Soil Erosion and Flood Risk Management

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List of Figures Fig. 1: An illustration of a hydrograph ............................................................................................ 3 Fig. 2: Wavelength of the WorldView 2 satellite. Each band is described with one colour (European Space Imaging 2012). .................................................................................................................... 4 Fig. 3: a) MS 8 true colour illustration, b) PAN illustration, c) Result of the HPF resolution merging algorithm ...................................................................................................................................... 5 Fig. 4: Soil density and soil shear stress of test sites and averaged values for the pediment and headwater area .............................................................................................................................17 Fig. 5: Hydraulic conductivity at seven sites at hot spot 2 (pediment sites indicated in blue) ..............18 Fig. 6: Influences on infiltration rate..............................................................................................19 Fig. 7: Investigated gully systems in hotspot area 3 and 4 (Lehmann 2013) ......................................22 Fig. 8: A = rills on eastside of Mwakingali Mountain, B = complex gully system in the pediment, C = simple isolate gully in the glacies ..................................................................................................23 Fig. 9: Measurement of a gully cross profile...................................................................................26 Fig. 10: Cross profile 12 ...............................................................................................................29 Fig. 11: Cross profile 13 ...............................................................................................................30 Fig. 12: Cross profile 17 ...............................................................................................................30 Fig. 13: Overview map with the most affected settlements ..............................................................34 Fig. 14: longitudinal Profile–Hotspot 1 and 2 ................................................................................35 Fig. 15: Different damages at properties ........................................................................................41 Fig. 16: Maximum water level ......................................................................................................42 Fig. 17: Assistance - emergency measures .....................................................................................42 Fig. 18: Assistance – regeneration .................................................................................................42 Fig. 19: Culvert that is not working ...............................................................................................46 Fig. 20: Culvert (diameter: 600mm) ..............................................................................................46 Fig. 21: Culvert that lack maintenance ...........................................................................................47 Fig. 22: Culvert showing a functioning inlet...................................................................................47 Fig. 23: Possible improvement on the situation referring culverts ....................................................47 Fig. 24: Longitudinal profile of the proposed improved culvert .......................................................48 Fig. 25: Cross profile of the proposed improved culvert ..................................................................48 Fig. 26: An overview of a ford ......................................................................................................49 Fig. 27: A study member showing the direction of..........................................................................49 Fig. 28: A downstream end of taford .............................................................................................50 Fig. 29: A downstream end of a ford.............................................................................................50 Fig. 30: The same ford as in pictures 28 and 29 but from a different point showing accumulation of wastes and debris across a fence running through it ........................................................................50 Fig. 31: Not connected ditch filled with sediments..........................................................................51
Fig. 32: Ditch filled up with debris ................................................................................................51 Fig. 33: A functional ditch ............................................................................................................52 Fig. 34: Dyke made of sandbags....................................................................................................52 Fig. 35: Dyke made of sandbags....................................................................................................53 Fig. 36: Backside of a fence ..........................................................................................................53 Fig. 37: Fence made of sticks ........................................................................................................54 Fig. 38: Wall at the St. Kevin Hill Primary School .........................................................................54 Fig. 39: Closure out of bricks in front of a door ..............................................................................55 Fig. 40: Closure made of different materials...................................................................................56 Fig. 41: Single store building out of bricks .....................................................................................57 Fig. 42: Muddy house...................................................................................................................58 Fig. 43: Multi-storey building .......................................................................................................58 Fig. 44: Petrol station (Source: ARENDT 2013).............................................................................59 Fig. 45: Study area 1 (www.earth.google.com, edited) ....................................................................61 Fig. 46: Proposed area 2 ...............................................................................................................62 Fig. 47: Proposed area ..................................................................................................................62 Fig. 48: Study area 2 (www.earth.google.com, edited) ....................................................................63 Fig. 49: Tranches .........................................................................................................................64 Fig. 50: Proposed terracing, 2013 ..................................................................................................64 Fig. 51: Study area 3 (www.earth.google.com, edited) ....................................................................65 Fig. 52: Rainwater harvesting........................................................................................................66 Fig. 53: Dams for irrigation ..........................................................................................................66
Page 1 and 2: Report on field studies in Voi, Ken
Page 3 and 4: Acknowledgement The student field w
Page 5: 4.5.4 Discussion ..................
Page 9 and 10: List of Maps Map 1: Digitalised str
Page 11 and 12: coping with the flood risk menace a
Page 13 and 14: 4 Research topics 4.1 Land use Auth
Page 15 and 16: Map 1: Digitalised streets in the i
Page 17 and 18: Map 2: Screenshot from the result o
Page 19 and 20: Map 3: Supervised classification of
Page 21 and 22: Tab. 4: Class description and photo
Page 23 and 24: 4.1.5 Discussion The results given
Page 25 and 26: Map 5: showing samples taken in hot
Page 27 and 28: Fig. 5: Hydraulic conductivity at s
Page 29 and 30: 4.3 Local Gully System Authors: Ste
Page 31 and 32: Steps for the use of the GPS measur
Page 33 and 34: Map 6: Data Collection during field
Page 35 and 36: 4.4 Gully Investigation Authors: Al
Page 37 and 38: Map 8: GPS points along the gully m
Page 39 and 40: Fig. 11: Cross profile 13 Fig. 12:
Page 41 and 42: 4.5 Flood Water Risk & Management A
Page 43 and 44: to record the damage and to generat
Page 45 and 46: Map 9: Flow direction Hot spot 1 36
Page 47 and 48: Hotspot 1 & 2 can be separated into
Page 49 and 50: Map 12: Research points - Hotspot 1
Page 51 and 52: [cm] Maximum Water Level 250 200 15
Page 53 and 54: 4.6 Roads and buildings Authors: An
Page 55 and 56: Example 1 Fig. 19: Culvert that is
Page 57 and 58:
Fig. 24: Longitudinal profile of th
Page 59 and 60:
d. Those that are working Fig. 28:
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Fig. 33: A functional ditch Buildin
Page 63 and 64:
. Fences made out of sticks Fig. 37
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c. Combinations of different materi
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Fig. 42: Muddy house ii. Out of mud
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4.7 Floodwater Harvesting Authors:
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Sub area 2: This area is an open la
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Therefore storage needs to be const
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Fig. 52: Rainwater harvesting 4.7.4
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processes in Voi. Effective erosion
Page 79:
Map 13: Hotspots of Voi 70
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Soil Erosion and Flood Risk Management

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