraction, 

road widening, and habitat degradation by weeds. 

CURRENT MANAGEMENT: None. Although along the nearby section of the 

Warrego Highway there is work being undertaken by Murweh Shire Council to 

address weeds, especially harrisia cactus (Eriocereus sp.), which is part of the weed 

control for Ooline Park (site 3, pp. 62-64). 

RECOMMENDATIONS: As for Ooline Park, it is recommended that there needs to 

be negotiations between Murweh Shire Council and DTMR to recognise this site as 

an area of ‘no disturbance’, which would avoid accidental clearance or gravel 

extraction. Inclusion of the site in the shire pest and weed management programme 

is also recommended. 

66

Site 6. Mungalala – Mitchell Road (2) (Warrego Highway) 



womal (Acacia maranoensis). 

Animals: 

painted honeyeater (Grantiella picta). 



At this site womal (Acacia maranoensis) is spread along the sides of the Warrego 

Highway, where it is more abundant than ooline and widely spread about the district 

as well. Growing off the womal trees is grey mistletoe (Amyema quandang), which is 

a favourite of the painted honeyeater (Grantiella picta) – another priority species 

which has been sighted in this location. There is actually an overlap with ooline along 

the Warrego Highway, resulting in five priority species in one extended stretch of 

highway (womal, ooline, painted honeyeater, collared delma (Delma torquata), and 

diamond firetail (Stagonopleura guttata)). 

THREATS: The major threats to this site are overgrazing and disturbance (Plate 36) 

by cattle, habitat degradation by rabbits, inappropriate fire regime, and habitat 

degradation by weeds. 

Plate 36. Overnight cattle stock camp after rain (Photo: B. Walsh). 

CURRENT MANAGEMENT: Murweh Shire Council concentrates on this length of 

stock route for weed management. 

67

RECOMMENDATIONS: It is recommended that Murweh Shire Council maintain their 

weed management along this length of stock route, and that this be included in a 

management plan for all the biodiversity hotspots along this stock route (as 

mentioned under site 3, Ooline Park). Permits given for the movement of stock along 

this route need to emphasise that overnight camping of stock should avoid these 

sites where possible, as womal is quite palatable to stock and the regenerating plants 

at this site could easily be consumed by cattle. 

68

Site 7. Morven – Tregonning Road 






This site is on a back road that is rated as an active stock route, but as with many of 

these sites it is virtually inactive. The womal trees (Acacia maranoensis) at this site 

are scattered over a wide area (Plate 37), but consist of both mature and 

regenerating trees. Additionally, there was good connectivity with habitat on adjoining 

private land. 

Plate 37. Womal (Photo: B. Walsh). 


degradation by rabbits, inappropriate fire regime, gravel extraction, and habitat 

degradation by weeds. There is also a borrow pit in the middle of a mature stand of 

trees. 


RECOMMENDATIONS: It is recommended that the borrow pit be phased out as 

further expansion of the pit will cause more trees to be removed. 

Some priority species, such as womal in this area, are often locally common, and it is 

recommended that awareness programmes for field-based council staff would be 

useful to raise awareness of the value of these species as well as their management 

needs. 

69

Site 8. Bundoona Springs (Eulo – Toompine Road) 



Hydrocotyle dipleura, and 

Myriophyllum artesium. 


SHIRE COUNCIL: PAROO SHIRE 

This spring is located in open mulga country adjacent to a drainage line on the stock 

route (Plate 38), and is one of the group that makes up Bundoona Springs. It is a 

large, shallow and vegetated spring, which is well known as it has long been studied 

for its endemic species. 

Plate 38. Bundoona Springs (Photo: B. Walsh). 

THREATS: The major threats to this spring are reduced flow and habitat degradation 

from water draw-down, overgrazing and trampling by cattle, rooting and wallowing 

damage by feral pigs, competition between introduced Gambusia fish and native 

aquatic fauna, and habitat degradation by weeds. 


RECOMMENDATIONS: It is acknowledged that all springs are not the same, and 

best practice management may vary from spring to spring. It must also be 

acknowledged that these springs existed with their endemic species before the 

arrival of Europeans, livestock and invasive species such as feral animals and 

weeds. 

Inadequate information exists to make recommendations on best practice 

management for this spring. However, it is recommended that an enclosure be 

70

established on part of the spring to study the effects of excluding cattle and feral pigs. 

The results from this enclosure would give a benchmark from which to monitor the 

impacts of cattle and pigs that might occur at this spring. This recommendation is 

based on the success of excluding cattle and pigs at Tego spring in Culgoa 

Floodplains National Park (page 98) that resulted in the return of plant species 

including the Rare Sporobolus partimpatens (Craig Eddy, pers. comm.). Similarly the 

condition of Elizabeth Springs in the Desert Channels NRM region has improved 

markedly with the use of fencing to exclude cattle (Steve Wilson, pers. comm.). 

At the time of this project, negotiations were being undertaken with the adjoining 

owners to make the springs a nature refuge. If this proceeds, it is recommended that 

this spring be included in that nature refuge. 

71

Site 9. Currawinya National Park (Stock Route) 





SHIRE COUNCIL: BULLOO SHIRE 

The stock route that runs through Currawinya National Park is narrow, unused, and 

the connectivity is continuous. Painted honeyeaters (Grantiella picta) are regularly 

sighted along the route and feed on the mistletoe Amyema quandang (Plate 39), 

which grows prolifically on the mulga trees. 

Plate 39. The mistletoe Amyema quandang (Photo: B. Walsh). 

THREATS: The major threats to this site are browsing by goats (that can prevent 

regeneration of mulga on which the mistletoe Amyema quandang grows), and 

predation of native fauna by feral cats. Inappropriate fire regime is a potential threat. 

It is possible that apiary activities outside the park may be competing with the painted 

honeyeaters for nectar as a food source. 

CURRENT MANAGEMENT: This stock route comes under the management of 

Currawinya National Park. 

72

RECOMMENDATIONS: It is recommended that DERM’s current management 

activities be maintained, and that the site would benefit from a more coordinated 

approach to pest management between Bulloo Shire Council and DERM. 

At the time of the project, surveys were being undertaken by Birds Australia Birdata 

in the southern part of the South West NRM region. An opportunity may exist from 

the results of this survey to identify additional sites for the painted honeyeater. 

73

Site 10. Lake Bindegolly (Eulo – Thargomindah Road) 



Australasian bittern (Botaurus poiciloptilus), 

Australian painted snipe (Rostratula australis), and 



SHIRE COUNCIL: BULLOO SHIRE 

Lake Bindegolly (Plate 40) is a string of salt and freshwater wetlands in Lake 

Bindegolly National Park that dries out approximately every decade. The lakes are a 

major haven for waterbirds including the priority species Australasian bittern 

(Botaurus poiciloptilus), Australian painted snipe (Rostratula australis) and painted 

honeyeater (Grantiella picta), and other species of interest such as the Rare freckled 

duck (Stictonetta naevosa) and the Vulnerable plant Acacia ammophila. 

