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List of Figures
Figure 1. Example of a common IL, 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium
bis(trifluormethylsulfonyl)imide. .......................................................................................... 3
Figure 2. Number of papers published per year concerning ILs. Values taken from IsiWeb
of Knowledge in 2 nd of May, 2009. ....................................................................................... 4
Figure 3. Chemical structure of the ILs studied: (i) [C3mim][PF6]; (ii) [C3mim][PF6]; (iii)
[C3mpy][PF6]; (iv) [C1mim][Tf2N]; (v) [C2C2im][Tf2N]; (vi) [C4C1mim][Tf2N]. ............. 10
Figure 4. Karl Fischer coulometric titrator. ......................................................................... 11
Figure 5. UV Spectrometer. ................................................................................................. 11
Figure 6. Relative deviations between the experimental mole fraction solubility of water in
ILs (empty symbols) and ILs in water (full symbols) obtained in this work (xexp) and those
reported in the literature (xlit) as a function of temperature: ◊, [C8mim][PF6], Fadeev et
al. 38 ; , [C4mim][PF6], McFarlane et al. 32 ; ,[C4mim][PF6], Anthony et al. 30 ; ,
[C8mim][PF6], Anthony et al. 30 ; , [C4mim][PF6], Wong et al. 34 ; □, [C4mim][PF6],
Najdanovic-Visak et al. 39 ; -, [C4mim][PF6], Alfassi et al. 37 ; +, [C4mim][PF6], Shvedene et
al. 40 ; ×, [C4C1mim][PF6], Shvedene et al. 40 . ........................................................................ 12
Figure 7. Anion influence in the water, a), and ILs, b), mutual solubilities: ,
[C3mim][PF6]; , [C3mpy][PF6]; , [C3mim][Tf2N] 35 ; , [C3mpy][Tf2N] 41 ; ,
[C4mim][PF6]; , [C4mim][Tf2N] 35 . .................................................................................. 16
Figure 8. Influence of the cation family for the water solubility in ILs: , [C3mim][PF6];
, [C3mpy][PF6]. ................................................................................................................. 17
Figure 9. Cation alkyl chain length influence in the water, a), and ILs, b), mutual
solubilities: ○, [C1mim][Tf2N]; ×, [C2mim][Tf2N] 35 ; , [C3mim][Tf2N] 35 ; ,
[C4mim][Tf2N] 35 ; +, [C5mim][Tf2N] 35 . ............................................................................... 18
Figure 10. Isomers influence in the water, a), and ILs, b), mutual solubilities: ,
[C2C2mim][Tf2N]; , [C3mim][Tf2N] 35 ; +, [C5mim][Tf2N] 35 ; –, [C4C1mim][Tf2N]. ......... 19
Figure 11. Experimental solubility values adjusted with Eq. 1: , [C3mim][PF6]; ,
[C3mpy][PF6]; , [C4mim][PF6]; ○, [C1mim][Tf2N]; ×, [C2mim][Tf2N] 35 ; ,
[C2C2mim][Tf2N]; , [C3mim][Tf2N] 35 ; , [C4mim][Tf2N] 35 ; , [C3mpy][Tf2N] 41 ; +,
[C5mim][Tf2N] 35 ; –, [C4C1mim][Tf2N]. .............................................................................. 20
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