The stock route cuts the system in half, but the stock route is inactive. A tourist 

information bay has been established as the area is popular with tourists, and use of 

the stock routes for tourism is well supported by the Bulloo Shire Council. 

Plate 40. Lake Bindegolly with an approaching storm in the distance 


THREATS: The major threats to Lake Bindegolly are predation by feral cats, foxes 

and dogs, habitat degradation by rabbits, weeds, feral pigs and feral goats, and 

overgrazing by livestock (both sheep and cattle). 

CURRENT MANAGEMENT: Lake Bindegolly comes under the management of Lake 

Bindegolly National Park. 

74


activities be maintained, and that wherever possible pest and weed control be 

coordinated with those of the Bulloo Shire Council. It is also suggested that 

consideration be given to the installation of cattle grids along the main road to 

prevent the continuous drifting of livestock into the national park. 

75

Site 11. Ward River (Charleville – Quilpie Road) 



Murray cod (Maccullochella peelii peelii). 



The Ward River waterhole and adjacent reserve is a favourite recreational site for the 

people of Charleville. The Charleville Fishing and Restocking Club (CFRC) in 

conjunction with the DEEDI, are also active at this site with a catch and release 

programme for Murray cod (Maccullochella peelii peelii) (Plates 41 and 42), and 

undertake restocking of the cod at well known waterholes. 

Due to the ephemeral nature of all rivers and creeks in western Queensland, fish 

stocks tend to retreat to these known refugia in the dry times to await the next wet 

season and flooding event. The river at this site on Ward River is about seven metres 

deep at the bridge, and averages about four metres in depth across the waterhole. 

Such waterholes of this depth and dimension are not common and are extremely 

important to all species they support, especially Murray cod. 

Plate 41. A juvenile Murray cod (Photo: G. Walsh). 

76

THREATS: The major threats to this site on the Ward River are overgrazing of the 

riparian edge by cattle, overfishing, introduced carp (Cyprinus carpio) that can 

compete with and displace Murray cod, habitat degradation from water extraction, 

and erosion where visitors drive off the access road. The removal of snags, which 

removes an important feature of the habitat for Murray cod, is a potential threat. 

CURRENT MANAGEMENT: Murweh Shire Council maintains road access off the 

main highway to the river bank. The CFRC maintain an informal recreational 

monitoring, restocking and catch and release programme for Murray cod. 

RECOMMENDATIONS: It is important to support and maintain the current actions to 

conserve Murray cod that are undertaken by the CFRC and DEEDI. 

It would be highly beneficial to control carp in this waterhole, as has been planned by 

South West NRM who are attempting to initiate carp management projects in the 

Warrego River and its tributaries such as the Ward River. 

Droving permits should stipulate no overnight camping of stock on the Ward River in 

order to avoid siltation and deterioration of water quality. Static grazing of this stock 

route reserve should be declined or limited in the interests of public usage and the 

avoidance of siltation. 

Similarly to other locations in western Queensland, this site is reaching the point 

where the local council will need to consider a management plan to address visitor 

impacts from camping, pollution, rubbish, and firewood collection. 

Plate 42. The CFRC releasing Murray cod fingerlings (Photo: D. Clark). 

77

Site 12. Bakers Bend (Warrego River) 






Bakers Bend is one of the largest waterholes on the Warrego River, and a popular 

local and tourist destination. This is major refugia for aquatic species, such as Murray 

cod (Maccullochella peelii peelii), and averages about six metres deep. The stock 

route runs on both sides of the river, and is classified as active but has not been used 

for some years. The riparian vegetation is mostly healthy, old growth trees, with the 

exception of some eroded sites, and is a known habitat for koala (Phascolarctos 

cinereus) and sugar glider (Petaurus breviceps). 

THREATS: The major threats to Bakers Bend are overfishing, habitat degradation 

from water extraction, introduced carp (Cyprinus carpio) that can compete with and 

displace Murray cod, and siltation from erosion that is exacerbated by feral goats 

(Plate 43). 

Plate 43. Erosion at Bakers Bend (Photo: B. Walsh). 

CURRENT MANAGEMENT: The CFRC, under guidance from DEEDI, conduct 

recreational monitoring, restocking and catch and release for Murray cod (Plate 44). 

78

Plate 44. Tagging a mature Murray cod for release (Photo: D. Clark). 

RECOMMENDATIONS: The removal of goats from the badly eroded areas, 

combined with some earthworks/fencing, would greatly contribute to restore some of 

the damage to this site and reduce siltation of the river. 

As for the Ward River biodiversity hotspot (site 11, pp. 76-77), it would be highly 

beneficial to control carp at this waterhole, as has been planned by South West NRM 

who are attempting to initiate carp management projects in the Warrego River and its 

tributaries. 

It is important to support and maintain the current actions to conserve Murray cod 

that are undertaken by the CFRC (with guidance from DEEDI). 

Recent fish surveys by DEEDI indicated that Bakers Bend has very little structure on 

the bottom of the river, which denies hatchling cod and other native species 

protective habitat. It is strongly recommended that consideration be given to the 

reintroduction of snags to improve the habitat of this aquatic refuge. 

Concern has been expressed by the CFRC and others that there is a decline in 

freshwater catfish (Tandanus tandanus) throughout the Warrego and Paroo River 

systems. It would be prudent to monitor the populations of this species and identify 

any causes of any decline, as it may have implications for other native species as 

well. 

79

Site 13. Dillalah Waterhole (Warrego River) 






The bridge at Dillalah crossing traverses another well known waterhole on the 

Warrego River for Murray cod (Maccullochella peelii peelii). This waterhole averages 

approximately five metres deep and has plenty of fallen trees and overhangs of tree 

roots that create good cod habitat. An active stock route runs down either side of the 

river, but the majority of stock traditionally travels down the eastern side. The riparian 

vegetation is in very good condition and is known to be a habitat for koala 

(Phascolarctos cinereus) (Plate 45). 

Plate 45. Koala at Boatman Station (Photo: N. Davies). 

THREATS: The major threats to this site are overgrazing by cattle that can affect the 

water quality, habitat degradation from pig rooting and wallowing, siltation from 

erosion, overfishing, and introduced carp (Cyprinus carpio) that can compete with 

and displace Murray cod. Water lettuce (Pistia stratiotes) (Plate 46) is an emerging 

threat that exists downstream at Cunnamulla, which has the potential to be 

transported upstream by wildlife. 

80

Plate 46. Water lettuce at Cunnamulla Weir (Photo: B. Walsh). 

CURRENT MANAGEMENT: Access to the site is maintained by Murweh Shire 

Council, and the monitoring of Murray cod is undertaken by CFRC and DEEDI. 

RECOMMENDATIONS: As for the Ward River biodiversity hotspot (site 11), it would 

be highly beneficial to control carp at this waterhole, as has been planned by South 

West NRM who are attempting to initiate carp management projects in the Warrego 

River and its tributaries. 

It is important to support and maintain the current actions to conserve Murray cod 

that are undertaken by the CFRC (with guidance from DEEDI). 

Water lettuce occurs at the Cunnamulla Weir in Paroo Shire, where the Paroo Shire 

Council is taking action to eradicate this weed. However, biological control has not 

yet been introduced and should be considered and integrated with the current 

mechanical work being undertaken. 

The Cunnamulla Weir is an acknowledged fish barrier and careful consideration 

should be given to the installation of a suitable fish ladder, which is supported by the 

Paroo Shire Council. However, if implemented, care needs to be taken that it does 

not become a harvest site by default. South West NRM has previously proposed 

such a ladder for the Warrego and the Paroo Rivers (which has a similar barrier at 

Eulo). 

81

Site 14. Boatman Road (1) (Charleville – Bollon Road) 



yakka skink (Egernia rugosa). 



There have been several sites along the Boatman Road which are biodiversity 

hotspots for yakka skink (Egernia rugosa) (Plate 47). The sites look very 

inhospitable, and it is difficult to imagine there is enough insect life to sustain such a 

large skink. 

Confirmation of the sites was made with DERM expertise. Determination of presence 

and abundance was made from live trapping by DERM, which has given confidence 

in identification of the sites along the Boatman Road as suitable habitat. 

The yakka skink is mostly diurnal and very opportunistic. They make use of rabbit 

holes/warrens where they co-exist, as well as pushed-up roadside debris for habitat 

for sheltering and breeding. It usually constructs additional holes at the extremities of 

the warren for its usage. 

Plate 47. Yakka skink (Photo: B. Walsh). 

THREATS: The major threats to the yakka skink at this site are predation from feral 

cats, foxes and dogs, inappropriate fire regime, the destruction of the habitat by road 

works, and the destruction of the habitat if the rabbit warren are ripped up (if rabbit 

numbers rise and control is implemented). 


82

RECOMMENDATIONS: Yakka skinks are distributed over a vast area of 

Queensland, and to mitigate their threats will require the control of feral predators, 

appropriate fire regimes, and the protection of their habitat from road maintenance. 

As with other biodiversity hotspots along Boatman Road (sites 14 – 18, pp. 82-90), 

the priority actions at this site would be to include this location in the pest control 

activities for feral predators implemented by Murweh Shire Council, and to protect 

this habitat from any destructive impacts caused by any road works and rabbit 

control. 

For any future controlled fires at this site, it is recommended that they be of low 

intensity, and that any mounds of timber/plant material are unburnt as they are used 

as habitat by yakka skink. 

It is also strongly recommend that a population survey of yakka skinks be undertaken 

to map current populations, as isolated healthy populations may need more intensive 

protection. 

83








this site included a rabbit warren occupied by yakka skinks (Egernia rugosa) in a 

monospecific stand of mulga with no understorey (Plate 48). Yakka skink scats, both 

fresh and stale, indicated the presence and abundance of this species. Additionally, 

this site had good connectivity with habitat on the surrounding land. 

Plate 48. Active rabbit warren with yakka skinks (Photo: B. Walsh). 






RECOMMENDATIONS: As with other biodiversity hotspots along Boatman Road 

(sites 14 – 18, pp. 82-90), the priority actions at this site would be to include this 

location in the pest control activities for feral predators implemented by Murweh Shire 

Council, and to protect this habitat from any destructive impacts caused by any road 

works and rabbit control. 

84




85









monospecific stand of mulga with no understorey. Yakka skink scats (Plate 49), both 

fresh and stale, indicated the presence and abundance of this species. Additionally, 

there were good landscape linkages at this site with mulga trees in all directions. 

Plate 49. Yakka skink scats (Photo: B. Walsh). 











86




87








this site included a rabbit warren occupied by yakka skinks (Egernia rugosa) (Plate 

50) in a monospecific stand of mulga with no understorey. A search of the 

surrounding area found stale scats that indicated yakka skink activity. 












88




89









monospecific stand of mulga with no understorey. 














90

Site 19. Riversleigh Road (Boatman – Cunnamulla Road) 






As with the biodiversity hotspots along Boatman Road (sites 14 – 18), this site 

included a rabbit warren occupied by yakka skinks (Egernia rugosa). During the field 

visit, a further search of the immediate area revealed an additional active site, also in 

a rabbit burrow, that suggests a small colony of yakka skink in the area. 






RECOMMENDATIONS: As with the biodiversity hotspots along Boatman Road (sites 

14 – 18), the priority actions at this site would be to include this location in the pest 

control activities for feral predators implemented by Murweh Shire Council, and to 

protect this habitat from any destructive impacts caused by any road works and 

rabbit control. 




91

Site 20. Angelalla (Bollon – Riversleigh junction) 



Major Mitchell’s cockatoo (Lophochroa leadbeateri) 



It was difficult to identify biodiversity hotspots for Major Mitchell’s cockatoo 

(Lophochroa leadbeateri) (Plate 51). This bird was observed at a number of sites 

during field visits, including along the stock route on Boatman Road, but, given that 

this species is highly mobile in their search for food, at most sites sightings were not 

enough evidence to identify the location as a biodiversity hotspot for this bird. 

Repeated sightings of flocks of up to 20 Major Mitchell’s cockatoo, and observations 

of them feeding fledgling young, around the Angelalla site was evidence that this 

section of stock route is at least a linked part of a larger biodiversity hotspot for this 

bird. Additionally, where Angelalla Creek and stock route intersect there is a large 

permanent waterhole with ideal nesting hollows along the riparian edges, and Major 

Mitchell’s cockatoo are known to have a strong fidelity to nesting sites. 

Plate 51 Major Mitchell’s cockatoo with crest extension (Photo: B. Walsh). 

THREATS: The major threats to Major Mitchell’s cockatoo at this site are the removal 

of nesting hollows from the clearing / pulling of mulga trees, high intensity fires that 

can removing nesting trees, predation from feral cats, and road fatalities (Plate 52) as 

the birds are reluctant to take flight when feeding on paddy melons found on the road 

verge (Plate 53). 

92

Plate 52. Major Mitchell’s cockatoo road fatality (Photo: B. Walsh). 

Plate 53. Major Mitchell’s cockatoo feeding on a desert paddy melon on the road 

verge (Photo: B. Walsh). 


93

RECOMMENDATIONS: The South West NRM region has a number of sites where 

Major Mitchell’s cockatoo are regularly sighted. However, further research needs to 

be done to identify the biodiversity hotspots for this species, in both the South West 

and Desert Channels NRM regions and to determine how the stock routes relate in 

respect to the connectivity and linkage of these sites. As this species have a strong 

fidelity for nesting hollows, a first step would be to survey and map the known nesting 

sites. 

Recommended management actions for the Angelalla site are protecting nesting 

trees from being pulled, encouraging a low intensity fires, and coordinated control of 

feral cats. 

At the Angelalla site priority should be given to protecting the area from any clearing 

of vegetation. 

94

Site 21. Charleville – Augathella Road 




Woma (Aspidites ramsayi) are also known to occur in 

area. 



As with the biodiversity hotspots along Boatman Road (sites 14 – 18, pp. 82-90), this 

site north of Charleville included a rabbit warren occupied by yakka skinks (Egernia 

rugosa), and mulga trees growing in red sandy soil with little or no understorey. 






RECOMMENDATIONS: As with the biodiversity hotspots along Boatman Road (sites 

14 – 18, pp. 82-90), the priority actions at this site would be to include this location in 

the pest control activities for feral predators implemented by Murweh Shire Council, 

and to protect this habitat from any destructive impacts caused by any road works 

and rabbit control. 




95

Sites of high nature conservation and geological 

values 

Site 22. Oak Swamp (Charleville Adavale Road) 





Oak Swamp (Plate 54) is periodically inundated when Lake Dartmouth overflows (last 

believed to have occurred in 1989), and appears to be in-excess of a square 

kilometre in size. The active stock route here traverses a dense, attractive swamp of 

belah trees (Casuarina cristata), which is believed to be at the extremity of this 

species’ western distribution. The site is worth further investigation, as it may support 

priority species, and belah is a favourite food source of red-tailed black-cockatoos 

(Calyptorhynchus banksii). 

Plate 54. Oak Swamp (Photo: B. Walsh). 

THREATS: The major threats to this site are inappropriate fire regime. Road 

widening is a minor threat 

CURRENT MANAGEMENT: There is no current management of this site, but it is 

recognised by DTMR as a significant site. 

RECOMMENDATIONS: It is recommended that Oak Swamp be recognised as being 

of high nature conservation value and left undisturbed, and that a closer survey be 

made to determine the flora and fauna values. 

96

Site 23. Adavale Escarpment (Adavale – Blackall Road) 



yellow-footed rock-wallaby (Petrogale xanthopus 

celeris). 



The Adavale Escarpment (Plate 55) is classified as an active stock route although no 

cattle have been over this route for many years. The stock route and road converge 

to descend down an attractive conglomerate escarpment with a drop of some 30 

metres. The area has records of yellow-footed rock-wallaby (Petrogale xanthopus 

celeris), although none were seen during the field visit. During the field visit a 

peregrine falcon (Falco peregrinus) was sighted launching from the escarpment, and 

undoubtedly falcon eyries exist around its perimeter. 

Plate 55. Adavale Escarpment / Blackall Road (Photo: B. Walsh). 

THREATS: Feral goats have taken over the top of the escarpment, are dramatically 

impacting on the vegetation, and have possibly displaced most macropods. 


RECOMMENDATIONS: There is the urgent need to remove the goats from the 

Adavale Escarpment. A closer survey is also needed to determine if yellow-footed 

rock-wallaby still exist at the site, and if so, to determine strategies for their 

protection. 

97

24. Tego Springs (Culgoa Floodplain) 





Tego Springs in Culgoa Floodplains National Park is of special interest as it has 

records of plant life before and after a pig-proof fence was constructed (Plate 56). 

Prior to the construction of the pig-proof fence, the spring was overgrazed and 

trampled by cattle and feral animals with only three plants recorded for the site. 

Eighteen months after the fence was constructed an additional 37 plants were 

recorded including the Rare Sporobolus partimpatens. 

Plate 56. The pig-proof fencing around Tego Springs (Photo: B. Walsh). 

THREATS: The major threats to this site are habitat degradation from water drawdown, 

and the table drain off the nearby road that directs water into the springs which 

is altering the water quality and the species composition. 

CURRENT MANAGEMENT: This site comes under the management of Culgoa 

Floodplains National Park. 


activities be maintained, that options to reduce road water-off are investigated, and 

that this site be used as a positive example of the conservation benefits of fencing 

around a spring 

98

25. Yowah Creek (Eulo – Thargomindah Road) 



RATING: AREA OF HIGH GEOLOGICAL VALUE 


The Yowah Creek site is where a fault line runs in a westerly direction along the 

stock route from Eulo and crosses Yowah Creek. Records show that this site 

contains mound springs, but the majority are mud springs with a dried surface which 

is easily penetrated revealing viscous, grey mud. The mounds stand between two to 

three metres in height, and have a circular base with a diameter of approximately 10 

– 20 metres. Little or no water seeps from the majority of the mounds, but they are of 

geological interest and a tourist attraction. 

THREATS: The threats to this site, such as water draw-down, are unknown. 

CURRENT MANAGEMENT: There is no current management at this site. Some of 

the other springs close to Eulo are fenced-off, but the majority are not. 

RECOMMENDATIONS: It is recommended that the spring on the eastern side of 

Yowah Creek be re-fenced (it had been fenced off many years ago and has since 

fallen into disrepair), as it appears to be a spring with different characteristics and 

has held water. It would also be advisable to make sure that visitor management to 

the springs in the area limits any potential negative impacts. 


26. Murra Murra 



RATING: FURTHER RESEARCH 


This site is a potential biodiversity hotspot that warrants further research, as it has a 

number of natural values but no confirmed sightings of priority species. 

The site adjoins the properties of Murra Murra and Bendee Downs, which are owned 

by the Kooma Traditional Owners and have part of their area dedicated as a nature 

refuge and an indigenous protected area. There is also a rich cultural heritage 

throughout the area. 

Priority species that could occur at this stock route site are yakka skink (Egernia 

rugosa), diamond firetail (Stagonopleura guttata), and painted honeyeaters 

(Grantiella picta). Major Mitchell’s cockatoos (Lophochroa leadbeateri) are frequently 

sighted along this stock route, but as stated for the Angelalla biodiversity hotspot (site 

20, pp. 92-94), given the mobility of this species it is difficult to identify their hotspots 

unless nesting sites can also be identified. 

99

THREATS: The threats to this site would include inappropriate fire regime, clearing 

of vegetation that would remove potential nesting hollows, predation by feral cats, 

and road fatalities. 


RECOMMENDATIONS: As there is no information on the nesting sites of Major 

Mitchell’s cockatoos, or other priority species, at this site, further surveys are required 

to identify any presence and confirm their threats. 

If the presence of priority species were confirmed and the site met the criteria as a 

biodiversity hotspot, then the protection of this habitat would be important because of 

the probable value of the site itself as well as the linkages it has with adjoining 

habitat. 

100


The majority of Major Mitchell’s cockatoo (Lophochroa leadbeateri) sightings during 

the field visit for this project were in the South West NRM region. They showed a 

distinct preference that this species has for country commonly known as ‘soft mulga’ 

with its distinctive red sandy soils (i.e. red Kandosols and red Chromosols soils). 

These soils have nutrient limitations which may benefit the wildlife as it limits the 

introduction of invasive grasses, such as buffel grass (Pennisetum ciliare), enabling a 

favourite food source of these cockatoos, the desert paddy melon (Zehneria 

micrantha), to thrive on disturbed ground. 

There seems to be reluctance throughout most of the regions of western Queensland 

to use fire as a management tool for the maintenance of biodiversity. The lack of 

appropriate fire regimes is inhibiting flora species, as certain fire regimes are required 

to maintain biodiversity. This is a topic that needs greater consideration as a 

management option, especially for the stock routes that retain remnant vegetation in 

otherwise cleared country, as many species are threatened by a lack of appropriate 

fire regimes (Dyer et al., 2001). 

101

The Border Rivers Maranoa-Balonne NRM 

Region 

Introduction 

The Border Rivers Maranoa-Balonne NRM region is approximately 100,300 square 

kilometres in size, and includes the catchments of the Maranoa, Balonne, Moonie, 

Macintyre, and Weir Rivers. In this region the Brigalow Belt is proportionally the 

largest bioregion, with other bioregions including Mulga lands and New England 

tablelands. There are six local government areas within this region with a population 

of approximately 54,600 people, and the main employment areas are in pastoral, 

cropping, some tourism, and the extractive industries including gas and mining. 

Twelve biodiversity hotspots were identified during field visits across the Border 

Rivers Maranoa-Balonne NRM region (Table 4 and Map 5). 


1. Barakula Biodiversity Hotspot Dalby Regional Council 

2. Mitchell/Dunkeld Road Biodiversity Hotspot Roma Regional Council 

3. Mitchell/Bollon Road Biodiversity Hotspot Roma Regional Council 

4. Mitchell/Forestvale Biodiversity Hotspot Roma Regional Council 

Road 

5. Womalilla Creek Biodiversity Hotspot Roma Regional Council 

6. Surat/Balonne River Biodiversity Hotspot Roma Regional Council 

7. Green Trees Reserve Biodiversity Hotspot Roma Regional Council 

8. Wylara Waterhole Biodiversity Hotspot Roma Regional Council 

9. Beranga Reserve Biodiversity Hotspot Roma Regional Council 

10. Surat/Glenmorgan 

Road 

Biodiversity Hotspot Roma Regional Council 

11. Jackson/Wandoan 

Road 

Biodiversity Hotspot Roma Regional Council 

Table 4. Biodiversity hotspots in the Border Rivers Maranoa-Balonne NRM Region. 

102

Map 5. Biodiversity hotspots of the Border Rivers Maranoa-Balonne NRM Region. 

103


Site 1. Barakula (Chinchilla – Auburn Road) 



golden-tailed gecko (Strophurus taenicauda), 

diamond firetail (Stagonopleura guttata), and 

yellow-bellied glider (southern subspecies) (Petaurus 

australis australis). 


SHIRE COUNCIL: DALBY REGIONAL SHIRE 

This site is where an unused stock route follows the road through the Barakula State 

Forest (Plate 57). The forest is in good condition, with records of the priority species 

golden-tailed gecko (Strophurus taenicauda), diamond firetail (Stagonopleura 

guttata), and yellow-bellied glider (southern subspecies) (Petaurus australis 

australis). There were also other species sighted during the field visit including plumheaded 

finch (Neochmia modesta), olive-backed oriole (Oriolus sagittatus), leaden 

flycatcher (Myiagra rubecula) and rufous whistler (Pachycephala rufiventris). Both the 

confirmed species, and local knowledge that confirmed the richness of the forest and 

its biodiversity, was strong evidence to select this site as a biodiversity hotspot. 

Plate 57. Barakula State Forest (Photo: B. Walsh). 

THREATS: The major threats to this site are predation of native fauna by feral cats 

and foxes. As the presence of the priority species indicates that the current fire 

regime is working well, a potential threat is changing the current fire regime. 

104

CURRENT MANAGEMENT: This stock route comes under the management of 

Barakula State Forest 


activities be maintained, and that the site would benefit from a more coordinated 

approach to pest management between Dalby Regional Shire Council and DERM. 

Given the number of species at this site, a future survey would probably confirm the 

presence of additional priority species. 

105

Site 2. Mitchell – Dunkeld Road 

STOCK ROUTE NUMBER: S716 




SHIRE COUNCIL: ROMA REGIONAL COUNCIL 

This site on the Mitchell – Dunkeld Road is scattered a considerable distance over an 

active stock route, with stands of womal (Acacia maranoensis) (Plate 58) that 

includes both mature and regenerating trees. This site also has good habitat 

connectivity with the surrounding landscape. 

Plate 58. Womal trees (Photo: B. Walsh). 

THREATS: The major threats to this site are inappropriate fire regime, and habitat 

degradation by weeds. 


RECOMMENDATIONS: The key recommendation or this site is to include it in the 

Roma Regional Council pest and weed management programme as a site for control 

actions. Care needs to be taken with any stock route / road management that burns 

the verge, in order to protect the regeneration of the womal trees. As livestock have 

not travelled this route for many years, there is minimal threat from overgrazing. 

106

Site 3. Mitchell – Bollon Road 



womal (Acacia maranoensis) 


SHIRE COUNCIL: ROMA REGIONAL COUNCIL. 

At this site along the Mitchell – Bollon Road, a stand of womal (Acacia maranoensis) 

thinly stretches over several kilometres of the stock route, is interspersed with other 

trees such as brigalow (Acacia harpophylla) and myall (Acacia pendula). There is 

good habitat connectivity extending with the adjoining land. Interestingly, further 

along the Mitchell – Bollon Road the womal overlaps with ooline (Cadellia 

pentasylis). 

THREATS: The major threats to this site are inappropriate fire regime, and habitat 

degradation by weeds. There is a minimal threat of overgrazing by cattle as the stock 

route is currently inactive. 


RECOMMENDATIONS: The priority recommendation for this site is to include it in 

the Roma Regional Council pest and weed management programme, with emphasis 

on weed control. Care needs to be taken with any stock route / road management 

that burns the verge, in order to protect the regeneration of the womal trees. 

107

4. Mitchell – Forestvale Road 






Along the Mitchell – Forestvale Road there are some large stock route reserves that 

have a dense cover of grass, including buffel grass (Pennisetum ciliare). Amongst 

those reserves is this site, north of the dingo fence, which is heavily forested in 

cypress pine (Callitris sp.) with minimal understorey in many sections. In this cypress 

forest is an area of pushed up road material interspersed with dead branches that is 

a habitat for yakka skink (Egernia rugosa) (Plate 59), whose healthy abundance 

could be determined by the number of scats observed during the field visit. 


THREATS: The major threats to this site are predation by feral cats, foxes and dogs, 

and inappropriate fire regime. 



the Roma Regional Council pest and weed management programme, with emphasis 

on the control of feral predators. 




108

Site 5. Womalilla Creek (Off the Warrego Highway) 






This site is at a dead-end section of stock route that leads to a watering point on 

Womalilla Creek. There is a healthy riparian flat and womal (Acacia maranoensis) 

scattered over a wide area mixed with diverse number of plants including river red 

gum (Eucalyptus camaldulensis). During the field visit there was also a number of 

bird species observed, including the largest flock of plum-headed finches (Neochmia 

modesta) sighted during the project (approximately 100 birds). 


degradation by weeds, and inappropriate fire regime. 


RECOMMENDATIONS: It is recommended that droving permits should emphasise 

no camping stock at this site over night. (This does not appear to be occurring at 

present). 

As previously mentioned for the Ooline Park biodiversity hotspot (page 61), the P002 

stock route is a special case because of the convergence of all stock along this 

section en-route to Roma market. The Roma Regional Council is already giving this 

stock route additional attention, and as for Ooline Park, a comprehensive zoned 

management plan is recommended (see page 63). Care needs to be taken with any 

stock route / road management that burns the verge, in order to protect the 

regeneration of the womal trees. 

109

Site 6. Surat – Balonne River 






This site contains a large waterhole on the Balonne River that is on the approach to 

the town of Surat. It has traditionally been a popular site for Murray cod 

(Maccullochella peelii peelii), and similarly to the Charleville area, the cod is an icon 

species amongst the locals. Many stock routes converge on Surat and along the 

Balonne River, but the riparian vegetation of this site is healthy and, until recently, 

had supported a colony of little red flying-fox (Pteropus scapulatus) (Plate 60). 

Plate 60. Little red flying-fox colony on the Balonne River (Photo: B. Walsh). 

THREATS: The major threat to this site are overgrazing by cattle that could reduce 

the water quality, overfishing, and introduced carp (Cyprinus carpio) that can 

compete with and displace Murray cod. 

CURRENT MANAGEMENT: At this site there is monitoring and restocking of Murray 

cod undertaken by the Surat Fishing Restocking Club in conjunction with DEEDI. As 

with the community in Charleville, this strong local support for Murray cod is 

beneficial for the species through monitoring and maintenance of the population. 

RECOMMENDATIONS: As for the biodiversity hotspots for Murray cod on the 

Balonne River (sites 6-8, pp. 110-113), it is important to support and maintain the 

current actions to conserve Murray cod that are undertaken by the Surat Fishing 

Restocking Club and DEEDI. 

110

Reports of past snag removal south of Surat is of concern, and a matter that should 

be investigated. 

In the Border Rivers Maranoa-Balonne NRM region, the Queensland Murray Darling 

Committee is most active in conducting ‘carp busting’ fishing competitions to remove 

as many carp as possible from aquatic habitats. These events are usually 

incorporated in catchment management programs that seek to improve water quality, 

which is of additional benefit to Murray cod and other aquatic species. It would be of 

benefit to expand these activities to this site and other known localities for Murray 

cod in other regions. 

The Invasive Animals CRC is researching control techniques on carp and other feral 

species. As these threats overlap all the NRM regions covered by this project, it 

would be valuable for all the NRM bodies of western Queensland to communicate 

closely with this CRC in order to remain informed about current research and to try 

and address these issues on a landscape scale. 

111

Site 7. Green Trees Reserve (Surat – St. George Road) 






The Green Trees Reserve is a well-known recreational destination for locals from 

Surat, and is an attractive riparian floodplain with a large lagoon adjacent to the 

Balonne River. The waterhole located on this river is also a habitat for Murray cod 

(Maccullochella peelii peelii). 



compete with and displace Murray cod. Additionally, snag removal has (that removes 

an important feature of the habitat for Murray cod) been reported south of Surat. 


cod undertaken by the Surat Fishing Restocking Club in conjunction with DEEDI. 





112

Site 8. Wylara Hole (Surat – St. George Road) 






The Wylara Hole is one of the most popular local recreational sites, as it is close to 

Surat and is known to have good population of Murray cod (Maccullochella peelii 

peelii). The riparian vegetation at this site is in good condition, and snags (that 

provide an important habitat for Murray cod) are more plentiful along this stretch of 

the Balonne River. 



compete with and displace Murray cod. Additionally, snag removal has (that removes 

an important feature of the habitat for Murray cod) been reported south of Surat. 


cod undertaken by the Surat Fishing Restocking Club in conjunction with DEEDI. 





113

Site 9. Beranga Reserve (Surat – Yuleba Road) 






The Beranga Reserve is known locally as “The Lilies” because of the lily coverage 

over its lagoons (Plate 61). The reserve is rich in biodiversity, supported by old 

growth riparian vegetation that is still intact and many good breeding hollows. Apart 

from yakka skink (Egernia rugosa) there should be many other species that could be 

identified at this site, because of the quality of the undisturbed habitat, and the site 

warrants a closer survey to confirm them. 

Plate 61. Beranga Reserve – “The Lilies” (Photo: B. Walsh). 

THREATS: The major threats to this site are predation of native fauna by feral cats, 

foxes and dogs, and habitat degradation by weeds. 


the Roma Regional Council pest and weed management programme. 

114

Site 10. Surat – Glenmorgan Road 






This site on the stock route along the Surat – Glenmorgan Road has relatively intact 

remnant vegetation on a harsh shale rise. It is a biodiversity hotspot for yakka skink 

(Egernia rugosa) who utilise the habitat formed by mounds of scrubby cypress pine 

(Callitris sp.), wattle (Acacia sp.), ironbark (Eucalyptus sp.), and road material that 

has been pushed up by road works. 

THREATS: The main threats to this site are clearing of vegetation, habitat 

destruction by the removal of the mounds that yakka skinks inhabit, inappropriate fire 

regime, and predation by feral cats, foxes and dogs. 


RECOMMENDATIONS: The site would greatly benefit from being included in the 

Roma Regional Council pest and weed management programme, with emphasis on 

feral control (fresh dog and fox tracks were noted in the vicinity during the field visit). 

Although road-works can create mound habitats for yakka skink, it is important that 

any future road-works at this site should take care not to destroy the existing mounds 

that are habitat for yakka skinks. 




115

Site 11. Jackson – Wandoan Road 

STOCK ROUTE NUMBER: U 708 


Rutidosis lanata. 



This site on the Jackson – Wandoan Road is on gravel country with mixed tree 

species along a narrow section of unused stock route. The site is well known to 

botanical enthusiasts who want to view the daisy Rutidosis lanata (Plate 62). This 

priority species appears to have disappeared form the Yuleba State Forest where it 

has previously been collected and other locations where grazing has occurred (Ailsa 

Holland, pers. comm.), therefore this site is of high importance for the species. 

Plate 62. The daisy Rutidosis lanata (Photo: B. Walsh). 

THREATS: The major threats to Rutidosis lanata at this site are habitat degradation 

by weeds, competition and smothering by buffel grass (Pennisetum ciliare), habitat 

degradation by low-levels of grazing, habitat destruction by road widening, and illegal 

collectors. 

RECOMMENDATIONS: This tenacious population of Rutidosis lanata has been 

known to exist for at least ten years. It is situated on the road verge in a shallow 

gravel drain, and would almost certainly have been subjected to some disturbance 

during road grading or maintenance (Ailsa Holland, pers. comm.). 

The existence of this population of Rutidosis lanata should be brought to the attention 

of Roma Regional Council to protect it from any potential road widening. Additionally, 

should the stock route become reactivated, permits should stipulate that stock would 

need to be driven along the western side of the road to avoid grazing this species. 

116

It is also recommended that consideration be given to the control of buffel grass 

(Pennisetum ciliare) and other pasture species along the road verge, which appear to 

be encroaching on the population of Rutidosis lanata. 

117


An interesting historical find on some stock routes were the evidence of Cobb & Co 

“corduroy” coach tracks (Plate 63). This type of track is constructed from cypress 

pine that had been lain over boggy grown to allow access for Cobb & Co coaches, 

which had been very active throughout the Border Rivers Maranoa-Balonne NRM 

region. A section of corduroy coach tracks near Surat has been dedicated as an 

historic site (stock route number P005). However, the most impressive site is a 100 

metre stretch of corduroy coach tracks on the Surat – Yuleba Road, which requires 

control of erosion and drainage that is destroying the site. 

Plate 63. Cobb & Co corduroy coach track (Photo: B. Walsh). 

Aboriginal stone wells (Plate 64) can also be found near a site of corduroy coach 

tracks (stock route number M705). These wells have been maintained in the past, but 

since neglected, and it would not be a major task to restore the area. 

118

Plate 64. Aboriginal well (Photo: B. Walsh). 

Pegleg Reserve on the stock route north of Mitchell is located in what is broadly 

known as woma (Aspidites ramsayi) habitat. This reserve warrants a closer survey to 

determine the presence of this priority species and possibly others. 

Parthenium weed (Parthenium hysterophorus) (Plate 65) is now well established 

along the Maranoa River and its tributaries north of Mitchell. As it has vigorous 

growth, it can quickly colonise grasslands and woodlands and out compete native 

species, changing the structure of the habitat. Its ability to reproduce in 28 days, 

proliferation of seed (15,000 per plant), and spread by flowing water, animals and 

machinery, makes it one of the biggest threats to the current and future management 

of the stock routes and their surround (Chamberlain and Gittens, 2004). 

119

Plate 65. Parthenium weed, Maranoa River, Mitchell (Photo: B. Walsh). 

120

Conclusions 

The Stock Route Network (SRN) of western Queensland is a wonderful legacy that 

provides a substantial public benefit by protecting biodiversity on public land, 

protecting and enhancing public resources used by a range of private and public 

members, and fostering the sustainable use of this network. 

This network also has an important future with a potential increase in stock 

movement, more usage from tourism and recreation, and growing interest from 

community groups. Therefore in order to conserve the natural values as well as 

maintain its other benefits for the community, and given the vast geographic scale of 

the network and compounding threats, management needs to be focussed on 

biodiversity hotspots. 

This project has highlighted the lack of knowledge there is about many of the 

biological values across the SRN of western Queensland, but it has also highlighted 

47 biodiversity hotspots where management actions will achieve the greatest 

conservation benefits. 

The process to identify these biodiversity hotspots met several challenges. Given the 

time constraints, the project was forced to rely on data that had been collected on the 

more frequented routes, and also prevented the inspection of all the isolated routes 

that hold the exciting promise of more priority species yet to be discovered. Seasonal 

conditions limited access to sites, and also greatly impacted on the presence and 

abundance of species, especially birds. It would no doubt be possible to revisit sites 

in the wet season and record priority species missed during the dry season in this 

project. 

The project found that the majority of stock routes in western Queensland can be 

described under the three ‘Us’: ‘Unused for droving stock, Unfenced, and 

Unrecognisable’. The condition of unfenced stock routes is as good as the 

management of the station they adjoin. It is fair to say that in most cases the stock 

routes were in good condition, especially considering other factors such as the recent 

drought. 

In the number of biodiversity hotspots identified, there was a distinct bias towards the 

South West NRM region. This in no way reflects the abundance of biodiversity, but 

simply the fact that the project coordinator (Bryan Walsh) was based in that region for 

the duration of the project and spent weekends in the field visiting local sites. 

However, it does add credence to the suggestion of follow-up projects being 

conducted at the regional level. This approach would be far more thorough and 

comprehensive, as local information flows more readily at the intra-regional level. 

For all of the 47 biodiversity hotspots identified, this report has recommended 

management actions to conserve the biodiversity values at each site. Of course none 

of this can occur without a unified effort with the relevant local governments and staff. 

This would include combined efforts to seek funding, thus enabling the 

implementation of the recommendations on ground. 

As the adjacent landholders are the de-facto managers of the stock routes, it is 

important that they are not excluded from the ongoing management of these 

biodiversity hotspots. The success of a combined approach to the management of 

these hotspots will require their awareness of the values and management needs, 

and their continued involvement. 

121

Acknowledgements 

I would like to thank all the staff from the four NRM regions that have assisted with 

mapping and GIS support, and in particular Martin Wingett from South West NRM 

Ltd. 

The Department of Environment and Resource Management staff have been most 

helpful, especially those based at Charleville, Longreach, and Roma, and the 

WildNet team. 

To the Stock Route Officers, and the myriad of others who provided local knowledge 

and pointed me in the right direction, thank you. 

Other assistance was received from: the Queensland Museum, the Queensland 

Herbarium, Bush Heritage, the Department of Transport and Main Roads, the 

Department of Employment, Economic Development and Innovation, and the Shire 

Councils of Western Queensland. 

References 

Balcombe, S.R. and Arthington, A.H. 2009. Temporal changes in fish abundance in 

response to hydrological variability in a dryland floodplain river. Marine and 

Freshwater Research, 2009, 60, 146-159. 

Chamberlain, J. and Gittens, A. 2004. Parthenium weed management. Department of 

Natural Resources, Mines and Energy. 

Dyer, R., Jacklyn, P., Partridge, I., Russell-Smith, J., and Williams, D. (eds). 2001. 

Savanna burning: Understanding and using fire in northern Australia. Tropical 

Savannas CRC. 

Hogan, A. and Vallance, T. 2005. Rapid assessment of fish biodiversity in southern 

Gulf of Carpentaria catchments. Project report number QI04074, Queensland 

Department of Primary Industries and Fisheries, Walkamin. 

Sattler, P.S. and Williams, R.D. (eds). 1999. The Conservation Status of 

Queensland’s Bioregional Ecosystems. Published by Environmental 

Protection Agency, Brisbane. 

Sullivan, H. (ed). 1984. Visitors to Aboriginal sites: access, control and management: 

proceedings of the 1983 Kakadu Workshop. Australian National Parks and 

Wildlife Service, Canberra. 

122

Acronyms 

BRMB Border Rivers Maranoa-Balonne (NRM region) 

CFRC Charleville Fishing and Restocking Club 

CRC Cooperative Research Centre 

DC Desert Channels (NRM region) 

DCQ Desert Channels Queensland Inc. 

DTMR Queensland Department of Transport and Main Roads 

DEEDI Queensland Department of Employment, Economic Development and 

Innovation 

DERM Queensland Department of Environment and Resource Management 

EPBC Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 

NCA Nature Conservation Act 1992 

NRM Natural Resource Management 

QMDC Queensland Murray Darling Committee Inc. 

RE Regional Ecosystem 

SG Southern Gulf (NRM region) 

SGC Southern Gulf Catchments Inc. 

SRN Stock Route Network 

SW South West (NRM region) 

SWNRM South West NRM Ltd. 

123

Appendix 1: Priority species 

The presence of priority species for conservation (identified through the ‘Back on Track 

species prioritisation framework’ in the Southern Gulf (SG), Desert Channels (DC), South 

West (SW), and Border Rivers Maranoa-Balonne (BRMB) NRM regions. (A “1” indicating the 

species is present in the region). The legislative status of each species is shown under the 

Queensland Nature Conservation Act 1992, and the Commonwealth Environment Protection 

and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999: E = Endangered, V = Vulnerable, R = Rare, and LC 

= Least Concern. 

Appendix 1a: Priority plant species 

Presence in NRM region 

Species name Common name NCA EPBC SG DC SW BRMB 

Acacia maranoensis womal LC 1 1 

Aponogeton queenslandicus R 1 1 1 

Boronia repanda E E 1 

Cadellia pentastylis ooline V V 1 1 1 

Caladenia atroclavia E E 1 

Callitris baileyi Bailey's cypress R 1 

Commersonia inglewoodensis 1 

Cycas couttsiana R 1 

Cymbonotus maidenii 1 1 

Cyperus clarus V 1 1 

Eleocharis blakeana R 1 1 

Eriocaulon carsonii E E 1 1 1 

Eryngium fontanum E E 1 

Eucalyptus argophloia V V 1 

Eucalyptus pachycalyx subsp. 

waajensis 

E 1 

Glycyrrhiza acanthocarpa 1 1 1 

Grevillea scortechinii subsp. 

scortechinii 

V 1 

Gunniopsis sp. (Edgbaston 

R.J.Fensham 5094) 

1 

Hemigenia sp. (Homestead 

E.J.Thompson+ CHA203) 

1 

Homoranthus sp. (Wyaga 

D.Jermyn+ HM25) 

1 

Hydrocotyle dipleura 1 1 

Leucopogon sp. (Coolmunda 

D.Halford Q1635) 

E E 1 

Macrozamia conferta V V 1 

Macrozamia cranei E E 1 

Macrozamia machinii V V 1 

Macrozamia occidua V V 1 

Macrozamia viridis E 1 

Melaleuca groveana R 1 

Myriophyllum artesium E 1 1 

Pandanus aquaticus 1 

Pararistolochia praevenosa R 1 

Peplidium sp. (Edgbaston 

R.J.Fensham 3341) 

LC 1 

Philotheca sporadica V V 1 

Prostanthera sp. (Mount 

Stewart) 

1 

Ptilotus brachyanthus R 1 1 

Rhaponticum australe V V 1 1 

Rumex dumosus LC 1 

Rutidosis lanata E 1 

Senecio daltonii 1 

Solanum argopetalum LC 1 1 

Solanum coracinum 1 

Solanum innoxium 1 

Solanum papaverifolium E 1 

Solanum stenopterum V 1 

124

Appendix 1b: Priority animal species 

Presence in NRM region 

Species name 

Spiders 

Common name NCA EPBC SG DC SW BRMB 

Selenocosmia crassipes 

Butterflies 

LC 1 

Hypochrysops piceata bulloak jewel E 1 

Jalmenus evagoras 

Freshwater fish 

imperial hairstreak (northern 

subspecies) 

V 1 

Chlamydogobius micropterus Elizabeth Springs Goby E E 1 

Chlamydogobius squamigenus Edgbaston goby E V 1 

Craterocephalus sp. Edgbaston hardyhead 1 

Maccullochella peeli peeli Murray cod E 1 1 1 

Scaturiginichthys vermeilipinnis red-finned blue-eye E E 1 

Reptiles 

Acanthophis antarcticus common death adder R 1 1 1 1 

Aspidites ramsayi woma R 1 1 1 

Egernia rugosa yakka skink V V 1 1 1 

Wollumbinia belli Bell's turtle LC V 1 

Elseya lavarackorum Gulf snapping turtle V E 1 

Emydura macquarii emmotti Emmott's short-neck turtle LC 1 

Hoplocephalus bitorquatus pale-headed snake LC 1 1 1 

Hoplocephalus stephensii Stephens' banded snake R 1 

Nephrurus sphyrurus border thick-tailed gecko R V 1 

Paradelma orientalis brigalow scaly-foot V V 1 1 

Strophurus taenicauda golden-tailed gecko R 1 1 

Birds 

Amytornis ballarae Kalkadoon grasswren LC 1 1 

Amytornis barbatus barbatus grey grasswren (Bulloo) R V 1 1 

Amytornis barbatus diamantina grey grasswren (Lake Eyre basin) 1 

Amytornis dorotheae Carpentarian grasswren 1 1 

Amytornis striatus rowleyi (S&M) striated grasswren R 1 

Artamus cinereus normani black-faced woodswallow (Cape 

York Peninsula) 

LC 1 

Botaurus poiciloptilus Australasian bittern LC 1 1 

Lophochroa leadbeateri Major Mitchell's cockatoo V 1 1 1 1 

Calyptorhynchus lathami lathami glossy black-cockatoo (eastern) V 1 1 

Elanus scriptus letter-winged kite LC 1 1 1 1 

Erythrotriorchis radiatus red goshawk E V 1 1 1 1 

Grantiella picta painted honeyeater R 1 1 1 1 

Lathamus discolor swift parrot E E 1 

Malurus coronatus purple-crowned fairy-wren V 1 

Melanodryas cucullata cucullata hooded robin (south-eastern) LC 1 

Neochmia ruficauda clarescens star finch (northern subspecies) LC 1 1 

Rostratula australis Australian painted snipe V V 1 1 1 1 

Stagonopleura guttata diamond firetail LC 1 1 1 

Anthochaera phrygia 

Mammals 

regent honeyeater E E 1 1 

Dasycercus cristicauda mulgara V V 1 

Dasycercus hillieri ampurta LC E 1 

Dasyuroides byrnei kowari V V 1 

Dasyurus hallucatus northern quoll LC E 1 1 

Macroderma gigas ghost bat V 1 1 1 1 

Macrotis lagotis greater bilby E V 1 1 

Nyctophilus timoriensis eastern long-eared bat V V 1 1 

Petaurus australis australis yellow-bellied glider (southern 

subspecies) 

LC 1 1 

Petrogale penicillata brush-tailed rock-wallaby V V 1 

Petrogale xanthopus celeris yellow-footed rock-wallaby LC 1 1 

Pseudomys oralis Hastings River mouse V E 1 

Pteropus poliocephalus grey-headed flying-fox LC V 1 

Sminthopsis douglasi Julia Creek dunnart E E 1 1 

125

Appendix 2: Data sheet for site visits 

Site number: 

Coordinates: 

Site name: 

Road/stock route: 

Local Government authority: 

NRM region: 

Flora: 

Fauna: 

Other: 

Biodiversity Hotspot Criteria 

Priority species: 

Presence/abundance: 

Threats/constraints: 

Current management: 

Social constraints: 

Active/inactive stock route: 

Connectivity/linkage: 

Regional ecosystems: 

Local knowledge input: 

Photographs: 

Comments: 

Recommendation: 

Date: 

Officer: 

126

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